MESA+ Annual report 2002 by MESA+

Annual Report 2002

GENERAL

Preface

Dear reader, In this annual report, you will find the highlights of the activities of MESA+ in 2002. The middle part presents some of the scientfic highlights we achieved in the past year. We have chosen these examples on the basis of the scientific impact, the importance of the application or the general interest of the work. At the end of the report, you will find a cross-section of our scientific output (refereed papers, Ph.D. Theses, patents, etc.), which reflects the size of the activities and their scientific impact. In the pages behind this preface, the institute itself and the most important milestones of the institute as a whole in 2002 are shown. MESA+ has consolidated its position as a national and international leader in nanotechnology, based on a broad scientific basis ranging from materials science to systems engineering and from optics to supramolecular chemistry. I am proud of the achievements, based on the hard work and long hours of all MESAns, and dedicate this annual report to them. Together they make it work.

Prof. dr. ir. David N. Reinhoudt Scientific Director

3 Left page: Next to scientific publications, MESA+ makes an effort of promoting its work to the general public.

GENERAL

Contents

General Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sketch of the institute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MESA+ Annual Report 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5 7

Scientific Highlights in 2002 Integrated Optical Microcavity: A Photonic Structure For Biosensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Microfabrication of palladium-silver alloy membranes for hydrogen separation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Nanostructure of Supramolecular Assemblies of Hydrogen-Bonded Rosettes on Graphite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Measuring Spin Polarisation with Superconducting Contacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Substrate topology orders block copolymer domains for nanolithography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 A New Methodology for Testing Analogue Cores in Mixed-Signal System-on-Chips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 The CantiClever: A dedicated probe for magnetic force microscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Photonic crystals: ultrafast switching of emission and storage of light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Thermal Noise Cancelling in Wideband Low Noise Amplifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 A two stage SQUID system for the readout of MiniGRAIL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Publications MESA+ Scientific Publications 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 About MESA+ MESA+ Governing Board, Scientific Advisory Board and Management in 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 How to reach MESA+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

GENERAL

Sketch of the institute

Field and mission MESA+ focuses on Nanotechnology based on its

A Program Director is responsible for the scientific

underlying strengths in materials science, microsystem

responsible to the Scientific Director of the institute.

coordination of each SRO. The Program Director is directly

technology, bottom-up chemistry, optics and systems. + To excel in its field of science and technology;

The SROs will be evaluated every two years, based on the criteria mentioned above. MESA+ will use its

+ To educate researchers and designers in the field;

external reviewers (e.g. Scientific Advisory Board,

+ To build up fruitful national and international

the technology foundation STW, or others) for this

cooperation with industry and fellow institutes. MESA+ is an ‘onderzoekschool’, designated by the

evaluation, which can result in (dis)continuation of the program. In case of discontinuation, MESA+ will

Royal Dutch Academy of Science.

only fund salaries of existing Ph.D.’s and post docs

Its mission is

for the remainder of their appointment. MESA+ has defined the following indicators for achieving its mission:

The SROs and their Program Directors should achieve

+ Scientific papers at the level of Science, Nature,

a strong presence and exposure in the (inter)national

or journals of comparable stature; + 1:1 balance between university funding and

scientific world. The Program Directors are appointed (at least) at the level of associate professor.

externally acquired funds; + Sizable spin-off activities.

The current MESA+ SROs are: + Micro Chemical Systems (MiCS),

Organisational structure and programs MESA+ has a matrix structure in which scientific disciplines, led by a responsible professor, are combined with strong and ambitious multidisciplinary programs, the Strategic Research Orientations (SROs),

prof.dr.ir. Albert van den Berg (Lab-on-a-chip); + NanoLink, dr. Jürgen P. Brugger and dr.ir. Martin L. Bennink (Tying top-down to bottom-up micro-, nano- and molecular engineering); + TeraHertz Signal Processing (TeraHertz),

which aim at the various aspects of Nanotechnology.

dr.ir. Gerrit J. Gerritsma , dr. J. Flokstra (Acquisition,

This structure is depicted below.

transportation and manipulation of information at very high speed).

The creation of SROs ensures a strong multidisciplinary activity within the institute and is a basis for realization of its goals. An SRO is a large scientific program (in the order of 30-35 full-time researchers), which satisfies the following criteria: + Combining high-quality research of at least five groups within the institute into a genuine multidisciplinary program; + Providing excellent opportunities for international top-level research; + Attractive for external funding (which is a quality indicator in its own right).

GENERAL

+ Advanced Photonic Structure (APS), dr. Laurens (Kobus) Kuipers (Novel optical devices based on

Participating research groups

low-dimensional photonic crystals and microcavities); + Materials Sciences of Interfaces (MASIF),

Within MESA+, four faculties combine their

dr.ing. Dave H.A. Blank (Material growth on an

strengths within the following fields of expertise:

atomic scale for the realization of junctions for

Applied Mathematics (TW), Applied Physics (TN),

advanced nanometer-scale devices).

Chemical Engineering (CT) and Electrical Engineering (EL). From these faculties, the following

The SROs cover approximately 70% of MESA+ research.

research groups participate:

This activity is completed by disciplinary research, which has an important role in the further development of each research groupâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s disciplinary activities and strength (founding research), in the exploration of new fields (potentials), etc.. This research is referred to as Complementary Research.

+ CT-MTP: Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, prof.dr. G.J. Vancso + CT-SMCT: SupraMolecular Chemistry and Technology, prof.dr.ir. D.N. Reinhoudt

MESA+ is the largest research institute of the University of Twente. It employs approximately 430 people, 300 of whom are scientists including over 200 Ph.D.â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s, post docs, etc.. MESA+ has a turnover of approximately Me 33, of which more than 50% is acquired in competition from external sources (National Science Foundations, European Union, industry etc.).

+ CT-CA: Chemical Analysis, prof. U. Karst + CT-IMS: Inorganic Materials Science, prof.dr.ing. D.H.A. Blank + EL-BIOS: Biosensor Technology, prof.dr.ir. P. Bergveld, prof.dr.ir. A. van den Berg + EL-ICD:

MESA+ has extensive laboratory facilities at its disposal: + A 1000 m2 fully equipped clean room, with a focus on Micro Systems Technology (MST), Nanotechnology, CMOS and Materials and Process Engineering; + A fully equipped Central Materials Analysis Laboratory; + A number of specialized laboratories for chemical synthesis and analysis, materials research and analysis, and device characterization.

Integrated Circuit Design, prof.dr.ir. B. Nauta + EL-IDR: IC-Technology, Devices and Reliability, prof.dr. H. Wallinga, prof.dr. J. Schmitz + EL-SMI: Systems and Materials for Information storage, prof.dr. J.C. Lodder + EL-LDG: Lightwave Devices Group, prof.dr. A. Driessen, prof.dr. P.V. Lambeck + EL-TDT:

MESA+ has a strong relationship with industry, both through joint research projects with the larger multinational companies, and through a cooperation policy focused on small and medium-sized enterprises.

Testable Design and Testing of Microsystems, dr.ir. H.G. Kerkhoff + EL-TT: Micromechanical Transducers, prof.dr. M.C. Elwenspoek + TN-BFT: Biophysical Techniques, prof.dr. J. Greve + TN-CMS: Computational Materials Science, prof.dr. P.J. Kelly + TN-COPS: Complex Photonic Systems, prof.dr. A. Lagendijk + TN-LT: Low Temperature Division, prof.dr. H. Rogalla + TN-OT:

Optical Techniques, prof.dr. N.F. van Hulst + TN-VSF: Solid State Physics, prof.dr.ir. B. Poelsema + TW-AAMP: Applied Analysis and Mathematical Physics, prof.dr. E.W.C. van Groesen

GENERAL

MESA+ Annual Report 2002

Changes in 2002

the eight institutions involved, the initiative matured

The third year of the current MESA+ scientific

to become a comprehensive national programme.

programme was a turbulent one; not only in a

Research focuses on 11 fields of nanotechnology,

scientific context, but also on a personal level. In spring 2002, Gerrit Gerritsma, our Programme Director for the

carried out by combining the extensive facilities of MESA+, DIMES, TNO-TPD and BioMade into a single,

TeraHertz SRO, was diagnosed with a life-threatening

virtual, national lab: NanoLab NL. The entire

disease. In autumn he lost this fight and, in Gerrit, we lose one of our pioneers in the MESA+ scientific

application for this was submitted in February 2003,

programme. We wish his wife and family strength

within the framework of the national programme ICES-

in their terrible loss.

KIS 3.

programme’s budget is 275 million and the

Gerrit’s work within MESA+ is being continued by

At the end of 2002, the Dutch Ministry of Economic

Jaap Flokstra. All Programme Directors are key figures

Affairs gave NanoNed a major boost by providing funds

in the development of our institute, responsible

for the first phase of the programme, with a budget of

for creating coherence in scientific activities across the multidisciplinary MESA+ programme and for

supports a sub-set of five of the 11 NanoNed

stimulating scientific progress.

programmes, as well as the start-up of NanoLab. The

46 million. This sub-programme, called NanoImpuls,

strong development of nanotechnology has led to new The current status of the Strategic Research

chairs being required in this important scientific field.

Orientations (SRO’s) is excellent: output, visibility and attractiveness to external funding have all exceeded

Awards

expectations. This is also reflected in the scientific

Members of MESA+ received a number of prestigious

careers of the individual Programme Directors, which

awards and research grants in 2002. Some of the most

was an intentional side effect of the SRO formula from

important included:

the very outset. Albert van den Berg accepted a chair in

• Ad Lagendijk receiving the Spinoza Award from the

Biomedical and Environmental Sensor Systems at our

Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research

university; Dave Blank accepted a chair in Inorganic

(NWO) for his work on the boundary between optics

Materials Science at our university; and Kobus Kuipers

and solid-state physics and the propagation of waves

accepted a group leader position in Nano-Photonics at the Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics (AMOLF) in Amsterdam. All three will maintain their SRO responsibilities until the end of 2004.

in strongly scattering media; • Albert van den Berg and Cock Lodder both receiving the Simon Stevin Mastership from the Dutch Technology Foundation (STW); • Gert-Jan Koster receiving a VENI grant;

The scientific output of MESA+ is increasing at the expected rate, reflecting the anticipated growth when

• Hans Hilgenkamp, Harold Zandvliet and Jurriaan Huskens receiving a VIDI award;

the programme was set up, in 1999. This has been

• Dave Blank receiving a VICI award;

achieved by maintaining a stable number of permanent

• Piet Bergveld receiving the Microsystem Leadership

scientific staff and reflects the integration and cohesion within MESA+, together with strong ambition and long working days. Preparations for the programme’s second five-year period are now in full

Award at the MicroTas 2002 meeting in Nara, Japan; and • Mercedes Crego Calama receiving a renewal of her KNAW fellowship.

swing. Discussions have already started and should lead to a new or upgraded set of SRO programmes,

VENI, VIDI and VICI grants are awarded to young and

starting in 2004.

promising researchers at different stages of their careers. They are presented by the Netherlands

Nanotechnology in the Netherlands In 2001, MESA+, together with DIMES (Delft) and BioMade (Groningen), took the initiative to create a nationwide nanotechnology programme called NanoNed. In 2002, after intensive discussions between

Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO).

GENERAL

Commercialisation

Applied Nano Technology Systems (TwANTS),

Continuing the focus on nucleation and the growth of commercial spin-off activities connected with MESA+

is now in its pre-seed development phase.

is an explicit part of our mission, and further growth

Changes in the organisation

has been achieved in this area. An IPR arrangement on

The year 2002 saw intensive discussion on the

silicon microfluidics was reached with Lionix, in return

organisational structure within the University of

for shares in the company. On a similar basis, shares

Twente. Part of this was aimed at providing a more

are currently held in Micronit and Avantium.

dynamic structure to the research institutes and to facilitate multidisciplinary research across the

In December 2002, construction got underway of an

institutes’ various departments. Institutes now report

incubator unit, providing offices for start-ups and

directly to the University Board and have full financial

companies that have their technologists close to MESA+ facilities. The building is supported by the

responsibility, providing them with the necessary

European Fund for Regional Development. In recent

processes and to operate on an (inter)national level.

years, the number of start-ups and spin-offs in this

The institutes are now represented directly on

management structure for internal and external

field has grown by an average of two a year, to 20.

the university’s management team. Although the

The excellent growth rate of these companies shows

minimum requirements for the further development of MESA+ have been met, much will still depend

that a healthy foundation has been laid.

on the implementation phase in 2003. In 2002, MESA+ set up a private technology accelerator company to realise business development and IPR portfolio management, on the basis of the available knowledge base within MESA+. The company, Twente

The following pages comprise the scientific section of the MESA+ annual report, in the form of research highlights during 2002.

Two Simon Stevin Masters within MESA+

Prof. Dr. J. C. Lodder (62) was awarded for his pioneering

The STW Technology Foundation named Prof. Albert van

research on the magnetic storage of data. His group,

den Berg and Prof. Cock Lodder as the Simon Stevin

Systems and Materials for Information Storage, is

Masters for 2002: the Netherlands’ highest award for

researching new ways to store information. The hard

research in technical sciences. On 3 October 2002, they

drive is becoming outdated and Prof. Lodder now

were presented with the Simon Stevin sculpture by STW

heads a leading international group researching probe

director Erik van de Linde, along with 0.5 million prize

recording: writing and reading information through

money for their outstanding scientific research and

hundreds of tiny needles simultaneously. His approach

ability to attract industrial partners. The new Stevin

integrates research on recording materials, devices and

Masters can use the prize money for research in technical

complete systems.

sciences. STW selects candidates for the Simon Stevin Mastership Prof. A. van den Berg (44) received the highest honour for

by comparing appraisals of their research plans by different

his research on lab-on-a-chip: complete laboratories

juries. The productivity of the research group led by the

the size of a credit card, which use silicon chip

candidate is also taken into account. With the appointment

technology as their basis. Micro Chemical Systems, Prof. van den Berg’s group at MESA+, will put the

of Prof. Lodder and Prof. van den Berg, there are now nine

prize money towards the NanoScan project, aiming to

the STW Technology Foundation.

develop a system to obtain fluids for analysis from a single cell. Already, it is possible to painlessly extract miniscule amounts of blood with very small needles and Prof. van den Berg has developed a large number

of technologies and devices to pump, filter, mix, analyse or handle nanolitres, and even picolitres, of chemicals for lab-on-a-chip applications.

Stevin Masters who have received this honorary title from

GENERAL

Dave Blank receives NWO subsidy for excellent researchers

deposition system, developed at the University of

Prof. Dave Blank received a subsidy of 1.25 million from

design. Using equipment developed together with Guus

the Dutch Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), for

Rijnders, the growth of materials can be monitored

his research into new materials for nanotechnology. This

at the atomic level, which also makes it possible to

so-called VICI subsidy is awarded to excellent researchers

deposit one molecular layer after another with atomic

who have successfully developed an innovative research

precision.

Twente, it is possible to realise materials of one’s own

line. The money will be used to establish a research group within the next five years.

Prof. David N. Reinhoudt, scientific director of MESA+, expressed his pride in this achievement: "It is, of

Prof. Dave H. A. Blank (49) was recently appointed

course, fantastic that we have someone in our midst

Professor of Inorganic Materials Science within MESA+

who, little over a month after his appointment as

at the University of Twente’s faculty of Science and

professor, has received a VICI grant. The research

Technology. He received the VICI subsidy for his

conducted by Blank is an important field within

research into nanodevices, based on artificially

nanotechnology and therefore strengthens MESA+."

constructed materials. By means of a pulsed laser

Spinoza Award 2002 for Ad Lagendijk

University of Twente’s MESA+ research institute.

On 28 August 2002, Prof. Ad Lagendijk (54) received

Lagendijk is well-known for his research on ‘pestering

the Spinoza Award 2002 from the Dutch Organisation

light’, as he calls it, which consists of localising and

for Scientific Research (NWO) in The Hague. The award,

manipulating light. Using advanced materials and

also known as the ‘Dutch Nobel Prize’, consists of

structures, he attempts to control the behaviour of

a small statue of Spinoza and 1.5 million. Ad Lagendijk,

light. This fundamental research could lead to new

Professor of Waves in Complex Media within MESA+,

applications in information technology, such as optical

is one of four Dutch scientists to receive this prestigious

telecommunication, microscopy and miniature lasers.

award in only eight occasions that the prize has been

Ad Lagendijk intends to use the prize money to enable

awarded.

him to devote more time to research. "Both my staff and I need to spend more time on real science and let other people

On 1 March 2002, Ad Lagendijk, together with his

take care of the non-science parts. I would also like to make

colleague Prof. Willem Vos, established the research

it easier for scientists from abroad to join our group for

group Complex Photonic Systems (COPS) at the

anything from a month to a year."

