M2R Market Research Russia by Markus Appenzeller MLA+

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CONTENTS

Introduction Executive Summary

0 PROLOGUE: RUSSIAN CONTEXT Russian urban context

Russian market context

I CHAPTER: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research method

II CHAPTER: IDENTIFYING CITIES Hard data

III CHAPTER: CITY PROFILES Data for profiles

Research focus Identifying local demand Goal Cities selection process

Soft data Evaluation

Kaliningrad Krasnodar Voronezh Rostov-on-don Sochi Nizhniy Novgorod Kazan Ufa Yekaterinburg Novosibirsk Irkutsk Vladivostok

IV EPILOGUE: ADVICES FOR DUTCH PLANNERS Getting in

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Bonus list

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INTRODUCTION

Why a market research? And why Russia? A country that has been embargoed by a large part of the western world. The answer is not simple and it is a mix of more general considerations and professional ones. First Russia is a big country and therefore a big market. It has by far the largest territory that houses 142 million people, the world’s 9th largest population. According to the World Bank, its economy is the 10th largest and has been growing significantly in the last 2 decades. Despite the sheer size, the population is largely concentrated west of the Ural Mountains and with an urbanization rate of around 75% - comparable to that of Germany – largely concentrated in a relatively small number of larger cities. Therefore the architecture and urban development market – despite the size of the country - is rather focused. This allows achieving a high degree of market penetration with limited resources. The settlement patterns of all Russian cities with the exception of Moscow and St. Petersburg were quite similar. This means that everywhere problems are big. Transport breakdowns, dilapidated housing stock, shortcomings of the socialist urban development model, deindustrialization, suburbanization – all these phenomena can be observed everywhere and all over the country – all on the background of a country in transition from the socialist regime to a new, yet not fully defined model. It therefore is the scale of the challenge its complexities that make Russia interesting to architects and urban planners equally. For the market research we have been employing a non-traditional approach since we felt that – while data evaluation can give a rough overview - many trends and promising leads happen underneath the radar. We therefore combined several methods to form our own approach. We hope that this market research delivers the interested reader valuable insights into Russian architecture and urban development markets. We hope it helps you as much as it did help us in defining our own strategy in how to operate in Russia. Enjoy reading!

The research team of MLA+

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Urban Planning and Architecture as a market only form a critical mass that is interesting for foreign firms in a relatively small number of cities. Most of them are located west of the Ural Mountains and therefore are relatively easy to reach. Next to Moscow and St. Petersburg, the so called Millionniki â&#x20AC;&#x201C; the cities that in Soviet Times had more than 1 million inhabitants - are probably the most obvious places. But they differ in terms of development, social, economic and political situation and therefore a closer look is necessary. In addition to these places a number of smaller cities have managed to put themselves on the map of places that have potential. 4

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Potentially interesting places for Dutch architects and urban planners have been identified as cities where key skills of Dutch experts can play an important role: – Strategic planning: Development of framework masterplans that set out development directions – Waterfront development: water scape regeneration and (re-)connection of urban areas to water bodies – Inner city regeneration: Revitalising and repairing existing city cores

The cities listed as the top 12 most interesting and promising places outside Moscow and St. Petersburg are – Irkutsk – Kaliningrad – Kazan – Krasnodar – Nizhny Novgorod – Novosibirsk

– Residential design: design of mass market, especially mid market housing in larger complexes

– Rostov on Don

– Sustainable urban mobility: resolution of transport related problems

– Ufa

– Complex development: Creation of mix use complexes introducing centralities in strategic locations

– Voronezh

– Redevelopment: reprogramming and rescue of urban brownfield – Project management: design, delivery & quality management processes To identify the most interesting places, the market research that has been carried out adopts dual approach. On one hand statistical data, rankings and other hard data were evaluated. A second, alternative approach captures the soft factors, the experience of knowledgeable professionals and of local residents and the image conveyed by a place. These two research tracks have been combined to give a more complete picture and to identify places in a more complete way than each of the methods separately would have been able to achieve.

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– Sochi – Vladivostok – Yekaterinburg This selection of cities offers a wide range of challenges and numerous opportunities for Dutch expertise to excel. For these 12 cities we have taken the market research to a next level. Not only are the cities introduced in detail, but also key challenges, projects currently under way and the next big things have been identified in intense talks with local stakeholders, politicians and professionals. To add practical usability, the market research also provides names and contacts of key figures in the city, so that any Dutch architect and urban planner interested in a place or a problem can immediately tap into networks on different levels – political, economic and societal. While this allows direct access to people, the research also makes recommendations how Dutch experts themselves can appear on the Russian market and what – from our own and others experience – the best way into it can be.

0. PROLOGUE

M2R prologue

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RUSSIAN URBAN CONTEXT

WHAT IS URBAN CULTURE IN RUSSIA? Russia had a very limited number of cities in the beginning of XX century and small urban population. 2/3 of all cities in Russia were built in the Soviet era: According to the first Russian census of 1897 the country had 430 cities, in 1997 there were 1087 cities. During Soviet times the urban population grew ten fold - from 15,5 million people in 1917 to 109,8 million people in 1991 [Pivovarov, 2006]. Most of the urban fabric in the country was built after World War II following the modernist paradigms of light, air and sun and mass production. To accommodate the new urbanites and to achieve a more balanced settlement pattern across the country, cities were developed fast, using prefabrication and identical development models. This also meant a big part of the population in cities had rural origins and often kept living its rural life in the new environments, leading to an hybrid culture that neither was entirely urban nor entirely rural anymore. Preserving some of the rural skills also proved useful, especially in times of scarce food supply. As a consequence, today we are dealing with cities that often do not have a historical core but vast industrial areas frequently under utilized and awaiting a new purpose and a culture that - while in the meantime more urban - still has traces of a rural past. During the Soviet Union and following socialist ideology, creating living environments for workers was the main purpose of urban development. The notion of quality of life did not play a major role and only starts to emerge slowly as a guiding principle of urban development. Therefore, there is a huge need for redevelopment and quality improvements.

Russian urbanites in 1959 (visit of Christian Dior to Moscow, note that most of women are wearing headscarves, which marks their rural background) image source: http://www.go2life.net/people/161-30-unikalnyh-foto-1959-goda-kristian-dior-v-moskve.html

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M2R prologue

THE RUSSIAN CITY TODAY Russian cities today are a mix of cutting edge technology and development and outdated and delapidated housing, industry and infrastructure. This creates conditions that in their overlay are unique and highly challenging. At the same time, the omnipresence of singular development models in the whole country over long periods also creates few prototypical city structures. Therefore any solution developed not only applies to a singular context as often is the case in western european cities but to many cases. A single solution therefore cannot only improve life of a few but immediately can have a big impact on thousands of people all across Russia. Saratov city residential district Image source:

http://vk.com/yebenya?z=photo-69563163_393150752% 2Falbum-69563163_00%2Frev

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RUSSIAN URBAN CONTEXT

Outside Russia the impression persists that Russian cities have barely changed since the end of the Soviet Union. That impression is fed by the – often highly elaborated - photo safaris undertaken by photographers in search for the post socialist decay. Indeed run down city quarters, abandoned industrial plants, former research centre s, schools, parks and holiday resorts can be found all over the Russian Federation. They are silent witnesses of an era long gone and they are both, challenge and opportunity equally.

a large part of the population still is relatively poor. In between these groups an urban middle class has been growing but it still is rather small and hit hardest by the many crises Russia has been experiencing since the late 1980’s. Despite these ups and downs this group is the key target group for many development projects in recent years. Their budgets, aspirations and their desired life styles have a big impact on the development models that are being pursued.

While these monuments of the past still form a large part of most Russian cities, other parts show a very different picture: Well maintained city centre s, lively urban streets, pedestrian zones, vivid inner city neighbourhoods and post- reuse of old factories. In all larger cities these zones have seen significant improvements and especially in recent years a focus has shifted from refurbishing or replacing buildings to uplifting the urban environment as a whole, therefore including streets and local public spaces.

The different levels of maintenance and newness in Russian cities do lead to a very heterogenic urban fabric with contrasts stronger than common elsewhere. Zones of activity and such that have been abandoned exist immediately side by side, creating a rather impermeable collection of clusters. The fact that a lot of new development is inward looking and tries to seclude itself from the city by means of walls, gates, security only increases this problem. Russian cities therefore depend more on road and public transport infrastructure to move between active parts of the city than is the case elsewhere. The problem: Soviet city development models always treated each development as a secluded entity connected to one arterial transport corridor. With the enormous increase of cars, a system that – unlike a network – does not have much redundancy, a lack of traffic management and long postponed upgrades of transport infrastructure all cities are suffering from severe transport problems causing epic traffic jams. Another problem is to be found in the way Russian society is organized. Ever since tsarist times, the state has been organized in a strictly hierarchical manner with the top leader deciding on most issues – big questions and small details. Today this model is not only common in the public administration but also in the business community and society as a whole. Processes are rather iterative and ad hoc and decision making is not always consistent and based on knowledge but on authority of the leader. This leads delays, contradictions and failures that a more horizontal system probably could avoid. However – it does not mean that there is no corrective. Especially in urban development there are often quite rich debates that include a wide variety of local individuals. In this context the role of the activist has become an important voice, bringing together public opinion and exercising checks and balances. These individuals that have charged themselves with a specific mission are vocal forces pushing for their agendas and often succeed.

A third element of the past that is not always in a good condition but also lively: The Microrayons – the residential micro districts that have been developing since the 1960’s at the periphery. While from the outside they resemble western modernist large scale housing estates from the 1960’s to 1980’s they are often mistaken by foreigners as problem zones of the same order as the socially deprived counterparts in the west. That does not comply with the social and economic condition they are in. Microrayons in Russia largely house the middle class and therefore are more stable and suffer less from vandalism, crime and social deprivation. Since 1990 Russian cities literally have been exploding in size. Like in the west, with increasing car ownership and cheap fuel suburbanisation has taken place everywhere. But while in Europe and the US this model usually is associated with seas of single family houses close to motorway entries, in Russia the result is more varied. The Russian Datcha (a second summer home in the countryside) as a model has been adapted to serve as the out of town single family house; usually hidden behind high fences. These suburban datchas are located in dense clusters with little infrastructure, resembling allotment garden settlements in many western cities. The complete opposite can also be found: New types of Micro districts with highrise buildings around public spaces. While the model has not changed dramatically since soviet times, the quality has improved significantly. Not only do the buildings offer more variety and a more architectural language that is also executed at much higher quality, but also a regime of public, semi-private and private spaces results in increasing quality. Since the end of the Soviet Union the social and economic divide, especially in the bigger cities has been growing. Today an upper class lives a luxury life in lifestyle bubbles within the city while

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All these aspects together lead to a quite colorful image of the post-soviet city where many of the big challenges that especially in western cities have been solved are still pending. It is this mix that makes it challenging to work in these places while at the same time booking results brings improvements on a scale and for numbers of people that are hard to match elsewhere.

Historical core

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Depending on individual city history, but in most cases end of XVIII, beginning of XX century

The typical Russian city has a historical core, which is often represented by a regular grid pattern, which goes back to XVIIIth century planning enforced by Ekaterina the Great [Gulyanizkiy, 1995].

URBAN STRUCTURE OF RUSSIAN CITIES The grid mixes low and midrise buildings.

of ation – 1970s panel

Urban pattern TheSoviet prefabricated city 1950s panel – 1970s The prefabricated panel a high construction allowedcity for has a high construction allowed for a high ding on The typical Russian aof Industrial belt First wave Large industrial enterprises were w areas speed development of new areas speed development of new areas ual city historical core, which is often industrialization, established together with model for the new “mikrorayon” model for the new “mikrorayon” model – represented by a regular grid– , but in– development of the railway end of XIX, mbining urban form typology, combining urban form typology, cases end pattern, which goesbeginning back toof XX system, encircling the combining historical gartens, schools, kindergartens, schools, kindergartens, housing, housing, th XVIII century planning enforced I, urban cores. century facilities service and medical service and facilities by Ekaterina the facilities ning of XX The historical core often features aGreat regular Accommodated the medical first wave of inside the plot. inside the plot. grid pattern, which goes back to XVIIIth industrialization. Large industrial [Gulyanizkiy, 1995]. y century planning enforced by Ekaterina the enterprises were established together The [Gulyanizkiy, grid mixes1995]. low and Great Withinmidrise the grid with development of the railway system, buildings. low and mid-rise buildings coexist. encircling the historical urban cores.

Description

HISTORICAL CORE

XVIII - BEGINNING XX CENTURY Urban pattern

n onward was ave of nic hasand a rialization, % of all s often XIX,was ock ar grid ning of XX rezhnev ack to y nforced Great eed of at that midrise

The block formation 1970s onward was Large industrial enterprises were Inbetween Until the and mid-XX replaced by more organic established together with areas century larger spatial entities. 50% of all development of the railway Soviet Union housing stock was system, encircling the “Brezhnev historical constructed in the urban cores. period” (1965-1982)

tonward Union, he were mid-XX wnership es ywealthy with d villas, railway es in the storical ommon and for resulted uburban

With the fall ofcity the Soviet Postsoviet 1990sUnion, onward Before housing the(suburban risingthe levelsmass of car ownership and an emerging construction era class kickedof wealthy in the sprawl) people could villas, need for who housing wasafford enormous, development around cities in the resulting in barracks and self built green zones became common housings sprawling around practice. Growing demand the for privatebuilt house ownership resulted newly industrial enterprises. in sprawling suburban settlements.

Land tes that d in the to 54 90-1999. rate of he built decade h that of ears of housing hikov O.,

prologue

The scale and speed of construction developed at that time is still operational.

Federal Service for Land Cadastre of Russia states that the area of built-up land in the country grew from 30 to 54 thousand sq. km in 1990-1999. This means that the rate of territorial expansion of the built environment during that decade alone is comparable with that of 12previous hundreds of years of Russian history. [Golubchikov O.,

INDUSTRIAL BELT

END XIX - BEGINNING XX CENTURY

IN-BETWEEN AREAS Before the mass housing construction era kicked in the need for housing was enormous, resulting in barracks and self built housing that was informally sprawling around the newly built industrial enterprises. UNTIL MID XX CENTURY

The block formation was Before massorganic housing replaced the by more and construction kicked in oftheall larger spatialera entities. 50% need forUnion housing was enormous, Soviet housing stock was resulting in barracks and“Brezhnev self built constructed in the housings sprawling around the period” (1965-1982) newly built industrial enterprises. The scale and speed of construction developed at that time is still operational.

With the fall of the Soviet Union, the rising levels of car ownership and an emerging class of wealthy people who could afford villas, development around cities in the green zones became common practice. Growing demand for private house ownership resulted in sprawling suburban settlements. Federal Service for Land Cadastre of Russia states that the area of built-up land in the country grew from 30 to 54 thousand sq. km in 1990-1999. This means that the rate of territorial expansion of the built environment during that decade alone is comparable with that of previous hundreds of years of Russian history. [Golubchikov O.,

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construction allowed for a high speed development of new areas for the new “mikrorayon” model – urban form typology, combining housing, schools, kindergartens, RUSSIAN URBAN CONTEXT service and medical facilities inside the plot.

0s panel – 1970s The Soviet city prefabricated 1950s – 1970s panel The prefabricated panel 1970s onward The block formation was a high construction allowed for a high construction allowed for a high replaced by ofmore organic and w areas speed development of new areas speed development new areas larger spatial entities. model – for the new “mikrorayon” model – for the new “mikrorayon” model50% – of all Soviet Union housing stock was mbining urban form typology, combining urban form typology, combining constructed in the “Brezhnev gartens, housing, schools, kindergartens, housing, schools, kindergartens, period” (1965-1982) facilities and panel medical facilities service and medical facilities The service prefabricated construction The block formation was replaced by With the fall of the Soviet Union, the rising inside plot.speed development inside the plot. allowed for the a high more organic and larger spatial entities. The scale and speed levels of of car ownership and an emerging of new areas for the new “mikro rayon” 50% of allconstruction Soviet Union housing stock class developed at that of wealthy people who could afford model – urban form typology, combining was constructed in the “Brezhnev period” villas, development around cities in the time is still operational. housing, schools, kindergartens, service (1965-1982). green zones started. Growing demand and medical facilities inside large plots. for private house ownership resulted in sprawling suburban settlements.

n0s onward was nic and % of all ock was rezhnev

eed of at that

t Union, 0s onward wnership wealthy d villas, es in the ommon and for resulted uburban

Land tes that d in the to 54 0-1999. rate of he built decade h that of ears of hikov O.,

SOVIET CITY 1950 – 1970

SOVIET CITY AFTER 1970

POST SOVIET CITY

1950s – 1970s

1970s ONWARD

1990s ONWARD

The block formation 1970s onward was The block formation was With the fall of the Soviet Union, Postsoviet city 1990s onward replaced by more organic and replacedthebyrising more organic levels of carand ownership (suburban and anentities. emerging class larger spatial entities. 50% of all larger spatial 50% of of all wealthy sprawl) people who could afford Soviet Union housing stock was Soviet Union housing stock was villas, development around cities in the constructed in the “Brezhnev constructed the became “Brezhnev green inzones common period” (1965-1982) period” practice. (1965-1982) Growing demand for private house ownership resulted The scale and speed of The scale and speed of in sprawling suburban construction developed at that construction developed at that settlements. time is still operational. time is still operational. Federal Service for Land Cadastre of Russia states that the area of built-up land in the country grew from 30 to 54 thousand sq. km in 1990-1999. This means that the rate of territorial expansion of the built environment during that decade With the fallcity of the1990s Sovietonward Union, With thealone fall ofisthe Soviet Union, Postsoviet comparable with that of the rising levels of car ownership the rising levels of car ownership previous hundreds of years of (suburban and an emerging class of wealthy and an emerging class of[Golubchikov wealthy Russian history. O., sprawl) who could afford villas, people people 2004] who could afford villas, development around cities in the development around cities in the green zones became common green zones became common practice. Growing demand for practice. Growing demand for private house ownership resulted private house ownership resulted in sprawling suburban in sprawling suburban settlements. settlements. Federal Service for Land Cadastre of Russia states that the area of built-up land in the country grew from 30 to 54 thousand sq. km in 1990-1999. This means that the rate of territorial expansion of the built environment during that decade alone is comparable with that of previous hundreds of years of M2RU Russian history. [Golubchikov O.,

Federal Service for Land Cadastre of Russia states that the area of built-up land in the country grew from 30 to 54 thousand sq. km in 1990-1999. This means that the rate of territorial expansion of the built environment during that decade alone is comparable with that of previous hundreds of years of Russian history. [Golubchikov O.,

M2R prologue

DIFFERENCES & SIMILARITIES OF THE RUSSIAN MARKET The Dutch and the Russian market for planning and architecture services have a few things in common but otherwise vary greatly. This does not mean that Dutch expertise is not useful, but it means that it needs to be adjusted to local conditions to serve its purpose successfully.

SIMILARITIES ...in the architecture market As in the Netherlands the Russian real estate market is dominated by a number of developers that usually do big projects (50.000 to 600.000 m2 GFA). Apart from a number of them that are active all across Russia or the European part of Russia, there are also sizable development companies that operate more locally in every larger city. There is a high degree use of prefabricated materials. However the quality and specs greatly differ and so does the expertise on the construction site then assembling the elements. Often the result is less satisfying than in the Netherlands. Developers tend to realize lifestyle environments around specific topics chosen.

...in the planning market The cities play a strong role in urban planning, via their general plans they define general development directions. However, a lack of professionalism and expertise on the side of the local planning authorities often does not lead to the results envisioned. Private developers engage in urban planning on the level of area development. Often this then is part of the overall branding of an area. There are strong and formalized legal procedures that also involve the public in the form of statutory public consultations, especially for the bigger planning frameworks.

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RUSSIAN MARKET CONTEXT

DIFFERENCES ...in the architecture market The typological variety of buildings is smaller than in the Netherlands and a mix of high and low types barely exists. Instead either projects with very urban typologies (perimeter blocks, highrise) or with suburban to rural types (row houses, single family houses, cottages) are being realized. Especially outside central areas of cities, developers realize entire micro districts, including provision of basic community infrastructure Many developers do not have long standing experience in the market and therefore often lack the experience in decision making within projects The division of the implementation process into a design and construction implementation phase that usually have separate architectural practices to work on often hampers delivery quality. Few quality securing tools from the side of the public sector when developers implement projects.

MYTHS

There are some myths circulating outside Russia about working as architect and planner here: There is no such thing as self-censorship in informal talks. Business partners from private and public sector do not hide their opinions and usually are well and broadly informed. Particularly in urban planning projects the local population actively participates and states its opinion, often with fierce conviction and against the political establishment. Politics try more and more to accommodate these opinions. There is a big and active scene of activists around urban questions. The usually involve themselves whether or not they are asked and typically are very well informed about latest developments worldwide in their field of expertise. The Russian consumer did not have time to develop an equally refined knowledge about what the housing market could offer. Instead people are still rooted in the Soviet tradition of â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;being given a houseâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, meaning that many still feel they need to be happy to have something at all.

...in the planning market Planning is very technically driven and focusing on target numbers. Quality objectives are underrepresented in the planning system. the same is true for the scene of professionals. Creative urban designers are the exception, urban planners with economic or geographic background are the norm. There is little continuity in urban planning and urban plans are often used as tools in political fights. Due to their history and a uniform planning regime Russian cities all face more or less similar problems but nevertheless there seems little collaboration between cities in solving them collectively

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Nevertheless, Russia offers interesting opportunities for Dutch expertise and operating in Russia at present often is valued highly by clients.

M2R prologue

A DIFFICULT MARKET, BUT STILL A MARKET! Since starting the market research in the end of 2013, the market in Russia, particularly for foreign competitors has drastically changed. The Russian economy has slipped into a veritable crisis, the Russian Ruble has lost almost half of its value and with the conflict in Eastern Ukraine and Crimea a degree of alienation between Western Europe and Russia has taken place. However, any crisis should be seen as a challenge and opportunity equally.

Source: http://www.themoscowtimes.com/ upload/iblock/598/5555-20-BUILDING-Yevgeny-Razumny-_-Vedomosti.jpg

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RUSSIAN MARKET CONTEXT

Despite sanctions and an economic slowdown, it is by no means such that the domestic Russian market has collapsed entirely. There are clear signs of crisis but there is also sustained demand, especially in second and third tier cities that are only in the process of catching up with Moscow and St. Petersburg when it comes to providing better urban environments and housing. These markets are much less dependent on foreign investment than the big two and investment here comes largely from the local population that is buying for its own use. But also in the two largest cities some market segments such as housing, urban planning and landscape design still experience sustained demand. The central government - even though short on funds - also seeks to support urban development and the construction market in introducing tools to get citizens on the property ladder. Buyers get discounted loans or loans with less liens. An increasing number of cities and political leaders understands that making their city attractive is of crucial importance in the inner Russian battle for talent but also for international investment. More and more cities use the cycles of renewal of their regional plans, general plans or local plans as well as larger events to introduce a more quality driven way of urban development. With a widespread lack of experience in quality based urban development plans, this opens opportunities for Dutch expertise, especially in collaborating with the big planning institutes that are inherited from Soviet times more recently need to operate as commercially operating firms. With the double crisis around Russia that we are currently experiencing came a series of risks and

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problems that require special attention: – the Russian ruble is highly volatile which is a commercial risk that, especially for long term projects needs to be dealt with. Here contracts in other currencies or exchange rate insurances can be a solution. Depending on clients, this can come at a premium at the expense of ones own profit margins. – even though there is no open disadvantage to foreign practices, there might be a trend to favour Russian expertise over foreign for political reasons. – the current regime of sanctions against and of Russia could make it impossible to perform (some) services for Russian private and particularly public clients – obtaining visa has become an issue, especially with private sector client invitations that are often rejected by Russian consular services. – in case of legal disputes one cannot assume Russian courts will decide independently. Therefore it is advised to agree other mechanisms of conflict resolution, e.g. by private arbitrary courts. All of these issues have measures to mitigate them - either contractually or by means of involving Russian or foreign partners with experience in dealing with these issues but independent of whether they might be an issue or not, they have an impact on the way collaborations and projects need to be set up.

1. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

M2R research methodology

CITIES SELECTION PROCESS

What are the most interesting places to pitch for work out of an assumed group of about 30 cities? This market analysis aims to answer exactly that question! Russia often is reduced to Moscow and Saint Petersburg. They are the two administrative, economical and cultural capitals of Russia and naturally are markets that can be of interest to the Dutch planning and architecture disciplines. But these two cities house only about 1/8th of the population of Russia. Russia has another 14 cities larger than Amsterdam of which 10 have more than 1 million inhabitants - a market that is largely unknown to most westerners. These and a number of ‘special’ cities which are interesting out of other reasons. e.g. tourism, ressources or events, form the league the market research focusses on. Meanwhile in the «other Russia» there are many niches for urban specialists to fill. We analysed the most active cities by the level of their economic potential, desire of its citizens for urban environment transformations and accessibility to detect the TOP12 elaborated further.

MOSCOW ST.PETERSBURG

Population level MOSCOW ST.PETERSBURG City funds level

MOSCOW ST.PETERSBURG Number of universities

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CITIES SELECTION PROCESS

DATA RESEARCH Hard data + Soft data

4 LOCAL DEMAND FACTORS Economic potential + Desire for change + Accessibility + Urban Quality

TOP - 12 «OTHER» RUSSIAN CITIES Economic potential + Desire for change + Accessibility + Urban Quality

8 APPROPRIATE DUTCH COMPETENCES Strategic planning + Residential design + Sustainable mobility + Project management + Complex development + Complex re-development + Waterfront development + Inner city

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M2R research methodology

RESEARCH METHOD

Market research in developing markets such as in Russia cannot be done like market research in a mature economy where processes are formalized, a high degree of market transparency has been achieved and where the data available is more complete and verifiable. Getting to the bottom of market potential requires a different approach that helps these deficits and at the same time is capable of capturing what is emerging without it becoming a random exercise whithout any grounding.

Planned structure

Statistics Parameters Facts Indicators Raitings

HARD DATA

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RESEARCH METHOD

Citizen life

Opinions Special information Personal contacts Private initiatives

SOFT DATA

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The market analysis model we developed therefore combines the analysis of data available with other forms of evaluation of information available. In a subsequent step these two types of sources of information are weighted against each other, leading to a balanced picture of where opportunities lie. All information gathered and evaluated provided the basis for identifying the most interesting places to work for Dutch design consultancy expertise. In identifying these places we looked for the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;totalâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; picture, meaning that what hard data indicated had to be supported by soft information and the other way round. 23

M2R research methodology

RESEARCH FOCUS

The purpose of the research was an intermediation between russian demand for urban development and dutch supply of professional townplanning skills; and conversely - dutch demand for the newest urbanplanning ideas realization space and russian supply of immature urban territories, ready for transformation.

What the Dutch can offer In an economy in transition like the Russian one, one may well ask what the market actually is. It has not matured as in Western Europe and therefore the types of products different players offer vary greatly and on the level of decision making in Russia it often is not known what the market has to offer. Instead they usually refer to well known but largely outdated products rooted in the Soviet planning and architecture tradition. Following discussions with clients, government officials and professionals, the types of commissions Dutch architecture and planning professionals excel in the eyes of Russian market parties can be identified as: – Strategic planning: Development of framework masterplans that set out development directions – Waterfront development: water scape regeneration and (re-)connection of urban areas to water bodies – Inner city regeneration: Revitalising and repairing existing city cores – Residential design: design of mass market, especially mid market housing in larger complexes – Sustainable urban mobility: resolution of transport related problems – Complex development: Creation of mix use complexes introducing centralities in strategic locations – Redevelopment: reprogramming and rescue of urban brownfield – Project management: design, delivery & quality management processes Of course, this definition does not include all expertise that can be found within the Dutch planning and architecture sector and it is not meant to be exhaustive, but it leads to a selection of projects or project types where Dutch architects and urbanists stand a fair chance of excelling and competing in the market. In the market research these types of projects played a particularly important role when determining which places and markets are most interesting.

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RESEARCH FOCUS

STRATEGIC PLANNING

WATERFRONT DEVELOPMENT

RESIDENTIAL DESIGN

COMPLEX DEVELOPMENT

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INNER CITY

SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY

COMPLEX (RE) DEVELOPMENT

PROJECT MANAGEMENT

M2R research methodology

IDENTIFYING LOCAL DEMAND A market only emerges when supply and demand meet. Russian cities in the last years of the Soviet Union and the years after have suffered from a great lack of maintenance and replacement of existing infrastructure when outdated. Consequently the theoretical demand is huge and - if ever possible - it will take decades to help these deficits. The practical and real demand however is currently focussed on 4 basic aspects. Economic potential is an exploiting the full economic potential of Russian cities and fostering their economic development. To identify the economic potential of a city, the following aspects have been considered: – – – – – – – –

Rank in population Top Universities City Population Agglomeration population GDP per capita in rub Rank of airport(s) by passenger traffic Role as a centre Major events on the horizon

Desire for change & activity is a provision of adequate leisure, sports and recreation facilities and housing that reflect the diverse society Russia has become in the last decade compared to the uniformity of the Soviet Union but also the ‘drive’ a city has to change. Measuring these forces, these aspects have been analyzed: – Rank in most developed city – Density of city communities – Average size of city communities – Major events on the horizon – Places with high density of urban\cultural events – Interviews – Higher architectural education institutions

Accessibility is an increasing and improving accessibility to cities and within metropolitan areas to reduce the omnipresent traffic breakdowns and to allow for reduced travel times between metropolitan regions but also opening local societies to accepting people from elsewhere and actively working with them. Here we have anayised: – Rank in best city for doing business – Top visited cities, foreign tourism – Top visited cities, internal tourism – Rank of airport(s) by passenger traffic – Major events on the horizon – Places with high density of urban\cultural events

Urban quality is an improvement of the Quality of Life in cities, ranging from reduction of environmental pollution across human scale quarters to a stronger mix of uses. Here we have focused on the perception people have of a place and degrees of historical uniqueness: – Rank in best city for living rating – Rank in most attractive city rating – Rank according to citizens perception – Top visited cities, internal tourism – Top visited cities, foreign tourism – Historical cities

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IDENTIFYING LOCAL DEMAND

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ECONOMIC POTENTIAL

DESIRE FOR CHANGE & ACTIVITY

ACCESSIBILITY

URBAN QUALITY

M2R research methodology

GOAL

The market research as presented in this document therefore is a comprehensive document aiming at helping Dutch urban and architectural design expertise to understand the places and the market but also to serve as a kind of initial matchmaking, bringing together people. While it is titled market research, the purpose of this document is reaching much further. Market research as describing the market in an abstract and generic way is of limited value for the one that wants to enter a market. What is necessary is to have a good understanding of what the place is about, what is going on at the moment and what are big issues and topics on the horizon. This allows positioning oneself in the right way and coming prepared. This not only increases the chance of being considered a viable candidate to advise on a particular problem, it also saves time and investment entering a market necessarily asks for. Urban development in all its aspects is people business. In the hierarchical structure of Russia and its cities, this is even more true than in Western Europe. Therefore it is important to know the people that can help and â&#x20AC;&#x201C; if convinced â&#x20AC;&#x201C; can become public supporters of both, the Dutch party and what it stands for. The market research gives names that could be the first point of contact when developing a local network.

STRATEGIC PLANNING RESIDENTIAL DESIGN SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY PROJECT MANAGEMENT COMPLEX DEVELOPMENT COMPLEX (RE-)DEVELOPMENT WATERFRONT DEVELOPMENT INNER CITY

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GOAL

MATCH–MAKING

ECONOMIC POTENTIAL DESIRE FOR CHANGE & ACTIVITY ACCESSIBILITY

URBAN QUALITY

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2A. IDENTIFYING THE CITIES HARD DATA

M2R identifying cities

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HARD DATA

HARD DATA Hard data is information that has been gathered, assembled and evaluated in a consistent way. Typically hard data uses statistical information gathered by authorities, structured interviews and questionnaires with a high number of respondents. The data we used has either been pre-evaluated by those issuing the summary or we have evaluated the data ourselves. The sets of data utilized were selected in such a way that they allow for conclusions in relation to local demand for design consultancy services and what has been identified as ‘Dutch’ expertise. Next to data that gives an overview of market sizes (population numbers, growth expectations, development level…) the list of data sets used also contains the results of polls (business climate, quality of the urban environment, local happiness…). Among the hard data available for Russian cities there is firstly, a number of factors, wich define current ecomonical state of cities and their position in the country as the whole. Secondly, there was a number of attempts to rate Russian cities. Each rating has different focus and different set of parameters taken into account. Athough these ratings evaluated different factors, different number of cities, had different focus, some cities scored very high in all of the ratings. That was our starting point.

Following factors were selected: – – – – – –

city population agglomeration population GDP per capita real estate prices airport passenger traffic internal tourism

Following ratings were considered: – Integral rating of 100 largest cities (best cities to live in) in Russia – Rating of 164 cities (quality of urban environment) in Russia – 20 most developed cities – Best 30 cities for doing business in Russia – Opinion poll on whether people are happy with their cities

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M2R identifying cities

INDICATORS STRUCTURE

ECONOMIC POTENTIAL Ratings

Rank in population [1] Rank in best city for living [2]

Statistics

City population

Agglomeration population [2]

Additional facts

Role as a centre

Major events on the horizon

Rank in most attractive city rating [3] GDP per capita in rub. [3]

DESIRE FOR CHANGE Ratings

Rank in population [1] Rank in best city for living [2]

Statistics

City population

Agglomeration population [2]

Additional facts

Role as a centre

Major events on the horizon

Rank in most attractive city rating [3] GDP per capita in rub. [3]

ACCESSIBILITY Ratings

Rank in population [1] Rank in best city for living [2]

Statistics

City population

Agglomeration population [2]

Additional facts

Role as a centre

Major events on the horizon

Rank in most attractive city rating [3] GDP per capita in rub. [3]

URBAN QUALITY Ratings

Rank in population [1] Rank in best city for living [2]

Statistics

City population

Agglomeration population [2]

Additional facts

Role as a centre

Major events on the horizon

Rank in most attractive city rating [3] GDP per capita in rub. [3]

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HARD DATA

Each indicator was composed of several data parameters given in a following table.

