MESA+ Annual report 2001

MESA+ P.O.Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands Tel. + 31 53 4892715 Fax + 31 53 4892575 E-mail: MESA@el.utwente.nl Internet: www.mesaplus.utwente.nl

Annual Report 2001 Materials, technologies and systems for the information society

GENERAL

Preface

I present you the third annual report of MESA+. With this report, we close the first half of the first five-year period of the institute.

Overall, 2001 proved to be an excellent year. With hard work, excellent science, and a growing ambition to create an institute of international esteem, the MESA+ community has made a difference. I am proud of the more than 400 persons who create MESA+ together, and grateful for the effort and long hours they put in to it. Thank you!

MESA+ is growing in visibility. We have also grown in size. A new research group decided to join us, you can read about it in the following pages. Turnover has also grown, as did the relative amount of money that we have acquired outside (now approximately 55% of the total budget).

All in all, we can look back at a year that brought us further ahead. A good year.

There is enough to do ahead of us. Nanotechnology is still young, and promises lots of intriguing science.

I hope the future will continue to deliver us challenges, and the resources meet them.

Prof. dr. ir. David N. Reinhoudt Scientific Director

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Contents

Sketch of the institute

General

A Program Director is responsible for the scientific responsible to the Scientific Director of the institute.

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Field and mission MESA+ focuses on the materials, technologies and

Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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systems of the information society (‘the hardware

Sketch of the institute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

MESA+ Annual Report 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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of ICT’). Its mission is

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+ To excel in its field of science and technology;

coordination of each SRO. The Program Director is directly

+ To educate researchers and designers in the field;

The SROs will be evaluated after two years, based on the criteria mentioned above. MESA+ will use its

Scientific Highlights in 2001

+ To build up fruitful national and international

external reviewers (e.g. Scientific Advisory Board,

A molecular ruler: Layer thickness measured

the technology foundation STW, or others) for this

by the Atomic Force Microscope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

cooperation with industry and fellow institutes.

MESA+ is an ‘onderzoekschool’, designated by the

Hollow microneedles for transdermal applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Royal Dutch Academy of Science.

evaluation, which can result in (dis)continuation of the program. In case of discontinuation, MESA+ will only fund salaries of existing Ph.D.’s and post docs

Revealing photophysics in red autofluorescent proteins with nano-scale optics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Magnesium diboride: The road to thin films and devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Key words are nanotechnology, materials science,

Twente Microcooling in Space! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

microsystem technology and engineering, micro-optics

Simulation of anisotropic etching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

and self assembly.

for the remainder of their appointment.

The SROs and their Program Directors should achieve a strong presence and exposure in the (inter)national

Optical microresonators as building blocks for VLSI photonics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Femtosecond light pulses caught in the act . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

MESA+ has defined the following indicators for

scientific world. The Program Directors are appointed

A new type of magnetic semiconductor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

achieving its mission:

(at least) at the level of associate professor.

Supported thin-film perovskite membranes for oxygen separation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

+ Scientific papers at the level of Science, Nature,

Spin filter contacts for spin-injection into a semiconductor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Research Highlight 2001 MTP (Title needed) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 On-chip Hydrodynamic Chromatography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Publications MESA+ Scientific Publications 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 About MESA+ MESA+ Governing Board, Scientific Advisory Board and Management in 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 How to reach MESA+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

or journals of comparable stature; + 1:1 balance between university funding and externally acquired funds;

The current MESA+ SROs are: + Micro Chemical Systems (MiCS), prof.dr.ir. Albert van den Berg (Lab-on-a-chip);

+ Sizable spin-off activities.

+ NanoLink, dr. Jürgen P. Brugger (Tying top-down to

Organisational structure and programs MESA+ has a matrix structure in which scientific

+ TeraHertz Signal Processing (TeraHertz),

bottom-up micro-, nano- and molecular engineering);

disciplines, led by a responsible professor, are

dr.ir. Gerrit J. Gerritsma (Acquisition, transportation and manipulation of information at very high speed).

combined with strong and ambitious multidisciplinary programs, the Strategic Research Orientations (SROs) which aim at the various aspects of Nanotechnology.

This structure is depicted below.

The creation of SROs ensures a strong multidisciplinary activity within the institute and is a basis for realization of its goals. An SRO is a large scientific program (in the order of 30-35 full-time researchers), which satisfies the following criteria: + Combining high-quality research of at least five groups within the institute into a genuine multidisciplinary program; + Providing excellent opportunities for international top-level research;

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+ Attractive for external funding (which is a quality indicator in its own right).

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+ Advanced Photonic Structure (APS), dr. Laurens (Kobus) Kuipers (Novel optical devices based on

Participating research groups

MESA+ Annual Report 2001

low-dimensional photonic crystals and microcavities); + Materials Sciences of Interfaces (MASIF),

Within MESA+, four faculties combine their

dr.ing. Dave H.A. Blank (Material growth on an

strengths within the following fields of expertise:

atomic scale for the realization of junctions for

Applied Mathematics (TW), Applied Physics (TN),

advanced nanometer-scale devices).

Chemical Engineering (CT) and Electrical Engineering (EL). From these faculties, the following

The SROs cover approximately 70% of MESA+ research.

research groups participate:

This activity is completed by disciplinary research, which has an important role in the further development of each research group’s disciplinary activities (founding research), in the exploration of new fields (potentials), etc.. This research is referred to as Complementary Research.

MESA+ is the largest research institute of the University of Twente. It employs approximately 400

+ CT-MTP:

a wide scientific basis in three disciplines, focused

The position of Program Director in a SRO within MESA+ is a crucial one, requiring a very high level

prof.dr. G.J. Vancso

on five ambitious multidisciplinary programs. Taken

of commitment, quality and initiative. Providing

as a whole, the year can be seen as proof-positive of

an intensive scientific challenge and international

SupraMolecular Chemistry and Technology,

the strength of our concept and its practical results.

exposure, the position can also be an excellent

prof.dr.ir. D.N. Reinhoudt

We are well on the way to creating and consolidating

stepping stone in the career of promising researchers.

+ CT-SMCT:

+ CT-CA: Chemical Analysis, vacant + CT-IMS:

of approximately Mf 55, of which 50% is acquired in

+ EL-BIOS:

Foundations, European Union, industry etc.).

Inorganic Materials Science, prof.dr.ir. H. Verweij Biosensor Technology, prof.dr.ir. P. Bergveld + EL-ICD: Integrated Circuit Design, prof.dr.ir. B. Nauta

MESA+ has extensive laboratory facilities at its

Program Directors

reflected the true quality of an approach that offers

Materials Science and Technology of Polymers,

people, almost 300 of whom are scientists including over 200 Ph.D.’s, post docs, etc.. MESA+ has a turnover competition from external sources (National Science

The second year of MESA+ in its current state, 2001

+ EL-IDR:

a nanotechnology research institution of international esteem.

a tenure-track position at EPFL in Lausanne (CH).

The scientific output of MESA+ continues to maintain

position. Jürgen’s successor, dr. ir. Martin L. Bennink,

Publications in refereed scientific journals grew from

was appointed with a slightly modified mission. This

228 in 2000 to 245 in 2001. These include an impressive

year also saw dr. L. (Kobus) Kuipers, Program Director

total of 25 papers in leading mono-disciplinary journals

of the SRO Advanced Photonic Structures, take up an

such as, Journal of the American Chemical Society,

appointment as part-time professor at the University of Amsterdam.

IC-Technology, Devices and Reliability,

Journal of Applied Physics, Angewandte Chemie and

+ A 1000 m2 fully equipped clean room, with a focus

prof.dr. H. Wallinga

Physical Review Letters. However, as only one paper

CMOS and Materials and Process Engineering; + A fully equipped Central Materials Analysis Laboratory; + A number of specialized laboratories for chemical synthesis and analysis, materials research and analysis, and device characterization.

+ EL-SMI:

appeared in Science, there is still work to do in this

The central facilities that are needed for high-level

Systems and Materials for Information storage,

respect. The number of patents and patent applications

prof.dr. J.C. Lodder

amounted to 15.

research in nano- and microtechnologies are of central importance for attracting the best researchers. MESA+

+ EL-LDG: Lightwave Devices Group, dr. A. Driessen, dr. P.V. Lambeck + EL-TDT: Testable Design and Testing of Microsystems,

MESA+ has a strong relationship with industry, both through joint research projects with the larger

dr.ir. H.G. Kerkhoff + EL-TT:

was very pleased with two facility grants from the The year 2001 saw a satisfactory number of 29 Ph.D. degrees awarded. Since the start of MESA+, the number

Dutch Technology Foundation (STW), worth a total of

of appointed Ph.D. students has grown from 115 to 154.

maintaining a sufficient environment for ambitious

Approximately half of this increase can be attributed to the central MESA+ budget, the rest from externally

research.

e 2.25 million. This kind of support is crucial in

acquired projects. This equality of funding has been

Another interesting development is the agreement

multinational companies, and through a cooperation

Micromechanical Transducers,

achieved much sooner than expected, proving that the

between the central services department of the

policy focused on small and medium-sized enterprises.

prof.dr. M.C. Elwenspoek

right choices were made in the scientific programmes

Technical University of Eindhoven and the MESA+

and strategy.

clean room facilities for outsourcing processes to

+ TN-BFT: Biophysical Techniques, prof.dr. J. Greve + TN-CMS: Computational Materials Science, prof.dr. P.J. Kelly + TN-LT: Low Temperature Division, prof.dr. H. Rogalla + TN-OT: Optical Techniques, prof.dr. N.F. van Hulst + TN-VSF: Solid State Physics, prof.dr.ir. B. Poelsema

Twente. This agreement resulted in its first prototypes Since 70% of the research within MESA+ is carried out within the framework of the five Strategic Research

Applied Analysis and Mathematical Physics, prof.dr. E.W.C. van Groesen

in 2001.

Orientations (SRO’s), these programs play a central role

New COPS at MESA+

in achieving and supporting the above successes. It is

Facilities and scientific ambition were two aspects that

good to see that the contribution of SRO’s and research

were important in the decision of Prof. Ad Lagendijk,

groups to the scientific output cannot be separated.

This shows the strong cohesion within the MESA+

Prof. Willem Vos and their Amsterdam-based group to join MESA+. We warmly welcome these new colleagues

research.

to the MESA+ family, who formed the new research

+ TW-AAMP:

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We wish him success in this new and ambitious

a very high level, and is increasing in volume.

disposal: on Micro Systems Technology (MST); Nanotechnology,

In 2001, dr. Jürgen Brugger of NanoLink accepted

group Complex Photonic Systems (COPS).

The scientific program of MESA+ was reviewed during 2001, with a focus on the five SRO’s. The results were

“When we first arrived at MESA+ in December 2001,

very satisfactory. The strategy and scientific results of

we were invited to a Sinterklaas party,” report Professors

the SRO’s are clearly appreciated by the international

Lagendijk and Vos. “We had to prove to ‘Sinterklaas’

research community. The reviews also provided us with some new ideas and viewpoints with respect to the

that we were able to put on a clean room suit. It was a very pleasant evening, confirming that MESA+ has

further continuation of the SRO’s. Thanks go to our

the type of atmosphere within which researchers can

reviewers for their efforts.

flourish.

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“It also has unique infrastructure facilities in the

Award-Winning Research

company is able to apply different techniques for

Netherlands, which are very useful for research in the

Another achievement worthy of mention is the

various channel specifications.

field of optics and optical structures. And the fact that

“Vernieuwingsimpuls” Award won by a young innovative

the University of Amsterdam was already familiar with the MESA+ research groups was another reason behind

researcher, Dr. ir. Richard Schasfoort. Granted by

Lion Photonix Technologies BV is another success story.

the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research

Although only started in June 2001, the company

our decision to come here.

(NWO), the award provides research funding of

already occupies a strong competitive position in the

e 680,670 over a period of five years.

area of optical Micro System Technology because of its access to knowledge and patents. It commercialises

“Our research will contribute to the Advanced Photonic

components for promising high-tech markets.

Structures SRO. The activities of the group will be

Dr. Schasfoort received this distinction for his research

mainly oriented at scientific achievements and less

into a new Field Directed Electrophoresis separation

on the realisation of start-ups. Our goal is to have

(system? technique?) in combination with Surface

Lion Photonix’s product range consists of advanced

results published in Physical Review Letters, Science

Plasmon Resonance Imaging Network Technology in

optical circuits for application in telecommunication

or Nature.”

a Lab On a Chip (SPRINTLOC). The aim is to develop

systems, and optical sensors for lab-on-a-chip

this system in such a way that resolutions will be

applications in, for example, medical and

obtained for total separation of the proteome in individual proteins. The combination of the two

pharmaceutical industries. The University of Twente is one of the shareholders, and at MESA+ we are

technologies is fundamental, challenging and,

contributing our unique knowledge of siliconoxynitride

if successful, will have a dramatic impact.

(SiON) technology.

With the financial impulse present, the high risk

This work reinforces the importance of facility sharing

capital (do you mean the award funding?) can be turned into?? commercial targets, including finding

for the success of the cluster. Some 30% of the man hours spent in the MESA+ clean room are taken up

the funding for fundamental integrated instrumentation

by MESA+ spin-offs and other industrial relations.

with embedded intelligence. In this way, the (system? technique?) will have major implications for globally

Finally, a few words on the nationwide activity to

Prof. Dr. Ad Lagendijk (54) is internationally known for

challenging applications using "lab on a chip"

build a national nanotechnology effort, with shared

his research into localising light. He studied Physical

instrumentation. The right basic multi-disciplines

Chemistry at the University of Amsterdam (UvA) until

are available at the University of Twente.

infrastructure and in cooperation with industry. This initiative, chaired by the Scientific Director of MESA+, aligns the Dutch universities that are active in the

1969 and achieved his PhD from the same university in 1974. Ad developed his scientific career primarily

Creating a Cluster

field: Twente, Delft, Groningen, Eindhoven, Nijmegen,

at UvA, while working at the University of Antwerp.

Next to being very successful in obtaining external

Wageningen and Amsterdam, along with the Dutch

He is also a member of KNAW, the Royal Netherlands

Organisation for Applied Research (TNO). In 2002,

Academy of Arts and Science and, until 1996, was head

projects from the national science foundations, the European Commission and industry, MESA+ also

of the Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics department

did well in the field of commercialisation. Three new

Government. (what’s the link here?)

of the Foundation of Fundamental Research on Matter

companies were founded as a start up, and equity was

(FOM). Professor Lagendijk is also known for his

taken in two companies in return for rights concerning

The following pages offer a review of just some of

columns in the Volkskrant, a national newspaper.

research results. This policy will be continued as we

the scientific highlights from 2001, and demonstrate the wide scope of activities carried out at MESA+.

continue our quest for a science and technology cluster

Nanoned will make a final proposition to the Dutch

on and around our university campus. The number of companies within this cluster currently numbers around 25 (OK? 20 to 30 is a very vague figure).

Micronit Microfluidics BV is a good example. Started in 1999, this company offers the development of glass and silicon microfluidic chips, including design, simulation, prototyping and low- to high-volume production.

Micronit Microfluidics has access to the Class 100 clean room facilities at MESA+, used for prototyping and low-volume production. For high-volume production,

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Prof. Dr. Willem Vos (37) headed the research into

it cooperates with OnStream Foundry Service (a former

photonic bandgap materials at the Van der Waals-

business unit of Philips NV) in an ISO 9001 certified

Zeeman institute of the University of Amsterdam

environment.

(UvA). He studied physics at the UvA until 1987 and took his doctor’s degree at the same university in 1991.

Micronit is the first to make cost-effective customised

Willem worked has since worked as a post-doc at

glass microchips. These chips can be used for capillary

the Carnegie Institution of Washington, among other

electrophoresis and other microfluidic applications.

places.

Because of the wide variety of machines it uses, the

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SCIENTIFIC

SCIENTIFIC

HIGHLIGHTS

HIGHLIGHTS

A molecular ruler: Layer thickness measured by the Atomic Force Microscope

Hollow microneedles for transdermal applications

Self-assembly of molecules on (flat) surfaces is an

Drugs are typically delivered these days through

attractive method for engineering surface properties.

hypodermic needles, via (iontophoretic) patches or by

Metal surfaces, silicon, silicon oxide, glass, quartz an

oral or respiratory administration. Diagnostic sampling

the like can now conveniently be engineered when

in most cases requires extraction of blood through

the appropriate reactive group is present in the organic

a hypodermic syringe needle, followed by analysis

molecule. We (who is we here? Name group/dept) have

of blood components in a specialised laboratory

over the years synthesised functional molecules that

environment. All these techniques have some

self-assemble in a well-defined monolayer on gold and

disadvantages, depending on the particular drug that

glass. We have also shown that these self-assembled

is to be administered, or the analysis to be performed.

An array of 400 µm

Close-up of the tip

monolayers can recognise guest species from the gas

In some cases the methods are too slow, in others

high microneedles

of a microneedle

phase and aqueous solutions.

ineffective or wasteful with respect to the volumes of blood or other substances that are consumed.

small size of the needles, the penetration of the skin

Such a characterisation is inherently difficult due

Some simply cause too much inconvenience for the

is so shallow that tissue damage is minimiszed while

to the fact that only a minute amount of material is

patient, such as pain and/or skin irritation or damage.

all sensation of pain is eliminated. The necessary

present. Commonly employed techniques are infrared

fluid flow will be achieved by using a high density of

spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, X-ray photo-electron

Over the last decade, it has become clear that the

needles. The fabrication procedure for the out-of-plane

spectroscopy and electrochemical techniques. The

introduction of MEMS offers exciting opportunities

determination of the layer thickness can be carried

to advance this medical field. The buzz phrase here

needle design builds on the directional deep RIE work that was previously developed by MESA+ to fabricate

out by ellipsometry or by capacitance measurements

is "minimally invasive" – a reference to the limited

buried microchannels in silicon. It combines anisotropic

(e.g. by cyclic voltammetry). The drawback to these

tissue damage and reduced pain involved. In addition,

wet etching and directional (deep) reactive ion etching

techniques, however, is that two parameters are

miniaturisation of analysis methods enables the

processes. The microneedles have a flow channel

unknown – the refractive index or the dielectric

development of versatile, portable equipment for

extending to the opposite side of the substrate, leaving

constant have to be assumed to calculate the layer

"point-of-care" monitoring and treatment of patients.

space for other fluidic components on that side.

thickness.

