Lille after Euralille

:

City after Euralille

2009/2010 Berlage Institute Research Report

Research Report Credits This Berlage Institute Research Report is intended for archival purposes only and represents unedited and ongoing student research. Produced through the department of broadcasting, it is the collective effort of Berlage Institute studio participants, tutors, and staff.

This publication is part of a limited edition of copies and is strictly intended for use only by the Berlage Institute.

February 2010 Š 2010, Berlage Institute, Rotterdam

The Berlage Institute is an international post­graduate laboratory for education, research and development in the fields of architecture, urban planning and landscape design.

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The Berlage Institute Research Report 2009/2010

Euraring Lille: City after Euralille Professors: Petar Zaklanovic, Markus Appenzeller Local Experts: Mathieu Goetzke, Charlotte Rosier, Ari Brodach External Experts: Kees Christiaanse, Lars Rompelberg, Michael Trinkner Berlage Jury: Vedran Mimica, Elia Zenghelis, Roemer van Toorn Pier Vittorio Aureli, Joachim Declerck, Solomon Frausto Participants: Si Wu, Yuichi Watanabe, Tzu-Hua Wu, Hyun Soo Kim Maria Iglesias Martinez, Pei-Lin Hsieh, Chu Liu, Taiwan Kim

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Studio Brief The introduction of modern, global and regional, communication, and transport networks into mid-sized cities were intended to place them on the global map.

Instead they have sucked the flavor out of existing cities, forming self-centered nodes that have transformed the spaces around them into peripheral zones, cities into metropolitan hinterlands.

The resistance of local communities to the creation of big infra-hubs, political decentralization and many failed projects of the kind have all shed light on this urban strategy. But the necessity to connect to regional networks via big hubs still remains. There is a need to redefine the role of cities hosting important regional infra-hubs in the global game of power and success. What kind of relationship between these hubs and European cities can lead to a new harmonious development framework? What strategies can be employed in order to reclaim city territory and save it from monotonous concepts often attempted to find a place in the global market?

Lille is the exemplary case. In the 1990s, the Euralille development undeniably placed it on the map of Europe. Current spatial initiatives happen at the fringe.

Lille consists of paradigmatic, historical, urban patterns juxtaposed to one other: Medieval to Flemish, Flemish to Hausmannian. It’s a human-scale Paris!

Special, attractive and functional! Large-scale restructuring and densification of the city is not an option. The center of Lille is practically untouchable.

Eura-ring is proposed! It is a contiguous development along the ring road surrounding the city and connected via four major boulevards to the old city. The premises for the proposal were four-fold: Lille’s size would make the proposal concept accessible to the whole city. Eurallile has already established a precedent for successful, unaggressive ring road development.

The space around the city has many attractive but underused and underconnected assets, including a waterfront, sport facilities, and a Citadel. And, the ring road doesn’t cover the city’s western edge, allowing Lille to remain easily extendable.

This first-year research studio, through a series of research and design efforts, will consider: how can the proposed development framework be implemented spatially? What are its potentials? How can it induce the regeneration of the existing city? Can we come up with new strategies and intelligence on dealing with infrastructure?

The project aims to redefine the symbiosis between urban agglomerations and their supra-regional infra-networks. It will search for new means of growth and regeneration for the mid-size European cities.

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CONTENTS

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task: Lille after euralille discoveries: real lille framework: hopeless space for hope communities reactivated interventions: st. sauveur Message 1: Embrace the World Message 2: Believe in what is there

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i. the task

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lille after euralille

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The level of Prime Intermed

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diate Space Transformable areas Catchementzone of metro stations Social housings

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Task: Search For Space Of Hope Can European cities regain the vitality and attractiveness? How should they cope with the unstoppable Globalization? Can they send an “everything is possible” message, like the most vital world cities do?

The message of openness and inclusion? What policies would be needed to support this message? What kind of people would be able to initiate the feeling? What kind of space would be able to house the initiatives?

Eventually, is there such a space in European cities?

What’s Wrong?

European cities are stuck in a pointless search for the uniqueness.

Exhausting competition without real winners. Same arguments, same tools. Energy spilled over in a an ever lasting reproduction of the status quo.

City development in Europe is largely influenced by the profit making and short lived political agendas aimed at ad hoc results for campaigning purposes. This significantly shortens the time frame and simplifies criteria for the evaluation of the results.