Rank in most developed city [4]

Rank in best city for doing business [5]

Prices for real estate, 1000rub/sq.m [4]

Rank of airport(s) by passanger traffic [5]

Higher architectural education institutions [9]

Historical cities [13]

Cities mentioned by Anton Finogenov

Cities mentioned by Svyatoslav Murunov

Places with high urban/ cultural events density

Rank in most developed city [4]

Rank in best city for doing business [5]

Rank according to citizens perception [6]

Top visited cities, foreign tourism [11]

Top visited cities, internal tourism [6]

Top Universities [8]

Prices for real estate, 1000rub/sq.m [4]

Rank of airport(s) by passanger traffic [5]

Density of city communities

Average strength of city communities

Higher architectural education institutions [9]

Historical cities [13]

Cities mentioned by Anton Finogenov

Cities mentioned by Svyatoslav Murunov

Places with high urban/ cultural events density

Rank in most developed city [4]

Rank in best city for doing business [5]

Rank according to citizens perception [6]

Top visited cities, foreign tourism [11]

Top visited cities, internal tourism [6]

Prices for real estate, 1000rub/sq.m [4]

Rank of airport(s) by passanger traffic [5]

Higher architectural education institutions [9]

Historical cities [13]

Cities mentioned by Anton Finogenov

Cities mentioned by Svyatoslav Murunov

Places with high urban/ cultural events density

Rank in most developed city [4]

Rank in best city for doing business [5]

Rank according to citizens perception [6]

Top visited cities, foreign tourism [11]

Top visited cities, internal tourism [6]

Top Universities [8]

Prices for real estate, 1000rub/sq.m [4]

Rank of airport(s) by passanger traffic [5]

Density of city communities

Average strength of city communities

Higher architectural education institutions [9]

Historical cities [13]

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Rank according to citizens perception [6]

Top visited cities, foreign tourism [11]

Top visited cities, internal tourism [6]

Top Universities [8]

Density of city communities

Average strength of city communities

Density of city communities

Cities mentioned by Anton Finogenov

Cities mentioned by Svyatoslav Murunov

Top Universities [8] Average strength of city communities

Places with high urban/ cultural events density

M2R identifying cities

INDICATORS REFERENCES

[1] Russian cities by population http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Russia_by_population

[2] Integral rating of hundred largest cities (best cities to live in) in Russia (Top - 100) in 2012 by Urbanica http://urbanica.spb.ru/?p=3461&lang=en

[3] Rating of 164 cities (quality of urban environment) in Russia 2012 - by Russian Union of Engineers and others http://www.российский-союз-инженеров.рф/рейтинг-российских-городов/

[4] 20 most developed cities – Russian Reporter http://rusrep.ru/article/2012/05/29/goroda

[5] Best 30 cities for doing business in Russia – Forbes http://www.forbes.ru/rating/30-luchshih-gorodov-dlya-biznesa-2013/2013?full=1&table=1

[6] Opinion poll on whether people are happy with their cities – Rosgosstrah http://www.rgs.ru/media/CSR/Life_quality_by_cities.pdf

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HARD DATA

[7]

Russia’s 58 busiest airports by passenger traffic in 2013

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_the_busiest_airports_in_Russia

[8]

Top 15 Russian Universities

http://raexpert.ru/rankingtable/?table_folder=/university/2013/main

[9]

Higher architectural education institutions

http://www.institute-catalogue.ru/rus/specialty/27.html

[10] Top visited cities, internal tourism http://www.interfax.ru/print.asp?sec=1481&id=316367

[11] Top visited cities, foreign tourism http://www.tourprom.ru/news/print/23704/

[12] Special tourist economic zones http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Туристско-рекреационная_зона

[13] List of 41 historical city in Russia https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Список_исторических_городов_России

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M2R identifying cities

ECONOMIC POTENTIAL DATABASE

RANK IN POPULATION (p.)

AGGLOMERATION POPULATION (mln p.)

GDP PER CAPITA, (Rub)

REAL ESTATE PRICES (1000 rub/ sq.m)

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HARD DATA

RANK OF AIRPORTS by passenger traffic

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MAJOR EVENTS ON HORIZON

ROLE AS A CENTRE

TOP UNIVERSITIES

M2R identifying cities

DESIRE FOR CHANGE DATABASE

RANK IN POPULATION (p.)

MAJOR EVENTS ON HORIZON

RANK IN MOST DEVELOPED CITY

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HARD DATA

RANK OF AIRPORTS by passenger traffic

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MENTIONED BY A. FINOGENOV

MENTIONED BY S.MURUNOV

RANK OF COMMUNITIES DENSITY

RANK OF COMMUNITIES NUMBER

M2R identifying cities

ACCESSIBILITY DATABASE

RANK IN BEST CITY FOR DOING BUSINESS

TOP VISITED CITIES, foreign tourism

TOP VISITED CITIES, internal tourism

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HARD DATA

RANK OF AIRPORTS by passenger traffic

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MAJOR EVENTS ON HORIZON

M2R identifying cities

URBAN QUALITY DATABASE

RANK IN BEST CITY FOR LIVING

RANK IN MOST ATTRACTIVE CITY

RANK IN ATTRACTIVE CITIES (by citizens perception)

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HARD DATA

TOP VISITED CITIES, foreign tourism

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TOP VISITED CITIES, internal tourism

HISTORICAL CITIES

SPECIAL TOURISTIC ZONES

M2R identifying cities

RESULTS FOR INDICATORS

ECONOMIC POTENTIAL

DESIRE FOR CHANGE

A小CESSIBILITY

URBAN QUALITY

TOP-11

TOP-16

TOP-11

TOP-8

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HARD DATA

TOTAL RESULT

CITIES MENTIONED

# OF TIMES

YEKATERINBURG NOVOSIBIRSK KAZAN SOCHI KRASNODAR ROSTOV-ON-DON NIZHNY NOVGOROD KALININGRAD VLADIVOSTOK IRKUTSK UFA SAMARA KRASNOYARSK OMSK YAROSLAVL CHELYABINSK VORONEZH KHABAROVSK TOMSK IZHEVSK

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4 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

2B. IDENTIFYING THE CITIES SOFT DATA

M2R identifying cities

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SOFT DATA

SOFT DATA Soft data is information that has been gathered in a less structured way. It neither is representative nor completely objective. In difference to hard data however, it allows covering a much wider field and, in dialogue, gather a more complete set of information that is embedded in the context it has been communicated. Typically soft data is gathered through interviews with a number of prepared questions. The choice of people questioned has a big impact on the answers one gets and a balanced and therefore tangible overall result only emerges through a series of interviews of individuals that understand the subject but come from different backgrounds. For the purpose of this market research we have chosen to focus on professionals that are involved in urban development in the widest sense. Ranging from the traditional urban planner across community activators to politically engaged persons have been interrogated. The interviews presented in this document show a representative selection of answers and comments the team has received in more than a dozen interviews conducted (both for the raiting – with russian urban experts and for cities profiles – with city experts). We were interested to understand which cities have the biggest potential for actively developing in the future, but also which cities are already today capable of formulating their demand, have started that discussion.

Mapping opportunities – – – – –

places, where big events are happening special zones (touristic, economic etc.) places with big governmental investment programs places with big planning activity places with high intellectual capacity

Mapping special conditions – places with special climate conditions – historical places

Mapping activity – places with high density of urban\cultural events – places, mentioned by experts as “active“

Photo from interview with Eduard Kubensky – «Tatlin» magazine editor-in-chief. Yekaterinburg, 2015

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M2R identifying cities

INTERVIEW EXTRACTS ANTON FINOGENOV «Urbanica», Director St.Petersburg

1. Which of the Russian cities is currently taking the lead in formulating urban agenda (apart from Moscow and St.Petersburg)?

2. Which forums\events related to urban development that happened around Russia were memorable?

This is a hard question if we speak exactly about urban agenda …. It’s one thing to attempt urban projects implementation, and the other thing is a real startup of a systematic action program. There was an example of Perm, but the trend is downward, as I understand…

If talking about any event, Vladivostok with the APEC SUMMIT 2012, Kazan with The Universiade 2013 and Yekaterinburg with SCO SUMMIT 2009 Made themselves visible.

There are urban centre s and regions that pay attention to urban planning. Among them Moscow and St.Petersburg are the most obvious, as the problem of agglomeration is especially acute there.

If we talk about Russian cities, some processes of urban transformation begin in cities of FIFA World Cup. .. because they already have some tasks for sites construction (not only of a sport infrastructure, but also for transport infrastructure). These are 8 cities - ... but I can’t emphasize any of them yet as long as the process is in the initial stage. Some processes were in Tomsk, led by Kazmin and Gradirovsky, including Tomsk agglomeration and urban transformation of the city of Tomsk. But it hadn’t materialized into action.

On the subject of urban planning the events have a local character. There was an interesting urban development project implemented in Irkutsk, named “130 QUARTER”, but it is rather an event in the new for Russian market sphere of peripheral cities development. As about urban planning…the space is a vacuum. All the events organized are quite local in my opinion. I participated in winter school organized by the National Guild of Urban Planners, it was something like a series of conferences. Usually they were held in Omsk, as I understand it, this year the school will be in Yekaterinburg. Anyway it’s a sort of “local hobnob”. There is also a “Baikal University” in Irkutsk, but it is also a local event. From global - I was at the Sochi Economic Forum, which was held in September, 2013. But, there’s was just one section curated by Minregion and somehow linked to the urban development. There are some events all over the country curated by Minregion, but the most regular ones are held in Moscow.There are some exhibitions on urban development themes such as Innoprom, again held in Tomsk, “SmartCiy” in Kazan… there was a forum in

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SOFT DATA

CITIES MENTIONED WITH

Sochi, Tomsk, Irkutsk, Vladivostok, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Kazan, Ufa, Krasnodar

CITIES MENTIONED WITH

Omsk, Surgut, Khanty-Mansiysk, Tyumen, Khabarovsk Yekaterinburg. But all these events are mostly about innovation development. They pay attention to the urban environment as it is one of the key factors to keep innovators within our country. It is worth noting, especially in the last three years, that the topic is now drawing much more attention, but this is not to say that some radically new activities appeared. But the most serious level it still Moscow UrbanForum. Yes, there is a good level of international experts, mayors of large cities and Moscow government were densely involvedâ&#x20AC;Ś but the format is still for showing off...There was also a FarEast Forum held for several years. 3. What kind of projects cities are looking into now? What is hot on the drawing boards? Evidently there will be some actions in the cities of World Cup - 2018. There is some activity now in Irkutsk, Tomsk and Vladivostok (associated with the extension of the embankment line). The topic is usually emerges in the regions where the new governor is appointed.

Perhaps an urgent topic would be a question how to deal with Sochi Olympic legacy. Most likely it will end by a number of facilities transported in other cities, plus a gambling status zone designation for the Olympic Park ... but I hope something positive will

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happen on this subject. Maybe theyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ll try to think about the question in the logic of urban planning & strategy, and not only of utilitarian economic efficiency. 4. Which cities are working towards formulating their urban development policy? Working on strategic plans? Our strategic plan is the reincarnation of an active process of strategic planning documents preparation in the mid-2000s...Perm attempt for masterplan was really something new, and itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s still something new.

I do not see any new in all these strategic plans, even with any kind of spatial reference. The first strategic plan in our country was made in St. Petersburg with the participation of the Leontiev Centre way back in 1996. There is nothing fundamentally new added in the last 18 years. 5. Which cities envisage big planning & architectural projects in the nearest future? Hold competitions? The largest development project in Tatarstan is Kazan SmartCity, they have really begun to build it! Many projects are being implemented in the Moscow suburbs,

M2R identifying cities involving not only housing, but also business property... One of the largest development projects in Russia is a new business area in Grozniy. In all the cities the stadiums are erected near the waterfronts, so it will inevitably cause some reconstruction and the creation of new public spaces. But the form and kind of implementation for that is still an open question. Perhaps the first city to propel the question to the discussion level is Kaliningrad. The other cities still haven’t done this, but it’s a matter of time. Yeah, there can be listed Nizhny Novgorod - the confluence of the Oka and Volga … It may really give an impulse to the creation of new centre s. For instance, in Kaliningrad there was a serious discussion about how to create a stadium as an object integrated in the existing housing rather than a traditional “object in the park”. What is about Omsk, it has a very little lobbying power; there is a very weak governor there ... unfortunately, the quality of the projects in our country directly depends on it.

The potential of Vladivostok can be explained by several reasons. First, it’s a seaside city. And these are seaside cities which mostly become the centre s of growth. Second, the city is closer to the capitals of the Asia-Pacific region; and finally it’s more southward so the climate in Vladivostok is more interesting, milder than in similar city of Khabarovsk. It was now invested with a lot of money, so that two giant bridges [Golden Bridge and Russian Bridge - MLAb +], a Campus [FarEast Federal University campus on Russkiy Island - MLAb +], some public spaces were constructed. In my opinion we should continue to strengthen this point, aim to create a metropolitan city in the Far East, which would be able somehow to attract residents of the Far East. Obviously it hardly competes with Korean, Japanese, Chinese cities, but the difference could be not by 5 times smaller. Vladivostok really has a potential, as it has always been such “trade-and-creative” city. All the industry was rather quickly imploded there way back in 1990-s.

It is clear that there are some relatively wealthy cities of Ufa and Kazan. There are some northern cities such as Tyumen, Khanty-Mansiysk, Surgut - there is always some construction activity there. Something is going to happen Krasnoyarsk, because of the next Universiade. 6. Which city do you personally find most interesting as a planner? I look at this question from the complex positions: firstly certain positions related to strategic spatial expediency.

Anyway we have to create some points of growth in sub-regions, so that we would have neither one, nor two, but a plenty of capitals. In this case Vladivostok looks very promising Vladivostok has more potential now even if compared with Khabarovsk, which until Vladivostok investment for APEC Summit 2012 was even more well-designed. 54

Vladivostok view at the night

In the past it was very much tied to the military complex, there was a navy base there with lots of military units. So they had to rebuild their city, and herewith it was quite rich. It was 2006 when I firstly came to Vladivostok, and it seemed to me so...dynamic, buy-sell, trade, port, you know, even at that times. In my belief this is the base for creation a special creativity and “metropolitaness”. Plus, the relief with its hills is outstanding. Buildings, even those miserable soviet “nine-floors” were built according to the relief, so that it has created… such a San-Francisco spirit during the night, you know....the lights on the hills; all that rises to a height of 100 meters - it forms a special image for the city. I think it’s important, because MLA+

SOFT DATA 80% of our cities unfortunately give an impression of replicable standard Soviet Grad. There is something in Vladivostok, which clearly distinguishes it. There’s a potential in Irkutsk, firstly because of the Baikal brand. In our country there are 3 or 4 known brands, and there are only two territorial ones, generally speaking. They are Kamchatka and Baikal. Ask a foreigner, where to go except Moscow, St. Petersburg and the Golden Ring, he would point - Kamchatka, Baikal, maybe Volga - that’s all. All the other has a local character. So, that is the first point. Second, the flow of foreign tourists to Irkutsk is consistently high enough (in spite of all the infrastructure complexities, a long expensive flights, undeveloped hotel infrastructure, etc.). Plus there’s still a not completely killed historical wooden housing in centre here. Something could be done with this background. There is some potential there. Novosibirsk - yes, of course. Because in fact it is a capital of such a large (in russian scales) by population, but spatially compact sub-region. Total population of the region is 6.7 million people, and Novosibirsk is an obvious capital for it with an education sector, developed sector of research. The Academic town of Novosibirsk is one of the top three in the country. Yes, I believe in Novosibirsk. If we move further. Omsk not very believable. Tyumen - is also too artificial... too extreme northern conditions. That is, if all the investments, which were made in Surgut, Khanty-Mansiysk, Tyumen, were concentrated in one city, it would be possible to build something artificial, like Dubai. And since the investments and efforts are decentralized, they are lacking. As for me, a vivid image has Khanty-Mansiysk, as a town created from scratch ...

In the Urals, and in all this vast region I believe most in Yekaterinburg.

where some events are regularly occur. Moving on, it is clear about Kazan and Ufa - they are the capitals of national republics, so they have the motive. These republics are always payed with attention by the federal centre . At the same time there is a factor of multiculturalism, which creates the right atmosphere. Kazan and Ufa are not “somewhat” Bashkir-Tatar towns, but absolutely multicultural cities, notably, they are multicultural by centuries. And there’s also a powerful educational sector there, while not only for the titular nation. Actually Kazan is already the capital: there were so many investments, so many events held including the anniversary, Universiade, and now the World Cup, so, in fact it is already the capital city. Ufa as well, but to a lesser extent.

The problem is with the central Russia, as there are Moscow and St. Petersburg, which are bloating … One can say «bloating» about Krasnodar, but it’s not a very good example as it’s more like a «bloating village», In terms of urban planning Krasnodar is an example how we shouldn’t do. It grows very.. very rapidly. Probably it is much more a capital of the Southern region (and Caucasus as well) than Rostov-on-Don. There’s something going to happen there. Now I really believe in Sochi, just because such a volume of investments was put in infrastructure, such a great PR scale was done and because it has such a unique combination of mild climatic condition and mountain cluster. There is a perspective for Sochi to become a capital of the South. In the European part of the country I can’t even notice anything else.

As the capital, they has already begun building a City with skyscrapers. And besides not because of some project, but on the basis of commercial logic. The city hosts international events, there is the third largest modern international airport there. It’s a quite an interesting city,

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M2R identifying cities

INTERVIEW EXTRACTS

SVYATOSLAV MURUNOV

Centre of applied urbanistics in MSSES, Director Moscow 1. Which of the Russian cities is currently taking the lead in formulating urban agenda (apart from Moscow and St.Petersburg)?

2. Which forums\events related to urban development that happened around Russia were memorable?

Ufa and Perm. Despite of a fact that they gave up the idea of Masterplan, there are some groups and subjects maturing, who try to restart some local activity. Samara, even after the chief architect, a sensible man, dismissal; Voronezh!

I have visited many activities this year, more than 10 specialized actually: it is clear that from the point of topics raised and the number of invited experts Moscow Urban Forum is beyond competition. There are two architectural festivals in Voronezh - first, “Zodchestvo Chernozemya” and the second, informal, is “Archidrom”.

All the processes are now boiling in Voronezh! In Voronezh they also have different entities that act in parallel (they don’t know each other, but we know all of them); Murmansk, Ulyanovsk (there is a vigorous activity now in Ulyanovsk, organized by senior architects, who say: “there’s nobody here - it’s necessary to cultivate something - we are losing our young people”); Izhevsk - well, Izhevsk is generally a very correct story, as the association of the city has integrated into the city management as a consulting body. This was just the very base for Izhevsk Urban School formation. Yaroslavl, where the Head of the Department of Architecture is now ready to withdraw an urban activity on a governor level for administrative sources attraction. And there are also guys here, who boost a creative cluster Textil [more information on http://textil.in/ - MLA+]. Omsk is moving, Krasnoyarsk is moving, Tomsk is moving a lot. All Moscow suburbs have been moving now a lot. 56

«Zodchestvo Chernozemya» Forum in Voronezh, 2015

Nizhny Novgorod - there were several either urban or architectural events there; in NN they have activists, inner experts, but in Business as well as in the Administration there is an absolute lack of interested people! There was Izhevsk forum about the city. There is a good association in Yekaterinburg namely a very active developers community. I was on their local gatherings, called

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SOFT DATA

CITIES MENTIONED WITH

Ufa, Voronezh, Samara, Murmansk, Ulyanovsk, Izhevsk, Yaroslavl, Tomsk, Krasnoyarsk, Omsk, Yekaterinburg, Kazan, Kaliningrad

«smart environment», and saw developers, architects, planners and local lunatics talking about the city, notably on a qualitative level, without any fights. 3. What kind of projects cities are looking into now? What is hot on the drawing boards? It’s determined by the audience. We are making the research of urban communities across the country, in every city we are building inventories, add them to the common map, and conduct a survey.

Problem of communities is very simple: they don’t know how to grow, how to commucate with the authorities, how to build relationship with the business. The problem of authorities is the opposite - many authorities are afraid to raise bottom-up activities because, in their opinion, any initiative that comes not from above only, but from below - it is a very dangerous path. For example, there won’t be an UrbanForum in Kazan , because the local president administration is sure that as soon as they start to analyze city problems... a grab bag of problems would emerge.

and Izhevsk, there is a current request for education. They think: “let’s educate, hold forums, festivals and conferences, arrange projects, let’s try something to do something elsewise for the city…” Often they start with public spaces: parks, squares, embankments; there is a large request for public art - how to change something quickly in urban environment with the help of artists. Developers now also have a different request. In large cities developers demand history before the project - functionality, how should the courtyard look like, what is a social scenario of a project ... plus a specific request for the establishment of community centre s in the existing residential complexes. 4. Which cities are working towards formulating their urban development policy? Working on strategic plans? A very illustrative project was in Makhachkala, namely Kaspiysk - Makhachkala agglomeration. The president wished, found money for the early stages, but then all it failed, because the request was not of a good quality. Urban planning policies should be based on the specific city subjects, on the clear objectives of these subjects.

In our country there are no fully fledged cities, because city subjects are absent.

If the administration is adequate, such as in Ulyanovsk

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M2R identifying cities For example, the citizens are absolutely not articulated and it won’t happen yet as long as we don’t create THE CITY. Until we create urban network models Community/ Business/ Рower. It is difficult even to talk about urban policy. Urban planning policies at this stage can be such tactical ones: to try to detect their subjects through urban environment changes and some projects in the city. To create a long strategy, all the actors should be detected. That’s what we are working on. A qualitative inquiry for urban planning is only in Ufa. here is a source of energy there, as well as in Kazan, which is their national identity. Kazan and Ufa have such an effect, which is not typical for other Russian cities. There is a special national identity, which wants to be retained and understood. The physical space - city and architecture - could be the platform for that.

«Religions Dialogue» Youth Forum in Ufa

there. A city is as interesting as many subjects are determined there. If there were, for instance, association of manufacturers, association of small businesses, some urban communities network, communities of city activists of different ages (to represent different generations), an adequate authorities with different stakeholders (representatives of federal, municipal authorities, regional authorities), inner community of experts in the city - and all of them stopped grabbing the biggest piece of the pie, but began to negotiate - such a city begins to change immediately. At least it begins changing in terms of internal communication, the culture of dialogue appeares and the city starts a valid request on education and urban environment. This attracts normal experts, and therefore the problems of a city begin to be recognized and worked on. 7. Which city do you personally find most interesting as a planner? I like multi-layered cities, where a historical centre survived somehow. The more such centre s a city has, the better it is, because one can experience more of different meanings, functions, scenarios. I like cities of a several stages of industry, preserved (by architecture and planning) and integrated in an urban fabric; cities with complex landscapes; finally the cities, which with all this represent a kind of a one-piece construction: St. Petersburg, Kaliningrad, Yaroslavl Centre , Arkhangelsk and historical part of Samara.

5. Which cities envisage big planning & architectural projects in the nearest future? Hold competitions? Yaroslavl, Murmansk, Ulyanovsk, Voronezh, Izhevsk, Tomsk, Krasnoyarsk and Kaliningrad under the question. In Krasnoyarsk, there is a large book fair planned in Krasnoyarsk (we enter the cities through such projects). At this fair the topic of urban communities and urban development will be raised. Art-platform «TEXTIL» in Yaroslavl

6. Which factors can you name that influence the city development? Cities shoot ahead, if there is a qualitative dialog starts

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SOFT DATA

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M2R identifying cities

INTERVIEW EXTRACTS YANA GOLUBEVA

ÂŤMLA+ Saint PetersburgÂť, Director St.Petersburg

1. Which of the Russian cities is currently taking the lead in formulating urban agenda (apart from Moscow and St.Petersburg)? Today we see several cities arising in intellectual urban realm, and for me these are Kazan, Yekaterinburg and at some point Ufa. I think this is linked to the political leadership, as soon as politicians understand that they need to promote their city, that they need to fight for their citizens, that they want to have good cities for living, they start talking about all the urban related issues. 2. Which forums\events related to urban development that happened around Russia were memorable? I think it is understood now that we need to discuss urban issues and each city is doing this differently. The groups of people were formed that are now becoming professionals in organizing these events. For example, those people who organized Moscow urban forum, now started spreading their influence on other cities. At the same time the cities themselves organize the forums because they don`t want to do business as usual but also want to start discussing critical issues. Recently I have been at such forum in Voronezh, a lot things are happening in Ufa, the forum in Tolyatti is happening regularly, new competition is now being prepared in Samara, more and more cities want to look at the development process from societal angle: what is public benefit? In 2015, Kazan held a very interesting competition, 60

which was focused on the inner city lakes system. The fact that inner city regeneration was put into such focus is exemplary and telling about the city ambition. I believe all cities in Russia should look at their inner city opportunities for redevelopment and stop the sprawling process.

Presentation of MLA+ project for Lakes Kaban cometition in Kazan, 2015

3. What kind of projects cities are looking into now? What is hot on the drawing boards? Nowadays every architectural and planning activity in each city is done according to the usual legislation and to the usual procedure that was inherited from the Soviet Union. At the same time what is interesting is that people start understanding that is not enough, that prescribed procedures do not deliver the required quality, they don`t tackle all the aspects that need to be tackled. The cities started to have the demand for Visions, they want to understand what the cities should be focusing on, which directions they should be going, at the same time they start looking at other systems they have in the cities, for example green networks, waterwaysâ&#x20AC;Ś so they want to get away from the traditional developments per MLA+

SOFT DATA

CITIES MENTIONED WITH

Kazan, Yekaterinburg, Ufa, Voronezh, Tomsk, Irkutsk, Novosibirsk, Vladivostok, Kaliningrad

area and more look on the connected structures.

And what is really hot on the drawing boards right now and every city is busy with is public space redevelopment. Many-many projects happened around parks, around squares, around streets, streets become more pedestrian, cycle networks are being introduced, and I think this is a very big niche, so there is a market for that. 4. Which cities are working towards formulating their urban development policy? Working on strategic plans? All of the cities are still in a process of questioning what needs to be done, they have not decided the directionâ&#x20AC;Ś Moscow as the strongest intellectual player starts to formulate agenda for everybody else, they are busy now with an experiment of creating new type of residential neighborhoods based on block structure, they are also trying different street sections, and I think these will set the trends for the other cities. Locally Ufa is trying now hard to establish some specific rules. Interesting thing is that each city in Russia can now establish their own planning rules and regulations and they are starting thinking into that. 5. Which cities envisage big planning & architectural projects in the nearest future? M2RU

To me the cities which have the biggest problems actually think about establishing some big planning and architectural things: to hold some big competitions. From my personal experience and from the people I met in recent years I see that Tomsk and Irkutsk will be looking at the city centre s, for Kaliningrad and Samara this will also be the hot topic. Tomsk is going to look at the embankment systems. A lot of cities look at the embankment systems, for example, Kazan is now working on several river embankments. Of course, all the cities are doing projects which are linked with the World Cup, and that is Nizhny Novgorod, Rostov on Don and others. Around those World Cup stadiums big neighborhoods will be developing and I think it is quite an ongoing project. 6. Which city do you personally find most interesting (as a planner)? For me the most interesting city is the city I have not been to. In Russian context it is Vladivostok, last years we were involved in planning issues around Vladivostok on several occasions, but until not did not have a chance to go there. I see something is happening there, I want to go there next. Another city on my plan is Novosibirsk, I am also very curious about this city, how it grew from three different industrial satellites into one big city that now is a centre of the region with a population of 5 million people. And from those I have been to, I think the favorite is Kaliningrad, it has history, interesting traces of different historical layers, and at the same time it has the sea nearby which is a big quality. 61

M2R identifying cities

INTERVIEW EXTRACTS

ILYA ZALIVUKHIN

«Yauzaproject», Director Moscow

1. Which of the Russian cities is currently taking the lead in formulating urban agenda (apart from Moscow and St.Petersburg)? Only those, where I appear :) We all know the story of the Perm ... no one speaks about it anymore... This is very characteristic, because silence - it is also a sign of paying attention to the thing. Masterplan was too imposed from the top, it had no internal roots, was too perfect. Now the activity is visible in Yekaterinburg. It feels like a different world there – beyond the Urals. With Akademichesky Project they tried by all means, but it did not work out. Here we see how by landing on our soil the perfect costume cracked. Following this project, I realized that urban planning is not the images and the design, but it’s a system of rules, guidelines that should meet economy and include implementation procedures. Recently in Yekaterinburg, I had to talk for 3 hours to explain simple rules of the compact city. Everywhere it’s a proved phenomenon, but in Russia you still need to prove the obvious. I hope Yekaterinburg will focus on developing its city centre. Here the municipality should act as developer and take the city as the project. Outside of Yekaterinburg I have not seen much, but it is worth mentioning the Moscow region. The region is now being promoted as the place for living, the governor Vorobyev emphasises it by saying: «we do 62

not opt for the construction of square meters; we opt for the creation of cities». This ring around Moscow has potential to become vital alternative to the Moscow city itself and I am personally working on it right now, being part of multiple coordination bodies. We are trying to create a structure in which the normal specialists could find their place. 2. Which forums\events related to urban development that happened around Russia were memorable? I remember Izhevsk. Everyone went there. I was not there, so I do not know the results. When I come to a place, I try to come up with a draft strategy for the city.

All the cities that we have need a serious study, to establish a system, a framework for further work. 3. What kind of projects cities are looking into now? What is hot on the drawing boards? Spatial strategies that we do for some of the Moscow re-

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SOFT DATA

CITIES MENTIONED WITH Yekaterinburg, Izhevsk, Voronezh, Vladivostok

CITIES MENTIONED WITH Perm

gion cities I do not see being done elsewhere, because this stage of work does not exist in the official planning documentation.

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In general, the older and the worst condition the city is â&#x20AC;&#x201C; the more interesting it is for transformation.

4. Which cities are working towards formulating their urban development policy? Working on strategic plans? None. I do not know such cities. I believe that the authorities do not have such task. They completely not understand the value of complex urban projects. The authorities should understand that if they want to do anything with the city, even shrink it, they should have the coherent plan. At the Ministry of Regional Development we call those perspective projects Spatial strategies. Today we as the company are working on the creating of the future work; we are opening up the new market. Which does not exist yet. All are tired of building square meters, but no one knows how to go to the next level. And the next level is the development of an integrated project. And if that works out â&#x20AC;&#x201C; then every city requires so much work! 5. Which cities envisage big planning & architectural projects in the nearest future? From professional perspective, I very much like Yekaterinburg and Vladivostok.

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M2R identifying cities

INTERVIEW EXTRACTS

ELENA BATUNOVA

ÂŤSouth Urban CentreÂť, Urban planner Rostov-on-Don

1. Which of the Russian cities is currently taking the lead in formulating urban agenda (apart from Moscow and St.Petersburg)? Perm in the professional field is leading and has a great impact on all. However, judging by the results - Belgorod, because here the population is growing and residents state that it is a comfortable city. Voronezh and Irkutsk. Kazan - a very ambitious city with a lot of projects. 2. Which forums\events related to urban development that happened around Russia were memorable? For me, the most interesting event is the Winter Irkutsk University, because it is a platform, where it was possible to unite all the structures - the city authorities, regional authorities, international experts, business and others. This event was now held for the 16th time, if I am not mistaken - this is a very long period of time, so we can see the implemented results. Solutions, which they found in the course of this action, they are trying to include in urban policy. This is a very positive example of long-term fruitful cooperation, which was organized by the Union of Architects. In many other cities, workshops and multiple urban movements started to happen more and more often - it is very interesting, for example in Rostov we have UrbanFest. I would also like to note the events that take place in the

south, organized by the Southern Russian architectural society - these events play an important role in our professional association. 3. What kind of projects cities are looking into now? What is hot on the drawing boards?

The biggest demand is still for mass housing projects. This is very sad, because most of these projects in different cities do not differ from each other, they are dictated purely by developersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; interests - but they make up the bulk of all design market. Another hot topic is social facilities. These are the two main directions.The remaining objects are related to the ambitions of the cities and government programs. 4. Which cities are working towards formulating their urban development policy? Working on strategic plans? In addition to the major cities - Belgorod, Voronezh, Kazan, there are many cities that are not visible.

Smaller cities with population of about 100 000 people are becoming active and sometimes realize interesting projects MLA+

SOFT DATA

CITIES MENTIONED WITH

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Belgorod, Perm, Voronezh, Irkutsk, Kazan, Krasnodar

CITIES MENTIONED WITH

Rostov-on-Don, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy

For example Novoshahtinsk. The city was in a very depressed state, but they were able to use all possible resources and city is actively reviving. They have very interesting urban policies, for example, an interactive master plan for the city. City Nevinnomysk in the Stavropol region also has its own active approach towards the formation of the urban fabric. Such positive developments are taking place more often, which makes me feel positive.

grams related to any of the events, like the World Cup or with some infrastructure projects. For example, many cities are now developing in relation to infrastructure projects in the field of maritime transport, railway transport, as well as economic projects related to the development of new industries.

If you compare Rostov-onDon and Krasnodar, of course, Krasnodar has more potential.

I like many cities, but my favourite is Nizhny Novgorod, i love it for the â&#x20AC;&#x153;Russianâ&#x20AC;? beauty. I love Elista, because it is very distinctive Buddhist city, the most western Buddhist city. I love my city - Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, although it is in a very sad state, but it has great structure.

6. Which city do you personally find most interesting (as a planner)?

What is happening in Rostov on Don, I would call great stagnation, because the city has no clear policy - everything that is happening is associated with some events. Now we are preparing for the World Cup: we frantically build some infrastructure facilities, at the same time there is no coherent view on city development from the administration. Even superficially, if you visit the Krasnodar and Rostov you can see a noticeable difference, it is about the improvement of the city, its appearance and residents being satisfied with their government. 5. Which cities envisage big planning & architectural projects in the nearest future?

Chess square in Elista

If we talk about Russia, it is, first of all government pro-

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M2R identifying cities

INTERVIEW EXTRACTS

ALEXANDER LOZHKIN

Professor of architecture, Mayor Council Novosibirsk

1. Which of the Russian cities is currently taking the lead in formulating urban agenda (apart from Moscow and St.Petersburg)?

As the experience of Novosibirsk shows - a candidate program for pre-election period. The same theme is in demand in Perm for the city manager program.

Still, Perm - because it is the only city in Russia which formulated the urban planning policy and, in spite of all the problems we see that the struggle of ideologies in the field of urban policy is happening there. In other Russian cities, urban policy de jure does not exist, and de facto, it is carried out in the interests of the construction industry.

This is corresponding to formulating the key goals and directions of city development.

I did not see anywhere anything even slightly near the strategy that would not be the fictitiously-demonstrative product. Novosibirsk, in this case is an example of a «liberal» policy. There is a good purpose - to attract investment to the city, attracting investment by providing maximum freedom for developers. All the existing town planning documents are aimed at the realization of this interest. 2. Which forums\events related to urban development that happened around Russia were memorable? In my opinion, the most interesting debate in urban planning is happening in Perm, because level of competence of opponents there is rather high. 3. What kind of projects cities are looking into now? What is hot on the drawing boards?