This trend will eventually lead to mobile telephone

Preliminary tests have shown that the microneedles

or Internet-based healthcare monitoring systems

have the proper mechanical strength and sharpness

In collaboration with the Dalcanale group (University

four sulfide groups for binding to the gold surface.

that allow medical specialists to track the patient's

to be applied for painless transdermal transfer of,

of Parma, Italy), Twente researchers have designed

The capsule was closed in the next step. The two

situation on-line. Additionally, handy equipment will

for example, blood, which is drawn into the needles by

a generic method to determine the layer thickness

halves of the capsule are held together by coordination

give patients the option of being more directly involved

capillary forces. The development of a complete micro-

of self-assembled monolayers without the need to

of cyano groups to divalent palladium or platinum

in monitoring their own health, thereby increasing the

TAS for blood analysis is currently being investigated.

assume a parameter. This method is also able to

complexes. The height differences as determined by

chances of improving their quality of life and reducing

follow subsequent reactions of these self-assembled

AFM nicely matched the expected differences based on

healthcare expenses.

monolayers. In addition, it was demonstrated that

the molecular dimensions of the various components.

Partners: NanoPass Technologies Ltd., Nazareth Illit, Israel

the self-assembly of capsules - “molecular containers” -

Ultimately, advances in the field may lead to ‘drugs-

Micronit Microfluidics B.V., Enschede, The Netherlands

is not restricted to solutions. It can also be carried out

on-demand’ possibilities, in which monitoring and

Leiden-Amsterdam Centre for Drug Research, Leiden,

by starting with a self-assembled monolayer as the

dispensing components are integrated in an intelligent

The Netherlands

molecular platform.

feedback system so small that it can be carried on the body of the patient without obstructing movement.

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The method starts with a flat gold surface that is

Once in place, the system is continuously connected

patterned with a self-assembled monolayer of a

to the blood stream and releases the required drug

Blood sampling using an array of needles

simple thiol using micro-contact printing. In this way,

whenever a certain monitored analyte reaches a

(the white spots are droplets of blood)

alternating stripes of a self-assembled monolayer and

critical value.

bare gold were obtained. The bare gold stripes were etched a little to increase the contrast of the Atomic

Publications

Force Microscopy (AFM) measurements.

Recent developments at MESA+ focus on an essential part of such medical Microsystems: an array of micro-

– Levi, S., Guatteri, P., Van Veggel, F.C.J.M., Vancso, G.J., Dalcanale,

machined hollow microneedles for transdermal liquid

At this stage, the patterned substrate has an internal

E., Reinhoudt, D.N.: Direct observation of surface controlled

transfer. Such hollow needles can be used either for

calibration. Subsequently, the stripes of bare gold were

self-assembly of coordination cages by an AFM as molecular

blood extraction, drug delivery, or both. The basic idea

filled by self-assembly of one half of a capsule that has

ruler. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, p. 1892-1896.

behind the microneedle approach is that, due to the

– This work was also discussed in the NEWS section of Anal.

Chem. August 1, 2001, p. 405A.

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SCIENTIFIC

SCIENTIFIC

HIGHLIGHTS

HIGHLIGHTS

Revealing photophysics in red autofluorescent proteins with nano-scale optics

Magnesium diboride: The road to thin films and devices

For many years, the only way to study protein in a cell

superconducting community. The remarkably high

The obtained results are as follows:

was to label the protein externally with a fluorescent

superconducting transition temperature Tc of 39 K

–

Smooth and high quality MgB2 thin films with

antibody. A major breakthrough in biotechnology

for this non-cuprate intermetallic compound - the

occurred eight years ago when scientists first isolated

correspondingly large energy gap as well as the large

–

Quantum interference in using nano bridges

and cloned a green autofluorescent protein (GFP) from

carrier-density - make this material attractive for use

the jellyfish Aequorea victoria.

in superconducting electronic devices, possibly cooled

high critical currents; as a weak link; –

All-MgB2 ramp-type Josephson junctions.

by cryocoolers.

Since then, biochemists have managed to create different mutated strains of the GFP to extend the palette of

To this end, the availability of high-quality thin films

colours further into the red. However, no GFP has

and Josephson junctions are essential, which triggered

been produced with a longer wavelength emission than

intensive research in these areas. One year on, the

530nm. In October 1999, a group of researchers from

realisation of various Josephson devices in MgB2

the Russian Academy of Sciences managed to clone

DsRed, a recently cloned red

has been reported based on thin film nanobridges,

a fluorescent protein from tropical corals. This protein

autofluorescent protein from tropical

localised ion damage, point-contacts and thin film

is the only one in Nature that gives bright red light,

corals (left) has attracted great interest

heterostructures.

and was named DsRed.

as an expression tracer and fusion

Recent studies on DsRed have shown the tremendous

partner for multicolour imaging.

MESA+ was among the first to realise in situ preparation

The coloured spots on the right image

of thin films, nanobridges, quantum interference

advantages to be accrued from bright red fluorescence

correspond to the fluorescence emission of individual DsRed

devices and ramp-type junction. To optimally exploit

combined with resistance to photobleaching. On

proteins immobilised in a water-pore gel. The real-time

the beneficial properties of MgB2 and to be able to

the downside however, it appeared that the protein

multi-step behaviour of the fluorescence emission (below)

tune the junction characteristics by choosing the barrier

aggregates when expressed in cells, and there has

reflects its tetrameric nature.

parameters, it is crucial to realise MgB2/artificialbarrier/MgB2 thin film Josephson junctions.

been an indication of some residual green fluorescence instead of red. The Applied Optics group used a near-

The figure shows a schematic drawing of the SQUID

field scanning optical microscope equipped with single

mature proteins, we found that 86% of the DsRed

The MgB2 films are prepared at MASIF/MESA+ using

made with nanaobridges. The SEM image shows one of the

molecule detection sensitivity to address individual

contained at least one green sub-unit with a red-to-green

pulsed laser deposition via an Mg-enriched MgB2

nanobridges. The measured field modulation is also given,

DsRed proteins. This could reveal the nature of the

ratio of 1.2 to 1.5.

target. Deposition took place at 200 ∞C in Ar pressure,

where one period is equal to one flux quantum.

fluorescence emission in the DsRed.

12

using a laser density of 4 J/cm2. The MgB2 layer was Only by detecting the signal from individual proteins

subsequently annealed at 600 ∞C for five minutes, and

It was remarkable to discover that even at very dilute

has it been possible to elucidate the mechanism

the film was then cooled down to room temperature.

concentrations (10-9M), the DsRed formed aggregates

of fluorescence emission in the DsRed and to reveal

The Tc can be as high as 30K with this method. This is

consisting of four sub-units, so-called tetramers. By

the precise stoichiometry of green-to-red species.

somewhat suppressed compared to bulk, and effort is

detecting the fluorescence emission of the individual

The future of single molecule detection lies not only

required to adjust the deposition technique to increase

sub-units that make up a tetramer, we could see how

in its ability to address and study individual molecules,

Tc (and its epitaxy.)

each sub-unit absorbs the excitation light and rapidly

but even more in the chance to control and manipulate

transfers it to its neighbour. Our data proved that the

the emission properties of individual entities.

The junctions were prepared by fabricating nano

red emission could equally likely arise from any of the

structures via FIB milling and using a ramp-type

four sub-units. The Figure shows how the fluorescence

configuration. In the latter case, a bilayer of MgB2

of one DsRed protein is emitted in time, each step

(200 nm) and MgO (100 nm) was deposited in situ

corresponding in intensity to the fluorescence

by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on an MgO substrate.

emission of one of the sub-units.

Then, a bevelled edge (ramp) was defined by photolithography and argon ion beam milling, at an

Surprisingly, not all the tetramers would give us

Publications

four intensity steps: in other words, we were missing some sub-units in the tetramer. By exciting individual tetramers with blue and yellow light, we then discovered the existence of a considerable number of green sub-units in each tetramer. Even in nominally

angle of 45∞. After removing the photoresist, a 12 nm

Publications

MgO barrier-layer was deposited by ablating Mg in O2.

– Garcia-Parajo, M.F., Koopman, M., van Dijk, E.M.H.P., Subramaniam, V., van Hulst, N.F.: The nature of the fluorescence emission in the red fluorescent protein DsRed, revealed by single molecule detection. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 98, (2001), p. 14392-14396.

Subsequently, a 200 nm MgB2 counter-electrode was

– Dave H.A. Blank, Hans Hilgenkamp, Alexander Brinkman,

deposited in the same way as the base electrode.

Dragana Mijatovic, Guus Rijnders and Horst Rogalla:

The sample was then patterned by photolithography

Superconducting Mg-B films by pulsed-laser deposition in an

and ion milling to define the junctions.

in-situ two-step process using multicomponent targets. Appl.

Phys. Lett. 79 (2001) 394-396.

– Alexander Brinkman, Dick Veldhuis, Dragana Mijatovic, Guus Rijnders, Dave H.A. Blank, Hans Hilgenkamp and Horst Rogalla: Superconducting Quantum interference device based on MgB2 nanobridges. Appl. Phys. Lett. 79 (2001) 2420-2422.

13

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HIGHLIGHTS

Twente Microcooling in Space!

Microcooling is a research programme shared by the

The 70 K radiator pre-cools the hydrogen stage, which

Low Temperature division and the Micromechanical Transducers group, both part of MESA+. It has realised

supplies a tiny 11.5 mW of pre-cooling at 14.5 K for the helium cold stage. This hydrogen stage is, therefore, very small – resulting in a radiator area of 0.9 m2 at 70 K.

a 165 K demonstrator cooler with a micromechanical cold stage driven by a small sorption compressor.

In addition, a feasibility study was performed for the

A number of advantages can be identified: the cooler

European Space Agency (ESA) on the application of

itself is small, light and compact; it requires a very

the microcooler technology in a future space mission.

small input power; it can easily be made redundant; both cold stages with thermal interfaces might be

A sorption cooler consists of a compressor unit and

integrated in a single micromachined design; and the

a cold stage (see Figure 1). Compressed gas coming

small compressor cells may easily be integrated with

out of the compressor unit is cooled to environmental

the radiator. Having demonstrated the feasibility of this

temperature, after which it is fed into the counterflow

concept, we now expect to get additional ESA support

heat exchanger. The lowest temperature is reached by

for the development of a prototype cooler.

pressure reduction through Joule Thomson expansion, whereby evaporation of the low-pressure liquid in the boiler produces the cooling power.

The low-pressure refrigerant returns through the

Figure 1. Schematic presentation of a sorption cooler

recuperative heat exchangers to the compressor unit.

This unit contains four sorption cells and several check valves to control the gas flows. Low and high pressures are generated by the cyclic aborption and desorption

In 2001, a study was performed for ESA on the

of a working gas on a sorption material. This is

feasibility of our sorption cooler concept. There are four

accomplished by cooling and heating of the sorption

important cooler requirements that can be identified

material. The gas can either be physically absorbed

for ESA’s Darwin mission:

onto, or chemically absorbed into, various solids.

1) The cooler should be essentially vibration-free;

Heating is usually from an electrical heater and

2) It should have a cooling power of 10 mW at 5 K;

cooling is done with a heat-switch between the

3) A 2 W, 50 K radiator can be applied – which

sorption cell and a heat sink on the outside (typically a gas-gap switch).

corresponds to about 7 m2 of surface area; 4) The cooler should have a lifetime of more than five years.

In sharp contrast to standard mechanical coolers,

14

a sorption cooler has no moving parts except for the

The thermodynamic performance of a number of

check valves. Consequently, the cooler has an absolute

different sorption cooler configurations was compared

minimum of emitted vibrations as well as a potentially

in the study. One configuration is especially appealing

long lifetime (no wear-related issues). Moreover, the

as it can be made rather small and still fulfil the

cooler is very suitable for scaling to small dimensions.

requirements. This cooler, schematically depicted in Figure 2, uses two small sorption stages that can both

Figure 2. Two-stage carbon/helium, carbon/hydrogen

An example of a specific application in which these

be located at the cold end of the spacecraft. A helium

sorption cooler with radiators at 50 K and 70 K. The

advantages can be exploited is the ESA Darwin mission,

stage cools to 5 K and is pre-cooled by a hydrogen

hydrogen compressor operates between 70 K and 280 K

scheduled for launch in 2012. In this mission,

stage establishing 14.5 K. Both stages apply activated

and compresses hydrogen from a low pressure of 0.1 bar

a detector has to be cooled to about 5 K (i.e. –268 oC).

carbon as the absorption material.

to a high pressure of 50 bar with a mass flow of 0.044 mg/s.

As the detector will be used in an interferometer that

Publications

The input power of the hydrogen compressor is 1.0 W.

will search for Earth-like planets, any vibrations

Two radiators are incorporated, operating at 50 and

in the interferometer are clearly unacceptable.

70 K. The 50 K radiator acts as the heat sink for the

stage operating with a sorption compressor in a vapour

helium sorption compressor with a cooling power of about 2 W, resulting in a surface area of about 7 m2.

compression cycle. PhD Thesis, University of Twente (2001).

Labelling for the helium stage is analogous.

1 J.F. Burger: Cryogenic microcooling - A micromachined cold

– J.F. Burger, H.J.M. ter Brake, H. Rogalla, M. Linder: Vibration-free 5 K sorption cooler for ESA’s Darwin mission. Cryogenics, vol. 42 (2002), p. 97-107.

15

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HIGHLIGHTS

Simulation of anisotropic etching

Optical microresonators as building blocks for VLSI photonics

Although anisotropic etching of single crystalline

essentially on the Huijgens principle of wave propagation

A remarkable division can be observed in the handling

silicon is one of the key fabrication processes in

[3]. Figure 2 shows that the simulated step patterns

of digital data: transport is increasingly carried out

The work on MRs has been carried out by the Lightwave Device Group in collaboration with MESA+ groups such

microtechnology, the understanding of its physical/

agree in fine detail with the experimental step patterns.

in the optical domain by optical fibers, whereas data

as Biophysical Techniques, Optical Techniques, Applied

chemical properties remains unsatisfactory. We

processing is carried out by electronic circuits. The

Analysis and Mathematical Physics, and Supramolecular

finished two Ph.D. theses on the subject, one of

former offers virtually unlimited bandwidth and data

Chemistry and Technology. The results have been

the important results of which is that the etching

speed. The latter provides compact and complex

presented at major conferences, published in scientific

processes can be understood by the removal of atoms

processors based on Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI)

journals and have led to two patent applications.

at steps on atomically flat surfaces. Leading to so-

electronic circuits with millions of functional elements

called step flow, this discovery has been experimentally

on a square centimeter. In order to connect the best

confirmed.

of the optical and the electronic world, new optical and electro-optical circuits have to be conceived for

It is also theoretically possible to use the step flow

the routing, switching, multiplexing and preprocessing

idea to simulate the propagation of etch fronts. These

of optical data.

Fig. 1

contain physically meaningful parameters, such as the crystallographic orientation of the flat face, the

Integrated optics microresonators (MR) have been

removal rate of atoms from the steps, the nucleation

shown to combine extreme compactness with a

rate of new steps on the flat face and, at specific

rich functionality, which could eventually lead to

sites such as dislocations, mask-silicon interfaces

VLSI photonics. The basic device, which could serve

or adsorbed particles (so-called velocity sources).

as the optical equivalent of a transistor, is built

The simulation fits within 50% of all published etch

from a circular, high quality resonator (Q ~ 104)

rate data for silicon in all orientations, using at most

with adjacent in- and output waveguides.

nine parameters.

Figure 1: (a) DICM image of a large etch pit formed by four interacting trigons originating from dislocations

Here we demonstrate the power of the theory with

A, B, C and D. (b), (c), (d) AFM images showing details of (a).

a complex but typical etchpit on natural diamond {111} surfaces:

Fig.2 Figure 1 shows such a device fabricated by the Lightwave Device Group in the MESA+ clean room, together with the response to a tunable laser (Figure 2). The most

Figure 2: Simulated step pattern reproducing the etch

striking feature seen is the extremely sharp resonance

feature in figure 1.

peaks, with a bandwidth of 5 GHz (0.04 nm). The

Natural diamonds are formed in the upper mantle of

device, with a chip area of less than 0.005 mm2 and

the earth, at a depth of 150 to 200 km. After a period

an on-chip insertion loss of 0.2 dB, can be applied

of residence in the upper mantle of up to three billion

as a filter, multiplexer or router. In combination

years, the crystals are brought to the earth’s surface

with specific optical materials, it can be applied

via volcanic activity. All diamonds are slightly etched

as a thermo-optical, electro-optical and all-optical

during this period of ascent.

switch, and even as a low threshold laser. Serving

Fig. 3

as an ultra-compact optical sensor is another option.

