3 2 T N E M ASSIGN
THE NEW NOR MAL:
A N A LYS I S A N D ADAPTATION OF EXISTING RESIDENTIAL HOUSING IN THE POST-COVID AGE TO THE EMERGING MULTIFUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS. ANALYSIS OF URBAN HOUSING IN SPAIN AND ITS ADAPTATION TO WORK FROM HOME
THE SURVEY
MC Mela Corral Design Studio
MARIA DEL CARMEN CORRAL LODEIRO 1 72546664
INDEX PROLOGUE
3
TASK 1
4
TASK 2
9
TASK 3
23
REFERENCES
46
MARIA DEL CARMEN CORRAL LODEIRO 72546664
2
PROLOGUE The survey is a systematic search for information in which the researcher asks the respondents about the data they want to obtain and then collects these individual data in order to obtain gathered information during the evaluation. The aim of the survey is to "collect information on variables involved in the survey in an organized and efficient manner and on a particular population or sample; the unique property of the survey, contrary to all the other interview methods, is that all respondents are asked the same questions, in the same order and in a similar social position; in order to make sure that local discrepancies appear.
3
MARIA DEL CARMEN CORRAL LODEIRO 72546664
TASK 1 MARIA DEL CARMEN CORRAL LODEIRO 72546664
4
The data collection method chosen is the quantitative questionnaire distributed through social networks (Facebook and Twitter). The questionnaire includes questions relating to the occupation and employment situation of the persons surveyed, the characteristics of the dwelling, the possible existence of issues of a different nature in the dwelling, the use of space during the lockdown, and what improvements would be made. In addition, there are a number of specific questions for people who work or study remotely, either on a regular basis or because of confinement. These questions relate to the suitability of their home for remote work or home-based study, which quality is influenced by various factors, such as natural lighting, quality Internet access or background noise, among many others. In addition, some survey forms have been delivered specifically, following a phone call, to 25 interior designers. The goal of the questions is to find out if there has been an rise in demand for services and what the needs of clients are in this new situation, with a focus on housing.
UNIVERSE
Spanish general population over the age of eighteen.
SCOPE Social media PROCEDURE Online survey. SURVEY TIME 5 minutes. DATES OF SURVEY WORK sep 24-30/2020. MARIA DEL CARMEN CORRAL LODEIRO 72546664
5
The bene t of the online survey is that it allows access to a huge number of people at low cost and high speed, features that are di cult to achieve in the surveys conducted (Ilieva et al., 2002). Research by Pratesi et al. (2004) with national samples shows that half of the questionnaires are retrieved after four days, much faster than traditional mail surveys. In addition, Internet-based surveys overcome physical barriers to respondent access, while providing access to people who are very busy and/or di cult to reach with face-to - face and telephone surveys, given the high number of empty households during most of the day.
ffi
fi
ff
fi
fi
ff
MARIA DEL CARMEN CORRAL LODEIRO 72546664 ffi
fi
The selected tool was Google Forms, which allows the inclusion of numerous types of questions, including short responses, paragraphs, multiple choice, checkboxes, dropdown, linear scale, multiple choice grid‌ It also allows you to display the responses graphically in real time, and allows you to export .csv to edit the results into the database of your choice. I chose distribution through my Twitter and Facebook accounts because, considering the actual conditions of the pandemic it was the most appropriate way to share the document. This made it faster and simpler to spread and gather feedback and data from study participants.
As for the pro le of the chosen audience, I considered all users over the age of 18, while some respondents might be under the speci ed age. I also treated and valued their response, however, as it provides data on their home study space which is inherently valuable for this study. The most important advantages of the Internet survey are its high speed, which allows for a substantial reduction in eldwork; the enhancement of the answer due to the possibility of adding audiovisual elements in the questionnaire which make it easier to read and react, and the lower cost of the study due to the absence of panellists (Compared to face-to-face surveys and by telephone). Perhaps the key disadvantages are distribution errors, higher sample randomness and lower response time. About the characteristics of the surveyed demographic, as pointed By Du y, it is important to note that this form of study enables greater participation of people who do not agree with other approaches, people who are very active, more individualistic and have a higher education degree. (Du y et al., 2005). As for the negative elements of the Internet study, the lack of trust in network security should be noted, which is a critical factor for those groups that are not comfortable with it (Manfreda and Vehovar, 2008). Fig. 5 Julliard/ Elle Decor (2020) [photograph]
6
As in traditional postal surveys, there is uncertainty regarding the respondent's identity and the possible in uence of others on the questionnaire completion. More recent work, such as that performed by Heerwegh and Loosveldt (2009), analyzes the e ect of the various types of interaction on the consistency of the online survey response and the new tasks that the respondent has to do in this sort of survey. Nonverbal communication plays a signi cant role in face-to-face survey, which requires less cognitive energy. By requiring certain activities to be done (watching tv, listening to the radio, etc.), the telephone survey may lead to a lack of consistency in the response. In the internet survey, this impact would be stronger due to the interviewee's increased cognitive e ort, needing to read the questions and responses (not just listen like in the telephone and face-to - face test), grasp the measurements used, read the directions for how to respond etc. In other words, the non-verbal contact aid falls from the face-to face survey and the mobile survey examination tools, and needs more commitment from the interviewee (Tourangeau et al., 2000; Japec, 2006).
Fig. 5 Julliard/ Elle Decor (2020) [photograph]
fi
ff
ff
fi
MARIA DEL CARMEN CORRAL LODEIRO 72546664 fl
Using the chosen approach, it is possible to create an analysis of the evolution of the situation being surveyed about, repeating the study on certain dates and analyzing responses, but in order to do so it would be necessary to collect a larger sample, more than the 280 valid answers received in this initial survey. Nevertheless, I am satis ed with the responses received, as they reveal relevant and fairly representative responses to the degree of resilience of the average residence in Spain in relation to the New Normal.
