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DICTIONARY
Abstraction
Abstraction is the process of taking away or removing characteristics from something in order to reduce it to a set of essential characteristics.
Is the application of business intelligence tools and strategies to guide decision-making practices in educational institutions.
Academic Analytics
Ajax (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML)
Is a method of building interactive applications for the Web that process user requests immediately. Ajax combines several programming tools including JavaScript, dynamic HTML, XML, cascading style sheets, the Document Object Model and the Microsoft object XMLHttpRequest.
Is a unit of measure of the rate of electron flow or current in an electrical conductor. One ampere of current represents one coulomb of electrical charge (6.24 x 1018 charge carriers) moving past a specific point in one second.
Ampere
Backup
Backup is the activity of copying files or databases so that they will be preserved in case of equipment failure or other catastrophe.
A bit is the smallest unit of data in a computer. A bit has a single binary value, either 0 or 1. Although computers usually provide instructions that can test and manipulate bits, they generally are designed to store data and execute instructions in bit multiples called bytes.
Bit (Binary Digit)
Bus
In a computer or on a network, a bus is a transmission path on which signals are dropped off or picked up at every device attached to the line.
C# (pronounced C-sharp) is an object-oriented programming language in development from Microsoft, which is intended to combine the computing power of C++ with the programming ease of Visual Basic.
C#
Chassis
Is the physical frame or structure of an automobile, an airplane, a desktop computer, or other multi-component device. Case is very similar in meaning, but tends to connote the protective aspect of the frame rather than its structure.
In agile software development, a customer is a person with an understanding of both the business needs and operational constraints for a project.
Customer
Data
In computing, data is information that has been translated into a form that is more convenient to move or process. In other contexts, data has somewhat different meanings.
A datacenter is a centralized repository, either physical or virtual, for the storage, management, and dissemination of data and information organized around a particular body of knowledge or pertaining to a particular business.
Data Center
Desktop Firewall
A personal firewall is a software application used to protect a single Internet-connected computer from intruders. Personal firewall protection is especially useful for users with always-on connections such as DSL or cable modem.
Is the transmission of a file from one computer system to another, usually smaller computer system.
Downloading
Edge Router
A term used in asynchronous transfer mode networks, an edge router is a device that routes data packets between one or more local area networks and an ATM backbone network, whether a campus network or a wide area network.
In computers, the term environment when unqualified usually refers to the combination of hardware and software in a computer . In this usage, the term platform is a synonym.
Environment
Ethernet
Ethernet is the most widelyinstalled local area network technology. Specified in a standard, IEEE 802.3, Ethernet was originally developed by Xerox from an earlier specification called Alohanet and then developed further by Xerox, DEC, and Intel.
A file allocation table (FAT) is a table that an operating system maintains on a hard disk that provides a map of the clusters (the basic units of logical storage on a hard disk) that a file has been stored in.
FAT
FOSS
Free and open source software (FOSS), also known as free/libre open source software (FLOSS) and free/open source software (F/OSS), is software developed by informal collaborative networks of programmers and end users.
Is programming that is offered at no cost and is a common class of small applications available for downloading and use in most operating systems.
Freeware
Gesture Recognition
Is the mathematical interpretation of a human motion by a computing device. Gesture recognition, along with facial recognition, voice recognition, eye tracking and lip movement recognition are components of what developers refer to as a perceptual user interface.
Ghost is a software product from Symantec that can clone the entire contents of a hard disk to another computer’s hard disk or to storage media.
Ghost
GIF
Stands for Graphics Interchange Format and is one of the two most common file formats for graphic images on the World Wide Web. The other is the JPEG.
Is a term used by some to mean “a clever programmer” and by others, especially those in popular media, to mean “someone who tries to break into computer systems.
Hacker
Hamming code
is a set of error-correction code s that can be used to detect and correct bit errors that can occur when computer data is moved or stored. Hamming code is named for R. W. Hamming of Bell Labs.
Hypertext Markup Language, is the set of markup symbols or codes inserted in a file intended for display on a World Wide Web browser page.
HTML
ICE
Is an abbreviation that a cell phone user can enter into the device’s directory to identify the telephone number of a primary contact, such as next of kin.
Is a high-level storage area network routing switch that provides features such as storage virtualization, quality of service, remote mirroring, data sharing, protocol conversion, and advanced security.
Intelligent switch
IT
Information Technology, is a term that encompasses all forms of technology used to create, store, exchange, and use information in its various forms .
Is a programming language expressly designed for use in the distributed environment of the Internet. It was designed to have the “look and feel� of the C++ language, but it is simpler to use than C++ and enforces an objectoriented programming model.
Java
JDK
A Java Development Kit is a program development environment for writing Java applets and applications. It consists of a runtime environment of the operating system layer as well as the tools and programming that developers applets applications written in the Java language.
Is a pair of prongs that are electrical contact points set into the computer motherboard or an adapter card . When you set a jumper, you place a plug on the prongs that completes a contact.
Jumper
Keyboard
On most computers, a keyboard is the primary text input device. The computer keyboard uses the same key arrangement as the mechanical and electronic typewriter keyboards that preceded the computer.
Is a hardware device or small program that monitors each keystroke a user types on a specific computer’s keyboard. As a hardware device, a keylogger is a small battery-sized plug that serves as a connector between the user’s keyboard and computer.
Keylogger
Knowbot
Is a program that automatically searchs Internet sites and gathers information from them according to user-specified criteria.
A local area network is a group of computers and associated devices that share a common communications line or wireless link. Typically, connected devices share the resources of a single processor or server within a small geographic area.
LAN
LiFi
Is a wireless optical networking technology that uses lightemitting diodes (LEDs) for data transmission.