Figure 1(a) shows the most prominent etch feature

16

on natural diamond {111} surfaces, the so-called trigon:

To exploit these promising MR properties, an EU-

a triangular etch pit centred on an edge dislocation.

funded IST project has been initiated by the Lightwave

Figure 1(b) is a detail of Figure 1(a), which shows what

Device Group as part of a consortium that includes

happens when two trigons meet. The meeting point

companies such as Alcatel (NL), Nortel (UK) and PCAS

is a saddlepoint in the surface from which fast steps

(F); research institutes such as ENS Cachan (F) and IREE

are emanating: the V-shaped step sections scale with

(CR); and universities such as Hamburg Harburg (D), ETH (CH), Roma (I) and Montpellier (F). The objective of

the distance from the saddlepoint. The scaling allows us to extract the orientation dependence of the step velocity for a small range of step orientations [1]. This

Publications – E. van Veenendaal, F.K. de Theije, J. van Suchtelen and W.J.P. van

this NAIS (Next generation Advanced Integrated optics Subsystem) project is to demonstrate a potentially low-

Publications – D.J.W. Klunder, E. Krioukov, F.S. Tan, T. van der Veen, H.F.

information enables us to construct an analytical step

Enckevort: Simulation of step patterns on natural diamond {111}

cost, multi gigabit/s and multi-wavelength transceiver

Bulthuis, G. Sengo, C. Otto, H.J.W.M. Hoekstra, A. Driessen:

velocity function for the full orientation range. This is

surfaces. Diamond and Related Materials 11 (2002), p. 145.

for the optical access network. Figure 3 shows the

Vertically and laterally waveguide-coupled cylindrical

functional scheme, with all functions implemented

microresonators in Si3N4 on SiO2 technology. Appl. Phys. B.,

then used to reproduce the step patterns of Figure 1, using a self-developed simulation tool, based

– E. van Veenendaal, A. J. Nijdam, J. van Suchtelen, K. Sato, J.G.E. Gardeniers, W.J.P. van Enckevort and M. Elwenspoek: Simulation

on a single chip by applying active and passive MR

of wet chemical etching of silicon using a physical model.

structures.

Sensors and Actuators A 84 (2000), p. 324.

– E. van Veenendaal, A.J. Nijdam and J. van Suchtelen: Simulation of crystal shape evolution in two dimensions. J. Crystal Growth 235 (2002), p. 603.

73 (2001) p. 603-608.

– D. J. W. Klunder, M. L. M. Balistreri, F. C. Blom, H. J. W. M. Hoekstra, A. Driessen, L. Kuipers, and N. F. van Hulst: Detailed Analysis of the Intracavity Phenomena Inside a Cylindrical Microresonator. J. Lightw. Techn. 20 (2002) p. 519-529.

17

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HIGHLIGHTS

Femtosecond light pulses caught in the act

A new type of magnetic semiconductor

Ultra-short laser pulses will play a key role in the

of the light can be unambiguously determined.

Calcium hexaboride (CaB6) doped with lanthanum

telecommunication networks of the future. The

The local phase evolution is also measured in these

has puzzled magnetism researchers in recent years,

behaviour of fast pulses in nanostructured materials

time-resolved measurements.

primarily because it retains a modest ferromagnetism

such as photonic crystals is currently the recipient

even at 900 K. This is a surprisingly high Curie

of a great deal of attention, as both the direction

Figure 2 show the straight wavefronts formed by

temperature for a compound which does not contain

and the speed of the pulses can be manipulated.

the phase signal as contained within the amplitude

traditional magnetic metals such as nickel or iron.

Until now, it was only possible to perform the

envelope. The period of the wavefronts immediately

investigations indirectly: by looking from the outside.

yields the wavelength of the light inside the structure,

All of the explanations so far proposed for this have

In the context of the Advanced Photonic Structures

and thus the phase velocity of the pulse inside the

been based upon the assumption that the parent

project, the Applied Optics Group has developed an

waveguide.

material, CaB6, is a semi-metal. This conclusion

instrument to track femtosecond pulses in space and

was drawn from calculations performed within This novel method has significant potential for direct,

the framework of Density Functional Theory (the

local measurements of slowing down, dispersion,

importance of which was recognised with the award

The basis for this novel instrument is a conventional

self-phase modulation and spectra of short pulses

of a Nobel prize two years ago).

photon scanning tunnelling microscope. In photon

in (non)linear media, photonic crystals and other

tunnelling, the local evanescent field above a photonic

complex and advanced structures.

time as they propagate through a photonic structure.

structure is picked up by a near-field optical probe

However, this DFT framework was designed for calculating ground state properties and is known to

with a typical dimension that is much smaller than

Figure 1: Femtosecond

systematically underestimate band gaps – the well-

the wavelength of light. By raster scanning the probe

pulse tracked through

known semiconductor germanium is predicted by DFT

across the surface of the structure, the intensity

ridge waveguide (all

to be a semi-metal. A better framework for calculating

distribution of the light inside the structure is mapped

image sizes 144 mm

excitations is the so-called "GW approximation", which

with nanometer resolution.

¥ 14 mm). A: the

has been shown to predict the fundamental band gaps

topography of the

of anorganic semiconductors extremely well.

In 2001, the Applied Optics group showed that not

ridge waveguide (height 4 nm) that confines the light. B-F:

only the intensity distribution of the light but also

the amplitude of the optical signal as a function of position

In the Computational Materials Science group, such

its phase evolution could be visualised. Unexpected

with respect to the waveguide for increasing reference time

GW calculations were performed for CaB6, and it

phase singularities were discovered during these

in increments of 133 fs. The position of the heart of the signal

was found to have a band gap of 0.8 eV, comparable

experiments, and a new dimension has now been

as a function of time shows that the group velocity for this

to that of germanium. If this prediction is confirmed

added to the local optical measurements: time.

particular part of the waveguide is 1.67 ± 0.03 ¥ 108 m/s.

by experiments, then important applications await the compound in the field of spintronics. Here an

18

In these measurements, femtosecond laser pulses

Figure 2A: The

electron's spin -and not just its charge - carries

are coupled into the structure in question. The light

measured phase

information.

of a propagating femtosecond pulse that is locally

evolution within the

picked up (signal pulse) is mixed with a similar pulse

amplitude envelope

To date, it has been difficult to combine semiconductors

that has propagated along a reference path. The length

for the light in the

with magnetic metals due to a conductivity mismatch

of the reference path defines a reference time that

centre of the waveguide in fig. 1D: a fringe pattern with

which kills the spin polarised current injected into a

determines the time-overlap between the signal pulse

an asymmetric envelope is observed. B: the wavefronts for

semiconductor. Unlike doped CaB6, most conventional

and the reference pulse. At a certain position of the

the tail of the pulse in the waveguide structure. The period

magnetic semiconductors have low Curie temperatures.

probe, interference between the signal and reference

directly yields the wavelength inside the structure: 415 ± 6 nm,

In other words, they typically cease to be magnetic at

pulses will only be detected at the reference time when

which corresponds to a phase velocity of 1.97 ± 0.03 ¥ 108 m/s.

room temperature. In addition, it is frequently difficult

the pulse in the structure has reached the position of

to dope such semiconductors with both p-type and n-

the probe.

type.

Publications

Figure 1 shows the amplitude of the interference in a series of five measurements on pulse propagation

Publications This should not be a problem for CaB6. Entirely new

– M.L.M. Balistreri, H. Gersen, J.P. Korterik, L. Kuipers and

applications such as reprogrammable logic can be

in a ridge waveguide. The reference path has been

N.F. van Hulst: Tracking femtosecond light pulses in space

envisaged if a true spin-transistor exhibiting gain could

lengthened between each measurement, so that

and time. Science 294 (2001), p. 1080-1082.

be made with CaB6 in addition to magnetic sensors

the reference time increases from Figure B to F. The propagation of the heart of the pulse inside the structure is clear. From the displacement of the centre of the pulse with time, the so-called group velocity

and memory elements.

– H.J. Tromp, P. van Gelderen, P.J. Kelly, G. Brocks, and P.A. Bobbert: Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 016401 (2001).

– Two papers by Jeroen van den Brink from our group appeared in the list of most-cited Dutch physics publications since 1999, as compiled by the Dutch physics funding agency FOM: – J. van den Brink and D. Khomskii: Double-exchange via degenerate orbitals. Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 1016 (1999); – J. van den Brink, G. Khaliullin and D. Khomskii: Charge and orbital order in half-doped manganites. Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 5118 (1999).

19

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HIGHLIGHTS

Supported thin-film perovskite membranes for oxygen separation

Oxygen separation from air is a very important

Fig. 2 SEM micrographs

industrial process, one for which new applications

showing the surface (A) of

are continuously being found. Large-scale applications

the bare porous support,

are expected in the Alaskan gas fields, where oxidative

surface (B) and cross-

dehydrogenation will be used to transform methane

section (C) of the deposited

gas into high-value organic liquids. Small-scale

thin film.

applications, such as a portable oxygen generator for medical use, are also being developed on a commercial scale.

Cryogenic separation techniques are not an option for these production processes. New developments in materials science, however, have resulted in a group of perovskite-type ceramic oxides (ABO3, with A and B representing different types of cations) that exhibit mixed (ionic and electronic) conductivity.

The presence of multivalent cations leads to high

Fig. 3 Dependence of the oxygen flux on oxygen partial

electronic conductivity, while suitable doping increases

pressure maintained at the oxygen lean-side of the

the oxygen vacancy concentration and hence the

membrane at various temperatures for a supported

oxygen ionic conductivity. When a dense ceramic layer

20-mm-thick film membrane. Results for self-supported

is placed between two gas atmospheres with different

pressed disc membranes are shown for comparison.

partial pressures of oxygen (e.g. air and nitrogen),

Movement across these dense ceramic membranes can

oxygen gas will flow from the high-pressure side to

be modelled by classical Wagner theory (see Figure 1).

the low-pressure side. Oxygen dissociation and charge

This theory makes it obvious that the oxygen flux

transfer (ionisation) takes place at the high-pressure

will increase linearly at a rate inverse to membrane

layer with a thickness of ~20 mm. This combined

ambient/interface; the oxygen flux is then carried by

thickness, provided that the surface dissociation/

structural-functional ceramic system showed an

electrons and oxygen ions (through vacancy hopping).

association reactions are not rate limiting. As a result,

enhancement in oxygen flux by a factor of ~20 over

Once at the low-pressure side, the recombined oxygen

a significant enhancement of the oxygen flux can

that through a 2 mm thick self-supported membrane.

molecules desorb.

be realised by minimising the membrane thickness, provided that sufficient mechanical support can

Representative oxygen flux values are presented in

be added. To avoid a mismatch in thermal expansion

Figure 3 as a function of the low-PO2 side and of the

coefficients, it is advantageous to use the same

PLD-layer thickness. Analysis of the permeation fluxes

ceramic composition for the porous support.

as a function of layer thickness indicates a change from rate control by ionic transport to surface reaction

Recent advances in preparing homogeneous, defect-

control for a layer thickness of around 20-50 mm.

free porous substrates by colloidal filtration have

20

enabled us to prepare membrane supports of

A significant advantage of these types of semi-

La0.5Sr0.5CoO3-d with an average pore diameter

permeable oxygen membranes lies in the possibility

of 0.40 mm. Subsequently, 5 to 20 mm thick dense

of combining the controlled oxygen delivery with

ceramic layers were successfully deposited on these

a (catalysed) oxygenation (or dehydration) reaction.

polished substrates using Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD).

The research was carried out within the Strategic

Publications

Research Orientation MASIF, and was a cooperation Figure 2A shows the, bare, polished porous support and

between the Inorganic Materials Science group and

Fig. 1. Schematic of a supported mixed-conducting perovskite

Figure 2B the deposited, continuous membrane layer.

the Low Temperature Division group.

thin-film membrane.

Figure 2C shows a cross section of the supported La0.5Sr0.5CoO3-d membrane, indicating a defect-free

– L.M. van der Haar: Mixed-conducting perovskite membranes for oxygen separation – Towards the development of a supported thin-film membrane. PhD Thesis, University of Twente (2001).

– E.A.F. Span: Oxygen-permeable perovskite thin-film membranes by pulsed laser deposition. PhD Thesis, University of Twente (2001).

– Henny J.M. Bouwmeester, L. Marco van der Haar, Henk Verweij, Edward A.F. Span, Horst Rogalla and Dave H.A. Blank: High-flux perovskite thin-film membranes for oxygen separation (to be submitted).

21

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HIGHLIGHTS

Spin filter contacts for spin-injection into a semiconductor

Research Highlight 2001 MTP (Title needed)

What started as a search for the fundamental origin of

The controlled patterning of surfaces on various length

magnetocurrent effects in the spin-valve transistor has

scales is of tremendous importance in current and

now led to an alternative approach for the injection

future micro and nanoscale technologies. Exciting

of an almost completely spin-polarized current into

progress in the area of patterned etch-resistant

a semiconductor. The new method may be applied in

polymers was achieved by the MTP group during 2001.

future spintronic devices and circuits, in magnetic field sensors, MRAM (Magno Random Access Memory – or

Firstly, we have shown that polymers based on

does every reader know this?) or re-programmable logic

poly(ferrocenyldimethylsilane) (PFS) can be utilised

boards.

to form patterns on length scales of > 10 Âľm (layer by layer assembly of novel water-soluble PFS derivatives)

Across the globe, researchers are working on a

down to the 25 nm level (PFS-organic block copolymers),

revolutionary type of electronics that relies on the

and that these patterns can be transferred into an

electron spin, rather than its charge. Starting with

underlying substrate (e.g. silicon, silicon nitride)

metallic systems, the interest has recently shifted

by a simple one-step reactive ion etching procedure (1).

towards manipulation of spins in semiconductors.

Figure 1: Spin filtering due to spin-dependent transmission

As a result, virtually any length scale can be achieved

An important first step is the controlled injection

of a ferromagnetic thin film. The attenuation of minority spin

via this simple, yet highly effective strategy.

of a spin-polarized current into a semiconductor.

hot electrons (in blue) is much stronger than that of majority

Unfortunately, despite extensive efforts the success

spins (red).

The second area can be termed a genuine breakthrough

has been limited. The simple approach for injecting

- the application of nanometer scale patterns in the

electrons (passing a current from a ferromagnetic

formation of a cobalt magnetic dot array (2). Single-

metal contact into the semiconductor) shows negligible

domain cobalt dot arrays have been fabricated in

spin-polarization, while alternative approaches so far

collaboration with the groups of Professors Ross

require low temperature and/or large magnetic fields.

and Thomas (both MIT) using the above-mentioned self-assembled block copolymer lithography with

Now, new prospects have arisen from basic research

a magnetic particle density of 30 Gparticles cm -2.

Special report (cover story) on MESA+ in Chemical

on the spin-transport of hot electrons [1,2], performed in the Systems and Materials for Information storage (SMI) group of MESA+. While investigating the origin

The process, which is generally applicable to a wide

Engineering News (see: http://cen.acs.org/isubscribe/

variety of materials, can pattern large areas, such as 10

journals/cen/79/i06/html/7906sci1.html).

of the large magnetic response of the spin-valve

cm diameter wafers. In addition, by controlling particle

transistor, it was found that a thin magnetic layer acts

sizes and spacing through the choice of the block

as a surprisingly efficient spin-filter for hot electrons.

Figure 2: Contact geometry of a hot-electron spin-filter

copolymer template and etching conditions, magnetic

As shown in Figure 1, the much stronger attenuation

for injection of a highly spin-polarized current into

properties such as coercivity, anisotropy, magnetostatic

of the minority spin hot electrons in a ferromagnet

a semiconductor.

interactions and thermal stability are adjustable in

causes the transmitted current to be highly spin-

this fabrication system through both the geometric

polarized. For example, a spin-polarization of 96%

parameters of the particle array and the composition

was determined for a 5 nm thick film of Ni80Fe20.

and growth of the magnetic thin film.

The filtering effect is barely reduced at room temperature, and can be manipulated with small magnetic fields. This makes it an attractive approach and opens the way to actually building semiconductor

22

This work was published in

spin-devices. To do that, we use the contact geometry given in Figure 2, in which hot tunnelling electrons

1 Lammertink, R.G.H., Hempenius, M.A., Chan, V.Z.-H., Thomas,

This work was published in

are filtered by a ferromagnetic thin film, just prior to entering the semiconductor. To fabricate the structures, SMI is collaborating with IBM Almaden Research

Etch Barrier Applications. Chemistry of Materials, 13, p. 429-434 1 R. Jansen, S.D. Kim, R. Vlutters, O.M.J. van 't Erve and J.C. Lodder, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 166601 (2001).

Centre, where in 2001 Ph.D student Olaf van 't Erve fabricated our first magnetic tunnel transistors.

E.L., Vancso, G.J.: Poly(ferrocenyldimethylsilanes) for reactive Ion

(2001); Hempenius, M.A., Robins, N.S., Lammertink, R.G.H., Vancso, G.J.: Organometallic Polyelectrolytes: Synthesis, Characterization and Layer-By-Layer Deposition of Cationic

2 R. Vlutters, R. Jansen, O.M.J. van 't Erve, S.D. Kim and J.C. Lodder, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 027202 (2002).

Poly(ferrocenyl(3-ammoniumpropyl)methylsilane). Macromol.

Rapid. Commun., 22, p. 30-33 (2001) (cover story).

2 Cheng, J.Y., Ross, C.A., Chan, V.Z.-H., Thomas, E.L., Lammertink, R.G.H., Julius,G.: Vancso, Formation of a Cobalt Magnetic Dot Array via Block Copolymer Lithography. Advanced Materials, 13, no. 15, p. 1174-1178 (2001).

23

PUBLICATIONS

PUBLICATIONS

MESA+ Scientific Publications 2001

On-chip Hydrodynamic Chromatography

Hydrodynamic chromatography (HDC) is a well-known

Figure 2: Schematic

technique for the separation of biopolymers and

of the chip design – a

synthetic polymers, which can be performed in

sample plug is injected

micrometer-sized capillaries. Separation takes place

into the buffer flow

due to the fact that, in a generated parabolic velocity

through narrow inlet

profile, the larger particles are positioned more in

slits. The separation

the high-velocity regions in the centre of the channel

channel is 1 µm high,

particles (Figure 1).

0.5-1 mm wide and 80 mm long.