Mercedes Crego Calama’s KNAW fellowship renewed

as well as the possibility of the researcher’s permanent

Mercedes Crego Calama, staff member at Twente

appointment at the university at the end of the project.

University’s Supramolecular Chemistry and Technology

At present, Dr. Crego supervises seven PhD students,

group, has received another two-year fellowship from

two post doctorate students and several undergraduate

the Royal Netherlands Academy for Arts and Sciences

students and technicians.

(KNAW), for her research on sensor arrays.

Dr. Crego said of the research project: "We are developing the technology for the high-speed fabrication and screening of

KNAW promotes the entire field of learning in the

a new generation of molecular sensors. The project is based

Netherlands. Fundamental research is tomorrow’s

on the new combinatorial approach. Combinatorial

applied research source and, thus, the basis of future

Chemistry is the art and science of synthesising and testing

applications. In 1986, KNAW established the academy

compounds for bio-activity en masse, instead of one by one.

researchers’ programme. Mercedes Crego Calama (35)

The general aim is to discover chemicals, catalysts and drugs

was among the 37 researchers appointed in 2000.

quicker and less expensively than was previously possible.

She comes from Salamanca, in Spain, and in 1997 she

We have discovered a very selective and sensitive way to

began her post doctorate research ‘Combinatorial

detect metal ions."

Library based on Self Assembled Nanocavities’ in

Three years ago, Dr. Crego’s comments on her stay in

Professor D. N. Reinhoudt’s group at Twente University.

the Netherlands were about the disadvantages of the

During her post doctorate, she wrote a proposal for a

Dutch weather, which was compensated by being able

project of five year’s duration. This proposal was

to work with a world-renowned team at an institution

submitted to KNAW, which awarded funding for the

with the same merit. Today, Dr. Crego says: "Obviously,

research for a period of three years. In 2002, KNAW

the weather has not changed and neither has the

supplied the funding for the remaining two years, after

quality of the team and institution. So…"

taking the quality of the research into consideration,

SCIENTIFIC HIGHLIGHTS

Integrated Optical Microcavity: A Photonic Structure For Biosensing

The Lightwave Devices Group (LDG) has proposed

We have demonstrated the use of the MC for refractive

the use of a photonic structure based on an integrated

index sensing (Figure 2a) and optical (fluorescence)

optical (IO) microcavity (MC) as a new tool for

spectroscopy (Figure 2b). As a multiple interference

spectroscopy and sensing of (bio)molecules. Due to

device, the IO MC offers the following advantages

its resonant properties and compactness, MC-assisted

for biosensing compared to conventional, straight

analyte detection may become a major innovation in

waveguide-based sensors:

(bio)sensing. (i) Resonant-enhanced sensitivity, proportional to the Q of the MC, i.e., a resolution better than 10-7 A MC-based sensor consists of a high refractive index

refractive index units in index sensing and

disk positioned in between two straight waveguides

potential improvement by a factor of 50 in

(Figure 1a). This disk, when evanescently excited by the laser light coupled into the waveguide, is capable

fluorescence sensing versus waveguide excitation. (ii) Compactness (from 5 to 15 Âľm in radius), which

of supporting high-Q resonances at specific laser

allows a reduction of analyte volume to several

wavelengths. At resonance, the intracavity intensity is many times enhanced inside the MC and can be

femtolitres. (iii) Compatibility with IO technology, which enables

observed as a bright light circle at the rim of the MC

combinations of many MCs (104 - 105 per cm2)

(Figure 1b). This resonant-enhanced field can efficiently

on a single chip and integration with a lab-on-chip.

probe analyte molecules in the evanescent field of the MC mode.

Fig. 1. (a) A schematic view of the MC-sensor coupled to two

Fig. 2. (a) The scattering spectra from the MC recorded

waveguides. The device was realised in Si3N4 on SiO2 technology. The MC is excited by the tunable laser light

with increasing concentrations of glucose applied on top

source coupled into one of the waveguides. Refractive index

wavelength. (b) Fluorescence excitation spectrum of

sensing: an analyte on top of the MC induces a change in the

Indocyanine Green (IR absorbing dye) excited near a MC

scattering signal Ps measured from the top, in transmittance (Pt) or in reflectance (Pr). Fluorescence sensing: top-emitted

resonance, showing an enhancement of about 3 in the

fluorescence Pfluo from an analyte evanescently excited at the MC surface is detected. (b) Top CCD image of the MC

resonance. The sampling volume is estimated to be about

(R = 15 Âľm) showing an enhancement of the intracavity field

at resonance.

of the MC, showing a progressive upshift of the resonance

fluorescence emission intensity, when the MC is tuned to its 7 femtolitres in both cases.

SCIENTIFIC HIGHLIGHTS

Figure 3. Conceptual layout of 5x5 multiple MCs combined into a sensing platform. Many MC sensors can be combined on a single chip. A number of different schemes incorporating many MCs can be proposed, in which refractive index and fluorescence sensing modes can be applied simultaneously on a single platform (Figure 3). By functionalising the sensing area of each MC in such an array, a high throughput biosensing platform can be realised with potential applications in express genomic analysis, drug screening, etc. As a result of this successful research, it is expected that other resonant photonic structures will also be of interest for (bio)sensing applications. This work has been carried out in the framework of the collaborative project between Biophysical Techniques and the Lightwave Devices Group and was financially supported by the Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter (FOM) (grant number: 98PR1771).

Publications â&#x20AC;&#x201C; E. Krioukov, D.J.W. Klunder, A. Driessen, J. Greve and C. Otto: A new type of sensor based on an integrated optical microcavity. Opt. Lett. 27, p. 512-514 (2002). â&#x20AC;&#x201C; E. Krioukov, D.J.W. Klunder, A. Driessen, J. Greve and C. Otto: Integrated optical microcavities for enhanced evanescent wave spectroscopy. Opt. Lett. 27, p. 1504-1506 (2002).

SCIENTIFIC HIGHLIGHTS

Microfabrication of palladium-silver alloy membranes for hydrogen separation

Recent years have seen an increased demand for hydrogen in many sectors, including petroleum refining, petrochemical and material processing and new energy-related applications, e.g. clean fuel for fuel cells and vehicles. This has led to a revival of interest in methods concerning separation and purification of hydrogen from gas mixtures. Palladium (Pd)-based membranes have been the subject of many studies, largely due to their unmatched potential as hydrogenselective membranes for separation or purification

Figure 1.

and membrane reactors for dehydrogenation.

SEM picture of the microfabricated Pd-Ag membranes; 200-750 nm thick Pd-Ag membranes are supported by a strong silicon nitride microsieves.

The conventional technologies have a number of limitations. For example, the fabrication methods result in thick palladium films for tube-type membranes, or the gas selectivity is often poor due to insufficient step coverage of thin Pd film on porous supports. Recent developments at MESA+ have focused on the utilisation of microfabrication technology (a sequence of well-known thin film and silicon micromachining techniques) as a novel approach for fabricating extremely thin, pin-hole free Pd composite membranes. This can offer a dramatic increase in the flux and the selectivity of the membrane, plus potential reductions in costs (see Figure 1). Figure 2. The measuring results illustrate that the microfabricated

Dependence of hydrogen fluxes on hydrogen pressure

PdAg membranes have the proper mechanical strength,

in retentate side. The membrane was 700 nm thick

high hydrogen flux as well as high selectivity (see Figure

of Pd-Ag and the temperature was kept at 4500C.

2). This membrane can be used for hydrogen purification

Note: average flow rates for period of 100 hours was used

from gas mixtures, or as a membrane reactor for

for the graph.

hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions. Partners: Transducer Science and Technology Group, MESA+ Research Institute, University of Twente, The Netherlands. Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands

Aquamarijn Micro Filtration B.V., Hengelo Gld., The Netherlands

Publications – H.D. Tong, F.C. Gielens, J.W. Berenschot, M.J. De Boer, J.G.E. Gardeniers, W. Nijdam, C.J.M. van Rijn and M.C. Elwenspoek: Fabrication and characterization of MEMS based wafer-scale palladium-silver alloy membranes for hydrogen separation and hydrogenation/dehydrogenation reactions. Proc.IEEE Conf. MEMS’02, p.268-272. – F.C. Gielens, H. D. Tong, C.J.M. van Rijn, M.A.G. Vorstman and J.T.F. Keurentjes: High-flux palladium-silver alloy membranes fabricated by microsystem technology. Desalination 147 (2002) p 417-423.

SCIENTIFIC HIGHLIGHTS

Nanostructure of Supramolecular Assemblies of Hydrogen-Bonded Rosettes on Graphite

The self-assembly of low molecular weight building blocks into noncovalent polymeric nanostructures has become a promising alternative in nanotechnology for the construction of molecular scale devices via the socalled bottom-up approach. For this purpose, several requisites have to be fulfilled. In the first place, the components involved in the final molecular construction sets should serve as platforms for the incorporation of further functional groups, in such a way that the final molecular construction sets will inherit the recognition and electronic and/or magnetic properties of the new functionalities introduced. Secondly, the molecules should self-organise on the substrates by self-assembly.

Researchers from the Supramolecular and Technology group have developed a supramolecular system with nanodimensions of 3.3 x 3 nm, namely tetrarosette assembly. This system is the result of the spontaneous self-assembly in apolar media of three molecules

Schematic representation and gas phase minimised structure

of tetramelamine and 12 molecules of a barbiturate

of the tetrarosette assembly. (A) Unfiltered high resolution

derivative as a result of 72 cooperative hydrogen bonds.

tapping mode AFM phase image of the tetrarosette nanorod

Moreover, the group demonstrated that it is possible to

domain structure; (Inset) 2D fast Fourier transform. (B)

introduce new chemical functionalities in the building

Fourier filtered section of raw data shown in A and unit cell

blocks without disturbing their capability to form the

of the lattice structure.

assemblies. In the year 2002, the self-organisation of these assemblies into ordered nanostructures on high oriented pyrolitic graphite (HOPG) surfaces has been studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM) in collaboration with the Material Science and Technology of Polymers group. The results show that the tetrarosette assembly arranges in parallel rows with a spacing of 4.6 ± 0.1 nm. Furthermore, high resolution AFM images revealed a superstructure for the internal packing of the assemblies. This superstructure can be described as a unit cell with an oblique lattice of a = 2.5 ± 0.3 nm, b = 5.0 ± 0.1 nm and γ = 122 ± 3°. The perfect order of these assemblies into well-defined 2D structures on HOPG, together with the versatility of the building

Publications – H. Schönherr, V. Paraschiv, S. Zapotoczny, M. Crego-Calama,

blocks for chemical modification, makes these

P. Timmerman, C.W. Frank, G.J. Vancso and D.N. Reinhoudt:

assemblies an ideal platform for tailoring surface

Proc. Ntl. Am. Soc 2002, 8, p. 5024-5027.

properties.

SCIENTIFIC HIGHLIGHTS

Measuring Spin Polarisation with Superconducting Contacts

Less than ten years after the Giant MagnetoResistance

By reformulating PCAR in terms of scattering matrices,

(GMR) effect was discovered in magnetic multilayers

the Computational Materials Science group was able

in 1988, it was commercially applied to the reading of

to make detailed, material-specific calculations.

information stored on magnetic hard-disk drives. This

These took into account the spin-dependent interface

success stimulated a large amount of research on spin-

reflection and transmission without introducing any

dependent electrical transport and refocused attention

fitting parameters. Comparison with the measured

on how the spin-polarisation of magnetic material is

results for Pb/Cu, Pb/Ni and Pb/Co allowed us to

measured.

conclude that the formalism conventionally used to describe transport through ferromagnet/ superconducting interfaces is incomplete and

At an interface between normal and superconducting

that PCAR measurements do not determine bulk

metals, there is an enhancement of the conductance.

spin-polarisation.

This occurs because a Cooper pair in a superconductor carries double the charge of an electron in the normal material which is 'retro-reflected' at the interface â&#x20AC;&#x201C; an effect called Andreev reflection (see figure). This enhancement should be suppressed when the normal metal is replaced by a ferromagnetic metal and the degree of suppression depends on the spinpolarisation of the ferromagnet. Determining spin-polarisation using Point Contact Andreev Reflection (PCAR) has received a great deal of attention. However, the determination is indirect because it requires fitting the measured currentvoltage characteristic to a theoretical model and as such depends on the details of the theoretical model.

A spin-up electron incident from the left on a normal metal

A good fit could be achieved without including any

(N) must pair up with a spin-down electron in order to be

spin-dependence of the interface transparency

able to pass into the superconducting metal (S) on the right

â&#x20AC;&#x201C; which is especially surprising considering that such

where the charge carriers are Cooper pairs. In other words,

a spin-dependence is the origin of the GMR effect!

the first spin-up electron is 'retro-reflected' as a spin-down hole.

Publications â&#x20AC;&#x201C; JK. Xia, P.J. Kelly, G.E.W. Bauer and I. Turek: Spin-dependent transparency of ferromagnet/superconductor interfaces. Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 (2002) 166603.

SCIENTIFIC HIGHLIGHTS

Substrate topology orders block copolymer domains for nanolithography

The Materials Science and Technology of Polymers (MTP) group explores the use of self-assembled di-block copolymers as templates for various nanofabrication approaches. The di-block copolymers employed consist of an etch-resistant organometallic block, connected to an organic block at well-defined total chain length and block length ratio. Thin films of these copolymers can form different structures, such as organometallic spherical domains with diameters on the nanoscale, embedded in the matrix of the organic component.

Nanodots ordered in prefabricated silica grooves after reactive ion etching. Groove width: 240 nm; dot size: 20 nm.

In a collaboration with Prof. N.P. Balsara of the University of California at Berkeley, we developed a thermodynamic understanding which governs this phase separation [1]. If such thin films are coated to substrates like Si, and exposed to reactive ion etching conditions, areas covered by the organometallic nanodomains are selectively protected. Thus the negative of the corresponding patterns will be etched into the substrate. Self-assembly generally produces structures that possess only short-range order. However, long-range order can be imposed if self-assembly takes place on a template. Ordered rows of domains form within the grooves, but, unexpectedly, the domain periodicity is not uniform across the groove. Defects and dislocations in the domain array can be deliberately introduced by variations in groove geometry. This model system illustrates the power of the templating process in its ability to tailor the spacing of a self-assembled structure and to engineer the location of defects, which enables the design of precisely patterned hierarchical structures for a variety of applications. These results were achieved in a collaborative project with the groups of professor C.A. Ross and E.L. Thomas of MIT [2].

Publications â&#x20AC;&#x201C; [1] H. B. Eitouni, N.P. Balsara, H. Hahn, J. A. Pople and M. A. Hempenius: Macromolecules, 35, p. 7765-7772 (2002). â&#x20AC;&#x201C; [2] J. Y. Cheng, C. A. Ross, E. L. Thomas, Henry I. Smith, and G. J. Vancso: Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, p. 3657 (2002).

SCIENTIFIC HIGHLIGHTS

A New Methodology for Testing Analogue Cores in Mixed-Signal System-on-Chips

As the new generations of complex ICs (100 million

Finally, an innovative way of propagating the generated

transistors), such as those required for 3G-mobile

test signals for embedded cores to the external pins

communication and advanced televisions, require a

(primary inputs and outputs) of such a complex SoC

great deal of time and effort in design and testing, and

has been implemented. It is based on the PID algorithm

have incredibly short life cycles (c. nine months), only

originating from the control theory.

the Systems-on-Chip (SoC) approach seems feasible.