4. Which cities are working towards formulating their urban development policy? Working on strategic plans? This question very much lies in the field of politics. Therefore, it is a question of the authorities’ competence. The question whether the authorities are interested in the real development of the city. 5. Which cities envisage big planning & architectural projects in the nearest future? Yekaterinburg, Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk Nizhny Novgorod is quite problematic at the moment too close to Moscow Something’s going on in Ufa. In the Siberian context, one can note important cities Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk. Irkutsk leaves a positive impression, though, as it seemed to me, whole urban environment is fully formed only along one street – Karl Marx. Tomsk is not doing well. Although it is very unique city, but its loosing this uniqueness very fast.

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SOFT DATA

CITIES MENTIONED WITH Perm, Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk, Yekaterinburg, Ufa

CITIES MENTIONED WITH Nizhniy Novgorod, Tomsk

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The uniqueness of Tomsk lies in the fact that it is a huge wooden city, which had to be saved as phenomenon. What they do now, they have defined several zones that are to be preserved, but the phenomenon of the wooden town - quickly disappears. Prospects for the city are rather vague, but the city has very powerful educational cluster, which could contribute to its development.

Wooden architecture in Tomsk

Decaying wooden architecture in Tomsk

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M2R identifying cities

ONLINE QUESTIONARIE EXTRACTS

Questions for the form

Extracts from form answers

1. What makes the city different from other large cities in Russia?

« Obviously, it is mentality. The city is like a merchant house after a visit of Bolsheviks. »

2. What are the current “hot topics” in the city?

« There are no plots of new development now, city and region administratin do not work with developers...City centre is full with shabby architectural monuments, but where are the money to restore it? They could burn as quick as a match...» Irkutsk

« None. City is in stagnation »

3. Which problems does the city have?

« There’s no vector for future city development »

«...After 10 pm the citylife is frozen everywhere exept night clubs and dive bars »

4. Which projects are on the horizon?

« City is preparing for Universiade 2019 (new sport complexes are being built; the work of public transport is being improved etc »

Vladovostok

Kazan

« Festival «o’Gorod»; festival «Ancient Gorkiy» by Artyom Filatov; events in Arsenal space; exibitions in Tolk space; workshops in «Masterskaya» space »

Nizhniy Novgorod

« Nothing inspiring. Roads, a couple of crossroads and the aquapark. »

Novosibirsk

« Should I mention all or just useful ones? :) »

Krasnoyarsk

Nizhniy Novgorod

«Alexandr Lozhkin (how without him!:) Yulia Prokopova (cycling) Mikhail Nikulin (trams) Oleg Alaev (landscaping, benches)»

Volgograd

6. Which people would you recommend as local urban experts?

Volgograd

Rostov-on-Don

5. Which activities/ events related to urban topic can you name?

« Dirty streets and abscenece of roads. Memorable war heroics. »

Novosibirsk

«Yana Golubeva :) » Voronezh

«Myself » Irkutsk

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SOFT DATA

To collect a common citizen & experts opinion as well as to find out some special information about citiesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; life we arrange an online questionnarie.

Link: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1gPqptiugAPx9d824TGUesu6Gf9mEQlcDdUiLBGLtRpo/viewform

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2C. IDENTIFYING THE CITIES EVALUATION

M2R identifying cities

RATING DATA Rank in population Rank in best city for living rating

Ratings

Rank in most attractive city rating Rank in most developed city

ECONOMIC POTENTIAL

Rank in best city for doing business Rank according to citizens perception Top visited cities, foreign tourism Top visited cities, internal tourism Top Universities

City Population

DESIRE FOR CHANGE

Statistics

Agglomeration population GDP per capita in rub Prices for real estate, t.rub\sq.m Rank of airport(s) by passenger traffic Density of city communities Average size of city communities

ACCESSIBILITY Role as a centre

Additional facts

Major events on the horizon Places with high density of urban\cultural events Historical cities Active places by Anton Finogenov Active places by Svyatoslav Murunov Higher architectural education institutions

URBAN QUALITY MLA+

EVALUATION

Nizhny Novgorod Kazan

Rostov-on-Don Samara

Yekaterinburg Ufa

Chelyabinsk

Krasnoyarsk

Omsk Novosibirsk

Khabarovsk

Kaliningrad Yaroslavl Rostov-on-Don Krasnodar Sochi

Samara

Kazan Izhevsk Yekaterinburg Ufa Chelyabinsk Omsk Novosibirsk

Tomsk

Krasnoyarsk

Vladivostok

Kaliningrad

Voronezh Rostov-on-Don Krasnodar Sochi

Nizhny Novgorod Kazan Yekaterinburg

Novosibirsk

Irkutsk Vladivostok

Yaroslavl Nizhny Novgorod Krasnodar Sochi

Kazan Yekaterinburg

Novosibirsk

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Irkutsk

M2R identifying cities

OVERALL RATING

Kaliningrad

Yaroslavl

Voronezh

Nizhny Novgorod Kazan

Rostov-on-Don Krasnodar

Ufa Sochi

Yekaterinburg

Samara Chelyabinsk

Krasn Omsk Novosibirsk

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EVALUATION

We analysed which cities occur in most of the ratings and then select TOP-12. In case of dispute the priority was given to the cities recommended by experts.

Economic potential

Desire for change & activity

Accessibility

Urban quality

Experts recommendations

Yekaterinburg Novosibirsk Kazan Sochi Krasnodar Rostov-on-Don Nizhny Novgorod Kaliningrad Vladivostok Irkutsk Ufa Samara Krasnoyarsk Omsk Yaroslavl Chelyabinsk Voronezh Khabarovsk

noyarsk Irkutsk

Khabarovsk

Vladivostok

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3. CITY PROFILES

M2R CITY PROFILE

COLLECTED INFORMATION

INTERVIEWS WITH EXPERTS

ONLINE QUESTIONNAIRE

INTERVIEWS WITH CITIZENS

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PROFILES CONTENTS

The information about the 12 cities presented in following profiles was collected from different resources to Ń onsider either facts & statistics or perception & opinions. PROFESSIONAL DOCUMENTATION

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NEWS & INFOPORTALS STUDY

CITY VISITING & IMPRESSION

M2R CITY PROFILE

GENERATED INFORMATION

COVER INFORMATION

RESUME

GENERAL INFORMATION

As Russia is a strongly centric country, here we indicate the distance to Moscow and Saint Petersburg, as well as city unofficial names, which characterize it as a ÂŤcapital of somethingÂť.

DNA page describes the overall situation of a city and the information worth mention. The DNA image was selected carefully to illustrate the realistic and highly distinctive urban panorama of a city.

This page provides basic and statistic information about each city (population, transport means, status, age, etc.) as well as about their agglomeration situation for quick understanding of the context.

CITY STRUCTURE

CITY TRAITS

Structure of a city defines most of its specific characteristics and helps to understand the context for all the following information.

Structure of a city often defines most of its problems. According to the scheme on p. 14-15, we explain the character of different structural parts of each city.

Each real city produces some social and culture capital, so that we can define its special traits. We define six famous traits for each city, which helps to understand its potentials and specialization.

MLA+

PROFILES CONTENTS

Each of 12 profiles encloses the following set of information (11 pages), giving the fullest overview of a particular citylife and planning context. CURRENT PROJECTS

HOT TOPICS

CITY INITIATIVES

On this page, the most noticeable developing projects are mapped on cities maps.This page provides context of current city developers market & gives the character of typical and unique projects.

The most debated and challenging problems in a particular city. Each topic is linked to a suitable Dutch competence by corresponding pictogram.

Here one can find some hot urban initiatives (state, commercial, non-commercial) which are underway. These initiatives could become the entrance doors to particular city planning market.

USEFUL DUTCH COMPETENCES

KEY PEOPLE WHO DO CARE

GENIUS LOCI

This page observes vacant urban planning & design niches in a particular city according to the skills Dutch can offer (see p. 24-25)

On this page, one can find contacts of active people interested in city development as well as some useful links to actual news & events portals and noticeable city developers.

ÂŤGenius lociÂť could be defined as a specific spirit of a particular place. This information notifies individual city character to place reader in cultural, historical and emotional city context and inspire for diverse ideas.

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M2R CITY PROFILE

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MLA+

KALININGRAD WEST CITY KONIGSBERG

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M2R CITY PROFILE

MLA+

KALININGRAD

RESUME Kaliningrad, also known as Kรถnigsberg, is the capital of the Russian exclave on the Baltic Sea. Historically the place developed as part of the former East Prussia. After 1945 it was taken over by USSR. The city was largely destroyed during World War II. The city centre was almost entirely lost, thus leaving mental and physical hole in the urban heart. The city was rebuilt mostly in 1970s, when the culture of high modernism was at its rise. The new city fabric does not follow the initial urban pattern, the logic of large scale mikrorayons that were constructed did not fit into the prewar block city. The city feels empty, torn apart, unstructured with objects floating in the greenery. The major issue is how to deal with urban fabric repairs, how to connect the old mental image and the existing reality, how to fix the city. At the same time the city has an interesting culture, uniting people from all over USSR under the new identity, inhabiting European culture and reinterpreting it for themselves. The city today is about sea and sea tourism - a Window to Europe for Russian tourists. It is about Prussian history and new Russian history - an odd mixture of the two manifested in space.And it is about the greenery, lots of green networks connecting the city are being enjoyed by the citizens and are perceived as a true valued quality.

Kaliningrad panorama on Cathedral and Soviet housing. Image source: http://www.skyscrapers.com

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M2R CITY PROFILE

GENERAL INFO STATUS Administrative centre

SIZE

225 km2

POPULATION 453 461

EXTERNAL TRANSPORT Khrabrovo Airport Kaliningrad Severny Kaliningrad Yuzhniy Sea commercial port Sea fishing port

CLIMATE Temperate 18o C -2o C

FOUNDED IN

1255

city boundary of 1815 city boundary of 1940 city boundary of 2015

MLA+

KALININGRAD

AGGLOMERATION 690 000 people The agglomeration of Kaliningrad is a non-million one. There are 5 functional zones that could be distinguished in the agglomeration: transport & industrial, coastal resort zone, coastal defenseindustrial sector, frontier to Poland and agricultural territories.

RYBACHIY

PRIMORYE

YANTARNIY

PIONERSKIY

SVETLOGORSK

ZELENOGRADSK KHRABROVO GURYEVSK

SVETLYI BALTYISK

PRIBREZHNOE LADUSHKIN BAGRATIONOVSK MAMONOVO

Industrial zone

Coastal resorts

SVETLYI

Metal structures, petrochemicals

PRIMORYE, SVETLOGORSK, ZELENOGRADSK

PRIBREZHNOE

YANTARNIY

Ceramic brick

GURYEVSK

Building materials Agriproducts processing

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Resort town Sea port Russian president summer residence

RYBACHIY

Resort town Fishing

YANTARNIY

Resort town Amber factory

Coastal defense-industrial zones

BALTIYSK

West seaport of Russia

ZATO DONSKOYE

Main base of Russian Navy Aviation Frontier trade zone

LADUSHKIN, MAMONOVO, BAGRATIONOVSK

M2R CITY PROFILE

CITY STRUCTURE

MLA+

KALININGRAD

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M2R CITY PROFILE

CITY STRUCTURE HISTORICAL PART Central core was fully destroyed by English carpet bombing during the WW II. Thats why after passing into possession of USSR it was reconstructed with the soviet architecture

INDUSTRIAL BELT The main industrial zones are concentrated around the city seaport and an adjoining railway station «Kaliningrad yuzhniy».

RESIDENTIAL AREAS Surrounding the central core residential areas are a low-rising social housing constructed by Germans in the end of XIX and the beginning of XX centuries.

WATERFRONT The access to the sea is blocked by seaport zone, so the waterfront is concentrated along the River Pregel and Verkhiy and Nizhniy Lakes.

SPECIAL CITES

Kant Island

Peter the Great Embankment

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KALININGRAD

ÂŤ

From the point of urban structure Kaliningrad is a flip-flopper. The central core is rebuilded with soviet architecture, while the surrounding residential areas saved its original german style. Âť Darya, cultural and urban studies specialist

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M2R CITY PROFILE

CITY TRAITS

PRUSSIAN ARCHITECTURE

IMMANUEL KANT HOME

KONINGSBERG FOOD

Inspite of the fact the city was destroyed by English carpet bombing, there are many objects of gothic red-brick architecture representing the period of Konigsberg.

Immanuel Kant, that could be recognized as a philosopher of Russian Empire (Prussian kingdom was a part of the Empire), lived and work in Konigsberg.

Konigsberg was famous by its traditional sweet recipe for «Konigsberg Marzipans» and meat dish recipe for «Konigsberg Klopses».

MLA+

KALININGRAD

ÂŤ The very Western city of our vast country! It has german roots. One can quickly feel the existence of european style here Âť

Anonymus respondent

HOUSE OF SOVIETS

SEA PORT, SEAMEN & ARMY FAME

AMBER

Unfinished building of House of Soviets stands in the heart of the city on the place of the former City castle. It has become either local symbol or local pain for citizens

During the Soviet period Kaliningrad was most associated with the new for USSR Baltic fleet. Foreign goods, port and seamen became new symbols of the city.

The city is famous for its amber production (from the Konigsberg times). There is also the Amber Museum in the city. http://www.ambermuseum.ru/en/

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M2R CITY PROFILE

CURRENT PROJECTS UNIQUE

World Cup-2018 preparation program

Architecture: Jean Michel Wilmotte Project/ realisation: 2006/ 2018 https://gov39.ru/maypr/chm2018.php

UNIQUE

Parkoviy stream regeneration

Architecture: T.M. Project/ realisation: 2015/ http://archi.ru/projects/russia/9098

UNIQUE

Historical centre of Kaliningrad development concept

Architecture: Studio 44 Project/ realisation: 2014/ http://studio44.ru/rus_ver/proekty/projects/ project61/

TYPICAL

UNIQUE

Residential complex «New Golubevo»

Developer: Baralt M Project/ Realisation: 2013/2016 голубево.рф

Car cluster «Avtotor»

Developer: Autotor Holding Project/ Realisation: 2013/ 2018/ ... http://cluster.avtotor.ru/

TYPICAL

Residential complex «VolksGarden»

The program of preparation to WORLD CUP-2018: creation of a big (220 ha) ambitious and out-of-scale recreational zone for mega event in the centre of the city with a football stadium as a main core.

After mayor of Kaliningrad request there was established a competition for the Parkoviy stream improvement. The winner project is going to be realized. There is a growing interest for the central part of the city improvement in Kaliningrad, yet initiatives are still dotty. The first attempt of Kaliningrad administration to raise the question of complex city-centre redevelopment. There was an international competition held by «Heart of the city» (see p.101), the winner - Studio 44, Saint Petersburg.

Low-rise residential complex in sub-urban area of Kaliningrad. The positive trend - it is a low-rise human-scale affordable housing, the negative one - is city sprawl as a result of such a tendency.

Auto production is developing successfully now in Kaliningrad. Project consider the construction of a new satellite-city for over 50 000 inhabitants on the plot of 1,000 ha. The city will be an auto cluster with all necessary living infrastructure (monocity?). Typical new economy-class apartments in the centre of Kaliningrad.

Developer: SU Zapadnye Regioni Project/ Realisation: 2013/ 2017 http://vgard.ru/

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HOT TOPICS ÂŤ The Kaliningrad region is a complete enclave... specific location and history (the territory was annexed by the Soviet Union after World War II) bring a decisive influence to bear the development of modern Kaliningrad. Âť Sergey designer, citizen of Kaliningrad

Intricate Urban Structure

Disappearing old urban structures

Although central core was restored with the soviet wide prospects & buildings, its chaotic character remained. Intricacy of the urban structure together with a great amount of dead-end streets caused large transport problems.

The areas adjacent to the city centre have an interesting radial urban structure with green squares of different configuration on the streets intersections. But there are no contemporary projects, supporting and developing this idea. Moreover the existing structures are losing their initial look.

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KALININGRAD

What to do with the House of Soviets?

What is the city identity today?

The House was built on the place of former Konigsberg Fortress as the symbol of New Soviet Government in the city. It was planned to transfer all the public authorities structures in the House, but they all denied on that suggestion. Yet-to-be-completed house had never been used.

All the traits of the city are the symbols of its past. Kaliningrad hasnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t generated a new image and brand, connected with its present or future. Indefined direction for development slows an update of uban environment and activity.

What is the architectural image of Kaliningrad? The architectural appearance of Kaliningrad had changed radically with the change of City Power. Thats why the styles struggle and rebuild each other instead of complementation and enrichment. This leads to eclectics and aggressive attempts to restore history.

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A messy look The reason of Kaliningrad chaotic urban facade is much due to unruly system of external advertising and entrances groups of the small businesses. Advertisments have no common system and disharmonize and often destroy the architectural appearence of the city.

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HOT TOPICS Urban environment of poor quality

Urban enclaves

All the respondents of the research identified a lack of comfortable infrastructure and maintennance namely playgrounds, swimming places, places for leisure activities as well as pedestrian & velo- infrastructure. The are many unused spaces with a potential for activity development (f.e Kant Island)

The specific «detached» location of Kaliningrad makes it totally blocked: from Russia by international borders & from Poland and Lithuania by Russian borders. This caused transport connection problems with «the other Russia». On the other hand any political relationship changes always influence the city development.

Poorly developed urban culture

Unknown fate of the «i-city»

There is no native population living on the territory of Kaliningrad for more than 5 generations.That causes a problem for intensive development of strong city communities, who care about the city. People mentally do not feel this place (as well as Konigsberg heritage) as their native one.

There is a project for innovative technopark «I-city» arrangement near Kaliningrad in the village of Ushakovo. By the plans of the Government the technopark would include all the necessary innovative, residential and social infrastructure for living whithin. Due to economical and political problems of the country the project has been stagnated for already 2 years.

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CITY INITIATIVES « We’ve chosen a parallel development of Kaliningrad as an international expocentre , communication platform, transport hub and industrial centre . On the one hand we will support exibition, touristic and cultural infrastructure. On the other - we give the priority to hi-tech and eco productions. » Alexander Yaroshuk Major of Kaliningrad

Urban planning project «Heart of the City»

New Socio-economic Strategy until 2035

The non-profit Urban Planning Bureau “Heart of the City” was founded by the Kaliningrad Region Government on 24 April 2013 to implement a long-term project of the regeneration of the historic centre. The aim of the organization is to summarize all the project ideas (through a number of international competitions), to raise the discussion and finally generate decisions. http://www.tuwangste.ru/en/

The project was adopted in 2013. The main directions of the strategy are: stimulation of agglomeration connections (transport reconstruction, seaport activation, coast resorts etc.), economic projects attraction, urban environment reconstruction, redevelopment of abandoned land, mixed land-use. A special point is the redevelopment of the waterfront of the city (water sports, transport, leisure...).

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USEFUL DUTCH COMPETENCES

STRATEGIC PLANNING

RESIDENTIAL DESIGN

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There are some steps forward for a full-fledged masterplan development represented by the project «Heart of the City». At the same time the lack of a complex strategy is one of the main problems which cause the most others Necessary problems to be solved: - Related to enclave situation of the city - Lack of the city image

SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY

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Creation of the unique transport system/policy (in case of intricate urban structure in the centre)

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Most of the housing in the city is an average class. There is a lack of diversity of typologies. In addition there is a good urban structure set by the german 1900-s social housing which should be continued) Housing in the agglomeration of Kalinigrad (on the coast as well)

PROJECT MANAGEMENT

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Arrangement of bicycle infrastructure

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Transport connection within the agglomeration/ sea resorts

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Optimisation of the transport connection with Russia

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Intensification of the activity & events on the existing public spaces Arrangement of programs for cultural exchange, assimilation of urban culture traditions and citizen identity Revival of the «I-city» technopark Salvation of the enclave position (through international cooperation and other)

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COMPLEX DEVELOPMENT

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Development of satellite cities within Kaliningrad agglomeration Development of production clusters and other economy reviving complexes. According to the city’s strategy in privilege are: - logistics complexes - expo-centres - industrial complexes

WATERFRONT DEVELOPMENT

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COMPLEX (RE) DEVELOPMENT

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Reconstruction of the Prussian architecture

INNER CITY

Creation of an absent seafront

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Regeneration of city water ponds in the centre

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Redevelopment of the House of the Soviets

Participation in the competitions of bureau «Heart of the City» Creation of an architectural image for the city centre Urban grid optimization External advertising policy Preservation and development of the historically formed cultural levels of the city.

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KEY PEOPLE WHO CARE CITY HALL

VLADIMIR KUZIN

VYACHESLAV GHENNEE

ALEXANDER YARASHUK

the Head of Economical development department of «City of Kaliningrad» administration

The chief architect of Kaliningrad

The head of city district «City of Kaliningrad»

DMITRIY SELIN

KRISTINA BURNASHOVA

DASHA KARAMELCHENKOVA

coordinator of creative space and art-platform «Vorota»

curator of portal «V gorode Kanta» about the city cultural activities

the activist of cycling movement «Critical Mass»

KHRISTOPHOR MUKOLYANZ

ALEXANDER POPADIN

MAXIM MIKHAILOV

The chief architect of studio «Grad-So», tutor of Design Chair in MGUTU University, architectural expert reporter

Director of non-commercial urban planning bureau «Heart of the City»

Competence Building Centre Director Curator at KrausLab (Informal educational programmes)

CITIZENS

http://artvorota.ru/

http://art.gorodkanta.ru/

https://vk.com/crit_mass

PROFESSIONAL COMMUNITY

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ABOUT the CITY Official city hall web-site

http://www.klgd.ru/

Main news portal

http://kgd.ru/

Local community fund «KALININGRAD»

http://www.fond-kaliningrad.ru/about/

MAIN DEVELOPERS Construction company «Baltiya»

http://www.baltia39.com/

Construction company «BARALT» http://www.kaliningrad-land.ru/

Construction company «STROIRESOURCE39»

http://www.sr39.ru/about/

INTERNATIONAL EVENTS Open international architectural competition «POST-CASTLE» (as a part of the «Heart of the city») http://tuwangste.ru/en/contests/contest_2/announcement

FIFA-2018 WORLD CUP

http://kgd2018.ru/en/

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GENIUS LOCI Imagine, your young and active soul has been placed in an ancient body? Seems esoterical? That’s what happened with former Konigsberg-curent Kaliningrad after the WW II, when the city was taken over by USSR. All the native population was evacuated, and the city was settled by the soviet young and dynamic «workers and farmers». Despite it is an intelligent, beautiful, well-organized, cultural city, which varied in a good sense from the other ones in the country, its’ locals are feeling nostalgia for both abscent youth and going back past. So on the one hand the population is rushing to stay on the wave of fashion, parties and modernity, on the other hand – it seeks for its roots, feeling a noble rank and rich cultural background. The analogue for such a feeling could be a child from a Royal Family. Kaliningrad is seeking for its identity, being torn between modernity and absololute mimicry of a history, which looks like an old woman wearing r&b clothes. And may be the latter could be an inspiration for discovering an identity. But if an old woman with rich cultural background wants to stay modern, maybe she could look like Carmen dell’Oferice rather than Baddie Winkle?

Baddie Winkle as a symbol of Kaliningrad character

Image source: https://www.instagram.com/p/wCv7OcrFWU/?taken-by= baddiewinkle

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KRASNODAR THE CAPITAL OF CUBAN CASSACKS THE SOUTH CAPITAL

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KRASNODAR

RESUME Krasnodar is situated on the River Kuban, approximately 80 km (50 miles) north-east of the Black Sea, on the periphery of the Caucasus. It was founded as Yekaterinodar (meant «Catherine’s Gift», recognizing Empress Catherine the Great’s grant of land to the Black Sea Cossacks) in 1794 to protect Southern borders of Russia. After the Russian Revolution of 1917 the city received it’s current name Krasnodar, which means «Beautiful Gift». There are over 140 nationalities living here together peacefully. Over 85% of the population are Russians, there are also: Armenians, Georgians, Ukrainians, Greeks, Tatars, and other peoples from the Caucasus, Central Asia, and Eastern Europe. Today Krasnodar is dynamic economic centre of Southern Russia; it stands permanently at TOP-5 in most Russian ranks of best cities for doing business (Forbes, Urbanica, Kommersant etc.). There is no heavy industry in the city; the main industry is agriculture and food production (42.8%), among the others are energy sector, fuel industry, machine construction, forestry and chemical industries. Krasnodar is a highly developed commercial area. It has the largest turnover in the Southern Federal District of Russia (290 billion RUB in 2010). Krasnodar is the first in Russia in the number of malls (per capita). Tourism comprises a large part of Krasnodar’s economy. There are more than 80 hotels in Krasnodar. Hilton Garden Inn, opened in 2013, is the first worldclass hotel in the city. Krasnodar is an important Southern transport hub. Four directions of railways, two federal highways cross the city; there is an airport and river cargo port here. Although it is a rapidly growing (the second after Moscow) millioncity, Krasnodar creates an image of a typical southern intimate low-rise town due to prevailing cottage housing even in the city centre. The booming chaotic development may erase this image. Combining advantages of a developed megacity with greenery, sun and southern lifestyle, Krasnodar becomes especially attractive for life and business.

Microrayon Pashkovo: «dachas» within the cityborders Image source: http://varlamov.ru/994703.html

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GENERAL INFO STATUS

SIZE

Administrative centre 339, 31 km2

POPULATION 829 677

EXTERNAL TRANSPORT Pashovsky Airport Krasnodar - 1 Krasnodar - 2 Krasnodar Sort. Cargo river harbour

CLIMATE

FOUNDED IN

Moderate continental 24o C 1o C

1794

city boundary of 1888 city boundary of 1941 city boundary of 2015

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AGGLOMERATION 1.34 mln people The agglomeration of Krasnodar has a rural character as there is a high density of villages and no towns in the radius of 60 km. Krasnodar is the centre of Krasnodarsky kray region. The main attractors of Krasnodarsky kray are resort towns of Anapa, Gelendjik, Tuapse and Sochi.

PRIMORSKO-AHTARSK

ANAPA NOVOROSSIYSK GELENDJIK

TUAPSE

SOCHI

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Mountain resort «Krasnaya polyana»

Sparkling winery «Abrau-durso»

Beach resorts

Russian sea port of Novorossiisk

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CITY STRUCTURE

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CITY STRUCTURE HISTORICAL PART Regular street grid 150x150 m with a low-rise housing.

INDUSTRIAL BELT The most problematic zone is one blocking the entrances to the river Kuban.

RESIDENTIAL PART An important difference from other cities - is the prevalence of private / cottage housing

WATERFRONT The condition of embankments is contrasting: highly urbanised stands close to purely wild areas.

SPECIAL SITES

Teatralnaya square

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«Aurora» cinema-theatre

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CITY TRAITS

KUBAN COSSACKS

OLD-TOWN CORTYARDS

FRIENDLY CLIMATE

The city is a home to Black sea Cossacks a special socio-cultural group of members of democratic, semi-military communities, which played an important role in the historical and cultural development of Russia.

The city has inherited the so-called «chess board» urban grid with the low-rise housing with cozy internal courtyards, providing special homelike «atmosphere of the old times».

All the country adores Krasnodar mild climate. Thanks to a mild sunny weather the city is half a year deep in greenery and flowers, and produces most of Russia’s agriculture.

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« The main difference of Krasnodar from many other Russian city is of course favorable natural and climatic conditions! » Tatyana, citizen

SOUTHERN LIFESTYLE

FOOTBALL OBSESSIVE

RUSTY BOATS CEMETERY

Krasnodar is much associated with the southern lifestyle which is not typical for Russia. It means special perception of space, chaotic character of city development, bright fashion & demonstrativeness.

Due to a suitable climatic conditions football is a popular sport here. Everybody plays football everywhere here in Krasnodar! There is a famous Football Academy located here: http://afkrd.ru/

One of the most famous unofficial Krasnodar sights is the cemetary of old soviet rusty boats. Despite its specific the place doesn’t look like a dust hole, but more as a postapocalyptic scene.

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CURRENT PROJECTS UNIQUE

Shopping & Leisure Centre «Gallery Krasnodar 2»

Architecture: ABD architects Project/ realisation: 2012/ 2013 http://www.abdcom.ru/architecture/centers/54/

TYPICAL

Hotel complex «Mariott Courtyard Krasnodar»

Developer: Europeya Project/ realisation: 2006/ 2016 http://europeya.ru/marriott/

UNIQUE

Winery & cultural complex in Gai-Kodzor

Architecture: Kleinewelt architecten Project/ realisation: 2013/ ? http://kleinewelt.ru/#/projects/60/

TYPICAL

Residential complex «Bolshoy»

Developer: Meriton Company Project/ Realisation: 2012/ 2015 http://meriton.ru/houses

UNIQUE

Residential complex «Slavyanka»

The project of this Shopping mall is interesting for its urban planning solution. Placed in the city Centre it blends into urban structure; moreover it forms a public space around legendary Shukhov tower. Though the mall is still massive and closed to surrounding streets, it’s a good attempt of complex urban project. Many point objects (offices, hotels, apartments) are now built in Krasnodar Centre. Often high-rise, hardly related to the surroundings, with the lack of identity they destroy the intimate image of Krasnodar old-town and have little effect on urban development. The project within the city borders. Krasnodarskiy region is famous for wine production so building a winery complex is a good investment here. The project presented is sponsored by Roman Abramovich winery in Gai Kodzor. There are plans to build a wine-tourism cluster here. There is a glut of residential construction of different classes in Krasnodar. Typical business-class housing is residential complex «Bolshoy»: large 25-storey building in the city Centre.The complex is built on a two-storey stylobate with service & leisure functions. Typical economic-class residential complex is a low-cost «microrayon-like» housing with lack of architecture, infrastructure and services.

Developer: KubanGradInvestStroy Project/ Realisation: 2015/ 2019 http://kubangis.ru/

UNIQUE

Residential complex «Evropeya»

Developer: Europe-realt Project/ Realisation: 2013/ 2018 http://www.europeya.ru

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This complex is unique in Krasnodar for its attitude to housing project. The complex consists of neighborhoods, each entirely made in the style of a European country. Each neighborhood has its own little community centre with special feature and style. The centre of «Europeya» is its own business area.

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HOT TOPICS « In 00-s Krasnodar was developing very rapidly, but that was «unsystematic» and chaotic development. 30-storey residential buildings grows in the midst of the private sector, a huge apartment complexes do not ensure the proper transport infrastructure. » Roman Fisenko, urban studies expert

Transport collapse

Parking places

The most urgent problem is a total traffic collapse on all the city-roads. The reason is that the existing road network is underdeveloped for the booming million agglomeration and economic centre of Russian Federation South.

Booming motorization as well as the obsolete urban system of historical centre (fine urban grid, narrow streets) result in a parking chaos in Krasnodar.

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Chaotic development

Absence of places for swimming

However the city urban structure has a regular character, the development tends to be chaotic and dotty without one common direction. High-rise buildings are placed near or instead of low-rise fine housing.

The ecology of waters and beaches remain unsatisfactory. There is an official ban on swimming in the river and ponds within the city boundary. Popular citizen place for swimming is the beach of Adygeya (on the other side of river Kuban), but it is also extremely littered.

Absence of city image

Old housing stock

The city has many special features, but there is still no common style, look and brand for Krasnodar. The structure of the city is tend to loose its clearness - its hard to find even a centre of social activity here. The main street - Krasnaya - is 5 km long, and is not comfortable enough for leisure & activities.

The problem of delapidated and emergency housing stock is evident in the famous central historical grid of Krasnodar. Nowadays it became a real ghetto, popularly called ÂŤShankhaichikiÂť.

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HOT TOPICS Abandoned aquapark

Poor waterfront

The activity of entertainment aquacomplex «Aqualand» was suspended from summer, 2009 due to lack of funding. Now the park stands untidy and derelict, and is used as a place for extreme sports illegally. The cadastral value of the land on April 1, 2014 - 312 million 700 thousand rubles.

Serious question is the «brownfield» along the Kuban River. The city has practically no normal access to the water (except in a few new private areas), no waterfront, beaches and parks along the river. Now the most access to water is blocked by abandoned industrial areas: abandoned or just partly working.

Proficit of commercial estate

Poor transport connection with the sea

The total area of offices in Krasnodar is more than 1 million sq.m. There are over 30 major business centers (over 10 thousand sq.m) and more than 200 small buildings (up to 3 thousand sq.m) working in the city. There with the office buildings comissioned in the last 2 years, are filled only on 60%.

The Black sea two hours away ride. But the system of public transport connection to the coast is chaotic.

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CITY INITIATIVES « Generally we have three promising directions to offer for investors. They are: the reconstruction of the central part of the city, production distribution in the Eastern Industrial Zone and tourism and recreation sector development » Vladimir Evlanov Major of Krasnodar

Transport project «Krasnodar transit»

Project «Capital-city look for Krasnodar»

One of the most important infrastructure projects under negotiations is a project of railway track removal. Nowadays the railroad divides the city in half and thereby causes transportation problems.

The city goverment program «Capital look for Krasnodar» intend to create a complex urban masterplan. This is large-scale and long-term project, which involves a complete historic centre reconstruction, development of new territories, the creation of new recreation areas and «attractors».

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USEFUL DUTCH COMPETENCES

STRATEGIC PLANNING

RESIDENTIAL DESIGN

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The city has started a program «Capital look for Krasnodar», supposed to become a part of masterplan strategy. Probably, this means relative readiness of the authorities for strategic planning. Necessary problems to be solved: - Transport problems - Inner city redevelopment - Optimization of the infrastructure after booming residential construction - Transit removal

SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY

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Complete transport strategy creation (to solve existing traffic problems) Parking strategy in the city centre Arrangement of bicycle infrastructure

The market of economic class housing is full-fledged. But there is an opportunity for housing typologies diversifying here due to both climatic conditions and formed types of dwellings which are: - Individual villas/ cottages - Low-rise housing - Terraces - Penthouses ...etc.