Since capillary HDC suffers from low detection volumes due to the required small capillary diameters, a chipbased HDC system was realised (Figure 2). It comprises a wide, shallow (1 µm deep) separation channel, which combines a large cross section with the small dimension necessary for separation. The prototype system consists of an integrated injector and separation channel in which detection is performed optically by fluorescent labelling of the fractions (Figure 3).

Figure 3: Top view of the separation of 26nm particles and fluorescein: injection of the sample plug (above), separation

A viscosity detector suitable for integration with

(below).

the HDC chip was simultaneously developed. This viscometer (Figure 4) consists of a newly developed and patented design, based on a hydraulic version of the Wheatstone bridge with a built-in time delay [1].

In addition to integrating detection, future developments for the HDC chip include the realisation of a fused silica version. This chip will be more transparent for UV light, thus enabling UV absorption detection - a powerful detection technique in polymer analysis.

Figure 4: A finished viscosity detector.

24

Publications – Chmela, E., Blom, M.T., Gardeniers, J.G.E., Van den Berg, A., Tijssen, R.: A chip system for size separation of macromolecules and particles by hydrodynamic

Figure 1: The HDC separation principle.

chromatography. Submitted to Anal. Chem.

(1) European patent application, no. PCT/NL01/00365

PHD THESES Bearda, T. Gate Oxide Evaluation by Characterisation of Oxide Breakdown.

(2001, november 16). 136 pp. Enschede, the Netherlands Thesis advisor(s): Prof.dr. P.H. Woerlee, Prof.dr. H. Wallinga.

ISBN: 90-365-1656-0 Boselli, G. On High Injection Mechanisms in Semiconductor Devices under ESD Conditions.

(2001, april 6). 178 pp. Enschede, the Netherlands Universiteit Twente Thesis advisor(s): Prof.dr.ir. F.G. Kuper, Prof.dr.ir. A.J. Mouthaan. ISBN: 90-365-1554-8 Burger, J.F. Cryogenic Microcooling, A micromachined cold stage operating with a sorption compressor in a vapor compression cycle. (2001, januari 12). 269 pp. University of Twente Thesis advisor(s): Prof. H. Rogalla, Prof.dr. M.C. Elwenspoek, Dr.ir. H.J.M. ter Brake. ISBN: 90-365-1536-X Esser, M. Kinetically Controlled Si-Epitaxy on Si(100) and Ge(100). (2001, september 13).

Enschede Solid State Physics Group, University of Twente Thesis advisor(s): Prof.dr.ir. B. Poelsema, Dr.ir. H. Wormeester.

ISBN: 90-365-1641-2 Gelderen, P. van The nature of the band gap in switchable mirror metal hydrides. (2001, november 9). 146 pp. Thesis advisor(s): Prof.dr.

P.J. Kelly, Prof.dr. R.A. de Groot, P.A. Bobbert.

Haar, L.M. van der Mixed-conducting perovskite membranes for oxygen separation.

Towards the development of a supported thin-film membrane. (2001, juni 21). 118 pp.

Enschede Universiteit Twente Thesis advisor(s): Prof.dr.ir. H. Verweij. ISBN: 9036516153 Hendriks, M.G.H.M. Solid state supercapacitors based on metal/yttria stabilised zirconia composites. (2001, oktober 5). 118 pp. Enschede universiteit Twente Thesis advisor(s): Prof.dr.ir. H. Verweij.

ISBN: 9036516307 Jong, M.R. de Cyclodextrins for sensing.

Solution, surface and single molecule chemistry. (2001, september 26). 134 pp.

Enschede Thesis advisor(s): Prof.dr.ir. D.N. Reinhoudt, Dr.ir. J. Huskens.

ISBN: 90-365-1653-6 Levi, S.A. Supramolecular chemistry at the nanometer level. (2001, december 21). 170 pp.

Enschede Thesis advisor(s): Prof.dr.ir. D.N. Reinhoudt, Dr.ir. F.C.J.M. van Veggel.

ISBN: 90-365-1671-4

Mahmoudi, R. A multidisciplinary design method for second and third generation mobile communication system microwave components. (2001, november 23). 170 pp.

Thesis advisor(s): prof.dr. J.L. Tauritz, prof.dr. R. Prasad. ISBN: 90-365-1661-7 Manen, H.W.J. van Functional metallodendrimers. From solution ensembles to surface-confinement. (2001, september 28).

186 pp. Enschede Thesis advisor(s): Prof.dr.ir.

D.N. Reinhoudt, Dr.ir. F.C.J.M. van Veggel.

ISBN: 90-365-1629-3 Michels, J.J. Cyclodextrin assemblies based on multiple non-covalent interactions. (2001, juni 28). 151 pp. Enschede Thesis advisor(s): Prof.dr.ir. D.N. Reinhoudt, Dr.ir. J. Huskens.

ISBN: 90-365-1596-3 Nguyen Hoang, V. Chemical Mechanical Polishing of Copper. (2001, september 20).

114 pp. Enschede, the Netherlands Thesis advisor(s): Prof.dr. P.H. Woerlee, Dr.ir. H. van Kranenburg. ISBN: 90-365-1659-5 Nijdam, A.J. Anisotropic wet-chemical etching of silicon pits, peaks, principles, pyramids and particles. (2001, januari 18).

124 pp. Enschede, The Netherlands University of Twente Thesis advisor(s): Prof.dr. M.C. Elwenspoek, E. Vlieg, Dr. J.G.E. Gardeniers.

ISBN: 90-365-15351 Pickering, J.P. Interfacial Materials Properties of Polymers: From Mesoscale to Nanoscale Contacts. (2001, maart 16). 191 pp. Enschede Universiteit Twente Thesis advisor(s): Prof.dr.

G.J. Vancso. ISBN: 90 36515653 Prins, L.J. Non-covalent synthesis of chiral hydrogen-bonded assemblies. (2001, augustus 31). 224 pp. Enschede Thesis advisor(s): Prof.dr.ir. D.N. Reinhoudt, Dr.ir. P. Timmerman.

ISBN: 90-365-1627-7 Rabbers, J.J. AC Loss in Superconducting Tapes and Coils. (2001, oktober 5). 202 pp.

Enschede Universiteit Twente Thesis advisor(s): Prof.dr.ir. H.H.J. ten Kate, Dr.ir. B. ten Haken. ISBN: 90-365-1648-X Rijnders, A.J.H.M. The Intial Growth of Complex Oxides: Study and Manipulation.

(2001, oktober 31). 144 pp. Enschede Printpartners Ipskamp Thesis advisor(s): Prof. H. Rogalla, Dr.ing. D.H.A. Blank.

ISBN: 90-365-1657-9 Römer, E.W.J. Amperometric NOx sensor for combustion exhaust gas control. Studies on transport properties and catalytic activity of oxygen permeable ceramic membranes. (2001, april 27). 139 pp. Enschede Universiteit Twente Thesis advisor(s): Prof.dr.ir. H. Verweij. ISBN: 9036515734

Smilde, H.J.H. Josephson Contacts between High-Tc and Low-Tc Superconductors. (2001, september 19). 212 pp. Enschede FEBO druk Thesis advisor(s): Prof. H. Rogalla, Dr.ing.

D.H.A. Blank, Dr.ir. J.W.M. Hilgenkamp. ISBN: 90-365-1636-6 Span, E.A.F. Oxygen-Permeable Perovskite Thin-Film Membranes by Pulsed Laser Deposition. (2001, november 1). 142 pp.

Enschede Printpartners Ipskamp Thesis advisor(s): Prof. H. Rogalla, Dr.ing. D.H.A. Blank. ISBN: 90-365-1663-3 Stoffer, R. Uni- and omnidirectional simulation tools for integrated optics. (2001, mei 3).

116 pp. Enschede Thesis advisor(s): Prof.dr.ir.

E.W.C. van Groesen, Dr. H.J.W.M. Hoekstra.

ISBN: 90-365-1576-9 Vaucher, C.S. Architectures for RF frequency sythesizers. (2001, augustus 30). Enschede, The Netherlands University of Twente Thesis advisor(s): prof.dr.ir. B. Nauta.

Veenendaal, E. van From an atomistic to a continuum description of crystal growth application to wet chemical etching of silicon..

(2001, maart 20). 315 pp. Nijmegen Thesis advisor(s): E. Vlieg, Prof.dr. M.C. Elwenspoek.

ISBN: 90-3730560-1 Veenstra, T.T. MAFIAS: An integrated lab-on-a-chip for the measurement of ammonium. (2001, juni 22). 134 pp. Enschede, The Netherlands University of Twente Thesis advisor(s): Prof.dr.ir. A. van den Berg, Prof.dr.

M.C. Elwenspoek. ISBN: 90-365-1602-1 Vlutters, R. Hot-electron transport in the spin-valve transistor. (2001, mei 18). 142 pp.

University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands University of Twente Thesis advisor(s): Dr. J.C. Lodder, Prof.dr. T.J.A. Popma. ISBN: 9036515858 Woudenberg, F.C.M. Nanostructured oxide coatings via modified emulsion precipitation.

(2001, juni 28). 134 pp. Enschede universiteit Twente Thesis advisor(s): Prof.dr.ir. H. Verweij.

ISBN: 9036516145 Zivkovic, V. Testability in Hardware/Software Codesign Systems. (2001, oktober 19). 144 pp.

Enschede, the Netherlands Thesis advisor(s): Prof.dr. H. Wallinga, Dr.ir. H.G. Kerkhoff. ISBN: 90-365-1645-5 Zoethout, E. Growth and Dynamics of Strained Surfaces. (2001, september 13). 94 pp.

Enschede Solid State Physics Group, University of Twente Thesis advisor(s): Prof.dr.ir. B. Poelsema, Dr.ir. H.J.W. Zandvliet.

ISBN: 90-365-1633-1

25

PUBLICATIONS

PUBLICATIONS

ACADEMIC PUBLICATIONS JOURNAL ARTICLES (REFEREED)

26

Ackaert, J. , Wang, Z., Backer, E., Colson, P., Coppens, P. Non Contact Surface Potential Measurements for Charging Reduction During Manufacturing of Metal-Insulator-Metal Capacitors. Microelectronics reliability 41, (2001). (pp. 1403-1407) ISSN: 0026-2714 Afanasieva, T.V. , Koval, I., Nakhodkin, N., Pyatnitsky, M.Y., Zandvliet, H.J.W. Rotation of Ge ad-dimers on Ge(001). Surface science 482-485, (2001). (pp. 702-707) ISSN: 0039-6028 Allier, C.P. , Hollander, R.W., Eijk, C.W.E. van, Sarro, P.M., Czirr, J.B., Chaminade, J.P., Fouassier, C., Boer, M.J. de Thin photodiodes for a neutron scintillator silicon-well detector.

IEEE transactions on nuclear science nr: 4, 48, (2001). (pp. 1154-1157) ISSN: 0018-9499 Annema, A.J. , Geelen, G.J.G.M., Jong, P. de 5.5V I/O in a 2.5-um CMOS Technology. IEEE journal of solid-state circuits nr: 3, 36, (2001). (pp. 528-538) ISSN: 0018-9200 Baar, J.J. van , Wiegerink, R.J., Lammerink, T.S.J., Krijnen, G.J.M., Elwenspoek, M.C. Micro-machined structures for thermal measurements of fluid and flow parameters.

Journal of micromechanics and microengineering 11, (2001). (pp. 311-318) ISSN: 0960-1317 Bakker, B.I. de , Garcia parajo, M.F., Rensen, W.H.J., Hulst, N.F. van, Lange, F. de, Cambi, A., Figdor, C.G. Study of individual transmembrane proteins using a combined confocal/near field optical microscope.

Biophysical journal nr: 1, 80, (2001). (pp. 150a-150a) ISSN: 0006-3495 Bal, K. , Kirilyuk, A., Rasing, T., Luo, Y., Samwer, K., Haast, M.A.M., Lodder, J.C. CoNi/Pt interface roughness probed by nonlinear Magneto-optics, x-ray scattering and atomic force microscopy. Journal of applied physics nr: 8, 89, (2001). (pp. 4670-4672) ISSN: 0021-8979 Balistreri, M.L.M. , Korterik, J.P., Kuipers, L., Hulst, N.F. van Phase mapping of optical fields in integrated optical waveguide structures.

Journal of lightwave technology nr: 8, 19, (2001). (pp. 1169-1176) ISSN: 0733-8724 Balistreri, M.L.M. , Klunder, D.J.W., Blom, F.C., Driessen, A., Korterik, J.P., Kuipers, L., Hulst, N.F. van Experimental analysis of the whispering-gallery modes in a cylindrical optical microcavity. Journal of the Optical Society of America B (Optical physics) nr: 4, 18, (2001). (pp. 465-471) ISSN: 0740-3224 Balistreri, M.L.M. , Korterik, J.P., Veldhuis, G.J., Kuipers, L., Hulst, N.F. van Quantitative photon tunneling and shear-force microscopy of planar waveguide splitter and mixers.

Journal of applied physics nr: 6, 89, (2001). (pp. 3307-3314) ISSN: 0021-8979 Balistreri, M.L.M. , Gersen, H., Korterik, J.P.,

Kuipers, L., Hulst, N.F. van Tracking Femtosecond Laser Pulses in Space and Time.

Science nr: 5544, 294, (2001). (pp. 1080-1082) ISSN: 0036-8075 Balistreri, M.L.M. , Korterik, J.P., Kuipers, L., Hulst, N.F. van Visualization of mode transformation in a planar waveguide splitter by near-field optical phase imaging. Applied physics letters nr: 7, 79, (2001). (pp. 910-912) ISSN: 0003-6951 Bals, S. , Rijnders, A.J.H.M., Blank, D.H.A., Tendeloo, G. van TEM of ultra-thin DyBCO films deposited on TiO2 terminated SrTiO3.

Physica C 355, (2001). (pp. 225-230) ISSN: 0921-4534 Bangma, M. , Rijpma, A.P., Vries, E. de, Reincke, H., Holland, H.J., Brake, H.J.M. ter, Rogalla, H. Interference characterisation of a commercial Joule-Thomson cooler to be used in a SQUID-based heart monitor. Cryogenics 41, (2001). (pp. 657-663) ISSN: 0011-2275 Bartolome pocar, M.E. , Cam贸n, A., Ses茅, J., Rillo, C., Flokstra, J., Rietveld, G., Rogalla, H. Resistance bridge based on the cryogenic current comparator in a transport dewar. IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity 11, (2001). (pp. 867-870) ISSN: 1051-8223 Bauer, G.E.W. , Nazarov, Y.V., HuertasHernando, D., Brataas, A., Xia, K., Kelly, P.J. Semiclassical concepts in magnetoelectronics. Materials science and engineering B: solid-state materials for advanced technology 84, (2001). (pp. 31-36) ISSN: 0921-5107 Bearda, T. , Woerlee, P.H., Wallinga, H., Heyns, M.M. Charge Transport after Hard Breakdown in Gate Oxides. Solid-state electronics ISSN: 0038-1101 Belogolovskii, M. , Golubov, A., Grajcar, M., Kupriyanov, M..Y., Seidel, P. Charge transport across a mesoscopic superconductor normal metal junction: coherence and decoherence effects. Physica C 357, (2001). (pp. 1592-1595) ISSN: 0921-4534 Benedetti, P. , Brink, J.G.J. van den, Pavarini, E., Vigliante, A., Wochner, P. Ab initio calculation of resonant x-ray scattering in manganites. Physical review B Condensed matter 63, (2001). (pp. 060408/1-060408/4) ISSN: 0163-1829 Benes, N.E. , Spijksma, G.I., Verweij, H., Wormeester, H., Poelsema, B. CO2 sorption of a thin silica layer determined by spectroscopic ellipsometry. AIChE journal: chemical engineering research and development nr: 5, 47, (2001). (pp. 1212-1218) ISSN: 0001-1541 Benes, N.E. , Jobic, H., Verweij, H. Quasielastic neutron scattering study of the mobility of methane in microporous silica. Microporous and mesoporous materials 43, (2001). (pp. 14752) ISSN: 1387-1811 Bielejewska, A.G. , Marjo, C.E., Prins, L.J., Timmerman, P., Jong, F. de, Reinhoudt, D.N. Thermodynamic stabilities of linear and crinkled tapes and cyclic rosettes in melamine-cyanurate assemblies: a model description. Journal of the American Chemical Society 123, (2001). (pp. 7518-7533)

ISSN: 0002-7863 Biesheuvel, P.M. , Lint, W.B.S. de Application of the charge regulation model to the separation of ions by hydrophilic membranes.

Journal of colloid and interface science nr: 6, 241, (2001). (pp. 422-427) ISSN: 0021-9797 Biesheuvel, P.M. , Breedveld, L.V.A., Higler, A.P., Verweij, H. Graded membrane supports produced by centrifugal casting of a slightly polydisperse suspension. Chemical engineering science 56, (2001). (pp. 3517-3525) ISSN: 0009-2509 Biesheuvel, P.M. , Verweij, H., Breedveld, L.V.A. Evaluation of instability criterion for bidisperse sedimentation. AIChE journal: chemical engineering research and development nr: 1, 47, (2001). (pp. 45-52) ISSN: 0001-1541 Blank, D.H.A. , Hilgenkamp, J.W.M., Brinkman, A., Mijatovic, D., Rijnders, A.J.H.M., Rogalla, H. Superconducting Mg-B films by pulsed-laser deposition in an in situ two-step process using multicomponent targets. Applied physics letters nr: 3, 79, (2001). (pp. 394-396) ISSN: 0003-6951 Blom, M.T. , Chmela, E., Gardeniers, J.G.E., Berenschot, J.W., Elwenspoek, M.C., Tijssen, R., Berg, A. van den Local anodic bonding of Kovar to Pyrex aimed at high-pressure, solvent-resistant microfluidic connections.

