UPD 306 CW2 GROUP3 INFRASTRUCTURE Quan Yang 1823633 Jixuan Wang 1823772 Yijia Zhang 1825660 Luyao Yang 1717888
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UPD 306 - May 25 Background -- Original Transport Network
Jixuan Wang 1823772/ Yijia Zhang 1825660/ Luyao Yang 1717888/Quan Yang 1823633 / Group3 / Team B
Figure: Transport Network (Source: Open street map, 2022)
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UPD 306 - May 25 Main Issue - Traffic Congestion Point
Jixuan Wang 1823772/ Yijia Zhang 1825660/ Luyao Yang 1717888/Quan Yang 1823633 / Group3 / Team B
Figure:Traffic Congestion (Source: Google Earth)
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UPD 306 - April 29 Main Issue -- Land Transport Sector Carbon Contribution
Jixuan Wang 1823772/ Yijia Zhang 1825660/ Luyao Yang 1717888/Quan Yang 1823633 / Group3 / Team B
Figure: Fingerprint in 2020 (Source: Statistics of Bali Province)
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UPD 306 - April 29 Design Strategy
Sub-strategy Overall Road Network Planning Green Infrastructure Macro Bali
Solve Traffic Congestion Reduce Carbon Emission
achieve
4 Strategies
Main Goal in 2045
Multiwheel Vehicle (Main: Bus System) Meso South bali
I.
II. Modal Shift III. Improving green infrastructure
I.
Complete Multi-wheeled vehicle Network (Bus)
II. Traffic dispersion
Two-wheeled Vehicle (Main: Bicycle System) Micro Denpasar
I.
Waling System Micro Denpasar Center
I.
Jixuan Wang 1823772/ Yijia Zhang 1825660/ Luyao Yang 1717888/Quan Yang 1823633 / Group3 / Team B
Road Division
Complete Bicycle Network
II. A Shared Service System III. Cycling Infrastructure
Micro-environmental improvements to footpaths
II.
Figure: Design Strategy
Increased green infrastructure
UPD 306 - May 25 Transport Vision in 2045
Macro Bali
Overall Road Network Planning Green Infrastructure
Meso South bali
Multiwheel Vehicle Bus System
Micro Denpasar
Two-wheeled Vehicle Bicycle System
Micro Denpasar Center
Walking System 6
UPD 306 - May 25 Transport Vision in 2045 1 Macro Bali
Overall Road Network Planning Green Infrastructure
3 Micro Denpasar
Bicycle System Road Type (classification)
2 Meso South bali
Multiwheel Vehicle Bus System
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UPD 306 - May 25 Carbon Emission Vision in 2045 -- Land Transport
Figure: Carbon Emission Vision
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UPD 306 - May 25 Strategy 1 -- Framework
Road Network & Green Infrastructure
Typical area
Strategy
Ø Bali - Macro
• Road diversion
Ø South Bali - Meso
• Modal shift
Main goal u
u
Ø Denpasar - Micro
• Improving green infrastructure u
Forming an orderly road network Moving towards green transport Increasing the carbon neutrality of green infrastructure
ü Solve the Traffic Congestion ü Reduce Carbon Emission
UPD 306 - May 25 Strategy 1 -- Road renewal description framework Scale
Overall
Type
Port - Airport
Level
L5 BALI
Port - Airport
L4 SOUTH BALI
Cities and Nodes
L3 L2
DENPASAR
Trunk Primary
Road Optimisation Macro
Functional transport Meso
Minivan/Bus Secondary Bus Tertiary
Motor vehicles
Orderly traffic Micro
Bicycle
Slow traffic Nonmotorised
Pavement
L0 Quan Yang 1823633 / Group3 / Team B
Policy Efficient transport / public transport / motor vehicle free zones
Public spaces
L1 DENPASAR CENTRE
Objectivies
Plan - Road Network & Green Infrastructure
Pavement
1. Road diversion addressing some congestion points 2. Modal shift moving towards green transport 3. Improving green infrastructure increasing carbon neutrality
Slow traffic (Source from: Open street map, 2022)
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UPD 306 - May 24 Strategy 1 -- The original network
Tertiary Secondary Primary Quan Yang 1823633 / Group3 / Team B
Figure 1.1: Map of the original road network in Bali (Source from: Open street map, 2022)
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UPD 306 - May 24 Strategy 1 -- Renewed road network
Policies
1. Increase the taxation of traditional motor vehicles. 2. Encourage the use of public transport and new energy vehicles.