PROJECT MANAGEMENT

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Regeneration of the abandoned aquapark Arrangement of communication platform between activists («City Decisions», «VeloKrasnodar» etc.) and authorities for making any urban transformations happen

Clear transport connection with the sea resorts Night transport system Efficient fast transport connection of airport and the city centre

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COMPLEX DEVELOPMENT

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The Krasnodar agglomeration is village-like and needs complex projects to be hold there. Projects within «Capital look for Krasnodar» program

COMPLEX (RE) DEVELOPMENT

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WATERFRONT DEVELOPMENT

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City embankments arrangement & brownfields on the river redevelopment Arrangement of places for swimming River water ecology improvement

Redevelopment of the old housing stock in the centre Redevelopment of the former productions (typography, etc.) in the centre Redevelopment of the soviet architecture heritage There are plans of central railway removal.In case this project happens, a demand for railway brownfields redevelopment will occur

INNER CITY

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How to save a unique low-rise city centre in a megacity? The development within an existing «chessboard» grid City image & architectural principles of development creation

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KEY PEOPLE WHO CARE CITY HALL

VLADIMIR EVLANOV Mayor of Krasnodar

CITIZENS

MIROSLAV VALKOVICH

DMITRY GURBICH

ILYA FEYGENOV

urban activist, сo-founder of public movement «City Decisions»

cycling activist, founder of «VeloKrasnodar»

«AFISHA №1 Krasnodar» founder

https://vk.com/urban_krd

https://www.facebook.com/groups/velokrd/

PROFESSIONAL COMMUNITY

GRIGORY KORNEV founder of public movement «City Decisions», famous blogger

http://dr_corner.livejournal.com/

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ABOUT the CITY Official city’s web-site

http://krd.ru/

Blog about the city

http://www.kublog.ru/

News portal

http://www.yugopolis.ru/

MAIN DEVELOPERS Group of companies «EUROPE»

http://http://www.europe-realt.ru/

GVA SAWYER

http://www.gvasawyer.ru

Construction company «ALMAKS»

http://almaks-kr.ru/

INTERNATIONAL EVENTS Annual international architectural and building exhibition «YUBUILD»

http://www.yugbuild.com/

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GENIUS LOCI Krasnodar is a double-dyed southern city, where one mature urban planner would feel like in an aunt-hill! Since is was founded by emperor decree as a military settlement, the city has a regular structure. But due to temperamental, hot and free people of Cossaks (and other), the city was settled in «naturally». The southern hedonism prevailed here on any urban system, so one can easily feel chaos, blooming life, and bright colours in each сell of a strict urban grid. It can be hardly named a cultural or intellectual centre of Russia, but at the same time it is a place of «la dolce vita». If it is any hurry in the city - it is a pleasant «slow» hurry. Expressive feelings and projects, garish colours and fashion, open minded and a bit village-like (which means close-to roots, traditional, and simple-minded in behaviour and use of space) citizens - these are the key impressions of Krasnodar, which could be experienced like «Russian Mexico».

A man sitting on a construction site as a symbol of Krasnodar free southern character Image source: http://vk.com/photo-33025155_311433704

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VORONEZH BLACK EARTH REGION CAPITAL HOMELAND OF RUSSIAN NAVY HOMELAND OF MILITARY AIRBORNE

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RESUME City of Voronezh is located in the central part of European Russia on the border of Srednerusskaya Upland and Oka-Don plain. In 1571 Boyar Mikhail Vorotynsky organized the guard service of the Russian state on the river Voronezh. In April 1590 the castle was set on fire by the Cherkasses, but soon was built up again. Since then, the city constantly rediscovers itself for new activities. At the end of the XVII century by order of Peter the Great Voronezh the first Admiralty was created. It was Voronezh, where the first ships of Russian Navy were built. So till the end of time Voronezh is considered the cradle of the Russian fleet. And although the shipyards were soon transferred to Tavrov, Voronezh actually turned into a business capital of the coun¬try, the city has become famous all over the country and even abroad, has acquired state, military, commercial and economic importance. Located in the fertile soils of Black Earth Voro¬nezh became the center of trade in agricultural products. During World War II, Voronezh resisted German troops for 212 days and nights. The city is the second after Leningrad for civilian casualties. During their retreat German invaders destroyed factory buildings, public buildings were blown up, burned about 92% of the housing stock of the city. After liberation from the Nazis Voronezh was a ruin and was actively restored in Soviet times. In 2008 the city was awarded the honorary title of «City of Military Glory». After the war, at the Voronezh aircraft factory was constructed the world’s first serial supersonic passenger aircraft Tu-144. In 1972 Voronezh Reservoir was created. In 1989 Voronezh bell casting company was revived. In the 1990-s the construction of churches on destroyed sites began. In 1990, the Ministry of Culture put Voronezh in the list of historical cities of Russia. In 2012, the Voronezh got the status million-city and took the 8th place in the rating for the quality of the urban environ¬ment, prepared by the Ministry of Regional Development. The structure of the gross municipal product in the first place is the food industry (34%), chemical industry (16%), manufacture of electrical equipment (12.5%). Government of the Voronezh region with the support of the Investment Fund of Russia is implementing a project of industrial park «Maslovskiy» on the territory of Maslovka district to accommodate more than 100 new businesses, including transformer plant by Siemens. Voronezh is actively developing as a platform for cultural events, e.g. the annual International Festival «Jazz Province», Russian Festival of Japanese Animation, Open Festival of Poetry «Poeteh» and the International Festival of Platonov.

Panorama view to the Voronezh reservoir Image source: kumiros.livejournal.com

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STATUS

SIZE

Administrative centre 601 km2

POPULATION 1 023 957

EXTERNAL TRANSPORT Voronezh Int. Airport Voronezh I Voronezh II Kurskiy Local cargo port Passenger under negotiations

CLIMATE

FOUNDED IN

Moderate 小ontinental 21o C -7o C

1586

city boundary of 1939 city boundary of 1970 city boundary of 2015

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AGGLOMERATION 1.3 mln people The settlements around the city began to form immediately in the construction of Voronezh as a fortress. By the end of the XIX century Voronezh with surrounding territories formed Voronezh county total area - 5283 sq. km, much later became also the agglomeration territory. In 2009-2010, the city annexed a large part of the nearby communities of agglomeration, to obey the city; and increasing their numbers.

RAMON’

VERKHNAYA KHAVА

SEMILUKI NOVAYA USMAN’

KHOKHOLSKY

PANINO

KASHIRSKOE

NIZHNEDEVITSK NOVOVORONEZH

OSTROGOZHSK

NOVAYA USMAN’ PANINO VERKHNAYA KHAVA NIZHNEDEVITSK KHOKHOLSKY KASHIRSKOE OSTROGOZHSK LISKINSKY Agriculture

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RAMON’ Historical tourism Art pottery factory Food production & Research Institute of Agriculture

NOVOVORONEZH Novovoronezh nuclear power station “RosEnergoAtom” Production of construction materials of wide spectre; Radio manufacture

SEMILUKI 2 Refractory Plants; Household chemicals plant; Construction materials production; Control of main gas pipelines; etc. Social business “RusKarton” (recycling plant)

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CITY STRUCTURE

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VORONEZH

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CITY STRUCTURE HISTORICAL PART During the WWII the city center was mostly destroyed. So that during the early Soviet times it was regenerated both with new and copied architecture. Thus some heritage managed to be kept. INDUSTRIAL BELT The biggest industries are located in the East bank of Reservoir, where the “new city” was created after the WWII

RESIDENTIAL AREAS The private sector here is commonly adjacent to the high-rise apartment buildings, creating a crazy patchwork urban mix.

WATERFRONT The city has a position between two river basins: Voronezh reservoir of Voronezh river. The coast of the latter stands wild, while coasts of reservoir are urbanized.

SPECIAL SITES

Park «Dinamo»

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«Admiralteyskaya» Square & Assumption Admiralty temple MLA+

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Voronezh has a ÂŤpatchworkÂť urban fibre rather than a streaky one.

Violetta, urban analytic

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CITY TRAITS

CRADLE OF RUSSIAN FLEET The first shipyards for Russian Fleet were constructed here under the decree of Peter the Great in 1694. Thus, the beginning of Russian Navy goes from Voronezh, which is known as a «Cradle of Russian Fleet».

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AVIATION CENTRE It is Voronezh aircraft enterprise which produce famous planes of brands «Il», «An» and «Tu». Here in 1968 was created the first supersonic passenger airliner Tu-144.

BELL CASTING FACTORY In pre-revolutionary times Voronezh was famous for its bell-casting factory of Samohvalov brothers. At WW I the factory was closed. In 1989 bell-casting craft was resumed by the opening of Anisimov factory

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VORONEZH

«Voronezh seems to me such a rawhide city» Maxim, traveller

ANIME CAPITAL

MOTHERLAND OF AIRBORNE FORCES

«SEKTOR GAZA» BAND

Voronezh hosts an annual Russian Festival of Japanese Animation since 2000 year, so that has rightfully earned the informal rank of Anime capital

In August 2, 1930 the first Soviet military-airborne landing was dropped 2 km from Voronezh. So August 2 is celebrated as Russian Airborne Forces birthday.

This hard-rock band was formed in Voronezh, named after the unofficial name for the city district. It is perceived as a Bad egg of music, but still is popular. Its song was used in Guy Richi’s film «Rock’n’rolla».

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CURRENT PROJECTS TYPICAL

Hotel «Mariott»

UNIQUE

Architecture: “5s Grupp” Project/ realisation: 2012/2015

http://news.marriott.com/2012/08

Reconstruction of Petrovskaya embankment

UNIQUE

Architecture: “Voronezhproekt” Project/ realisation: 2015/2018

http://www.kommersant.ru/doc/2193434

Multifunctional complex «Voronezh-city»

UNIQUE

Architecture: group of companies “Megion” Project/ realisation: 2011/2016

http://www.camcomp.com

Ecological park «Nagornaya Dubrava»

Architecture: MLA+ Project/ realisation: 2012/ –

http://www.dprvrn.ru/index.php/novostimnogofunkt sionalnogo-parka/

UNIQUE

Industrial park «Maslovskiy»

TYPICAL

Mariott is a typical dotty development in the city Centre. Multifunctional complex with hotel, shopping and administrative functions.

Architecture: JSC “Winky” Project/ realisation: 2009/2015

http://vinkorp.ru/investoram-i-rezidentam

Resedental complex «Botanicheskiy»

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Architecture: construction company «Vybor» Project/ realisation: 2015/under construction

Voronezh still has a very underdeveloped waterfront. An important public space was created around the site of the first city wharf. Further development is being discussed now with a numerous projects proposed around the site. For example, the proposal of Voronezhproject for residential, sport and recreational area. An example of redevelopment in Voronezh, where there are many former industrial buildings in the centre. Previously, the area of «Voronezh City» belonged to the group of industrial com¬panies «Energy», which produces rock¬et engines.

The city of Voronezh is located within rich forest area, some of the forests create green corridors within the city, others link city to the bigger natural reserve areas. MLA+ was involved in the project for one of the gateway parks to the ecological reserve. One of 5 industrial parks in Voronezh and Voronezh region, founded after Regional Government decision. Financing is provided from budget of Voronezh region and the Investment Fund of Russian Federation. The speciality of «Maslovskiy» park – is engineering and metalworking. A huge multi-storey complex within the city¬borders projected in modernistic traditions on a prestigious plot near botanical garden. The city still lacks for a high-quality housing.

http://vyborstroi.ru/

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HOT TOPICS « Now Voronezh has lost the direction for its movement. And I consider that the main task facing all of us in the future — is a search of a space for development, allocation of its main values and elaboration of approaches to them. And the most painful one – the realisation of pedestrian zones. »

Konstantin Kuznetzov, architect

Heritage demolishing

How to raise touristic attractiveness?

During the WW II, the historical heritage of the city was heavily destroyed, some monuments were reconstructed, others were completely lost. Some - are still in disrepair. The city is careless to maintain the heritage; the strategy for image of city development has not been developed, some sites continue to be demolished for new development.

With an outstanding history and cultural heritage, Voronezh is not too popular even in terms of domestic tourism. A determined policy is needed for tourism and the appropriate infrastructure development. In addition Voronezh is a city of military glory that determines the somewhat restrained character and prevents dynamic development of existing memorial public spaces.

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Absence of human-friendly public spaces

Galloping growth of the city

Many respondents mentioned the lack of public spaces and full-fledged long pedestrian paths: «In Voronezh there is no normal parks. Even the “Aliye Parusa” - is a parody. 10 minutes measured step and the park ended». The absence of any citizen-friendly environment is a painful problem for a city with historical potential.

The active growth of the city faces problems of infrastructure intensity of social functions (recreation, schools, etc.). In addition, even with the status of million-city, Voronezh mentality remains provincial - the activity and interest in the social life of citizens is low, urban communities are not formed. There’s a need for different interest clubs and more educational projects.

Trams elimination & «Case of Tram Avenger»

Dirty reservoir

The tram service was closed completely in Voronezh on the 15 of April, 2009. Such a decision provoked a strong disapproval of the citizens. Widely known was a «case of tram Avenger» - anonymous reports about false bombs in retaliation for the total elimination. By 2010, all tramways were removed, cars - utilized, the territory of the tram depot was put under redevelopment.

In certain seasons many Voronezh visitors note that «the city stinks.» The main reason is the high degree of contamination of the Voronezh Reservoir, came up close to environmental disaster. The main causes of contamination are insufficiently treated wastewater utilities and industrial companies.

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HOT TOPICS Undemanded public transport

Old and weak airport in aviation capital

The level of public transport demand is low, the automobilization tendency prevails. There are practically only buses remained as a municipal public transport; and mini buses private cabbies. The situation has not yet become a stalemate, but with the rapid urban sprawl can become one very quickly.

The airport of the city of legendary TU-144 plane is old-fashioned and remains undemanded. Сomparing with other million-cities the passenger traffic of Voronezh airport is three times lower; an amount of flights is low, the flights are expensive (domestic and international as well).

Civil interaction

Withering industry

Many of the city’s initiatives have not yet been implemented, because of no sufficient involvement of the citizens in this process and a common language with the City Hall is not found. This is the first task - to find common ground with the government and engage in process of urban development. A possible solution could be the creation of Internet projects of civil interaction.

«Despite the implemented local development programs and investment projects, production today is still old-fashioned. Yes, we now have an alternative new Maslovskaya industrial zone, but overall labor productivity in industry lags behind the modern level» - notes City Hall. One solution declared is the creation of new industries, primarily in the sphere of small business.

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CITY INITIATIVES « Now we build an architectural ideology for the city. Development of suburban areas with social housing construction today is not the most important task. A priority is complex development of territories with shabby emergency stock. We need to start construction from these places » Alexander Gusev

Mayor of Voronezh

Voronezh 2018

Strategy 2020

There is an open (which is uncommon for «russian goverment style») program held personally by the city mayor Alexander Gusev aimed to monitor and engage city projects and programs of demanded problems. The project addresses issues of security, development of tourism, road infrastructure, water supply, youth programs, the construction of new areas, waterfront, etc.

Strategy 2020 was approved in 2009. At the forefront was put coordinating, regulating and limiting functions. City will develop in the North, South and East-West directions: land reserve - about 6000 ha. Emphasis is made on the development of areas with shabby housing and the private sector. Voronezh-2020 won’t be a city of skyscrapers - it’ll retain «European town» look.

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USEFUL DUTCH COMPETENCES

STRATEGIC PLANNING

RESIDENTIAL DESIGN

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As the society is ready for a dialog and the existing strategic plan expires within 5 years, there are chances to create a modern effective masterplan and the strategy for the city. Now Voronezh is choosing a vector of compact city, which requires «european approach», where the Dutch could play the role.

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Loft housing development in the city delapidated downtown Housing development in the city North, South and East-West directions Housing in the agglomeration

Necessary problems to be solved: - City image - Ecology - Public transport - Direction for development - Touristic infrastructure

SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY

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Alternative to the trams? Intensification of public transport popularity

PROJECT MANAGEMENT

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Intensification of the activity & events on the existing public spaces!! Arrangement of culture sharing programs (for development of «megacity mentality»)

Arrangement of bicycle infrastructure

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Transport connection within the agglomeration

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Activization of tourism

Night transport system

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Airport activization and development

Eco-activities to reduce littering

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COMPLEX DEVELOPMENT

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Complex development of production

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Development of the city North, South and East-West directions

WATERFRONT DEVELOPMENT

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COMPLEX (RE) DEVELOPMENT

Development of city connection and interaction with Don Voronezh Reservoir cleaning and ecology systems arrangement Development of Reservoir waterfronts

There is a lack of empty land in the city which is a good incentive to redevelopment of: - brownfields - shabby housing

INNER CITY

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City image & architectural principles of development сreation

Pedestrian public zones and touristic routes in the city centre

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KEY PEOPLE WHO CARE CITY HALL

VLADIMIR ASTANIN

ANTON SHEVELEV

Vice Mayor of Voronezh

Municipal council

CITIZENS

ILYA TITOV

KONSTANTIN KUZNETZOV

ANDREW FURSOV

ILYA BEYLIN

«VeloVoronezh» bicycle community activist

organization of architectural forum «Zodchestvo VRN»

the head of public organization of “City and transport”

city activist, blogger, pr-specialist

PROFESSIONAL COMMUNITY

SHILIN ALEXANDER

ALEXEY SANIEV

ENIN ALEXANDER

PYOTR KAPUSTIN

Chairman of the Voronezh branch of the Union of Architects of Russia

Author of the Voronezh Ecopath concept, Ecology activist

Dean of architectural faculty in Voronezh State University of Architecture and Construction

Consultant of Architecture in VSUofAandC, open lecturer, blogger, specialist of urbanistics and culture

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ABOUT the CITY Strategic Voronezh 2018

http://voronezh2018.ru/

Official city’s web-site

http://www.voronezh-city.ru/

On-line newspaper about citylife

http://downtown.ru/voronezh/

Web community «VORONEZH ROOM» (city life and projects info-support)

http://voronezh-room.ru/

Map of Voronezh graffity http://pshpsh.ru/

MAIN DEVELOPERS

Voronezh Developer Company http://www.vrndk.ru/ Construction company «VYBOR»

http://vyborstroi.ru/

Companies group «EUROSTROY» http://www.eurostroygroup.com/

INTERNATIONAL EVENTS X International Forum «VORONEZH REGION - YOUR PARTNER»

www.uefexpo.ru

Architectural Forum «ZODCHESTVO VRN»

zodchestvo-vrn.com

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VORONEZH

GENIUS LOCI Cradle of Russian fleet, the capital of fertile Black Earth, of aviation and Airborne, of anime... Voronezh – is the breadbasket of Russia, feeding it with daily bread, church tolls, ships and aircraft. It has enough for all, as a motherfeeding breast could be enough for each child. Its mission - to nurture and raise children, to love everyone as they are – either a glorious warrior of Airborne or Wild Child with a guitar and badges of «Sektor Gaza». With the wisdom of an experienced woman Voronezh tolerate any puberty age of Russia. With the courage and sacrifice of a real Russian woman Voronezh will go to great lengths to defend the children as did during the WWII. It is comfortable and peaceful in mother embrace, so despite the fact that Voronezh is a megacity, it is perceived as a small town (e.g. like Plyos on Volga (judging by the photos, sent by the city residents for illustration of their sense of the city)). Voronezh is a mother’s house, where you can go back to the roots, be thankful to your mother...

Breastfeeding mother as a symbol of Voronezh generous character

Image source: photo collection «Breastfeeding Goddesses» by Ivette Ivens

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CITY PROFILE

96 17

ur sb

er et tP in Sa

77 10

w co os M

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ROSTOV-ON-DON SOUTH CAPITAL GATES OF THE CAUCASUS PORT OF FIVE SEAS RUSSIAN CHICAGO «ROST-ANGELES» CAPITAL OF DON HARVESTER CAPITAL ROSTOV-PAPA

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ROSTOV-ON-DON

RESUME Conceived as a Russian Chicago and built up as Los Angeles, Rostov-on-Don today – is the largest city in the South of the Russian Federation, the administrative centre of Rostov Oblast and the Southern Federal District. It was founded by the decree of Empress Elizabeth I from 15 December 1749 as the Temernitsaya custom (named after the river Temernik). Located about 40 kilometers away from the Azov Sea, Rostov thus has an access to five seas: the Sea of Azov, the Caspian, the Black, Baltic and White. The favorable geographical position at the crossroads of roads and water ways contributed to the economic development of Rostov. The largest commercial port of southern Russia was formed here, and keeps this status to this day. The multicultural environment is developed here as in any self-respecting port city. In 1887 the city was included in the Don Cossacks area, which contributed also to the development of the city. The economy of Rostov was based on trade, it was called the merchant city, but there were already more than 100 companies here at the beginning of the XX century. During the time of USSR formation Rostov-on-Don began an active construction, it was merged with the neighboring Nakhichevan-on-Don. Historic plan was masterfully reworked by Soviet planners. Rostov is still the most compact million city in Russia. The giant Soviet agricultural machinery factory «Rostselmash» was laid, the country’s largest Drama Theatre of Gorky - the pearl of constructivism - was opened. During World War II the city had suffered a lot of damage - about 12,000 houses were destroyed at the fighting. Rostov-on-Don was among 10 most war-torn cities of Russia. In 2008 it was awarded the title of City of Military Glory. Today it is one of the largest economically developed southern cities of Russia. Almost 50% of trade in the region is in Rostov. Hallmark of the city are such enterprises as JSC «Rostselmash», «Rostvertol», «Baltika-Don», «Don tobacco», «Taurus», «Gloria Jeans», «Aston», «Gorizont», «Almaz», «Pribor», etc. The city is a major administrative, cultural, scientific, educational and a major transportation hub in southern Russia that’s why unofficially Rostov is called «Gate of the Caucasus». In 2012, Rostov-on-Don took the 5th place in the rating of the quality of the urban environment. In 2018 it will be one of the cities that will host FIFA World Cup.

Urban view through wilderness: panorama on Rostov centre from the left bank of Don river. Image source: http://rostestrostov.ru

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GENERAL INFO STATUS

SIZE

Administrative centre 354 km2

POPULATION 1 114 806

EXTERNAL TRANSPORT Rostov-on-Don international airport

Main Train Station. The international seaport Sea cargo port

CLIMATE

Moderate continental +28,3 °C −2,9 °C

FOUNDED IN

1749 city boundary of 1902 city boundary of 1924 city boundary of 1942 city boundary of 2015

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AGGLOMERATION 2,2 mln people The fourth in size when compared sectional monocentric agglomerations in Russia, is the most prominent inter-regional center of social and economic development and attractor for the southern Russia. City and agglomeration have a positive population growth.

NOVOSHAHTINSK

OiL

SHAHTY

NOVOCHERKASSK CHALTYR

AKSAY

ROSTOV-ON-DON

TAGANROG

BATAYSK

AZOV

AZOV Industrial city logistics centre , transportation of cargo by water

SHAHTY

Education and Research Centre for the preparation of specialists for work in the factories

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BATAYSK

Sorting centre rail freight

NOVOSHAHTINSK OiL

AKSAY

Industrial satellite city of Rostov-on-Don, more than 1 000 companies.

NOVOCHERKASSK

Is one of the largest industrial centre s of the Rostov region

STAROCHERKASSKAYA

Plant oil The largest enterprise on tailoring “Gloria Jeans”

STAROCHERKASSKAYA The capital of the Don Cossacks Museum-reserve of 180 ha.

TAGANROG

A port on the Sea of Azov, an important industrial centre in Southern Russia. The centre of steel, mechanical engineering

CHALTYR

Working village with the food industry

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CITY STRUCTURE

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CITY STRUCTURE HISTORICAL PART Comprises the historical cores of two cities: Rostov-on-Don and Nakhichevan-on-Don. During the WWII was largerly destroyed and rebuilt in Soviet times. INDUSTRIAL BELT Most of production is now actively transferred away from the centerand concentrated on the left bank of the Don. On the city mainland the most transport zones are located. RESIDENTIAL AREAS Interesting phenomenon is such as Lengorodok, Zmeyovka, Nakhalovka, Berberovka etc. Having a Soviet modernist plan, they are built up with low-rise buildings. WATERFRONT Waterfront of Rostov is diverse - rivers, the port, proximity of the sea and ponds. But thereâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s only one maintained embankment. In very poor condition is Temernik river.

SPECIAL SITES

Rostov Academic Drama Theatre in honour of Gorkiy 162

Paramonov Warehouses Ruins

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CITY TRAITS

TRADE & PORT CITY

AZOV SEA

ROSTOV-PAPA SENDS HELLO

Rostov has access to 5 seas. As in every port city life is full of trades, dynamics and exotic - Russian Armenians, Greeks, Cossacks, Ukrainians and Jews fill the city with their national colors.

Azov sea is famous as one of the most shallow seas of the world. Rostov is located 60-70 km away from good beaches of Azov sea.

Rostov got the unofficial name of «Papa» after thieves chanson song by Arkadiy Severniy. For a long time, together with «Odessa-mother» was considered as bandit city, so it still retains such a folklore.

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« Rostov is the trade city, people here are accustomed to capitalize upon everything and do bargains. Here it does not matter who you are, it is important what you can offer. Rostov people are hot and temperamental. » Dmitriy, history teacher, local studies expert DON COSSACKS

«ROSTSELMASH» COMBINERS

ROSTOV RAP

In 1749 Don Cossacks have acquired the right for establishment of the customs in Temernik river mouth. Since then, their history is inextricably linked with Rostov.

«RostSelMash» is a large plant for agricultural combiners and machines production, which was established in Rostov for the development of virgin soils.

Rostov rap can be identified as a style hard-romantic rogue rap with deep love for native land. There are many all-Russian famous groups come out of Rostov as «Kasta», «Basta», «Rem Digga» etc.

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CURRENT PROJECTS UNIQUE

Business Centre Class A «Five Seas»

Architecture: SPEECH Project/ realisation: 2005/2012 http://archi.ru/projects/russia

UNIQUE

«IMAX» cinema

Architecture: Ltd. Novaya R.A.S.A. Project/ realisation: 2014/2016 http://www.novate.ru/blogs/080113/22234/

UNIQUE

Stadium, FIFA World Cup 2018

Architecture: Company “Populous” Project/ realisation: 2012/2017 http://avivas.ru

UNIQUE

Airport

Architecture: Twelve Architects & Masterplanners Project/ realisation: 2012/2017 http://realty.rbc.ru

TYPICAL

Residential complex «Pearl of the Don»

Rostov is a large administrative & business city in the South, so there is a stable construction of high-quality offices in the city Centre. One of the latest is «5 seas» project by famous architects Tchoban & Kusnetsov. Despite their architectural quality such objects are constructed dotty without any integrated vision. A case of renovation and unification of several buildings in one recreational complex. The building stands on the pillars, so that the first floor is used entirely for parking. Despite the progressive architecture and function, the building is still aggressive to the surrounding environment. The stadium is built in case of World Cup2018 preparation. It is assumed that the stadium will be a anchor point for development of the left bank of the Don (now – undeveloped).

The project for airport was planned by city administration even before World Cup preparation as a solution for transport and infrastructure problems. The project by English architects will be located in Aksay district in the east of the city.

Housing developmnet has a good quality in Rostov on Don, though all the developments are more dotty and chaotic in a scale of a whole city.

Architecture: ”Snegiri” Project/ realisation: 2014/2016 http://www.snegiri.com/projects/objects

TYPICAL

Embankment reconstruction

Project/ realisation: 2015

http://dontr.ru/vesti/obshchestvo/v-rostove-startoval-vtoroj-e-tap-rekonstruktsii-naberezhnoj/

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There are works on roads and public spaces reconstruction held now all over the Rostov city: building of the duplicate bridge Voroshilovsky, reconstruction of city market or the Don embankment. The reconstruction involves tile replacement with granite and basic landscaping.

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HOT TOPICS « Subway is not the only solution to the city transport problem. We will consider all the variants. These are either construction of the North Tunnel, or paid parking. We shall attentively consider suggestions of foreign investors, who talked about creation of Rostov light metro »

Sergey Gorban’, Mayor of Rostov

Urban activity keeps calm

Dilapidated city HCS

Despite of a good background and means for rapid development, it seems that citizen & administration activity keeps calm, which is mentioned by the most of respondents. Maybe a city selection for FIFA was made in order to stir up the activity here? and even preparation for a championship passes slowly and imposingly.

Roads, pits in roads, rainwater system, maintenance - is an urgent topic of Rostov.In winter it covers with snow, in summer it floods. Even the effective work of current City Manager cannot provide a stable life in the city, as during the years under the previous mayor housing and communal services sector grew old. This leads to permanent disasters.

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Subway project: To be or not to be?

Lack of public spaces coherence

The works on subway creation started in 2008, currently announced a competition for the design of the first line. It was decided to construct ÂŤWest - East NorthÂť line first to relieve traffic jams. Planned date of the 1st construction stage commissioning is 2020. However, the debates on such a panacea to solve the transport problem are still ongoing in the City Hall.

Such city places as Gorkiy park, Cathedral square and the embankment are the most active minihubs in Rostov centre . They are the basic attractors, but in practice they are characterised as closed isolated withdrawed systems. There is a need for pedestrian and infrastucture connections to update the comfort of Rostov urban environment.

Heritage disrespect

Unique city panorama is beeing lost

Most of the historical Rostov was destroyed during the Second World War, the city preserved layout and separate sights, however, policy on heritage boggles the mind. Part of it is demolished, some is hastily reconstructed with cheap materials or is repaired cosmetically without strengthening of dilapidated structures. Plus - the lack of policy in relation to outdoor advertising.

Rostov is probably the only city to the centre of which guests enter directly from the steppe. And the view - it is the first thing people see. But to the left of Voroshilovskiy bridge appeared several multi-storey houses, which destroy a complete picture. An urban expert of Rostov Juriy Trukhachev offers an idea to conterbalance of panorama composition for the problem solution.

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HOT TOPICS Ecology of Temernik & other water basins

LevBerDon development

At present the ecological condition of Rostov’s «five seas» is poor; in the most danger stands the historically important Temernik river. There are also more than 10 banned (because of water quality) beaches, where citizens bathe nevertheless.

The most of the city is located on the high bank of Don River, but the left one (so-called «LevBerDon») is now actively developed. Here the new industrial zone (on which most of city productions are now transferred) and recreational zone (divided from industrial one by Vostochnoye highway) are located. The zone is very important as it forms a view of the сity entrance.

Kumzhenskiy district – is that a joke?

Related transport problems

As envisaged by general plan, in the west of Rostov a new Kumzhenskiy district should be built. But it seems to remain a ghost, drawn on paper. The construction site is a complex of ponds,so the investor would have to produce enormous costs for bank protection, which will increase housing prices. Plus there is the Kumzhenskaya grove - Rostov lungs - located on the site.

Despite the fact that the city is mostly located on one bank of the river, there are constant traffic jams - mostly on the roads connecting new residential districts with the downtown (especially - Prospect Stachek). The authorities prefer to solve problem by hard methods (subway construction) there are other ways (which are partly already strarted as industrial transfer) for solution.

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CITY INITIATIVES « We have interesting projects ... but there hasn’t been any local urban initiatives yet for development of urban environment. «Urban Fest Rostov» was the first. After 1.5 year elections for a new mayor will happen. We want to show the city problems so that the new administration could not ignore us. » Diana Karnaukhova, urban activist «Big Rostov» development

Preparation for FIFA WORLD CUP 2018

There are few empty lands within the city borders for new construction. But the city has the ambition to grow. the Project proposing such a vector is «Big Rostov». Ministry of Regional Development of Russia has prepared a program for 8 key megacities, Rostov as well. «Big Rostov» comprises Rostov-on-Don and 10-12 km zone of towns Bataysk, Aksay, Azov & Chaltyr.

All the respondents mentioned the preparation for the FIFA WorldCup as a main city program, under which several bridges over the Don, highway bypass around the city, the stadium and recreational complex on the left bank of the Don and Airport Yuzhniy are being built, together with the reconstruction of downtown. But works are made in a hurry without a proper strategy.

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USEFUL DUTCH COMPETENCES

STRATEGIC PLANNING

RESIDENTIAL DESIGN

—

It stated that the project of amendments for general plan of Rostov will be made till the mid-2015. The City Hall is open for new proposals and is looking for alternative decisions in many city questions.

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Development of elite housing on water (!!!) in Kumzhenskiy area Housing in the agglomeration of «Big Rostov»

Necessary problems to be solved: - Restoration of dilapidated housing and communal services - Choosing of the city development vector - City image

SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY

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Transport connection with the agglomeration Transport connection with the new residential districts Arrangement of bicycle infrastructure and pedestrian connections in the city centre

PROJECT MANAGEMENT

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Arrangement of events on urban and related themes & citizens activization Arrangement of activities & touristic programs in the city centre Cleaning of the heritage from informational noise

Alternative to subway or the strategy of effective subway launch Night transport system

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ROSTOV-ON-DON

COMPLEX DEVELOPMENT

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Development of housing on water in Kumzhenskiy area

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Development on the left bank of the Don river

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Development of high-rise accents for city panorama shaping

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Development within «Big Rostov» agglomeration

WATERFRONT DEVELOPMENT

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COMPLEX (RE) DEVELOPMENT

Ecology of Temernik and other water basins Development of river embankments (Don;Temernik; Mertviy Donec) Development of city public places for swimming

Revealing of the city centre heritage from unregulated external advertising and uncompetent reconstruction Redevelopment of former brownfields where the production was transferred out to the left side of the Don river Redevelopment of shabby slum territories with the preservation of original urban grid.