7
SURVEY FORM Click here
MARIA DEL CARMEN CORRAL LODEIRO 72546664
8
TASK 2 MARIA DEL CARMEN CORRAL LODEIRO 72546664
9
THE RESULTS 10
RESPONDANTS PROFILE Employee
183
Selfemployed/ contractor
23
Unemployed Student
164
46
Married/In a relationship
13
Widow
Retired
7
Total
1 Employment situation.
101 15
8
Total
Single Separated/ Divorced
ERTE
5 % 3 % 3 %
2 Marital status
59 %
5 %
0
Employee Unemployed ERTE
280
Single Separated/Divorced Married/In a relationship Widow
Self-employed/contractor Student Retired
Fig 1. Employment situation
5 % Alone
102
2
59
107
3
61
Feminine
173
4 or more
13
Total
280
Total
280
22 % 38 % 3 Gender
4 Cohabitation 62 %
Fig 4 cohabitation
Fig 2. Gender
16 %
45
1 Masculine
36 %
65 %
Fig 3. Marital status
280
16 %
8 %
36 %
21 % Feminine
MARIA DEL CARMEN CORRAL LODEIRO 72546664
Masculine
Alone
1
2
3
4 or more 11
61 %
HOUSING PROFILE Owned
1
21
170
2
77
12
3
124
280
4
46
Other Total
Fig. 5 tennancy Unknown
25
B. 1940
5 or more
5
Studio
7
Total
59
1941-1960
18
1981-2010
135
A. 2010
35 280
Fig. 7 building year
14
41-75 m2
92
76-100 m2 101- 200 m2
54
>200 m2
44 % 1 2 3 4 5 or more Studio
2 % 35 %
16 % 39 %
21 % 19 %
Unknown After 2010 1981-2010 1961-1980 1941-1960 B. 1940
7 Building year
6 % 3 %
4 %
8 Surface
>200 m2 101-200 m2 76-100 m2 41-75 m2 41-75 m2
5 %
9 % 33 %
13 %
11 280
44 %
10 %
Fig.8 Surface
1
6
2
38
3
47
1
117
4
65
2
134
5 or more
124
3 or more
Total
280
Total
29 280
Fig. 10 bathrooms
MARIA DEL CARMEN CORRAL LODEIRO 72546664 fl
109
6 Bedrooms
3 %
4 %
48 %
<40 m2
Total
Fig.9 building floors
Owned Rent Other
8 %
280
Fig. 6 bedrooms
8
1961-1980
Total
5 Tennancy
98
Rent
28 %
1 2 3 23 % 4 5 or more
9 Building oors
2 %
10 Bathrooms
14 % 48 % 17 %
42 %
1 2 3 12
HOUSING PROBLEMS Damps and/or leaks
63
Poor natural lightning
30
Poor ventilation
23
Accessibility problems (lift, etc)
43
Structural problems (cracks)
45
Thermal and/or acoustic Isolation
Damps/leaks Lightning Ventilation Accesibility None Structural Thermoacoustic 11 % Heating/Cooling Other Connectivity Insects/Rodents 1 % Other None Insects/Rodents
32
Connectivity
43
Insects and/or rodents
24
Other
7
None
56
Lightning 6 % Ventilation 5 %
5 %
11 Problems
Connectivity 9 %
122
Heating/cooling
Damps/leaks 13 %
Structural 9 %
Heating/Cooling 7 % Thermoacoustic 25 %
fig.11 problems 12 No issues
56
1 issue
Accesibility 9 %
Incidence
180
173
2 issues
57
3 issues
50
4 issues
22
5 issues
11
6 or more issues
5
fig 12 incidence MARIA DEL CARMEN CORRAL LODEIRO 72546664
135 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 or more
90 45 0 detected issues
13
USE OF SPACE DURING LOCKDOWN
60 %
15 Using of spaces under lockdown. Adaptions
16 COVID-19 patient isolation readiness
Yes
No variations. Same use of space.
166
Variations for new activities
87
Variations for regular activities
27
Yes, with adaptions
Fig. 15 Use of spaces during lockdown- adaptions 8 % No
Isolated and 2m distance Exclusive airy room guaranteed bathroom Yes
32 %
168
150
131
Yes, with adaptions
65
58
25
No
47
72
124
No variations. Same use of space. Variations for new activities Variations for regular activities
0
45
90
135
180
Isolated and airy room 2m distance guaranteed Exclusive bathroom
Fig. 16 COVID-19 patient isolation readiness No 17 % Yes, with adaptions 23 %
Isolated and airy room
Exclusive bathroom
2m distance guaranteed No 26 %
Yes 60 %
No 44 % Yes, with adaptions 9 %
Yes 47 %
Yes 54 % Yes, with adaptions 21 % 14
MARIA DEL CARMEN CORRAL LODEIRO 72546664
USE OF SPACE DURING LOCKDOWN Do not have. Living room
Spent more time
Spent less time
No changes
160
14
53
1
173
14
92
Dining Room
78
93
15
94
Studio/O ce
119
96
21
44
3
97
34
146
Terrace/garden/ backyard
154
76
6
44
Balcony
135
78
6
61
111
31
12
126
Bedroom
Other spaces
Living room
Kitchen
12 % 13 %
Living room
41 %
33 %
34 % Kitchen
Dining room
16 %
Dining Room
8 %
43 %
Bedroom
35 % 52 %
Terrace/garden/backyard
12 % Balcony
Balcony
2 %
Terrace et al. 2 %
48 %
Other spaces
Do not have.
ffi
ffi
ffi
45
90
135
Spent more time
40 %
180
Spent less time
45 %
11 %
28 % 0
55 %
27 %
4 %
22 % Other
33 %
16 %
1 %
Fig. 14 Use of spaces during lockdown
28 %
34 % 5 %
34 %
Studio/O ce
Bedroom
MARIA DEL CARMEN CORRAL LODEIRO 72546664
62 %
5 %
Studio/o ce
53
Kitchen
14 Using of space during lockdown (Quantitative)
No changes
15
WORKING OR STUDYING FROM HOME Yes, eventually due to COVID-19
19 Remote work/ study space features 36 %
17 Remote work/ study respondents
102
Yes, normally
55
No
20 %
Good natural lightning
Suitable power switching
12 %
25 %
123
fig. 17 Remote work/study respondents Shared use
79
Independent use
62
No
16
44 %
Suitable furnishings
111
46
Suitable power switching
118
39
Bearable ambient noise
101
56
Cords outside the transit paths
106
51
Good natural lightning
138
Good internet connection
146
68 %
MARIA DEL CARMEN CORRAL LODEIRO 72546664
71 %
Good Internet connection
18 Remote work/ study space
Bearable ambient noise
7 %
19
36 %
10 %
Fig. 19Remote work/ study space features
29 %
32 %
50 %
no
Suitable furnishings
Free-cords path
Yes, eventually due to COVID-19 Yes, normally No
Fig. 18 Remote work/study space yes
75 %
88 %
39 %
11
64 % 93 %
Shared use No
Independent use
yes
No 16
Not needed Have. Relevant
HOUSING EVALUATION
Do not have. Desirable Have. Must Have
13 Housing evaluation 1 (Quantitative) WFH space
Not needed
WFH space
Do not have. Desirable
Have. Relevant
Have. Must Have
48
77
63
92
5
46
33
196
More surface
39
133
45
63
Better thermal or acoustic isolation
18
138
35
89
More independent spaces
34
More bathrooms
62
Multifunctional space
59
Integrated Kitchen
53
63
94
70
Outdoor space
8
164
21
87
Internet connection
8
15
40
217
Good orientation and solar exposure
Domotics
Good orientation and solar exposure
More surface
Better thermal or acoustic isolation
More independent spaces
More bathrooms 128
46
72 Versatility
84
58
76 Integrated Kitchen
117
48
56 Outdoor space
Internet connection
Domotics 167
60
35
Fig 13 Housing evaluation I - relevant features MARIA DEL CARMEN CORRAL LODEIRO 72546664
18 0
75
150
225
300 17
HOUSING EVALUATION I (STATISTICAL) 28 %
17 %
12 % 16 %
WFH space
23 % 2 %
Good orientation and solar exposure
14 %
More surface
70 %
3 %
25 % 31 % Integrated kitchen
12 %
16 %
23 %
32 %
34 %
78 % Internet Connection 59 %
8 %
16 % 26 %
27 %
3 % 5 % 30 %
More bathrooms
14 % 22 %
23 % 6 %
49 %
13 %
21 % 42 % Versatility
Domotics 21 %
More independent spaces
21 %
Outdoor space
19 %
46 %
48 %
6 %
60 % 20 % 17 %
Better thermal or acoustic insulation
13 %
Not needed Do not have. Desirable Have. Relevant Have. Must Have
32 % 18
POSSIBLE CHANGES TO CONSIDER
20 What respondents would change?
Possible remodellings/ adaptions?
