3. I srail Shukhrat, Israil Mukaddas

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

DISTANCE LEARNIN G

IN The sample of our research THE PANDEMIC included 14 children with disabilities, students from «Aisi» school and PERIOD : children from school #5 in Rustavi City, 7 male and 7 female, aged from 6 to 11. Thus, there were 7 schoolchildren with disabilities (the test group) and 7 schoolchildren without dis AD VANTA GES AND DISAD VANTA GES t abilities (control group). The process took place individually. In particular, the participant painted the pic ture «My Family» and then an in-depth interview began. srail Mukaddas rgashevna, Doctor of Philosophy, professor (israil19mukaddas@gmail.com)

zbek State niversity of World Tashkent, Uzbekistan anguages ( zS W ), faculty of International Journalism,

srail Shukhrat Mukhtar ugli, Professor (muzaf17@gmail.com) Tashkent, Uzbekistan

srail Mukaddas rgashevna srail Shukhrat Mukhtar ugli

bstract

Distance education is becoming popular in modern society. The emergence of distance learning entailed the need for the development and implementation of appropriate technologies. Distance learning is a novelty in Uzbekistan. But nevertheless, the forced remote work of the teacher for several months made it possible to compare distance and traditional education, to draw preliminary scientific conclusions. The article discusses the prospects for the introduction of distance education systems in modern conditions, the advantages and disadvantages of distance learning in comparison with the traditional education system, the role of the family in organizing effective distance education, identifies the main problems of implementing distance learning systems and their effectiveness.

Keywords: distance learning, distance education, information technology, Internet technologies, teaching methods, implementation problems, the effectiveness of distance learning.

Nowadays, distance learning is becoming more and more popular all over the world, which increases the urgency of the problem of developing private methods of using technical teaching aids. This is primarily due to the contradictions between traditional and distance learning. More and more people in the world prefer distance learning, full-time and part-time.

Until now, distance learning has been irrelevant in Uzbekistan. However, the COVID-19 infection has made its own adjustments in our daily life. Since March 16, kindergartens, schools and universities have been closed in Uzbekistan due to the risk of the spread of the disease. The entire educational process switched to remote mode.

The Ministry of Public Education admitted that there is a problem with the insufficiently high speed of the Internet. Therefore, online learning may not be available for all students in the republic. Then it was decided to launch television lessons, because this is the only option for covering the entire population with distance learning. Launching of TV lessons became the most reasonable solution, since the coverage of digital broadcasting covers the entire country, and also does not require additional costs from consumers and new infrastructure solutions. So, to March 30, more than 350 video lessons were prepared in Uzbek, Russian and sign languages. The broadcast was carried out on national channels. These materials were posted also on the ministry's social networks and on video platforms such as YouTube and Mover.uz.

On the official website of the World Bank, uzdaily.uz, on April 25, 2020, an article was published «Uzbekistan: timely response to learning during school closures», which noted: «There is a difference between well-thought-out online lessons and emergency distance learning during a crisis. And the efforts of many countries introducing distance learning should be seen as such. When the crisis is over, this experience will provide the ministry and relevant stakeholders with an opportunity to evaluate the results and improve distance learning if schools are to be closed in the future» [8].

The UNESCO Office in Uzbekistan welcomed the relevant decisions taken by the leadership of Uzbekistan to counter the spread of coronavirus, as well as the measures of the Ministry of Public Education to establish distance learning for schoolchildren. UNESCO stressed: coronavirus is not a reason not to study.

It also became obvious that the development of distance learning is impossible without the Internet. In this connection, on May 11, the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev held a meeting on the widespread introduction of the digital economy and e-government. It discussed the development of information technology infrastructure. Expanding broadband Internet networks by 10 percent could increase GDP by at least one percent, according to a World Bank report.

This year the task is to increase the coverage of fiber-optic communications in the preschool education system from 41 to 100 percent, in the public education system – from 40 to 70, in health care – from 38 to 100. Thanks to this, many villages will have access to the Internet. In this regard, the Ministry for the Development of Information Technologies and Communications was tasked with providing social facilities with high-speed Internet access, and bringing the coverage of high-speed mobile Internet to 90 percent by the end of the year [8].

Establishing effective distance learning is one of the most advanced methods of modern education. 2020 was declared in Uzbekistan as the Year of Science, Education and Digital Economy Development. And the importance of the development of digital technologies in Uzbekistan, paradoxically, was once again proved by the pandemic.