Answers from policy makers today inspire regeneration strategies which, regardless the scale, suffer from one or more of the following issues: simplification of the context and hence the task, irreversible exploitation of resources and cosmetic (not sufficient) character of transformation.

The proposals end up as results of not enough understood hypes. Ultimate generators of opportunism.

Sometimes it is the specific program that seems to be needed, sometimes the infrastructure. A sort of aspirin like intervention, it helps but doesn’t cure.

Or, the interventions often irreversibly use the vital resources (such as the city owned land) making the regeneration significant but incapable of adapting to the demands of the future. A sort of a last bet strategy.

Exploit Local: City Is A Creator Every serious attempt to regenerate and enhance European city space today must acknowledge its complexity as a whole. Even more, it must use it as the key value generator. The ultimate source of new ideas!

All elements of a city must be inspired to participate in the regeneration.

There should be no forgotten areas regardless their size and position.

Also, no excluded or hidden inhabitants and communities. Everybody must be inspired to join and even more importantly to - contribute any major regeneration process.

Yes, we live in a postindustrial condition. The creative class is rising.

However, the concepts for regeneration must not only be about recognising and dragging (attracting) the new class into a city. They should also make conditions in which it could be generated from the local condition, existing population. Cities must become creators of the creative class!

The Global Context The context we must ultimately take into account is global. The rise of new societies and their economies pushes for an extreme openness and competition. The new players employ all their assets.

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They transform all aspects of their societies: social, economical, political and – spatial. Three hundred million Chinese will move to the cities in the coming 30 years. Completely new cities are being and will be built. The existing ones extended and fundamentally changed. Similar urbanization levels are expected in other rising economies.

The cities are seen as the generators of goods and ideas. They are already operate as the engines of growth. There is no one who could say now how the cities in the nearby future will eventually look like and operate. This is an experiment, and it is global. No one is spared from it. Everybody must participate.

Eventually, if the process saved from cataclysmic events, there will indeed be one system for all. The rudimentary phase of the globalization will move to a more regulated version. Also in space - one big room for all. No exclusive clubs to pillow the reality. The key to succeed is the ability to accept new reality, change and adapt.

New European City From all points of view the theme of the urban development in the developing world is a clear one. It is about facilitating and enhancing growth of cities, decreasing poverty, raising standards, establishing rules and so on. It is simply making things better.

What about the West? Here everything is already OK. Almost no poverty, standards are high, rules are operational. There is hardly any growth of cities. Actually, they often suffer serious decline.

The Globalization will and already is further challenging the situation.

The immediate reading (one without a creative effort) could be that the people might become significantly more poor. Hence is the process of Globalization relatively easy to read as a threat. Easy to turn into conservative and discriminatory policies. As a result, serious disruptions, possibly cataclysmic ones could follow.

So, the focus should be also on the West. It must be proven possible to benefit from Globalization there too. The concepts which to create capacity of the Western societies to adapt, absorb and benefit from the globalization must be developed. They are largely in the areas of the economical and political domains, but also in terms of social policies.

Free movement, free trade, open job markets will tremendously reflect on the spatial development.

The ultimate question becomes: can a global city find its place inside of a European one?

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What can be of mid-siz

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e a strength ze cities?.

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COPENHAGEN

ANTWERP

FRANKFURT Useless com LYON

AMSTERDAM

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HELSINKI

BRNO

ZURICH LJUBLJANA mpetitions?

POTSDAM

SALZBURG

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globalization is the ultimate context

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Ii. discoveries

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real lille

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industrial past

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challenge

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answers

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answers

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answers

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Objective: Lille as the Bes Mid-Size City to

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st European o Live+Work

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Euralille

Unbalanced d

Isolated Inactivated c Post-industr

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Euralille

developments

Euralille

Euralille

districts Balancing Out the developm communities = rial city Lille

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Unbalanced d

Isolated

Inactivated c Post-industr

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developments

districts

communities rial city Lille

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Unbalanced d Isolated

Inactivated c

Post-industr

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developments districts

communities

rial city Lille

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Unbalanced d Isolated Inactivated c

Post-industr

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development districts communities

rial city Lille

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The final de within a glob

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estination is bal contact.

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Iii. Framework

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hopless city space for hope city space of the future

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Space For The Future European city needs a concept for a substantial transformation that would give it back the leading role in spatial development. Beyond banal attraction of open air museums. Lasting vitality beyond timely urban planning hypes. Functional and challenging. Comfortable and surprising. Attractive but asking for the active participation.