Journal of micromechanics and microengineering 11, (2001). (pp. 382-385) ISSN: 0960-1317 Blom, M.T. , Chmela, E., Gardeniers, J.G.E., Berenschot, J.W., Elwenspoek, M.C., Tijssen, R., Berg, A. van den Failure mechanisms of pressurized microchannels, model and experiments. Journal of microelectromechanical systems nr: 1, 10, (2001). (pp. 158-164) ISSN: 1057-7157 Bohm, S. , Pijanowska, D., Olthuis, W., Bergveld, P. A flow-through amperometric sensor based on dialysis tubing and free enzyme reactors. Biosensors and bioelectronics 16, (2001). (pp. 391-397) ISSN: 0956-5663 Bommel, K.J.C. van , Jong, M.R. de, Metselaar, G.A., Verboom, W., Huskens, J., Hulst, A.J.R.L., Kooijman, H., Spek, A.L., Reinhoudt, D.N. Complexation and (templated) synthesis of rhenium complexes with cyclodextrins and cyclodextrin dimers in water. Chemistry: a European journal 7, (2001). (pp. 3603-3615) ISSN: 0947-6539 Bommel, K.J.C. van , Metselaar, G.A., Verboom, W., Reinhoudt, D.N. Water-soluble adamantane-terminated dendrimers possessing a rhenium core. Journal of organic chemistry 66, (2001). (pp. 5405-5412) ISSN: 0022-3263 Bommel, K.J.C. van , Friggeri, A., Mateman, D., Geurts, F.A.J., Leerdam, K.G.C., Verboom, W., Veggel, F.C.J.M. van, Reinhoudt, D.N. Self-assembled monolayers on gold for the fabrication of radioactive stents. Advanced functional materials 11, (2001). (pp. 140-146) ISSN: 1616-301X Boselli, G. , Meeuwsen, S., Mouthaan, A.J.,

Kuper, F.G. Investigations on double-diffused MOS transistors under ESD zap conditions.

Microelectronics reliability nr: 41, 2001, (2001). (pp. 395-405) ISSN: 0026-2714 Boukamp, B.A. Interpretation of an 'inductive loop' in the impedance of an oxygen ion conducting electrolyte/metal electrode system. Solid state ionics 143, (2001). (pp. 47-55) ISSN: 0167-2738 Bouwman, P.J. , Boukamp, B.A., Bouwmeester, H.J.M., Wondergem, H.J., Notten, P.H.L. Structural analysis of submicrometer LiCoO2 films. Journal of the Electrochemical Society nr: 4, 148, (2001). (pp. A311-A317) ISSN: 0013-4651 Brammertz, G. , Golubov, A., Peacock, A., Verhoeve, P., Goldie, D.J. Modelling the energy gap in transition metal/aluminium bilayers. Physica C 350, (2001). (pp. 227-236) ISSN: 0921-4534 Brammertz, G. , Poelaert, P.A., Golubov, A., Verhoeve, P., Peacock, A., Rogalla, H. Generalized proximity effect model in superconducting bi- and trilayer films. Journal of applied physics 90, (2001). (pp. 355-364) ISSN: 0021-8979 Brink, J.G.J. van den Orbital Excitations in LaMnO3. Physical review letters 87, (2001). (pp. 217202/1-217202/4) ISSN: 0031-9007 Brink, J.G.J. van den , Khaliullin, G., Khomskii, D. Reply on 'Coulomb interaction and instrability of CE-type structure in halfdoped manganites. Physical review letters 86, (2001). (pp. 5842-5843) ISSN: 0031-9007 Brink, J.G.J. van den , Khomskii, D. Orbital ordering of complex orbitals in doped Mott insulators. Physical review B Condensed matter nr: R, 63, (2001). (pp. 10416/1-10416/4) ISSN: 0163-1829 Brinkman, A. , Mijatovic, D., Rijnders, A.J.H.M., Leca, V., Smilde, H.J.H., Oomen, I., Golubov, A., Roesthuis, F.J.G., Harkema, S., Hilgenkamp, J.W.M., Blank, D.H.A., Rogalla, H. Superconducting thin films of MgB2 on Si by pulsed laser deposition. Physica C nr: 1-2, 353, (2001). (pp. 1-4) ISSN: 0921-4534 Brinkman, A. , Cassel, D., Golubov, A., Kupriyanov, M..Y., Siegel, M., Rogalla, H. Double-barrier Josephnson junctions: theory and experiment. IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity nr: 1, 11, (2001). (pp. 1146-1149) ISSN: 1051-8223 Brinkman, A. , Veldhuis, D., Mijatovic, D., Rijnders, A.J.H.M., Blank, D.H.A., Hilgenkamp, J.W.M., Rogalla, H. Superconducting quantum interference device based on MgB2 nanobridges. Applied physics letters nr: 15, 79, (2001). (pp. 2420-2422) ISSN: 0003-6951 Brocks, G.H.L.A. , Havinga, E.E. Small band gap polymers based upon anti-aromatic monomers. Synthetic metals 119, (2001). (pp. 93-94) ISSN: 0379-6779 Brocks, G.H.L.A. Charged oligothiphene dimers and pi-stacks: the bipolaron revisited.

Synthetic metals 119, (2001). (pp. 253-254) ISSN: 0379-6779 Bruccoleri, F. , Klumperink, E.A.M., Nauta, B.

Generating All 2-Transistor Circuits Leads to New Wide-Band CMOS LNAs (M106). IEEE journal of solid-state circuits (2001). ISSN: 0018-9200 Bulavenko, S.Y. , Koval, I., Melnik, P., Nakhodkin, N., Zandvliet, H.J.W. STM investigation of the initial adsorption stage of Bi on Si(100)-(2x1) and Ge(100)-(2x1) surfaces.

Surface science 482-485, (2001). (pp. 370-375) ISSN: 0039-6028 Bystrova, S. , Holleman, J., Woerlee, P.H. Growth and Properties of LPCVD W-Si-N Barrier Layers. Microelectronic engineering nr: 1-4, 55, (pp. 189-195) ISSN: 0167-9317 Cassel, D. , Pickartz, G., Siegel, M., Goldobin, E., Kohlstedt, H., Brinkman, A., Golubov, A., Kupriyanov, M..Y., Rogalla, H. Influence of the transparency of tunnel barriers in Nb/Al2O3/Al/Al2O3/Nb junctions on transport properties. Physica C 350, (2001). (pp. 276-290) ISSN: 0921-4534 Chen, X.Y. , Johansen, J.A., Salm, C., Rheenen, A.D. van On low-frequency noise of polycrystalline GexSi1-x for sub-micron CMOS technologies. Solid-state electronics nr: 45, (2001). (pp. 1967-1971) ISSN: 0038-1101 Chen, C.S. , Zhang, Z.P., Jiang, G.S., Fan, C.G., Liu, W., Bouwmeester, H.J.M. Oxygen permeation through La0.4Sr0.6Co0.2Fe0.8)3-d membrane. Chemistry of materials 13, (2001). (pp. 2797-2800) ISSN: 0897-4756 Chen, C.S. , Ran, S., Liu, W., Yang, P.H., Peng, D.K., Bouwmeester, H.J.M. Yba2Cu3O6delta as an oxygen separation membrane.

Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in English nr: 4, 40, (2001). (pp. 784-786) ISSN: 0570-0833 Choi, J. , Eom, C.B., Rijnders, A.J.H.M., Rogalla, H., Blank, D.H.A. Growth mode transition from layer-by-layer to step-flow during the growth of heteroepitaxial SrRu)3 on (001) SrTiO3. Applied physics letters 79, (2001). (pp. 1447-1449) ISSN: 0003-6951 Crego calama, M. , Reinhoudt, D.N. New materials for metal ion sensing by selfassembled monolayers on glass. Advanced materials 13, (2001). (pp. 1171-1174) ISSN: 0935-9648 Dam, T.V.A. , Olthuis, W., Bergveld, P. Electrochemical charactization of Prussian Blue by using the E-MOSFET. Sensors and actuators B (Chemical) 78, (2001). (pp. 310-314) ISSN: 0925-4005 Dessein, K. , Anil Kumar, P.S., Boeck, J. de, Delaey, L., Borghs, G. Improvement of the transfer coefficient of GaAs/Si spin-valve transistors. Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials 226-230, (2001). (pp. 2081-2083) ISSN: 0304-8853 Dessein, K. , Anil Kumar, P.S., Nemeth, S., Delaey, L., Borghs, G., Boeck, J. de The vacuum metal bonding tehcnique as an alternative method for the fabrication of metal/semiconductor heterostructures.

Journal of crystal growth 227-228, (2001). (pp. 906) ISSN: 0022-0248 Dijken, S. van , Bruin, D. de, Poelsema, B. Kinetic physical etching for versatile novel

design of well ordered self-affine nanogrooves. Physical review letters nr: 20, 86, (2001). (pp. 4608-4611) ISSN: 0031-9007 Dijken, S. van , Di santo, G., Poelsema, B. Influence of the deposition angle on the magnetic anisotropy in thin Co films on Cu(001). Physical review B Condensed matter 63, (2001). (pp. 104431-1-104431-10) ISSN: 0163-1829 Dinapoli, R. , Campbell, M., Cantatore, E., Cencelli, V., Heijne, E., Jarron, P., Lamanna, P., Quiquempoix, V., San Segundo Bello, D., Koningsveld, B. van, Wyllie, K., O'shea, V. A front-end for silicon pixel detectors in ALICE and LHCb. Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment nr: 1-3, 461, (2001). (pp. 492-495) ISSN: 0168-9002 Dormann, J. , Ruoff, A., Schatz, J., Middel, O., Verboom, W., Reinhoudt, D.N. A vibrational spectroscopic study of clathrates of resorcarene-based cavitands. Journal of physical organic chemistry 14, (2001). (pp. 704-708) ISSN: 0894-3230 Duan, N. , Elshof, J.E. ten, Verweij, H. Sintering and electrical properties of PZT/Pt dual-phase composites. Journal of the European Ceramic Society nr: 13, 21, (2001). (pp. 2325-2329) ISSN: 0955-2219 Dudarev, A.V. , Boxman, E.W., Kate, H.H.J. ten, Anashkin, O., Keilin, V.E., Lysenko, V. The BOO coil in the ATLAS magnet test facility.

IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity nr: 1, 11, (2001). (pp. 1582-1585) ISSN: 1051-8223 Eckert, R. , Freyland, J.M., Gersen, H., Heinzelmann, H., Schurmann, G. Near-field optical microscopy based on microfabricated probes. Journal of microscopy 202, (2001). (pp. 7-11) ISSN: 0022-2720 Elshof, J.E. ten , Hendriks, M.G.H.M., Bouwmeester, H.J.M., Verweij, H. The nearsurface defect structure of yttria-stabilised zirconia determined by measurement of the differential capacity. Journal of materials chemistry nr: 10, 11, (2001). (pp. 2564-2571) ISSN: 0959-9428 Erve, O.M.J. van 't , Anil Kumar, P.S., Jansen, R., Kim, S.D., Vlutters, R., Lodder, J.C., Smits, A.A., Jonge, W.J.M. de Noise properties of the spin-valve transistor. Sensors and actuators A (Physical) 91, (2001). (pp. 192-195) ISSN: 0924-4247 Esser, M. , Wormeester, H., Poelsema, B. Breakdown of the simple kinematic approximation models in high-resolution LEED characterization of the initial growth of Si/Si(111). Surface science 482-485, (2001). (pp. 1355-1361) ISSN: 0039-6028 Fiammengo, R. , Crego calama, M., Reinhoudt, D.N. Synthetic self-assembled models with biomimetic functions. Current opinion in chemical biology 5, (2001). (pp. 660-673) ISSN: 1367-5931

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Flink, S. , Veggel, F.C.J.M. van, Reinhoudt, D.N. Functionalization of self-assembled monolayers on glass and oxidized silicon wafers by surface reactions. Journal of physical organic chemistry 14, (2001). (pp. 407-415) ISSN: 0894-3230 Flück, E. , Otter, A.M., Korterik, J.P., Balistreri, M.L.M., Kuipers, L., Hulst, N.F. van Local phase measurements of light in a one-dimensional photonic crystal. Journal of microscopy 202, (2001). (pp. 104-109) ISSN: 0022-2720 Fochi, F. , Jacopozzi, P., Wegelius, E., Rissanen, K., Cozzini, P., Marastoni, E., Fisicaro, E., Manini, P., Fokkens, R.H., Dalcanale, E. Self-assembly and anion encapsulation properties of cavitand-based coordination cages. Journal of the American Chemical Society 123, (2001). (pp. 7539-7552) ISSN: 0002-7863 Fominov, I.V. , Chtchelkatchev, N.M., Golubov, A. Critical temperature of superconductor/ferromagnet bylayers. JETP letters 74, (2001). (pp. 96-99) ISSN: 0021-3640 Friggeri, A. , Gronwald, O., Bommel, K.J.C. van, Shinkai, S., Reinhoudt, D.N. More than just a catalyst: a novel role for benzylamine in the sol-gel transcription or organogels.

Chemical communications (2001). (pp. 2434-2435) ISSN: 1359-7345 Friggeri, A. , Kobayashi, H., Shinkai, S., Reinhoudt, D.N. From solutions to surfaces: a novel molecular imprinting method based on the conformational changes of boronic-acidappended poly(L-lysine). Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in English 40, (2001). (pp. 4729-4731) ISSN: 0570-0833 Friggeri, A. , Manen, H.W.J. van, Auletta, T., Li, X., Zapotoczny, S.J., Schönherr, H., Vancso, G.J., Huskens, J., Veggel, F.C.J.M. van, Reinhoudt, D.N. Chemistry on surfaceconfined molecules: an approach to anchor isolated functional units to surfaces. Journal of the American Chemical Society 123, (2001). (pp. 6388-6395) ISSN: 0002-7863 Garcia parajo, M.F. , Veerman, J.A., Kuipers, L., Hulst, N.F. van Looking at the photodynamics of individual fluorescent molecules and proteins. Pure and applied chemistry nr: 3, 73, (2001). (pp. 431-434) ISSN: 0033-4545 Garcia parajo, M.F. , Veerman, J.A., Bouwhuis, R., Hulst, N.F. van, Vallée, R.A.L. Optical probing of single fluorescent molecules and proteins. ChemPhysChem nr: 6, 2, (2001). (pp. 347-360) ISSN: 1439-4235 Garcia parajo, M.F. , Koopman, M., Dijk, E.M.H.P. van, Subramaniam, V., Hulst, N.F. van The nature of fluorescence emission in the red fluorescent protein DsRed, revealed by singlemolecule detection. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America nr: 25, 98, (2001). (pp. 14392-14397) ISSN: 0027-8424 Garcia parajo, M.F. , Koopman, M., Bakker, B.I. de, Hulst, N.F. van Single molecule studies of living colours. Biophysical journal nr: 1, 80, (2001). (pp. 149a-149a) ISSN: 0006-3495

Gavrilin, V. , Dudarev, A.V., Kate, H.H.J. ten Quench modeling of the ATLAS superconducting toroids. IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity nr: 1, 11, (2001). (pp. 1693-1696) ISSN: 1051-8223 Geers, J.M.E. , Hesselberth, M.B.S., Aarts, J., Golubov, A. Depairing currents in the superconducting/ferromagnet proximity system Nb/Fe. Physical review B Condensed matter 64, (2001). (pp. 094506-1-094506-7) ISSN: 0163-1829 Gelderen, P. van , Kelly, P.J., Brocks, G.H.L.A. Phonon spectrum of YH3: Evidence for a broken symmetry structure. Physical review B Condensed matter nr: R, 63, (2001). (pp. 100301/1-100301/4) ISSN: 0163-1829 Gersen, H. , Garcia parajo, M.F., Novotny, L., Veerman, J.A., Kuipers, L., Hulst, N.F. van Near-field effects in single molecule emission.

Journal of microscopy 202, (2001). (pp. 374-378) ISSN: 0022-2720 Godeke, A. , Shevchenko, O.A., Rabbers, J.J., Haken, B. ten, Kate, H.H.J. ten, Schiphorst, P.C.H. Klein, Spoorenberg, C.J.G., Damstra, G.C. Construction and Test of a 1 MVA-Class High-Tc Resonator Coil. IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity nr: 1, 11, (2001). (pp. 1570-1573) ISSN: 1051-8223 Godeke, A. , Krooshoop, H.J.G., Haken, B. ten, Kate, H.H.J. ten Experimental Verification of the Temperature and Strain Dependence of the Critical Properties in Nb3Sn Wires. IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity nr: 1, 11, (2001). (pp. 1526-1529) ISSN: 1051-8223 Golo-Tosic, N. , Wal, S. van der, Kuper, F.G., Mouthaan, A.J. The Time-Voltage Trade-off for ESD Damage Threshold in Amorphous Silicon Hydrogenated Thin-film Transistors.

Microelectronics reliability nr: 9-10, 41, (2001). (pp. 1391-1396) ISSN: 0026-2714 Golubov, A. , Tafuri, F. Effects of anomalous Andreev reflection in high Tc layered structures. IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity nr: 1, 11, (2001). (pp. 422-425) ISSN: 1051-8223 Gonzalez, M. , Zipprich, W.M., Boukamp, B.A., Pudmich, G., Tietz, F. Impedance studies on chromite-titanate porous electrodes under reducing conditions. Fuel cells nr: 3-4, 1, (2001). (pp. 256-264) ISSN: 1615-6854 Groenland, J.P.J. , Lodder, J.C. Developments in research on tape media. Datatech 6, (2001). (pp. 119-123) ISSN: 1464-6021 Gui, C. , Oosterbroek, R.E., Berenschot, J.W., Schlautmann, S., Lammerink, T.S.J., Berg, A. van den, Elwenspoek, M.C. Selective wafer bonding by surface roughness control.