The figure below shows the subsequent automatically

This approach reuses designs and tests of functional

generated analogue test signal for an embedded

blocks, so-called IPs (Intellectual Property). These

operational amplifier (OPAMP) core. This is required for

implemented IPs, referred to as cores, can be complete

detecting an internal bridging fault (type of short) in

microprocessors, large memories of different types

the circuit. The next signal shows the generated signal

(e.g. DRAM, SRAM or EEPROMS), and dedicated cores,

required at the primary input of the SoC, for when the

such as a USB interface or mixed-signal data

operational amplifier is preceded by a (fault-free)

converters. These cores are usually interconnected

analogue voltage buffer. The last signal depicts the

by means of standardised busses.

primary output of the SoC after propagating the output of the embedded (faulty) amplifier via a voltage-tocurrent converter. Care has been taken that there is a

For the cores, the VSIA standardisation for the design-

significant measurement difference between the fault-

data exchange between the different core vendors and

free and faulty cases, even in the presence of allowed

core users has been developed, while the emerging

process variations.

P1500 standard is now being suggested for testing pure digital SoCs on the basis of individual core tests. At the beginning of 2000, the MESA+ TDT group had already suggested firstly extending P1500 to analogue

Waveform input for faulty core Waveform input for faulty core

Waveform Input to primary input SoC

Waveform primary SoC (Faculty embedded core)

Automatically generated input signal for a bridging fault in an embedded OPAMP core

Generated input signal at primary input of a SoC using the PID back-trace algorithm (preceding buffer)

Resulting signal at primary output of SoC (succeeding VI converter) in the event of a faulty OPAMP core

and mixed-signal cores, consequently enabling a complete mixed-signal test architecture for these SoCs. This is important, as the vast majority of SoCs are expected to incorporate analogue and mixed-signal cores in the years ahead. At the end of 2002, the TDT group finalised and published a complete environment. Consisting of methods, hardware and software tools, this made the testing of analogue cores in a complex mixed-signal SoC a practical reality. First, a software tool was developed which

This complete test environment has been verified on

automatically generates the proper analogue signals

an actual design. This includes using our advanced

for detecting actual physical manufacturing defects in

mixed-signal test system at the MESA Test Centre.

analogue cores. This process is guided by the derived

The result is the outcome of more than ten years of

testability factors of nodes in the core transistor netlist

research, which will be recognised by the award of two

which indicate potential test problems. It selects the

PhDs in 2003.

proper frequencies of sinusoidal input signals which are easy to generate in hardware.

Secondly, a tool was developed for finding weak testability spots between cores in a complex SoC. This enables designers to avoid these weak spots

Publications â&#x20AC;&#x201C; M. Stancic, L. Fang, M. Weusthof, R. Tijink and H. Kerkhoff:

during the necessary insertion of dedicated, P1500

A New Test Generation Approach for Embedded Analogue Cores

compatible, test hardware. The required architecture

in System-on-Chip. IEEE International Test Conference (ITC),

and design of these mixed-signal wrapper cells around

Baltimore USA, Oct. 2002, p. 861 - 869.

cores has also been proposed and carried out.

SCIENTIFIC HIGHLIGHTS

The CantiClever: A dedicated probe for magnetic force microscopy

Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) is a scanning probe technique used for generating a high-resolution image of stray fields above a magnetic thin film. Requiring very little sample preparation, MFM is the instrument of choice for the analysis of bit patterns in hard disks. However, the tremendous increases in the data density of magnetic storage systems has pushed the bit size down into the nanometer range, close to the maximum resolution of current MFM’s. This resolution, which is currently limited by the geometry of the magnetic tip, has to be improved if the hard disk research community is not to lose a very powerful imaging technique.

Figure 1. CantiClever

In response to this challenge, the SMI group has invented the CantiClever process. This enables virtually perfect MFM tips to be produced in the MESA+ clean room in a highly reproducible manufacturing process. Unlike commercially available probes, which are merely prepared by depositing magnetic layers on AFM cantilevers, the new design integrates the magnetic probe and the cantilever in a single fabrication process. Figure 2. CAMST reference sample

The CantiClever process allows control of the cross section of the magnetic needle in the nanometer range, by defining both lateral dimensions using thin film deposition techniques. The magnetic tip is made by depositing magnetic material on the side of a free hanging, ultra-thin SiN layer. The width and thickness of the magnetic tip are defined by the thickness of this tip plane and the magnetic layer, respectively. The length of the tip is defined using photolithography. Using anisotropic wet chemical etching of silicon and deposition of silicon nitride layers in a low stress LPCVD process, MFM tips were realised with tip cross sections as small as 50x50 nm with a length of 20 microns. On a special sample used for resolution benchmarking of MFM’s, magnetic features as small as 30 nm could be observed using a tip with a 50 nm cross section. This is comparable to the best commercial sensors available. It is expected that the cross section of the tip will be reduced to even smaller sizes and that the resolution can be improved to 10 nm and possibly even lower.

Publications – A. van den Bos, I. Heskamp, M. Siekmann, L. Abelmann and C. Lodder: The CantiClever: a dedicated probe for magnetic force microscopy. IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 38 (2002), p. 2441-2443. – A.G. Van den Bos, L.Abelmann and J.C.Lodder: Probe en werkwijze voor de vervaardiging van een dergelijke probe. Patent Nr. PCT NL02/00842.

SCIENTIFIC HIGHLIGHTS

Photonic crystals: ultrafast switching of emission and storage of light

Photonic crystals are nanostructured optical materials

Such control over the band gap is based on switching

that are currently generating a lot of interest as

of the refractive index of the semiconductor backbone

prospective `semiconductors for light'. Such materials

of the photonic crystals. Photons in a short pump

are expected to allow full control over the propagation

pulse excite free charge carriers in the semiconductor,

and emission of light. The wide range of possibilities

causing a large reduction of its refractive index.

offered by photonic crystals will be greatly enhanced

Consequently, the photonic band gap for probe light

if the photonic properties can be switched in time.

exhibits a major shift in frequency in a matter

As part of the Advanced Photonic Structures project,

of femtoseconds (Figure 2). We have theoretically

the Complex Photonic Systems group is pioneering

investigated the effect and feasibility of this switching

a method to control photonic crystals on ultrafast

method for GaAs and Si inverse opals.

timescales. The switching effect at a certain probe frequency, set by the emission wavelength of the embedded light To this end, the availability of high-quality thin films

source, is of major importance for manipulating

Photonic crystals are composite dielectric materials in

efficient miniature light sources. The emission decay

which the refractive index varies periodically on length

rate of embedded quantum dots or fluorescent

scales comparable to the wavelength of light. To

molecules can, for instance, be switched from

achieve a sufficiently high refractive index contrast

accelerated decay to complete inhibition of emission,

between the constituents, and for suitably engineered

or vice versa. Using multiple switching pulses in

3D geometry, a photonic band gap can occur. Like the

succession, one can also switch off emission with

energy gap for electrons in a semiconductor, a photonic

a first pump pulse, and then switch it on again with

band gap is a frequency window for which propagation

a second pulse that further reduces the refractive index

of photons is forbidden in all directions. A band gap

of the semiconductor. Most importantly, this type of

promises full control over spontaneous emission of

switching can be done at a rate independent of the

light sources: emission can be either accelerated or

relaxation time of the semiconductor backbone.

completely forbidden.

This switching method will not only be useful for controlling emission. It opens up a wide range of

Figure 1 shows a photonic â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;inverse opal': an array of

opportunities based on the switching of, for instance,

submicron air spheres ordered in a face-centred cubic

wavelength-size microcavities embedded as point

crystal lattice. We have recently observed five-fold

defects in the photonic crystal backbone. The ability to

modified spontaneous emission in such photonic

quickly open or close the gap at the cavity frequency

crystals made of titanium dioxide. Inverse opals will

may allow photons to be encaged near defects for a

have a photonic band gap if the space between the air

specified time. Control of emission and storage of light

spheres is filled with, for example, silicon or gallium arsenide, which is currently being set up at MESA+.

are useful for applications involving nanoscale lasers

In addition, new methods are being developed in

This work has recently led to a patent application.

collaboration with ASML, Philips and the group of John Kelly and DaniĂŤl Vanmaekelbergh at Utrecht University, to create semiconductor photonic crystals by etching. These semiconductors are ideally suited for realising all-optical and ultrafast switching of photonic band

gaps.

and optical (quantum) information processing.

SCIENTIFIC HIGHLIGHTS

Figure 2. Spontaneous emission rate relative to the free space decay rate versus normalised optical frequency, before (blue) and after (red) switching a GaAs inverse opal. At the frequency indicated in green, emission can be switched from completely inhibited to eight-fold accelerated. Depending on the optical frequency, different switching schemes are possible. Band gaps are indicated by coloured bars at the bottom. Figure 1. SEM micrograph of a photonic inverse opal of air spheres (radius ~ 350 nm) in a backbone of titanium dioxide.

Publications – P. M. Johnson, A. F. Koenderink and W. L. Vos: Ultrafast switching of photonic density of states in photonic crystals. Phys. Rev. B 66, 081102(R) (2002). – A. F. Koenderink, L. Bechger, H. P. Schriemer, A. Lagendijk and W. L. Vos: Broadband fivefold reduction of vacuum fluctuations probed by dyes in photonic crystals. Phys. Rev. Lett. 88,143903 (2002). – A. F. Koenderink: Emission and transport of light in photonic crystals. PhD Thesis, University of Amsterdam (2003).

SCIENTIFIC HIGHLIGHTS

Thermal Noise Cancelling in Wideband Low Noise Amplifiers

Noise is a problem in almost any amplifier, but

Normally we use node Y as output. Now, by adding

especially in the first amplifier of wireless

weighted versions of the signals at node X and Y, we

communication receiver systems. Antenna signal

have created a new output. To show that this cancels

strengths may be well below one microVolt, which is

the noise of M1, the noise is modelled by a current

far too low for direct processing via analogue to digital converters or mixers. A low noise amplifier is therefore

In1 (red-coloured, noisy signal). This current flows via resistor R â&#x20AC;&#x201C; and the source resistance RS â&#x20AC;&#x201C; to ground,

used to first amplify the antenna signal. To avoid

resulting in two fully correlated noise voltages at node

reflections at the operating frequency in the GHz range,

X and Y. These noise voltages have the same 'shape'

this amplifier needs to have an input impedance which

as a function of time, but have different amplitude.

is 'matched' to the antenna impedance â&#x20AC;&#x201C; typically

The noise voltage at node X is amplified by an

50 ohm. Implementing this matching impedance via

inverting amplifier A, again resulting in a fully

a resistor is usually unacceptable as the resistor adds

correlated but now anti-phase noise signal. If the

too much thermal noise. To solve this problem, these

amplification 'A' has the right value, the noise voltages

amplifiers are commonly implemented using an

cancel after addition at the output. In contrast,

integrated inductor and capacitor in a resonator circuit.

the desired signals that come from the source add

Close to the resonance frequency, this network renders

constructively (blue coloured sine wave signal).

the desired resistive input impedance and

Thus we achieve gain and input impedance matching

amplification, while inductors and capacitors ideally

for signals coming from the source, while cancelling

do not add thermal noise.

the key thermal noise contribution of transistor M1.

Inductors do, however, take up a large part of the chip area, and limit the flexibility of the radio receiver, as each radio band requires its own resonator. This is becoming increasingly impractical with the trend towards multi-band radio receivers being integrated on a single chip (e.g. 3-band GSM phone). The ultimate system designer's dream is to implement the radio functionality in software for maximum flexibility ('software radio'). For this purpose a flexible, (i.e. wideband) amplifier is needed to amplify the weak antenna signals prior to analogue to digital conversion. The IC Design group developed a new noise cancelling technique to enable flexible wideband amplification. This technique does not exploit inflexible inductors to achieve low noise, but instead cancels the key thermal noise contribution which is generally associated with the impedance-matching device. Figure 1 shows the principle of the new noise cancellation technique. The well-known amplifier configuration consisting of

M1 and resistor R realises an amplifier with the desired matching impedance. However, its noise is problematic and we therefore demonstrated how to eliminate the noise.

Figure 1: Noise Cancellation Principle

SCIENTIFIC HIGHLIGHTS

We designed a chip to demonstrate the feasibility of noise cancellation. The amplifier A and adder can actually be implemented with only two transistors (not shown for simplicity) [1]. The amplifier has 14dB of gain over 2GHz of bandwidth, covering the most important communication bands for mobile telephony. It can therefore replace multiple inductor-based amplifiers â&#x20AC;&#x201C; for example, the three amplifiers in a triple-band GSM phone. Figure 2 shows a photo of a chip realised in an industrial CMOS process with 0.25-micrometer minimum feature size. The chip area is 0.08 mm2, which is smaller than the typical area taken by even one inductor. The noise figure, a quality measurement for noise performance, is between 2 and 3dB over the whole band, which is comparable to inductor-based amplifiers. This work was presented at the ISSCC conference [1] and received the 'Jan van Vessem' award for the best European paper.

Figure 2: Chip photograph

Figure 3: Noise Figure Performance

Publications â&#x20AC;&#x201C; [1] F. Bruccoleri, E. A. M. Klumperink and B. Nauta: Noise Cancelling in Wideband CMOS LNAs. Proceedings of the IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC), Vol. 45, Paper 24.6, p. 406-407, San Francisco, 6 February 2002.

SCIENTIFIC HIGHLIGHTS

A two stage SQUID system for the readout of MiniGRAIL

The Superconducting Quantum Interference Device

of the AlOx barrier layer of the Josephson junctions.

(SQUID) is one of the most successful applications of

The thickness of this layer (about 1 nm) is controlled

superconductivity. It is renowned for being the most

by the oxygen pressure and determines important

sensitive sensor for magnetic flux currently available,

parameters of the SQUIDs, such as the critical current,

with a sensitivity that can approach the quantum limit

i.e. the maximum current at which the SQUID is

and a frequency response that extends from dc to a

superconducting.

few GHz. At the Low Temperature Division, we have developed new SQUID concepts based on a Double

Other topics that are studied within this project

Relaxation Oscillation SQUID (DROS). This resulted in

include the damping of resonances in the flux

digital SQUIDs with very high slew rates and two-stage

transformer network, (RF) filtering of the wires

SQUID systems with very low noise levels (Figure 1).

between the SQUIDs and the room temperature electronics, and the design of shielded SQUID modules.

The two-stage SQUID systems based on DROSs are deployed in a spherical gravitational wave antenna called MiniGRAIL (www.minigrail.nl). A complete SQUID readout for the antenna is currently being developed in cooperation with Leiden University. If a gravitational wave excites the sphere, with a diameter of 65 cm, it will show a size variation of the order of 10-20m, i.e. ten billion times smaller than the size of an atom. In order to amplify these extremely small displacements, two mechanical resonators with a large

Figure 1.

quality factor and with decreasing masses are used.

Micrograph of an integrated two-stage SQUID system

A superconducting plate is mounted on top of the last mass, which modulates the magnetic field generated by a persistent current in a superconducting coil. The superconducting coil is coupled to a nearly quantum limited two-stage SQUID system via a flux transformer network. In this way, the small displacement is converted to a flux change in the sensor SQUID. The output signal of the sensor SQUID is amplified by a DROS to prevent the overall system sensitivity being limited by the room temperature readout electronics. Figure 2 gives a schematic overview of the SQUID readout of the MiniGRAIL. Figure 2. By cooling down the SQUIDs to a temperature around

Schematic overview of the SQUID readout

20 mK, the energy resolution of the SQUID can in

of a gravitational wave antenna.

principle reach the quantum limit (~h). However,

cooling down the SQUID to the mK range is not easy. For example, Joule heating in the shunt resistors of the SQUID causes the temperature of the SQUID to level off. To prevent this so-called hot-electron effect, new SQUIDs have been designed with cooling fins added to the resistors, in order that the SQUID can be cooled down to lower temperatures.

Publications – M. Podt: Wideband low-noise integrated SQUID systems. Ph.D. thesis, University of Twente (2002). – M. Podt, J. Flokstra and H. Rogalla: Low-noise SQUIDs with large transfer: Two-stage SQUIDs based on DROSs. Physica C vol. 372-376 (2002), p. 225-228. – Supergevoelige sensor: Twentse SQUID kan zwaartekrachts-

The SQUIDs have been fabricated using the lift-off technique, sputtering and reactive ion etching. A crucial step in the fabrication process is the growth

golven oppikken. NRC Handelsblad (18-1-2003).