The space in the city which to enable the transformation must be discovered.

Inspiring active participation of all levels of the society. Optimistic and inclusive.

Able to anticipate the change. Open to the future. Open to the World. Space of hope.

Two processes seem to be crucial in the pursue of such a space.

Search for the types of spatial preconceptions We should embrace the prejudicial character of large portion of European societies and use it to guide the conceptualization of a variety of different spatial conditions: safest neighborhood, cleanest community, children friendliest area, perfect mix, lively, arty, white, black….

In order to make these spatial conditions easier to perceive and market, we should condense and purify them to iconic levels. Theme parks for caprice and prejudice! European type Celebrations! Purity, rigid selection of ambient! What is not pure does not belong. Comfortable life. Poundbury as a European version of Amish community. Stage society!

We should finally start appreciating people who are ready to live in museums.

There are many of them. Ready to be exhibited! Frozen happiness! We should exclude all inappropriate city spaces that might surround them, by means of condensation and purification, also appropriate mix use (appropriate is very important aspect).

Hopeless city space for the hope Simultaneously, we should focus on the residue space created by the previous process. All the space secretly disgusted for being contaminated with impurity and lack of all or some crucial values. Free from any expectations! Confusing.

Dangerous. Strangely enough, not fenced off yet (or are fences in Europe somewhat different). Easy to turn the back on. Easy to forget. Left alone. Free!

This is exactly the space we both need and can still find in Europe. It is actually the space that is being created by the growing elitism (driven by a massive denial of the reality, what else?) inside and global pressures outside of Europe.

What D. Sudjic calls “space for expansion” (in regard to London Thames Gateway) referring mostly to its redundant industrial past, should get explained as a multifold phenomenon deeply embedded in many levels of the European context.

Role of the new space This space could be open for experimental spatial organization that would aim for creating inspiring environments for creating ideas and knowledge, intensive exchange of experience. Not only via institutions, but simply via a new spirit of optimism and feeling of belonging to the whole world. It should integrate communities not by assimilating but by respecting and learning from them. It

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should be inviting people with ideas, not afraid of challenge.

Today Today, this space is inhabited with immigrants, students, artists and other outsiders. The key change from what it used to be before is that it has lost its previous role of the waiting room where the outsiders wait before joining the club of the established and assimilated. It is widely, though still quietly understood as hopeless. It is also very well hidden. Partly because it is formalized according to the acceptable European city looks (no minarets referendums).

Emerging value Meantime this redundant space acquires its own character and values. Lack of formal clarity frees the space from any expectations and opens it up for creative assertions. It becomes a fair ground for invention. It challenges bright minds.

Demands and triggers imagination. It acquires a unique identity.

All these values and opportunities are ignored by political and (for a great deal) intellectual elites. They are unable to see and exploit the potential of this space outside of the existing developer’s agendas. Exodus from the city centres and simplified concepts for their regeneration both contribute to the growing conviction about irreversibility of the damage done. This is the space everybody thinks is to wait forever.

Nineteen century buildings in a mishmash with social housing from 70’s (half or completely privatized), bits and pieces of the industrial past and office buildings of the end of twentieth century. Sometime ago a typical waiting land. Today quietly deemed incurable. The price of regeneration will never pay off while there are hardly any other ways for evaluation. It is the space under the death sentence that will never be executed. The reasons are however not ethical but purely practical.

Even speculative concepts made for promotional purposes are not believable anymore. Political campaigners find it more effective to communicate ideas about new stadiums, shopping malls and Olympic assets than regeneration of these areas. There are also not enough artists and gays to start up the bottom up recovery.

However the values of this space are definitely recognized by the communities that inhabit it and by the globalization in general. They might not like it but they understand its purpose. They are the only ones with both whish and ideas how to change it to better. One should start thinking of the recovery of a city by not asking for more than that. At least at the beginning.

Contradictory enough, exactly the belief in the permanently lost value of this kind of spaces makes them suitable to possibly escape established planning dogmas and trigger alternatives. Hopelessness as a resource! This is the type of space we should be looking for!

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Intermedia

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ate Space

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Space of Identity elements

Urban development plan

Major public facilities

Urban history a morpholo

Space of Id

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and ogy

Land price on districts

Popularity and Attractions

dentity

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Space of Identity

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irregular nameless undeveloped unnoticeable indefinable unpopular

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flexible renewable potential transformable variable affordable

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what is the ultimate the space?

potential of the depicted space?