Quan Yang 1823633 / Group3 / Team B
Figure 1.2: Updated road network map of Bali (By Self, 2022)
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UPD 306 - May 24 Strategy 1 -- L4 -- Trunk / Primary
Functional Transport
Ports - Airports 1. Large truck transport road with primary road for cars. 2. Modification of primary roads to increase connectivity and north-south permeability. Reduction of unnecessary and complicated routes in South Bali.
Quan Yang 1823633 / Group3 / Team B
Figure 1.3: Modified Level 4 Road Map (By Self, 2022)
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UPD 306 - May 24 Strategy 1 -- L4 -- Trunk / Primary Ports - Airports
L4 - Trunk/Primary
Road greening
L4 -- Trunk / Primary
Road diversion scenario Figure 1.4: Level 4 road link network (By Self, 2022) Quan Yang 1823633 / Group3 / Team B
Figure 1.5: Road diversion scheme diagram - L4 (By Self, 2022)
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UPD 306 - May 24 Strategy 1 -- L3 -- Minivan/Bus/Secondary
Orderly traffic
Cities & Nodes 1. switch to mini-trucks in L3 transport and restrict access to roads for them. 2. L3 facilitation of bus operations across the region. 3. Reduce congestion by banning cars from the minitruck transport routes.
Quan Yang 1823633 / Group3 / Team B
X
Figure 1.6: Modified Level 3 Road Map (By Self, 2022)
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UPD 306 - May 24 Strategy 1 -- L3 -- Minivan/Bus/Secondary Cities & Nodes
L3 Minivan/Bus/ Secondary Road greening
L3 -- Minivan/Bus/Secondary
Road diversion scenario Figure 1.7: Level 3 road link network (By Self, 2022) Quan Yang 1823633 / Group3 / Team B
Figure 1.8: Road diversion scheme diagram - L3 (By Self, 2022)
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UPD 306 - May 24 Strategy 1 -- Green Infrastructure -- Macro
Quan Yang 1823633 / Group3 / Team B
Figure 1.9: Macro Green Infrastructure Network (Source from: Open street map, 2022)
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UPD 306 - May 24 Strategy 1 -- L2 -- Bus/Tertiary
Orderly traffic
Cities & Nodes X 1. Ban lorries and minivans from L2. 2. Active development of the public transport network to gradually replace private cars with public transport. 3. Restrictions on car traffic on L2 roads, implementation of policies such as one-way traffic, car number restrictions and parking bans.
Quan Yang 1823633 / Group3 / Team B
Figure 1.10: Modified Level 2 Road Map (By Self, 2022)
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UPD 306 - May 24 Strategy 1 -- L2 -- Bus/Tertiary Cities & Nodes
L2 Bus/ Tertiary Road greening
L2 -- Bus/Tertiary
Road diversion scenario Figure 1.11: Level 2 road link network (By Self, 2022) Quan Yang 1823633 / Group3 / Team B
Figure 1.12: Road diversion scheme diagram - L2 (By Self, 2022) Figure 1: Fingerprint in 2020 (Source: Statistics of Bali Province)
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UPD 306 - May 24 Strategy 1 -- Green Infrastructure -- Meso
Bus stop greening increase plan
Improve the bus network while adding greenery around bus stops.
Quan Yang 1823633 / Group3 / Team B
Figure 1.13: Meso Green Infrastructure Network (Source from: Open street map, 2022)
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UPD 306 - May 24 Strategy 1 -- L1&L0 -- Bicycle/Pavement
Slow traffic
Connecting public spaces 1. Install motor vehiclefree zones. 2. Build a complete cycle network in the city centre. 3. Improve the pedestrian system and design a network of safe, comfortable and viable pavements.