PUBLICATIONS

MESA+ Scientific Publications 2002

PHD THESES Beekmans, L.G.M. Morphology Development in Semi-Crystalline Polymers by in situ Scanning Force Microscopy. (2002, februari 8). 127 pp. Thesis advisor(s): Prof.dr. G.J. Vancso. ISBN: 90 365 1714 1 Baar, J.J. van Distributed thermal micro sensors for fluid flow. (2002, november 13). 132 pp. Enschede Universiteit Twente Thesis advisor(s): Prof.dr. M.C. Elwenspoek, Prof.dr.ir. P.P.L. Regtien. ISBN: 9036518288 Bartolome pocar, M.E. Cryogenic current comparators with optimum SQUID readout for current and resistance quantum metrology. (2002, maart 1). 194 pp. Enschede Ipskamp Print Partners Thesis advisor(s): Prof. H. Rogalla, Dr.ir. J. Flokstra. ISBN: 90-365-1701-x Blom, M.T. On-chip separation and sensing systems for hydrodynamic chromatography. (2002, december 13). 233 pp. Enschede Universiteit Twente Thesis advisor(s): Prof.dr.ir. A. van den Berg, dr.ir. R.E. Oosterbroek, Prof.dr.ir. R.P Tijssen. ISBN: 9036518415 Bouwman, P.J. Lithium intercalation in preferentially oriented submicron LiCoO2 films. (2002, april 5). 188 pp. Enschede Universiteit Twente Thesis advisor(s): Prof.dr.ir. D.N. Reinhoudt, P.H.L. Notten, Dr. B.A. Boukamp. ISBN: 90-365-1728-1 Chevtchenko, O.A. On the application of HighTc superconductors in power coils and transformers. (2002, oktober 17). 152 pp. Enschede Universiteit Twente Thesis advisor(s): Prof.dr.ir. H.H.J. ten Kate. ISBN: 90365-1791-5 Diehl, J.G.R. Liquid chromatography / electrochemistry / mass spectrometry of ferrocene derivatives. (2002, februari 22). 150 pp. Enschede Twente University Press Thesis advisor(s): Prof.dr. U. Karst, Prof.dr.ir. J.H.A. de Smit. ISBN: 9036517184 Doeswijk, L.M. Pulsed Laser Deposition of Oxides on Silicon: Exploring their Passivating Qualities. (2002, november 8). 136 pp. Enschede Febodruk B.V. Thesis advisor(s): Prof. H. Rogalla, Prof.Dr.Ing. D.H.A. Blank. ISBN: 90-365-1810-5

Erve, O.M.J. van 't Device properties of the spin-valve transistor and the magnetic tunnel transistor. (2002, mei 17). 128 pp. Enschede Twente University Press Thesis advisor(s): Prof.dr. J.C. Lodder. ISBN: 9036517354 Fiammengo, R. Supramolecular mimics of heme-protein binding sites. (2002, september 27). 163 pp. Enschede Thesis advisor(s): Prof.dr.ir. D.N. Reinhoudt, Dr. M. Crego calama. ISBN: 9036518040 Gaal, S.B. Novel methods to calculate guided and radiation modes in slab en channel waveguides. (2002, december 19). 130 pp. Enschede University Press Thesis advisor(s): Prof.dr. T.J.A. Popma, Prof.dr. P. Richter, Dr. H.J.W.M. Hoekstra. ISBN: 9036518504 Golo-Tosic, N. Electrostatic Discharge Effects in Thin Film Transistors. (2002, oktober 2). 132 pp. Enschede, The Netherlands Twente University Press Thesis advisor(s): Prof.dr.ir. F.G. Kuper, prof.dr.ir. A.J. Mouthaan. ISBN: 9036518091 Gomez Rivas, J. Light in strongly scattering semiconductors; diffuse transport and Anderson localization. (2002, april 16). 137 pp. Amsterdam Universiteit van Amsterdam Thesis advisor(s): Prof.dr. A. Lagendijk, Dr. R. Sprik. ISBN: 90-5776-082-7 Gonzalez Cuenca, M.M. Novel anode materials for solid oxide fuel cells. (2002, augustus 30). 151 pp. Enschede Twente University Press Thesis advisor(s): Prof.dr.ir. D.N. Reinhoudt, Prof.dr. J. Schoonman, Dr. B.A. Boukamp. ISBN: 90-365-17907 Hebbink, G.A. Luminescent materials based on lanthanide ions. Basic properties and application in NIR-LEDs and optical amplifiers. (2002, augustus 29). 163 pp. Enschede Thesis advisor(s): Prof.dr.ir. D.N. Reinhoudt, Dr.ir. F.C.J.M. van Veggel. ISBN: 9036517869 Klunder, D.J.W. Photon Physics in Integrated Optics Microresonator. (2002, oktober 4). 136 pp. Enschede University Press Thesis advisor(s): Prof.dr. T.J.A. Popma, Dr. H.J.W.M. Hoekstra. ISBN: 90-365-1802-4 Meyer, W.V. Volume and Interface Studies of Complex Liquid Media. (2002, december 13). 127 pp. Amsterdam Universiteit van Amsterdam Thesis advisor(s): Prof.dr. A. Lagendijk, Dr. G.H. Wegdam.

Middel, O. Cavitand and calixarene modules for capsules and water-soluble receptors. (2002, januari 11). 198 pp. Enschede Thesis advisor(s): Prof.dr.ir. D.N. Reinhoudt, Dr. W. Verboom. ISBN: 90-365-1684-6 Peter, M. Engineering of Surfaces with Organometallic Poly(ferrocenylsilanes). (2002, maart 15). 161 pp. Thesis advisor(s): Prof.dr. G.J. Vancso, Dr. M.A. Hempenius. ISBN: 90 365 1715 x Reeuwijk, S.J. van Deformations in Crystals Induced by External Electric Fields. (2002, november 21). 133 pp. Enschede Twente University Press Thesis advisor(s): Prof. H. Rogalla, Dr. ir. H. Graafsma. ISBN: 9036518253 Rensen, W.H.J. Tuning fork tunes: exploring new scanning probe techniques. (2002, mei 17). 117 pp. Thesis advisor(s): Prof.dr. N.F. van Hulst. ISBN: 90-365-1753-2 Roeloffzen, C.G.H. Passband flattened binarytree structured add-drop multiplexers using SION waveguide technology. (2002, september 25). 142 pp. Enschede University Press Thesis advisor(s): Prof.dr. T.J.A. Popma, Dr.ir. R.M. de Ridder. ISBN: 90-365-1803-2 Schulte-Ladbeck, R.J. Trace analysis of peroxide-based explosives and related compounds. (2002, december 19). 129 pp. Enschede Twente University Press Thesis advisor(s): Prof.dr. U. Karst, Prof.dr. J. Feijen. ISBN: 9036518512 Segeren, L.H.G.J. Microparticle Adhesion in Xerography. A Combined Atomic Force Microscopy and Inverse Gas Chromatography Approach. (2002, juni 21). 198 pp. Enschede Twente University Press Thesis advisor(s): Prof.dr. G.J. Vancso, Dr. J.W.A. van den Berg. ISBN: 90 365 177 29 Visser, T.P.P. Modelling and Analysis of Long Josephson Junctions. (2002, juni 7). 103 pp. Enschede TUP Thesis advisor(s): Prof.dr.ir. E.W.C. van Groesen, Dr. S.A. van Gils. ISBN: 9036517591 Wensink, H. Fabrication of microstructures by powder blasting. (2002, februari 22). 144 pp. Enschede Thesis advisor(s): Prof.dr. M.C. Elwenspoek. ISBN: 90-365-1698-6

PUBLICATIONS

ACADEMIC PUBLICATIONS JOURNAL ARTICLES (REFEREED)

Alkhairalla, B. , Boden, N., Cheadle, E., Evans, S.D., Henderson, J.R., Fukushima, H., Miyashita, S., Schönherr, H., Vancso, G.J., Colorado, R., Graupe, M., Shmakova, O.E., Lee, T.R. Functional Group Transfer from Gold Nanoparticles to Flat Gold surfaces for the Creation of Molecular Anchoring Points on Surfaces. Advanced materials nr: 10, 14, (2002). (pp. 722-726) ISSN: 0935-9648 Amemiya, N. , Rabbers, J.J., Krooshoop, H.J.G., Haken, B. ten, Kate, H.H.J. ten, Ayai, N., Hayashi, H. Longitudinal magnetization loss in twisted multifilamentary B12223 tape. Physica C Part III, (2002). (pp. 1723-1726) ISSN: 0921-4534 Auletta, T. , Veggel, F.C.J.M. van, Reinhoudt, D.N. Self-assembled monolayers on gold of ferrocene-terminated thiols and hydroxyalkanethiols. Langmuir 18, (2002). (pp. 1288-1293) ISSN: 0743-7463 Axel castelli, V. van , Cort, A.D., Mandolini, L., Pinto, V., Reinhoudt, D.N., Ribaudo, F., Sanna, C., Schiaffino, L., Snellink-Ruel, B.H.M. Molecular recognition of carbonyl compounds by uranyl-salophen based neutral receptors driven by Van der Waals forces. Supramolecular chemistry 14, (2002). (pp. 211219) ISSN: 1061-0278 Bals, S. , Tendeloo, G. van, Rijnders, A.J.H.M., Blank, D.H.A., Leca, V., Salluzzo, M. Optimisation of superconducting thin films by TEM. Physica C nr: Part 2, 372-376, (2002). (pp. 711-714) ISSN: 0921-4534 Bauer, G.E.W. , Schep, K.M., Xia, K., Kelly, P.J. Scattering theory of interface resistance in magnetic multilayers. Journal of physics D: applied physics 35, (2002). (pp. 2410-2414) ISSN: 0022-3727 Bechger, L. , Koenderink, A.F., Vos, W.L. Emission spectra and lifetimes of R6G dye on silica-coated titania powder. Langmuir 18, (2002). (pp. 2444-2447) ISSN: 0743-7463 Beek, R.C.H. van de , Klumperink, E.A.M., Vaucher, C.S., Nauta, B. Low Jitter Clock Multiplication: a Comparioson between PLLs and DLLs. IEEE transactions on circuits and systems II: analog and digital signal processing ISSN: 1057-7130 Beekmans, L.G.M. , Meer, D.W. van der, Vancso, G.J. Crystal Melting and its Kinetics on Poly(ethylene oxide) by In Situ Atomic Force Microscopy. Polymer 43, (2002). (pp. 1887-1895) ISSN: 0032-3861

Beekmans, L.G.M. , Vallée, R.A.L., Vancso, G.J. Nucleation and Growth of Poly(εcaprolactone) on Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) by In-Situ AFM. Macromolecules nr: 25, 35, (2002). (pp. 9383-9390) ISSN: 0024-9297 Benes, N.E. , Bouwmeester, H.J.M., Verweij, H. Multi-component lattice gas diffusion. Chemical engineering science 57, (2002). (pp. 2673-2678) ISSN: 0009-2509 Berenschot, J.W. , Tas, N.R., Lammerink, T.S.J., Elwenspoek, M.C., Berg, A. van den Advanced sacrificial poly-Si technology for fluidic sytems. Journal of micromechanics and microengineering nr: 12, (2002). (pp. 621-624) ISSN: 0960-1317 Besselink, G.A.J. , Engelenburg, F.A.C. van, Korsten, H.G., Blokker, D.E., Lagerberg, J.W.M., Brand, A., Korte, D. de, Verhoeven, A.J. The band III ligand dipyridamole protects human RCBs during photodynamic treatment while extracellular virus inactivation is not affected. Transfusion 42, (2002). (pp. 728-733) ISSN: 0041-1132 Blom, M.T. , Chmela, E., Gardeniers, J.G.E., Tijssen, R.P, Elwenspoek, M.C., Berg, A. van den Design and fabrication of a hydrodynamic chromatography chip. Sensors and actuators nr: 82, (2002). (pp. 111-116) ISSN: 0250-6874 Boer, M.J. de , Gardeniers, J.G.E., Jansen, H.V., Gilde, M.J., Roelofs, G., Sasserath, J.N., Elwenspoek, M.C. Guidelines for etching silicon MEMS structures using fluorine highdensity plasmas at cryogenic temperatures. Journal of microelectromechanical systems nr: 4, 11, (2002). (pp. 385-401) ISSN: 1057-7157 Bos, M. , Boukamp, B.A., Vrielink, J.A.M. Determination of diffusion profiles of silver ions in soda-lime-silica glass by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Analytica chimica acta 459, (2002). (pp. 305-311) ISSN: 0003-2670 Bos, A.G. van den , Heskamp, I.R., Siekman, M.H., Abelmann, L., Lodder, J.C. The force microscopy Canti-Clever: A Dedicated Probe for Magnetic Force Microscopy. IEEE transactions on magnetics nr: 5, 38, (2002). (pp. 2441-2443) ISSN: 0018-9464 Bostan, C.G. , Ridder, R.M. de Design of photonic crystal slab structures with absolute gaps in guided modes. Journal of optoelectronics and advanced materials 4, (2002). (pp. 921-928) ISSN: 1454-4164 (Editor(s)) Bouwman, P.J. , Boukamp, B.A., Bouwmeester, H.J.M., Notten, P.H.L. Influence of diffusion plane orientation on electrochemical properties of thin film LiCoO2 electrodes. Journal of the Electrochemical Society nr: 6, 149, (2002). (pp. A699-A709) ISSN: 0013-4651

Bouwman, P.J. , Boukamp, B.A., Bouwmeester, H.J.M., Notten, P.H.L. Structure related intercalation behaviour of LiCoO2 films. Solid state ionics 152-153, (2002). (pp. 181-188) ISSN: 0167-2738 Boxman, E.W. , Nijhuis, A., Kate, H.H.J. ten Alternating magnetic field losses in ATLAS type aluminium stabilised NbTi superconductors. Advances in cryogenic engineering 48, (2002). (pp. 906-913) ISSN: 0065-2482 Boxman, E.W. , Dudarev, A.V., Kate, H.H.J. ten The Normal Zone Propagation in ATLAS B00 Model Coil. IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity nr: 1, 12, (2002). (pp. 15491552) ISSN: 1051-8223 Brake, H.J.M. ter , Wiegerinck, G.F.M. Lowpower cryocooler survey. Physica C 42, (2002). (pp. 705-718) ISSN: 0921-4534 Brammertz, G. , Golubov, A., Verhoeve, P., Hartog, R. den, Peacock, A., Rogalla, H. Critical temperature of superconducting bilayers: THeory and experiment. Applied physics letters 80, (2002). (pp. 2955-2957) ISSN: 0003-6951 Brink, J.G.J. van den Orbiton-phonon coupling in the localized limit. Physica B 312-313, (2002). (pp. 743-744) ISSN: 0921-4526 Brinkman, A. , Golubov, A., Rogalla, H., Dolgov, O.V., Kortus, J., Kong, Y., Jepsen, O., Andersen, O.K. Multiband model for tunneling in MgB2 junctions. Physical review B Condensed matter 65, (2002). (pp. 180517/1180517/4) ISSN: 0163-1829 Brivio, M. , Fokkens, R.H., Verboom, W., Reinhoudt, D.N. Integrated microfluidic system enabling (bio)chemical reactions with on-line MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Analytical chemistry 74, (2002). (pp. 3972-3976) ISSN: 0003-2700 Broekmann, P. , Mewe, A.A., Wormeester, H., Poelsema, B. Step edge selection during ion erosion of Cu(001). Physical review letters nr: 14, 89, (2002). (pp. 146102) ISSN: 0031-9007 Burger, J.F. , Brake, H.J.M. ter, Rogalla, H., Linder, M. Vibration-free 5 K sorption cooler for ESA's Darwin mission. Cryogenics 42, (2002). (pp. 97-108) ISSN: 0011-2275 Caciuffo, R. , Paolasini, L., Sollier, A., Ghigna, P., Pavarini, E., Brink, J.G.J. van den, Altarelli, M. Resonant x-ray scattering study of magnetic and orbital order in KCuF3. Physical review B Condensed matter 65, (2002). (pp. 174425/1-174425/9) ISSN: 0163-1829 Cheng, J.Y. , Ross, C.A., Thomas, E.L., Smith, H.I., Lammertink, R.G.H., Vancso, G.J. Magnetic Properties of Large-Area Particle Arrays Fabricated Using Block Copolymer Lithography. IEEE transactions on magnetics nr: 5, 38, (2002). (pp. 2541-2543) ISSN: 0018-

