Delphinium biternatum Huth growing on the ridge of Zailiysky Alatau onthomorphogenesis Caspian State University of Technologies and Engineering named after Sh.Yesenov, Aktau, Kazakhstan

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

Delphinium biternatum Huth. growing on the ridge of Zailiysky Alatau onthomorphogenesis

h. mirbaeva (umirbaeva_zoya@mail.ru), G. gizbayeva

aspian State niversity of echnologies and ngineering named after Sh. esenov

bstract

The onthomorphogenesis of the species Delphinium (Delphinium iliense Huth. and Delphinium biternatum Huth. growing on the ridge of Zailiysky Alatau was studied. The age states of the herbaceous perennials are characterized.

Comprehensive study of the life cycle of plants is one of the early subject bases. The life cycle is a stage in the development of one or more generations of organisms, individuals, and individual species. It is studied in the science from the point of view of morphological, physiological, ecological, onthogenetic and phylogenetic branches [1, 2].

Scientists [3,4,5], along with the stage of organogenesis, classify the process of onthogenesis of higher plants into stepwise and age periods: growth, juvenile and virginal periods, complete formation and aging. Each of them is characterized by the formation of certain organs and other processes such as deformation and aging of metameric organs formed one after the other.

Keywords:Delphinium liense Huth., Delphinium biternatum Huth., ontomorphogenesis

ntroduction

Currently, research on the changes in the skeleton and age structure of plants growing in various plant communities, as well as in forest, steppe and meadow habitats is widespread. Determining the age characteristics of many European plant species revealed the laws of formation of the basic concepts and principles of population-ontogenetic research [1,2]. Recently, a lot of information has been collected about the age and structure of plant populations, but such data are often typical of plants living in the plains. Due to the lack of data on the skeleton and age structure of populations of alpine plants, the study of the skeleton of alpine plant species of the Northern Tien Shan is one of the most important theoretical goals in the field of botany.

Materials and Method of esearch

Family Ranunculaceae Juss.

Distribution area of the plant Delphinium biternatum Huth. Orthasia. It is widespread in Central Asia and the Pamirs – Altai, Turkmenistan, and on the territory of Kazakhstan in the rocky, steppe slopes and forests of the Dzungarian, Trans-Ili Alatau and Ketpen Mountains, Terskey, Kyrgyz Alatau [7].

This plant species is found in the Trans-Ili Alatau ridge in the western belt of the Kotyr Bulak gorge at an altitude of 1000 m above sea level. Its variegated cenosis includes: Eremurus fuscus Vved. ex [E. Nikit.], Astragalus schangianus Pall., Hypericum perfaratum L., Spiraea hypercifolia L. (Fig. 2).

Delphinium biternatum Huth when determining the features of plant onthomorphogenesis, we used the instructions of I. I. I. Sikur and L. p. Syritsa [6], based on the method of Rabotnov [3]. For the age periods of plants from vegetative period to the generative period, and their descriptions were obtained about 10 numbers of plant, for determining the stages of onthogenesis were measured biometric indicators: height, length and width of the leaf boards, flower size and number of flower per plant, total number of floral shoots, the duration of the flowering phase.

Based on the methods, the study of the features of onthomorphogenesis was carried out by independently determining various age periods and drawing their images.

Morphological features of underground organs were studied by methods of V. G. Golubev [7], I. p. Ignatieva [8], I. G. Serebryakov [9], M. S. Humpty [10] and M. G. Taranovskaya [11], I. O. Baitulin [12], and clear definitions of their root system were given.

Statistical processing of quantitative indicators of biometric studies of plants in the natural environmental conditions was carried out based on the works of G. N. Zaitcev [13] and T. D. Dospekhov [14].

esults and Discussion

A relative of the daisy (Delphinium L.), the three-limbed daisy (Delphinium biternatum Huth.) at the germination stage are formed on a sprout 1.5 cm high, 2 green, slender, sessile seeds. If the seed pod is 0.7 cm long, it will be 0.2 cm wide. At this stage, the leaf axils are weak, short-lived, its length does not exceed 0.2 cm. The thin, weak main root, developed at this stage of development, penetrates the soil to a depth of 2.2 cm. At the stage of growth, small, very rare firstorder lateral roots 0.3-0.4 cm long begin to form from the main root.