Quan Yang 1823633 / Group3 / Team B
Figure 1.14: Modified Level 1 Level 0 Road Map (By Self, 2022)
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UPD 306 - May 24 Strategy 1 -- Green Infrastructure -- Micro
Micro Green Infrastructure Development Vision
Landscaping features Adding micro-green landscapes to accompany cycle stations in the city.
Quan Yang 1823633 / Group3 / Team B
Objective
1. Adding more green space outdoors without taking up too much space. 2. Create a pleasant travel environment for slow moving traffic.
Figure 1.15: Microo Green Infrastructure Network (Source from: Open street map, 2022)
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UPD 306 - May 24 Strategy 1 -- Green Infrastructure -- Scenarios
Original
Figure 1: The original green landscape (Source: Google Maps, 2022)
New
Figure 1: Rendering of the renovated green landscape (By self, 2022)
Rest the plants around the cycle path to create a beautiful green landscape.
Quan Yang 1823633 / Group3 / Team B
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UPD 306 - May 20 Strategy 1 -- The original congestion point
Legend Severe congestion Congestion
Quan Yang 1823633 / Group3 / Team B
Figure 1.16: The original congestion point (Source: Statistics of Bali Province)
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UPD 306 - May 20 Strategy 1 -- Strategic Outcomes Vision
Quan Yang 1823633 / Group3 / Team B
Figure 1.17:Strategic Outcomes Vision (Source: Statistics of Bali Province)
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UPD 306 - May 20 Strategy 1 -- Carbon emissions and carbon neutrality timeline
Quan Yang 1823633 / Group3 / Team B
Figure 1.18:Carbon emissions and carbon neutrality timeline (Source: Statistics of Bali Province)
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UPD 306 - May 25 Framework
Two-Wheeled Vehicle (Main: Bicycle System)
Typical area Sourh Bali
Strategy • Complete Multi-wheeled vehicle Network • Traffic dispersion
Jixuan Wang 1823772/ Group3 / Team B
Main goal • Road Traffic Vision 2045 • Solving specific congestion problem • Promoting a shift from private to public transport modes
UPD 306 - May 25 Strategy3
Two-wheeled Vehicle: Bicycle System
Macro Bali
Overall Road Network Planning Green Infrastructure
Meso South bali
Multiwheel Vehicle Bus System
Micro Denpasar
Two-wheeled Vehicle Bicycle System Road Hierarchy (development priority route)
Micro Denpasar Center Waling System
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UPD 306 – May 23 Public Transport
Attractions cluster Jixuan Wang 1823772/ Group3 / Team B
Made by self Source：openstreetmap
UPD 306 – May 23 Public Transport
farmland
商业、零售、城 市活动cluster Jixuan Wang 1823772/ Group3 / Team B
Made by self Source：openstreetmap
UPD 306 – May 25 Public Transport
Urban cluster Major transport system Transport corridor Jixuan Wang 1823772/ Group3 / Team B
Made by self Source：openstreetmap
UPD 306 – May 25 Public Transport
Jixuan Wang 1823772/ Group3 / Team B
Made by self Source：openstreetmap
UPD 306 – May 25 Public Transport
Jixuan Wang 1823772/ Group3 / Team B
Made by self Source：openstreetmap
Public network 1 Improving transport modes and networks
Jixuan Wang 1823772/ Group3 / Team B
Made by self Source：openstreetmap
Public network 1 Improving transport modes and networks
Jixuan Wang 1823772/ Group3 / Team B
Made by self Source：openstreetmap
Public network 1 Improving transport modes and networks
Congestion point
Jixuan Wang 1823772/ Group3 / Team B
Made by self Source：openstreetmap
Public network 2 Solving congestion Priority bus and bicycle rights of way. Traffic junction congestion Main road congestion
Made by self Source：Google earth
Stakeholder: resident, traveller Causes of congestion： 1. Disorderly traffic combined with commercial areas 2. Ghost traffic jam （Lack of coordination） Jixuan Wang 1823772/ Group3 / Team B
Enhanced travel modal shift. Combine public、cycle、working system And Efficient transportation hub Navigation Allowing visitors to avoid congestion points
Drive Scenario
Public network 2 Solving congestion Priority bus and bicycle rights of way. First priority
BEFORE
AFTER Made by self Source：Google earth
Jixuan Wang 1823772/ Group3 / Team B
Public network 2 Solving congestion Priority bus and bicycle rights of way. Second priority
BEFORE
AFTER Made by self Source：Google earth
Jixuan Wang 1823772/ Group3 / Team B
Public network 2 Solving congestion Priority bus and bicycle rights of way. Third priority
BEFORE
AFTER Made by self Source：Google earth
Jixuan Wang 1823772/ Group3 / Team B
Public network 2 Solving congestion One-way traffic lane Congestion on side roads Residential Congestion
Permanent Rush hour Regulating the problem of indiscriminate parking Increasing parking space Enhanced travel modal shift.