PUBLICATIONS

9464 Cheng, J.Y. , Ross, C.A., Thomas, E.L., Smith, H.I., Vancso, G.J. Fabrication of Nanostructures with Long-Range Order Using Block Copolymer Lithography. Applied physics letters nr: 19, 81, (2002). (pp. 3657-3659) ISSN: 0003-6951 Chesca, B. , Schulz, R.R., Goetz, B., Schneider, C.W., Hilgenkamp, J.W.M., Mannhart, J. d-wave induced zero-field resonances in de pi-superconducting quantum interference devices. Physical review letters 88, (2002). (pp. 177003/1-177003/4) ISSN: 00319007 Chmela, E. , Tijssen, R.P, Blom, M.T., Gardeniers, J.G.E., Berg, A. van den A chip sustem for size separation of macromolecules and particles by hydrodynamic chromatography. Analytical chemistry nr: 4, (2002). (pp. 3470-3475) ISSN: 0003-2700 Chmela, E. , Blom, M.T., Berg, A. van den, Tijssen, R.P A pressure driven injection system for an ultra flat chromatograpic microchannel. Lab on a chip nr: 4, 2, (2002). (pp. 235-241) ISSN: 1473-0197 Ciszek, M. , Knoopers, H.G., Rabbers, J.J., Haken, B. ten, Kate, H.H.J. ten Angular dependence of the dynamic resistance and its relation to the AC transport current loss in Bi2223/Ag tape superconductors. Superconductor science and technology 15, (2002). (pp. 1275-1280) ISSN: 0953-2048 Collings, E.W. , Sumption, M.D., Scanlan, R.M., Nijhuis, A. External stabilisation of Nb3Sn Rutherford cables. Advances in cryogenic engineering 48, (2002). (pp. 11531160) ISSN: 0065-2482 Corbellini, F. , Fiammengo, R., Timmerman, P., Crego calama, M., Versluis, K., Heck, A.J.R., Luyten, I., Reinhoudt, D.N. Guest encapsulation and self-assembly of molecular capsules in polar solvents via multiple ionic interactions. Journal of the American Chemical Society 124, (2002). (pp. 6569-6575) ISSN: 0002-7863 Craus, C.B. , Chezan, A.R., Siekman, M.H., Lodder, J.C., Boerma, D.O., Niesen, L. Stripe domains in Fe-Zr-N nanocrystalline films. Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials 240, (2002). (pp. 423-426) ISSN: 0304-8853 Crego calama, M. , Reinhoudt, D.N. Synthesis beyond the molecule. Science 295, (2002). (pp. 2403-2407) ISSN: 0036-8075 Ctyroky, J. , Helftert, S., Pregla, R., Bienstman, P., Baets, R., Ridder, R.M. de, Stoffer, R., Klaasse, G., Petracek, J., Lalanne, P., Hugonin, J.P., De La Rue, R.M. Bragg waveguide grating as a 1ID photonic bandgap structure: COST 268 modelling task. Optical and quantum electronics 34, (2002). (pp. 455-

470) ISSN: 0306-8919 Dahmoune, C. , Lounis, S., Talanana, M., Benakki, M., Bouarab, S., Demangeat, C. Ab initio study of the magnetic configurations on the (001) surfaces of binary FePd and FeRh ordered alloys. Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials 240, (2002). (pp. 368-370) ISSN: 0304-8853 Dam, T.V.A. , Olthuis, W., Bergveld, P. Electroactive gate materials for a hydrogen peroxide sensitive E-MOSFET. IEEE sensors journal nr: 1, 2, (2002). (pp. 26-33) ISSN: 1530437X Delruelle, N. , Dudarev, A.V., Haug, F., Mayri, C., Orlic, J.-P., Passardi, G., Pirotte, O., Kate, H.H.J. ten First Cryogenic Testing of the ATLAS Superconducting Prototype Magnets. IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity nr: 1, 12, (2002). (pp. 1336-1338) ISSN: 1051-8223 Diehl, J.G.R. , Karst, U. On-line electrochemistry/ms and related techniques. Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry 373, (2002). (pp. 390-398) ISSN: 1618-2642 Diehl, J.G.R. , Karst, U. Fast liquid chromatography/electrochemistry/mass spectrometry of ferrocenecarboxylic acid esters. Journal of chromatography A 974, (2002). (pp. 103-109) ISSN: 0021-9673 Dijksma, M. , Boukamp, B.A., Kamp, B, Bennekom, W.P. Effect of hexacyanoferrate (II/III) on self-assembled monolayers of thioctic acid and 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid on gold. Langmuir nr: 8, 18, (2002). (pp. 31053112) ISSN: 0743-7463 Doeswijk, L.M. , Moor, H.C., Rogalla, H., Blank, D.H.A. Exploring the deposition of oxides on silicon for photovoltaic cells by pulsed laser deposition. Applied surface science 186, (2002). (pp. 453-457) ISSN: 01694332 Dudarev, A.V. , Kate, H.H.J. ten, Boxman, E.W., Keilin, V.E., Kopeikin, N., Kovalev, I.A., Kuljamzin, A.N., Romanovskii, V.R., Shcherbakov, V.I., Shugaev, I., Stepanov, V.V. 20.5 kA Current Leads for ATLAS Barrel Toroid Superconducting Magnets. IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity nr: 1, 12, (2002). (pp. 1289-1292) ISSN: 1051-8223 Dulkeith, E. , Morteani, A.C., Niedereichholz, T., Klar, T.A., Feldman, J., Levi, S., Veggel, F.C.J.M. van, Reinhoudt, D.N. Fluorescence quenching of dye molecules near gold nanoparticles: radiative and nonradiative effects. Physical review letters 89, (2002). (pp. 203002-1-203002-4) ISSN: 0031-9007 Eck, H.J.N. van , Vargas, L., Haken, B. ten, Kate, H.H.J. ten Bending and axial strain dependence of the critical current in superconducting BSCCO tapes. Superconductor science and technology 15,

(2002). (pp. 1213-1215) ISSN: 0953-2048 Eitouni, H.B. , Balsara, N.P., Hahn, H., Pople, J.A., Hempenius, M.A. Thermodynamic Interactions in Organometallic Block Copolymers: Poly(styrene-blockferrocenyldimethylsilane). Macromolecules 35, (2002). (pp. 7765-7772) ISSN: 0024-9297 Erve, O.M.J. van 't , Vlutters, R., Kumar, P.S.A., Kim, S.D., Postma, F.M., Jansen, R., Lodder, J.C. Transfer ratio of the spin-valve transistor. Applied physics letters nr: 20, 80, (2002). (pp. 3787-3789) ISSN: 0003-6951 Fernandes, A.M. , Correia, A.J.F., Fokkens, R.H., Nibbering, N.M.M. Evidence for the formation of acyclic ions from the radical cations and cyclic ions from the protonated molecules of 多,多-diamines upon loss of ammonia. International journal of mass spectrometry 217, (2002). (pp. 55-63) ISSN: 1387-3806 Fiammengo, R. , Timmerman, P., Huskens, J., Versluis, K., Heck, A.J.R., Reinhoudt, D.N. Non-covalent synthesis of calix[4]arenecapped porphyrins in polar solvents via ionic interactions. Tetrahedron 58, (2002). (pp. 757764) ISSN: 0040-4020 Fiammengo, R. , Bruinink, C.M., Crego calama, M., Reinhoudt, D.N. Noncovalent secondary interactions in Co(II)salen complexes: O2 binding and catalytic activity in cyclohexene oxygenation. Journal of organic chemistry 67, (2002). (pp. 8552-8557) ISSN: 0022-3263 Fominov, I.V. , Chtchelkatchev, N.M., Golubov, A. Nonmonotonic critical temperature in superconductor ferromagnet bilayers. Physical review B Condensed matter 66, (2002). (pp. 014507/1-014507/13) ISSN: 01631829 Foussat, A. , Dolgetta, N., Acerbi, E., Alessandria, F, Berthier, R., Broggi, F., Dael, A., Dudarev, A.V., Mayri, C., Miele, P., Reytier, M., Rossi, L., Sorbi, M., Sun, Z., Kate, H.H.J. ten, Vanenkov, I., Volpini, G. Mechanical Behavior of the ATLAS B0 Model Coil. IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity nr: 1, 12, (2002). (pp. 376-380) ISSN: 1051-8223 Friggeri, A. , Gronwald, O., Bommel, K.J.C., Shinkai, S., Reinhoudt, D.N. Charge-transfer phenomena in novel, dual-component, sugarbased organogels. Journal of the American Chemical Society 124, (2002). (pp. 10754-10758) ISSN: 0002-7863 Galisteo Lopez, J.F. , Vos, W.L. Angle resolved reflectivity of single-domain photonic crystals, effects of disorder. Physical review E (Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics) 66, (2002). (pp. 036616-1-036616-5) ISSN: 1063-651X

PUBLICATIONS

Garcia parajo, M.F. , Koopman, M., Dijk, E.M.H.P. van, Subramaniam, V., Hulst, N.F. van Single molecule studies of the red autofluorescent protein DsRed. Biophysical journal nr: 1, 82, (2002). (pp. 234-234) ISSN: 0006-3495 Gelderen, P. van , Bobbert, P.A., Kelly, P.J., Brocks, G.H.L.A., Tolboom, R. Parameter-free calculation of single-particle electronic excitations in YH3. Physical review B Condensed matter 66, (2002). (pp. 075104/1075104/13) ISSN: 0163-1829 Gielens, F.C. , Hien, T.D., Rijn, C.J.M. van, Vorstman, M.A.G., Keurentjes, J.T.F. High flux palladium silver alloy membranes fabricated by microsystem technology. Desalination 147, (2002). (pp. 417-423) ISSN: 0011-9164 Gierkink, S.L.J. , Tuijl, A.J.M. van A Coupled Sawtooth Oscillator Combining Low Jitter With High Control Linearity. IEEE journal of solidstate circuits nr: 6, 37, (pp. 702-710) ISSN: 0018-9200 Godeke, A. , Haken, B. ten, Kate, H.H.J. ten The deviatoric strain description of the critical properties of Nb3Sn conductors. Physica C Part II, (2002). (pp. 1295-1298) ISSN: 0921-4534 Godeke, A. , Haken, B. ten, Kate, H.H.J. ten Toward an Accurate Scaling Relation for the Critical CUrrent in Niobium-Tin Conductors. IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity nr: 1, 12, (2002). (pp. 10291032) ISSN: 1051-8223 Godeke, A. , Shevchenko, O.A., Rabbers, J.J., Haken, B. ten, Spoorenberg, C.J.G., Klein schiphorst, P., Damstra, G.C., Kate, H.H.J. ten Performance test results of a low-loss 1MVA BSCCO resonator coil system. Physica C Part III, (2002). (pp. 1719-1722) ISSN: 0921-4534 Golo-Tosic, N. , Wal, S. van der, Kuper, F.G., Mouthaan, A.J. Estimation of the impact of electrostatic discharge on density of states in hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin-film transistors. Applied physics letters nr: 18, 80, (2002). (pp. 3337-3339) ISSN: 0003-6951 Golubov, A. , Kupriyanov, M..Y., Fominov, I.V. Critical current in SFIFS junctions. JETP letters 75, (2002). (pp. 190-194) ISSN: 0021-3640 Golubov, A. , Kupriyanov, M..Y., Fominov, I.V. Nonsinusiodal current-phase relation in SFS Josephson junctions. JETP letters 75, (2002). (pp. 588-592) ISSN: 0021-3640 Golubov, A. , Kortus, J., Dolgov, O.V., Jepsen, O., Kong, Y., Andersen, O.K., Gibson, B.J., Ahn, K., Kremer, R.K. Specific heat of MgB2 in a one- and two-band model from firstprincipels calculations. Journal of physics. Condensed matter 14, (2002). (pp. 1353-1360) ISSN: 0953-8984

Golubov, A. , Brinkman, A., Dolgov, O.V., Kortus, J., Jepsen, O. Multiband model for penetration depth in MgB2. Physical review B Condensed matter 66, (2002). (pp. 054524/1054524/4) ISSN: 0163-1829 Gomez Rivas, J. , Lagendijk, A., Tjerkstra, R.W., Vanmaekelbergh, D., Kelly, J.J. Tunable photonic strenght in porous GaP. Applied physics letters nr: 24, 80, (2002). (pp. 4498-4500) ISSN: 0003-6951 Gomez-lor, B. , Koper, C., Fokkens, R.H., Vlietstra, E.J., Cleij, T.J., Jenneskens, L.W., Nibbering, N.M.M., Echavarren, A.M. Zipping up `the crushed fullerene多 C60H30: C60 by fifteen-fold, consecutive intramolecular H2 losses. Chemical communications (2002). (pp. 370-371) ISSN: 1359-7345 Groesen, E.W.C. van , Cahyono, E., Suryanto, A. Uni-directional models for narrow and broad pulse propagation in second order nonlinear media. Optical and quantum electronics nr: 5, 34, (2002). (pp. 577-595) ISSN: 0306-8919 Haar, L.M. van der , Otter, M.W. den, Morskate, M.R., Bouwmeester, H.J.M., Verweij, H. Chemical diffusion and oxygen surface transfer of La1-xSrxCoO3-d studied with electrical conductivity relaxation. Journal of the Electrochemical Society nr: 3, 149, (2002). (pp. 141-146) ISSN: 0013-4651 Hammer, M. Resonant coupling of dielectric optical waveguides via rectangular microcavities: The coupled guided mode perspective. Optics communications nr: 1-6, 214, (2002). (pp. 155-170) ISSN: 0030-4018 Hammer, M. , Groesen, E.W.C. van Total multimode reflection at facets of planar high contrast optical waveguides. Journal of lightwave technology nr: 8, 20, (2002). (pp. 1549-1555) ISSN: 0733-8724 Harms, D. , Luftmann, H., M端ller, F.K., Krebs, B., Karst, U. Selective determination of hydrogen peroxide by adduct formation with a dinuclear iron(III) complex and flow injection analysis / tandem mass spectrometry. Analyst 127, (2002). (pp. 1410-1412) ISSN: 0003-2654 Haverkamp, M. , Bottura, L., Benedico, E., Sanfilippo, S., Haken, B. ten, Kate, H.H.J. ten Field Decay and Snapback Measurements Using a Fast Hall Plate Detector. IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity nr: 1, 12, (2002). (pp. 86-89) ISSN: 1051-8223 Hayen, H. , Jachmann, N., Vogel, M., Karst, U. Lc/electron capture apci-ms for the determination of nitroaromatic compounds. Analyst 127, (2002). (pp. 1027-1030) ISSN: 00032654