In the juvenile period (J) the plant height is 5.3 – 8.0 cm. The number of leaves is 1-2. In the juvenile period, the leaf blade is divided into two, three-branched, three slice, and during development, three thinlinear slices are formed. The leaf blade is 0.9-1.6 cm long and 1.5-2.7 cm wide. At this stage of development in the root system is formed mature tubers with green buds, from which begin to develop the first auxiliary roots, the number of which is 4–5. The thickness of the tuber gradually thickens, reaching 0.5 – 0.7 cm. And the length of the auxiliary roots formed from the tuber is only 2.9 – 3.8 cm.

The height of the immature plant is 12.5 cm. The plant is in the condition of 3 leaves. The leaf blade of the plant in the immature period is much flattened and sliced twice or thrice. The slices are convex and sharp, forming a wedge shaped base. The leaf blade of the plant develops at a length of 2.1 – 3.3 cm and a width of 4.5 – 5.3 cm. The leaf axils mature much better and reach a length of 7.4-9.5 cm. Also, during development, the thickness of the tuber increases by 0.7 cm. Under certain conditions, during the immature period, new, young shoots begin to develop from the green buds formed in the tuber. New, young tubers are not isolated, they form clones of shoots of different ages. From this time the main tuber is also in the stage of virginal development. Some large mature auxiliary roots penetrate the soil to a depth of 4.5 – 5 cm.

In the virginal stage (V) the plant height is 16.5 cm. The plant has several leaves, the number of which reaches 15-18. Leaf blade length is 3.6 – 4.5 cm, width is 5.3 – 6.3 cm. The leaf axils develop rapidly and reach a length of 10.3 – 12.3 cm. From the green buds of the tuber appear new, young shoots with different shapes of leaves. If at this age the initial tuber is in the virginal stage, mature young tubers may be in the juvenile and immature stages (Fig. 2).

In some cases, the immature tuber enters the virginal stage without forming young tubers and forms a generative shoot. Generative stage (G): the height of the generative shoot is 114 cm. The plant has 18-20 rhizome leaves and 3-4 stem leaves. The leaf blade increases in size, reaching a length of 4.0 – 4.7 cm and a width of 5.4 – 6.5 cm. In the inflorescence, which is 38.5 cm long, developed at the tip of the generative shoot, about 38 pale yellow flowers mature. The length of the lateral inflorescences branched from the main inflorescence is 11-14 cm, it has about 10-14 flowers. Depth of soil to a pan, which impedes rooting, is 15–17 cm. At the stage of generative development, the branching of auxiliary roots is low, only to the secondary lateral roots. The length of the primary lateral vein is 8-10 cm, the length of the secondary vein is only 0.2-0.3 cm.

In the process of individual development in the flower of the trifoliate tegur in forms a thick tuberthreaded root system (Fig. 2).

By the end of the immature period, primary life forms begin to form in almost all plant species. Although the different life forms that occur during the process of ontogeny depend on the species characteristics of plants, their degree of development is also influenced by environmental conditions.

Figure 2. nthomorphology of Delphinium biternatum Huth plant in different age periods: germination (P), juvenile period (J), immature period ( m1, m2), virginial period (V), generative period (G)

onclusion

The study of onthomorphogenesis of the species Delphiniumbiternatum Huth. growing on the ridge of Zailiysky Alatau allows to add the dates of diversity of Delphinium genera. It is important for fundamental and applied investigation on biodiversity of Kazakhstan, in particularly and for estimation of diversity of flora of Zailiysky Alatau, in general.

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