Made by self Source：Google earth
Combine public、cycle、working system
Stakeholder: resident Causes of congestion： 1. Narrow road 2. No place to park Jixuan Wang 1823772/ Group3 / Team B
Drive Scenario
UPD 306 – May 23 Public Transport
42 Jixuan Wang 1823772/ Group3 / Team B
UPD 306 – May 23 Public Transport
calculation
“2015 Indonesia Vision”
The shift from private car to mass transportation Fueled vehicle to electric vehicle substitution program
Computational Formula： 10,000 km
Carbon emissions per vehicle =
100
×
fuel consumption per 100 km
×
2.7
Total carbon Emissions from the vehicle = carbon emissions per vehicle × total number of vehicles
fuel consumption per 100 km
Carbon emissions per vehicle （t）
Vehicle number
BUS
15L
4.04
9205
MINI BUS
10L
2.7
369104
Jixuan Wang 1823772/ Group3 / Team B
2030 CO2 Emission Kiloton 0
456.58
2045 CO2 Emission Kiloton 0
0
UPD 306 - May 25 Framework
Two-Wheeled Vehicle (Main: Bicycle System)
Typical area Denpasar
Strategy • Complete Two-wheeled vehicle (Bicycle) Network • A Shared Service System
Main goal • Integrate with public transport • Promote the use of ecofriendly transport
• Cycling Infrastructure ü Solve the Traffic Congestion ü Reduce Carbon Emission
Yijia Zhang 1825660/ Group3 / Team B
Figure 3.1
UPD 306 - May 25 Strategy3
Two-wheeled Vehicle: Bicycle System Road Type (classification)
Macro Bali
Overall Road Network Planning Green Infrastructure
Meso South bali
Multiwheel Vehicle Bus System
Micro Denpasar Road Hierarchy (development priority route)
Two-wheeled Vehicle Bicycle System
Micro Denpasar Center Walking System Figure 3.2
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UPD 306 - May 25 Three Main Issues Non-network based Bicycle in urban areas are often built in sections instead of forming an integrated network of sidewalks. The lack of robust spatial planning and the fragmented construction of bicycle lande means cyclist often have to walk on car lanes.
Lack of the road prioritization to users Bicycle infrastructure is often misused or abused by motorized vehicles—for instance, as vehicle parking spaces.
Underdeveloped cycling facilities Bicycles have to share space with motorized vehicles, particularly on main roads. This has become a major safety issue, and that’s the main obstacle to increasing bicycle use in urban areas in Denpasar.