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city network engreen network! enriched!

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extensive slow traffic raffic!

routes connected into a network integrating the whole city!

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perfect location for new facilities! social infrastructure: schools, university, cultural centres.....

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finally, the intermediate space becomes the driving Interactions over the city bo force of lille, source of its new vitality!

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order

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Families

Lamberstart

L

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La Madeleine

Lille Sud

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Professionals and workers

Lamberstart

EuraTechnologies

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Eurasante

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La Madeleine

EuraLille EuraLille II

Lille Sud

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Students

Lamberstart

EuraTechnologies

Medical University Hospitals

Eurasante

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La Madeleine

EuraLille EuraLille II

Lille Sud Universities

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Strategy to find Prime Interm

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mediate Space

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Catchment-zone of metro s

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stations 400

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The level of Prime Intermed

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diate Space Transformable areas Catchementzone of metro stations Social housings

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The present of Intermediate

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e Space

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The 50years later of Interme

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ediate Space

2060

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Iiii.

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communities reactivated

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Let’s brin back to th

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ng people he city-life!

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Human asset is the most imp

Human, is always the

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portant catalyst.

most important catalys Eura-ring Lille: City after Euralille

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-bulding walls -open spaces -vacant buidings -parking lot -roof top -stations -alley/back streets -balcony -window -underground/basement /subway -public buidings -street surface -resturants/bars/cafes -stores/shops/markets -roundabout -green

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+

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Urban DNA

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migrant

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ProďŹ le: Retired personal time and personal spaces, tend to be more socially active

ProďŹ le: Young Family affordability average daily routine and busy

household garden

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Bench Park

Profile: Students Profile: Gipsy

fixed with their schools tend to show themselves off

fortune-tellers, beggars, performers, or retails lead a vagrant life

Urban stage

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Movable living

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Streets being vessels

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the beginning: st. sauveur station site

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Iiiii. interventions

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Saint Sauveur Test Case for Intermediate Space

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Saint Sauveur = Previ 130

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ious Industrial Station Eura-ring Lille: City after Euralille

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Saint Sauveu

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ur as Catalyst

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Global

Local In 134

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lization

nitiative Eura-ring Lille: City after Euralille

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Already bal City.

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Heritage = 138

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50%

Found in Paris, NY

= Shopping Eura-ring Lille: City after Euralille

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100%

Found in Paris, NY

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= Global Eura-ring Lille: City after Euralille

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Global

Imagine N 144

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Local In

Power to t 146

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nitiative

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Iiiii. message 1: embrace the world (the global heart of lille)

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Seductive Globalization The proposal aims at tackling the globalization from its seductive end - cheap price of the built structure.

The concept is an experiment where the price of the built square meter becomes the average global price, resulting in one third of the local one.

Instead of building more in order to exploit the market demand (inevitable developer’s reaction), this sudden opportunity is actually used to increase quality and diversity in order to alter the retrograde processes in the development of the city.

Fear Is The Enemy The western societies have a very contradictory understanding of the globalization. They embrace its cheap products which dominate various levels of the western consumerist life style. At the same time, same societies are afraid of the globalization process as such.

This fear creates opportunities for irrational conclusions. The globalization is often seen as a threat to the western life style. A number of discriminatory political agendas are already using this argument to successfully increase their participation in political life of many European states.

The Future Is Bright Larger house, more open private space, more green space, various cultural programs, good quality safe public space and preserved (reused) heritage buildings are proposed. Together with the urban density and existing advantages of the city life like sufficient social infrastructure, proximity to cultural and shopping facilities and good coverage of the public transport the concept proposed offers a very attractive city space that could possibly reverse some of the spatial trends draining the life outside of cities.

The exodus of young families to suburbia is stopped. Professionals are tempted to stay living in the city. Start up companies find it more attractive to operate from in the urban environment, better connected, more opportunities for getting profitable clients, more accessible, cheaper to run. Immigrant communities enrich the ambient adding vital elements of their culture which in return makes them finally feel at home.

Eventually, the message of openness is sent. Inclusion and optimism! The place for all! Challenging but rewarding! The image of the globalization is changed.

We are looking into our bright future!

