DESIGN PROJECT ARCHITECTURE TECHNOLOGY
Hogeschool van Amsterdam 2016 Mateo Bernabeu Carbonell Joanna Konstanty
DESIGN PROJECT ARCHITECTURE teacher: Andre de Rutier Hogeschool van Amsterdam Edited by: Mateo Bernabeu Carbonell Joanna Konstanty
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| CONTENT | CHOSEN PROJECT
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PROPOSALS
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WIND CATCHER
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EVOLUTION OF THE SHAPE
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ADJUSTABILITY AND ENGINES
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PLANTS
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FLEX BRICK
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DIFFERENCES OF DENSITY
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PRESSURE DIFFERENCES
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GREEN WALL - ECO MESH
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CONSTRUCTIVE PROCESS G.W.
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SET OF DETAILS
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1. WIND CATCHERS
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2. BRICKS FACADE
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3. GREEN WALL
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| CHOSEN PROJECT |
PROJECT 165 VIVIENDAS SOCIALES EN VALLECAS location: MADRID architect: Vรกzquez Consuegra year: 2012
NATURAL CONDITIONS CLIMATE hot, dry, extramally bad for cooling TEMPERATURES record high 40 degrees average high 19.9 degrees
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PROBLEM
STRATEGIES
due to the natural climate conditions in Spain with average temperature around 20 Celcius degrees it is difficult to keep the nice temperature inside of the buildings. The situation is worsen by the solar energy unstoppably reaching all the components during the daytime.
ECONOMIC the need to make the building more sustainable is benefitable while saving the money in the future. The cooling systems consume a lot of energy and that is not good for fossil-fuels combustion and for that reason the struggle is to minimize the energy consumtion for coolong. ECOLOGIC if the energy use for cooling is limited the benefits for natural environment may be noticed in the future. For that criterion the need is for using as much from natural possibilities as possible. VISUAL the building is not a very strong eye-catching piont in the neighbourhood, so the visual aspect does not play a big role in our changes. Although it is not one of the most important criterions and suggestions change it a bit the piont was to make the building more attractive than it is today. SOCIAL as long as it is a social housing venture we need to keep the function and inprove the conditions for the occupants to have better felling while spedning time home and improvements on the courtyard are supposed to encourage them to spend more time together.
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| PROPOSALS |
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|WIND CATCHER
|FLEX-BRICK
The additional structure at the rooftop designed to change the main wind direction at the area (south and southern-west<the hot air mass coming from Africa) and cool it down to allow the occupants to let cool air in to their flats. The cooling is possible thanks to the plants and system of water sarkling pipes.
Existing system improved by new brick design is installed instead of the already installed aluminium panels. That is to create shadow for better cooling of the houses. The special properties of new designed brick will make it more efficent. What is more the outer shell is going to be extended to another walls to supplement the wind catchers' efficiency by creating required pressure differences.
|GREEN WALL
Designed to cast more shadow at the courtyard. The 50% of it thanks to its' construction: half open and half closed. That will create a nice and cooler atmosphere because will stop sunlight from heating the conctere tiles at the floor. It is supposed to limit the incoming hot air mass from blowing out already cooled air inside. It is also a supplementary additional structure cooperating with already grown tress.
WIND CATCHER
FUNDAMENTALS The wind blowing in the neighbourhood comes from south and southern-west most often. The task was to change its direction and direct it down the small patio, where it was supposed to be cooled down by shade, and then spread to the courtyard. The development had shown that some improvements have to be made, and for that reason the final proposal consists of: frame, windproof textile, system of enginer running the system, plants and supporting net and system of pipes sparkling water.
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EVOLUTION OF SHAPE I
The truss with fixed textile at the rooftop. The triangular shape of the textile with sharp edge in the middle.
II
The triangular textile installed at the fixed circle acting like the train railings. Wheels are integral part of the triangle.
PROS
CONS
PROS
CONS
+ light structure
- big usage of metal beams
+ rotation possibility
- biger usage of metal beams
+ stiff construction thanks to the triangular forms
- no rotationg facility, and even though the main direction of incoming air mass is from south that is no doubt it also may come from the other angle
+ less influance on the building appereacne
- no engines and rotation ability may result in opoosite to the wind direction turning of the structure = no wind will come inside
+ no engines = no energy use
+ no engines = no energy use
- fragile structure
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III
Change of the textile shape to the rounded one. Installation of the engines preventing unwanted rotation.
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Final shape. Only the pillars will be installed at the rooftop and fabric is fixed at the plan of square in the corners to the pillars.
PROS
CONS
PROS
+ rotation possibility
- use of energy to run single parts of the system
+ small use of metal construction resistable to wind forces
- the diameter of 6.1 m may be to big for the installation
+ big sufrace of the fabrick = full square
+ bigger wind catching surface + smooth appereance, no sharp edges
+ light structure + ability to change due to the current wind + only 4 engines can run the whole structure + stays at the right position
FINAL SOLUTION 9
ADJUSTABILITY AND ENGINES
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ENGINES 4 engines will run the system. That will use the external energy, but at the same time imrove the efficency of the system. When systems works effectively the costs on single cooling machines already installed in the flats will lower because of the limitation of their use.
+ the whole system works in conjuction + 4 engines for one building
PRESSURE ADJUSTMENT When the wind is directed down to the patio the pressure inside rises. To avoid too high pressure we are proposing the anstallation of light panels above the doors leading at the external corridors. When the pressure exceeds secure levels the panels will be automatically lifted under the force of incoming air.
