Geotechnical
Projects
& Applications
Waterfront
Structures
.:. Allows economical modification
to
marine terminals .:- Allows increased dockside draft .:- Reduces lateral thrust/bending
moments
.:- Allows free drainage and control of
Port of Albany Marine Tenninal Expansion .:. Albany, New York Engineer: Childs Engineering, Inc., Medfield; Mass.
in-place density
Modifications to the Port Albany Marine T erminal reclaimed an areaof approximately 1500' x 80' in an unstable slope areaand provided increaseddockside draft to permit serviceby large oil tankers. L W A backfill minimized lateral earth pressures,while also reducing overburden pressureson the sensitivesilts. Transportation, placement and compaction of the L W A soil fill was readily accomplished in a minimum time frame and without logistic difficulties. Peak delivery rateswere 1300 tons, approximately 55 truck. loads per day.
Landscape
& Plaza Fills
.:. Minimizes dead loads .> Free draining helps minimize hydrostatic potential -:. More planters and levels can be added .:. Easy to transport and install
Retaining Wall Backfill .:. ProvidenceRhodeIsland Engineer: C.E. Maguire Engineers,Mansfield, Mass. This project involved the construction of a retaining wall behind the Rhode Island State House at the Providence River. The weight of the entire project, including the wall, the backfill, and a future roadway at the top of the wall, was quite significant. With the area's
Bulkheads
soft clay strata, there were engineering concerns that too much weight might force the
.:- Reduces soil thrust as well as
& Retaining
Walls
bending moments
existing bulkhead toward the river. The use of approximately 3,500 cubic yards ofLWA fill reduced the total project weight so dramatically that the probability of deep seated
Reduces forces against abutment and end slope .:. Allows free drainage
bulkhead failure was virtually eliminated.
Improves embankment stability
Structure
Repair
& Rehabilitation
.> Reduces dead load on existing structures Easy transportation and installation increase productivity
Barney A/lis Plaza .:. KansasCity, Missouri Architect/Engineer:Marshall & Brown Inco'1'orated
.:. Precise gradations allow for a uniform and controlled in-place density
6000 cubic yards of LW A (expandedshale)was used as loose granular fill on top of an existing underground parking garage. The material provided subsurfacedrainage, weight reduction and long term stability. In addition, the LW A material establishedthe grade and contour for a plaza areawhich was built on top of the parking structure. The L W A material was graded ASTM C330 3/4" x No.4.
Landf1/1 Drainage.> Inert; high chemical stability -:. Reduces deadloads on pipes .:. Allows free drainage of leachate/water .:. Acid insoluable
Calgary Pipeline .:. Calgary, Canada Engineers:City of Calgary/ Pildysh & AssociatesConsultants,Ltd Watermains must be installed below the level of frost penetration. In Calgary this requires deep,wide trenches. Such trenches are expensiveand often dangerous to workers. The insulating properties ofLWA fill allowed engineersto reduce trench depth from 3.3 meters to 2.1 meters. This provided saferworking conditions and reliable freezeprotection with an environmentally "friendly" material. LW A backfill will also afford easierwinter excavationfor pipe repair, reduce disruption of water supply and street traffic by decreasing construction time, and eliminate the need for synthetic insulating board and wide trenches. With LW A backfill, present and future savingsin capital costsalone are expectedto be in the millions.
Insulating
BaC'kfil/
.:+ Substantially reduces ground movement-induced
stresseson
buried pipes and structures +:. Counteracts frost heaving, resists freeze/thaw cycles and highly insulative Inen, non-corrosive and stable
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DESIGN
ADVANTAGES
For almost 50 years Rotary Kiln
.Reduces
Dead
produced Expanded Lightweight Aggregate (LW A) has been effect-
.Reduces LateralForces
ively used to solve geotechnical
.Reduces Over Turning Forces
1HE PROVEN
SOW7JOH
engineering problems and to con-
Loads
.Provides High-Friction Angle
ven unstable soil into usableland. Lightweight aggregatecan reduce
.Controlled Gradations
the weight of compacted geo-
.Free Draining
technical fills by up to one-halÂŁ Where thermal stability isrequired,
.Water
LWA providessignificantly greater
.Acid
lnsoluable lnsoluable
thermal resistancewhen compared to soil, sand or gravel fill. It affords permanent economical insulation around water lines, steam lines and any other
.High
InsulationValue
.Chemically
Inert
thermally sensitivevessel.This inen, durable, stable, free-draining and environmentally "friendly" lightweight aggregateis extremely easyto handle and provides economical long term solutions for geotechnical challenges.
.High .~
THE MA TER/AL Expanded shale,clay and slate lightweight aggregate(LWA) has a long track
Strength& Durability to Handle
and Install
.Readily Available .Environmentally "Friendly"
record of quality and performance. Since its development in the early nineteen hundreds, LW A produced by the rotary kiln processhas been used extensivelyin asphalt road surfaces,concrete bridge decks, high-rise buildings, concrete precast/prestressedelements, concrete masonry and geotechnical applications. The quality of LW A results from a carefully controlled manufaCtUringprocess.In a rotary kiln, selectivelymined shale, clay or slate is fired in excessof 2000° F. The LW A material is then processedto precisegradations. The result is a high quality, lightweight aggregatethat is inen, durable, tough, stable, highly insulative, and free draining, ready to meet stringent strUctural specifications. PHYSICAL
PROPER77ES
The physical propenies for specific types of rotary kiln expanded light-weight aggregate may vary according to manufacturer. For precise information on unit weight, specific gravity, compacted density, friction angle, thermal conductivity and the other physical propenies of a panicular LW A material, consult the rotary kiln expanded shale, day or slate producers listed on the back of this brochure.
I
Wherever
I
For
nearly
you one
live,
hundred
years ESCS (Expanded Shale, Clay and Slate) has been used successfully around the world in more I than 50 different types of applications. The most notable among these are concrete masonry, high-rise buildings, concrete bridge decks, precast and prestressedconcrete elements, asphalt road surfaces, soil conditioner and geotechnical fills. I
work
or play,
ESCS
improves
your
world!
What is ESCS? It is a unique, ceramic lightweight aggregate prepared by expanding select minerals in a rotary kiln at temperatures over 1000째C. The production and the raw materials selection processesare strictly controlled to insure a uniform, high quality product that is structurally strong, stable, durable and inert, yet also lightweight and insulative. ESCS gives designers greater flexibility in creating solutions to meet the challenges of dead load, terrain, seismic conditions, construction schedules and budgets in today's marketplace.
Expanded shale, clay and slate aggregate, as manufactured by the rotary kiln process (originally developed in 1908 and patented in 1918 as Haydite), is available throughout the world. ~ ~ 2225 Murray-Holladay
Expanded
Shale,
Clay
and
Slate
Road, Suite 102, Salt Lake City, Utah
84117.
Institute (801) 272-7070.
Fax (801) 272-3377 Publication# 6600