The urgent transfer of training to distance learning in the context of a pandemic has significant differences from a properly planned online training based on massive open online courses. Educational organizations forced to work with students remotely in order to reduce the risks of the spread of coronavirus should be aware of this difference when assessing the effectiveness of so-called «online learning» using distance learning technologies.

Such a sharp transition to the «distance» is a necessary and urgent measure. Not all universities, including teachers and students, were ready for this radical restructuring of the educational process based on objectively different levels of information infrastructure development, provision of disciplines with electronic educational resources and the readiness of teachers to use digital platforms and services in the educational process. Of course, the stressful situation for all participants cannot but affect the attitude towards online learning and other distance learning technologies.

Direct distance work with students during the quarantine period made it possible to analyze the pros and cons of this form of work from the perspective of a teacher.

Benefits of distance learning (from the perspective of a teacher)

The ability not to go to work and work from home (a lot of advantages).

The ability to give more diverse information, materials (it is not yet known how this knowl- edge is acquired).

It is easier to read lectures (with or without a presentation, you can simply send materials for self-study, your own or someone else's video).

Very good for additional education, for advanced training courses, for education abroad (a lot of advantages).

You can prepare materials once and use them successfully for several years.

A good opportunity for growth (with the right time allocation, you teach, write articles, do science, home, family) But this is already in the second and subsequent years of distance learning, when you are already gaining experience and using ready-made materials.

You can work at any time of the day, get enough sleep in the morning.

Saving money associated with the socialization of a person in society, with the creation of an external image of a teacher.

There is a reassessment of values, in particular those related to the presentation of information on the subject.

The teacher gets closer to students (if he estab- lishes communication correctly)

More creative, flexible thinking is required from the teacher.

Disadvantages of distance learning (from the perspective of a teacher)

Lack of free time (you work around the clock). Feeling like at work all day.

The illusion of knowledge acquisition by students. The com- plexity of an objective assessment of the knowledge gained.

It is difficult to control the degree of understanding, there is no emotional, energy exchange. There is no understanding which part is clear / not clear.

It is difficult when teaching disciplines of an applied nature, where practical skills are even more necessary than theoretical knowledge, for example, teaching medicine, in particular dentistry, surgery, choreography, architecture. It is also difficult to remotely teach natural sciences like mathematics, physics, geometry. It turned out to be quite difficult to teach languages with complex grammar (from personal experience) (for example, Russian for foreigners)

You can use other people's materials in a corporate culture (that is, do not work to the proper extent. The border between a good, competent and not very competent teacher is not much blurred.

In the first year, the preparation of materials, the very work with students, with the leadership, round-the-clock remote communication are always absorbed.) The family is also involved in this process. And the thought arises: it would be better if I lectured several couples in the audience.

Lack of time. As a result, you work often and at night, especially during check-ups and grades.

Then it will be difficult to socialize again.

Adapting to distance learning can be difficult later (when the quarantine is over).

It is difficult to give low marks (sympathy, kind attitude, un- derstanding of the difficult learning environment interferes).

Difficulties in teachers with authoritarian thinking, with low emotional abilities (EQ).

Fights corruption.

The teacher masters new teaching methods and techniques related to working on the Internet. No.

There are wonderful teachers in terms of knowledge of the subject, but it is too late for them to master Internet technologies. It's never too late to learn, but there are people who are not predisposed to this.

There is a high-quality interaction between the older and younger generations. Adults learn from young people to use technology, the Internet, young people learn teaching methods, consult. A generational change is taking place. If the quarantine con- tinues for a long time or distance learning prevails, the adult generation (among them there are very good scientists and educators) will stop teaching. Or he will teach a little and without enthusiasm.

The intelligence of teachers is manifested. If in full-time an illiterate teacher could calmly teach, with distance learning his activities will become transparent, since everyone has the opportunity to observe their lessons and communication. It is difficult for young specialists, who for experience there is a great need for ordinary (not remote) communication, socialization, to gain pedagogical experience working indi- vidually.

Distance learning requires teachers to have high human qualities and spiritual values. Young, undeveloped individuals, educators, or adults who lack these qualities will work mechanically. This will not contribute to successful communication and will complicate the learning and working environment.