no 45 %
yes 55 %
Kitchen/Living integration
39
New bathroom
18
Multifunctional space
120
Change the furniture layout
80
No changes considered
62
Full renovation
16
Terrace/Balcony makeover
60
Change furniture layout yes 37 %
no 63 %
Multifunctional space
no 45 %
yes 55 %
New bathroom yes 8 % no 92 %
fig.20 What respondents would change? Kitchen/Living integration
yes 7 %
yes 18 % no 82 % MARIA DEL CARMEN CORRAL LODEIRO 72546664
Full renovation
no 93 %
Terrace/Balcony makeover
37 % no 63 % 19
Increased Decreased No changes
PROFESSIONALS ANSWER
No changes 16 %
Yes, it increased
21
Yes, it decreased
0
No changes
4
21 Demand
fig.21 Has your demand for work changed due to the COVID-19? Increased 84 %
Hospitality & Commercial Regular/2nd homes Both
Hospitality & Commercial
22 Spaces
2
Regular homes and second homes.
17
Both
6
fig 22 In what type of spaces did the demand for your services increase?
0
MARIA DEL CARMEN CORRAL LODEIRO 72546664
4,5
9
13,5
18
20
Requests
COMMON REQUESTS Integration of kitchen and living room
23 Common requests (Quantitative) 24
Integration of kitchen and living room Bathroom renovation
Bathroom renovation
16
Kitchen renovation
22
Kitchen renovation
New furnishings
19
New furnishings
Multifunctional living room
16
Multifunctional living room
Full renovation/new layout
3
Full renovation/new layout
WFH space
13
Terrace or balcony renovations
19
Thermoacoustic solutions & energetic performance
23
Antibacterial fabrics & materials. Improve cross-ventilation.
WFH space Terrace or balcony renovations Thermoacoustic solutions & energetic performance
9
Antibacterial fabrics & materials.
16 Improve cross-ventilation.
Lightning & Domotics
14 Lightning & Domotics
Fig 23 In the field of residential housing: what are the most common requests?
MARIA DEL CARMEN CORRAL LODEIRO 72546664
0
8
15
23
30
21
COMMON REQUESTS (STATISTICAL) Integration of kitchen and living room 12 % Lightning & Domotics 7 %
Bathroom renovation 8 %
Improve cross-ventilation. 8 %
Antibacterial fabrics & materials. 5 %
Thermoacoustic solutions & energetic performance 12 % Integration of kitchen and living room Bathroom renovation Kitchen renovation New furnishings Multifunctional living room Terrace or Full renovation/new layout WFH space Terrace or balcony renovations Thermoacoustic solutions & energetic performance Antibacterial fabrics & materials. Improve cross-ventilation. Lightning & Domotics
balcony renovations 10 %
Kitchen renovation 11 % 24 Requests New furnishings 10 %
Multifunctional living room 8 % Full renovation/new layout 2 % WFH space 7 % 22
TASK 3 MARIA DEL CARMEN CORRAL LODEIRO 72546664
23
ANALYSIS 24
The most common profile of opinions gathered in this survey is that of women over 18 years of age, married or living with a partner. 73 % of the respondents are working. Overall, the regular housing used for this span is over 75 m2 and has been built or renovated in the last 40 years. It is a property with three bedrooms and two bathrooms and/or toilets, and it is their regular home. As for the sample collected, major urban importance was determined by the primary mode of distribution (Twitter, with an approximate average of 4.4 million users in Spain in 2019 (Fernรกndez, 2020). Some aspects of the overall housing conditions have a major in uence on the level of comfort of the respondents. At least 25% of homes have issues with thermal or acoustic insulation. 13 per cent present leakage, humidity, about 10 per cent present cracks in the walls, ceiling, 9 per cent of homes su er from connectivity problems or are not tted with appropriate accessibility features, such as access ramps for disabled people or lifts.
fi
fi
fi
ff
fl
Respondents state that the assets of their homes have made it possible to introduce protective measures in the event that anyone in their home is contaminated with COVID-19, and if we look at the percentage values, the resilience of the home to the new circumstance triggered by the enclosure has been positively evaluated. However, the lack of an exclusive bathroom for the people affected is noticeable and, in 25 % of cases, there is no way to preserve the social distance inside the home under safety conditions.
25
MARIA DEL CARMEN CORRAL LODEIRO 72546664
With the same percentage of 9%, we nd certain structural issues in buildings and houses, such as faulty materials. 7 % of respondents identi ed problems with the quality of heating or cooling of their homes. 6 per cent reported a need for natural light and 5 per cent reported little to no adequate ventilation. In a minority of cases, less than 5%, dwellings have issues with insects or rodents, or some kind of supply. Just 11 per cent state they have none of the problems shown in this report.
As regards the use of space during the lockdown, the Absolute Kings were the kitchen and living room, as thousands of Instagram publications attest, where literally millions of people posted images and videos of cooking, working, sports, studying ... etc. One of the major weaknesses of typical Spanish urban housing has been identified: the absence of an outdoor terrace or balcony in about half of the homes, which, while it existed in the original layout, has in many cases been closed to increase the amount of m2 living in the homes. The lack of an exclusive place to study or work from home in 45 per cent of homes is also important. Respondents suggested the importance of good orientation and exposure to sunshine, as well as internet access. Almost 60 per cent would like to enjoy outdoor space, half of them would like to have more living space or more independent rooms, or to make their home space more adaptable and flexible. 49 per cent estimate the need to strengthen thermoacoustic insulation, and 30 per cent would like to see more bathrooms. As far as home automation is concerned, the people surveyed do not feel that this is important at the moment. Perhaps this pattern will shift remarkably in a few years with the advent of 5 G and other emerging technologies.
The most requested improvement, in 63% of cases, relates to a change in furniture layout followed by 55%, which applies to more versatile spaces. Almost all of them seem to be in favour of adding an additional bathroom or merging the kitchen and living room. There is a considerable shortage of outdoor space, such as a terrace, a patio, etc. Half of the respondents' houses do not have these spaces, and 37% of the respondents would be glad to enjoy this kind of space. A small number of respondents, 7%, would like their home to be fully renovated.