INNER CITY

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Shaping of the city panorama City image Adequate policy for heritage preservation & reconstruction

Preserving access of the Paramonov Warehouses

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KEY PEOPLE WHO CARE CITY HALL

VLADIMIR GEYER

SERGEY GORBAN’

The Chief Architect of Rostov-on-Don

Mayor of Rostov-on-Don

CITIZENS

VASILIY GRINENKO

MIKHAIL VEKLENKO

DIANA KARNAUKHOVA

JURIY KORUSHEV

famous industrial city-places researcher, blogger, roofer

organizator of «Urban Factory Rostov» festival and project

organizator of eco-events in the city

https://vk.com/urbanrostov

https://www.facebook.com/urbanfactory. rostov

PROFESSIONAL COMMUNITY

ARTHUR TOKAREV

ALEXANDER VODYANIK

JURIY TRUKHACHOV

VLADIMIR KOZLOV

The chief architect of «Olimpstroy» construction company

director of Ecological resoures Sceintific Centre

the head of Trukhachov Urban Planning Centre

main expert of «EXPERT-YUG» magazine

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http://urgc.info/en/

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ROSTOV-ON-DON

ABOUT the CITY Official city’s web-site ttp://rostov-gorod.ru/eng/

City-news portal

ttp://161.ru/

Official blog about city-life

http://blogrostova.ru/

MAIN DEVELOPERS JCS «AZOVO-DONSKAYA DEVELOPERSKAYA KOMPANIYA»

http://a-ddc.ru/company.php

JCS «NEDVIZHIMOST»

http://rostov-na-donu.cataloxy.ru/firms/www.t-p-s.ru.htm

JCS «DONSTROY»

http://donstroy.biz/

INTERNATIONAL EVENTS 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia

http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/destination/cities/city=35247/index.html

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ROSTOV-ON-DON

GENIUS LOCI «...city, warmed by the faith of the Grey Dogs » Kasta – «Rostov-papa»

Rostov-on-Don is a special Russian city, almost unknown, but overgrown with a variety of informal titles and legends. At the same time it remains in shadows; however, not claiming for the title of the third / fourth / fifth capital. Without any steady appearance, the city has a complicated and contradictory internal image. Southern city of mild climate and harsh character. Standing on the river, the city is a seaport. «It doesn’t matter who you are, it is important what you can offer,» – say the citizens; as well as Rostov says itself – like a deep-rooted mafioso – offering access to five seas, cargo, trade, machinery, money, big money and great deals. The city was badly destroyed during the WWII, so the repartition of the world began in Rostov with the end of the war. In appearance it led to city image change from pre-Revolution merchant to Soviet modernistic one; internally – to redistribution of authorities, where all the vibrant life happens in which not everybody will be dedicated to, but which is legendary all over Russia. During the day the city sleeps, as it should be ready for the evening gathering. Criminal romance, no more! Rostov - is Odessa, where not the Jews, but more rigid, patriarchal and direct by nature Cossacks came. Most citizens say that the city is chthonian, sleepy, slow as a sprawl of crabs in the shallow backwater of the river. As an ancient proverb warned not to trust the quiet slough, one shouldn’t draw hasty conclusions about Rostov. Try to solve the mystery and ambiguity of this sternly romantic southern city, as numerous poets, filmmakers, and musicians in particular often attempt to do. And maybe it can stir up to the dynamics of San Francisco, but this town is just like for the slow pace with the sleepy, antique arrogance and “Tikhiy Don”. The city is beloved with faithful Cossack’s, southerly passionate, thievish love (in case it is not a legend, and such a kind of love really exists).

Don Carleone as a symbol of Rostov-on-Don genius loci. Although the city lacks losk - it has the similar character Image source: http://rak-sha.ru/

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SOCHI RESORT CAPITAL SUMMER CAPITAL PEARL OF THE BLACK SEA

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SOCHI

RESUME Sochi - a pearl of the Caucasus and the largest resort of the Russian Federation, which stretches for 145 kilometers along the Black Sea coast. This is one of the sunniest places in Russia, where the holiday season lasts 200 days a year. After the end of the Russian-Turkish war in the territory of the northern Black Sea coast, it was ceded to Russia, where a system of coastal fortifications was constructed to protect the border. That’s when the history of the city of Sochi had started. At the end of XIX - early XX century, Sochi had started to develop as a resort. It was planned by the best architects of the Soviet Union: Ginsburg, Zholtovsky, Vesnin brothers, Samoilov. The city was created as an amphitheater divided into two - upper and lower parts with Kurortniy prospect. The city was facing the sea by a half ring so that sea and mountains could be seen from any point. Special pride of Sochi is its parks - «Dendrariy», «Riviera», subtropical flora park in Khostа, «Sluchainost» in Adler. It is also worth noting that Sochi is one of the few resorts in the world, located in protected conservation areas. Geographical and climatic location of the city is indispensable for the Russian science. Russia’s only subtropical actively used as a base for scientific research in the field of botanics, medicine, health resorts and seaside building. Today the basis of Sochi economy is tourism and leisure (mainly on the Russian domestic market). Along the coast of the Big Sochi are numerous hotels, pensions, health centers, rest homes, hospitals and health resorts. Food industry and manufacturing are the main and the only industry in the city. In the suburbs of Sochi agriculture is widespread, especially horticulture, cultivation of tea, citrus, heat-loving crops such as pineapple guava, loquat, kiwi; decorative subtropical flor, cork oak. The city is actively builtup with offices and shopping malls. In 2012, Forbes magazine recognized Sochi as the best city for doing business in Russia. The city hosts a variety of important events: film festival «Kinotavr»; Theatre Festival «Sochi Velvet Season»; fashion festivals, organ and jazz; «KVN Summer Cup», Billiard World Championship; International cycling race, regattas and rallies; Mountain Bike championship of Russia. An important landmark in the history and point of growth for Sochi became a right to host the XXI Winter Olympic Games in 2014.

Panorama on the Black sea and Sochi seaport

Image source: «Eto Sochi, detka» vkontakte web-community

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CITY STRUCTURE

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SOCHI

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GENERAL INFO STATUS

SIZE

the largest resort city in Russia 176,77 km2

POPULATION 399 673

EXTERNAL TRANSPORT Sochi International Airport seven railway stations: Sochi, Adler, Lazarevskoe, Khosta, Olympic Park, Krasnaya Polyana, Loo.

CLIMATE

FOUNDED IN

The international passenger seaport Sea cargo port

Humid subtropics +23,6 째C +6,0 째C

1838

city boundary of 1913 city boundary of 1985 city boundary of 2015

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SOCHI

AGGLOMERATION 1,9 mln people Polycentric, largely hidden (most agglomeration is settlements). The story of the Sochi monocentric agglomeration opened with the accession of Hostinsky administrative district to the city of Sochi.

GOLOVINKA LAZAREVSKIY

KRASNAYA POLYANA

LOO DAGOMYS

HOSTA ADLER

HOSTA

Municipal formation resort city

ADLER City resort Seaport “Sochi Imereti”

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LOO

Resort districts of the town of Sochi, sanatorium “Magadan”

LAZAREVSKIY

One of the largest resort and recreation centre s of the Black Sea

KRASNAYA POLYANA Centre of skiing and snowboarding Mountaineering

DAGOMYS

Resort Pension and health complex “Olympic Dagomys”

GOLOVINKA Resort districts

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CITY STRUCTURE HISTORICAL PART The historical core (of 1838 to 1909) is small and was formed by summer villas drawned in greenery.Later the city was developed as a Soviet resort with wide streets and individual soviet architecture. INDUSTRIAL BELT Sochi is absolutely not an industrial city with only food and agriculture production. So the presence of industrial zones is minimal exept the browfields formed by railways. RESIDENTIAL AREAS Residential areas are half soviet half individual cottages, but even the soviet block have a kind of «southern» manner here.

WATERFRONT Sea waterfront of Sochi is its «lactating mother» and is used as a port, promenade and, of course, as a beach. But the city stands on river Soch as well, the waterfront of which is equipped but empty.

SPECIAL SITES

Sochi arboretum («Dendrariy») and cableway 186

Sochi seaport

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SOCHI

Sochi is a city where historical core, soviet and postsoviet development merge together forming a unique chaotic and at the same time integrated image.

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CITY TRAITS

RESORT CITY

MACESTA

CITY FROM CINEMA & «KINOTAVR»

«Each Soviet citizen at least once rested in Sochi» said the famous quote. Sochi was visioned and developed as a Soviet resort Heaven - Garden city - with the best hotels, architecture, plants and landscape design.

Matsestinsky resort - the largest medical spa complex of Russia on medicinal sulfurous springs with unique methods of treatment using Matsesta baths.

The city is a legendary venue for shooting domestic (Soviet and Russian) films. The most prestigious cinema festival «Kinotavr» is held here in Sochi.

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SOCHI

« An amazing phenomenon of Sochi is that different city areas are located in different climatic zones. While in the coastal areas one can still sunbathe and swim in the sea, in the northern city part one can already ski and play snowballs » Roman, economist OLYMPICS CITY

VILLAS

«KVN» CULTURE & FESTIVALS

The city held XXI Winter Olympics in 2014. For that purpose a large sport complexes were built in Adler and Krasnaya Polyana regions.

Sochi was also a place for priveleged resort, where famous figures preferred to built «dachas» (or villas). Among the most known are J. Stalin, manufacturer N.Mamontov and songstress V.Barsova.

«KVN» - is a popular Russian games close to the spirit of comic Stand-Ups. Sochi is famous for its comedy teams and as a place for Summer Cup of «KVN».

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SOCHI — A SOVIET IMAGE FOR «GARDENS OF E

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EDENÂť

Sochi resort at the Soviet period

Image source: http://bump.ru/page/adaptive/id361776/blog/3041218

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CURRENT PROJECTS UNIQUE

Recreational theme park «Sochi park»

Developer: «Sochi park» Project/ realisation: 2012/2014 http://sochipark.ru

TYPICAL

Apartment complex «Actor Galaxy»

Architecture: SPEECH Project/ realisation: 2012/2013 http://archi.ru/projects/russia

TYPICAL

Residential complex «Romanovsky»

Built to the Sochi Olympic games, «Sochpark» is the only theme park on the Black sea in Russia. The park is situated in Adler near Olympic park and have all necessary infrastructure on its terriory, so that it hardly interacts with the surrounding environment.

The coastline of the city is being actively developed now with multistorey hotels and apartments of premium-class (e.g. «Hyatt» or else). 26-storey multifunctional complex «Actor Galaxy» was built on of the territory of the former soviet sanatorium «Actor».

Low-rise apartaments of business class.

Architecture: Ltd. “Sochi Housing and Construction Company” Project/ realisation: 2012/2017 http://www.vestum.ru

TYPICAL

Apartaments «Santorini Club»

Apartament complex «Santorini club» set a rare for new projects of Sochi example of a blurred into the city landscape architecture.

Architecture: “Creative Workshop Lozinski and partners” Project/ realisation: 2008/2013 http://arch-sochi.ru

TYPICAL

Residential complex «123»

Typical economy-class residential project.

Architecture: ZAO “Universal” Project/ realisation: 2013/2018 http://www.sochi123a.ru/zhiloj-kompleks

TYPICAL

Residential complex «5 islands» Architecture: “Siberian Construction Company” Project/ realisation: 2014/2015 http://www.sochiksk.com/teatralniy-37.html

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Surprisingly, in the small town of Sochi, there is a tendency for the construction of high-rise apartments of any class. In combination with a relief such a development changes the city look quickly.

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SOCHI

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HOT TOPICS « The most burning issue facing the city is a re-utilization of the so-called «Olympic legacy». This question consists of plurality ones... It was important to hold the maximum quality of the event. And now please tell us, dear gentlemen urbanists, what to do next »

Roman Fisenko, urban studies expert

Olympic legacy condition after the Games 2014

http://varlamov.ru/1269721.html

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SOCHI

Olympic legacy condition after the Games 2014

Image source: http://varlamov.ru/1269721.html

Olympic legacy condition after the Games 2014

Image source: http://varlamov.ru/1269721.html

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HOT TOPICS Railway and highway along the coast

Rapid blocking of housing

There is a railway road running along a big part of a coast, influencing attractiveness of these zones as a resort ones. The same situation with an automobile highway connecting Sochi centre with Krasnodar runs through almost all the Lazarev district close to the housing, which reduces the capacity of the road and creates environmental problems for many residents.

Sochi was visioned as a pure resort city combining advantages of mountain spirituality of Switzerland and bliss of French Riviera. The best soviet architects worked for creation of the city image. It had two levels called amphitheaters, which creates a complicated skyline. Postsoviet development destroys the initial image and raised the need to rethink the image of the city.

Development of non-touristic sectors

Lack of personnel for international class resort

What can the city be about exept the summer resort season? After the intensive stimulation of infrastructure the city now has a great opportunity to develop other sectors of its economy.

Looking at the perspective of international class tourism & service development, it is necessary to think about nurturing of personnel with appropriate level of skills and culture. Or import of such a staff from other cities. Both of these decisions cause a number of strategical tasks to be solved.

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SOCHI

CITY INITIATIVES « It’s no secret that investment forums began to be held here, and therefore a variety of world-class discussions, including those on urban issues. There are plenty of architectural competitions. After the Olympic Games the theme of its transformation has been intensified » Svetlana, «MK» correspondent

Life with the lack of strategy

City lived without the General Plan almost 20 years , which naturally had a negative impact on its infrastructure. And in 2009, the new General Plan was created. However, due to intensive events within the city it is already obsolete. There is no planned budget in the city for working on the changes in General Plan 2009. There-

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fore, it is assumed that the work will be carried out fragmentary, as the approval of exact planning projects, primarily the central part of Centralniy, Adler and Lazarev areas. The coming up city news and hot topics fully reflect selected «strategy»: issues are addressed not strategically but upon receipt.

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USEFUL DUTCH COMPETENCES

STRATEGIC PLANNING

RESIDENTIAL DESIGN

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The situation with Sochi is now monitored by federal Government, but is still not solved. The time has come for choosing the strategy of «post-Olympic» Sochi development.

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Necessary problems to be solved: - Integration of Olympic legacy into the city infrastructure and economy - Development of resort of International level - City image urban policy - Development of non-touristic sectors of economy

SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY

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Transport connection along the coastal agglomeration Arrangement of bicycle infrastructure Railways on the coast? Affordable means of transport (How to sustain an expensive means of Olympic transport)

Housing in the agglomeration of «Bolshoy Sochi» along the coast Elite housing development & housing typologies differentiation – Villas (Dachas) – Penthouses – Long-stay apartaments

PROJECT MANAGEMENT

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Arrangement of training for international class service personnel Filling of empty olympic objects with functions: – «Gorky Gorod» (ski-resort) – Olympic park – Stadium «Fisht» – Hotel Complex «Barkhatnye Sezony» – Adler-Arena – Media-centre , etc.

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SOCHI

COMPLEX DEVELOPMENT

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Development of non-touristic clusters

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Development of satellite cities within the «Bolshoy Sochi»

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WATERFRONT DEVELOPMENT

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COMPLEX (RE) DEVELOPMENT

Development of Sochi river embankments

Removal and redevelopment of needless land (parking plots, lawns, ...) after Olympics Redevelopment of decaying soviet architectural heritage

INNER CITY

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Reinventing of the city development image, skyline and architectural idea

Modernization and verification of sea coast zones Railway-along-the-coast problem solution

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KEY PEOPLE WHO CARE CITY HALL

ANATOLIY PAKHOMOV Mayor of Sochi

CITIZENS

MIKHAIL KRAVCHENKO

ARTYOM GURDZHYAN

MADINA SUYUNOVA

administrator of bicycle club «Double Wheel» of Sochi

art-director for events in bar «Juan Ivanich»

director of 3D modelling workshops «PROTOBIONICS | SOCHI»

OLEG A. KHARCHENKO

OLEG F. KOZINSKIY

The chief architect of «Olimpstroy» construction company

Honoured architect of Russia

https://vk.com/doublewheel

https://vk.com/protobionics

PROFESSIONAL COMMUNITY

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ABOUT the CITY Official city’s web-site http://sochiadm.ru/en/

Online magazine of local architecture and realty

http://arch-sochi.ru/

City-news portal

http://www.sochi-express.ru/

Official blog about city-life

http://blogsochi.ru/

MAIN DEVELOPERS NAO «CENTRE -OMEGA»

http://www.centre -omega.ru/

INTERNATIONAL EVENTS Computational design workshop «SPOTCAMP SOCHI 2014»

http://2014.spotcamp.org/

Workshop on Computer Design and 3D-prototyping PROTOBIONICS | SOCHI

https://vk.com/protobionics -

XIII International Building Forum «SOCHI-BUILD» http://www.sochi-expo.ru/?part=show&id=326

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SOCHI

GENIUS LOCI Sochi – is a testing ground for the construction of Dreams. It is a city of Big projects. If we assume that each city has its own destiny, then Sochi’s fate is similar to the fate of great genius’ wife. Forgetting herself (no matter how clever and beautiful she is), she lives to support someone Genius, not for the sake of his great ideas, but for him. To encourage him, being a muse and a rear. This is the power – this is the weakness. Sochi is not so much for people…. No! It is for «ideal people» from the «ideal world». Sochi dresses up in images of Soviet or Russian vision of Paradise, each time becoming a muse for the whole country. This resort heals not the body, but the soul of Russian people by the embodied great ideas. Because our souls much more often suffer not from a lack of sea and sand, but from a lack of great meaning and vision for future. Therefore, from this point of view, it suits Sochi to wear dresses of excessive scale. Naturally, any great idea has a downside, like any dress has one. Here it is visible by naked eye. On the background of sea, sun and palm trees great ideas look dramatically and with an anguish, so that one could wonder why they bother to build an utopian paradise, if nature has created it here naturally? But this question should be addressed not to the wife, but to the genius. Such is the fate.

Lenin monument in subtropical palms as a symbol of Sochi character Image source: «Eto Sochi, detka» vkontakte web-community

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NIZHNIY NOVGOROD «GORKIY» CAPITAL OF VOLGA REGION POCKET OF RUSSIA

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NIZHNIY NOVGOROD

RESUME The story of the city of Nizhniy Novgorod started in 1221. The city was growing and developing on the west side of the Volga river, at it’s picturesque confluence with the Oka river on a high coast of Dyatlov Hills. With the largest Nizhny Novgorod Fair inauguration in 1822 the city started to become a center of nationwide merchantry, and by the early 20th century had become the main city of national and international trade. Since the Soviet period the Fair was closed, and the city’s economy began to develop in the direction of industry. The city of Gorky (named at that time in honour of famous writer Maxim Gorky, born in the city) became one of the largest All-Soviet Union industrial centers, with the leading role of automotive and shipbuilding enterprises. Because of strategically important defense enterprises located here, the city was closed to foreigners from 1959 to 1991. Up to now, the leading industry of Nizhny Novgorod is mainly oriented towards transportation (auto industry, shipbuilding, diesel engines, aircraft manufacture, and machine tools) with the largest «Gorky Automobile Plant» (or «GAZ»), famous for its iconic car models of «VOLGA», «OKA» and «GAZIELLE». Nizhny Novgorod is one the centre of the IT Industry in Russia. It ranks among the leading Russian cities in terms of the quantity of software R&D providers. «Intel» has a big software R&D center and major datacenter in the city. The city is one of the largest historical and cultural centers of Russia as well. There are more than 600 unique historic, architectural and cultural monuments. With the events such as Marevo Opera, 2013 National Centre of Contemporary Arts of NN has shown itself to be a driver of artistic innovation and creative modernity in the region. What’s unique to Nizhniy Novgorod is creative citizen activity, represented by DIY culture (led by pay-per-minute cafes and “third places”, that play host to film screenings, poetry slams, lectures and other), street art actions (in bed of historical heritage preservation); there are also many architectural festivals and competitions led by local universities, activists and city’s patrons (such as M.Ignatushko).

Panorama view on Oka river

Image source: «Tipichniy Nizhniy Novgorod» vkontakte web-community

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GENERAL INFO STATUS

SIZE

Administrative centre 411 km2

POPULATION 1 250 615

EXTERNAL TRANSPORT Strigino Airport NN Moskovskiy NN Sortirovochniy Passenger river harbour

CLIMATE

Moderate continental 19o C -9o C

FOUNDED IN

1221

city boundary of 1883 city boundary of 1929 city boundary of 2015

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NIZHNIY NOVGOROD

AGGLOMERATION 2 088 088 people The agglomeration of Nizhniy Novgorod is one of the biggest Russian agglomerations. It has an industrial character and is represented by automobile, glass, chemical, petrochemical, pulp and paper branches as well as shipbulding, defense-industrial sector and information technologies and telecommunications production. There is a remote possibility for attachment of the adjacent territory of Bor for new office&residential district «Gorod bydyshego» [City of the Future] building.

GORODETZ

ZAVOLZHIE

BALAKHNA BOR DZERZHINSK KSTOVO BOGORODSK

OiL

PAVLOVO

BOR

DZERZHINSK Glass industry (for car windows & glassware)

KSTOVO OiL

Fuel industry

Chemical industry, plastic & rubber materials production

BALAKHNA Pulp & paper production, Bus production

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BOGORODSK Historical tourism, Leather and garment manufacture

PAVLOVO

Mini-bus production

ZAVOLZHIE Motor production

GORODETZ Shipbuilding, Artistic crafts, Historical tourism

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CITY STRUCTURE

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NIZHNIY NOVGOROD

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CITY STRUCTURE HISTORICAL PART Central core was formed around an ancient Kremlin and was re-planned with radial regular grid and according to the relief. The historic centre also includes Nizhegorodskaya fair. INDUSTRIAL BELT As Nizhniy Novgorod was rich trade city in Russian Empire and a large industrial centre during USSR, there are both large soviet panel plants and red-brick manufactures situated here. RESIDENTIAL AREAS In Soviet times Nizhniy Novgorod grew as an ideal social city. There were several big plants around which regular modernistic residential microrayons were formed. WATERFRONT The city lies only on one high-coast side of Volga River, so that the waterfront is contrasting.The coast relief of Volga and Oka Rivers is outstandingly high-graded.

SPECIAL SITES

Chkalovskaya stair & Kremlin

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CITY TRAITS

DYATLOVY GORY

SHUKHOV TOWERS PLACE

MAXIM GORKIY HOME

The city was founded on Dyatlovy Gory (literally - «Woodpecker’s Mountains») - a high coast of the Volga river, which creates a picturesque city landscape and skyline.

Russian engineer Vladimir Shukhov made many of his famous towers in Nizhniy Novgorod region, including the first one for the Expo,1896. Most of them are destoyed.

Nizhniy Novgorod is a motherland of famous soviet writer Maxim Gorkiy. From 1932 to 1990 the city was named «Gorky» in honour of the writer.

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NIZHNIY NOVGOROD

« Nizhniy Novgorod is an optimal town as it keeps balance between metropolitan bustle and provincial tranquility » Maria, architect

NIZHEGORODSKAYA FAIR

«VOLGA» CAR

STREETART ACTIONS

Nizhegorodskaya Fair, located on left side of the Oka river, was a great urban complex for trade&expo in Russian Empire. Due to the Fair NN is called «Pocket of Russia»

The most prestigious, comfortable and well-designed car named «Volga» adorable by all the USSR, was presented by «GAZ» motors factory in Nizhniy Novgorod

There is a rise of different artistic activity in the city. But an outstanding phenomenon are street art actions in defense of the decaying architectural heritage of Nizhniy.

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CURRENT PROJECTS UNIQUE

Complex waterfront reconstruction

Architecture: NizhegorodgrazhdanNIIproekt Project/ realisation: 2013/2020 http://progorodnn.ru/news/view/82056

TYPICAL

The building of the Nizhny Novgorod regional court

Creation of a continuous recreational pedestrian space in historical part of Nizhny Novgorod. It is assumed to divide transport and pedestrian flows using underground space, to run light rail and cable cars, create underground parking. The project is remarkable for the urban development in the city. There is a lively construction in the centre of Nizhniy Novgorod. Regional court building - is an example of dotty, but good quality development.

Architecture: Architectural bureau “A.LEN” Project/ realisation: 2013 http://archi.ru/projects/russia

UNIQUE

Smart city «Novinki»

Architecture: Company KVARTSTROY NN Project/ realisation: 2014/2015 http://kvartstroy.ru/nn/novinki

UNIQUE

Football stadium «Nizhny Novgorod»

Architecture: “Stroytransgaz” Project/ realisation: 2014/2018 http://xn--2018-94d9anja5l.xn--p1ai/

UNIQUE

Complex of jumps

Architecture: Assael Architecture, Careyjones Architects LTD and Wilkinson Eyre Architects Project/ realisation: 2009/2015 http://www.domostroynn.ru/?id=63387

UNIQUE

Dwelling house on the street «Chernigova» Architecture: “TMA Nikishin VV” Project/ realisation: 2014/2015 http://www.domostroynn.ru/?id=71551

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As stated by the authors, the project includes best solutions for the urban space (smart technologies and planning, eco transport…), but at the same time it forms a huge(1 mln sq meters of housing) satellite city 2.5 km away from Nizhny Novgorod.

For the construction of a new stadium a symbolic place of Oka and Volga confluence (“Strelka”) was chosen. This place was of a former port, so it could be recognized as a successful redevelopment project. The stadium complex is assumed to become the new symbol of the city. Reconstruction of 4 springboards is part of a master plan for Grebnoy channel development. The most of the sporting facilities of the complex was built in the 50s and since then has not been reconstructed. The renovation will bring the complex to FIS standarts and provide the basis for major international competitions. This residential project is remarkable for its urban planning solution. The project combines open and closed public, private and semi-private spaces, so that it cooperates with the surrounding city environment. A positive example for Nizhniy Novgorod residential development.

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HOT TOPICS « Majority of urban studies specialists agree on the fact that there is no concept of Nizhny Novgorod development. Today we don’t know how many shopping malls, kindergartens and schools the city needs. We still haven’t produced such calculations » Sergey Voronov, ex-vice president of Nizhegorodskaya oblast

Heritage decay & demolition

Dotty chaotic development

Perhaps a visit card of the city is a view of decayng historical (especially wooden art-nouveau) houses. The historical fund has been demolished rather than restored and re-developed. There are some actions in support of saving heritage (such as streetart).

Another usual sight of Nizhniy Novgorod is a sight of a modern high-rise building constructed near an old, decaying low-rise historical house. The current development tends to continue the chaotic unsystematic «construction boom» of 1990-s – 2000s.

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Parking in the centre

Traffic collapse

Due to narrow streets, old-fashioned planning system and no current urban strategy there is a great problem of parking in the historical centre.

Althought there were some actions done to fix the situation, traffic jams is still a serious problem in Nizhniy Novgorod. There is no bypass highway for the city, so all the cargo traffic passes through the city. Special traffic problems occure on bridges, connecting the downtown and residential districts of NN and adjacent town Bor.

Backlog demand on cultural events & places

Ecology & sustainability

Nizhniy Novgorod is a strong cultural and activity centre. There are 35 universities in the city (7th place in Russia). As was mentioned by our respondents, the supply of cultural events, art-platforms and creative spaces is insufficient for such an active demand.

Nizhny Novgorod, as a large industrial centre , has a high level of air pollution related to emissions from motor transport (83%) and industrial facilities. The city is surrounded by industrial centre s with large volumes of emissions. The Volga and Oka rivers within the city-borders are characterised as high-polluted. The problem of garbage utilizing is also an urgent one.

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HOT TOPICS Unefficient intermodality of transport means

Soviet «ideal microrayons» heritage

NN is one of a few cities which try to develop different means of public transport, including watertransport. But attempts are non-systemic: the level of intermodality is quite low, transport system remains unefficient and uncomfortable. The reason firstly is a unconsidered intermodality and timetable non-compliance.

Current residential areas of Nizhniy Novgorod are typical Soviet microrayons, which are still called «SotzGorod I», «SotzGorod II», etc. These districts of Avtozavodskiy district are another sight of Nizhniy Novgorod, which remains both underevaluated and badly maintained now.

Frozen construction on Nizhnevolzhskaya Embankment

How to create a stable dialog?

The plot was rented for shopping centre construction, but after the change of the government the construc¬tion was banned for future development pf the territory for a public use and water transport development. The litigation still continues. The blue fence of the plot has become a city legend and a symbol of NN, there are even plans to establish a «memorial for blue fence».

The city strategy still doesn’t take local interests & citizen opinion into account. On the other side there is a great social and citizen activity in the city around actual problems. There is an official site for collective petitions from citizens to the city hall, but interests are still don’t reconciled.

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CITY INITIATIVES «There should be a development strategy for Nizhniy Novgorod on the period till 2030»

Vladimir Privalov, ex-Deputy Chief of Сity Administration

Where is the strategy-2030?

«Yuzhniy & Severniy obkhod»

The city municipality of Nizhniy Novgorod recruited an «Urban Economics Institute» for the project of «NN development till 2030» designing, but the compa¬ny didn’t complete the work on time, thus it can’t be financed now. The government is now seeking for an¬other contractor to complete the work.

The government plan the construction of the bypass ringroad around the city to relax the current traffic. The construction process is divided on 2 parts: Northern and Southern ones. The Northern part is now under way, and is planned to be completed till the end of 2015.

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USEFUL DUTCH COMPETENCES

STRATEGIC PLANNING

RESIDENTIAL DESIGN

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The newest update of the strategic plan of Nizhniy Novgorod is frozen by the fault of an executive side, that’s why the creation of the plan is going to be delivered to the other bureau. So right now there is a chance for some qualitative changes!

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Housing in the agglomeration of Nizhniy Novgorod Elite housing development & housin typologies differentiation

Necessary problems to be solved: - Architectural heritage fast decaying - Ecology - Preservation of the city compactness - Traffic problems

SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY

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Integration of water transport and cable way into the transport system Transport policy (traffic prblems solution) Arrangement of bicycle infrastructure Parking policy in the centre Transport connection within the agglomeration

PROJECT MANAGEMENT

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Creation of a city communication platform Any cultural events arrangement are demanded Recultivation-of-the-environmen programs for the existing residential districts (like DIY or something). Nizhnevolzhskaya embankment construction revival

Night transport system

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COMPLEX DEVELOPMENT

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Development of sustainable industries Development of satellite cities within the agglomeration Recreation and cultural platforms within the existing (soviet) districts

WATERFRONT DEVELOPMENT

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Ecology of the rivers

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Development of Grebnoy Channel

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Development of water transport

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COMPLEX (RE) DEVELOPMENT

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Redevelopment of the decaying wooden Art Nouveau architectural heritage Redevelopment of the soviet architectural heritage Redevelopment of several former manufactures in the centre (e.g. flour mill) Redevelopment of industry with sustainable technologies

INNER CITY

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Architectural heritage preservation Principles of development reation Parking policy

Development of a strategy for a left side of Volga development!!

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KEY PEOPLE WHO CARE CITY HALL

OLEG SOROKIN Mayor of Nizhniy Novgorog

CITIZENS

NIKITA NOMERZ

LEONID YAKUNIN

NATALIA MIRONCHENKO

famous for his «Living walls» project street art artist

activist of the cycling movement of Nizhniy Novgorod

director of architectural city-transformation movement «O’Gorod»

EVGENY STRELKOV

MARINA IGNATUSHKO

Local studies expert of Volga River, eko-artist, art-curator, museum planner

Architectural critic, city events and competitions initiator

http://www.nomerz.com/

http://www.ogrd.org/

PROFESSIONAL COMMUNITY

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ABOUT the CITY Official city’s web-site

http://www.admgor.nnov.ru/en/

Portal about city development

http://www.domostroynn.ru/plan_razvitiya_Nijnego_Novgoroda.html

City general plan

http://www.admgor.nnov.ru/gorod/gradostroitelstvo/generalniy-plan-goroda-nizhnego-novgoroda/

Non-official citizen complaint book

http://imhonn.ru/

MAIN DEVELOPERS Developer company «KVARTSTROY NN»

http://kvartstroy.ru/nn

Construction holding «ZHILSTROY»

http://www.zhilstroy.nnov.ru/

Construction company «Avtoban»

http://www.dinastiya.nn.ru/

INTERNATIONAL EVENTS Festival of new culture «ART-OVRAG»

http://street-art-ovrag.ru/

Architectural festival «O’GOROD»

http://www.ogrd.org/

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GENIUS LOCI Have you ever heard about Russian character «Ostap Bender» by soviet writers Ilf and Petrov? The closest analogue to such a character is Jeff Piters aka «Gentle Grafter» by O.Henry. Extremely active, full of ideas (how to steal and sale) and humor these chevaliers of fortune are constantly arranging some «grandioso projects» striking, encouraging and finally tricking all the spectators. Despite the first impression, they are not the hunters for a result. Their main goal is an enjoying life on a noble scale (why not?), delight of a process, and playing with its absurd. They are able to turn any problem into a farce, any opportunity into a carousel. Why we are telling about that? Maybe since Nizhniy Novgorod was a center of merchants (certified cheats!) or located close to Moscow or something else, but the city seems to have the same character. With a high level of initiatives, theatrical humor (in projects and details as well) and bubbling activity the city is able to turn a problem of architecture decay into beautiful street-art campaigns, a project of a new district - into «Manhattan-on-Volga» (of course it won’t be realized reviving Ostap Bender’s heyday:), a new terrace embankment they called «Switzerland» and engage the memorial to a hated blue construction fence (around a frozen construction site). We recommend you to look at all the processes with humor, project in style, think in scale and keep eyes open in Nizhniy Novgorod!

Archil Gomiashvili in the role of Ostap Bender – the character symbol of Nizhniy Novgorod Image source: http://ruwest.ru/upload/iblock/ ca6/ca687f3400358660a30b053c08f37a6b.jpg

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KAZAN THIRD CAPITAL OF RUSSIA (С) SPORT CAPITAL CAPITAL OF TATARSTAN TATAR: «QUAZAN»

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RESUME Officially, the city started 1000 years ago as a fortress of the Volga Bulgaria. At the time, Kazan was a part of the Golden Horde and the Kazan Khanate. In 1552, the city was taken by Ivan Grozniy, and from then on begins the story of the city in the Russian Empire. With the capture of the city, most of it was destroyed, and converted to Christianity Tatars were relocated to the marshy shores of Lake Kaban. Kazan became a city of two cultures and two religions, living side-by-side. In 1804 the University of Kazan - the third in Russia - has secured the status of the city of a large scientific centre, which it retains to this day. Now Kazan trained more than 140 thousand students. Kazan is a large transport and logistics centre, thereby providing major international events. In 2015, the city hosted the Championship of water sports, in 2013 the city hosted the World University Games. Industrial base of the city constitute the engineering, chemical and petrochemical industry, light and food industries. Among the largest enterprises of Kazan stand scale chemical complex Kazanorgsintez, the oldest in Russia, Kazan gunpowder factory, and is unique in the cluster of three Russian aviation industries – aircraft manufacturing plants Capo KHP helicopter industry and engine KMPO. In recent years innovative industries are developing here, including Russia’s largest IT park and a satellite IT-town «Innopolis».

View on main city sites from Bulak channel Image source: http://photo-kazan.livejournal.com

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GENERAL INFO STATUS

SIZE

the capital of the Republic of Tatarstan 515,8 km2

POPULATION 1 205 651

EXTERNAL TRANSPORT International airport “Kazan” Кailway stations Kazan-1 Kazan-2 River port River station

CLIMATE

Moderate Continental +20 °C −10 °C

FOUNDED IN

1005

city boundary of 1730 city boundary of 1946 city boundary of 2015

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AGGLOMERATION 1,6 mln people It is the largest urban agglomeration in the Republic of Tatarstan, located in the northwest of the region, mainly on the left bank of the Volga River. Agglomeration has a monocentric character, includes the cities of Kazan and Zelenodolsk and 6 municipal districts.

BOLSHAYA ATNYA

ZVENIGOVO VYSOKAYA GORA VOLZHSK PESTRETSY ZELENODOLSK INNOPOLIS KAZAN VERHNIY USLON

LAISHEVO

ZELENODOLSK

Engineering centre Main companies: JSC “Airport Tolmachevo”, OJSC “Airline Siberia”.

VOLZHSK

Engineering centre Mari Pulp and Paper Mill (“Marbumkombinat”) - one of the largest enterprises in Russia.