Since the teacher teaches at home during distance learning, the teacher needs family help for effective work. This is primarily financial, psychological, physical and moral assistance. The need for a regular Internet connection, the use of modern technology is the minimum requirement for organizing effective distance learning. If there is no electricity, then you have to use the resources of solar energy.

The teacher works with short-term breaks, and these breaks do not depend on the teacher, but more on the students, on when they can get in touch. This means that breakfasts, lunches and dinners in the family are no longer according to the established schedule, but depend on the time of students who study remotely. With such an irregular schedule, high-calorie, varied, fortified food is needed. And again the family comes to the rescue. Without such power, sedentary, intellectual work on a computer, excessive communication (albeit remote) draws a lot of energy. Without understanding and help, care of family members, working and studying in such a mode is exhausting.

I would also like to mention a healthy, supportive atmosphere that is necessary at home. During the quarantine period, it is very important, especially during the period of organizing distance learning. The family must understand that if your soul mate is physically at home, this does not mean that she is always mentally at home. Even being at home, you need to create optimal conditions for work and understand that when a teacher works remotely or studies, you should not distract him or interfere. Nobody canceled work and study, therefore, when the child is engaged, and the teacher is teaching, there is no need to interfere.

The family should also help organize the teacher and student's leisure time if they work and study remotely. Family members should also organize their vacation so that it coincides with the time of students and telecommuters.

If you rest during the work of your half or during the distance study of your child, then you should rest passively: sleep, flip through Facebook, read a book, a newspaper, but in no case should you watch TV or listen to the radio, thereby interfering with the teacher's work and student learning.

This quarantine during a pandemic and the associated distance learning is like a thunderbolt on the head of teachers and students. Without sufficient training, teachers are forced to work without having the

skills to work remotely, which requires, to some extent, new teaching skills. Therefore, it is stressful for the teacher and the student. You have to understand this! And in the family, you need to learn to defuse the situation, not to discuss often negative information, listen to meditative, classical music. The situation in the family, communication among family members should be supportive and kind.

As a conclusion, I would like to say that along with the selfless work of doctors, whose work is invaluable, we should appreciate the work of teachers who also work, if not in extreme, then in not very favorable conditions. Plus, they learn to teach in a new way! And it's not quite easy! And at the moment, first of all, the family is their support! We must take care of our health and our loved ones! We hope that the quarantine will end soon! And then, armed with new knowledge of technology, technology, new invaluable experience of work and communication, teachers will more confidently continue to work in their institutions with their favorite team and their work will be worthy of appreciation!

Distance learning is experiencing temporary difficulties today, such as:

Insufficient computer literacy of teachers and trainees, lack of experience in distance learning; many teachers and students are not yet ready for this teaching method, giving preference to classical education;

Insufficient development of information and communication infrastructures;

Training programs and courses are not well developed due to the fact that there are not so many qualified specialists capable of creating such training aids;

Poor use of standards in distance learning; The problem of finding specialists. High qualification of developers is required; to create high-quality multimedia courses, you need a team of subject matter specialist, artist, programmer, etc.; Insufficient interactivity of modern distance learning courses; 7) Low percentage of completion of courses due to insufficient experience in using distance learning systems and the complexity of motivating students.

Distance education allows you to realize two basic and vital principles of modern education: education for all, education throughout life [5].

We are confident that modern teachers will go down in history as the pioneers of mass distance learning! And this new experience of theirs will be an impetus for innovation, which will lead to a breakthrough in education and economics. Today we are already witnessing such an innovation. It is planned to introduce distance learning as an experiment in three universities in Tashkent from the 2020/2021 academic year. Based on its results, the experience can be extended to other higher educational institutions. It is proposed to introduce a new form of education as an experiment at the Tashkent University of Information Technologies named after Muhammad al-Khorezmi, the Tashkent State Pedagogical University and the Tashkent State University of Law.

By April 1, the responsible ministries were instructed to determine the procedure for conducting distance learning, create a hardware and software complex and equip these universities with the necessary equipment. The Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan, taking into account the results of the experiment, by January 1, 2021, must make proposals and a schedule for introducing distance learning into the higher education system in the context of universities and directions. [9]. This means that distance learning is already our present and near future. We hope that after the quarantine the education sector will rise to a new quality level and all the disadvantages of distance education will turn into advantages.

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