Yijia Zhang 1825660/ Group3 / Team B
Figure 3.3 (Source: ITDP, 2020)
UPD 306 - May 25 Current NMT-Related Issues
Identified Issue
Non-network based
Principle • Continuous network and cycling infrastructure • Access to public space
Lack of crossing facilities • Poor-quality design and material
Regulation of vehicle speed
• Provisions of physical protection
Poorly maintained existing facilities •
Small blocks
•
Signage
•
Signage
•
Ramps
Difficult access for people with disabilities
Lack of the road prioritization to users
Underdeveloped cycling facilities Yijia Zhang 1825660/ Group3 / Team B
Figure 3.4 (Source: ITDP, 2020)
• Integration with public 47 transportation points
UPD 306 - May 25 Flowchart of bicycle network design Bicycle Network Design Identify the origins and destinations
Identify the level of importance of each identified POIs
Identify potential routes for cycling
Identify limitation on the potential routes
Determine road hierarchy
Determine priority route Yijia Zhang 1825660/ Group3 / Team B
Figure 3.5 (Source: ITDP, 2020)
48
UPD 306 - May 25 Bicycle Network Design
Figure 3.6 (Source:Open Street Map, 2020)
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UPD 306 - May 25 Bicycle Network Design
Poi - Public Transport Point
Figure 3.7 (Source:Open Street Map, 2020)
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UPD 306 - May 25 Bicycle Network Design
Poi - Commercial Point
Figure 3.8 (Source:Open Street Map, 2020)
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UPD 306 - May 25 Bicycle Network Design
Poi - Basic Infrastructure
Figure 3.9 (Source:Open Street Map, 2020)
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UPD 306 - May 25 Bicycle Network Design
Poi - Lesiure Point
Figure 3.10 (Source:Open Street Map, 2020)
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UPD 306 - May 25 Bicycle Network Design
Potential routes for cycling
Figure 3.11 (Source:Open Street Map, 2020)
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UPD 306 - May 25 Bicycle Network Design Road Hierarchy (development priority route) Primary route Transit based
Secondary route City activity based & School based
Access route
Figure 3.12 (Source:Open Street Map, 2020)
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UPD 306 - May 25 Bicycle Network Design Limitation on the potential routes
Figure 3.13 (Source:Open Street Map, 2020)
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UPD 306 - May 25 Bicycle Network Design
Road Type (classification) T1: New (Along with Car + Bus + Moterbike...) turn some moterbike/car lanes into bicycle routes
T2: Original bicycle route (Bicycle + Electric bicycle + Scooter ) allow different types of nonmotor vehicles to run parallel
T3: New (Bicycle route) use original routes to renovate
T4: New (Bicycle route + Walking route) in small scale (residential road/pathway/countryroad) 57 Figure 3.14 (Source:Open Street Map, 2020)
UPD 306 - May 25 Bicycle Network Design
Road Hierarchy Primary route Transit based Connects primary activity center points, housing areas, and primary public transport points
Secondary route City activity based & School based Connects primary routes and secondary activity center points
Access route Cycling lanes on local street to access primary or secondary routes
Figure 3.15 (Source:Open Street Map, 2020)
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UPD 306 - May 25 Bicycle Network Design
Road Hierarchy
Figure 3.16 (Source:Open Street Map, 2020)
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UPD 306 - May 25 Traffic Congestion Congestion Point1:
Traffic Congestion Point - solved by cycling system
City Center
Point1: City Center Car-Free Zone
Point2:Coastal Area Scooter and Bicycle Lane
Congestion Point2: Coastal Area
Figure 3.17 (Source:Google Earth, 2020)
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UPD 306 - May 25 Traffic Congestion Traffic Congestion Situation
Point1: City Center
Commute Congestion time: Weekdays
Point2:Coastal Area
Tuesday 12AM
Recreation Congestion time: Weekdend
Sunday 8PM
Thursday 6PM
Figure 3.18 (Source:Open Street Map, 2020)