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VERHNIY USLON INNOPOLIS KAZAN

VYSOKAYA GORA

Publisher of the regional newspaper “Vysokogorskie vesti”

BOLSHAYA ATNYA LAISHEVO Agriculture

Science City

ZVENIGOVO Shipyard

Many well-appointed beaches along the coast of the Volga River

PESTRETSY Agriculture Pottery

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CITY STRUCTURE

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CITY STRUCTURE HISTORICAL PART The historic centre is formed around the fortress - the Kazan Kremlin, on the banks of the river Kazanka. Historical and modern centre s concentrated in the pedestrian streets of Petersburg and Bauman. INDUSTRIAL BELT Kazan Master Plan up to 2020 is provided to make industrial companies from several areas of the city. So, the priority should be the reconstruction of the historic centre . RESIDENTIAL AREAS

As everywhere. More areas are in the north and Sotsgorod Azino, post-Soviet period in the east. Also, a lot of villages included in the city.

WATERFRONT The territory of the city is characterized by a very high proportion of water surfaces. Volga, Kazanka (including old bed), a chain of lakes Kaban Lake Bulak.

SPECIAL SITES

White Mosque and Gorodische

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Island Grad Sviyazhsk

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CITY TRAITS

A CITY OF TWO CULTURES

1000 YEAR OLD CITY

TATAR CUISINE

Historical coexistence of Islam and Christianity. Finding the Tatar republic within the Russian state allows each nation to have equal rights. Kazan is one of the most tolerant cities in Russia.

This was the 1st major event in the modern history of Kazan. For such an event a plenty of iconic objects were built as Subway, Kul-Sharif Mosque, Millennium Bridge, Tatneft Arena, a branch of the State Hermitage Museum, and Kazan millennium.

There are plenty of national restaurants with Tatar atmosphere located in Kazan. Here the best recipes of all Tatar cuisine as Echpochmak, Elesh, Chak-chak and Gubadia are accurately kept.

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« Kazan - Capital of Culture! This is East and West! It is Europe and Asia! » Lily, philologist

NURIEYEV & CHALIAPIN FESTS

SUMMER UNIVERSIADE 2013

«RUSSIAN CAPITAL OF JAZZ»

Tatar Academic State Opera and Ballet Theatre. Musa Jalil is one of the largest theaters in Russia and holds on its stage two international festival: ballet and opera.

Summer Universiade - World Student-youth sporting event took place in Kazan on 17 July 2013. Kazan Universiade has been recognized as the best in the history of the competitions.

Kazan calls itself a «jazz capital» of the country. It was Kazan, where in the late 1940s great musicians - e.g. Oleg Lundstrom - came from. Since then, the jazz history of the city was never interrupted.

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CURRENT PROJECTS UNIQUE

SMART City Kazan Architecture: AJM Planning & Urban Design Group, Straits Consulting Engineers, Amanah Capital Group Limited in cooperation with the State Unitary Enterprise “Tatinvestgrazhdanproekt.” Project/ realisation: 2013/2020 http://kazansmartcity.com

UNIQUE

Innopolis Kazan

Architecture: RSP Architects Planners & Engineers (Singapore) Project/ realisation: 2012/2020 http://www.innopolis.ru

UNIQUE

Kaban lake system embankments open competition Architecture: MAP Turenscape Competition/ realisation: 2012/ http://www.kazanlakes.com/

UNIQUE

Multifunctional robotehnopark «Navigator Campus» Architecture: IVAR Project/ realisation: 2014/2015 http://archi.ru/projects/russia

TYPICAL

Kazan Arena

Architecture: Company “Populous” Project/ realisation: 2012/2013 http://archi.ru/projects/russia

TYPICAL

Residential area «Salavat Kupere»

This infrastructure project of the Republic of Tatarstan for a new investment platform creation for international and Russian business, scientific, educational and residential green development. Project is one of the first examples of planning in accordance with the concept of “smart city” in Russia. Innopolis – is a new satellite city near Kazan with the economy based on high-tech industries. Innopolis has already earned the title of innovation hub and attracts talented young specialists from all over Russia.

Significant precedent of the city attention to urban environment development. An open competition for the development of the Kaban lake system embankments opened on June 18 2015. The Winner team Turenscape is going to recieve a contract for the design project of the future embankment. “Navigator campus” includes both the area of office space and laboratories with special equipment and aims to develop projects in fields such as custom robotics, 3D-printing, “smart” devices, systems of “smart home” wearable electronics. It is significant, that the campus is located in soviet microrayon, becoming the attractor point for the environment. The stadium was built in preparation for Universiade–2013 as one of required sport objects, now the «Arena» is going to be restored for World Cup-2018. An example of effective use of the infrastructure heritage.

Despite the presence of breakthrough innovative projects all over the city, there are still an offer of low-class housing in microrayons.

Architecture: SUE “Tatinvestgrazhdanproekt” Project/ realisation: 2011/2016 http://salavat-kupere.ru

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HOT TOPICS ÂŤThe trouble is that the most beautiful lands are either developed as brownfields or have already been privatized so that access to them is limited. We need to clean it up. There are big opportunities here in Kazan, but the problem is that all is crystallized and all is sliced-and-diced Âť

Non-functional public spaces In the city there are several parks, squares, internal territories with the function of open public spaces. However,they have a poor set of events scenarios.

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Rustam Minnikhanov, President of Tatarstan

Low intermodality of public transport The city subway opened one branch and 10 stations for the Kazan millenium. Different modes of transport are not integrated with each other, there is no common transport policy and programs on the use of travel. A lot of money for the Universiade has been invested in the purchase of new trains trams, but at the expense of the old rail system, they do not work effectively.

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Megaevents city

Historical heritage

Modern urban policy is based much on mega-events and therefore investments attraction. Highly successful experience in international competitions Kazan takes the leading place.

For many years the urban community calls attention to the city center and its architectural heritage. With 1000 years of the city there have been many scandals and conflicts rising from the demolition of historic buildings, but at the moment there is a positive trend of heritage respectance. So in 2014 the restoration of the area of the old Tatar settlement started.

Interaction of society & government

Poor quality of residential projects

The strength of local communities is strongly developing here, so the program â&#x20AC;&#x153;Parksâ&#x20AC;? is performed completely with the involvement of local residents and public hearings.

There is no common vector for future development of periphery, and therefore a low-quality urban environment is created here. Kazan is the leader in residential construction (in the Volga region), but the market has not formed a demand for architecture quality yet.

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HOT TOPICS Renovation of industrial areas

Lack of entertainment

As the post-Soviet and post-industrial city, Kazan inherited a gray zone, as well as a huge number of empty city areas. For the new General Plan preparation profitability of transport brownfields redevelopment was calculated.

As a rapidly developing city, Kazan has an insufficient set of entertainment and events.

Touristic programs President of the Republic of Tatarstan: ÂŤKazan hospitality infrastructure is gradually approaching the famous tourist centers in Russia and abroad. Tatarstan is becoming a more attractive place to visit. Our task - is to make the stay of our guests interesting and comfortable. It is important to inspire them to come back againÂť.

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Waterfronts There are several large waterbasins in Kazan: at first rivers Volga and Kazanka, Kaban chain of lakes, the stream Bulak. In 2015, a competition was announced for the development of the concept of Kaban lake embankments. It is a new phenomenon for the entire country. By 2016, the program will be prepared to make water protection zones.

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CITY INITIATIVES The program «Parks» In 2015, special attention was paid to the city urban open space. The program «Parks» was introduced, according to which more than 40 parks should be reconstructed. However, it’s stressed that it is only 25% of all the green areas of the city.

«Now Geneplan Institute of Moscow is developing a Master Plan for Kazan. Estimated term of master plan is determined for 20 years with the prospect of 30-40 years»

More information on the RBC:, http://rt.rbc.ru/tatarstan

General plan of Kazan

«Big Kazan» project

In the near future, the city expects large-scale infrastructure and planning changes in the centre of the city in connection with the recently submitted draft plan “Centre ” (Kazgrazhdanproekt) and emerging in the next 3 years the general plan of the city.

By this term is called the expansion of the territory of Kazan, which will consist of three elements. First of all, the project «Smart City Kazan» - the biggest business centre of Kazan. The second element is «Innopolis» - another satellite city of Kazan, which is now actively developing IT-technologies. The final element will be Kazan itself.

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USEFUL DUTCH COMPETENCES

STRATEGIC PLANNING

RESIDENTIAL DESIGN

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The city is operating for the new general plan, which is considered to be projected in 3 years. Necessary problems to be solved: - Transport accessibility to the city - Inner transport - Life level of citizens - City image - Landscaping of embankments - Relocation of industry

SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY

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Creation of transport system for a comlicated urban grid Creation of сomfortable and high-speed rublic transport Transport connection within the agglomeration Arrangement of the bicycle infrastructure

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New housing is the trend. New districts and districts appear largely in the periphery of the city where detached houses, residential complexes and entire neighborhoods are built Innovative housing within the «Big Kazan» project

PROJECT MANAGEMENT

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Any kind of touristic programs Intensifying of the events activity Improving the quality of the housing stock The development of innovation clusters «smart economy»

Night transport system

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COMPLEX DEVELOPMENT

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Increase the level of cooperation with the neighboring towns of the republic

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Developed road network Implementation of projects aimed at landscaping and beautification of the city

WATERFRONT DEVELOPMENT

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COMPLEX (RE) DEVELOPMENT

Concept for the development of embankments of lakes Kaban Beautification of the entire coastline of Kazan City waters ecology and scavenging

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The priority for reconstruction of the historic centre (the master plan defines the boundaries as follows: Volga River, the river Kazanka, Vishnevsky Str, Esperanto Str). Reconstruction of lands after unprofitable enterprises and storage facilities removal

INNER CITY

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Creation of an architectural image for the city centre Preservation and development of the historically formed cultural levels of the city

The concept for “Zhivaya Reka” Improvement of wetlands (swamps, wetlands)

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KEY PEOPLE WHO CARE CITY HALL

NATALIA FISHMAN

TATIANA PROKOFIEVA

OLESYA BALTUSOVA

Assistant to the President of RT (in charge of public space development and improvements in urban environment)

The main architect of the city of Kazan

Assistant to the President of RT (in charge of the preservation of historical and cultural heritage of Tatarstan).

MARIA LEONTIEVA

ERIC TEREGULOV

ISKANDER YASAVEEV

Initiative group “city parks”

Architect, co-founder of the Association of Young Architects

Lead author of columns in newspapers “Evening Kazan” and “Free Tribune”

CITIZENS

https://vk.com/parkigoroda.kazan

http://www.evening-kazan.ru/categories/osoboemnenie.html http://triboona.ru/user/55

PROFESSIONAL COMMUNITY

ALEXANDER DEMBICH

GULSINE TOKAREVA

NIKOLAI NOVIKOV

An expert in urban planning, K., Associate Professor and Head. Department of Urban Planning in KGASU.

Expert in architecture and urban planning, K., Professor of Urban Planning KGASU, Workshop Tokraevyh “TMT”.

Architect, director of “personal creative workshop of the Union of Architects of the Republic of Tatarstan”, the Head. Department of Architectural Design KGASU.

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ABOUT the CITY Official city administration web-site

http://www.kzn.ru/

Official architecture and urban planning department web-site

http://www.uag.kzn.ru/

Site of Kazan satellite

http://kazansmartcity.com/ru/

Business electronic newspaper of the Republic of Tatarstan «BUSINESS Online» www.business-gazeta.ru/

MAIN DEVELOPERS Investment and construction company «KamaStroyInvest»

http://kamastroyinvest.ru/

«AK BARS Development”

http://akbars-development.ru/

Construction company «Unistroy»

http://unistroyrf.ru/

INTERNATIONAL EVENTS International non-profit movement

http://worldskillskazan2019.org/

2015 World Aquatics Championships

http://kazan2015.com/

Universiade 2013

http://kazan2013.ru/

Kazan Urban Forum 2015 http://kpfu.ru/develop/programma-kazan-urban-forum-ijunya-2014-g-78876.html

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GENIUS LOCI Kazan is a woman. Madonna. Bright, expressive, energetic, powerful, always in step with the time, she knows her strengths, highlights advantages and achieves her goal despite everything. She is catchy, but consistent in actions. This woman does not recognize age: any age for her is a mark in chronology of success & an occasion to update the image. She has a determined character, so all “the evertebrates”, please, get out of her way! It is important for her to shine at the zenith of fame and be surrounded by young, alive and kicking society (and also Kazan adores sport just as Madam Louise Ciccone). It’s a wonder how such a spirit could arise from the capital of conservative culture, professing patriarchal values.

Madonna as a symbol of Kazan character. Photo from Madonna fotosession for «Rebel heart» album.

Image source: http://muzznews.org/2015/01/madonna-prokommentirovala-vyhod-novyh-trekov/

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UFA MUSLIM CAPITAL OF RUSSIA CAPITAL OF BASHKIRIA BASHKIR: «ОФО» CITY OF THREE SCREWS

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RESUME Ufa was initially founded as the capital city of Bashkir people and still keeps this rank. The complicated position on peninsula between two rivers of Ufa and Belaya explained by its initial function of a fortress to resist numerous raids. The Belaya River Waterway (1870) and the Samara-Zlatoust Railroad (1890) connected the city to the European part of the Russian Empire and stimulated development of the city’s light industry. As a result, in 1913 the population of Ufa grew to 100,000. In 20-30s of XX century the rapid development of the city began, so that the gross industrial output increased by 16 times. Ufa industrial complex, enterprises of light and food industries, Ufa Engine Plant and CHP came into operation. After opening of an oil field in 1937 the Ufa Oil Refinery was erected to the North of the city. During World War II, following eastward Soviet retreat in 1941, a number of industrial (aviation, locomotive repairing, cable and textile) enterprises of the western parts of the Soviet Union were evacuated to Ufa. The city also became the wartime seat of the Soviet Ukrainian government. Today the economy of Ufa is developing successfully. In 2014, it increased the volume of shipped industrial products, as well as investments. The main industries of Ufa now are refinery, fuel and energy complex and engineering. In the list of 200 largest private companies in Russia, compiled by Forbes magazine, the company «Bashneft» rounded out the top 10 largest enterprises. In the ranking of 2013, compiled by the Institute of Spatial Planning «Urbanica» Ufa became the 7th city by the volume of industrial production. In the list of top 30 business cities of Russia, compiled by the magazine Forbes, Ufa was the 2nd after Kaliningrad. Ufa is the leader among million-cities as the greenest city (202 m² of green space per inhabitant), the most spacious (698 m² per inhabitant of the urban area), the lowest density of the street environment (1 sq km - 1.3 km of streets). The city does not have any completely pedestrian street. As the capital of Bashkiria Ufa is the seat of the central authorities and the mufti of the Central Spiritual Board of Muslims of Russia and the Spiritual Administration of Muslims of Bashkortostan. First Mosque was built in 1830, today there are 18 mosques in the city, plus 3 – under construction. During 9-10 July 2015, Ufa hosted summits of the BRICS group and the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation.

View from the point of Salavat Ulaev monument – panorama of city embankment relief and river Belaya Image source: http://drugoigorod.ru/ufatrip/

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GENERAL INFO STATUS

SIZE

the capital of the Republic of Bashkortostan 707,93 km2

POPULATION 1 105 667

EXTERNAL TRANSPORT Ufa International Airport Trans-Siberian Railway Navigation on the riverBelaya

CLIMATE

FOUNDED IN

Moderate continental + 20 °C −13 °C

1574

city boundary of 1897 city boundary of 1925 city boundary of 2015

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AGGLOMERATION 1,45 mln people The largest urban agglomeration in the Republic of Bashkortostan, located in the central part of the region. The core is million city of Ufa. The basis of the economy of fuel and energy and machine-building complex. Ufa is one of the most modern and the largest Russian oil refineries and petrochemical complexes.

BLAGOVESHCHENSK

KUSHNARENKOVO

UFIMSKIY RAYON

IGLINO

CHISHMY KARMASKALY OiL

UFIMSKIY RAYON CHISHMY IGLINO Agriculture

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KUSHNARENKOVO Butter Factory

BLAGOVESHCHENSK Mainly steel factories

KARMASKALY OiL

Oilfield Refining industry

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CITY STRUCTURE HISTORICAL PART Central core is located far to the south of geographic centre of the city. Historical plan assumed a rectangular grid, crossed by a steep ditch on the southeast (now Salavat Yulaev prospect) INDUSTRIAL BELT The main industry (oil refining industry) is located in one cluster in the North of the city.

RESIDENTIAL AREAS The residential districts are located to the North from the city centre in a «conga-tail». Also there are large shabby districts located here on central lands. WATERFRONT The city has a beautiful stepped river banks, but there is only one embankment, which is now just under construction. The other parts of banks are full of with shabby housing.

SPECIAL SITES

Salavat Ulaev Monument Ensemble 258

Ufa Mosque «Lala Tulpan»

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CITY STRUCTURE

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CITY TRAITS

BASHKORTOSTAN REPUBLIC

ZEMFIRA RAMADANOVA

HOCKEY CLUB «SALAVAT ULAEV»

Ufa is a capital of Bashkortostan Republic - a country in the Southern Urals and in the Urals, named for the indigenous people - Bashkirs (or Bashkorts) with its own culture, religion and extraordinary nature.

One of the most important contemporary person on Russian music scene - Zemfira Ramadanova - was born in Ufa.

The city is famous for its hockey club «Salavat Yulaev» - one of the strongest clubs in Europe and CHL. The club gives strong players for the Russian national hockey team.

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Very long, in the mountains and with a lot of greenery. People on the bus speak a language, that I don't understand - in Bashkir or Tatar Maria, urban planner

Incredibly beautiful landscape

Gulnaz, architect

OIL

DUAL CONFESSIONS CITY

BASHKIR MILK & HONEY

The city is a big centre for mining and especially oil. The city is a large oil refinery.

A feature of the Republic of Bashkortostan is a multinational population, which determined its polyconfessionalily. Two prevailing religions are Sunnite Islam and Orthodox Christianity.

«Bashkir Honey» is a traditional sort of wild honey and a registered trade mark. There are many national dishes which are made with the use of the honey, especially known is «Bashkir honeyed kymyz».

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CURRENT PROJECTS TYPICAL

Hilton Garden Inn Ufa hotel

Dotted closed to the environment development in the city center.

Architecture: ”Kesco” Project/ realisation: 2012/2015 http://kesco.ru/index.php?id=19

UNIQUE

Multifunctional residential complex «Four Seasons» Architecture: ”Zhilstroyinvest” Project/ realisation: 2015/2018 http://gk-4seasons.ru/

TYPICAL

Residential complex «Serebryaniy rychey»

An example of a project, which influence positively on surrounding environment. The residential complex is situated in the city near a parkzone, which will be restored and landscaped at the expense of «Four Seasons» developer.

A typical example of multi-storey housing massives on the outskirts of the city.

Architecture: construction company “CRONA” Project/ realisation: 2013/2016 http://www.silverrill.ru

TYPICAL

Residential complex «Tikhaja rosha»

A good example of residential complex within the urban environment.

Architecture: “Zhilstroyinvest” Project/ realisation: 2014/2017 http://gk-tr.ru/

TYPICAL

Neighborhood «Sputnik»

The satellite city of townhouses produces a new comfortable residential environment and the spread of suburban area.

Architecture: LLC “PromGrazhdanProekt” LLC “BashProekt” Project/ realisation: 2011/2015 http://www.sputnikufa.ru

TYPICAL

Residential complex «Milovsky Park»

Architecture: Ltd. “KilStroyInvest” Project/ realisation: 2014/2018 http://milpark.ru

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Sometimes there are quite pleasant examples of residential areas with the correct infrastructure, architecture and mid-rise buildings. Unfortunately, they all are built on the outskirts of the city provoking urban sprawl.

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HOT TOPICS « Over the past 20 years, the city was ruined simply by dotty development & without creation of transport scheme. But we still act in fragments, on some local areas, deciding perhaps non-critical issues. But in the main we are not moving. City doesn’t operate as a unified, coherent system » Rustam Khamitov, Head of Bashkortostan

Karst areas

City on peninsula

Ufa is a specific city. There are practically no other megacity, standing on highly karst (soluble) rocks. What threatens the city? If gypsum rock dissolved, a cavity appears and then the rock fails. Such cases happen about once or twice a year. The risk of such failures in Ufa is quite high. Today dozens of homes are in such a dangerous condition.

Ufa is located on a peninsula between two rivers Ufa and Belaya, so the city is a linear, extended by 60 km structure. Development of Ufa formed pointwise and with strong submission to natural conditions (rather than urban logic and functionality). That creates some chaos for its plan, especially in districts beyond the two rivers.

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City canalisation and rainwaters systems

Public transport is dying

A distinctive feature of Ufa urban environment is first of all mud (in autumn) and water (in the spring) on the sidewalks... and everywhere. The lack of established system of storm water runoff in the city was the first problem mentioned by most respondents of the research.

The first sign of problems with public transport in the city is the presence of private taxis in it. In Ufa this type of transport is common and gains popularity. The transport system doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t completely cover the entire city, transit shelters and vehicles are in poor condition. There were projects for dedicated lane, metrobus & high-speed railway, but they still remain on paper.

Transport connection of the conga tail

Where to develop?

Ufa is an extensive city, streched for 80 km (if with suburbs). The city developed linearly, residential massives do not surround, but stand in conga tail to the city centre . It is evident that traffic flows are growing, especially on the North-South axis. Routes to the west and east from the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s axis are operating badly.

The in-between-two rivers location of Ufa slows its construction development down This fact could become either trouble or rescue for the city. The latter would be in case the strategy of the city will head for redevelopment of industrial, shabby and in-between areas, which are abundant.

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HOT TOPICS Cultural heritage ruins

Chaotic private businesses

In recent years, 140 from 300 monuments of architectural heritage were actually irretrievably ruined in Ufa. Today very few admirable monuments remain and they are in a very poor condition. Thereâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a map, made by city activists which reveals the condition of Ufa heritage (Blue indicates an object destroyed, red - demolished, yellow - requiring restoration, green - restored.)

There is a demand for a shops-in-a first-floor services in cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s residential districts. If such a need appears in the city, it should be done centrally. Now the implementation is not centralized so that it results in plenty of separate stairs, blocking entirely the sidewalks.

Architectural image of the city

Grey wooden heritage

Lack of taste leads to the fact that we build wrong things and in wrong place - says the head of the city Rustam Khamitov. Ufa is a rich city (capital of the republic), which is able to host expensive qualitative iconic architecture In preparation for BRICS summit some attempts were made, but unfortunately without a sense of taste. On the photo - Dynamo Stadium.

In July 2015 a strange decision was made in Ufa - all the wooden (historic and dilapidated) architecture of the city was painted with gray paint.

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CITY INITIATIVES «Our general plan was approved in 2006. However, we understand that it’s necessary to correct it, as it is cut off from life. Development Strategy for Ufa will create a vision of the city...And on this basis we will have the general plan with real deadlines and economic calculations »

Ildar Ibragimov, Chief Architect of Ufa

Development strategy of Ufa 2030

«URBAN–BAYRAM» Forum

The strategy planned to increase the efficiency of builtup areas, the reconstruction and renovation of industrial areas, as well as an expansion of the city due to construction on the territories behind the rivers Ufa and Belaya. A site was also created for invitation of everyone who wants to take part in developing of a strategy. http://ufa2030.ru/o-strategii/

Urban-planning forum UrbanBayram is held the third year round in Ufa. The main objective of the event - to collect all the stakeholders: government officials, developers, professional community, urban planning experts and citizens together to discuss a common vision of the city and produce an adequate strategy for the city. http://urbanbairam.ru/

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USEFUL DUTCH COMPETENCES

STRATEGIC PLANNING

RESIDENTIAL DESIGN

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The main city problem is a lack of any strategy for a development, while its complicated situation requires to produce one.

New housing within the redevelopment projects

Necessary problems to be solved: - The vector for development - Compact city: redevelopment or integrated development? - Transport connection - City Engineering Networks repair - Heritage preservation

SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY

— — — —

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Transport connection within the complicated city territories Enhancement of municipal public transport: vehicles, routes, stops, ... Development of bicycle infrastructure (Ufa has already started, but the arranged network seems to be incorrect) Night transport system

PROJECT MANAGEMENT

— — — —

Intensification and participation in programs related with citylife and urban projecting (making an existing activities converted to life) Arrangement of touristic programs Intensification of the activity & events on the existing public spaces!! Recultivation-of-the-environmen programs for the periphery residential districts (like DIY or something)

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COMPLEX DEVELOPMENT

— — —

Development of adjacent territiories within the «Big Ufa» agglomeration Development of an iconic arcitecture, suitable both for culture, history, status of Ufa and architectural taste

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Recreation and cultural platforms within the existing (soviet) districts

WATERFRONT DEVELOPMENT

—

COMPLEX (RE) DEVELOPMENT

Development of an embankment line (as there is a beautiful lanscape for it, but only one empty embankment now)

Redevelopment of the shabby lands (even in centre!!), which could become a rescue for the city development Redevelopment (restoration/preservation) of wooden heritage

INNER CITY

— — — —

City image & architectural principles of development creation Wooden heritage rescue!!! The arrangement of citizen-friendly urban environment Fight against “Potemkin village” for more information see I.Varlamov post: http://varlamov.ru/ 1393217.html?utm_source=ljpost&utm_medium=teaser&utm_ campaign=teaser

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KEY PEOPLE WHO CARE CITY HALL

ILDAR IBRAGIMOV

IREK YALALOV

RUSTAM HAMITOV

Chief architect of Ufa

Head of City Administration of Ufa

Head of the Republic of Bashkortostan

KRISTINA ABRAMICHEVA

MASHA VIKTOROVA

RAILLE GABDULLIN

activist of «Archdefence Ufa» movement (architectural heritage preservation)

urban activist of «UrbanBairam» team

urban activist, organizator of VeloUfa bicycle movement

RAFIL ABDRAKHMANOV

JULIA RASULYOVA

OLGA SARAPULOVA

Head of the Laboratory of Hydrogeology and Geoecology of the Institute of Geology, Ufa Scientific Centre , RAS

Accosiated professor of architectural faculty in Ufa State Petroleum Technological University

«UrbanBairam» forum

CITIZENS

PROFESSIONAL COMMUNITY

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ABOUT the CITY Official city’s web-site

https://www.ufacity.info/

Strategic ufa 2030

http://ufa2030.ru/

City news portal

http://www.bashinform.ru/

MAIN DEVELOPERS Construction company «ZHILSTROYINVEST»

http://vyborstroi.ru/

Construction company «BASHANTEK»

http://bashantek.ru/

Group of companies «TRETII TREST»

http://www.tretiitrest.ru/

INTERNATIONAL EVENTS «URBANBAIRAM» Forum

http://urbanbairam.ru/

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GENIUS LOCI If we submit Ufa as a member of a family, then it is definitely the favorite youngest sister. The head of the family is the spirit of the Earth, conservative and rigid. Baby Ufa is brought up under his command. This is evident in most of its plan (which adapts to the harsh conditions of karst territories between two closely located rivers) and the events going on here (for several times in its history Ufa bent under the conquerors - or ratherdeals with the question peacefully, not defending for independence, as opposed to, for example, “her older sister” - Kazan). Ufa - city, meek, docile, but living in their imaginary, slightly fairy-tale world. This - a little princess, whose wisdom is shining beauty, love and ability to obey. For obsequence little Ufa is generously praised with gifts by her father, such as beautiful landscape, and oil, and honey (is quite important not to spoil the baby!). At the same time it can suffer from unjust violence (for details, look for the posts by Ilya Varlamov, he said he was a witness of such: http://varlamov.ru/1396072.html). The elder Kazan often intercedes for its youngest sister (such precedents happened more than once in history), which so she loves so selflessly because connected by one blood. Yet the wisdom of Ufa - is humility and friendship - no matter with nature, cities or conquerors. Wisdom of being forever young girl, keeping her innocence and charm, not chasing after independence, recognition, “burning hut or galloping horse”.

Little princess symbolizing the charater of Ufa city

Image source: http://vrnkupon.ru/product/skidka-50-nadetskuju-odezhdu-malenkaja-princessa-ot-internet-magazina-mama-56rf-/

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17 km to co

M w

20 54 km to

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YEKATERINBURG CAPITAL OF URAL THIRD CAPITAL CAPITAL OF CONSTRUCTIVISM CAPITAL OF RUSSIAN STREET ART YO-BURG

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YEKATERINBURG

RESUME The city has started in 1723 as the fortified metal works. The iron manufacturing played the key role in the history of the city, with Yekaterinburg plant being the head plant in the Ural region. During the II World War the city became the location of many industrial enterprises relocated from border terrirories. The city is home to the country famous machine factory Uralmash. Initially founded as an industrial city, Yekaterinburg has a strong grid structure, which makes it clear and readable. The intial regular masterplan was developed in 1845. Today Yekaterinburg is the most «compact» megacity in Russia. The size of its built-up area - 20 km from north to south and 15 km from west to east. Yekaterinburg is located at the border of Europe and Asia at the Ural mountains, attractive for it’s touristic trackings routes, ski-resorts and picturesque nature reserves. Today the city has a strong position and is developing as a centre of a strong region. It is the fourth-largest Russian centre of science after Moscow, St. Petersburg and Novosibirsk. The presidium and a considerable number of Ural Branch institutes of the Russian Sciences Academy are located here. The city is one of the country’s largest transport and logistics hubs (the international airport, Trans-Siberian railway and 6 federal highways pass through the city), and remains an important industrial centre (opto-mechanical industry, instrument-making, and heavy machinery, metallurgy, printing industry, light and food industry, military industrial complex). It attracts young population, is famous for its artists, musicians and theatre. The city is special for developing the skyline and currently is home for the tallest skyscraper in Russia outside of Moscow.

Image source:«Tipichniy Yekateringburg» vkontakte web-community

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GENERAL INFO STATUS

SIZE

Administrative centre 491 km2

POPULATION 1 350 360

EXTERNAL TRANSPORT Koltsovo Airport Yekaterinburg Pass. Yekaterinburg Sort.

none

CLIMATE

FOUNDED IN

Moderately continental 17o C -13o C

1723

city boundary of 1932 city boundary of 1947 city boundary of 2015

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YEKATERINBURG

AGGLOMERATION 2 060 000 people Specialized in mining & metal industry the agglomeration of Yekaterinburg is the most important socio-economic center of Ural macroregion, but not the only one. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s main competitors are Chelyabinsk, Perm and Ufa agglomerations. On its territory nine rays settlement can be distinguished forming along fourteen major transport routes, and several concentric zones of settlement (near, medium, far) that vary the intensity of relations between the cities, density of settlements and population density.

NEVYANSK

KIROVGRAD

REZH

NOVOURALSK

ASBEST

VERKHNAYA PYSHMA BEREZOVSKIY PERVOURALSK

ARAMIL

REVDA

DEGTYARSK

SISERT POLEVSKOY KAMENSK-URALSKIY

Metallic and non-metallic minerals mining

VERKHNAYA PYSHMA BEREZOVSKIY ASBEST DEGTYARSK

Metal-processing and other industrial complexes

POLEVSKOY Metallurgy

REZH

Nickel

ARAMIL

KAMMENSK-URALSKIY Metallurgy

Machine building industry, cement

SISERT

REVDA

NOVOURALSK

Polymeric materials, aircraft-repair Machine building industry

Metallurgy

PERVOURALSK

NEVYANSK

Nuclear industry Science City & Technopark

Building materials, pipes, chrome

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CITY STRUCTURE

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YEKATERINBURG

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HISTORICAL PART Though Yekaterinburg has a historical architecture, it hardly can be associated with it. Never-the-less, historical core formed a convenient regular structure with non-typical wide streets. INDUSTRIAL BELT Yekaterinburg is a big industrial centre shaped by several vast city-forming industries with adjacent workers settlements.

RESIDENTIAL AREAS Residential areas were formed together with industry construction. These are agressive masses of modernistic housing. The city grows in the same directions. WATERFRONT Although the city stands on the river Iset’, the waterfront of Yekaterinburg is a structure of lakes. It is interesting, that practically each of city districts has a natural lake.

SPECIAL SITES

«Plotinka», City Pond and Yekaterinburg Circus 284

All Saints Cathedral «Khram-Memorial na Krovi» MLA+

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CITY TRAITS

LAKES AROUND THE CITY

PLACE OF NIKOLAY II FAMILY MURDER

URAL MOUNTAINS & ANCIENT STONES

There are 4 big nature lakes within the city borders: Shartash, Maliy Shartash, Shuvakish and Zdokhnya, as well as there are a plenty of natural lakes in the city region.

The royal family was shot in the Ipatyev house in Yekaterinburg at the night from 16 to 17 of July, 1918. «Cathedral-on-Blood» was built at the place of the house in 1991

The city is famous with its location in the Ural Mountains. Even within the city one can find rock formations (on the foto «Kamennye palatki» located in ZhBI microrayon).

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« Brutality. Asperity. Constructivism heritage.»

Anonym, architect - urbanist

THE CAPITAL OF STREET ART

SVERDLOVSK ROCK-CLUB

YEKATERINBURG HIP-HOP

Street art has become an essential language of communication with urban space here, especially due to the works of artists Timophey Radya & Pasha 183.

Yekaterinburg (former «Sverdlovsk») was one of the hottest points of rock culture in USSR, bands from the local «rock club» had become famous all around the country.

Now Yekaterinburg is becoming famous for its hip-hop: californian glitch hop is superimposed here on an original so-called «ural style» with its specific sence of humor.

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Yekaterinburg — IS A CAPITAL OF RUSSIAN CO

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ONSTRUCTIVISM

Art-photos of constructivism heritage by macrotkani project

Image source: http://macrotkani.com

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CURRENT PROJECTS TYPICAL

Residential district «Solnechniy»

Architecture: “ForumGroup” Project/ realisation: 2014/2024 http://sunny-ekb.ru/about/

TYPICAL

The second phase of the residential district «Academicheskiy»

Architecture: “KORTROS” Project/ realisation: 2015/2030 http://www.akademicheskiy.org/

UNIQUE

Adventure Park «Dreamworks»

Architecture: Group of Companies “Regions” Project/ realisation: 2018/2019 http://upn.ru/news/0/2015/1/15871.htm

UNIQUE

Business district «Yekaterinburg City»

Architecture: UMMC-Holding Project/ realisation: 2014/2022 http://66.ru/realty/news/163437/

UNIQUE

Renovation of the instrument-making factory

Architecture: Т+Т Architects Project/ realisation: 2014/2015 http://archi.ru/projects/russia/8741

TYPICAL

Residential complex «Kandinsky house”

Architecture: Т+Т Architects Project/ realisation: 2013/2016 http://kh.brusnika.ru/

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A large residential district on the city outskirts with the single road connection to the Centre. A project has a good planned infrastructure, but provokes a plenty of commute-related problems for the city in future.