26
MARIA DEL CARMEN CORRAL LODEIRO 72546664
In general, as a result of experiences of confinement, those people interviewed would change their homes. Some 55 % of respondents would make improvements to their residences. It should be noted that the response to the change request is very heterogeneous among the respondents. This is highly influenced by the pattern of tenancy (own or rented) or the job status of the respondents.
As for working or studying from home, 56 per cent of respondents state they are in this situation, either on a daily basis (20 per cent) or on a COVID-19 basis (36 per cent). Normally, the space allocated to these tasks is shared for other uses (50 per cent), followed in percentage by 39 per cent of users who have space only to study or work at a distance. Ten percent of them have found that their home doesn't have enough space for it. As to the characteristics of their post of WFH or study, I have found that on average they generally meet the necessary requirements, although there are elements that can be easily improved, such as the ambient noise (derived both from the common use of rooms) and the ventilation of the house, a more comfortable furniture or a better electrical layout to avoid cables in the pathways.
In the building area, several interventions have been carried out to correct the problems of thermal acoustic insulation and to improve cross ventilation. The absolute kings of the summer renovations were the kitchens and bathrooms, followed by the terraces or balconies, and the adaptation of multifunctional spaces to work or study easily from home. They have carried out home automation or lighting upgrades, renovated furniture and offered guidance on new anti-microbial products. A small number, 2%, corresponds to a complete renovation of the dwelling.
Fig. 5 Julliard/ Elle Decor (2020) [photograph]
MARIA DEL CARMEN CORRAL LODEIRO 72546664
The questionnaire was also sent to and successfully completed by 25 interior designers , architects and construction and renovation professionals in the Madrid region. Both of them answered the three basic questions. Indeed, during the summer time and coinciding with the deescalation of confinement, there has been a general increase in demand for improvements in Spanish households, and not so noticeable in commercial establishments and hospitality, to conform to the health requirements implemented by COVID-19.
27
I decided to go further and look for a comparison to the data collected through survey of professionals. I found details on the web again that confirmed this pattern. According to the article published in the web-based edition of the newspaper ABC, 'After imprisonment, many Spaniards have preferred this summer to change their homes instead of going on holidays, to the point that twice as many reform works have been carried out, mostly in kitchens and outdoor spaces, according to the website “Aquí tu Reforma,” pioneer in the reform and rehabilitation of housing. (Valero, J.C., 2020). The provinces of Madrid and Barcelona, with 17 per cent and 12 per cent respectively, account for almost 30 per cent of the renovations carried out during August, according to the latest data on the Spanish refurbishment sector released by the Habitissimo Website. (Please see the study here). The CEO of the "Aquí tu reforma" agency, Francisco Morán, noted that the number of requests for change after confinement had risen with 712 requests for estimates. This reflects an increase of 56% compared to the summer of 2019 and an increase of 9% compared to June. "A month in which we have already started to encounter a growing interest in the reform of housing.”
However, bars and restaurants face a dark future that will lead to the closing of thousands of businesses that have seen their turnover fall by 70% (Florio, 2020) except for those few companies that enjoy greater economic support and can make a substantial investment in remodeling the premises so that they can adjust to the COVID-19 economic situation. The Coworking Centers had no better luck, decreased by 90% in 2020 compared to the previous year and returned to the 2012 rate. Yet they expect to rebound next year.We have to find a way of attracting certain clients, independent workers and small business users who are unwilling to pay for another room without specific security assurances. (Sobrino, R., in 2020).
Fig. 5 Julliard/ Elle Decor (2020) [photograph]
MARIA DEL CARMEN CORRAL LODEIRO 72546664
Kitchens and partial modifications that involve kitchen and conditioning of exterior spaces are the most requested changes, according to the Habitaclia portal. They account for about 60 percent of the total number of requests. Integral improvements, for their part, have also increased, accounting for 25 % of total requests. (Habitaclia, 2020) .
28
RECOMMENDATIONS MARIA DEL CARMEN CORRAL LODEIRO 72546664
29
“A WOMAN MUST HAVE MONEY AND A ROOM OF HER OWN IF SHE IS TO WRITE FICTION.” ― VIRGINIA WOOLF, A ROOM OF ONE'S OWN
30
Nowadays, science and technology, creativity and design have achieved their fullest significance in these times of unrest and confusion, being the core elements for generating peace of mind and stability in our society in its broadest sense. Never before has it been so important to reach out to the industry, commercial and public sectors and to rethink the materials, furniture and space in our surroundings. Addressing its redesign from the requisite technical advancement of materials, sustainability and the circular economy, to the very sense of them including the behavioral design of space users.
MARIA DEL CARMEN CORRAL LODEIRO 72546664
Fig.1 unknown (2020) [illustration] Fig. 5 Julliard/ Elle Decor (2020) [photograph]
31
Resilience
During isolation, all psychologists advised the necessary delimitation of spaces inside the home to prevent boredom, saturation and the difficulty of disconnection. This is more complicated in big cities where people live in small spaces, where it is very hard to discern between work and daily space. Configurable furniture would be of great importance in smaller private spaces, helping the wellbeing of the individual (and his or her family) by spreading the new spaces needed to distinguish between work and leisure time (home office, home gym, home theater, etc.). Our homes can be a powerful weapon in the fight against contagion.
In the future home, form will follow infection.
Guallart Architects (2020) [Illustration]
SELF-SUFFICIENT CITY BY SPANISH STUDIO GUALLART ARCHITECTS IS A CONCEPT FOR A HOUSING DEVELOPMENT IN XIONG'AN NEW AREA, CHINA, WHICH WOULD BE ABLE TO PRODUCE ITS OWN ENERGY AND FOOD DURING ANOTHER CORONAVIRUS LOCKDOWN. GUALLART ARCHITECTS INCLUDED GREENHOUSES FOR GROWING FOOD, LARGE SLOPING ROOFS COVERED IN SOLAR PANELS, AND WORKSHOPS FILLED WITH 3D-PRINTERS IN ITS DESIGN. (BLOCK, I., 2020)
32
Fig.2 Guallart Architects (2020) [illustration]
⽞関
I TA L I A N S T U D I O C A R LO R AT T I A S S O C I A T I H A S D E S I G N E D A CONCEPT FOR A BATTERY-POWERED WARDROBE PURIFIER THAT USES OZONE TO REMOVE BACTERIA AND VIRUSES FROM THE USER'S CLOTHES. THE PURA PORTABLE CASE CAN BE PLACED IN A HALLWAY OR INSIDE A CLOSET AND WILL BE MADE FROM RECYCLED FIBRES, WHICH WILL BE COATED TO KEEP THE OZONE INSIDE THE CASE DURING THE SANITISATION PROCESS. ACCORDING TO THE STUDIO, THE CASE USES OZONE TO REMOVE AN ESTIMATED 98 PER CENT OF MICROORGANISMS, BACTERIA AND VIRUSES FROM THE USER'S CLOTHES AND FABRIC ITEMS CONTAINED INSIDE WITHIN ONE HOUR. (HITTI, 2020)
Genkan [ˈɡɛŋkɑn]
Fig.4 Carlo Ratti Associatti (2020) [illustration]
MUDROOMS WILL NOW BECOME ESSENTIAL In a pandemic free world, people spend 90% of their time outdoors. It is usually where we work, shop and goes to school, unfortunately, we aren’t the only ones. Numerous strong pathogens and germs exist outside, which can be brought in our homes. A mudroom area is a great way to mitigate all of the germs we come into contact with while out in public. Mudrooms are a perfect area where we can drop the items we brought from the outside before transferring the on different parts of our home. Take shoes for example, in the mudroom area, shoe cabinets can be placed. The germs from the shoes would not spread inside the home. In interior design, mudrooms are the transition space between the outdoors and inside of our home.