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UPD 306 - May 25 Traffic Congestion Point1: City Center Communting route
Transfer Station
(between bicycle and bus)
Car-Free Zone • turn motor vehicles’ lanes into bicycle/electric bicycle routes • add bicycle road density • add public transit stops around the area • provide bicycle sharing points
Yijia Zhang 1825660/ Group3 / Team B
Figure 3.19 (Source:Open Street Map, 2020)
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UPD 306 - May 25 Traffic Congestion Transfer Station
(between bicycle and bus)
Point1: City Center Communting route Car-Free Zone • turn motor vehicles’ lanes into bicycle/electric bicycle routes • add bicycle road density • add public transit stops around the area • provide bicycle sharing points
Yijia Zhang 1825660/ Group3 / Team B
Figure 3.20 (Source:Open Street Map, 2020)
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UPD 306 - May 25 Traffic Congestion Point2:Coastal Area Recreational route Specialized Bicycle and
Commercial distribution
Scooter lanes • use original routes to renovate • relieve the congestion on the main road
Yijia Zhang 1825660/ Group3 / Team B
Attractions
Figure 3.21 (Source:Open Street Map, 2020)
64 Original bus stops
UPD 306 - May 25 Point2: Coastal Area Recreational route
Figure 3.22 (Source:SWA, 2016)
65
UPD 306 - May 25 Bicycle Sharing System
66 Yijia Zhang 1825660/ Group3 / Team B
Figure 3.23 (Source:Open Street Map, 2020)
UPD 306 - May 25 Cycling Infrastructure I. SAFETY Physical Protection
Intersections Design
II. CONTINUITY Avoid Long Detours
Prioritizing Cyclists
III. CONHESIVENESS Connect Origins and Destinations
IV. COMFORT Parking Facilities
Anti-Slip and Even Surface
V. ATTRACTIVENESS Integrated With Activity Centers
Figure 3.24 (Source: ITDP, 2020)
67
UPD 306 - May 25 Cycling Infrastructure Cycling lane Ø Recreational route
Ø Commuting route
Safety
Safety
Attractiveness
Route Continuity
Cohesiveness
Cohesiveness
Comfort
Comfort
Route Continuity
Attractiveness
Yijia Zhang 1825660/ Group3 / Team B
Figure 3.25 (Source: ITDP, 2020)
68
UPD 306 - May 25 Cycling Infrastructure Provide Physical Protection Physical protection should be provided to separate cycling lane from motorized traffic. Ø Types of Bicycle Lane and Physical separators
Sepecialized Lane
Protected Lane Separated From Motorized Traffic
Evelated
Yijia Zhang 1825660/ Group3 / Team B
Green Strip
Concrete Cube
Bollards
Figure 3.26 (Source: ITDP, 2020)
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Scenario1 in Denpasar
Before
Yijia Zhang 1825660/ Group3 / Team B
After
Figure 3.27 (Source:Google Earth, 2020)
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Scenario2 in Denpasar
Before
Yijia Zhang 1825660/ Group3 / Team B
After
Figure 3.28 (Source:Google Earth, 2020)
71
Scenario3 in Denpasar
Before
Yijia Zhang 1825660/ Group3 / Team B
After
Figure 3.29 (Source:Google Earth, 2020)
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UPD 306 - May 25 Cycling Infrastructure Intersections and Crossings That Minimalize Conflict
Yijia Zhang 1825660/ Group3 / Team B
Figure 3.30 (Source: ITDP, 2020)
73
UPD 306 - May 25 Cycling Infrastructure Provide Bicycle Parking Facilities Ø Parking location alternatives
Perpendicular at Sidewalk
Yijia Zhang 1825660/ Group3 / Team B
Along Sidewalk
At On-street Parking
Figure 3.31 (Source: ITDP, 2020)
74
UPD 306 - May 25 Cycling Infrastructure Anti-slip and even surface Use materials that are durable and easy to maintain & Materials must not be slippery
Yijia Zhang 1825660/ Group3 / Team B
Figure 3.32 (Source: ITDP, 2020)
75
UPD 306 - May 25 Calculation - Bicycle System Computational Formula： Carbon emissions per vehicle =
10,000 km 100
× fuel consumption per 100 km × 2.7
Total carbon Emissions from the vehicle = carbon emissions per vehicle × total number of vehicles
Bicycle carbon emission： Carbon emissions per bicycle =
10,000 km 100
×
0
× 2.7
Total carbon Emissions from the bicycle = carbon emissions per vehicle × total number of vehicles = 0 × 3000,000 =0 Yijia Zhang 1825660/ Group3 / Team B
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