Heijman, M.J.G.W. , Benes, N.E., Elshof, J.E. ten, Verweij, H. Quantitative analysis of the microstructural homogeneity of zirconiatoughened alumina composites. Materials research bulletin 37, (2002). (pp. 141-149) ISSN: 0025-5408 Hempenius, M.A. , Peter, M., Robins, N.S., Kooij, Stefan, Vancso, G.J. Water-Soluble Poly(ferrocenylsilanes) for Supramolecular Assemblies by Layer-by-Layer Deposition. Langmuir 18, (2002). (pp. 7629-7634) ISSN: 0743-7463 Hempenius, M.A. , Vancso, G.J. Synthesis of a Polyanionic Water Soluble Poly(ferrocenylsilane). Macromolecules 35, (2002). (pp. 2445-2447) ISSN: 0024-9297 Hendriks, M.G.H.M. , Elshof, J.E. ten, Bouwmeester, H.J.M., Verweij, H. The defect structure of the double layer in yttriastabilised zirconia. Solid state ionics 154-155, (2002). (pp. 467-472) ISSN: 0167-2738 Hendriks, M.G.H.M. , Heijman, M.J.G.W., Elshof, J.E. ten, Zyl, W.E. van, Verweij, H. Quantitative analysis of microstructural homogeneity and capacitance correlations in palladium/yttria-stabilised zirconia composites. Journal of the American Ceramic Society nr: 8, 85, (2002). (pp. 2097-2101) ISSN: 0002-7820 Hendriks, M.G.H.M. , Elshof, J.E. ten, Bouwmeester, H.J.M., Verweij, H. The electrochemical double-layer capacitance of yttria-stabilized zirconia. Solid state ionics nr: 3-4, 146, (2002). (pp. 211-217) ISSN: 0167-2738 Hendriks, M.G.H.M. , Boukamp, B.A., Elshof, J.E. ten, Zyl, W.E. van, Verweij, H. The electrical behaviour of platinum impregnated porous YSZ. Solid state ionics nr: 1-2, 146, (2002). (pp. 123-132) ISSN: 0167-2738 Hilgenkamp, J.W.M. , Mannhart, J. Grain boundaries in high temperature superconductors. Reviews of modern physics 74, (2002). (pp. 485-549) ISSN: 0034-6861 Horst, J.W. van der , Bobbert, P.A., Pasveer, W.F., Michels, M.A.J., Brocks, G.H.L.A., Kelly, P.J. Excitons in conjugated polymers from first principles. Computer physics communications 147, (2002). (pp. 331-334) ISSN: 0010-4655 Hozoi, A. , Groenland, J.P.J., Albertini, J.B., Lodder, J.C. Novel Profiling Model and Side Effects of Helical Scan Silicon Heads. IEEE transactions on magnetics nr: 5, 38, (2002). (pp. 1916-1918) ISSN: 0018-9464 Huskens, J. , Deij, M.A., Reinhoudt, D.N. Attachment of molecules at a molecular printboard by multiple host-guest interactions. Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in English (2002). (pp. 4467-4471) ISSN: 0570-0833

PUBLICATIONS

Ilyin, Y.U. , Nijhuis, A., Kate, H.H.J. ten, Bruzzone, P. Self Field Measurements by Hall Sensors on the SeCRETS Long Sample CICCs in SULTAN. IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity nr: 1, 12, (2002). (pp. 16671674) ISSN: 1051-8223 Ish-i Tsutomu, T.I. , Crego calama, M., Timmerman, P., Reinhoudt, D.N., Shinkai, S. Enantioselective formation of a dynamic hydrogen-bonded assembly based on the chiral memory concept. Journal of the American Chemical Society 124, (2002). (pp. 14631-14641) ISSN: 0002-7863 Ish-i Tsutomu, T.I. , Crego calama, M., Timmerman, P., Reinhoudt, D.N., Shinkai, S. Self-assembled receptors for enantioselective recognition of chiral carboxylic acids in a highly cooperative manner. Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in English 41, (2002). (pp. 1924-1929) ISSN: 0570-0833 Jansen, R. Comment on Efficient electrical spin injection from a magnetic metal/tunnel barrier contact into a semiconductor. Applied physics letters nr: 11, 81, (2002). (pp. 2130-2130) ISSN: 0003-6951 Johnson, P.M. , Bret, B.P.J., Gomez Rivas, J., Kelly, J.J., Lagendijk, A. Anisotropic Diffusion of Light in a Strongly Scattering Material. Physical review letters 89, (2002). (pp. 2439011-243901-4) ISSN: 0031-9007 Johnson, P.M. , Koenderink, A.F., Vos, W.L. Ultrafast switching of photonic density of states in photonic crystals. Physical review B Condensed matter 66, (2002). (pp. 081102-1081102-4) ISSN: 0163-1829 Jong, M.R. de , Berthault, P., Hoek, A. van, Visser, A.J.W.G., Huskens, J., Reinhoudt, D.N. Complexation and sensing behavior of dansylappended cyclodextrins and cyclodextrin dimers with bile salts. Supramolecular chemistry 14, (2002). (pp. 143-151) ISSN: 10610278 Jong, M.R. de , Knegtel, R.M.A., Grootenhuis, P.D.J., Huskens, J., Reinhoudt, D.N. A method to identify and screen libraries of guests that complex to a synthetic host. Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in English 41, (2002). (pp. 1004-1008) ISSN: 0570-0833 Joseph, A.A. , Weusthof, M.H.H., Kerkhoff, H.G. Application of DfT techniques to a 20 GHz superconductor delta ADC. Microelectronics journal nr: 10 October, 33, (2002). (pp. 791-798) ISSN: 0026-2692 Karst, U. Detection techniques for liquid chromatography. Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry 372, (2002). (pp. 27-28) ISSN: 16182642

Kempter, C , Berkhoudt, T.W., Greve Tolbol, C., Egmose, K.N., Karst, U. Air monitoring of aldehydes by use on hydrazine reagents with a triazine backbone. Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry 372, (2002). (pp. 639643) ISSN: 1618-2642 Kerkhof, D.H. van de , Ooijen, R.D. van, Boer, D. de, Fokkens, R.H., Nibbering, N.M.M., Zwikker, J.W., Thijssen, J.H.H., Maes, R.A.A. Artifact formation due to ethyl thioincorporation into silylated steroid structures as determined in doping analysis. Journal of chromatography A 954, (2002). (pp. 199-206) ISSN: 0021-9673 Kim, P.L. , Lodder, J.C. Thickness dependence of structural, magnetic properties and reversal mechanism of Co-Cr-Ta/Cr longitudinal recording media. Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials 242-245, (2002). (pp. 395397) ISSN: 0304-8853 Kim, P.L. , Lodder, J.C. Iterative Method for Intrinsic Viscosity Measurements on Perpendicular Recording Media. IEEE transactions on magnetics nr: 5, 38, (2002). (pp. 2003-2005) ISSN: 0018-9464 Kim, P.L. , Thuy, N.P, LeMinh, P., Manh, D.H. Narrow-range angle sensor based on wiggles in angular dependence of pseudo-Hall effect. Sensors and actuators A (Physical) 97-98, (2002). (pp. 308-317) ISSN: 0924-4247 Kim, S.D. , Erve, O.M.J. van 't, Vlutters, R., Jansen, R., Lodder, J.C. Size Dependence of the Magnetic and Electrical Properties of the Spin-Valve Transistor. IEEE transactions on electron devices nr: 5, 49, (2002). (pp. 847-851) ISSN: 0018-9383 Klink, S.I. , Hofstraat, H.W., Veggel, F.C.J.M. van Transition metal complexes as a new class of photosensitizers for near-infrared lanthanide luminescence. Synthetic metals 127, (2002). (pp. 213-216) ISSN: 0379-6779 Klink, S.I. , Hebbink, G.A., Alink, P.G.B.O., Veggel, F.C.J.M. van, Werts, M.H.V. Synergistic complexation of Eu3+ by a polydentate ligand and a bidentate antenna to obtain ternary complexes with high luminescence quantum yields. Journal of physical chemistry A 106, (2002). (pp. 36813689) ISSN: 1089-5639 Klumperink, E.A.M. , Bruccoleri, F., Nauta, B. Finding All Elementary Circuit Exploiting Transconductance. IEEE transactions on circuits and systems II: analog and digital signal processing nr: 11, 48, (2001). (pp. 10391053) ISSN: 1057-7130 Klunder, D.J.W. , Balistreri, M.L.M., Blom, F.C., Hoekstra, H.J.W.M., Driessen, A., Kuipers, L., Hulst, N.F. van Detailed analysis of the intracavity phenomena inside a cylindrical

microresonator. Journal of lightwave technology nr: 3, 20, (2002). (pp. 519-529) ISSN: 0733-8724 Knoopers, H.G. , Rabbers, J.J., Haken, B. ten, Kate, H.H.J. ten Magnetisation loss in twisted multifilament Bi-2223 tape conductors. Physica C Part III, (2002). (pp. 1784-1787) ISSN: 09214534 Kobayashi, H. , Friggeri, A., Koumoto, K., Amaike, M., Shinkai, S., Reinhoudt, D.N. Molecular design of 多super多 hydrogelators: understanding the gelation process of azobenzene-based sugar derivatives in water. Organic letters 4, (2002). (pp. 1423-1426) ISSN: 1523-7060 Koenderink, A.F. , Bechger, L., Schriemer, H.P., Lagendijk, A., Vos, W.L. Broadband Fivefold reduction of vacuum fluctuations probed by dyes in photonic crystals. Physical review letters 88, (2002). (pp. 143903-1-1439034) ISSN: 0031-9007 Koenderink, A.F. , Johnson, P.M., Galisteo Lopez, J.F., Vos, W.L. Three dimensional photonic crystals as a cage for light. Comptes rendus physique 3, (2002). (pp. 65-77) ISSN: 1631-0705 Kooij, E.S. , Wormeester, H., Brouwer, E.A.M., Vroonhoven, E. van, Silfhout, A. van, Poelsema, B. Optical characterization of thin colloidal gold films by spectroscopic ellipsometry. Langmuir nr: 11, 18, (2002). (pp. 4401-4413) ISSN: 0743-7463 Kooij, E.S. , Brouwer, E.A.M., Wormeester, H., Poelsema, B. Ionic strength mediated selforganization of gold nanocrystals: An AFM study. Langmuir nr: 20, 18, (2002). (pp. 76777682) ISSN: 0743-7463 Kooij, E.S. , Rector, J., Nagengast, D.G., Kerssemakers, J.W.J., Dam, B., Griessen, R., Remhof, A., Zabel, H. Growth and hydrogenation of epitaxial yttrium switchable mirrors on CaF2. Thin solid films 402, (2002). (pp. 131-142) ISSN: 0040-6090 Koster, T.M. , Lambeck, P.V. An integrated optical platform for absorptive sensing of chemical concentrations using chemo-optical monolayers. Measurement science and technology 13, (2002). (pp. 1230-1238) ISSN: 0957-0233 Kovac, P. , Husek, I., Kopera, L., Meer, O. van der, Metz, A., Haken, B. ten, Kvitkovic, J., Polak, P. Transversal and longitudinal current distribution in Bi-2223/Ag tapes with high filament aspect ratio. Physica C Part II, (2002). (pp. 916-918) ISSN: 0921-4534

PUBLICATIONS

Krioukov, E. , Klunder, D.J.W., Driessen, A., Greve, J., Otto, C. Sensor based on an integrated optical microcavity. Optics letters nr: 7, 27, (2002). (pp. 512-514) ISSN: 0146-9592 Krioukov, E. , Klunder, D.J.W., Driessen, A., Greve, J., Otto, C. Integrated optical microcavities for enhanced evanescent-wave spectroscopy. Optics letters nr: 17, 27, (2002). (pp. 1504-1506) ISSN: 0146-9592 Krompiewski, S. , Zwierzycki, M.P. Conductance of atomic-scale metallic contacts with controllable interface hopping integrals. Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials 240, (2002). (pp. 209-211) ISSN: 03048853 Kuiper, S. , Brink, R., Nijdam, W., Krijnen, G.J.M., Elwenspoek, M.C. Ceramic microsieves: influence of perforation shape and distribution on flow resistance and membrane strength. Journal of membrane science 196, (2002). (pp. 149-157) ISSN: 03767388 Kuiper, S. , Rijn, C.J.M. van, Nijdam, W., Raspe, O.J.A., Wolferen, H.A.G.M. van, Krijnen, G.J.M., Elwenspoek, M.C. Filtration of lager beer with microsieves: flux, permeate, haze and in-line microscope observations. Journal of membrane science 196, (2002). (pp. 159-170) ISSN: 0376-7388 Laan, D.C. van der , Eck, H.J.N. van, Schwartz, J., Haken, B. ten, Kate, H.H.J. ten Interpretation of the critical current in BiSrCaCuO tape conductors as parallel weaklink and strong-link paths. Physica C Part II, (2002). (pp. 1024-1027) ISSN: 0921-4534 Laan, D.C. van der , Eck, H.J.N. van, Davidson, M., Haken, B. ten, Kate, H.H.J. ten, Schwartz, J. Magneto-optical imgaing study of the crack formation in superconducting tapes caused by applied strain. Physica C Part II, (2002). (pp. 1020-1023) ISSN: 0921-4534 LeClair, P.R. , Kohlhepp, J.T., Vin, C.H. van de, Wieldraaijer, H., Swagten, H.J., Jonge, W.J.M. de, Davis, A.H., MacLaren, J.M., Moodera, J.S., Jansen, R. Band Structure and Density of States Effects in Co-Based Magnetic Tunnel Junctions. Physical review letters nr: 10, 88, (2002). (pp. 107201-1-1072014) ISSN: 0031-9007 Leeuwen, F.W.B. van , Beijleveld, H., Kooijman, H., Spek, A.L., Verboom, W., Reinhoudt, D.N. Cation control on the synthesis of p-t-butylthiacalix[4]-(bis)crown ethers. Tetrahedron letters (2002). (pp. 96759678) ISSN: 0040-4039 Levi, S. , Mourran, A., Spatz, J.P., Veggel, F.C.J.M. van, Reinhoudt, D.N., Moller, M. Fluorescence of dyes adsorbed on highly organized nanostructured gold surfaces.

Chemistry: a European journal 8, (2002). (pp. 3808-3814) ISSN: 0947-6539 Liebau, M. , Janssen, H.M., Inoue, K., Shinkai, S., Huskens, J., Sijbesma, R.P., Meijer, E.W., Reinhoudt, D.N. Preparation of dendritic multisulfides and their assembly on air/water interfaces and gold surfaces. Langmuir 18, (2002). (pp. 674-682) ISSN: 07437463 Linden, H.J. van der , Herber, S., Olthuis, W., Bergveld, P. Development of stimulussensitive hydrogels suitable for actuators and sensors in microanalytical devices. Sensors and materials nr: 3, 14, (2002). (pp. 129-139) ISSN: 0914-4935 Lint, W.B.S. de , Benes, N.E., Higler, A.P., Verweij, H. Derivation of adsorption parameters for nanofiltration membranes using a 1-pK Basic Stern model. Desalination 145, (2002). (pp. 87-95) ISSN: 0011-9164 Lint, W.B.S. de , Biesheuvel, P.M., Verweij, H. Application of the charge regulation model to transport of ions through hydrophilic membranes: one-dimensional transport model for narrow pores (nanofiltration). Journal of colloid and interface science 251, (2002). (pp. 131-142) ISSN: 0021-9797 Lisfi, A. , Lodder, J.C. Magnetic domains in epitaxial BaFe12O19 thin films with perpendicular anisotropy. Journal of physics. Condensed matter 14, (2002). (pp. 12339-12352) ISSN: 0953-8984 Lisfi, A. , Lodder, J.C. Relation between the microstructure and magnetic properties of BaFe12O19 thin films grown on various substrates. Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials 242-245, (2002). (pp. 391394) ISSN: 0304-8853 Lisfi, A. , Lodder, J.C., Wormeester, H., Poelsema, B. Reorientation of magnetic anisotropy in obliquely sputtered metallic thin films. Physical review B Condensed matter 66, (2002). (pp. 174420-1-174420-5) ISSN: 0163-1829 Lisfi, A. , Lodder, J.C. Microstructural and magnetic properties of metallic thin films obliquely sputtered on polymer. Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials 242-245, (2002). (pp. 370-373) ISSN: 0304-8853 Lisowski, W.F. , Keim, E.G., Smithers, M.A. TEM and SEM studies of microstructural transformations of thin iron films during annealing. Applied surface science nr: 189, (2002). (pp. 148-156) ISSN: 0169-4332 Lohmeyer, M. Mode expansion modeling of rectangular integrated optical microresonators. Optical and quantum electronics nr: 5, 34, (2002). (pp. 541-557) ISSN: 0306-8919