(plural genkans or genkan) The entryway to a Japanese house, where street shoes are removed and houseshoes put on before entering the house, and houseshoes removed and street shoes put on before leaving the house. (Wiktionary, 2020)
Fig.3 Unknown (2020) [illustration]
33
There is a pattern related to the lack of outdoor space in half of the households surveyed, which is simplified by the so-called "nature deficit situation" coined by Richard Louv in 2008 in his book "The Last Child in the Woods" (Que, 2014). "Rita Gasalla, a specialist in sustainable design, encourages the integration of nature through living plants inside buildings: it has the beneficial effects of biophilia in addition to p r o d u c i n g ox y g e n a n d removing carbon dioxide and soil pollutants: being surrounded by plants improves the physical and mental well-being of people and makes them more creative, productive and satisfied." (Revilla, 2020).
Biophilia
Fig.5 Unknown (2020) [Photograph]
34
After the Covid-19, we saw that houses tend to adjust their distribution, but also their functionality and outlook, in order to guarantee a minimum level of efficiency, considering health values. One standard of housing, however is crucial to achieving these criteria, which is the removal of architectural barriers in favor of improved accessibility. Once the pandemic is already overcome, we will return to housing styles that are reminiscent of those already built at the beginning of the 20th century, where health has been promoted by generating large areas that have increased the standards for ventilation and lighting. Teleworking has been a large number of people, but have we done so in good conditions? It is necessary to retain teleworking as a long-term option, to have an optimum location, even in isolation, with natural light and the right furniture. According to Vitra (2020) Working and learning from home brings with it a cognitive challenge: finding focus in chaos. Rooms and daily routines have to be rethought to maximise productivity. Is my workspace soundproof for online meetings? Does my chair facilitate ergonomic sitting for hours on end? Can I vary my working position during the day with a height-adjustable table or by relocating to different settings within the home? (Vitra, 2020)
Fig.6 Vitra(2020) [Photograph]
35
Although the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) have been hailed as the future for years, the sudden focus on health-centric innovations since COVID is set to accelerate the adoption of intelligent technologies across homes, schools, businesses and even public spaces. In fact, amid the global crisis and economic recession, the voice and speech recognition technology market is projected to grow by a staggering $16 billion over the next eight years. (Els, 2020)
Fig.7 Shutterstock (2020) [Illustration]
5G Smart ecosystem WITH DOMOTICS, WHICH HAD ITS BEGINNINGS IN THE '70S, BUILDINGS AND SINGLE-FAMILY HOMES CAN BE AUTOMATED TO WORK ON THEIR OWN. THE IDEA IS TO ACHIEVE GREATER COMFORT, SECURITY, ENERGY EFFICIENCY, AND IMPROVE COMMUNICATION. LIGHTING, SOUND, TELEVISION, TEMPERATURE, AND SECURITY OF THE HOMEWORK AUTOMATICALLY THROUGH DEVICES AND SYSTEMS THAT ARE PROGRAMMED ACCORDING TO THE NEEDS. PRESENCE DETECTORS AND SENSORS ARE INSTALLED TO CONTROL LIGHTING, ALARMS, BLINDS, VENTILATION, AND AUDIO. THIS AVOIDS CONTACT WITH SWITCHES OR CONTROL BUTTONS AND IS IDEAL FOR CORPORATE BUILDINGS WHERE MORE PEOPLE CONGREGATE AND THEREFORE CAN HELP PREVENT CONTAGION. ACCORDING TO ESTRELLA, IN AN AVERAGE HOUSE OF FOUR PEOPLE, UP TO 50,000 ACTIVITIES CAN BE SAVED IN A YEAR WITH AUTOMATION WITH AUTOMATING THE HOME. THE TECHNOLOGY WILL BE KEY TO MAKING TELEWORKING MORE EFFECTIVE AND AVOIDING TOUCHING SURFACES AND THUS REDUCING THE LIKELIHOOD OF MASS INFECTIONS. (CEVALLOS, 2020)
36
A multitude of materials can be used in furniture, such as wood, natural and sustainable materials par excellence, metals such as copper, textiles and vegan leather, plastics, ceramics, natural and synthetic stones, glass, foams, composite materials, etc., which is why cleaning and sanitation must be carried out in the best way for each type of material. The disinfection of closed spaces and the installation of thermal cameras are precautionary steps that are being taken today and could be incorporated into public buildings. Ultraviolet light solutions would be of great importance for the sterilization of structures, objects and materials. The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is investigating UV-C light for its use as a reliable disinfection technique against COVID-19 in various U.S. Navy applications: disinfection of common areas in ships, cabins, on-board instruments, land-based installations, etc. (Alvarez, 2020) There are also tools such as HEPA filter air purifiers that have achieved great results in the safety of interiors. Also domotic systems that allow the opening/closing of doors and windows, the operation of certain switches related to everyday activities, such as turning on the light or marking the floor to which we are going in the lift. Sensors can help us avoid contact with some surfaces by hand.
MARIA DEL CARMEN CORRAL LODEIRO 72546664
Fig.8 Artemide(2020) [Photograph] ARTEMIDE HAS INTRODUCED A NEW TECHNOLOGY THAT POTENTIALLY TURNS ITS LAMPS INTO ROOM SANITISERS, THANKS TO THE TRANSMITTAL OF ANTIVIRAL ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT WHEN PEOPLE ARE NOT AROUND. THE UV LIGHT ACTS EFFECTIVELY AGAINST ALL PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS, WITHOUT HARMING THE SPACE AND INDIVIDUALS SURROUNDING IT. IT CAN ALSO BE USED IN BOTH PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SPACES, IN SMALL SPACES, SUCH AS SERVICE AREAS, ELEVATORS AND WAITING ROOMS, INTERMITTENT SANITISATION IS AVAILABLE; WHILE INVISIBLE UV LIGHT CAN POTENTIALLY KILL PATHOGENS, INCLUDING VIRUSES, IT CAN ALSO BE HARMFUL TO HUMANS. HOWEVER, THE BLUE SPECTRUM OF VISIBLE LIGHT CAN ALSO HAVE 37 AN Fig. 5 Julliard/ Elle Decor (2020) [photograph] ANTI-MICROBIAL EFFECT. (ARCMAGAZINE, 2020)
Self-Standing • •
stand-alone building completely separate surrounded by thousands of plants and trees
Shelves and auxiliary furniture will acquire functions as distributors and delimiters of the space. Technology will also be key as a delimiter of public space, through the use of laser beam solutions. By using methodologies such as Building Information Modeling (BIM), the environments and all the sensors built into them can be used.