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Globalization

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= Affordable

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Globalization =

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= Reproduction

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Globaliz Immigran

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zation = nt Workers

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Average GDP Growth - L Developing economies had their b Average GDP growth [%] 8% 6% 4% 2% 0%

L

M

H

1970–80

Countries with

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L

M

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1980–90

Low income

Low/Middle/High Income best decade of growth in 2000–07

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H

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1990–2000

2000–07

Middle income

High income

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Merchandise Exports fro

Most developing economy expor

Merchandise exports from dev US$ Trillions ($ trillions) 5 4 3

To mi

2 1 0

1990

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1995

om Developing Countries

rts go to high-income economies

veloping economies

To low-income economies

iddle-income economies

To high-income economies 2000

2005

2007

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Migrant Remittances to

Top recipients of migrant remittances a

US$billion, Billion, 2008 (US$ 2008) 52.0 40.6

26.3 18.6 10.7

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9.0

7.2

Source:Same as table 1. GDP data for 2008 are not available fo

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o Developing Countries

among developing countries in 2008

% of ofGDP, GDP2007) , 2007 (% 46 39 34 28

26

24

23

22

21

19

or many countries; hence data are shown for 2007.

Source: World Bank Eura-ring Lille: City after Euralille

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Contrad People get wh through the what they

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diction: hat they want, e process of don’t like.

Eura-ring Lille: City after Euralille

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$ S

Y

S

T

Cap Inpu

E

M

Let’s Utilize This System.

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pitalism ut

Soci alism Outp ut

Eura-ring Lille: City after Euralille

165

1,109.

Total Amount

by Bilbao Ria Funded witho 166

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.24

Mil. Euros

of Investment 2000 out Tax Money Eura-ring Lille: City after Euralille

167

m

Glob

S

Y

S

T

E

M

Globalization as Input 168

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balization

Affor d Hou able sing

Eura-ring Lille: City after Euralille

169

Social Class

Housing

Income Breaking the Chain Link 170

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g Price

Quality of Life

Neighborhood

Eura-ring Lille: City after Euralille

171

IKEA Sy “affordab

LACK: 1985: $48* 1

4

Today: $12

KLIPPA 1985: $

1

Today:

*Purchace 172

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ystem: ble solutions for better living�

AN: $772

1

4

: $199

POANG: 1985: $290 1

4

Today: $79

e power = Price based on average inflation of 3.7% Eura-ring Lille: City after Euralille

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Glovalizi Setting t

Design

Material Selection

Traditional Process: Price

â‚Ź

Globalization: 174

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Design

ing IKEA: the Target Price First.

Local Labor

Price

â‚Ź

+ Material Selection

+

Labor Selection

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Housing S

Lille Average : 2 3000 euro/m :

3: 176

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Sales Price

=

: World Average 2 : 1000 euro/m

:1 Source: World Property Eura-ring Lille: City after Euralille

177

Hypothesis: World Average

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e=Lille Average

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179

World Average

Possibility Facto

Industrial Land P =Lower than ne

Land Ownership =Power to Set N

Prefabricated St =Selection of L 180

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e=Lille Average

ors:

Price eighboring sites

p of City New System

tructure Labor Eura-ring Lille: City after Euralille

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More Space = Q

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Quality of Living

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x3 Buyers

1

3

x3 Space

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185

75m2 Lille Av.

225m 2

Couple

Start-up Business

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Family

Growth

x3 Working

Private

€ Mid Income

Private

€

€

Public

€

Low Income x3

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X X X X

X X X X

X X X X

X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X

Global City Multiplicity of Living + Working

X X X X 188

X X X X

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189

Dual city

“Globa

The global city with the domin of other culture

X

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al city , dual situations�

y concentrates diversity. Its spaces are inscribed nant corporate culture but also with a multiplicity es and identities, [...]They are present everywhere.