Makida, Y. , Doi, Y., Haruyama, T., Kate, H.H.J. ten, Kawai, M., Kobayashi, T., Kondo, T., Mitzumaki, S., Olesen, G., Sbrissa, E., Yamamoto, A., Yamaoka, H. Quench Protection and Safety of the ATLAS Central Solenoid. IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity nr: 1, 12, (2002). (pp. 407-410) ISSN: 1051-8223 Manen, H.W.J. van , Auletta, T., Dordi, B., Schรถnherr, H., Vancso, G.J., Veggel, F.C.J.M. van, Reinhoudt, D.N. Non-covalent chemistry on surface-confined, isolated dendrimers. Advanced functional materials 12, (2002). (pp. 811-818) ISSN: 1616-301X Manen, H.W.J. van , Fokkens, R.H., Veggel, F.C.J.M. van, Reinhoudt, D.N. Noncovalent synthesis of water-soluble SCS PdII pincer assemblies. European journal of organic chemistry (2002). (pp. 3189-3197) ISSN: 1434193X Marx, S. , Gryp, P. van der, Neomagus, H.W.J.P., Everson, R., Keizer, K. Pervaporation separation of methanol from methanol/tertamyl methyl ether mixtures with a commercial membrane. Journal of membrane science 209, (2002). (pp. 353-362) ISSN: 0376-7388 Matsumoto, A , Kitaguchi, H, Metz, A., Haken, B. ten, Hasegawa, T, Koizumi, T, Hiroaki, H., Kumakura, K., Togano, K Local Jc and Microstructures of Multilayer Bi-2212 COmposite Tape. IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity nr: 1, 12, (2002). (pp. 11511154) ISSN: 1051-8223 Mazin, I.I. , Andersen, O.K., Jepsen, O., Dolgov, O.V., Kortus, J., Golubov, A., Kuz'menko, A.B., Marel, D. van der Superconductivity in MgB2: Clean or Dirty?. Physical review letters 89, (2002). (pp. 107002/1-107002/4) ISSN: 0031-9007 Meer, D.W. van der , Pukanszky, B., Vancso, G.J. On the Dependence of Impact Behavior on the Crystalline Morpholgy in Polypropylenes. Journal of macromolecular science. Physics nr: 4-6, B41, (2002). (pp. 11051119) ISSN: 0022-2348 Michels, J.J. , Huskens, J., Reinhoudt, D.N. Dendrimer-cyclodextrin assemblies as stabilizers for gold and platinum nanoparticles. Journal of the Chemical Society. Perkin transactions II (2002). (pp. 102-105) ISSN: 03009580 Michels, J.J. , Huskens, J., Reinhoudt, D.N. Non-covalent binding of sensitizers for lanthanide(III) luminescence in an EDTA-bis(bcyclodextrin) ligand. Journal of the American Chemical Society 124, (2002). (pp. 2056-2064) ISSN: 0002-7863

PUBLICATIONS

Middel, O. , Verboom, W., Reinhoudt, D.N. Water-soluble cavitands - synthesis, solubilities and binding properties. Journal of organic chemistry 67, (2002). (pp. 2587-2597) ISSN: 0022-3263 Middel, M.T. , Zandvliet, H.J.W., Poelsema, B. Surface stress anisotropy of Ge(001). Physical review letters nr: 19, 88, (2002). (pp. 196105) ISSN: 0031-9007 Miele, P. , Acerbi, E., Berthier, R., Boxman, E.W., Broggi, F., Cataneo, F., Dael, A., Dolgetta, N., Dudarev, A.V., Foussat, A., Haug, F., Kate, H.H.J. ten, Mayri, C., Paccalini, A., Rivoltella, G., Rossi, L., Sbrissa, E., Tyrvainen, H., Volpini, G. ATLAS B0 Toroid Model Coil T est at CERN. IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity nr: 1, 12, (2002). (pp. 411-415) ISSN: 1051-8223 Mijatovic, D. , Brinkman, A., Rijnders, A.J.H.M., Hilgenkamp, J.W.M., Rogalla, H., Blank, D.H.A. Superconducting thin films of MgB2 by pulsed-laser deposition. Physica C 372, (2002). (pp. 1258-1261) ISSN: 0921-4534 Mijatovic, D. , Brinkman, A., Oomen, I., Rijnders, A.J.H.M., Hilgenkamp, J.W.M., Rogalla, H., Blank, D.H.A. Magnesiumdiboride ramp-type Josephson junctions. Applied physics letters 80, (2002). (pp. 21412143) ISSN: 0003-6951 Mijatovic, D. , Rijnders, A.J.H.M., Hilgenkamp, J.W.M., Blank, D.H.A., Rogalla, H. Growth studies of Ba(1-x)K(x)BiO3-delta thin films by pulsed-laser deposition. Physica C 372, (2002). (pp. 596-599) ISSN: 0921-4534 Mints, R.G. , Papiashvili, I., Kirtley, J.R., Hilgenkamp, J.W.M., Hammerl, G., Mannhart, J. Observation of splintered Josephson vortices at grain boundaries in YBa2Cu3O7-d. Physical review letters 89, (2002). (pp. 067004/1-067004/4) ISSN: 0031-9007 Mitzumaki, S. , Makida, Y., Kobayashi, T., Yamaoka, H., Kondo, Y., Kawai, M., Doi, Y., Haruyama, T., Mine, S., Takano, H., Yamamoto, A., Kondo, T., Kate, H.H.J. ten Fabrication and Mechanical Performance of the ATLAS Central Solenoid. IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity nr: 1, 12, (2002). (pp. 416-419) ISSN: 1051-8223 Moret, M.P. , Devillers, M.A.C., WĂśrhoff, K, Larsen, P.K. Optical properties of PbTiO3, PbZrxTi1-xO3, and PbZrO3 films deposited by metalorganic chemical vapor on SrTiO3. Journal of applied physics nr: 1, 92, (2002). (pp. 468-474) ISSN: 0021-8979 Mulder, A. , Jukovic, A., Lucas, L.N., Esch, J. van, Feringa, B.L., Huskens, J., Reinhoudt, D.N. A dithienylethene-tethered Ă&#x;cyclodextrin dimer as a photoswitchable host. Chemical communications (2002). (pp. 27342735) ISSN: 1359-7345

Neef, C. , Gils, S.A. van, Ijzerman, W.L. Analogy between teperature-dependent and concentration -dependent bacterial killing. Computers in biology and medicine 31, (2002). (pp. 529-549) ISSN: 0010-4825 Nguyen, L.T. , Lisfi, A., Lodder, J.C. The effects of metallic underlayers on magnetic properties of obliquely sputtered Co thin films. Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials 242-245, (2002). (pp. 374-377) ISSN: 0304-8853 Nguyen, H. van , Salm, C., Vroemen, J., Voets, J., Krabbenborg, B.H., Bisschop, J., Mouthaan, A.J., Kuper, F.G. Fast temperature cycling and electromigration induced thin film cracking multilevel interconnection: experiments and modelling. Microelectronics reliability 42, (2002). (pp. 1415-1420) ISSN: 0026-2714 Nigge, U. , Wiemhofer, H.D., Bouwmeester, H.J.M., Schulte, Th., Romer, E.W.J. Composites of Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9 and Gd0.7Ca0.3Co)3-d as oxygen permeable membranes for exhaust gas sensors. Solid state ionics 146, (2002). (pp. 163-174) ISSN: 0167-2738 Nijhuis, A. , Knoopers, H.G., Ilyin, Y.U., Godeke, A., Haken, B. ten, Kate, H.H.J. ten Effect of self-field and current non-uniformity on the voltage-temperature characteristic of the ITER central solenoid insert coil by numerical calculations. Cryogenics 42, (2002). (pp. 469-483) ISSN: 0011-2275 Nijhuis, A. , Ilyin, Y.U., Kate, H.H.J. ten Analysis of the Current Distribution in the ITER CS-Insert Model Coil Conductor by Self Field Measurements. IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity nr: 1, 12, (2002). (pp. 16751679) ISSN: 1051-8223 Paraschiv, V. , Crego calama, M., Ish-i Tsutomu, T.I., Padberg, C.J., Timmerman, P., Reinhoudt, D.N. Molecular "chaperones" guide the spontaneous formation of a 15-component hydrogen-bonded assembly. Journal of the American Chemical Society 124, (2002). (pp. 7638-7639) ISSN: 0002-7863 Paraschiv, V. , Zapotoczny, S.J., Jong, M.R. de, Vancso, G.J., Huskens, J., Reinhoudt, D.N. Functional group transfer from gold nanoparticles to flat gold surfaces for the creation of molecular anchoring points on surfaces. Advanced materials 14, (2002). (pp. 722-726) ISSN: 0935-9648 Pepe, G.P. , Peluso, G., Scaldaferri, R., Barone, A., Parlato, L., Latempa, R., Golubov, A. Josephson nonequilibrium phenomena under current injection in superconducting three-terminal stacked devices. Physical review B Condensed matter 66, (2002). (pp. 174509/1-174509/6) ISSN: 0163-1829

Phillips, G.N. , Eisenberg, M., Draaisma, A.E., Abelmann, L., Lodder, J.C. Performance of Focused Ion Beam Trimmed Yoke-Type Magnetoresistive Heads for Magnetic Microscopy. IEEE transactions on magnetics nr: 5, 38, (2002). (pp. 3528-3535) ISSN: 00189464 Phillips, G.N. , Siekman, M.H., Abelmann, L., Lodder, J.C. High resolution magnetic force microscopy using focused ion beam modified tips. Applied physics letters nr: 5, 81, (2002). (pp. 865-867) ISSN: 0003-6951 Phillips, G.N. , O'grady, K., El-Hilo, M. An investigation of time-dependent domain wall pinning effects in Tb/Fe multilayer thin films. Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials 248, (2002). (pp. 418-422) ISSN: 0304-8853 Prins, L.J. , Verhage, J.J., Jong, F. de, Timmerman, P., Reinhoudt, D.N. Enantioselective noncovalent synthesis of hydrogen-bonded double-rosette assemblies. Chemistry: a European journal 8, (2002). (pp. 2302-2313) ISSN: 0947-6539 Prins, L.J. , Hulst, A.J.R.L., Timmerman, P., Reinhoudt, D.N. Diastereoselective noncovalent synthesis of hydrogen-bonded double-rosette assemblies. Chemistry: a European journal 8, (2002). (pp. 2288-2301) ISSN: 0947-6539 Prins, L.J. , Neuteboom, E.E., Paraschiv, V., Crego calama, M., Timmerman, P., Reinhoudt, D.N. Kinetic stabilities of double, tetra- and hexarosette hydrogen-bonded assemblies. Journal of organic chemistry 67, (2002). (pp. 4808-4820) ISSN: 0022-3263 Rabbers, J.J. , Haken, B. ten, Shevchenko, O.A., Kate, H.H.J. ten Total AC loss of BSCCO/Ag tapes in power applications, an engineering approach to describe the AC loss in tapes and coils. Physica C Part III, (2002). (pp. 1781-1783) ISSN: 0921-4534 Rabbers, J.J. , Meer, O. van der, Haken, B. ten, Kate, H.H.J. ten Magnetisation loss of BSCCO/Ag superconducting tape exposed to applied field with arbitrary angle. Cryogenics 42, (2002). (pp. 771-778) ISSN: 0011-2275 Raming, T.P. , Winnubst, A.J.A., Kats, C.M. van, Philipse, A.P. The synthesis and magnetic properties of nanosized hematite (aFe2O3) particles. Journal of colloid and interface science 249, (2002). (pp. 346-350) ISSN: 0021-9797

PUBLICATIONS

Raming, T.P. , Winnubst, A.J.A., Verweij, H. The synthesis and characterization of mixed Y2O3-doped ZrO2 and ¿-Fe2O3 nanosized powders. Journal of materials chemistry 12, (2002). (pp. 3705-3711) ISSN: 0959-9428 Remhof, A. , Kerssemakers, J.W.J., Molen, S.J. van der, Griessen, R., Kooij, E.S. Hysteresis in YHx films observed with in situ measurements. Physical review B Condensed matter nr: 5, 65, (pp. 131-142) ISSN: 0163-1829 Roy Chowdhury, S. , Elshof, J.E. ten, Benes, N.E., Keizer, K. Comparative study of different nanofiltration membranes for highly charged large ion recovery. Desalination 144, (2002). (pp. 41-46) ISSN: 0011-9164 San Segundo Bello, D. , Campbell, R., Dinapoli, R., Llopart, X, Pernigotti, E. Medipix2: a 64-k Pixel readout Chip with 55-um Square Elements Working in Single Photon Counting Mode. IEEE transactions on nuclear science 49, (2002). (pp. 2279-2283) ISSN: 00189499 Schmitz, J. RF capacitance-voltage characterization of MOSFETs with highleakage dielectrics. IEEE electron device letters (2002). ISSN: 0741-3106 Schmuhl, R. , Elshof, J.E. ten, Keizer, K., Berg, A. van den Tuneable ion-selective inorganic membranes. Desalination 146, (2002). (pp. 2933) ISSN: 0011-9164 Schönherr, H. , Wiyatno, W., Pople, J.A., Frank, C.W., Fuller, G.G., Gast, A.P., Waymouth, R.M. Morphology of Thermoplastic Elastomers: Stereoblock Polypropylene. Macromolecules 35, (2002). (pp. 2654-2666) ISSN: 0024-9297 Schönherr, H. , Paraschiv, V., Zapotoczny, S.J., Crego calama, M., Timmerman, P., Frank, C.W., Vancso, G.J., Reinhoudt, D.N. Unraveling the Nanostructure of Supramolecular Assemblies of HydrogenBonded Rosettes on Graphite: An Atomic Force Microscopy Study. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America nr: 8, 99, (2002). (pp. 50245027) ISSN: 0027-8424 Schönherr, H. , Bailey, L.E., Frank, C.W. Analyzing the Surface Temperature Depression in Hot Stage AFM: Application to the Crystallization of Poly(ethylene oxide)". Langmuir 18, (2002). (pp. 490-498) ISSN: 07437463 Schönherr, H. , Manickam, M., Kumar, S. Surface Morphology and Molecular Ordering in Thin Films of Polymerizable Triphenylene Discotic Liquid Crystals on Graphite by AFM. Langmuir 18, (2002). (pp. 7082-7085) ISSN: 0743-7463 Schulte-Ladbeck, R.J. , Kolla, P., Karst, U. A field test for the detection of peroxide-based

explosives. Analyst 127, (2002). (pp. 1152-1154) ISSN: 0003-2654 Segeren, L.H.G.J. , Wouters, M.E.L., Bos, M., Berg, J.W.A. van den, Vancso, G.J. Surface Energy Characteristics of Toner Particles by Automated Inverse Gas Chromatography. Journal of chromatography A 969, (2002). (pp. 215-227) ISSN: 0021-9673 Segeren, L.H.G.J. , Siebum, B., Karssenberg, F.G., Berg, J.W.A. van den, Vancso, G.J. Microparticle Adhesion Studies by Atomic Force Microscopy. Journal of adhesion science and technology nr: 7, 16, (2002). (pp. 793-828) ISSN: 0169-4243 Sekulic, J. , Luiten, M.W.J., Elshof, J.E. ten, Benes, N.E., Keizer, K. Inorganic membranes for pervaporation technology. Desalination 148, (2002). (pp. 19-23) ISSN: 0011-9164 Setten, E. van , Gur, T.M., Blank, D.H.A., Bravman, J.C., Beasley, M. Miniature Nernstian oxygen sensor for deposition and growth environments. Review of scientific instruments nr: 1, 73, (2002). (pp. 156-161) ISSN: 0034-6748 Sindhu, S. , Haast, M.A.M., Ramstöck, K., Abelmann, L., Lodder, J.C. Micromagnetic simulations of the domain structure and the magnetization reversal of Co 50 Ni 50/PT multilayer dots. Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials 238, (2002). (pp. 246-251) ISSN: 0304-8853 Slooff, L.H. , Blaaderen, A. van, Polman, A., Hebbink, G.A., Klink, S.I., Veggel, F.C.J.M. van, Reinhoudt, D.N. Rare-earth doped polymers for planar optical amplifiers. Journal of applied physics 91, (2002). (pp. 3955-3980) ISSN: 0021-8979 Smilde, H.J.H. , Hilgenkamp, J.W.M., Rijnders, A.J.H.M., Rogalla, H., Blank, D.H.A. Enhanced transparency ramp-type Josephson contacts through interlayer deposition. Applied physics letters 80, (2002). (pp. 45794581) ISSN: 0003-6951 Smilde, H.J.H. , Ariando, A., Blank, D.H.A., Gerritsma, G.J., Hilgenkamp, J.W.M., Rogalla, H. d-Wave-Induced Josephson current counterflow in YBa2Cu3O7/Nb Zigzag Junctions. Physical review letters nr: 5, 88, (2002). (pp. 057004-1-057004-4) ISSN: 0031-9007 Soest, G. van , Poelwijk, F.J., Lagendijk, A. Speckle experiments in random lasers. Physical review E (Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics) 65, (2002). (pp. 046603-1-046603-5) ISSN: 1063-651X