Journal of the Electrochemical Society nr: 148, 4, (2001). (pp. G225-G228) ISSN: 0013-4651 Guzenko, V.A. , Schäpers, Th., Müller, R.P., Golubov, A., Brinkman, A., Crecelius, G., Kaluza, A., Lüth, H. Carrier transport in multiterminal superconductor/two-dimensional electron gas Josephson junctions. Physica C 352, (2001). (pp. 144-148) ISSN: 0921-4534 Hammer, M. , Wilkens, L., Zhuromskyy, O., Dötsch, H., Hertel, P. Integrated magnetooptic cross strip isolator. Optics communications nr:

4-6, 189, (2001). (pp. 251-259) ISSN: 0030-4018 Hammer, M. , Stoffer, R. Integrated optical cross strip polarizer concept. Optical and quantum electronics 33, (2001). (pp. 413-431) ISSN: 0306-8919 Hammerl, G. , Bielefeldt, H., Goetz, B., Schmehl, A., Schneider, C.W., Schulz, R.R., Hilgenkamp, J.W.M., Mannhart, J. Dopinginduced enhancement of grain boundary critical currents. IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity nr: 1, 11, (2001). (pp. 2830-2837) ISSN: 1051-8223 Hartog, R. den , Golubov, A., Verhoeve, P., Poelaert, P.A., Martin, D., Peacock, A., Dordrecht, A. van, Goldie, D.J. Lateral proximity effect and long-range energy-gap gradients in Ta/Al superconducting tunnel junctions. Physical review B Condensed matter 63, (2001). (pp. 214507-1-214507-11) ISSN: 0163-1829 Haverkamp, M. , Kuijper, A., Ouden, A. den, Haken, B. ten, Bottura, L., Kate, H.H.J. ten Interaction between current imbalance and magnetization in LHC cables. IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity nr: 1, 11, (2001). (pp. 1609-1612) ISSN: 1051-8223 Hebbink, G.A. , Klink, S.I., Oude Alink, P.G.B., Veggel, F.C.J.M. van Visible and near-infrared light emitting calix[4]arene-based ternary lanthanide complexes. Inorganica chimica acta 317, (2001). (pp. 114-120) ISSN: 0020-1693 Hebbink, G.A. , Reinhoudt, D.N., Veggel, F.C.J.M. van Increased luminescent lifetimes of Ln3+ complexes emitting in the nearinfrared as a result of deuteration. European journal of organic chemistry (2001). (pp. 4101-4106) ISSN: 1434-193X Heinsohn, J.-K. , Dittmann, R., Rodriquez Contreras, J., Scherbel, J., Klushin, A., Golubov, A., Siegel, M., Jia, C.L., Kupriyanov, M.Y. Current transport in ramp-type junctions with engineerd interface. Journal of applied physics 89, (2001). (pp. 3852-3860) ISSN: 0021-8979 Hempenius, M.A. , Robins, N.S., Lammertink, R.G.H., Vancso, G.J. Organometallic Polyelectrolytes: Synthesis, Characterization and Layer-By-Layer Deposition of Cationic Poly (ferrocenyl (3-ammoniumpropyl)methylsilane). Macromolecular rapid communications nr: 1, 22, (2001). (pp. 30-33) ISSN: 1022-1336 Hendriks, M.G.H.M. , Heijman, M.J.G.W., Zyl, W.E. van, Elshof, J.E. ten, Verweij, H. Solid state supercapacitor materials: layered structures of YSZ sandwiched between Pt/YSZ composites. Journal of applied physics nr: 10, 90, (2001). (pp. 5303-5307) ISSN: 0021-8979 Hendriks, M.G.H.M. , Zyl, W.E. van, Elshof, J.E. ten, Verweij, H. Capacitance and microstructure of platinum/yttria-stabilised zirconia composites. Materials research bulletin nr: 13-14, 36, (2001). (pp. 2395-2406) ISSN: 0025-5408 Hien, T.D. , Zwijze, A.F., Berenschot, J.W., Wiegerink, R.J., Krijnen, G.J.M., Elwenspoek, M.C. Platinum patterning by a modified lift-off technique and its application in a silicon load

cell. Sensors and materials nr: 4, 13, (2001). (pp. 235-246) ISSN: 0914-4935 Hollander, F. , Stasse, O., Suchtelen, J. van Recrystallization phenomena of solution grown paraffin dendrites. Journal of crystal growth nr: 4, 233, (2001). (pp. 868-880) ISSN: 0022-0248 Horst, J.W. van der , Bobbert, P.A., Jong, P.H.L. de, Michels, M.A.J., Brocks, G.H.L.A., Kelly, P.J., Siebbeles, L.D.A., Warman, J.M., Gelinck, G. Many-body solid-state methods for the calculation of the electronic and optical properties of conjugated polymers.

Synthetic metals 119, (2001). (pp. 209-210) ISSN: 0379-6779 Horst, J.W. van der , Bobbert, P.A., Jong, P.H.L. de, Michels, M.A.J., Siebbeles, L.D.A., Warman, J.M., Gelinck, G., Brocks, G.H.L.A. Predicting polarizabilities and lifetimes of excitons on conjugated polymer chains.

Chemical physics letters 334, (2001). (pp. 303-308) ISSN: 0009-2614 Hulst, N.F. van Editorial 6th International Conference on Near-field Optics and Related Techniques. Journal of microscopy nr: 753, 202 Pt 1, (2001). (pp. 1-1) ISSN: 0022-2720 (Editor(s)) Hulst, N.F. van , Balistreri, M.L.M., Korterik, J.P., Kuipers, L. Comment on "Local observations of phase singularities in optical fields in waveguide structures"- Reply - art.no.

259402. Physical review letters nr: 25, 8725, (2001). (pp. 9402-9402) ISSN: 0031-9007 Ikehara, T. , Zwijze, A.F., Ikeda, K. New method for an accurate determination of residual strain in polycrystalline silicon films by analysing resonant frequencies of micromachined beams. Journal of micromechanics and microengineering nr: 11, (2001). (pp. 55-60) ISSN: 0960-1317 Il'ichev, E. , Grajar, M., Hlubina, R., Ijsselsteijn, R.P.J., Hoenig, H.E., Meyer, H.G., Golubov, A. Degenerate ground state in a mesoscopic YBaCuO grain boundary Josephson junction. Physical review letters 86, (2001). (pp. 5369-5372) ISSN: 0031-9007 Ilyin, Y.U. , Vysotsky, V.S., Kiss, T., Takeo, M., Okamoto, H., Irie, F. Stability and quench development study in small HTSC magnet.

Cryogenics 41, (2001). (pp. 665-674) ISSN: 0011-2275 Isai, I.G. , Kovalgin, A.Y., Holleman, J., Woerlee, P.H., Wallinga, H. Room Temperature SiO2 films by Multipolar ECR PECVD. Journal de physique. IV 11, (2001). (pp. 747-753) ISSN: 1155-4339 Jansen, R. , Erve, O.M.J. van 't, Kim, S.D., Vlutters, R., Lodder, J.C. Anisotropic spin-orbit scattering of hot-electron spins ejected into ferromagnetic thin films. Physical review letters 87, (2001). (pp. 166601) ISSN: 0031-9007 Jansen, R. , Erve, O.M.J. van 't, Kim, S.D., Vlutters, R., Anil Kumar, P.S., Lodder, J.C. The spin-valve transistor: Fabrication, characterization and physics. Journal of applied physics 89, (2001). (pp. 7431) ISSN: 0021-8979 Jansen, H.V. , Boer, M.J. de, Wensink, H., Kloeck, B., Elwenspoek, M.C. The black silicon method VIII: A study of the

performance of etching silicon using SF6/O2 bsed chemistry with cryogenical wafer cooling and a high density ICP source.

Microelectronics journal (2001). (pp. 769-777) ISSN: 0026-2692 Jansen, R. , Vlutters, R., Kumar, P.S.A., Erve, O.M.J. van 't, Kim, S.D., Lodder, J.C. Temperature dependence of magnetocurrent of hot electrons in a spin-valve transistor.

Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials 226-230, (2001). (pp. 658-660) ISSN: 0304-8853 Jong, M.R. de , Huskens, J., Reinhoudt, D.N. Influencing the binding selectivity of selfassembled cyclodextrin monolayers on gold through their architecture. Chemistry: a European journal 7, (2001). (pp. 4164-4170) ISSN: 0947-6539 Kerkhoff, H.G. Testing of a Microanalysis System. IEEE transactions on instrumentation and measurement nr: 6, 50, (2001). (pp. 1050-1055) ISSN: 0018-9456 Kerkhoff, H.G. , Speek, H. Defect-oriented Testing of Josephson Logic Circuits and Systems. Physica C (2001). (pp. 261-268) ISSN: 0921-4534 Kerkhoff, H.G. , Hendriks, H.P.A. Fault Modeling and Fault Simulation in Mixed Micro-Fluidic Microelectronic Systems.

Journal of electronic testing nr: 5, 17, (2001). (pp. 427-437) ISSN: 0923-8174 Kerkhoff, H.G. , Speek, H., Sashani, M, Sachdev, M. Design for Delay Testability in High-Speed Digital ICs. Journal of electronic testing nr: 3, 17, (2001). (pp. 225-232) ISSN: 0923-8174 Kim, B.J. , Liebau, M., Huskens, J., Reinhoudt, D.N., Brugger, J.P. A selfassembled monolayer-assisted surface microfabrication and release technique.

Microelectronic engineering (2001). (pp. 755-760) ISSN: 0167-9317 Kim, B.J. , Flamma, J.W., Have, E.S. ten, Garcia parajo, M.F., Hulst, N.F. van, Brugger, J.P. Moulded photoplastic probes for near-field optical applications. Journal of microscopy 202, (2001). (pp. 16-21) ISSN: 0022-2720 Kim, S.D. , Erve, O.M.J. van 't, Jansen, R., Anil Kumar, P.S., Vlutters, R., Lodder, J.C. Fabrication Technology for Miniaturization of the Spin-valve Transistor. Sensors and actuators A (Physical) A91, (2001). (pp. 166-168) ISSN: 0924-4247 Kiss, T. , Eck, H.J.N. van, Haken, B. ten, Kate, H.H.J. ten Transport properties of multifilamentary Ag-sheated Bi-2223 tapes under the influence of strain. IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity nr: 1, 11, (2001). (pp. 3888-3891) ISSN: 1051-8223 Kiss, T. , Noda, S., Nishimura, S., Ohya, K., Utsunomiya, D., Ilyin, Y.U., Okamoto, H. Analysis of quench development in a cryocooler cooled Bi-2223 pancake coil based on the anisotropic transport E-J characteristics in a short tape sample.

Physica C 357-360, (2001). (pp. 1165-1168) ISSN: 0921-4534 Klink, S.I. , Oude Alink, P., Grave, L., Peters,

F.G.A., Hofstraat, J.W., Geurts, F., Veggel, F.C.J.M. van Fluoerescent dyes as efficientphotosensitizers for near-infrared Nd3+ emission. Journal of the Chemical Society. Perkin transactions II (2001). (pp. 363-372) ISSN: 0300-9580 Klunder, D.J.W. , Krioukov, E., Tan, F.S., Veen, T. van der, Bulthuis, H.F., Sengo, G., Otto, C., Hoekstra, H.J.W.M., Driessen, A. Vertically and laterally waveguide-coupled cylindrical microresonators in Si3N4 on SiO2 technology.

Applied physics B (Lasers and optics) 73, (2001). (pp. 603-608) ISSN: 0946-2171 Kobayashi, H. , Amaike, M., Jung, J.H., Friggeri, A., Shinkai, S., Reinhoudt, D.N. Organogel or polymer gel; facilitated gelation of a sugar-based organic gel by the addition of a boronic acid-appended polymer. Chemical communications (2001). (pp. 1038-1039) ISSN: 1359-7345 Koster, T. , Lambeck, P.V. Passive polarisation converter in SiON technology. Journal of lightwave technology 19, (2001). (pp. 876-883) ISSN: 0733-8724 Koster, G. , Verbist, K., Rijnders, A.J.H.M., Rogalla, H., Tendeloo, G. van, Blank, D.H.A. Structure and properties of (Sr, Ca)CuO2BaCuO2 superlattices grown by pulsed laser interval deposition. Physica C 353, (2001). (pp. 167-183) ISSN: 0921-4534 Kovalgin, A.Y. , Holleman, J. A Study of Morphology and Texture of LPCVD Germanium-Silicon Films. Journal de physique.

IV nr: 11, (2001). (pp. 47-54) ISSN: 1155-4339 Krieg, H.M. , Botes, A.L., Smit, M.S., Breytenbach, J.C., Keizer, K. The enantioselective catalytic hydrolysis of racemic 1,2-epoxyoctane in a batch and a continuous process. Journal of molecular catalysis. B Enzymatic 13, (2001). (pp. 37-47) ISSN: 1381-1177 Kuiper, S. , Wolferen, H.A.G.M. van, Rijn, C.J.M. van, Nijdam, W., Krijnen, G.J.M., Elwenspoek, M.C. Fabrication of microsieves with sub-micron pore size by laser interference lithography. Journal of micromechanics and microengineering nr: 11, (2001). (pp. 33-37) ISSN: 0960-1317 Kuiper, J.M , Buwalda, R.T, Hulst, A.J.R.L., Engberts, J.B.F.N. Novel Pyridinium Surfactants with Unsaturated Alkyl Chains: Aggregation Behavior and Interactions with Methyl Orange. Langmuir 17, (2001). (pp. 5216-5224) ISSN: 0743-7463 Kumar, P.S.A. , Jansen, R., Erve, O.M.J. van 't, Vlutters, R., Kim, S.D., Lodder, J.C. 300% magnetocurrent in a room temperature operating spin-valve transistor. Physica C (2001). (pp. 166-170) ISSN: 0921-4534 Laan, D.C. van der , Eck, H.J.N. van, Haken, B. ten, Schwartz, J., Kate, H.H.J. ten Temperature and magnetic field dependence of the critical current of BiSrCaCuO tape conductors. IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity nr: 1, 11, (2001). (pp. 3345-3348) ISSN: 1051-8223

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PUBLICATIONS

Lammertink, R.G.H. , Hempenius, M.A., Vancso, G.J., Shin, K., Rafailovich, M., Sokolov, J. Morphology and Surface Relief Structures of Asymmetric Poly(styrene-blockferrocenylsilane) Thin Films. Macromolecules 34, (2001). (pp. 942-950) ISSN: 0024-9297 Lange, F. de , Cambi, A., Huijbens, R., Bakker, B.I. de, Rensen, W.H.J., Garcia parajo, M.F., Hulst, N.F. van, Figdor, C.G. Cell biology beyond the diffraction limit: near-field scanning optical microscopy. Journal of cell science 114, (2001). (pp. 4153-4160) ISSN: 0021-9533 Lanser, D. , Blom, J.G., Verwer, J.G. Time Integration of the shallow water equations in spherical geometry. Journal of computational physics 171, (2001). (pp. 373-393) ISSN: 0021-9991 Levi, S.A. , Guatteri, P., Veggel, F.C.J.M. van, Vancso, G.J., Dalcanale, E., Reinhoudt, D.N. Direct observation of surface-controlled selfassembly of coordination cages by using AFM as a molecular ruler. Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in English 40, (2001). (pp. 1892-1896) ISSN: 0570-0833 Li, X. , Jong, M.R. de, Inoue, K., Shinkai, S., Huskens, J., Reinhoudt, D.N. Formation of gold colloids using thioether derivatives as stabilizing ligands. Journal of materials chemistry 11, (2001). (pp. 1919-1923) ISSN: 0959-9428 Liebau, M. , Huskens, J., Reinhoudt, D.N. Microcontact printing with heavyweight inks.

Advanced functional materials 11, (2001). (pp. 147-150) ISSN: 1616-301X Lips, A.G.A.M. , Lameijer, W., Fokkens, R.H., Nibbering, N.M.M. Methodology for the development of a drug library based upon collision-induced fragmentation for the identification of toxicologically relevant drugs in plasma samples. Journal of chromatography B 759, (2001). (pp. 191-207) ISSN: 1570-0232 Lisfi, A. , Lodder, J.C. The effects of ZnO underlayer on microstructural and magnetic properties of BaFe12O19 thin films. Journal of physics. Condensed matter nr: 26, 13, (2001). (pp. 5917-5922) ISSN: 0953-8984 Lisfi, A. , Lodder, J.C. Magnetic domains in Co thin films obliquely sputtered on a polymer sustrate. Physical review B Condensed matter 63, (2001). (pp. 174441) ISSN: 0163-1829 Ludwig, F. , Jansman, A.B.M., Drung, D., Lindström, M.O., Bechstein, S., Beyer, J., Flokstra, J., Schurig, T. Optimization of DirectCoupled High-Tc SQUID Magnetometers for Operation in Magnetically Unshielded Environment. IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity 11, (2001). (pp. 1315-1318) ISSN: 1051-8223 Makida, Y. , Doi, Y., Yamamoto, A., Kondo, Y., Haruyama, T., Kondo, T., Wachi, Y., Mine, S., Mizumaki, S., Kobayashi, T., Haug, F., Delruelle, N., Tischhauser, J., Passardi, G., Kate, H.H.J. ten The Chimney and superconducting buslines for the ATLAS central solenoid. IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity nr: 1, 11, (2001).

(pp. 1590-1593) ISSN: 1051-8223 Manen, H.W.J. van , Fokkens, R.H., Nibbering, N.M.M., Veggel, F.C.J.M. van, Reinhoudt, D.N. Convergent synthesis of noncovalent metallodendrimers containing hydrophobic dendrons at the periphery.