--Saskia Sassen--

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Developer Market Driven

Stragegy

=

Tranditional City Base on Social Value

Alternative Stragegy

Global city

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=

=

=

X Vieux Lille

Vauban Esquermes

Fives

Centre

Wazemmes

Faubourg de Bethune

€

€

Lille-Sud

€

Land price Vieux Lille

Vauban Esquermes

Fives

Centre

Wazemmes

Faubourg de Bethune

€

Lille-Sud

€

€

Social Value

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Social Space -LefebvreSaint Sauvenr as * Representations of space Street as * Represenational space / Lived space

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195

Education Faculty

Mark +

Recreati

Students

+ + + + + + + ++ + + + + + + ++ + + + + + + + + + + + +

+

Community Immigrants

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+

Housing Family

Small Business

ket

Business Starter knowledge worker

ion

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +

Training Centre

Low income people

Eura-ring Lille: City after Euralille

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x xxx xxxx x x x x x xx xxx xxxx xxxxx x

Market

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Station Museum

Park Saint Sauvenr

Connection to City Eura-ring Lille: City after Euralille

199

x xxx xxxx x x x x x xx xxx xxxx xxxxx x

Market

200

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Station Museum

Park Saint Sauvenr

Merging with City Infrastructure

Eura-ring Lille: City after Euralille

201

Step

1

Step

[Main connection]

Park

202

2

[Exsiting b

Core

The Berlage Institute Research Report 2009/2010

Step

3

building]

[Plots]

Business Hub

Residential Area

Eura-ring Lille: City after Euralille

203

Housing Park

Exhibition Bookstore

Entertainment

Plaza Commercial Community Centre

Atelier

204

Dormitory

The Berlage Institute Research Report 2009/2010

Fa

Education Tra

Stud

Moho Ho

Open

Housin

aculty

Business Hub

aining centre

dio

Office n Market

ousing

Open Office Administration centre

ng

Small Office

kindergarten

Parking

Residentical Area

Park

Sport Facility

Residentical Area

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[Courtyard Options]

Plan 1

Plan 2

[Anchor / Corner ]

Plan 6

Plan 7

[Iconic Punctiform]

Plan 9

Plan 10

[Intersection: Mix-use / Public Space]

Plan 12

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Plan 3

Plan 5

Plan 4

Plan 8

Plan 11

Scheme

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Site Plan A Exhibition B Education / Faculty / Lecture Room C Dormitory D Entertainment / Bookstore / Gym E Temporary Housing / Open Office/ Studio F Commercial / Restaurant G Administration Centre

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H Open Market I Small Office J Office K Commercial L Housing / Creative M Housing /Kindergarte N Sqaure

en

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209

[Circulation]

[Pedestrain Network]

[Anchor Buildings]

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[Public Space Link]

Sport Facility

[Green Space]

[Public] [Private] [Semi-Public]

Eura-ring Lille: City after Euralille

211

Average size in Lille: 75 212

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5m2 Eura-ring Lille: City after Euralille

213

Strategy Process #1 Default

214

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Strategy Process #2 size Hypothesis [x3]

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Strategy Process #3 Diversifying Typology

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219

Strategy Process #4 Add Program/Mix

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221

Urban typologies 3 times Value = 1/3 Price

[Slab]

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[Cou

[Tower]

untyard]

Eura-ring Lille: City after Euralille

223

A

B

C

$7(/,(5

678',2

+286,1*

&20081$/

$7(/,(5 678',2 +286,1*

COMMUNAL EDUCATION COMMERCIAL EXHIBITION

LIBRARY BOOKS ENTERTAINMENT

A

224

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HOUSING STUDIO ATELIER

EXHIBITION ENTERTAINMENT

COMMERCIAL

COMMERCIAL

COMMUNAL COMMERCIAL

2)),&(

KINDERGARTEN

+286,1*

COMMUNAL

HOUSING

OPEN MARKET

+286,1*

+286,1*

2)),&( HOUSING

HOUSING HOUSING

COMMERCIAL

KINDERGARTEN

PARKING

PARKING

PARKING

PARKING

PARKING

PARKING

B

C

Eura-ring Lille: City after Euralille

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227

Iiii. message 2: believe in what is there (powerful lille)

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Mighty Lillians They proposal postulates conditions where what is widely defined as the creative class, becomes the reinventor of the city. It’s participation in the process of city transformation becomes beneficial for both, the city and the new class. The aim is to reverse the drainage of the vital parts of the population outside of the city.

For The City The creative class brought up by the postindustrial condition holds a significant but latent potential for the improvement of the city space. This potential is often understood in a very simplified way, through a relatively high purchasing power of the new class. This simplification, downgrading towards statistical figures, together with a lack of initiatives within the city planning agendas to create more attractive living and working conditions for in the city centre, all too often pushes the creative class outside of the central parts of cities. While suburbia seems to be the inevitable choice, the city centres are continuously missing opportunities to engage the new class as the key agent for the regeneration.