Hospital-Grade Cleaning • •
• •
Hygienic Materials •
material
Around-the-clock cleaning Hospital-grade sanitization products and methods including UV light All mail and packages sanitized upon arrival
Desks made of Corian - a
• •
Corian - widely used in hospitals - is easily sanitized Touch-free light switches with motion sensors
Hand sanitizer and clean wipes stationed throughout
Clean Air • •
In real time, be followed and consulted. The user can view various parameters in public places through apps which are of great importance in relation to the COVID-19, for example the real-time space capacity in that particular location, air quality and ventilation, population density, etc. Fig.9 Unknown (2020) [Illustration]
•
Filtered, fresh air pumped in directly from the outdoors Airborne contaminants are Hospital-grade MERV-13 air capturing airborne virus and bacteria
Fig.8 Artemide(2020) [Photograph] SECOND HOME HOLLYWOOD IS A REGULAR EXPERIMENT WITH LIVING THINGS THAT ARE NOT HUMANE FOR AN ORDINARY OFFICE WORKER. THE APPROACH TOWARDS NATURE DOES NOT REPRESENT THE ONLY STEP TOWARDS A MORE SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT: VEGETATION DECREASES THE TEMPERATURE AND OFFERS SHADE. THE TRANSPARENT FAÇADE REDUCES THE NEED FOR ARTIFICIAL LIGHT AND HAS 3 OPERATIONAL OPENINGS FOR NATURAL CROSS VENTILATION. HOLLYWOOD'S SECOND HOME REPLACED 90,800 M2 OF ROUGH TERRAIN WITH 70,000 M2 OF LANDSCAPE. WHAT USED TO BE A PARKING LOT IS A GARDEN NOW. THE CORE OF THIS BUILT ENVIRONMENT HAS BEEN RESTORED TO THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT, ONE OF THE FEW PRIVATE DEVELOPMENTS IN HISTORY. (OTT, 2020)
Fig.10 Baan (2020) [Photograph]
MARIA DEL CARMEN CORRAL LODEIRO 72546664
38
Restaurants are a crucial part of our public sphere— hospitality, celebrations, special days, birthdays, and our daily lives. In the midst of this global coronavirus pandemic, when the very life of public space has become both threatening and threatened, the future of the restaurant industry is being called into question and the way forward remains uncertain. One thing we know for sure: restaurants have a vital role to play in our collective post-pandemic future, and in order to be able to return to them safely, they must be encouraged to be active participants in restoring faith. Restaurants will benefit, both in the short and long term, from spatial advice and efficiency as well as creative operations and keep customers safe. Understanding that 'returning to normal' is not feasible on an operational or financial basis, the fundamental spatial relationship between existing food safety protocols needs to be re-examined. US ARCHITECTURE FIRM MASS DESIGN GROUP HAS SUGGESTED THAT RESTAURANTS ADD BARRIERS, REMOVE BAR SEATING AND SEEK LOCAL PRODUCE SOURCES TO CURTAIL THE SPREAD OF INFECTION AND ALLOW PATRONS TO SAFELY EAT OUT FOLLOWING THE CORONAVIRUS LOCKDOWN. “THE STUDIO'S RESEARCH, CALLED SPATIAL STRATEGIES FOR RESTAURANTS IN RESPONSE TO COVID-19, (CLICK TO ACCESS) COMPRISES DIAGRAMS AND CASE STUDIES THAT DETAIL POTENTIAL PHYSICAL ALTERATIONS FOR RESTAURANTS THAT KEEP BOTH EMPLOYEES AND GUESTS SAFE FROM THE SPREAD OF DISEASE.” (KLEIN, 2020).
MARIA DEL CARMEN CORRAL LODEIRO 72546664
Fig.11 Mass (2020) [infograph]
39
THE FRENCH DESIGNER, CHRISTOPHE GERNIGON, HAS BEEN THINKING ON HOW TO EAT AND DRINK OUTSIDE OUR HOMES. SUGGEST, THEREFORE THE CONCEPT OF MAINTAINING SOCIAL DISTANCE WITHOUT GIVING UP DESIGN, ESTHETICS AND ABOVE ALL, COMFORT AT ANY TIME. HIS PLAN WAS BAPTIZED WITH THE NAME OF PLEX'EAT, AND AS CAN BE SEEN IN THE IMAGES FOLLOWING THESE LINES, IT'S THESE PLEXIGLASS BELLS HANGING FROM THE CEILING. (BLOCK, I)
Fig.12 Guernigon Studio (2020) [photograph] 40
Fig.13 Pshenichnikova (2020) [inphograph]
Public spaces to be used by children must take into account materials with antimicrobial and selfhygienic properties. Children have adapted in an excellent way to the situation of COVID-19, but are not as meticulous as some adults when it comes to cleaning issues and may neglect such safety steps. An appealing way of marking safety distances for children can be focused on technology such as space-marking lasers or LED solutions that remind them of the steps to be taken inside the space in which they are situated.