Journal of organic chemistry 66, (2001). (pp. 4643-4650) ISSN: 0022-3263 Mannino, G. , Stolk, P.A., Cowern, N.E.B., Boer, W. de, Dirks, A.G., Roozeboom, F., Berkum, J.G.M. van, Woerlee, P.H., Toan, N.N. Effect of Heating Ramp Rates on Transient Enhanced Diffusion in IonImplemented Silicon. Applied physics letters nr: 78, 7, (2001). (pp. 889-891) ISSN: 0003-6951 Mazin, I.I. , Golubov, A., Nadgorny, B. Probing spin polarization with Andreev reflection: A theoretical basis. Journal of applied physics 89, (2001). (pp. 7576-7578) ISSN: 0021-8979 Meer, O. van der , Haken, B. ten, Kate, H.H.J. ten A model to describe the angular dependence of the critical current in a Bi-2223/Ag superconducting tape. Physica C 357-360, (2001). (pp. 1174-1177) ISSN: 0921-4534 Merticaru, A.R. , Mouthaan, A.J. Dynamics of Metastable Defects in a-Si:H/SiN TFTs. Thin solid films nr: 383/1-2, 2001, (2001). (pp. 122-124) ISSN: 0040-6090 Michels, J.J. , Fiammengo, R., Timmerman, P., Huskens, J., Reinhoudt, D.N. Complexation of porphyrin-appended guests by calix[4]areneappended cyclodextrins. Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 41, (2001). (pp. 163-172) ISSN: 1388-3127 Middel, O. , Verboom, W., Reinhoudt, D.N. Cavitand Zn(II)-porphyrin capsules with high affinities for pyridines and N-methylimidazole.

Journal of organic chemistry 66, (2001). (pp. 3998-4005) ISSN: 0022-3263 Middel, O. , Verboom, W., Reinhoudt, D.N. Fourfold homologous anionic ortho-Fries rearrangement on a partially bridged resorc[4]arene. Canadian journal of chemistry 79, (2001). (pp. 1525-1527) ISSN: 0008-4042 Miele, P. , Cataneo, F., Dolgetta, N., Dudarev, A.V., Foussat, A., Haug, F., Kate, H.H.J. ten, Sbrissa, E., Tyrvainen, H. The ATLAS magnet fest facility at CERN. IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity nr: 1, 11, (2001). (pp. 1713-1716) ISSN: 1051-8223 Nguyen, H. van , Hof, A.J., Kranenburg, H. van, Woerlee, P.H., Weimar, F. Copper Chemical Mechanical Polishing Using a Slurry-Free Technique. Microelectronic engineering nr: 1-4, 55, (2001). (pp. 305-312) ISSN: 0167-9317 Nijdam, A.J. , Gardeniers, J.G.E., Berenschot, J.W., Veenendaal, E. van, Suchtelen, J. van, Elwenspoek, M.C. Influence of the angle between etched (near) Si{111} surfaces and the substrate orientation on the underetch rate during anisotropic wet-chemical etching of silicon. Journal of micromechanics and microengineering nr: 11, (2001). (pp. 499-503) ISSN: 0960-1317 Nijdam, A.J. , Veenendaal, E. van, Cuppen, H., Suchtelen, J. van, Reed, M.L., Gardeniers, J.G.E., Enckevort, W.J.P. van, Vlieg, E.,

Elwenspoek, M.C. Formation and stabilisation of pyramidal etch hillocks on silicon {100} in anisotropic etchants: experiments and Monte Carlo simulation. Journal of applied physics nr: 89, (2001). (pp. 4113-4116) ISSN: 0021-8979 Nijhuis, A. , Kate, H.H.J. ten, Duchateau, J.L., Decool, P. Control of contact resistance by strand surface coating in 36-strands NbTi CICC's. Cryogenics 41, (2001). (pp. 1-7) ISSN: 0011-2275 Nijmeijer, A. , Kruidhof, H., Bredesen, R., Verweij, H. Preparation and properties of hydrothermally stable gamma-alumina membranes. Journal of the American Ceramic Society nr: 1, 84, (2001). (pp. 136140) ISSN: 0002-7820 Olthuis, W. , Langereis, G.R., Bergveld, P. The merits of differential measuring in time and space. Biocybernetics and biomedical engineering nr: 3, 21, (2001). (pp. 5-26) ISSN: 0208-5216 Oomen, M.P. , Rabbers, J.J., Haken, B. ten, Rieger, J., Leghissa, M. Magnetisation loss in stacks of high-Tc superconducting tapes in a perpendicular magnetic field. Physica C 361, (2001). (pp. 144-148) ISSN: 0921-4534 Oomen, M.P. , Rieger, J., Leghissa, M., Rabbers, J.J., Haken, B. ten The onset of full coupling in multi-filament superconducting tapes exposed to an alternating external magnetic field. Physica C nr: 2-3, 340, (2001). (pp. 87-92) ISSN: 0921-4534 Otter, M.W. den , Bouwmeester, H.J.M., Boukamp, B.A., Verweij, H. Reactor flush time correction in relaxation experiments.

Journal of the Electrochemical Society nr: 2, 148, (2001). (pp. J1-J6) ISSN: 0013-4651 Otter, M.W. den , Boukamp, B.A., Bouwmeester, H.J.M. Theory of oxygen isotope exchange. Solid state ionics 139, (2001). (pp. 89-94) ISSN: 0167-2738 Ouden, A. den , Wessel, W.A.J., Kirby, G., Taylor, T., Siegel, N., Kate, H.H.J. ten Progress in the development of an 88-mm bore 10 Tn3Sn dipole magnet. IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity nr: 1, 11, (2001). (pp. 2268-2271) ISSN: 1051-8223 Paraschiv, V. , Crego calama, M., Fokkens, R.H., Padberg, C.J., Timmerman, P., Reinhoudt, D.N. Nanostructures via noncovalent synthesis: 144 hydrogen bonds bring together 27 components. Journal of organic chemistry 66, (2001). (pp. 8297-8301) ISSN: 0022-3263 Phillips, G.N. , Eisenberg, M., Persat, N., Draaisma, A.E., Abelmann, L., Lodder, J.C. Scanning magneto-resistance microscopy with FIB trimmed yoke-type magneto-resistive tape heads. Sensors and actuators A (Physical) 91, (2001). (pp. 34-38) ISSN: 0924-4247 Phillips, G.N. , Grady, K.O., Lodder, J.C. Magnetization reversal at elevated temperatures in Co/Pt multilayer thin films.

Journal of physics D: applied physics 34, (2001). (pp. 2960-2971) ISSN: 0022-3727 Pickering, J.P. , Meer, D.W. van der, Vancso, G.J. Effects of contact time, humidity, and

surface roughness on the adhesion hysteresis of polydimethylsiloxane. Journal of adhesion science and technology nr: 12, 15, (2001). (pp. 1429-1441) ISSN: 0169-4243 Podt, M. , Mieog, A.J., Flokstra, J., Rogalla, H. Design of a Fast Digital Double Relaxation Oscillation SQUID (corrected). IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity 11, (2001). (pp. 4054-4057) ISSN: 1051-8223 Podt, M. , Mieog, A.J., Rolink, B.G.A., Flokstra, J., Rogalla, H. Results on a fast digital DROS. Superconductor science and technology 14, (2001). (pp. 1027-1030) ISSN: 0953-2048 Podt, M. , Mieog, A.J., Flokstra, J., Rogalla, H. Design of a Fast Digital Double Relaxation Oscillation SQUID. IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity 11, (2001). (pp. 1235-1238) ISSN: 1051-8223 Podt, M. , Mieog, A.J., Flokstra, J., Rogalla, H. Numerical analysis of the smart DROS. Physica C 350, (2001). (pp. 193-200) ISSN: 0921-4534 Prins, L.J. , Thalacker, C., Würthner, F., Timmerman, P., Reinhoudt, D.N. Chiral exciton coupling of merocyanine dyes within a well defined hydrogen-bonded assembly.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 98, (2001). (pp. 10042-10045) ISSN: 0027-8424 Prins, L.J. , Timmerman, P., Reinhoudt, D.N. Amplification of chirality: the "sergeants and soldiers" principle applied to dynamic hydrogen-bonded assemblies. Journal of the American Chemical Society 123, (2001). (pp. 10153-10163) ISSN: 0002-7863 Prins, L.J. , Reinhoudt, D.N., Timmerman, P. Noncovalent synthesis using hydrogen bonding. Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in English 40, (2001). (pp. 2382-2426) ISSN: 0570-0833 Rabbers, J.J. , Haken, B. ten, Shevchenko, O.A., Kate, H.H.J. ten An engineering formula to describe the AC loss of BSCCO/Ag tape.

IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity nr: 1, 11, (2001). (pp. 2623-2626) ISSN: 1051-8223 Rabbers, J.J. , Haken, B. ten, Kate, H.H.J. ten Advanced ac loss measurement methods for high-temperature superconducting tapes.

Review of scientific instruments nr: 5, 72, (2001). (pp. 2365-2373) ISSN: 0034-6748 Raming, T.P. , Zyl, W.E. van, Verweij, H. Influence of temperature and pressure on the densification, microstructure and electrical properties of the dual-phase system Y2O3doped ZrO2 and RuO2. Chemistry of materials 13, (2001). (pp. 284-289) ISSN: 0897-4756 Rasburn, J. , Seker, F., Kulbaba, K., Klein, P.G., Manners, I., Vancso, G.J., MacDonald, P.M. Structure and Segmental Motions in Symmetrically Substituted Poly(ferrocenylsilanes): A Carbon-13 CPMAS NMR Contact Time Study. Macromolecules 34, (2001). (pp. 2884-2891) ISSN: 0024-9297 Reeuwijk, S.J. van , Puig-Molina, A., Graafsma, H. Electric-field-induced structural changes in KH2PO4 at room temperature and

at 167 K. Physical review B Condensed matter 64, (2001). (pp. 134105-1-134105-6) ISSN: 0163-1829 Römer, E.W.J. , Nigge, U., Schulte, Th., Wiemhofer, H.D., Bouwmeester, H.J.M. Investigations towards the use of Gd0.7Ca0.3CoOx as membrane in an exhaust gas sensor for NOx. Solid state ionics 140, (2001). (pp. 97103) ISSN: 0167-2738 Rusu, C. , Oever, R. van 't, Boer, M.J. de, Jansen, H.V., Berenschot, J.W., Bennink, M.L., Kanger, J.S., Grooth, B.G. de, Elwenspoek, M.C., Greve, J., Brugger, J.P., Berg, A. van den Direct Integration of Micromachined Pipettes in a Flow Channel for Single DNA Molecule Study by Optical Tweezers. Journal of microelectromechanical systems nr: 2, 10, (2001). (pp. 238-246) ISSN: 1057-7157 Ryazanov, V.V. , Oboznov, V.A., Veretennikov, A.V., Rusanov, A.Yu., Golubov, A., Aarts, J. Coupling of two superconductors through a ferromagnet SFS pi- junctions and intrinsically-frustrated networks. Uspekhi fizicheskii nauk nr: 10, 171, (2001). (pp. 81-86) ISSN: 0042-1294 Ryazanov, V.V. , Oboznov, V.A., Rusanov, A.Yu., Veretennikov, A.V., Golubov, A., Aarts, J. Coupling of two superconductors through a ferromagnet: evidence for a pi junction.

Physical review letters 86, (2001). (pp. 2427-2430) ISSN: 0031-9007 San Segundo Bello, D. , Nauta, B., Visschers, J. Design of analog-to-digital converters for energy sensitive hybrid pixel detectors.

Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment nr: 1, 466, (2001). (pp. 218-225) ISSN: 0168-9002 San Segundo Bello, D. , Nauta, B., Visschers, J. Pixel-Level Analog-To-Digital Converters for Hybrid Pixel Detectors with Energy sensitivity.

IEEE transactions on nuclear science (2001).

ISSN: 0018-9499 San Segundo Bello, D. , Tangelder, R.J.W.T., Kerkhoff, H.G. Modelling a verification test system for mixed-signals circuits. IEEE design and test of computers nr: 1, 18, (2001). (pp. 63-71) ISSN: 0740-7475 Schlautmann, S. , Wensink, H., Elwenspoek, M.C., Schasfoort, R.B.M., Berg, A. van den Powder blasting technology as an alternative tool for micro-fabrication of CE-chip with integrated conductivity sensors. Journal of micromechanics and microengineering 11, (2001). (pp. 386-389) ISSN: 0960-1317 Schmuhl, R. , Krieg, H.M., Keizer, K. Adsorption of Cu(II) and Cr(VI) ions by chitosan: kinetics and equilibrium studies.

Water South Africa nr: 1, 27, (2001). (pp. 1-7) ISSN: 0378-4738 Schulte, Th. , Waser, R., Römer, E.W.J., Bouwmeester, H.J.M., Nigge, U., Wiemhofer, H.D. Development of oxygen-permeable ceramic membranes for NOx-sensors. Journal of the European Ceramic Society 21, (2001). (pp. 1971-1975) ISSN: 0955-2219

Shevchenko, O.A. , Rabbers, J.J., Godeke, A., Haken, B. ten, Kate, H.H.J. ten V-I curves of 100-kVA class high-Tc resonator coil. IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity nr: 1, 11, (2001). (pp. 2204-2207) ISSN: 1051-8223 Sindhu, S. , Haast, M.A.M., Ramstock, K., Abelmann, L., Lodder, J.C. Micromagnetic simulations for the domain structure and the magnetization reversal of Co50Ni50/Pt multilayer dots. Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials 238, (2001). (pp. 246-251) ISSN: 0304-8853 Slooff, L.H. , Polman, A., Cacialli, F., Friend, R.H., Hebbink, G.A., Veggel, F.C.J.M. van, Reinhoudt, D.N. Near-infrared electroluminescence of polymer light-emitting diodes doped with a lissamine-sensitized Nd3+ complex. Applied physics letters 78, (2001). (pp. 2122-2124) ISSN: 0003-6951 Smilde, H.J.H. , Hilgenkamp, J.W.M., Gerritsma, G.J., Blank, D.H.A., Rogalla, H. Realization and properties of ramp-type YBa2Cu3O7-delta/Au/Nb junctions. Physica C 350, (2001). (pp. 269-275) ISSN: 0921-4534 Smilde, H.J.H. , Hilgenkamp, J.W.M., Gerritsma, G.J., Blank, D.H.A., Rogalla, H. Y-Ba-Cu-O/Au/Nb ramp-type Josephson junctions. IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity nr: 1, 11, (2001). (pp. 501-504) ISSN: 1051-8223 Snip, E. , Shinkai, S., Reinhoudt, D.N. Organogels of a nucleobase-bearing gelator and the remarkable effects of nucleoside derivatives and a porphyrin derivative on the gel stability. Tetrahedron letters 44, (2001). (pp. 2153-2156) ISSN: 0040-4039 Snoeys, W. , Burns, M., Campbell, M., Cantatore, E., Cencelli, V., Dinapoli, R., Heijne, E., Jarron, P., Lamanna, P., Minervini, J., Morel, M., O'shea, V., Quiquempoix, V., San Segundo Bello, D., Koningsveld, B. van, Wyllie, K. Pixel readout chips in deep submicron CMOS for ALICE and LHCb tolerant to 10 Mrad and beyond. Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment nr: 2, 466, (2001). (pp. 366-375) ISSN: 0168-9002 Snoeys, W. , Campbell, M., Cantatore, E., Cencelli, V., Dinapoli, R., Heijne, E., Jarron, P., Lamanna, P., Minervini, J., O'shea, V., Quiquempoix, V., San Segundo Bello, D., Koningsveld, B. van, Wyllie, K. Pixel readout electronics development for the ALICE pixel vertex and LHCb RICH dectector. Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research.

Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment nr: 1, 465, (2001). (pp. 176-189) ISSN: 0168-9002 Sonnenberg, A.H. , Oomen, I., Hilgenkamp, J.W.M., Gerritsma, G.J., Rogalla, H. Sigmadelta A/D converter in HTS ramp edge technology. IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity nr: 1, 11, (2001). (pp. 200-204) ISSN: 1051-8223

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PUBLICATIONS

Stamps, J.P. , Ottink, B., Duynhoven van, J.P.M., Visser, J.M., Hulst, A.J.R.L. Difftrain: A novel Approach to a True Spectroscopic Single-scan Diffusion Measurement. Journal of magnetic resonance 151, (2001). (pp. 28-31) ISSN: 1090-7807 Steenkamp, G.C. , Neomagus, H.W.J.P., Krieg, H.M., Keizer, K. Centrifugal casting of ceramic membrane tubes and the coating with chitosan. Separation and purification technology 25, (2001). (pp. 407-413) ISSN: 1383-5866 Suchtelen, J. van , Veenendaal, E. van The structure of an underetched convex mask corner explained as the evolution of a saddlepoint vertex. Sensors and materials nr: 6, 13, (2001). (pp. 325-342) ISSN: 0914-4935 Sumption, M.D. , Collings, E.W., Scanlan, R.M., Kim, S.W., Wake, M., Shintomi, T., Nijhuis, A., Kate, H.H.J. ten AC loss in cored, stabrite-coated, superconducting cables in response to external compaction and variation of core thickness and width. Cryogenics 41, (2001). (pp. 733-744) ISSN: 0011-2275 Sumption, M.D. , Collings, E.W., Scanlan, R.M., Kim, B.G., Wake, M., Shintomi, T., Nijhuis, A., Kate, H.H.J. ten AC loss and interstrand contact resistance in bare and coated NbTi/Cu Rutherford cables with cores.