Soest, G. van , Poelwijk, F.J., Lagendijk, A. Beta factor in a random laser. Physical review E (Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics) 65, (2002). (pp. 047601-1-047601-4) ISSN: 1063-651X Sowariraj, M.S.B. , Smedes, T., Salm, C., Mouthaan, A.J., Kuper, F.G. The influence of thecnology variation on ggNMOST and SCRs against CDM ESD stress. Microelectronics reliability 42, (2002). (pp. 1287-1292) ISSN: 0026-2714 Steenkamp, G.C. , Keizer, K., Neomagus, H.W.J.P., Krieg, H.M. Copper(II) removal from polluted water with alumina/chitosan composite membranes. Journal of membrane science 197, (2002). (pp. 147-156) ISSN: 03767388 Stouwdam, J.W. , Veggel, F.C.J.M. van Nearinfrared emission of redispersible Er3+, Nd3+, and Ho3+ doped LaF3 nanoparticles. Nano letters 2, (2002). (pp. 733-737) ISSN: 1530-6984 Suryanto, A. , Groesen, E.W.C. van Break up of bound-N-spatial-soliton in a ramp waveguide. Optical and quantum electronics nr: 5, 34, (2002). (pp. 597-606) ISSN: 0306-8919 Sychogov, I.V.A. , Nurligareev, D.K., Svettikov, V.V., Salakhutdinov, I.F., Zvonkov, B.N., Baidus, N.V., Nekorkin, S.V., Hoekstra, H.J.W.M. Tunable Wide-aperture semiconductor laser with an external waveguide grating mirror. Laser physics nr: 4, 12, (2002). (pp. 691-696) ISSN: 1054-660X Tas, N.R. , sonneberg, T., Molenaar, R., Elwenspoek, M.C. Design, fabrication and testing of laterally driven electrostatic motors employing walking motion and mechanical leverage. Journal of micromechanics and microengineering nr: 13, (2002). (pp. N6-N15) ISSN: 0960-1317 Tas, N.R. , Berenschot, J.W., Lammerink, T.S.J., Elwenspoek, M.C., Berg, A. van den Nanofluidic bubble pump using surface tension directed gas injection. Analytical chemistry 74, (2002). (pp. 2224-2228) ISSN: 0003-2700 Tiggelaar, R.M. , Veenstra, T.T., Sanders, R.G.P., Gardeniers, J.G.E., Elwenspoek, M.C., Berg, A. van den A light detection cell to be used in a micro analysis system for ammonia. Talanta nr: 2, 56, (2002). (pp. 331-339) ISSN: 0039-9140 Timmer, B.H. , Sparreboom, W., Olthuis, W., Bergveld, P., Berg, A. van den Optimization of an electrolyte conductivity detector for measuring low ion concentrations. Lab on a chip 2, (2002). (pp. 121-124) ISSN: 1473-0197

PUBLICATIONS

Tjerkstra, R.W. , Gomez Rivas, J., Vanmaekelbergh, D., Kelly, J.J. Porous GaP multilayers formed by electrochemical etching. Electrochemical and solid-state letters nr: 5, 5, (2002). (pp. G32-G35) ISSN: 1099-0062 Tocha, E. , Janik, H., Debowski, M.A., Vancso, G.J. Morphology of Polyurethanes Revisited by Complementary AFM and TEM. Journal of macromolecular science. Physics nr: 4-6, B41, (2002). (pp. 1291-1304) ISSN: 0022-2348 Trociewitz, U.P. , Eck, H.J.N. van, Laan, D.C. van der, Thompson, S.H., Mbaruku, A., Weijers, H.W., Schwartz, J. HTS conductor characterization at 27 K. Physica C Part II, (2002). (pp. 974-976) ISSN: 0921-4534 Unen, D.J. van , Engbersen, J.F.J., Reinhoudt, D.N. Why do crown ethers activate enzymes in organic solvents?. Biotechnology and bioengineering 77, (2002). (pp. 248-255) ISSN: 0006-3592 Uranus, H.P. , Hoekstra, H.J.W.M., Groesen, E.W.C. van Analysis of integrated optical waveguides. Journal of the Indonesian Mathematical Society 8, (2002). (pp. 49-62) ISSN: 0854-1380 Veenendaal, E. van , Nijdam, A.J., Suchtelen, J. van Simulation of crystal shape evoluation in two dimensions. Journal of crystal growth nr: 235, (2002). (pp. 603-618) ISSN: 0022-0248 Veenstra, T.T. , Sharma, R., Forster, F.K., Gardeniers, J.G.E., Elwenspoek, M.C., Berg, A. van den The design of an in-plane compliance structure for microfluidical systems. Sensors and actuators 81, (2002). (pp. 377-383) ISSN: 0250-6874 Vlutters, R. , Erve, O.M.J. van 't, Jansen, R., Kim, S.D., Lodder, J.C., Vedyayev, A., Dieny, B. Modeling of spin dependent hotelectron transport in the spin-valve transistor. Physical review B Condensed matter 65, (2002). (pp. 024416-1-024416-11) ISSN: 0163-1829 Vlutters, R. , Erve, O.M.J. van 't, Kim, S.D., Jansen, R., Lodder, J.C. Interface, Volume, and Thermal Attenuation of Hot Electron Spins in Ni80Fe20 and Co. Physical review letters nr: 2, 88, (2002). (pp. 027202-1027202-4) ISSN: 0031-9007 Vogel, M. , Karst, U. 4-Nitro-7-piperazinobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole as a reagent for monitoring of airborne isocyanates by liquid chromatography. Analytical chemistry 74, (2002). (pp. 6418-6426) ISSN: 0003-2700

Vos, H. , Mouthaan, A.J., Olthuis, W., Gommer, E.M. Competentieontwikkeling met een reflectieve portfolio: Een feedbacken beoordelingsmethode. Onderzoek van onderwijs nr: 4, 31, (2002). (pp. 57-60) ISSN: 0920-0665 Vugt, L.K. van , Driel, A.F. van, Tjerkstra, R.W., Bechger, L., Vos, W.L., Vanmaekelbergh, D., Kelly, J.J. Macroporous germanium by electrochemical deposition. Chemical communications (2002). (pp. 2054-2055) ISSN: 1359-7345 Weijers, H.W. , Schwartz, J., Haken, B. ten Bi-based HTS insert coils at high stress levels. Physica C Part III, (2002). (pp. 13641367) ISSN: 0921-4534 Wensink, H. , Elwenspoek, M.C. Reduction of sidewall inclination and blast lag of powder blasted channels. Sensors and actuators nr: 1-2, 102, (2002). (pp. 157-164) ISSN: 0250-6874 Wensink, H. , Elwenspoek, M.C. A closer look at the ductile brittle transition in solid particle erosion. Wear nr: 9-10, 253, (2002). (pp. 1035-1043) ISSN: 0043-1648 Wensink, H. , Schlautmann, S., Goedbloed, M.H., Elwenspoek, M.C. Fine tuning the roughness of powder blasted surfaces. Journal of micromechanics and microengineering 12, (2002). (pp. 616-620) ISSN: 0960-1317 Worhoff, K. , Hilderink, L.T.H., Driessen, A., Lambeck, P.V. Silicon oxynitride: a versatile material for integrated optics application. Journal of the Electrochemical Society nr: 8, 149, (2002). (pp. 85-91) ISSN: 0013-4651 Wubs, C.M. , Lagendijk, A. Local optical density of states in finite crystals of plane scatterers. Physical review E (Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics) 65, (2002). (pp. 046612-1-046612-12) ISSN: 1063-651X Xia, K. , Kelly, P.J., Bauer, G.E.W., Brataas, A., Turek, I. Spin torques in ferromagnetic/normal-metal structures. Physical review B Condensed matter 65, (2002). (pp. 220401/1-220401/4) ISSN: 01631829 Xia, K. , Kelly, P.J., Bauer, G.E.W., Turek, I. Spin-dependent transparency of ferromagnet/superconductor interfaces. Physical review letters nr: 16, 89, (2002). (pp. 166603/1-166603/4) ISSN: 0031-9007

Ymeti, A. , Kanger, J.S., Wijn, R.R., Lambeck, P.V., Greve, J. Development of a multichannel integrated interferometer immunosensor. Sensors and actuators B (Chemical) 83, (2002). (pp. 1-7) ISSN: 09254005 Zapotoczny, S.J. , Auletta, T., Jong, M.R. de, Schรถnherr, H., Huskens, J., Veggel, F.C.J.M. van, Reinhoudt, D.N., Vancso, G.J. Chain Length and Concentration Dependence of ร -Cyclodextrin-Ferrocene Host-Guest Complex Rupture Forces Porbed by Dynamic Force Microscopy. Langmuir 18, (2002). (pp. 6988-6994) ISSN: 0743-7463 Zivkovic, V. , Tangelder, R.J.W.T., Kerkhoff, H.G. An Implementation for Test-Time Reduction in VLIW Transport-Triggered Architectures. Journal of electronic testing nr: 2, 18, (2002). (pp. 203-212) ISSN: 09238174 Zoethout, E. , Hoogenhof, P.W. van de, Zandvliet, H.J.W., Poelsema, B. Antiphase boundary network: A route to extract the island nucleation density. Journal of applied physics nr: 10, 92, (2002). (pp. 57855787) ISSN: 0021-8979 Zyl, W.E. van , Garcia curiel, M.M. de la luz, Schrauwen, B.A.G., Kooi, B.J., Hosson, J.Th.M. de, Verweij, H. Hybrid Polyamide/silica nanocomposites: synthesis and mechanical testing. Macromolecular materials and engineering 287, (2002). (pp. 106-110) ISSN: 1438-7492 Zyl, W.E. van , Winnubst, A.J.A., Raming, T.P., Schmuhl, R., Verweij, H. Synthesis and characterisation of dual-phase Y-TZP and RuO2 nanopowders: dense electrode precursors.. Journal of materials chemistry 12, (2002). (pp. 708-713) ISSN: 0959-9428

PUBLICATIONS

BOOKS Vaucher, C.S. Architectures for RF synthesisers. (2002). 250 pp. Boston Kluwer Academic Publishers ISBN: 1402071205

BOOKCHAPTERS Bergveld, P. , Sprenkels, A.J. Historical overview of various concepts for in vivo chemical analysis; from catheter-tip sensors to microdialysis lab-on-a-chip, Chapter 2. (2002). 126 pp. Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany Springer-Verlag ISBN: 3-540-43699-5 Lodder, J.C. Magneto-optic Multilayers. (2002). (pp. 5050-5061) Elsevier Science Ltd ISBN: 008-0431526 Nauta, B. Voorwoord in "Architectures for RF synthesizers". (2002). 250 pp. Kluwer Academic Publishers ISBN: 1402071205 Segeren, L.H.G.J. , Karssenberg, F.G., Pickering, J.P., Berg, J.W.A. van den, Vancso, G.J. Adhesion Measurements by AFM and Surface Energy Characteristics by ICG of Xerographic Toner Particles Under Different Mechanical and Environmental Conditions. (2002). (pp. 189-197) Utrecht / Boston VSP ISBN: 90-6764-372-6

PATENTS

Altpeter, D.M. , Berenschot, J.W., Boer, M.J. de, Yeshurun, Y., Hefetz, M. Micro needles formed by lithography. (2002, oktober 13). Annema, A.J. Level Converter provided with slew-rate controlling means. (2002, april 30). Beek, R.C.H. van de , Klumperink, E.A.M., Nauta, B., Vaucher, C.S. A very fast Duty Cycle independent Phase Detector with low reference breakthrough. Berger, J. , Waldner, A., Reinhoudt, D.N., Barnard, S.M. Covalently immobilized fluoroionophores as optical ion sensors. (2002, juli 9). Bergveld, P. , Bohm, S., Olthuis, W. Microdialysis-probe integrated with Si-chip. (2002, oktober 8). Bergveld, P. , Bohm, S., Olthuis, W. Microdialysis-probe integrated with Si-chip. (2002, januari 15). Mulder, J. , Thus, F.J.M., Labbe, E.C. Current distribution circuit having an additional parallel DC-current sinking branch. (2001, februari 6). Mulder, J. , Thus, F.J.M., Labbe, E.C. Power supply circuit, Telecomunication device and method for multiple DC slope power management. (2001, april 3).

Nauta, B. , Beek, R.C.H. van de, Vaucher, C.S. Reducing Generated Clock Jitter by Increasing the PLL Comparison Frequency above the PFD Maximum. Schasfoort, R.B.M. , Engbers, G.H.M. Drager voor gebruik bij het bepalen van deeltjes in een monster en werkwijze voor de vervaardiging van zo een drager, en werkwijze voor het bepalen van deeltjes in een monster. (2002, januari 31). Schasfoort, R.B.M. , Engbers, G.H.M. Inrichting en werkwijze voor het bepalen van deeltjes in een vloeibaar monster. (2002, maart 16). Schinkel, D. Pulse-Width modulating noiseshapers. Timmerman, P. , Antonisse, M.M.G., Reinhoudt, D.N., Snellink-Ruel, B.H.M. Anioncomplexing compound, method of preparing the same, an ion-selective membrane and a sensor provided with such a compound or membrane. (2002, oktober 22). Timmerman, P. , Antonisse, M.M.G., Reinhoudt, D.N., Snellink-Ruel, B.H.M. Anioncomplexing compound, method of preparing the same, an ion-selective membrane and a sensor provided with such a compound or membrane. (2002, oktober 22). Westra, J.R. , Annema, A.J., Boom, J.M. van de, Dijkmans, E.C. Digital-to-Analog Converter. (2002, april 4). Westra, J.R. , Annema, A.J. Digital-to-Analog Converter. (2002, april 4). Widdershoven, F.P. , Annema, A.J. Circuit for providing a constant current. (2002, februari 7). Widdershoven, F.P. , Annema, A.J. Circuit for providing a constant current. (2002, januari 17). Worhoff, K. Polarisatie-onafhankelijke lichtgeleidende kanaalstructuur. (2002, februari 12). Yeshurun, Y. , Hefetz, M., Boer, M.J. de, Berenschot, J.W., Gardeniers, J.G.E. Microneedle structure and production method therefor. (2002, maart 7).

ABOUT MESA+

MESA+ Governing Board, Scientific Advisory Board and Management in 2002

MESA+ Governing Board Ir. J.J.M. Mulderink Dr. A.J. Nijman Prof. dr. ir. J.H.A. de Smit, Prof.dr. J. Feijen Ir. C.M. Vermeulen Prof. dr. H. Wallinga, Prof.dr. W.H.M Zijm Ir. M. Westermann

Chairman of the Foundation for Development of Sustainable Chemistry Director Research Strategy & Business Development Philips NatLab, Eindhoven Dean Faculty of Applied Physics and Faculty of Chemical Engineering Managing director of Constant Venture B.V., Amsterdam Dean Faculty of Electrical Engineering Managing director of Twinning, Amsterdam

MESA+ Scientific Advisory Board Dr. J.G. Bednorz Prof. H. Fujita Prof. M. Möller Dr. H. Rohrer Prof. F. Stoddart Prof. E. Thomas Prof. E. Vittoz Prof. G. Whitesides

IBM Zürich Research Laboratory, Switzerland University of Tokyo, Japan University of Ulm, Germany IBM Zürich Research Laboratory, Switzerland University of California, Los Angeles Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), USA Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology (CSEM), Switzerland Harvard University, USA

MESA+ Management Prof. dr. ir. D.N. Reinhoudt Dr. C.J.M. Eijkel

Scientific Director Technical-Commercial Director

ABOUT MESA+

How to reach MESA+

The MESA+ Institute is located on the campus of the University of Twente in Enschede, in the eastern region of the Netherlands, right on the border with Germany. Directions to MESA+ By car: Take the A35 direction Enschede exit Enschede-West and follow signposts to UNIVERSITEIT. By train / by bus: You can reach the university from the railway stations at Hengelo, Enschede and Drienerlo. There is a bus in the direction of the university about every half an hour. For more information on public transport, please call the campus: 00 31 (0) 53 489 9111. By Internet: www.mesaplus.utwente.nl

MESA+ P.O.Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands Tel. + 31 53 4892715 Fax + 31 53 4892575 E-mail: info@mesaplus.utwente.nl Internet: www.mesaplus.utwente.nl