Make it fun
BUBBLE BUMP IS A DEVICE THAT AUTOMATICALLY RELEASES LIQUID DISINFECTANT IN THE SHAPE OF SOAP BUBBLES TO ENSURE THAT CHILDREN KEEP THEIR HANDS CLEAN AND FREE OF THE RISK OF CONTAGION. ITS DESIGN AND OPERATION TURN HANDWASHING INTO SOMETHING FUN FOR A SPECIFIC SEGMENT OF THE POPULATION (AGED 1 TO 6), NOT USED TO REGULAR HYGIENE BUT WITH GREAT TRANSMITTING POWER. DESIGNED FOR NURSERY SCHOOLS AND CHILDRENâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S AREAS (MALLS, HOSPITALS, ETC.), IT ALSO HAS AN INFRARED SENSOR TO MEASURE BODY TEMPERATURE. DESIGNED BY: ALINA PSHENICHNIKOVA (RUSSIAN FEDERATION) (JUMPTHEGAP, 2020)
41
UVCLEAN IS A FAUCET EQUIPPED WITH A UV-LIGHT CABIN TO DISINFECT OBJECTS SUCH AS MOBILE PHONES WHILE THE USER WASHES HIS/HER HANDS. THE PROJECT FOCUSES ON O B J E C TS T H AT CA N S P R E A D CORONAVIRUS; SPECIFICALLY, ON MOBILE PHONES, DEFINED AS “THE THIRD HAND WE NEVER WASH.” THE DEVICE IS MADE UP OF A FAUCET, A SOAP DISPENSER AND A DRYER, WHICH ACTIVATE WITH A TOUCHLESS SYSTEM, AS WELL AS A SMALL CABIN TO PLACE PERSONAL ITEMS. WHILE THE USER WASHES HIS/HER HANDS, THE OBJECTS ARE DISINFECTED WITH A UV-LIGHT SYSTEM AND CAN BE AFTERWARDS COLLECTED WITH CLEAN HANDS AND W I T H O U T C O N TAC T W I T H R I S K SURFACES. DESIGNED BY: EKATARINA EPIFANOVA (RUSSIAN FEDERATION) AND LIDIA GRITS (ITALY) (JUMPTHEGAP, 2020)
UVCLEAN Fig.14 Epifanova (2020) [infograph]
42
OM IS A SANITARY TOTEM THAT INCLUDES AN AUTOMATIC DISPENSER OF HYDROALCOHOLIC DISINFECTANT GEL AND AN INFRARED SYSTEM TO MEASURE BODY TEMPERATURE FROM THE WRIST OF USERS. IT FEATURES A LED SCREEN THAT SHOWS THE TEMPERATURE AND IS ESPECIALLY INDICATED FOR THE ENTRANCE OF HIGHLY-TRANSITED PUBLIC SPACES. DESIGNED BY: RAFAEL VINADER (SPAIN). (JUMPTHEGAP, 2020)
Cool & Fast Fig.15 Vinader (2020) [infograph]
43
SMART SHOE SOLE CLEANER TO BE USED IN SPACES THAT REQUIRE SPECIAL PROTECTION (HOSPITALS, RESIDENCES, OFFICES, SCHOOLS, ETC.), IN VIEW OF THE FACT THAT THE VIRUS CAN SURVIVE UP TO FIVE DAYS IN FOOTWEAR. THE USER STANDS ON THE INDICATED SPACE AND BRUSHES WITH NOZZLES THAT SPRAY LIQUID DISINFECTANT AND CLEAN THE SOLE ARE RAISED. THE DEVICE ALSO INCLUDES A DISINFECTION AND CLEANING SYSTEM WITH UV LIGHT FOR THE BRUSHES. DESIGNED BY: HAO WANG AND HANYUAN HU (CHINA) (JUMPTHEGAP, 2020)
Step on it
Fig.16 Wang (2020) [infograph]
44
Let us therefore refer to the Bauhaus maxim "Less is more" and to the notion of the house of the future stated by Lyndon Neri and found in the previous assignment (see assignment 22, page 8), which points out that the homes of the future must be more empty and innovative, even though they are not sterile or impersonal. The introduction of new policies will lead to a new paradigm for the interior design and architectural planning of residential spaces, focused on rational, healthy and sustainable models that together with consistent urban development, can once again transform homes and neighborhoods into spaces designed to bene t people.
THE IDEAL MINIMUM HOUSE FOR A COUPLE IN ISOLATION: THE WINNERS OF THE CONTEST "A PLACE FOR QUARANTINE". AUTHORS: FARO ARCHITECTURE - ARCHITECT MIGUEL ANGEL BUSCAZZO, ARCHITECT CELESTE AILEN CID, ARCHITECT JOEL GERMAN CURIHUINCA
Fig.17 Cid (2020) [infograph]
fi
MARIA DEL CARMEN CORRAL LODEIRO 72546664
45
TASK 4 Click here
MARIA DEL CARMEN CORRAL LODEIRO 72546664
46
REFERENCES MARIA DEL CARMEN CORRAL LODEIRO 72546664
47
bibliography Reference Du y, B.; Terhanian, G.; Bremer, J., Smith, K. (2005). «Comparing data from online and face-to-face surveys». International Journal of Market Research, 47, 615-639. Fernández, R. (2020) “Twitter: número per les en España 2014-2019” [Online] Available at: https://es.statista.com/estadisticas/520056/usuarios-de-twitter-en-espana/ Accessed 25/08/2020 Gasalla, R. (2020) “¿POR QUÉ DEBEMOS INCORPORAR PLANTAS EN LOS ESPACIOS INTERIORES?” [Online] Available at: https://www.elledecor.com/es/decoracion/a30791596/plantasinteriores-puri car-aire-bio lia-dormitorios/ Accessed 25/08/2020 Heerwegh, D. and Loosveldt, G. (2009). «Explaining the intention to participate in a web survey: a test of the theory of planned behavior». International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 12, 181-195. Ilieva, J.; Baron, S. , Healey, N.M. (2002). «Online surveys in marketing research».International Journal of Market Research, 44, 361-376. Japec, L. (2006). «Quality Issues in Interview Surveys». Bulletin de Methodologie Sociologique, 90. Manfreda, K.L. and Vehovar, V. (2008). «Internet surveys». En: De Leeuw, E.D.;Hox, J.J. y Dillman, D.A. (eds.). International Handbook of Survey Methodology. Nueva York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates y Asociación Europea de Metodología, 264-284. Pratesi, M.; Manfreda, K.L.; Bi ignandi, S. , Vehovar, V. (2004). «List-based Web Surveys: Quality, Timeliness and Nonresponse in the Steps of the Participation Flow». Journal of O cial Statistics, 20 (3), 451-465. que.es (2014) “TRASTORNO POR DÉFICIT DE NATURALEZA: EL NUEVO MAL DEL SIGLO XXI” [Online] Available at: https://www.que.es/ultimas-noticias/sociedad/201405160800-trastornode cit-naturaleza-nuevo-siglo.html Accessed 25/08/2020 Revilla, M.J (2020) “PON TU CASA A PUNTO DURANTE LA CUARENTENA. DÍA 14: DEDÍCATE A LAS PLANTAS PARA COMBATIR EL TDN” [Online] Available at: https://www.elledecor.com/ es/decoracion/a31937517/ideas-plantas-casa-cuidados-decoracion/ Accessed 25/08/2020 Tourangeau, R.; Rips, L.J. y Rasinski, K. (2000). Psychology of Survey Response. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Vehovar, V.; Manfreda, K.L., Koren, G. (2008). «Internet surveys». En: Donsbach,W. y Traugott, M.W. (eds.). The SAGE Handbook of Public Opinion Research. Thousand-Oaks, CA: Sage, 271-283. Zabalbeascoa, A. (2020) “Neri&Hu: "Las casas del siglo XXI serán más rompedoras, pequeñas y vacías” [Online] Available at: https://www.arquitecturaydiseno.es Accessed 13/08/2020
48 ffi
fi
ff
fi
fi
ff
fi
MARIA DEL CARMEN CORRAL LODEIRO 72546664