Another example of complex development is a residential district Akademicheskiy on the outskirt of Yekaterinburg. The area was designed by Soviet modernist urban planning principles, which provoke in future all the spectre of related problems.

A theme recreational indoor park will be located near «Yekaterinburg EXPO» centre outside the city. The project is expected to become a new attractor for Expo complex and to the city in a whole as it is the first theme park for the Ural region.

The project is a breakthrough for the urban development of Yekaterinburg as it suppose to create an integrated environment despite separate business district. The project developed a unified system of public spaces and attractors in the city Centre.

The positive trend towards comprehensive redevelopment in the city. As a result of competition the complex of former Ural instrument-making factory will be reconstructed for a bank and hotel designed by T + T Architects. The project is softly integrated into the urban environment. Dotty development in the city (you can see on the picture how it interacts with the surrounding housing). Never the less it is an example of high-quality residential complex in the city Centre built in accordance to city image and green technologies.

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YEKATERINBURG

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HOT TOPICS « We are called the third capital, but why? Moscow has Kremlin, St. Petersburg the Hermitage, and what we have?». it was said by the man who is building Economic-class skyscrapers in Yekaterinburg... Who will invest good, iconic arcitecture in our backwoods? None. »

Andrey Korotich, Doctor of Architecture of Yekaterinburg

Unuseful open spaces

Low intermodality of public transport

«There could be another good public space, but there’s nothing to do there. No trees planted, no small shops, no benches, nothing to do. How it could be so?» - say our respondents about new city’s open space. There are many new public spaces made in recent years in Ekaterinburg, but they all still made in modernistic way - without any cultural events planning.

Yekaterinburg has a subway, but it is not integrated in public transport system (inconvinient due to long intervals of trains, only 1 line). The price for pubic transport is higher than for commercial, which leads to decline of its development. There is also a city electric train line, but «few people know about its existence and route».

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YEKATERINBURG

Poor ecology: air & water

The capital of crime

Yekaterinburg is one of the cities with the highest level of air pollution. The reason is city location in a low wind speeds zone which causes the air stagnation. The main polluter is vehicles, saturating the air exhaust gases, another one is industrial emissions. The same situation with waterfront. Lakes are swamped, river Isetâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; is dumped with industrial waste and even sewage.

Yekaterinburg has a reputation of a crime capital. During a long period the crime rate in the city was at highest positions in overall country ratings. Now the situation is better, but the mentality and fear of citizens about their safety remains.

Absence of city image Although the city has an outstanding constructivist heritage, it is hidden in the chaos of new buildings. Dotty development is not so much an advantage as a trouble of the city. Almost every building looks torn out of the common picture, and it seems that there has never been any general plan ever.

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Decaying soviet infrastructure in residential districts The most of the residential districts (working settlements) were constructed during the Soviet period with a strict functional zoning and all the complex of post-soviet microrayon problems as lack of comfortable human environment. At the same time the districts have interesting natural cases for identity creation (lakes, soviet arcitecture & infrastructure, ancient stones).

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HOT TOPICS No sharing-skills programs

Decaying soviet architecture

The prevailing percent of workers in industry now are old-timers. The youth doesn’t want to work in industry as well as the level of training for working with hi-technologies is rather low. Therefore the problem is how to renovate the production with the lack of qualified skills and working resources?

Incurable sore point Yekaterinburg - the heritage of constructivism. The objects now are fire hazard and emergency stock. One of the solutions is the full constructions substitution with concrete, but this is not of economic benefit yet. «We have no other architecture to be proud of», - said the deputy chief editor of «Expert-Urals» Sergey Ermak and offers a plan of action.

Industrial settlements integration

Water disregard

There is a big industrial renovation in the city due to the Strategy. Therefore a great amount of land plots will be ready for redevelopment and integration into the urban environment. In addition the existing industrial-plus-residential districts are living like isolate ghettoes and need to be culturally integrated in the city.

The city has a very «industrial» relation to water - the river Iset’ is used as a waste disposal and a source for production. The lakes are also polluted and are not inadequate for smimming and fishing. There is a lack of designed city embankments.

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YEKATERINBURG

CITY INITIATIVES « Moscow - is Europe. we’re Eurasia. Our region is tied much to China, India, Kazakhstan. ... In my opinion, the absence of a financial centre in this vast region, which includes Siberia, Far East, Central Asia & India, seriously weakens the economy of these areas »

Andrey Korotich, Doctor of Architecture of Yekaterinburg

Strategic plan 2020

«Big Yekaterinburg»

The main goal of the project was a social capital development and urban communities creation. The declaration of the city strategy and general plan was to creatte a city for people. This fact marks problem of people and city detachment. The plan expires in 5 years which means a good potential for strategic planning changes.

The project «Big Yekaterinburg» supposes the creation of a united agglomeration area of Yekaterinburg with the satellite cities (it is Verkhnaya Pyshma, Berezovsky Sredneuralsk, Aramil) for a united economic space through the integration of municipalities, development of transport infrastructure, construction and land development.

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USEFUL DUTCH COMPETENCES

STRATEGIC PLANNING

RESIDENTIAL DESIGN

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As the society is ready for a dialog and the existing strategic plan expires within 5 years, there are chances to create a modern effective masterplan and the strategy for the city

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Elite housing development near the city lakes Housing in the agglomeration «Big Yekaterinburg»

Necessary problems to be solved: - City image - Ecology

SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY

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Integration of inefficient existing subway line into the transport system Intensification of public transport Arrangement of bicycle infrastructure Transport connection within the agglomeration Night transport system

PROJECT MANAGEMENT

— — — — —

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Intensification of the activity & events on the existing public spaces!! Arrangement of sharing-skills programs between young & old-timers on industrial production Socio-cultural integration programs for «criminal mentality» reabilitation in problematic residential districts Recultivation-of-the-environment programs for the existing residential districts (like DIY or something). Yekaterinburg-City towers construction revival (there are several freezed constructions)

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COMPLEX DEVELOPMENT

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Regeneration of the vast former industrial territories Development of satellite cities within the «Big Yekaterinburg» agglomeration Recreation and cultural platforms within the existing (soviet) districts

WATERFRONT DEVELOPMENT

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Development of river Iset’ waterfront Arrangement of a recreation zones around city lakes Shartash, Maliy Shartash, Suvakish, Zdokhnya and others

COMPLEX (RE) DEVELOPMENT

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Redevelopment of the soviet architecture heritage Redevelopment of the former «URALMASH» campuses in the centre Redevelopment of industry with sustainable technologies

INNER CITY

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City image & architectural principles of development creation Heritage recommended to be preserved: – Regular citygrid – Constructivism architecture («Chekists’ town», «Uralmash» town, etc.)

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KEY PEOPLE WHO CARE CITY HALL

TIMUR ABDULLAEV

EVGENIY ROISMAN

The chief architect of Yekaterinburg

Mayor of Yekaterinburg

EVGENY FATEEV

VLADIMIR ZLOKAZOV

POLINA ZINOVIEVA

curator and the main ideologist of «Stenograffia» festival

architect, urban activist and blogger, founder of the project «Living Streets»

director of architectural group «Podelniki»

ELENA TRUBINA

EDUARD KUBENSKIY

SERGEY ERMAK

Professor of Ural Federal University, author of russian urban studies book «City in theory»

the chief editor of architectural magazine «Tatlin», architectural expert

editor of «Expert Ural» magazine

CITIZENS

http://save-the-tower.ru/en/

http://www.livestreets.ru/

PROFESSIONAL COMMUNITY

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www.expert-ural.com/

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YEKATERINBURG

ABOUT the CITY Official city’s administration web-site

http://www.ekburg.ru/

Official architecture & planning department website

http://eguar.ru/

City news portal

http://ura.ru/

Expert-ural magazine (analytics)

http://www.expert-ural.com/

MAIN DEVELOPERS Business group «RENOVA STROY GROUP» http://www.renovasg.com/

Construction company «ATOMSTROIKOMPLEKS»

http://www.atomstroy.net/

Construction company «LSR-URAL»

http://lsrural.ru/

INTERNATIONAL EVENTS FIFA-2018 WORLD CUP

http://ura.ru/story/27

Street art and graffity festival «Stenograffia» & urban forum

http://stenograffia.ru/

«DAYS OF ARCHITECTURE» in Yekaterinburg http://archidays.ru/?page_id=3138

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YEKATERINBURG

GENIUS LOCI What could help one to survive in one Ural cold industrial to the bones city? Ekaterinburg tries to turn any disadvantages into advantages with a radical sence of humor, the degree of which goes up to the level of 911 like an emergency method to stay alive. There is a great energy source hiding in the people of Ural capital, which warms up the city life and saves its independence.They make irony on themselves and their history, lifestyle, problems and «ghetto culture». The quality of such a humor could be of any level - what is important is a brightness degree of the image, created by joke, art, fashion or project. That is why here one can find as hip-hop by either dark experimental humor of «Ptitzu Em» or by showing off ghetto rapper «Syava»; social street-art by «Timofey Radya» or public monument for Russian analogue of TV-serial «Married with children». That is why the city Mayor here goes cycling together with the citizens and keeps fit. Ekaterinburg hates lack of charisma.

Festival of light in Yekaterinburg. Men in bright costumes symbolizing the character of the city. Image source: Vladimir Ponomaryov / weburg.net

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NOVOSIBIRSK CAPITAL OF SIBERIA SIBERIAN CHICAGO CITY-ON-OB’ EX-NOVONIKOLAEVSK

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NOVOSIBIRSK

RESUME Novosibirsk - the third most populous city of Russia. It is listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the fastest growing metropolis. Founded in 1893 as a small village for railway bridge builders to 1962 Novosibirsk became a million-city. The city’s fate is inseparably connected with the Trans-Siberian Railway - the main artery of the city, through which it gets its development. To the year of 1912 has already became Russia’s largest multimodal hub. In 1941-1942, it became the centre of Novosibirsk evacuation (according to various estimates, the city received 140 to 200 thousand refugees). Great Petersburg museums Hermitage & the Russian Museum exhibits were also taken out in Novosibirsk during the WWII. More than 50 substantial factories were crated up and relocated from western Russia to Novosibirsk in order to reduce the risk of their destruction through war, and at this time the city became a major supply base for the Red army. In addition, Novosibirsk suffered a tragic fate to become a city of repressions, where the first Transit prison number 1 of NKVD started functioning. This prison will become perhaps the most terrible symbol of Stalin’s repressions. In 1957 the multi-facility scientific research complex of Akademgorodok was constructed about 30 kilometers (19 mi) south of the city centre . The Siberian Division of the Academy of Sciences has its headquarters in Akademgorodok, and the town hosts more than 35 research institutes and universities, among them Novosibirsk State University, one of the top Russian schools in Natural Sciences and Mathematics. Although it possesses a fully autonomous infrastructure, Akademgorodok is administered by Novosibirsk. Novosibirsk is the largest in the Siberian region logistics hub. Through it pass the Trans-Siberian line, and the roads to the Altai and Kuzbass, Central Asia, eastern and western regions of Russia. The city based regional warehouses and representative offices of large trading companies. Today Novosibirsk - industry, business, research, transport and cultural centre of federal significance. The two main areas of city production are high-tech and manufacturing industries. The most developed production branches here are nuclear &aircraft industry, mechanical engineering, power engineering. The number of large enterprises is 235. The office market in Novosibirsk is one of the four most developed regional markets. In November, 2014 the target program to support innovation and investment activity started in Novosibirsk, designed for 2015-2017 years. One of the cultural attractions of Novosibirsk are theaters, among which Opera House is considered to be the symbol of Novosibirsk (the informal name of “Siberian Colosseum”). The city annually hosts a large number of festivals. Thunder in the city centre

Image source: http://gelio.livejournal.com

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GENERAL INFO STATUS

SIZE

Administrative centre 505,62 km2

POPULATION 1 567 087

EXTERNAL TRANSPORT Тolmachevo International Airport Trans-Siberian Railway River passenger port River cargo port

CLIMATE

Continental +19 °C −16 °C

FOUNDED IN

1893

city boundary of 1915 city boundary of 1972 city boundary of 2015

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AGGLOMERATION 1,9 mln people Novosibirsk agglomeration (Big Novosibirsk) - the largest urban agglomeration in Siberia. But can not be called a developed. Within a 100-kilometer zone of influence by Novosibirsk are 12 towns. “The main thing that determines the role of agglomeration center of Novosibirsk tends to concentrate in their town or in the immediate vicinity of it. Distinguished external and internal (core) zone formed Novosibirsk agglomeration. In recent decades, in the Novosibirsk agglomeration does not add any new urban settlement.

MOSHKOVO

KOLYVAN

TOGUCHIN

KOCHENEVO

KOLTSOVO

KRASNOOBSK BERDSK ISKITIM

ORDYNSKOE

OB Engineering centre Main companies: JSC “Airport Tolmachevo”, OJSC “Airline Siberia”.

BERDSK

KOLTSOVO

Science City Research and Production

ISKITIM

Centre building materials indus-

MOSHKOVO

KRASNOOBSK

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Tourism on Kolyvan’s lakes

KOCHENEVO Working urban village

Complex “Vector”

Electrical company

Enterprise defense value

KOLYVAN

ORDYNSKOE

Novosibirsk Reservoir

TOGUCHIN Many sports schools

Academy of Agricultural Sciences

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CITY STRUCTURE

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CITY STRUCTURE HISTORICAL PART The housing of historical centre has been almost lost, but planning structure survived. The original plan is 2 rectangular grids located at an angle to each other and separated by the river Kamenka. INDUSTRIAL BELT Industry is closely connected here with the multimodal railway hub, which in its turn passes through the entire city.

RESIDENTIAL AREAS Contemporary residential areas are formed by large housing masses.

WATERFRONT City is spotted by ponds, whether natural river Ob, Inka, Kamenka, Yarensk backwater or man-made pits and quarries. At the same time there is only one promenade.

SPECIAL SITES

Novosibirsk State Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre 310

Globus Theatre

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CITY TRAITS

NOVOSIBIRSK AKADEMGORODOK

SIBERIA & BEARS

HUB FOR REPRESSED

Novosibirsk Akademgorodok is the largest, the most important and famous Scientific Town in Russia.

Novosibirsk is the main city of Siberia. Foreigners ask whether it's true that all Siberian cities stand in impenetrable forests, where bears walk in the streets ? Of course

In Novosibirsk NKVD inquisitorial & transit prison №1 was located. In Soviet times convicts wait for distribution to camps in Siberia and Far East at this «Novosibirsk Bastille». Now it is prepared for demolition

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« The city is relatively young and rapidly growing. This is both good and bad. There are many opportunities, many «white spots» in different areas at the same time there is no history, gradual development of society, urban culture Evgenia Makarova, urban activist «MONSTRATIONS» ACTIONS Novosibirsk is known for its «Monstrations» – a special form of civic activity expression by locals (against the decisions of city government). Russian artist Artyom Loskutov is one of the organizers of these annual processions.

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YANKA DYAGILEVA & POST PUNK Heart-rending post-punk songs of Yanka thundered the entire «Perestroika's Russia» like short but bright flash. Songstress died at the age of 24, but the wave of dark post-punk still exists here represented by such bands as «Srub», «Ploho», «Stars»...

ART GROUP “BLUE NOSES” «Blue Noses» is the project of Siberian artists V.Mizin and A.Shaburov, who decided to create a populist version of «contemporary art», based on authentic forms. Th group is widely known both in Russia and abroad

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CURRENT PROJECTS TYPICAL

LCD «LEO»

Developer: Stroymaster Project/ realisation: 2014/2016 http://www.nsmaster.ru/

TYPICAL

UNIQUE

LCD «Lazurit»

Architecture: JCS Kameya Project/ realisation: 2014/2015 http://камея-нск.рф/

Concert-hall

Architecture: group of companies “Abnikum” Project/ realisation: 2015/2016

Sport & wellness center with a aquapark «Kvarsis–Akvamir»

http://sib.fm/news/2015/07/01/novyj-koncertnyj-khollpostrojat-v-novosibirske-v-2016-godu

UNIQUE

Developer: «Kvarsis» Project/ realisation: 2012/2015 http://www.kvarsys.ru/aqua/

TYPICAL

Cottagecomplex «Krasnaya gorka»

Architecture: Sibakademstroy Property Project/ realisation: 2013/2015 http://www.krasnayagorka.info

UNIQUE

Academpark «Information Technologies Centre » Architecture: Space-Construction Project/ realisation: 2007/2012 http://www.pokrovsky.biz/objects/rostov-city/

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City administration policy supporting any construction in the city led to the prosperous economy, but also to absolutely chaotic panorama, where there are point objects of varying quality. The better examples are glass residential high-rises as LCD «Leo».

But in the central panorama of Novosibirsk a plenty of high-rise economic class apartments is raised as well.

There is a shortage of cultural centers in Novosibirsk. The planned concert hall is supposed to host large banquet and concert events. The project has a unique function for the city, however, it is a point development.

The project is located in the city centre on the bank of the Ob river. Adjacent beach area will be refined with a landscaped promenade and a city beach. An example of complex approach to urban development.

A piece of suburban area witk lack of infrastructure within the city. There is a large economic-class housing construction from multistorey (LCD «Su-155», «Sibirskiy Gigant»...) to cottage complexes (like «Krasnaya gorka»).

Technopark Complex, built in Novosibirsk Akademgorodok. The main objective of the project - to ensure the development of high-tech industries in the region. It is a powerful anchor in the development of Novosibirsk.

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HOT TOPICS «There is now a dozen of very active movements, which hold rallies, pickets, etc. And as a result an urban development has become the main theme on the latter mayor elections, because the main complaint to the previous Mayor was exactly an investor-oriented dotty development» Alexander Lozhkin,

Adviser to the Mayor of Novosibirsk

Big distance between citizens and city hall

Lack of city strategy

Dialogue between the government and citizens is conducted on distance and by shouts. Citizens have accumulated a great activist energy. There’s an official website for complaints and suggestions expression (novocitizen.ru).Today, any hasty decision of the authorities turns into citizen Monstration. However such attitudes still can’t be called productive.

In 2014, the head of Novosibirsk was replaced, but there is no distinct policy for the city development appeared yet. Urban Strategy continues to make money on the spot housing under the command of investors; designed and followed in order adequate building regulations are missing. Business dictates the rules, authorities obey, people militantly resist.

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Absence of image

What and how to preserve?

Lack of strategy results to spotty development and complete erasure of any city image. Public spaces are done by segments of private development and don’t have any general structure. There is probably no more egregious example of “faceless city” than Novosibirsk. Perhaps this is the case for “Bilbao effect” solutions.

There’s little more than 200 scattered objects of cultural heritage remained here. Against a million-city scale this amount loses itself. Being modernist city, Novosibirsk comprises Constructivism. But unlike Ekaterinburg, the local one is more delicate - it is rightly called “discreet”. Lack of appreciators led to ignorance & littering with external advertising.

Periphery ghettos

Transportation system overloaded

In order to stimulate the city construction market authorities constantly allocate lands in the periphery for cheap faceless mass housing development. In such areas transportation and social issues are accumulating. Some of them are cut off from the mainland of the city (district Pashkovo in the north).

In the morning the time of transportation from city edge (10 km from the centre ) to centre is about 1.5 hours. Management of passenger transportation simulates improvement, but doesn’t deal with engagement of a unified ticket and dedicated lanes. Mass consciousness already requires that, but there is also a strong belief , the subway could be a panacea.

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HOT TOPICS Parking wars

Migrants influx

Chaotic unregulated and not supervised by the city authorities high-rise point development creates an overabundance of private vehicles. This leads to the so-called “parking wars” in residential courtyards.

During the last 10 years many migrant workers from Central Asia appeared in Novosibirsk, as it is no longer possible to ignore them. It threatens the emergence of ethnic neighborhoods and dilapidated urban areas (as such a class of people has few means of maintaining and repairing of their houses).

Greetings from soviet era

Greetings from «perestroika»

Painful but important became a question on restructuring of Soviet-style city in a more comfortable way. Being Soviet-to-the roots Novosibirsk inherited all the spectre of related problems as citizen-friendly environment, pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure, public and green spaces. The latter is especially urgent in case of severe local climate.

Yet again being a soviet controlled city during the 1990s most of the spaces lost their function and degraded. The most discussed objects are Karla Marksa Square (populated with spontaneous trade) and SKA swimming pool (delapidated), Lenina Square near famous Opera Theatre (absence of activity).

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CITY INITIATIVES « What’s about current projects ... The road construction, a couple of interchanges and a water park. The development In the city is going at a lower scale - where there are new small companies and trends. There is quiet on the level of largeprojects. And that is good » »

Dmitriy Lebedev, “Foot traffic” group activist

«Public program for any mayor» - 2014

Eastern bypass of Novosibirsk

Some Novosibirsk activists during a series of meetings produced so-called “public programs”, which included their proposals for reforming the different areas of city life. Thus, propos¬als for urban policy prepared by the activists of the move¬ment “Maimed Novosibirsk” (O.Valger & M.Ryazantsev); for the transport sector - an initiative group “Foot traffic” (Dm. Lebedev), on education - the movement “Russian children - affordable preschool education” (S. Gunkin) and “Parents’ Committee of the Novosibirsk Region” (V. Kirillov). The program was targeted for any Mayor, that would be elected and was signed by the current mayor Anatoly Lokot (at that time a candidate). Today the activists are having the series of discussions with Mayor concerning citizens’ problem. But according to their own perception there are no visible changes being made yet.

It is a large-scale project for the construction of a 80 km-length road. Considering the current completion of the 3rd bridge over the Ob River, in combination with the first stage of the Eastern bypass it will become a South-Eastern bypass. In the future, the Eastern bypass will connect 3 federal highways: Gusinobrodskoye, Berd and “Chuiski tract” ones and Northern bypass.

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USEFUL DUTCH COMPETENCES

STRATEGIC PLANNING

RESIDENTIAL DESIGN

—

That is the case, when a citizen community appears and has its agenda, and the new goverment comes so that it seeks for city development direction. That could be a chance to unite the energies together for a masterplan creation

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Construction of the full-fledged complex residential districts on allocated lands There is a demand for elite housing

Necessary problems to be solved: - “Humanizing” of the current development situation (Downtown & peripheral districts) - Regulations for new development - City image seeking - Transport collapse

SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY

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Relaxation of the transport jams on the entrances of periphery districts Development of the intermodality of public transport (unified ticket) Arrangement of dedicated lanes Arrangement of bicycle infrastructure Arrangement of high-speed rail system

PROJECT MANAGEMENT

— — — —

Arrangement of a communication platform between citizens and city-hall for a strategy development Programs for relaxation of the migrants problem Intensification of the activity & events on the existing public spaces Recultivation-of-the-environment programs for the existing residential districts (like DIY or something).

Night transport system

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COMPLEX DEVELOPMENT

— — — —

Development of iconic architecture for creation of a city image !!!!!!!!! Complex development on allocated lands Recreation and cultural platforms within the existing (soviet) districts After Eastern bypass construction many lands aroud the city will become available and advantageous for development

WATERFRONT DEVELOPMENT

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Development of the waterfront of – Rivers – Ponds, pits and quarries – Backwaters – Islands

COMPLEX (RE) DEVELOPMENT

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Redevelopment of degradated modernistic public spaces (Karla Marksa Square, Lenina Square near Opera Theatre etc) Redevelopment of the remaining heritage leftovers Redevelopment of periphery ghettoes (formation of public spaces,infrastructure)

INNER CITY

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Strategy for creation of the “city face” (city image & architectural principles of development)

Redevelopment of the existing empty embankments

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KEY PEOPLE WHO CARE CITY HALL

ALEXANDER LOZHKIN

ANATOLY LOKOT’

Adviser to the Mayor of Novosibirsk

Mayor of Novosibirsk

CITIZENS

ALEXEY KUNITSYN

ANDREY DUKAREV

EVGENIA MAKAROVA

DMITRIY LEBEDEV

coordinator of bicycle movement «Privet Velosiped»

coordinator of activist movement and online project «Novocitizen.ru»

«Laboratory of Urbanistics» coordinator of City centre of project arts

coordinator of activist group «Foot traffic», urban activist

PROFESSIONAL COMMUNITY

ALEXEY MAZUR

TATIANA IVANENKO

MIKHAIL NIKULIN

IGOR POPOVSKY

journalist, public figure, analyst of portal tayga.info

director of Siberian Centre for architecture promotion, organizer of «Zolotaya Kapitel» festival

Associate Professor of “Electrical systems” NSTU, autor of the concept of highspeed rail of Novosibirsk

architect, urban environment specialist

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ABOUT the CITY Official city’s web-site www.novo-sibirsk.ru/

City’s urban NEWS PORTAL http://tayga.info/

Citizen ideas for Novosibirsk improvements

http://novocitizen.ru/

Official «Akademgorodok» web-site

http://academcity.org/

MAIN DEVELOPERS Industrial & construction group «SIBERIA»

http://www.csib.ru/

Construction group «SKY»

http://www.gk-sky.com/

Construction company «SIBIRACADEMSTROY»

http://www.sastroy.com/

Construction company «NOVOSIBIRSKIY KVARTAL»

http://www.nsk-kvartal.ru/

INTERNATIONAL EVENTS Series of architectural competitions and annual festival «ZOLOTAYA KAPITEL»

http://www.zkapitel.ru/

Chackathon for city apps «MAKE NSK»

https://nsk.te-st.ru/

Business forum «FUTURE OF THE CITY» http://новосибирск.будущеегорода.рф

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GENIUS LOCI City «somewhere» – «over the hills and far away» – «between dense forests» – of Siberia. Novosibirsk is easy accessible by railway transport, but mentally – it is far away, standing at the crossroads between two worlds - the civilization and «something unknown”. City of railway hub, is it a refuge in case of danger (not for nothing the most valuable things were removed here in times of war) or a passage on the way into the wild obscurity (not for nothing the most dangerous ones were removed here after the war)? Because there, in the woods, no one would reach you . A Prophetic stone lays In Novosibirsk, with the inscription on it: «If one goes to the right - he will lose his horse, but will find self-salvation; if one goes to the left – he will lose himself, but the horse will be saved; if one goes straight – he will loose both himself and the horse»*. Reaching a roadfork, the most knights remain by the side, building a safe city-rear, with the view on lonely wood of the «Devil’s hillfort» (the so-called name of the place before the foundation of Novosibirsk here), beyond which it is strongly discouraged to swim. Some brave ones – combine together in Gorodok to comprehend obscurity by scientific methods. However, from time to time lonely sounds of bells can be heard from here. This is another brave knight quietly glanced behind the Stone and saw something what to talk about is no longer possible in the same way. * – Quote from Russian folklore fairy-tale

Reproduction of Victor Vasnetsov «Knight at the Crossroads»: knight stands on the edge of unknown lands. The picture is a symbol of Novosibirsk position on the edge of different Russia, on the crossroads near deep Siberia Image source: http://www.anywalls.com/download/40669/1366x768/

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IRKUTSK MIDDLE EARTH CAPITAL OF EAST SIBERIA CAPITAL OF PRIANGARYE CAPITAL OF PRIBAIKALYE CITY-ON-ANGARA

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IRKUTSK

RESUME Irkutsk is the largest city in eastern Siberia. It’s located in the valley of the Angara River, 68 km from the unique natural complex, a World Heritage site lake Baikal. Because of the proximity to the seismic active Baikal Rift there are regular small earthquakes in the city. Irkutsk is a historical Siberian town founded as a fort in 1661. The place was favorable for trade-commercial and forwarding paths development, so soon after the city foundation it had become an important reference point in trade with China, Yakutia and Alaska. Irkutsk has played a major role in the study and development of Eastern Siberia, the Far East and North America. Later it became a city of Goldminers and convicts, whose labor was used extensively in the production of precious metals and diamonds. The city was a place of political exile as well, which influenced rapid development of its culture. The fire in 1879 heavily damaged the city, but never-the-less it managed to keep its original layout. The historic center is declared in provisional list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Now Irkutsk is a major administrative, cultural, scientific and industrial center of Eastern Siberia. The headquarters of the East-Siberian railway, «Irkutskenergo», «VostSibUgol» are concentrated here. «Irkutskenergo» - Russia’s largest energy company- combines 3 Angara cascade hydropower plants, one of which is located directly in the city. The leading industrial enterprises are aircraft and relay plants. Irkutsk Academic science is represented by 9 research institutes of the Irkutsk Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences and 3 units of the East Siberian Scientific Center of the SB RAMS, forming a single Akademgorodok. Irkutsk Scientific Center of SB RAS is the second largest in Siberia, it employs more than a thousand researchers. Research Center «Irgiredmet» provides support in production and re-processing of metal ores and diamonds.

Panorama of Angara river: the contrast of urban and villla housing in the city centre Image source: «Tipichniy Irkutsk» vkontakte web-community

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GENERAL INFO STATUS Administrative centre

SIZE

306,4 km2 POPULATION 620 099

EXTERNAL TRANSPORT Irkutsk International Airport Trans-Siberian Railway Irkutsk-Passenger Irkutsk-Sorting River Station: “Raketa” “Central”

CLIMATE

EARTHQUAKES! (safe level of 3-7 class)

FOUNDED IN

Extremely continental +18 °C −18 °C

1661

city boundary of 1915 city boundary of 1988 city boundary of 2015

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AGGLOMERATION 1,1 mln people

CHEREMHOVO

Big Irkutsk - monocentric (but with a significant share of other cities in addition to the core city of Irkutsk) conurbation in the south of the Irkutsk region along the Trans-Siberian Railway. It happens in the Soviet period as a result of the formation of close ties between Irkutsk and satellite cities: Shelekhov, Angarsk, Sibirskoye and Cheremhovo.

SVIRSK

MIKHAILOVKA

USOLESIBIRSKOE

ANGARSK

OiL

MEGET PIVOVARIHA

SMOLENSCHINA

SHELEHOV MARKOVA

USOLE-SIBIRSKOE Resort «Usolye» treat diseases of the musculoskeletal system, digestive and peripheral nervous system due to sodium chloride water (brine) Chemical industry Mining of minerals

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CHEREMHOVO Major centre s of coal mining Heavy machinery

SHELEHOV Non-ferrous metallurgy, machine-building plants

MEGET Metallurgical industry The only granary of the reserve fund of Irkutsk region and one of the largest in Siberia

SVIRSK Metallurgical industry

MIKHAILOVKA Urban-type settlement

MARKOVA SMOLENSCHINA PIVOVARIHA Agriculture

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CITY STRUCTURE

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IRKUTSK

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CITY STRUCTURE HISTORICAL PART Irkutsk - one of the few cities in Siberia, which managed to maintain its initial plan. Its historic centre was formed on the site of a wooden fortress, the last ruins of which were dismantled in 1790. INDUSTRIAL BELT The influence of industry on the city’s urban structure is minimal as it is located mostly outside the city centre .

RESIDENTIAL AREAS Residential districts are middle-rise and rather compact comparing with the ones in megacities.

WATERFRONT The city stands on confluence of three rivers: Angara, Irkut and Ushakovka, but there is only one embankment. Also there is a railway running along left side of Angara.

SPECIAL SITES

«Moscow Gates»

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Irkutsk Datsan

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CITY TRAITS

LAKE BAIKAL

MULTIRELIGIOUS CITY

EXILED & THE DECEMBRISTS

The city is situated just 68 km away from the famous Russian lake Baikal - the deepest lake in the world and the largest natural reservoir of fresh water.

It feels that the city has no dominant religion as besides Russian Orthodox Church there are large Catholic, Protestant, Muslim, Jewish and Buddhist parishes presented here in Irkutsk.

History of Irkutsk from its beginning has been closely connected with exiles. Here both ciminals and intellegency were exiled. Among famous political exiled intellegency were the Decembrists.

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« It is a «Boiler» with boiling soup of exiled Decembrists and free people who in the early years remained here to develop Siberia. The soup is floured with lime of demolished during the Soviet times cathedrals, with mass executions and burials remained in the city centre ; with sweet notes of culture (directors, writers and artists and etc.). And of course all that was cooked on the Baikal water» Dmitriy, construction developer

IRKUTSK HYDROPOWER PLANT

WOODEN ARCHITECTURE

BABR

Irkutsk region became famous for its largest in Russia Angarskiy Hydropower Cascade Complex. One of its 4 HPPs located in Irkutsk. The most famous one is Bratsk HPP.

The historical centre of the city has retained wooden art-nouveau architecture of 18-19th century. There is also a Wooden Architecture Museum located near Irkutsk.

Babr - is an old Russian name for panther, tiger, jaguar, borrowed through the Turkic language of Farsi. It is used as a heraldic figure for Irkutsk coat of arms since 1642 and has become its folk symbol.

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CURRENT PROJECTS UNIQUE

130th quarter

Architecture: JSC “Irkutskgrazhdanproekt” Project/ realisation: 2011/2014 http://www.i-irk.com/gallery/

UNIQUE

Residential complex «Teatralny kvartal» Architecture: Architecture and construction company “ACC” Project/ realisation: 2012/2015 http://teatr-kvartal.ru/

UNIQUE

Satellite town «Melanka»

Architecture: MLA+ Project/ realisation: 2012/2018

ka-irkutsk-ru

TYPICAL

http://www.mlaplus.com/tag/ru#5281/malaya-elan-

Residential complex «Glazkovskaya rosha»

130 quarter Irkutsk - a specially created area of historic buildings, including the monuments of architecture and history of the city. It was conceived as a recreation area for residents and guests of Irkutsk and is a great breakthrough in urban development of the city Centre.

«Theatre District» is an accurate low-rise (3-5 floors) apartment complex, inscribed in the surrounding environment in accordance with the image of the city. A positive example of thoughtful development in the historic part of the city.

Conveniently located between Irkutsk and Angarsk, Malaya Elanka has a great potential to become an extension to both cities and attract people with an offer that connot be found anywhere else in the region. Unlike the typical Russian microdistrict model, Malaya Elanka will become a low rise mixed use quarter, ideal for families and those seeking alternatives to the omnipresent apartment slabs. The typical example of economic-class housing made by the soviet microdistrict scheme.