Everybody Wins The new inhabitants are encouraged to stay in the city by being given incentives such as free ground, free modules of basic structure, free existing old buildings, which together with standard advantages of the life in city centres (sufficient social infrastructure, good public transport coverage, cultural and leisure activities) form ultimately attractive situations for life and work of variety of inhabitants.

In return, the new inhabitants are asked to contribute to this process with not more than creating their own conditions for living and working. The process is helped with sets of development rules which secure the urban character of the development without decreasing the creative process.

The city benefits from having held the new inhabitants in its central areas in many more ways than just providing new high quality consumers. It engages their creative energy and imagination as the key providers of ideas for the substantial improvement of the area. This has a snowball effect on the adjacent sites and eventually leads to a completely changed image and improved identity for wider area and eventually the whole city.

The ideas dwell on the investigation in already existing strategies in several cities in Europe. Those are improved by the addition of design guidelines aiming at inspiring more creativity, hence resulting in a richer variety of urban conditions.

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Work in Ind 230

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dustrial City Eura-ring Lille: City after Euralille

231

Lille is already a P

service/profess

service workers 22.9%

68%

manual labourer 15.4%

entreprene

S 232

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Post-Industrial City

sional 23.7%

%

professional workers 21.2%

agriculture 0.1% retired 0.4% unemployed 13.6%

eurs 2.7%

Source: Insee, RP2006 exploitation complĂŠmentaire Eura-ring Lille: City after Euralille

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Work in Post-I 234

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Industrial City Eura-ring Lille: City after Euralille

235

INDUSTRIAL ROOTED ADAPTATION DEFINED TRADITION STABLE PHYSICAL REPETITION FIXED PROTECTED 236

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POST-INDUSTRIAL MOBILE CREATION AMBIGUOUS INNOVANTION UNCERTAINTY INTELECTUAL DIFFERENTIATION FLEXIBLE EXPOSED

Eura-ring Lille: City after Euralille

237

THIS SPACE COULD BE OPEN FOR EXPERIMENTAL SPAT ING ENVIRONMENTS FOR CREATING IDEAS AND KNOWL VIA INSTITUTIONS, BUT SIMPLY VIA A NEW SPIRIT OF OP WORLD. IT SHOULD INTEGRATE COMMUNITIES NOT BY THEM. IT SHOULD BE INVITING PEOPLE WITH IDEAS, NO WITH IMMIGRANTS, STUDENTS, ARTISTS AND OTHER OU SPACES IS THAT IT HAS LOST ITS PREVIOUS ROLE OF TH JOINING THE CLUB OF THE ESTABLISHED AND ASSIMILA HOPELESS. IT IS ALSO VERY WELL HIDDEN. PARTLY BEC EUROPEAN CITY LOOKS (NO MINARETS REFERENDUMS COMES THE NEW IDENTITY OF THIS SPACE. IT ACTUALL ARE IGNORED BY THE ELITE. HOWEVER THEY ARE DEFI DIVERSITY AND BY THE GLOBALIZATION IN GENERAL. NINETEEN CE FROM 70’SSUBJECT (HALF OR COMPLETELY PRIVATIZED), BITS AN OF THE END OF TWENTIETH CENTURY. SOMETIME AGO ABLE. THE PRICE OF REGENERATION WILL NEVER PAY O IMAGINATION ATE. EVEN SPECULATIVE CONCEPTS MADE FOR PROMO CAL CAMPAIGNERS FIND IT MORE EFFECTIVE TO COMM AND OLYMPIC ASSETS THAN REGENERATION OF THESE TO START UP THE BOTTOM UP RECOVERY. THIS IS THE BODY BUT PEOPLE WHO INHABIT IT. THEY MIGHT NOT L ARE THE ONLY ONES WITH BOTH WHISH AND IDEAS HO OF RECOVERY BY NOT ASKING FOR MORE THAN THAT. A POTENTIAL EXACTLY THE BELIEF IN THE PERMANENTLY LOST VALUE ESCAPE ESTABLISHED PLANNING DOGMAS AND TRIGG THE TYPE OF LAND WE SHOULD BE LOOKING FOR! THIS SOCIALIZE GANIZATION THAT WOULD AIM FOR CREATING INSPIRIN INTENSIVE EXCHANGE OF EXPERIENCE. NOT ONLY VIA I AND FEELING OF BELONGING TO THE WHOLE WORLD. I BUT BY RESPECTING AND LEARNING FROM THEM. IT SH CHALLENGE. TODAY, THIS SPACE IS INHABITED WITH IM THE KEY DISTINCTION FROM OTHER SIMILAR SPACES IS ROOM WHERE THE OUTSIDERS WAIT BEFORE JOINING WIDELY, THOUGH STILL QUIETLY UNDERSTOOD AS HOP FORMALIZED ACCORDING TOReportTHE The Berlage Institute Research 2009/2010ACCEPTABLE EUROP 238 EXACTLY THE LACK OF FORMAL CLARITY BECOMES THE