bibliography Reference Valero, J.C. (2020). «Los españoles doblan las obras en sus hogares como alternativa a las vacaciones». [Online] Available at:https://www.abc.es Accessed 15/11/2020 Habitissimo (2020) “Informe sobre el sector de la reforma - Agosto 2020”Available at: https://procenter.habitissimo.es/ Accessed 15/11/2020 Habitaclia (2020) “Las reformas del hogar se multiplican por dos en verano tras la COVID-19” [Online] Available at: https://noticias.habitaclia.com Accessed 09/11/2020 Florio, L (2020). «La restauración se harta: “Nos vamos todos a la quiebra”». [Online] Available at: https://www.lavanguardia.com/ Accessed 09/11/2020 Sobrino, R. (2020). «El coronavirus acaba con el coworking: la contratación se hunde el 90%». [Online] Available at: https://cincodias.elpais.com Accessed 08/11/2020 Block, I (2020) “Guallart Architects designs post-covid housing for new city in China [Online] Available at: https://www.dezeen.com Accessed 30/10/2020 Wiktionary Contributors (2020) “Genkan” [Online] Available at: https://en.wiktionary.org Accessed 25/10/2020 Hitti, N. (2020) “Carlo Ratti's Pura-Case uses "ozone power" to sanitise clothes” [Online] Available at: https://www.dezeen.com Accessed 12/10/2020 Qué (2014) “TRASTORNO POR DÉFICIT DE NATURALEZA: EL NUEVO MAL DEL SIGLO XXI” [Online] Available at: https://www.que.es/ultimas-noticias/sociedad/201405160800-trastornode cit-naturaleza-nuevo-siglo.html Accessed 01/10/2020 Revilla, M.J (2020) “PON TU CASA A PUNTO DURANTE LA CUARENTENA. DÍA 14: DEDÍCATE A LAS PLANTAS PARA COMBATIR EL TDN” [Online] Available at: https://www.elledecor.com/ es/decoracion/a31937517/ideas-plantas-casa-cuidados-decoracion/ Accessed 01/10/2020 Vitra (2020) “New dynamics in the home”” [Online] Available at: https://register.vitra.com/home-paper Accessed 25/10/2020 Els, L.M. (2020) “How Will COVID-19 Encourage the Adoption of Contactless Technologies?” [Online] Available at: https://www.de nedcrowd.com Accessed 25/10/2020 Cevallos, D. (2020) “La domótica, una alternativa contra el COVID-19” [Online] Available at: https://www.elcomercio.com/ Accessed 11//11/2020 Alvarez, J.E.. (2020) “La Armada de los Estados Unidos evalúa la radiación UV-C para luchar contra el COVID-19” [Online] Available at: https://smart-lighting.es Accessed 06//11/2020
49 fi
fi
MARIA DEL CARMEN CORRAL LODEIRO 72546664
bibliography Reference Arc-magazine (2020) “New Artemide system integrates UV sanitising technology” [Online] Available at: https://www.arc-magazine.com Accessed 18/10/2020 Ott, C.. (2020) “O cinas Second Home en Hollywood / Selgascano?” [Online] Available at: https://www.plataformaarquitectura.cl Accessed 25/10/2020 Klein, K (2020) “MASS Design Group outlines redesign strategies for restaurants following coronavirus” [Online] Available at: https://www.dezeen.com Accessed 25/10/2020 MASS Design Group (2020) “Spatial Strategies for Restaurants in Response to COVID-19 “ [Online] Available at: https://massdesigngroup.org Accessed 25/10/2020 Block, I (2020) “Christophe Gernigon proposes suspended Plex'eat hoods for post-virus dining in restaurants” [Online] Available at: https://www.dezeen.com Accessed 25/10/2020 Jumpthegap (2020) “BUBBLE BUMP” [Online] Available at: https://www.jumpthegap.net/ Accessed 27/10/2020 Jumpthegap (2020) “UVCLEAN” [Online] Available at: https://www.jumpthegap.net/ Accessed 27/10/2020 Jumpthegap (2020) “OM” [Online] Available at: https://www.jumpthegap.net/ Accessed 27/10/2020 Jumpthegap (2020) “E-TAPIS” [Online] Available at: https://www.jumpthegap.net/ Accessed 27/10/2020
fi
MARIA DEL CARMEN CORRAL LODEIRO 72546664
50
images Fig.
reference
1
Unknown (2020) Untitled [Illustration] [Online] Available at: https://dezeen.com Accessed 31/10/2020
2
Guallart Architects (2020) Housing development in Xiong'an New Area, China [Illustration] [Online] Available at: https://dezeen.com Accessed 04/11/2020
3
Unknown (2020) Zapatos tradicionales japoneses [Photograph] [Online] Available at: https://www.descubriendojapon.com Accessed 04/11/2020
4
Carlo Ratti Associatti (2020) Pura [Photograph] [Online] Available at: https://static.dezeen.com Accessed 04/11/2020
5
Unknown (2020) Rubber tree [Photograph] [Online] Available at: https://media.architecturaldigest.com Accessed 04/11/202
6
Vitra (2020) Home o ce [Photograph] [Online] Available at: https://register.vitra.com/home-paper Accessed 04/11/202
7
Shutterstock (2020) Smart Living [Illustration] [Online] Available at: https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/images/2020/05/29/shutterstock_520084003.jpg Accessed 04/11/2020
8
Artemide (2020) Integralis [Photograph] [Online] Available at: https://www.artemide.com/contents/immagini/journal/mod_cover_youtube_copia_1864_174da1d11a7_1920.jpg Accessed 04/11/2020
9
Steelcase (2020) Cloudinary [Illustration] [Online] Available at: https://steelcase-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/v1591131489/www.steelcase.com/2020/06/02/20-0140647.jpg Accessed 04/11/2020
10
Baan, I (2019) Second Home Hollywood [Photograph] [Online] Available at: https://351772-1090771-raikfcquaxqncofqfm.stackpathdns.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/SH-HollywoodSCA-2049-1360x906.jpg Accessed 04/11/2020
11
Mass Design Group (2020) Spatial strategies for Restaurant Design [Infograph] [Online] Available at :https://static.dezeen.com Accessed 06/11/2020
12
Guernigon Studio (2020) Plex´Eat by Christophe Guernigon [Photograph] [Online] Available at: https://www.arquitecturaydiseno.es Accessed 06/11/2020
13
Pshenichnikova, A. (2020) Bubble Bump [Infograph] [Online] Available At: Https://Www.Jumpthegap.Net/2020-Special-Edition/Bubble-Bump Accessed 06/11/2020
14
Epifanova, E (2020) UVClean [Infograph] [Online] Available at: https://www.jumpthegap.net/2020-special-edition/uvclean Accessed 06/11/2020
15
Vinader, R. (2020) OM [Infograph] [Online] Available at: https://www.jumpthegap.net/images/35445/pop_up_image_gallery.png Accessed 06/11/2020
16
Wang, H (2020) E-Tapis [Infograph] [Online] Available at: https://www.jumpthegap.net/images/35469/thumbnail_image_gallery_one_column.png Accessed 06/11/2020
17
Cid, C. (2020) The ideal minimum house for a couple in isolation [Photograph] [Online] Available at: https://www.plataformaarquitectura.cl/ Accessed 07/11/2020
18
Doucet, J. (2020) Face Mask [Photograph] [Online] Available at: https://www.arquitecturaydiseno.es/ Accessed 07/11/2020
ffi
MARIA DEL CARMEN CORRAL LODEIRO 72546664
51
MC Mela Corral Design Studio
Stay safe.
Fig.18 Doucet (2020) [photograph
52