Using hypertext, a link is a selectable connection from one word, picture, or information object to another.
Link
MAC address
In a local area network (LAN) or other network, the MAC (Media Access Control) address is your computer’s unique hardware number.
Malware (for “malicious software”) is any program or file that is harmful to a computer user.
Malware
Marshalling
Is the process of gathering data from one or more applications or non-contiguous sources in computer storage, putting the data pieces into a message buffer , and organizing or converting the data into a format that is prescribed for a particular receiver or programming interface.
is an integrated circuit that is so small, in physical terms, that individual particles of matter play major roles.
Nanochip
Native
If a computer application program is compiled to run with a particular processor and its set of instructions, the result can be referred to as native code.
A quadbit, sometimes called a nibble, is one of 16 possible fourbit combinations used in some communication signals.
Nibble
Object Code
The source code consists of the programming statements that are created by a programmer with a text editor or a visual programming tool and then saved in a file.
is a term that describes a base8 number system. An octal number system consists of eight single-digit numbers: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7. The number after 7 is 10. The number after 17 is 20 and so forth.
Octal
Online
Online is the condition of being connected to a network of computers or other devices.
Describes the type of network in which relatively small units of data called packets are routed through a network based on the destination address contained within each packet.
Packet-switched
Panel
In computer program development, a panel is a representation of what information will be sent to a user’s display screen in given circumstances.
Pascal is the language on which many programmers first learn how to write structured, compiled programs.
Pascal
Query
A database query can be either a select query or an action query. An action query can ask for additional operations on the data, such as insertion, updating or deletion.
Is like an advanced version of auto-correct or auto-complete software.
QuickType
QVGA
Quarter Video Graphics Array, is a small-screen display mode in which the resolution is 320 pixels horizontally by 240 pixels vertically (320 x 240).
Is an enclosed conduit that forms a physical pathway for electrical wiring. Raceways protect wires and cables from heat, humidity, corrosion, water intrusion and general physical threats.
Raceway
Radian
The radian is the Standard International unit of plane angular measure. There are 2 pi, or approximately 6.28318, radians in a complete circle.
Random Access Memory, is the place in a computer where the operating system, application programs, and data in current use are kept so that they can be quickly reached by the computer’s processor.
RAM
SafeWeb
Anonymous Web surfing allows a user to visit Web sites without allowing anyone to gather information about which sites the user visited.
Is a popular freeware program that allows end users to access and use files, printers, and other commonly shared resources on a company’s intranet or on the Internet.
Samba
SAPI
Speech Application Program Interface, is an application program interface provided with the Microsoft Windows operating system that allows programmers to write programs that offer text-to-speech and speech recognition capabilities.
Is a basic unit of programming that an operating system controls. Depending on how the operating system defines a task in its design, this unit of programming may be an entire program or each successive invocation of a program.
Task
TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol, is the basic communication language or protocol of the Internet.
A transistor regulates current or voltage flow and acts as a switch or gate for electronic signals. A transistor consists of three layers of a semiconductor material, each capable of carrying a current.
Transistor
Ubuntu
Is an open source based Linux distribution. Ubuntu is considered a good distribution for beginners. The operating system was intended primarily for personal computers but it can also be used on servers.
Or decompressing is the act of expanding a compression file back into its original form. Software that you download from the Internet often comes in a compressed package that can uncompress itself when you click on it.
Uncompressing
Unipolar Signaling
Also called unipolar transmission,is a baseband method of sending binary data over wire or cable. There are two logic states, low and high, represented by the digits 0 and 1 respectively.
An HTML validator is a quality assurance program used to check Hypertext Markup Language markup elements for syntax errors.
Validator HTML
VAR
Value Added Reseller, is a company that takes an existing product, adds its own “value” usually in the form of a specific application for the product, and resells it as a new product or “package.”
Is the creation of digital images through a sequence of commands or mathematical statements that place lines and shapes in a given two-dimensional or threedimensional space.
Vector Graphics
W3C
World Wide Web Consortium, the W3C is an industry consortium which seeks to promote standards for the evolution of the Web and interoperability between WWW products by producing specifications and reference software.
A wide area network is a geographically dispersed telecommunications network. The term distinguishes a broader telecommunication structure from a local area network (LAN).
WAN
Web application
A Web app is an application program that is stored on a remote server and delivered over the Internet through a browser interface.
Xalan is a specification for transforming Extensible Markup Language (XML) documents into Hypertext Markup Language or other XML document types.
Xalan
XSL
Extensible Stylesheet Language, formerly called Extensible Style Language, is a language for creating a style sheet that describes how data sent over the Web using the Extensible Markup Language is to be presented to the user.
Extensible User-interface Language, is a standard way to exchange data that describes a program’s user interface, or at least the portion of it that can be controlled by programming.
XUL
Y (admittance)
Admittance is an expression of the ease with which alternating current flows through a complex circuit or system. Admittance is a vector quantity comprised of two independent scalar phenomena: conductance and susceptance.
Is the standard parser generator for the Unix operating system. An open source program, yacc generates code for the parser in the C programming language.
Yacc
Yammer
Yammer is a private microblogging and collaboration platform for enterprise social networking.
is an open-source tool designed to monitor networks, servers, appliances and other hardware through a Linux-based server, which communicates to the native agents that are available for many operating systems, including Linux, UNIX and Windows.
Zabbix
ZIF socket
Zero Insertion Force, socket is the physical way that Intel’s 486 and Pentium microprocessors up to Pentium II connect on the computer motherboard to the data bus.
Zoning Improvement Plan, codes are postal codes in the United States that identify preassigned geographic boundaries and make mail sorting and delivery more efficient.
Zip Codes