SPACE

IDEA

CONCEPTION

M

ENERGY

EATIVITY

=P

CREATIVITY

CAPACI

IDEA

CULTURE

TIAL ORGANIZATION THAT WOULD AIM FOR CREATING INSP LEDGE, INTENSIVE EXCHANGE OF EXPERIENCE. NOT ONLY PTIMISM AND FEELING OF BELONGING TO THE WHOLE ASSIMILATING BUT BY RESPECTING AND LEARNING FROM OT AFRAID OF CHALLENGE. TODAY, THIS SPACE IS INHABITE UTSIDERS. THE KEY DISTINCTION FROM OTHER SIMILAR HE WAITING ROOM WHERE THE OUTSIDERS WAIT BEFORE ATED. IT IS WIDELY, THOUGH STILL QUIETLY UNDERSTOOD CAUSE IT IS FORMALIZED ACCORDING TO THE ACCEPTABL S). MEANTIME EXACTLY THE LACK OF FORMAL CLARITY BELY ACQUIRES ITS OWN CHARACTER AND VALUES. THE VALU INITELY RECOGNIZED BY THE COMMUNITIES THAT INHABIT ENTURY BUILDINGS IN A MISHMASH WITH SOCIAL HOUSIN ND PIECES OF THE INDUSTRIAL PAST AND OFFICE BUILDIN O A TYPICAL WAITING LAND. TODAY, QUIETLY DEEMED INCUR OFF AND THERE ARE HARDLY ANY OTHER WAYS TO EVALU OTIONAL PURPOSES ARE NOT BELIEVABLE ANYMORE. POL MUNICATE IDEAS ABOUT NEW STADIUMS, SHOPPING MALLS E AREAS. THERE ARE ALSO NOT ENOUGH ARTISTS AND GA LAND EVERYBODY THINKS IT IS TO WAIT FOREVER. EVERY LIKE IT BUT THEY UNDERSTAND ITS PURPOSE. ALSO, THEY OW TO CHANGE IT TO BETTER. ONE SHOULD START THINKI AT LEAST AT THE BEGINNING. CONTRADICTORY ENOUGH, E OF THIS KIND OF SPACES MAKES THEM SUITABLE TO GER ALTERNATIVES. HOPELESSNESS AS A RESOURCE! THIS S SPACE COULD BE OPEN FOR EXPERIMENTAL SPATIAL OR NG ENVIRONMENTS FOR CREATING IDEAS AND KNOWLEDG INSTITUTIONS, BUT SIMPLY VIA A NEW SPIRIT OF OPTIMISM IT SHOULD INTEGRATE COMMUNITIES NOT BY ASSIMILATIN HOULD BE INVITING PEOPLE WITH IDEAS, NOT AFRAID OF MMIGRANTS, STUDENTS, ARTISTS AND OTHER OUTSIDERS. S THAT IT HAS LOST ITS PREVIOUS ROLE OF THE WAITING THE CLUB OF THE ESTABLISHED AND ASSIMILATED. IT IS PELESS. IT IS ALSO VERY WELL HIDDEN. PARTLY BECAUSE I PEAN CITY LOOKS (NO MINARETS REFERENDUMS). MEANT Eura-ring Lille: City after Euralille 239 E NEW IDENTITY OF THIS SPACE. IT ACTUALLY ACQUIRES IT

A

SUBJECT

N

MOBILITY

CON

CONSUMPTION

POTENTIAL

PRODUCTION

ITY

SP ACTION

IMAGINATION

One Unit Fits All 240

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ric ne

Ge

Eura-ring Lille: City after Euralille

241

Frameworks for Control 242

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Heritage as Given

Physical Structure

Setting Rules

Eura-ring Lille: City after Euralille

243

Freedom for Indivisuals 244

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245

Freedom for Indivisuals 246

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