+ passive solution = no energy use + no infuelce on the building appereance + no high-pressure and draught in the patio
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PLANTS
IVYS Underneath the fabric the support made of U-profiles is supporting the fine net. That is designed to give the plant the possibility to grow above the patio and cast shadow. Additionally the water sprinkers will moisturize the incoming air and with the cooperation with shadow lower the temperature.
+ natural look and action + the water used for damping the area comes from waste water (grey water)
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FLEX BRICK
COMMERCIAL SOLUTION The existing commercial solution. It may be used for elevations, facades and roofs. Espacially designed bricks are hanged from the top and are tied together with wires. Our solutions introduce some improvements with the colour and finishing of the elements.
FUNDAMENTALS Today's covering of the outer shell of the building is made of aluminium panels. Due to the natural properties of the metals they can conduct heat very fast and effectively, so that is causing overheating because of radiation, even though it casts shadow to the corridors. Our modifications is to change the non-profitable material to more heat resistant one. The choice was to install FLEX BRICKs.
COLOUR AND GLAZING The new designed brick is based on the one proposed by the company. Our proposal is to paint it white from the outside, so that it will reflect the light and not gain as much heat. The glazing from the outside will additionally improve cooling possibility of the brick. Non-glazed surface from the inside will contain damp from the air and glazing will minimize the losses on that dampness due to the evaporation. The brick in the inside is also with natural clay colour, more eye-frendly than blinding illuminated white.
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DIFFERENCES OF DENSITY
DENSITY OF THE BRICKS IN THE DIFFERENT ORIENTATIONS As explained before, the main direction of the wind is pushing the air from the south-west. This mass of air is very hot, because is coming from Africa, in the south of Spain, and in combination of the sun, wich worst direction is the south and also the south-west, make this orientation a nightmare for the inhabitants of the flat. Since this data is known, we will regulate the solar radiation and the amount of air that crosses the outer shell changing the density of the bricks that are hanging in the facade. The system is the same, just the holes of the bricks will be changed. With this changes in the outer shell, we solve the problem without modifying the aspect of the building.
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PRESSURE DIFFERENCES
EXISTING SITUATION
FUTURE SITUATION
without the extension of the outer shell the pressure of incoming air pushes hot air mass inside the flats on the western side. Even if the wind catchers are cooling the air and pushing it down, the force of wind is stronger than the pressure inside.
with the extension of the outer shell the pressure is located differently: closed space at the western wall will stop the first hit of the air and create neutral pressure: the barrier which will allow the internal pressure of cooled air to fly through the flats even at the side of incoming wind.
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GREEN WALL - ECO MESH GREEN WALL - ECO MESH As menctioned before, the hot air mass coming from Africa, from the south and south-west is not good for the confort of the inhabitants. We will create a confortable courtyard in between the two buildings, and this air will be cooled down by the trees that already exist -only need to grow up-. But then, the air coming from the south is pushing this mass of fresh air outside of the courtyard. To prevent this fact, we will install a green wall in the south face of the courtyard. After having considered different solutions for the wall -in Amsterdam we can find walls made to stop the wind, with glass-, this solution, in madrid, could supose people dying. The greenhouse effect would be destructive for the vegetation in the inside of othe courtyard. With the instalation, only the 50% of the air can go through the wall, and this 50 % will be cooled down thanks to the vegetation and the pipes with water that are emiting vapor.
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GREEN WALL - ECO MESH Not only the wind will be avoid with this solution. The sun, also a big problem in the south face, would be heating up the concrete in the floor, and this heat would be being emited to the air during the night. With the green wall, we create a huge amount of shadow that, in combination of the trees, will generate almost 70% of the courtyard in the shadow, creating then a very confortable place to habitate by the users of the building. As its name says, this is building used for social housing, so this kind of low-cost solutions to solve the problems of over heating are all positive.
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SCHEMES OF FUNCTIONALITY As we can see in the schemes above, the wall will be suported by a set of vertical pillars -I profiles- attached together with reinforcements, and attached to the foundations in the floor -1. The face with vegetation will be the exterior, to have light enough to grow, and the interior face will be covered, in order to hide the structure and the different water tanks for the pots.
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CONSTRUCTIVE PROCESS OF THE GREEN WALL 1
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292,5
SET OF DETAILS 1. WIND CATCHERS
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Next, we will expose the thechnical drawings of all the parts of the project. The different sets of drawings are divided in: 1. Drawings and details of the Wind Catchers 2. Drawings and details of the Bricks outer shell 3. Drawings of the green wall
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CURRENT SITUATION OF THE PATIO - SECTION
FUTURE SITUATION OF THE PATIO - SECTION 21
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FUTURE SITUATION OF THE PATIO - FRONT
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SET OF DETAILS
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2. BRICKS FACADE
CURRENT SITUAITON OF THE OUTER SHELL
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FUTURE SITUAITON OF THE OUTER SHELL
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SET OF DETAILS
PLANT CRATE
MESH WITH PLANTS, WELDED TO THE I-BEAM
FUTURE SITUATION OF THE GREEN WALL
SCREW
I-BEAM 400 MM
I-BEAM 330 MM
CLOSED PROFILE
SUPPLIES (WATER CONTAINERS)
PLYWOOD 22 MM
SCREW
3. GREEN WALL
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