Superconductor science and technology nr: 11, 14, (2001). (pp. 888-897) ISSN: 0953-2048 Suryanto, A. , Groesen, E.W.C. van On the swing effect of spatial inhomogeneous NLS soliton. Journal of nonlinear optical physics and materials nr: 2, 10, (2001). (pp. 143-152) ISSN: 0218-1991 Suryanto, A. , Groesen, E.W.C. van, Hoekstra, H.J.W.M. Deformation of modulated wave groups in third-order nonlinear media. Optical and quantum electronics 33, (2001). (pp. 513525) ISSN: 0306-8919 Tangelder, R.J.W.T. , Kerkhoff, H.G., San Segundo Bello, D. Modeling a verification test system for mixed-signal circuits. IEEE design and test of computers nr: 1, 18, (2001). (pp. 63-71) ISSN: 0740-7475 Timmerman, P. , Prins, L.J. Noncovalent synthesis of melamine - cyanuric/barbituric acid derived nanostructures: regio- and stereoselection. European journal of organic chemistry (2001). (pp. 3191-3205) ISSN: 1434-193X Tjerkstra, R.W. , Gardeniers, J.G.E., Kelly, J.J., Berg, A. van den Multi-walled microchannels: free standig porous silicon membranes for use in MicroTAS. Journal of microelectromechanical systems nr: 4, 9, (2001). (pp. 495-501) ISSN: 1057-7157 Trias, E. , Mazo, J.J., Brinkman, A., Orlando, T.P. Discrete breathers in Josephson ladders.

Physica D 156, (2001). (pp. 98-138) ISSN: 01672789 Tromp, E.J. , Gelderen, P. van, Kelly, P.J., Brocks, G.H.L.A., Bobbert, P.A. CaB6: A new semiconducting material for spin electronics. Physical review letters 87, (2001). (pp. 016401/1-016401/4) ISSN: 0031-9007 Tüdós, A.J. , Besselink, G.A.J., Schasfoort,

R.B.M. Trends in miniaturized total analysis systems for point-of-care testing in clinical chemistry. Lab on a chip 1, (2001). (pp. 83-95) ISSN: 1473-0197 Unen, D.J. van , Engbersen, J.F.J., Reinhoudt, D.N. Studies on the mechanism of crown-ether-induced activation of enzymes in non-aqueous media. Journal of molecular catalysis. B Enzymatic (2001). (pp. 877-882) ISSN: 1381-1177 Unen, D.J. van , Engbersen, J.F.J. Sol-gel immobilization of serine proteases for application in organic solvents. Biotechnology and bioengineering 75, (2001). (pp. 154-158) ISSN: 0006-3592 Vallée, R.A.L. , Tomczak, N., Gersen, H., Dijk, E.M.H.P. van, Garcia parajo, M.F., Vancso, G.J., Hulst, N.F. van On the role of electromagnetic boundary conditions in single molecule fluorescence lifetime studies of dyes embedded in thin films. Chemical physics letters 348, (2001). (pp. 161-167) ISSN: 0009-2614 Veen, N.J. van der , Rozniecka, E., Woldering, L.A., Chudy, M., Huskens, J., Veggel, F.C.J.M. van, Reinhoudt, D.N. Highly selective optical-sensing membranes, containing calix[4]arene chromoionophores, for Pb2+ ions. Chemistry: a European journal 7, (2001). (pp. 4878-4886) ISSN: 0947-6539 Veenendaal, E. van , Cuppen, H., Enckevort, W.J.P. van, Suchtelen, J. van, Nijdam, A.J., Elwenspoek, M.C., Vlieg, E. A monte carlo study of etching in the presence of a mask junction. Journal of micromechanics and microengineering nr: 4, 11, (2001). (pp. 409-415) ISSN: 0960-1317 Veenendaal, E. van , Suchtelen, J. van, Beurden, P. van, Cuppen, H., Enckevort, W.J.P. van, Nijdam, A.J., Elwenspoek, M.C., Vlieg, E. Monte carlo simulation of wet chemical etching of silicon. Sensors and materials nr: 6, 13, (2001). (pp. 343-350) ISSN: 0914-4935 Veenendaal, E. van , Sato, K., Shikida, M., Suchtelen, J. van Micro-morphology of single crystalline silicon surfaces during anisotropic wet chemical etching in KOH and TMAH. Sensors and actuators A (Physical) nr: 3, 93, (2001). (pp. 219-231) ISSN: 0924-4247 Veenendaal, E. van , Sato, K., Shikida, M., Nijdam, A.J., Suchtelen, J. van Micromorphology of single crystalline silicon surfaces during anisotropic wet chemical etching in KOH: velocity source forests.

Sensors and actuators nr: 93, (2001). (pp. 232-242) ISSN: 0250-6874 Veenstra, T.T. , Berenschot, J.W., Gardeniers, J.G.E., Sanders, R.G.P., Elwenspoek, M.C., Berg, A. van den Use of selective anodic bonding to create micropump chambers with virtually no dead volume. Journal of the Electrochemical Society nr: 2, 148, (2001). (pp. G68-G72) ISSN: 0013-4651 Visser, T.J.K. , Modise, S.J., Krieg, H.M., Keizer, K. The removal of acid sulphate pollution by nanofiltration. Desalination 140, (2001). (pp. 79-86) ISSN: 0011-9164

Vlutters, R. , Jansen, R., Erve, O.M.J. van 't, Kim, S.D., Lodder, J.C. Hot-electron transport through Ni80Fe20 in a spin-valve transistor.

Journal of applied physics nr: 11, 89, (2001). (pp. 7305-7307) ISSN: 0021-8979 Vogelaar, L. , Nijdam, W., Wolferen, H.A.G.M. van, Ridder, R.M. de, Segerink, F.B., Flück, E., Kuipers, L., Hulst, N.F. van Large area photonic crystal slabs for visible light with waveguiding defect structures: Fabrication with focused ion beam assisted laser interference lithography. Advanced materials nr: 20, 13, (2001). (pp. 1551-1554) ISSN: 0935-9648 Vysotsky, V.S. , Ilyin, Y.U., Rakhmanov, A.L., Takeo, M. Quench development analysis in HTSC coils by use of the universal scaling theory. IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity nr: 1, 11, (2001). (pp. 1824-1827) ISSN: 1051-8223 Vysotsky, V.S. , Ilyin, Y.U., Rakhmanov, A.L., Takeo, M., Shimohata, K., Nakamura, S., Yamada, M., Hasegawa, T Quench development and ultimate normal zone propagation "velocity" in superconductors under fast current change. IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity nr: 1, 11, (2001). (pp. 2118-2121) ISSN: 1051-8223 Weijers, H.W. , Haken, B. ten, Kate, H.H.J. ten, Schwartz, J. Critical currents in Bi-Sr-CaCu-O superconductors up to 33 T at 4.2 K. IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity nr: 1, 11, (2001). (pp. 3956-3959) ISSN: 1051-8223 Weijers, H.W. , Yoo, J.M., Haken, B. ten, Schwartz, J. Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O conductors and magnets at high stress-strain levels.

Physica C 357-360, (2001). (pp. 1160-1164) ISSN: 0921-4534 Wel, A.P. van der , Klumperink, E.A.M., Nauta, B. Effect of Switched biasing on 1/f noise and random telegraph signals in deepsubmicron MOSFETs. Electronics letters nr: 1, 37, (2001). (pp. 55-56) ISSN: 0013-5194 Wensink, H. , Jansen, H.V., Berenschot, J.W., Elwenspoek, M.C. Mask materials for powder blasting. Journal of micromechanics and microengineering nr: 10, (2001). (pp. 175-180) ISSN: 0960-1317 Woudenberg, F.C.M. , Sager, W.F.C., Sibelt, N.G.M., Verweij, H. Dense nanostructured t-ZrO2 coatings at low temperatures via modified emulsion precipitation. Advanced materials nr: 7, 13, (2001). (pp. 514-516) ISSN: 0935-9648 Wroblewski, W. , Wojciechowski, K., Dybko, Z., Brzozka, Z., Egberink, R.J.M., SnellinkRuel, B.H.M., Reinhoudt, D.N. Durability of phosphate-selective CHEMFETs. Sensors and actuators B (Chemical) 75, (2001). (pp. 315-319) ISSN: 0925-4005 Wroblewski, W. , Wojciechowski, A., Dybko, Z., Brzozka, Z., Egberink, R.J.M., SnellinkRuel, B.H.M., Reinhoudt, D.N. Durable phosphate-selective electrodes based on uranyl salophenes. Analytica chimica acta 432, (2001). (pp. 79-88) ISSN: 0003-2670 Xia, K. , Kelly, P.J., Bauer, G.E.W., Turek, I., Kudrnovsky, J., Drchal, V. Interface

resistance of disordered magnetic multilayers. Physical review B Condensed matter 63, (2001). (pp. 064407/1-064407/4) ISSN: 0163-1829 Zandvliet, H.J.W. , Zoethout, E., Wulfhekel, W.C.U., Poelsema, B. Origin of roughening in epitaxial growth of silicon on Si(001) and Ge(001) surfaces. Surface science 482-485, (2001). (pp. 391-395) ISSN: 0039-6028 Zandvliet, H.J.W. , Gurlu, O., Poelsema, B. Temperature dependence of the step free energy. Physical review B Condensed matter 64, (2001). (pp. 73402-1-73404-3) ISSN: 0163-1829 Zandvliet, H.J.W. Erratum: Energetics of Si(001) [Rev.Mod.Phys.72,593(2000)].

Reviews of modern physics nr: 1, 73, (2001). (pp. 247-247) ISSN: 0034-6861 Zandvliet, H.J.W. , Poelsema, B., Swartzentruber, B.S. Diffusion on semiconductor surfaces. Physics today nr: 7, 54, (2001). (pp. 40-45) ISSN: 0031-9228 Zhang, H. , Verboom, W., Reinhoudt, D.N. 9-(Guanidinomethyl)-10-vinylanthracene: a suitable fluorescent monomer for MIPs. Tetrahedron letters 42, (2001). (pp. 4413-4416) ISSN: 0040-4039 Zhuromskyy, O. , Dötsch, H., Hammer, M., Wilkens, L., Hertel, P. Magnetooptical waveguides with polarization independent nonreciprocal phase shift. Journal of lightwave technology nr: 2, 19, (2001). (pp. 214-221) ISSN: 0733-8724 Zoethout, E. , Zandvliet, H.J.W., Poelsema, B. Adatom assisted stabilization of ad dimers on Ge(001). Journal of vacuum science and technology A: vacuum, surfaces, and films nr: 4, 19, (2001). (pp. 1868-1870) ISSN: 0734-2101

BOOKS Berg, A. van den , Ramsey, J.M. Micro Total Analysis Systems 2001. microTAS 2001 Symposium, Monterey, CA, USA, 21-25 October 2001 (2001). 689 pp. Dordrecht Kluwer Academic Publishers ISBN: I-4020-0148-7 (Editor(s)) Elwenspoek, M.C. Sensor Technology 2001.

(2001). 200 pp. Dordrecht, The Netherlands Kluwer Academic Publishers ISBN: 0-7923-7012-0 (Editor(s)) Elwenspoek, M.C. , Wiegerink, R.J. Mechanical microsensors. (2001). 295 pp.

Germany Springer Verlag ISBN: 3540675825

BOOKCHAPTERS Bos, A.G. van den , Dijk, A.C.J. van, Heskamp, I.R., Abelmann, L., Lodder, J.C. A new concept in magnetic force microscope cantilevers. NATO Science Series nr: 41, (2001). (pp. 307-312) Dordrecht Kluwer Academic Publishers

ISBN: 1-4020-0117-7 Erve, O.M.J. van 't , Vlutters, R., Kumar, P.S.A., Kim, S.D., Jansen, R., Lodder, J.C. A highly sensitive spin-valve transistor.

Nato science series nr: 41, (2001). (pp. 441-444) Dordrecht Kluwer Academic Publishers ISBN: 1-4020-0117-7 Lodder, J.C. , Haast, M.A.M., Abelmann, L. Patterned Magnetic thin films for Ultra high density recording. Nato Science Series nr: 41, (2001). (pp. 117-143) Dordrecht Kluwer Academic Publishers ISBN: 1-4020-0117-7 Manen, H.W.J. van , Veggel, F.C.J.M. van, Reinhoudt, D.N. Non-covalent synthesis of metallodendrimers. Topics in Current Chemistry nr: 217, (2001). (pp. 121-162) Berlin Springer ISBN: 3-540-42095-9 Schönherr, H. , Beulen, M.W.J., Bügler, J., Huskens, J., Veggel, F.C.J.M. van, Reinhoudt, D.N., Vancso, G.J. Individual Supramoleculair Host-Guest Interactions Probed by Dynamic Single Molecules Force Microscopy. 218th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society (2001). 323 pp.

American Chemical Society ISBN: 0-8412-3691-7 Schönherr, H. , Chechik, V., Stirling, C.J.M., Vancso, G.J. Kinetics and Domain Formation in Surface Reactions by Inverted Chemical Force Microscopy and FTIR Spectroscopy. 218th National Meeting on the American Chemical Society (2001).

323 pp. American Chemical Society ISBN: 0-8412-3691-7 Schönherr, H. , Vancso, G.J. AFM Study on Lattice Orientation and Tribilogy of SAMS of Fluorinated Thiols and Disulfides on Au (111): The Influence of the Molecular Structure. 218th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society (2001). 323 pp. American Chemical Society ISBN: 0-8412-3691-7 Unen, D.J. van , Engbersen, J.F.J., Reinhoudt, D.N. The effects of crown ethers on the activity of enzymes in organic solvents. (2001). (pp. 213-225) Totowa, New Jersey Humana Press ISBN: 0-89603-929-3 Verboom, W. Cavitands. (2001). (pp. 181-198) Dordrecht Kluwer Academic Publishers ISBN: 0-7923-6960-2

PATENTS Annema, A.J. , Westra, J.R. D/A Converter with Multibit Input. (2001, oktober 10).

Annema, A.J. , Geelen, G.G. A level converter provided with slew-rate controlling means. (2000, december 7).

Annema, A.J. A Level Converter provided with Slew-Rate Controlling Means.

2001, mei 23).

Annema, A.J. , Geelen, G.J.G.M. An Integrated Circuit Provided with a Fail-Safe Mode. (2001, oktober 16).

Annema, A.J. , Geelen, G.J.G.M. An Integrated Circuit Provided with

a Fail-Safe Mode. (2001, augustus 1).

Annema, A.J. , Westra, J.R. D/A Converter with Multibit Input. (2001, mei 3).

Annema, A.J. , Geelen, G.J.G.M. A High-Voltage Level Tolerant Transistor Circuit. (2001, mei 16).

Annema, A.J. , Westra, J.R. D/A converter with Multibit Input. (2000, augustus 23).

Annema, A.J. , Geelen, G.J.G.M. An Integrated Circuit Provided with a Fail-Safe Mode. (2001, februari 15).

Annema, A.J. , Geelen, G.J.G.M. High Voltage Level Tolerant Transistor Circuit. (2001, november 20).

Driessen, A. Inrichting en werkwijze voor het ontvangen, bewerken en zenden van optische en elektrische signalen en werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van zo een inrichting. (2001, mei 14).

Godeke, A. , Krooshoop, H.J.G., Chevtchenko, O.A., Haken, B. ten, Kate, H.H.J. ten, Scholten, A.M.A., Klein schiphorst, P. Method of insulating an elongated conductor comprised of high-temperaturesuperconductive, substantially ceramic material and an apparatus for the implementation of the method. (2001, april 4).

Klunder, D.J.W. , Roeloffzen, C.G.H., Driessen, A. Werkwijze en inrichting voor het bewerken van licht. (2001, november 6).

Pelgrom, M.J.M. , Widdershoven, F.P., Annema, A.J., Storms, M. Non-volatile MOS RAM cell with capacitor-isolated nodes that are radiation accessible for rendering a non-permanance programmes information in the cell of a non-volatile one.

(2001, december 18).

Pelgrom, M.J.M. , Widdershoven, F.P., Annema, A.J., Storms, M. Integrated Circuit with a Non-Volatile MOS RAM Cell.

(2001, oktober 10).

Tijssen, R. , Chmela, E., Blom, M.T., Heyden, F.H.J. van der, Gardeniers, J.G.E., Berg, A. van den Device for measuring the viscosity of a fluid. (2001, mei 1).

Westra, J.R. , Annema, A.J., Boom, J.M. van de, Dijkmans, E.C. A High Voltage Digital-to-Analog Converter. (2000, september 27).

Widdershoven, F.P. , Annema, A.J., Storms, M., Pelgrom, M.J.M. Integrated Circuit with a Non-Volatile MOS RAM Cell.

(2001, april 12).

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ABOUT MESA+

ABOUT MESA+

MESA+ Governing Board, Scientific Advisory Board and Management in 2001

MESA+ Governing Board Ir. J.J.M. Mulderink Dr. A.J. Nijman Prof. dr. ir. J.H.A. de Smit Ir. C.M. Vermeulen Prof. dr. H. Wallinga Ir. M. Westermann

Chairman of the Foundation for Development of Sustainable Chemistry Director Research Strategy & Business Development Philips NatLab, Eindhoven Dean Faculty of Applied Physics and Faculty of Chemical Engineering Managing director of Constant Venture B.V., Amsterdam Dean Faculty of Electrical Engineering Managing director of Twinning, Amsterdam

MESA+ Scientific Advisory Board Dr. J.G. Bednorz Prof. H. Fujita Prof. M. Möller Dr. H. Rohrer Prof. E. Thomas Prof. E. Vittoz Prof. G. Whitesides

IBM Zürich Research Laboratory, Switzerland University of Tokyo, Japan University of Ulm, Germany IBM Zürich Research Laboratory, Switzerland Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), USA Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology (CSEM), Switzerland Harvard University, USA

How to reach MESA+

The MESA+ Institute is located on the campus of the University of Twente in Enschede, in the eastern region of the Netherlands, right on the border with Germany.

Directions to MESA+ By car: Take the A35 direction Enschede exit Enschede-West and follow signposts to UNIVERSITEIT. By train / by bus: You can reach the university from the railway stations at Hengelo, Enschede and Drienerlo.

There is a bus in the direction of the university about every half an hour.

For more information on public transport, please call the campus: 00 31 (0) 53 489 9111.

By Internet: www.mesaplus.utwente.nl

MESA+ Management Prof. dr. ir. D.N. Reinhoudt Dr. C.J.M. Eijkel

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Scientific Director Technical-Commercial Director

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