Developer: «Maksstroy» Project/ realisation: 2013/2015 http://maxstroy.ru/

UNIQUE

Business quarter «Irkutsk City» Architecture: GC “Active” Project/ realisation: 2007/2020 http://www.irkutskcity.ru

UNIQUE

Recreation facility in the business area «Irkutsk City» Architecture: LLC “Laboratory of the landscape and culture of the urban environment” Project/ realisation: 2012/2015 http://www.vasiliev-archi.com/2012/02/blogpost_29.html

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Project of «Irkutsk City» is an complex of several accurate office buildings integrated into city centre environment. It involves a program of the urban environment renovation program, accompanying the construction of offices.

No less attention is paid for the landscaping project of the park in the business district. It seems, in Irkutsk they come to grips with the work on urban environment. Keep it up!

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HOT TOPICS ÂŤ Dotty development - is not just an inconvenience, but is a number of sensitive issues, as lack of clinics, parks, etc... All that falls on the shoulders of city authorities, while developers just get their profit. We are going to develop comprehensive construction in the city. Âť

Public transport decay There is a gradual extinction of urban transport system. From means of municipal transport remained only tram, but the vehicles are in poor condition. Second-hand Chinese minibuses are being used for private public transportation, routes have no even approximate schedule.

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Dmitriy Berdnikov, Mayor of Irkutsk

Complex trasport system trouble The transport system does not have an even distribution around the city (not all routes are beneficial to private drivers for distribution), which creates a problem of congestion in the centre and not integrated regions on the periphery. Unefficient system of transport stimulate automobilization among the citizens.

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IRKUTSK

Railway roads prevailing

Creation of work places

Railway road is a leitmotive of Irkutsk. It runs through the historical centre of the city, dividing it in two parts. Moreover, it runs along the most left bank of Angara, blocking view and access to water.

The average salary in Irkutsk is 18 thousand RUB (app. 260 EUR), that is hardly comparable with the level of Siberian prices for food and transport connection. The city seeks for new activities to run for development.

Killing of pure nature ecology

What to do with the pulp-and-paper plant?

In 2010 Irkutsk took 15th place in rank of pollutants emissions from stationary sources in Russia (65 thousand tons of carbon per year). 196 companies released 69 pollutants into the atmosphere. 94% of all emissions from stationary sources make the products of combustion. In addition 119 illegal dumps were found. All that near the unique natural zone of great resort potential!!!

Baikal pulp-and-paper plant was a large factory founded at 1966 for military production purposes. More than 2 thousand people worked there so it was a cityshaping (of Baikalsk town) enterprise.The plant became famous as a dangerous lake Baikal pollutant. In 2013 the plant closed, which caused all accompanying problems and opportunities.

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HOT TOPICS To develop tourism!

Fast destroying of wooden heritage

Irkutsk is the nearest big city to the famous tourist attractor lake Baikal, which is a good opportunity and way for development. But it still plays mostly a transit function on the way from Moscow to the lake. The question is how to create a stable interesting and full-fledged tourism for Irkutsk.

Irkutsk is a city where some gems of wooden architecture still survived, which could become an attractor for ciy visiters! But the problem is that this kind of heritage is too fragile and requires a special attention to be protected (as it could burn at a moment). In the last years many of buildings were destroyed (there is even a phenomenon of ÂŤburning streetsÂť).

Chaotic development

Lack of public spaces

In the latest years there is a tendency for private land plot purchasing and high-rise construction development. There is absolutely no strategy for a new construction, so the panorama of the city is changing rapidly without any common idea.

The majority of respondents indicate almost complete absence of public spaces and parks for recreation in Irkutsk. It is worth mentioning the untapped potential of coastal areas along the three main rivers in the city, which remain semi-abandoned. !! There are also interesting islands in the river of Angara.

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CITY INITIATIVES « Elections for the governor of Irkutsk region are appointed for September 13, 2015 due to presheduled retirement of Sergei Eroschenko »

IRK.RU, news portal of Irkutsk

General plan amendments 2025

New airport terminal and related rotary

Irkutsk doesn’t yet work on a new general plan but in 2015 the amedment to the existing general plan were made [quote] «to stimulate city growth and enlarging of the city boundaries». The new urban policy is focused on highrise development. All this stands in a high contrast to the city essential image and could become a serious problem in the future.

There are plans for new airport terminal construction (the existing airport terminal has limitations related to the development of dense housing and fogs around the Angara River), which cause also a construction of a new road sections for Baikalskiy tract.

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USEFUL DUTCH COMPETENCES

STRATEGIC PLANNING

RESIDENTIAL DESIGN

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This niсhe is vacant here as work is going around the existing general plan. In addition, the elections for a new governor are expected, that could become a powerful opportunity for introduction of fundamentally new approaches to strategic planning.

Compact social housing adequate to the existing scale

Necessary problems to be solved: - Maintainance of city compactness!! - Wooden heritage development - Development of a new cityshaping businesses - Ecological problems solution - Public transport strategy - Tourism development

SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY

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Creation of an overall public transport strategy Public transport vehicles quality improvement Available transport connection with «the other Russia» Transport connection within the agglomeration and lake Baikal Night transport system

PROJECT MANAGEMENT

— — — —

In the compact non-million city like Irkutsk all types of bottom-up actions could cause urban environment changes Creation of a significant platform for existing boiling citizen activity Any kind of touristic programs Solutions for relationships between private and municipal transport owners to create an overall transport strategy

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COMPLEX DEVELOPMENT

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Development of new businesses

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Development of public spaces

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Touristic complexes development

WATERFRONT DEVELOPMENT

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COMPLEX (RE) DEVELOPMENT

Waterfront development on Angara, Irkut and Ushkovka banks Waterfront development on Angara islands

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Redevelopment of wooden architecture streets Redevelopment of the former Baikal pulp-and-paper plant (in Baikalsk) The soviet part of the city has its specific architectural image by housing along the relief. The question is how to underline this beauty?

INNER CITY

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Wooden heritage preservation and redevelopment City image development

What to do with the adjacent to river railways?

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KEY PEOPLE WHO CARE CITY HALL

INNA KONDRATYEVA

DMITRIY BERDNIKOV

The Сhief Architect of Irkutsk

Mayor of Irkutsk

CITIZENS

SERGEY MAYARENKOV

YULIA YAKOVLEVA

MIKHAIL SHURYGIN

agency of strategic initiatives support and strart-up promotion

the head of citizen life portal «Province», support of citizen communities

creator of the project «Persons Irkutsk», uniting activists in the city

http://ивестклимат.рф/en/

http://the-province.ru/ https://vk.com/irkprovince

#persons_irkutsk

PROFESSIONAL COMMUNITY

ALEXANDER MIKHAILOV

MARK MEEROVICH

ANDREI BOLSHAKOV

Doctor of Engineering, Director of «Transport laboratory» in Irkutsk State Technical University

Doctor of History, Professor of Architecture Dep. in Irkutsk State Technical University, member of RAACS

Professor of Architecture and Urban Planning Dep. in Irkutsk State Technical University,

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ABOUT the CITY Official city’s administration web-site

http://www.admirk.ru/

Encyclopedia of city life and local studies «Irkipedia»

http://irkipedia.ru/

City news portal http://irkutskmedia.ru/

City visiting page http://visit-irkutsk.com/

MAIN DEVELOPERS Financial & building company «NOVIY GOROG»

http://www.new-gorod.ru/

JCS «KONTINENTAL-SIBIR»

http://oxycom.biz/ru/kontinental_sibir/3997492

Companies group «ACTIVE»

http://www.irkutskcity.ru/qa/about.html

Construction company «GRAND STROY»

http://www.grandstroy38.ru/

INTERNATIONAL EVENTS INTERNATIONAL BAIKAL WINTER UNIVERSITY OF URBAN PLANNING DESIGN http://winteruni.com/?lang=en

Student architectural art-festival «ARCHBUKHTA»

https://vk.com/arhbuhta

Baikal international economic forum http://en.baikalforum.ru/

Interregional Youth camp «BAIKAL 2020» http://www.irksportmol.ru/2020/

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GENIUS LOCI From different points of view Irkutsk stands on the place of power – hydroelectric power of powerplant, spiritual power of Baikal, power of mind as it was a place for great Russian exiled literators and scientists, ethnic power inherited from ancient peoples. Externally it is small, standing whether in the middle, or at the edge of the earth, lost in the shadow of the famous nearby lake. However, chaos stirs inside Irkutsk. It contains clearly a higher energy capacity than 662.4 MW claimed by hydroelectric. Powerful, but hidden. Like the monad Yin-Yang combining contrasting energies. This is not a gushing fountain of energy, it is a shaman power of meditation, that is inside. Coming to this city you have to cope with its energy,so you need firstly to cope with yourself and find an inner balance… to tame the power by will, just as witches do. Seems like a spiritual practice in its purest form. Perhaps that is because long ago the exiles were sent here for their energy restraint, or perhaps vice versa. Irkutsk unlikely prefers to bask in glory. It is a city of inner power, which knows its opportunities and that’s why doesn’t look for approval.

Buryat shaman as a symbol of Irkutsk character Image source: http://www.red-ship.com/catalog/925/3958/

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96 15 km to Sa in t Pe t sb

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VLADIVOSTOK WINDOW TO ASIA PORT-CITY «VLADIVOSTOK-2000» MOTHERLAND OF JAPANESE CARS OUR SAN-FRANCISCO

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RESUME On June 20 in 1860 an outpost called Vladivostok was founded at the Golden Horn Bay not far from Russia’s borders with China and North Korea. The city is the home port of the Russian Pacific Fleet and the largest Russian port on the Pacific Ocean. As the main naval base of the Soviet Pacific Fleet, Vladivostok was officially closed to foreigners during the years of USSR. The city was developing as a military castle, and growing around the Bay, strengthening and modernizing its defensing shelters up till the 80s of XX century. Vladivostok has not lost its military significance and is holding the headquarters of Pacific Fleet of the Russian Navy. Vladivostok is the main air hub on the Russian Far East; and the link between Trans-Siberian Railway and the Pacific sea routes, making it a major freight and passenger port. Cargo turnover the port of Vladivostok (including the total turnover of all stevedoring companies) in 2009 amounted to 15.6 million tonnes. The main exports are fish and seafood, wood, ships, ferrous and nonferrous metals. Vladivostok is an important transit point for goods imported from Japan, South Korea, China, the USA and South-East Asia. In 2009, Company «Sollers» started producing “Ssang Yong” SUVs and “Mazda” personal cars. In 2012, the city hosted the 24th APEC summit, which caused an onrush of the city look. With the summit on Russky Island, the government and private businesses inaugurated resorts, dinner and entertainment facilities. Two giant cable-stayed bridges were built in preparation for the summit, namely the Zolotoy Rog bridge over the Zolotoy Rog Bay in the centre of the city, and the Russky Island Bridge connecting the mainland to Russky Island. On the Russkiy Island the new campus of Far Eastern Federal University was constructed. Public art is actively supported and paid for by the city administration (the famous art-group is “Concrete Jungle”); despite the influx of cheap Chinese garb there’s a small but steadily growing number of local fashion designers (most notable Sveta Gruzdova); there are galleries for historical and contemporary arts. The city is full of energy, dynamics and sunshine :)

View on city hills from Zolotoy rog bay

Image source: «Tipichniy Vladivostok» vkontakte web-community

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GENERAL INFO STATUS

SIZE

Administrative centre 600 km2

POPULATION 603 244

EXTERNAL TRANSPORT Vladivostok international airport

Vladovostok Pass. Trade sea port Sea cargo port

CLIMATE

FOUNDED IN

Monsoon 18o C â&#x2C6;&#x2019;12o C

1860

city boundary of 1888 city boundary of 1941 city boundary of 2015

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AGGLOMERATION 1.28 mln people Vladivostok agglomeration (also called «Bolshoy Vladivostok» - big Vladivostok) is in the process of formation. The agreement on its establishment was signed just in 2014. It is assumed that the agglomeration will have a polycentric character with such cores as Vladivostok, Ussuriysk, Artyom and Nakhodka.

MIKHAILOVKA

USSURIYSK

NADEZHDINSK

ARTYOM SHKOTOVO PARTISANSK BOLSHOY KAMEN NAKHODKA

ZARUBINO KHASAN

NAKHODKA

USSURIYSK

Agglomeration core: transport & industrial hub with developed business & socio-cultural functions

Agglomeration core: transport & logistic hub, large food production, Ussuriysk locomotive repair factory.

ARTYOM Agglomeration core: transport & logistic hub, Vladivostok airport, construction matireals & food production. Large gambling zone «Primorye» will be located near Artyom.

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MIKHAILOVKA Planned agro - industrial enterprise

SHKOTOVO Planned seaport zone & fish cluster

ZARUBINO Russian sea port «Zarubino» in Troyitsa bay

KHASAN Сhemical utilization of natural gas «Gazprom»

NADEZHDINSK Planned industrial park

PARTISANSK Planned petro-chemical complex

BOLSHOY KAMEN Planned shipbuilding and maintaining cluster

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CITY STRUCTURE

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CITY STRUCTURE HISTORICAL PART HIstorical part of Vladivostok is the only part with the regular street grid of the city ignoring its relief.

INDUSTRIAL BELT The most industry of Vladivostok is concentrated around the sea bay (shipping, fishing, port) and in the hollows (light industry) forming few bending lines. RESIDENTIAL AREAS Contrary to the Soviet standarts of strait regular plans, the genius loci prevailed here, so that the housing was built according to the natural relief. WATERFRONT Though the city is surrounded by sea, it has just 4 accesses to water. The other coast is blocked by brownfields and port infrastructure. There is also a railway running along the coast.

SPECIAL SITES

Korabelnaya embankment

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ÂŤTokarevskiyÂť lighthouse

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CITY TRAITS

HILLS («SOPKI»)

MUMIY TROLL

TIGERS

The city was built on the hills (in Russian called «Sopki»), most of the soviet districts - along the relief. That creates special veiws, especially during the night.

Vladivostok pop-rock band «Mumiy Troll» appeared in 1990-s, becoming cultic in Russia and abroad. After their famous song «Vladivostok-2000» this name has become narrative for the city.

If «on a Siberian street one could meet a bear», in Vladivostok it is supposed to meet a tiger :) Never-the-less Far East is really a home of Ussuri tigers, and the tiger is depicted on the emblem of the city

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«European-mentality-and-culture city in the centre of Asia-Pacific Region »

Elena, transport-planner

BAYS & OCEAN

PUBLIC ART

JAPANESE CARS

The city located in the bay of the Pacific Ocean and is impregnated whith the salty atmosphere which ctreates a unique impressins and quality of life exotic for the most Russian cities.

After young and active monumental artist Pavel Shugurov came to the city administration, public art and art-groups have become supported by authorities for urban environment transformation.

A significant share of goods flow in Vladivostok takes import of new and used cars from Japan. The city is known for the car market, «Green Corner», specializing in the sale of second-hand Japanese cars.

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CURRENT PROJECTS UNIQUE

Research complex «Seaside Aquarium»

Architecture: “Primorgrazhdanproekt” Project/ realisation: 2009/2012 http://archi.ru/projects

UNIQUE

Centre for Culture and Business «Union»

Architecture: ABD architects Project/ realisation: 2013/2015 http://archi.ru/projects/russia

TYPICAL

Resort Hotel on Burny Cape «Hyatt»

The complex will be located on yet undeveloped Russkiy Island. After the construction of the bridge to the island its territory became accessible for new complex development. Now only several objects (University, Aquarium, the old village) are located here. What is significant – all these projects are located separately from each other. Accurate reconstruction project for a building of historical city refrigerator. The project involves also the work with the surrounding environment and creation of public spaces. In case of realization such a project could become a serious point for the urban planning in the city. Due to the city location in the waters of the ocean, the common type of development here is a construction of hotels.

Architecture: “Our House - Primorye” Project/ realisation: 2012/2015 http://en.primdevelop.ru/projects/02/

TYPICAL

Residential district «Patrokl»

Architecture: Rezerv Project/ realisation: 2012/2015 http://www.patrokl-vl.ru/

UNIQUE

Park «Mingorodok»

Architecture: architectural firm “Arhibat” Project/ realisation: 2014/2016 http://www.vlc.ru/life_city

UNIQUE

Gaming zone «Primorye»

Architecture: “Our House - Primorye”. Project/ realisation: 2016/2022 http://primdevelop.ru/projects/03/

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As there are a plenty of lands in Vladivostok, it tends to being developed by complex projects. One of it is a residential district with infrastructure, projected by famous architect Vladimir Plotkin.

Proposal for the abandoned Soviet Mingorodok park occasionally appears on the initiative of citizens. The project is regularly put forward to a public hearings, but did not come to realization. However, a interest to the problems of urban environment grows together with events happening to the park. Primorskiy kray – is one of several permitted gambling zones of Russian Federation. It is expected that such a status will stimulate the economic situation in the region. The project of an recreational area includes 16 hotels of different class, casino, a yacht club and other facilities.

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HOT TOPICS « The city was founded initially as a castle, thats why there is only one (or two, actually) way into the city. There is a problem for rational planning due to specific relief, which causes some special infrastructure limits. It’s hard to develop compactly on such a relief»

Far, far away As the centre s of economic, social and cultural activity remains Moscow and St.Petersburg, the city of Vladivostik remains too outlying. This produces mobility problem and isolation of citizens (average cost of oneway economic class air-ticket is 170 EUR, railway - 250 EUR), as well as a high prices for goods, etc.

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Timur Bogdanenko, Construction developer

Automobile abuse & pedestrian detraction Cars are everywhere in Vladivostok, pushing out both public transport and pedestrians. It is prestigeous to drive a car rather than ride a bike or walk by foot. This causes problems with traffic, city image, pedestrian & cycling infrastructure, parking places and other. Vladivostok seems to be a city for cars!

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VLADIVOSTOK

Chaotic and squatter development

Touristic infrastructure

Seems that the city has no reglamentation for a new housing development. This produces two problems. The first one is a chaotic new housing in the centre which erases the city image and beautiful skylines. The second is a squatter development (boat garages, cottages) which tend to occupy even landscape protection areas.

As the mayor of Vladivostok confessed: «Our city, indeed, extraordinarily beautiful, well located geographically. Ice-free seaport connect us with the world, there is a rail, air and road links ... But we still haven’t created adequate conditions for international tourism development...The infrastructure is poor»

Low quality of public transport vehicles

City roads system (relief and geometry)

The system of public transport is low-speed and inconvinient. But the main problem is the low quality of vehicles and transport service.One of the reasons is a popularity of cars in the city (Vladivostok buys car from Japan for a relatively low price) so there is a low demand for public transportation. There is a special decay of tram and trolleybus.

The geometry of the road grid is a specific due to specifical relief and housing system. It requires unique solutions for permeable transport system development. High-graded relief also causes emergency situation during the winter (ice-slik). The quality of roadway is poor, the roads are regularly broken. This causes an additional problem for the traffic and safety.

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HOT TOPICS Public services and scavenging

Whose is «Ptichye moloko»?

Bad management for public services and city mantainance as well as the low urban culture of the citizens themselves lead to trashed city waters and beaches, streets and courtyards. But in Vladivostok all secrets come to light - uncleared litter propagates by strong local winds all around the city!

Candies «Ptichye Moloko» recipe was created as a soviet analog of the polish «Ptasie mleczko» ones on Vladivostok cofectionary factory «Pomorskiy Konditer» and were famous all around the USSR. Today Moscow union «Rot Front» picked out the patent for «Ptichye Moloko» and leave the factory without its iconic sweet. So what to create next?

What to do on «Russkiy» island? In Soviet time the territory of the island was closed as there were several military bases located here. Now the access is open, in 2012 a bridge to the Island was constructed. The government creates an investigation plan for Russkiy Island development,Far East Federal University was built. But the other vast area is still free for development.

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How to develop city’s water facade? Though it can be seen from each Bald Mountain, the sea in almost excluded from the citizens veiw. There are only 4 designed accesses, and there is an endless line of brownfield, railways and port infrastructure along the seacoast. The question is how to turn back the waterfront to Vladivostok?

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VLADIVOSTOK

CITY INITIATIVES Special economic zone «Nadezhdinkiy TOR» TOR is defined as part of Russian federation territory, where the special legal regime for business and other activities is set in order to create favorable conditions for investments attraction, rapid socio-economic development ensuring and the creation of favorable life conditions. The area of the «Nadezhdinskiy TOR» will be 807 hectares. The volume of attracted investments in the first phase will amount to 6.73 billion rubles with the budget financing of 3.6 billion rubles.

« Our city is extraordinarily beautiful & well located. Ice-free seaport connects us with the world, there is a rail, air and road links ... But we still haven’t created adequate conditions for international tourism. And its needless to say about roads quality!...»

Evgeniy Teslenko, deputy of Vladivostok city council

«Big Vladivostok»

«Free port Vladivostok»

Project of Primorsky Kray Administration for the city of Vladivostok with nearby satellite cities (Artyom district, later - Ussuriysk and Nakhodka) unification into a single city municipality. The basic contours of the «Big Vladivostok» could emerge by 2025-2030 if there is a proper funding and a clear program of action.

Vladivostok will get a status of free port with an attractive easy customs regime. Such a proposal voiced by Vladimir Putin during his Message to Federal Assembly of 4 December 2014. Free port will be created for 70 years with a possible extension of the period. It will border Vladivostok, Artyom District, Nadezhda, Shkotovsky, Guerrilla, Border and Khasan municipal areas.

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USEFUL DUTCH COMPETENCES

STRATEGIC PLANNING

RESIDENTIAL DESIGN

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From the one side, there are many federal programs for Vladivostok development; from the other side - there are many projects made by citizens and activists. So there is an attention to the city from the both sides. There is an opportunity to unite these efforts on the wave of existing activity and interest to the city.

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Housing on the Russkiy Island Diversifying of housing typologies - Villas - Terrace housing - Boat houses

Necessary problems to be solved: - Transport accessibility to the city - Touristic infrastructure - Inner transport - Life level of citizens - Ecology & maintaining - City image

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Available transport connection with «the other Russia» Public transport vehicles quality improvement Creation of transport system for a comlicated urban grid Parking policy & booming motorization relaxation Night transport system Transport connection within the agglomeration Arrangement of the bicycle infrastructure

PROJECT MANAGEMENT

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Simple scaveging and maintaining of the city arrangement Second wind for a cult confectiory factory «Pomorskiy Konditer» (arrangement of workshops, thinktanks, etc. for creating new ideas) Automobiles assimilation programs (How to change existing «Car-mentality»? or to adapt for a citizen-friendly environment?) Programs for effective transport, cultural and event linking with «the other Russia» Any kind of touristic programs

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COMPLEX DEVELOPMENT

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Development on the vast territory of Russkiy Island Development of satellite cities within the «Big Vladivostok» agglomeration Touristic complexes development

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Recreation and cultural platforms within the existing (soviet) districts

WATERFRONT DEVELOPMENT

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City waters ecology and scavenging

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Enlarging the sea waterfront line

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COMPLEX (RE) DEVELOPMENT Redevelopment of sea adjacent brownfields Redevelopment of the former military campuses and fortresses on the Russkiy islands The soviet part of the city has its specific architectural image by housing along the relief. The question is how to underline this beauty?

INNER CITY

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Although the historical core of the city is small, it is now developing chaotically whithout any clear image. So there is a potential for architectural principles of development creation.

Places for water & beach resorts development

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KEY PEOPLE WHO CARE CITY HALL

PAVEL SHUGUROV

IGOR PUSHKARYOV

The chief Artist & art-curator of Vladivostok, director of studio «33+1»

Mayor of Vladivostok

EKATERINA BELYAEVA

ALEXANDER MIROSHNICHENKO

ELENA BELOVA

director of art-portal «NEST», city experimental group «GR2»

activist of the public cycling movement «Vladivostok Velosipedization»

news portal Vladivostok3000, open city lectorium «Luch-5»

www.33plus1.ru/

CITIZENS

http://neeest.ru/

https://vk.com/i_bike_vl

http://vladivostok3000.ru/ http://luch5.ru/

PROFESSIONAL COMMUNITY

VALENTIN V. ANIKEEV Professor of architectural faculty in FarEast Federal University, doctor of Architecture

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ABOUT the CITY Official city’s administration web-site

http://www.vlc.ru/

City news portal

http://deita.ru/

City internet magazine «VLADIVOSTOK 3000» http://vladivostok3000.ru/

MAIN DEVELOPERS Construction & installation company «KANYON»

http://kanion.ru/

Construction companies group «RAZVITYE»

http://www.ifk.su/

State construction projects company «NASH DOM - PRIMORYE» http://en.primdevelop.ru/

INTERNATIONAL EVENTS Vladivostok Urban Forum,

http://www.vlc.ru/life_city/forum/english/

Annual International Construction Expo «CITY»

http://en.dalexpo.vl.ru/city-2015

International architecture & design exhibition «ARCH’Pacific»

http://www.dvfu.ru/web/is/-/v-dvfu-sostoitsa-vystavka-arhitektury-i-dizajna-arch-pacific

International school for «CONTEMPORARY ART IN CITY ACRITECTURE» http://afrus.ru/vladivostok/ru/2014/09/377

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VLADIVOSTOK

GENIUS LOCI Vladivostok is a multiple hills and waves. The very genius loci of the city- landscape itself - encourage locals for a nonstop move. They know from a childhood that their efforts would be rewarded (for example, climbing on a hill would be rewarded with an outstanding panoramic veiw), so they have no borders and evanesce in environment, filling their space with continuous life and activity (even in the times of crisis). The Vladivostoks are mild, light and easy-going wanderers, and - what is special- seem a bit foreign, crafty, wile and wild to the other Russia. Their art and culture is of an elusive exotic and percieved by european Russia as «from the hills and far away». Just like in the most adorable Russian fairytales, where the Tzar orders the hero to bring «Don’t know what». Vladivostok is Russian dream about something we even don’t know.

A man sitting on Primorye administration building as the symbol of Vladivostok courageous and unpredictable character Image source: http://alexhitrov.livejournal.com

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RANKS OF COMPETENCES IN CITIES

KRASNODAR

KALININGRAD

VORONEZH

Inner city

Sustainable transport

Complex re-development

Project management

Inner city

Strategic planning

Sustainable transport

Waterfront development

Strategic planning

Project management

Complex development

Complex re-development

Sustainable transport

Complex re-development

Complex development

Inner city

Residential design

Project management

Residential design

Waterfront development

Residential design

Complex development

UFA

KAZAN

YEKATERINBURG

Waterfront development

Project management

Complex re-development

Strategic planning

Complex re-development

Inner city

Strategic planning

Project management

Sustainable transport

Complex development

Complex re-development

Waterfront development

Sustainable transport

Residential design

Complex development

Strategic planning

Complex development

Residential design

Waterfront development

Inner city

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RANK OF DUTCH COMPETENCES

For each city we rank dutch competences by their relevance on a city urban agenda. So, if you want to go to ...

SOCHI

ROSTOV-ON-DON

NIZHNIY NOVGOROD

Residential design

Strategic planning

Complex development

Project management

Inner city

Strategic planning

Complex development

Project management

Sustainable transport

Inner city

Waterfront development

Complex re-development

Waterfront development

Inner city

Waterfront development

Project management

Residential design

Complex development

Complex re-development

Residential design

IRKUTSK

NOVOSIBIRSK

VLADIVOSTOK

Project management

Strategic planning

Complex development

Strategic planning

Inner city

Sustainable transport

Complex development

Sustainable transport

Strategic planning

Sustainable transport

Project management

Inner city

Waterfront development

Complex re-development

Complex development

Complex re-development

Residential design

Complex re-development

Inner city

Waterfront development

Residential design

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MAPPING COMPETENCES IN CITIES

KALININGRAD

VORONEZH ROSTOV-ON-DON

NIZHNY NOVGOROD KAZAN

KRASNODAR

UFA

YEKATERINBURG

SOCHI NOVOSIBIRSK

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RANK OF DUTCH COMPETENCES

To illustrate we mapped TOP–3 actual competences for each city

IRKUTSK

VLADIVOSTOK

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WHAT IS YOUR CHOICE? Russian cities are sometimes totally different by their character, each with their history, problems and heritage. The character dictates its fate and potential for development, so it is important to understand and analyse it. So, which one would you prefer?

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WHERE TO GO?

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THERE IS MOREâ&#x20AC;Ś This market research identified 12 cities that we see having potential to become markets for Dutch design expertise. Necessarily that leaves out the other 1098 Russian cities and towns that all keep developing and where the demand also is significant. That means there are many more places and therefore reasons of entering the Russian market as an architecture or urban design practice.

Physical map of Russian Federation with the main cities and towns

Image source: http://free.bridal-shower-themes.com/img/p/h/physicalmap-of-russia-and-surrounding-countries_2.jpg

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ADVICES FOR PLANNERS

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GETTING IN

Getting into the Russian market and the chance of succeeding in securing commissions heavily depends on the type of services one offers and the type of office or company. The size and focus of the company should define the strategy it should choose since levels of investment to enter the market, target clients and the possibilities to talk to executives in companies and the public sectors heavily depend on these two factors.

TYPES OF SERVICES Infrastructure In Russia infrastructure is almost exclusively developed and funded by government bodies on the different administrative levels of the Russian Federation. Potential clients typically can be found by participating in official business missions of the Dutch government and by working with Russian think tanks that advise the public sector. Conferences focusing on a particular topic can also be a good way of getting in touch since they usually are visited by high profile people from the field. A more local approach are the many urban forums that take place in any larger city in Russia in fall and early winter. Here usually the whole local scene of politicians, business people and designers are mingling with well-known experts from all over Russia and abroad.

Urban design (and bottom up engagement) Urban Design knows a large variety of clients funding it, ranging from the public sector across commercial developers to large planning institutions and NGOs. This rather diffuse field therefore also knows many format where potential clients can be found. Generally speaking governmental clients and some commercial clients can best be found in the urban forums described above. The latter also are easy to find at international real estate fairs such as MIPIM or Expo Real. The more bottom up type of clients can better be found in giving public lectures as universities, writing in blogs or teaching summer courses.

Architecture Architecture probably is the least diffuse of all fields. Here one can either try to get a publication in one of the many Russian magazines, give public lectures in one of the architecture centre s and museums, attend urban forums or go to real estate fairs such as MIPIM.

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TYPES OF FIRMS

Depending on the type of firm, the way of approaching clients should differ. Firms should use their strategic advantages.

Small studio A Small specialist active studio can act very personally and approachable. Collaborating with others will allow it to contribute its specific expertise while also building networks. Its structure and the fact that the person on the table usually is also the person in charge of producing the content is something Russian clients value since it gives them the feeling they deal with a real expert.

Obviously this can only be rough guidance and ultimately success it is depending on many other factors as well but it shows that getting into the market â&#x20AC;&#x201C; unlike in other countries - can be done relatively efficiently and with reasonable levels of upfront investment.

Medium sized firm Medium sized firms that already have some reputation and eventually been published in a Russian magazine, on a website or have been appearing on a conferences can use this. Typically being invited for a conference and having a good story leads to invitations for other conferences in other places in Russia as well. The same is true for publications and websites. In addition to that, they can also directly approach some of the medium sized players in the market or present themselves to cities comparable to those introduced in this report.

Large and global firms Large and global players with a name can approach public and private sector clients directly. Chances are high that they will get to talk to senior executives to make their case. They usually can also participate relatively easily in tenders and competitions. But while these companies usually have a corporate structure and are not focused on one person, it is important in Russia that the firm is associated with a face - a person media, politics and businesses can focus on.

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BONUS LIST

ONE MORE THING... To western eyes Russia is a country full of strangeness and surprising moments. Interesting people with almost unbelievable stories, epic landscapes, socialist utopias in dire straits, traditions and brands. The latter often come with a story behind them that seemingly seamlessly integrates socialism and capitalism, Tsarist Russia, the Soviet Union and what came after. In that way they are the embodiment of what Russia is today – a very contemporary collage of ideologies and cultures.

by Elena Marus ©

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OUR RESEARCH TEAM CHIEF EDITING MARKUS APPENZELLER YANA GOLUBEVA EDITING VIOLETTA GUNINA RAITING ANALYTICS BRECHTJE SPREEUWERS MARTIN PROBST MIKHAIL STEPURA VIKTOR KOROTYCH GRAPHICS ANASTASIYA KHITRINA OLGA BEGOVATOVA

Rotterdam Office Vijverhofstraat 47 3032 SB Rotterdam The Netherlands

London Office 19-21 Nile Street London N1 7LL United Kingdom

St.Petersburg Office Московский пр. 220-366 196066 Санкт-Петербург Россия

Shanghai Office 亚a区西苏州路71号4楼邮编：200041

T +31(0)10 443 90 70 F +31(0)10 443 90 61

T +44(0)207 336 73 53 F +44(0)207 336 76 55

T +7 921 770 26 71

T +86(0)21 6381 8852 F +86(0)21 6210 6752

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

WE THANK FOR PICTURES: Ilya Varlamov blog (http://varlamov.ru/); «Tipichniy Krasnodar» web-community (http://vk.com/typical_krd); «Tipichniy Kaliningrad» web-community (http://vk.com/typikal); «Tipichniy Nizhniy Novgorod» web-community (http:// vk.com/typical_nn); «Tipichniy Yekaterinburg» web-community (http://vk.com/te_ekb); «Tipichniy Vladivostok» web-community (http://vk.com/tipical_vl); «Macrotkani» photoproject (http://macrotkani.com/)

FOR ON-LINE QUESTIONNARIE ANSWERS: Timur Bogdanenko; Helena; Igor Titov; Sergei Grigoryev; Gulnaz Nizamutdinova (twicely!); Maxim; Alice Druzhinina; Dmitry; Taya Khalikova; Nikolai Novikov; Alina «Kalina» Karimova; Julia; Al; Anton; Sergei; Anna; Daria Blizniyk; Timothy; Paul Stolyarov; Tanya; Roman Fisenko (twicely!); Nastya Butorina; Julia Rodikova; Julia; Maria; Irina Galkina; Luybov; Koryakina Paulina; Alexander Kalinin; Alexander Kuznetsov; Masha; Arthur Gareev; Roman; Michael;Katya; Tatyana; Asya; Nastya; Anastasia; Max; Catherine; Anna; Lily; Andrew Dyukarev; Maydurov Anton; Eugene Makarova; Maxim; Daria; Dmitry; Alexandra; Denis Dubover; Alexei; Tatyana and a number of respondents, who prefer to stay anonym.

FOR INTERVIEWS: Yana Gloubeva; Anton Finogenov; Svyatoslav Murunov; Alexandr Lozhkin; Elena Batynova; Ilya Zalivukhin; Eduard Kubensky; Vita Vyatchina; Daria Bliznyuk; Pavel Shugurov; Maxim Polyakov

THIS RESEARCH WAS MADE POSSIBLE WITH GENEROUS SUPPORT OF:

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a publication of:

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made possible with the generous support of: