Master Thesis _ Biocity Lindau _2 by Mohamed Kamel

100 Strategy 2: New Residential Housing, Urban development in that part of the island requires radical analysis of current situation, and before starting this analysis I should mention, the old town planning doesn’t reflect only one period era, but several layers of planning through the ages . Thus, for the better understanding the logic of the town planning, I should also refer to a certain circumstances. Which is quite difficult at the moment to get what it was meant by each single building on the island. Furthermore I drew the first logic on the island, which is the main access, which creates the sense of continuity between the old town and the new developments. The First diagram shows the north - south grid while the second diagram shows the east-west grid network. It shows also, they were much more concerns about the vertical street and network, while a lot of opinions were trying to find interpretations for that. In my opinion, the vertical networks are representing the ventilation access while the all the vertical street is very narrow and controlling summer wind ventilation speed. Focusing on the left side of the island and by extending the logical grid on the other side, I would also talk about the integration between the built environments with the food production lands. The diagram on the right side, represents the schematic idea what I want to say. Different layers of residential houses, recreational activities, educational facilities and agricultural lands, all those are integrated together in a harmony and interacting in all scales. It is also proposing the possibility of reusing the existing train infrastructure and replaces it with another productive infrastructure that the island can gain a benefit out of it. At the end, an additional layer to the floating structure -that I already explained- of a food production, and achieving a high level of the food security in the region.

Figure 74: North- South Networks

Figure 75: East- West Networks

Figure 76: Combined Networks

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Figure 77: Agricultural integration in Lindau - proposal

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Strategy 2 : New Residential Housing- Design Process The Development for the residential houses with different layers, the first layer is the public layer of recreational and commercial facilities. The second layer is glasshouses on top of the commercial facilities to fulfill their needs of food. The Third layer is planting the elevations especially on the southern parts of the buildings. The fifth layer is the residential apartment, which occupies 5 floors. It is also possible to mix the residential houses with office building or multi- - purpose facilities. The Diagram below shows the process of the development for one residential building. It starts with the regular courtyard right in the middle which I also proposed a vegetation inside the courtyard, Furthermore, if I want to differentiate between the

Figure 78: Design Process - Mixed use units

old and the new towns, I will propose that we can flip it out, the building becomes a garden and the courtyard becomes a building, in this solution I could keep the same old structure of the houses, at the same time it will be inverted and easy to differentiate between the old and the new buildings blocks. Roof tops are always playing a very important role in the design, its also adds 7% to effective food production lands. On the right side, the sketches shows how it ends up with glass houses all around the building block, a small courtyard right in the middle just for lighting, and finally a continue series of open pedestrian friendly walkways.

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Cable guides on outer curtain wall support

service system

Swivel clamp

harvesting floor

a patented uspended d harvesting can rise as

40m

NFT tray with holes for plants

harvesting bins and germination trays

PLANT CABLE LIFT (PCL) SECTION Section through facade farm showing VIG

Figure 79: VIG process sketches- AgriGREEN market P1 lding integrated hydroponic cultural shed - Marchintegrating 19, 2008 buildings Source: utah.agclassroom.orgfiles

Figure 79’: Diagrams and sketches- Agricultural integrating buildings

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Strategy 2: New Residential Housing- Design Details Diagrams and sketches, represent different layer of activities, public, semi public semi private and private zones. Although the food productions zones have a special focus in my proposal, but it is integrated with built environment as well. And in order to enhance this relationship between the housing and agriculture, old town and new town, public and private.. etc , a new diagram explaining - in details- this combination.

Figure 80: Detailed Sketch layout - Agricultural integrating buildings

Figure 81: Proposed _Zoning Agricultural integrating buildings

Figure 82: Proposed _Section. Agricultural integrating buildings

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Strategy 2 : Design Sketches Visionary conceptual sketches, for two different spots in the island, the most influential places. Starting and ending The first sketch represents the first impression when the passenger arrives to Lindau, from my point of view, the island still needs to present the nature, being natural island in lake constant and overlooking to the sounding mountain is kind of magic. I want to guide the message. Sketch 2, showing the place where the island meets with the lake, it is a special unique location on the island. A new intervention for a community center and multipurpose hall are located in this place .Accessible rooftops and visual continuity were my keywords

Figure 83: Sketch 1: Proposal_ Island First Impression

Figure 85: Sketch 2: Proposal_ A new intervention for a community centre and multipurpose hall

Figure 84: Sketch 2: Proposal_ A new intervention for a community centre and multipurpose hall

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Figure 87: Zoning diagram

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Figure 86: Master Layout - Stratgy 2

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110 Strategy 2: The new development in Reutin (Mainland) On the other side, the mainland, the new commercial center of Lindau, where the old train station was located in this area before. Although, the new commercial center is being developed recently, it does have a tough barrier against the waterfront side. My idea is to break the limits and to attract as much as possible to the other side, by locating new commercial facilities. Furthermore the train tracks are creating that barrier and dividing visually and physically this area into two different parts. Besides the high demands in housing due to the houses expensiveness in the island. Thus, in order to solve all these problems, I started to analyze the existing situation and defining the main problems and opportunities. Indeed, new connections and facilities are needed to accomplish a successful link crossing to the other side, so I created a structure platform for pedestrians. Furthermore, new activities for public are invented over there and it became more active vibrant connection rather than just a typical bridging. Consequently they enjoy crossing over the platform that is also a commercial extension for the existing shopping mall. A new 66 apartment are designed over this platform, which has access from the lower level as well. On the other side a new shopping zone for organic food, which is planted around the site. The shape of the structure creates different zones, one is the opposite of the other one around and courtyard has interactions with the place on front. So the structure is well integrated together with the urban fabric and interacted with all scales and levels.

Figure 88: Section throught the bridge

Figure 89: Car-based network The Maiin Pedestrian Routes

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Figure 90: Proposal _ Master Layout

Figure 91: Zoning Diagram

Figure 92: Proposal _ Section

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Strategy 2 : Modelling -Reutin Connections,continuousness of the urban fabric between both sides Figure 93: Reutin Model

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Figure 94: Master Layout

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IV.

Contents Chapter

Urban Design strategies

3.0

Chapter 3: Urban Design strategies 3.1 Regional Framework of the Future of Lindau (Midterm) 3.1.1 3.1.2

Urban Analysis and Strategies of the Region Sustainability strategies 3.1.3.1 Strategy 1 3.1.3.2 Strategy 2

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Urban Design Strategies

118 3.2 A Framework for the Future Development of the Island (Final Term) 3.2.1 Regional Strategy Paths to a Fossil CO2 Free, Lindau Cities must lead the way to a climate friendly and sustainable energy future. Today, Lindau has a special location and boundaries, which allow it to participate more toward solving the climatic and global warming issues. As I showed already in the first chapter the strategies for carbon freedom, and one of those strategies is reducing the CO2 emissions due to food transporting. Lindau Region alone has approximately 800 hectare of unplanned agriculture lands, some of them already been used as for food production and others not, my vision is to connect all those regional lands towards a food production strategy. Although pressures on the rural landscape are no longer serious, including mounting burdens of water pollution, but soil degradation and irrigation demand of a definite agricultural base. In the region of Lindau, and despite the absence of significant connection between the agricultural, an opportunity exists to produce meaningful qualities and quantities of food for large urban population, within the built environment. By combining these regional agricultural lands, which is almost 8 Km2, equal to 800 Hectare, which is able to feed around 2000 person.

al, 2007;UNEP, 2007; Brown and Funk, 2008; Lobell et al, 2008) The concept is repose both to global warming and climate change and to reduce long distance food transport and achieving security and food safety. Within a biking distance -around 6 kilometers - is my limits to produce the intended amount of vegetables, poultry,..ect.. Thus, this distance allows all the farmers and the employees to transport their products by their own bikes and without any cars or trucks. As a result of this food production strategy, the regional agricultural lands can produce vegetable with a lower total energy outputs, per kilogram or delivered product than either conventional green house agriculture or profile. As an added value, the regional agricultural network can deliver much-needed jobs to urban areas. Creating thousands of green label jobs, such as a building and operating greenhouse facilities, installing solar panels and constructing green buildings, are an excellent way to fight both global warming and offering jobs. To operate these lands, it could be operated by community housing projects regardless of the location or operated by community civil associations I would have called it a community -support agriculture systems.

A new modern agriculture network feeds 2000 of mouths every day and cuts the fossil fuels based on transporting the food. New urbanization rewords that food, once grown and harvested, must travel a long distances, addition to fossil fuel consumption, traffic congestions, air pollution and carbon emissions while all those problems are already solved in my proposal. On the other side, Global warming is predicted to lead to widespread shortages of food, water and arable land by 2050 within abroad belt extending north and south of water and encompassing some of the world’s most populous regions (Parry et

Figure 95: Eat Your Green Source: Lehmann, S., & Crocker, R. (2012)

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Figure 96: Green zones - Visionary urban design master plan

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Lindau’s Food Security within cycling distance The World Health Organization defines food security as having three facts: food availability, food access, and food use. Food availability is having available sufficient quantities of food on a consistent basis. Food access is having sufficient resources, both economic and physical, to obtain appropriate foods for a nutritious diet. Food use is the appropriate use based on knowledge of basic nutrition and care, as well as adequate water and sanitation. The FAO adds a fourth facet: the stability of the first three dimensions of food security over time FAO Agricultural and Development Economics Division (June 2006). Food Security. Retrieved 8 June 2012. Thus, from this point of departure, and within the cycling distances, I provide fragmented agricultural lands that the inhabitant of Lindau island can enjoy cycling to the destination and buying their own food. It is also an attempt to provide a local food system production, which is important part of food security. Its also another way to express such an integration between the agricultural lands (rural life) and the built environment ( urbanized ) in a way that its encouraging the locals to investigate Their own farms and get the experience

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Figure 97: Main food Production Strategy _Routes

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Lindau’s Food Security within cycling distance Focusing on rediscovery of harvesting for urban life in the region of Lindau , is about networking the agricultural lands all around the island for the food security purposes. It is a generic link and connection to reshape rural-urban relations in many regards. For the island of Lindau for 3,000 future residents it can generate bearable identity and images. It is also proposing for the spaces between country and city, to regain agricultural practices as part of urban attitudes, as the basis of urban culture. Intensive and integrated food production and careful use of the lands. Responding and reopening the experience and ability to deal with resources. The idea of networking the agriculture for everyone is based on the desire for substantiality and the search for sustainable and better lifestyles. These networks will be enhanced with activities for the community such as organic food markets, selling points, recreational facilities, Restaurants, cycling routs,..ect.

Figure 98: Food Markets Sources:(EXPO ,2015,Milan,2010)

The Diagrams show how many spaces do we need to grow the certain amount of vegetation in order to feed 3000 inhabitants in the island of Lindau. Many of those lands are located all around waterfronts and overlooking to the lake of constants, which allows me to create a new layer of activities and creating new identities for these zones. Figure 99: Proposed public green corridors Sources: (Zukunft findet Stadt 7/17/2012 )

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Regional agricultural zone -within biking distance

Regional routes / activities

Number of inhabitants covered by the production

Figure 100: Regional - biking distance- Agricultural zones

124 3.2.2 A carbon-neutral self-sufficient offshore / floating farming platform (FFP) Based on the regional vision, it’s only sufficient to produce only 25% of the 3000 inhabitants in the island. Thus the original agricultural land is not enough to create such a self-sufficient island, a new additional land should be added. From this approach, I started to think about a new typology that offers a new vegetation platform, a new land locating close to the island to cut the emissions based on food mileages of transporting the food from point A to Point B. Thus, FFB is a proposal and has conceptualized a self-sufficient, carbon neutral floating offshore farming platform .FFB is intended to serve Lindau island with an emphasis on areas with dense population lacking adequate land for food production. The FFB runs on an very simple wooden structure system and rotating with fuelled by renewable energy collected by the platform’s on board solar and wind generators. FFB also has a possibility to anchor at the island and expand when needed. The new typology starts from the main island, which is basically an extension of the main vibrant street on the island to the waterside.

Design The structure of the platform comes from the island itself, extending the main commercial street to the waterside and creating new activities that courage the locals and visitors to be close to their farms. Although the new extended platform island has the same form of Lindau Island, it is also considered as an extension for the activities which occur often over the island. A new series of greenhouses having the same protected shape of the island, the structure of the island is introverted and focused more inside where the most activities are occurring. On the other hand a floating platforms are spreading around the main heart to provide more vegetation The sufficing FFB provides around 1.2 km2 of the food, which is only 25% of the demands. Thus, the proposal shows that the island can expand anytime and whenever needed. Expandable will be able to perform a variety of functions, including the increasing food production, water desalination, poultry rising and renewable energy generation. The zero-emission platform will include recycled and natural materials and all the energy it needs will be supplied by on board including photovoltaic and renewable energy generators. By this logic, I propose that the island needs three FFB to fulfil the required needs of food and energy, Thus needs to prepare the island for this moment. The mechanism

Figure 101: Lindau layout Source: Googleearth.com

The platform also harvests rainwater and desalinates lake water to use within the floating farm. Premium crops are to be grown in the platform using hydroponic methods. The greenhouse nurtures crops protect them from environmental exposure at the lake. The platform also has the ability to anchor at the most suitable food growing locations at lake, and after the product is ready to be harvested, the platform can come back to the shore. Its also offers a seeds’ storages to save them for the next season.

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Extend the main Street to reach waterfront

Expanding...

Figure 102: Floating Farming Platform

Create a recreational Zone- floating

Detaching with another FFB.Island

Create an Agricultural land

Expanding ...

Extending an Agricultural land

126 Mobile platform While FFB is a light structure and they vegetated hydroponically, a new system of moving around the island is necessary for two reasons. First is that we need around 3 platforms to cover 3000 inhabitant’s food. So it’s a possible way to create another FFB and let it seals into the lake , or we can even cover the whole lake with platforms so we can get food products probably for the whole region. Second is because the process of photosynthesis allows plants to grow by absorbing carbon dioxide and sunlight and turning it to food, allowing the plant to grow. The solar energy is used to convert carbon dioxide into sugars with the waste products of the process being emitted as oxygen. All land plant life uses this process, but sea plants

have had to develop a slightly different process due to the lack of sun and carbon dioxide in water thus FFB is movable to allow as much sun light and carbon dioxide in water as possible. Expendability FFB is able to expand anytime and any direction needed, it doesn’t have a certain limit, except allowing the ships and boat to seal smoothly from and out the harbour. It also carries two possibilities for the expansions, The first possibility is to expand while the platform is connected to the island, the second possibility is to detach together with another platform. Adding a new area to the FFB depends on the demands of each time; in special seasons it will expand of double size to fulfill their needs.

Urban zones Main Street Agricultural Lands/ Gardens/ Parks

Old Structure of the island

Figure 103: Floating Farming platform

First Development of the island

FFB , Extension of the main Street - 1st Anchor

FFB , Extension of the main Street - 2nd Anchor

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Stability To achieve the best stability performance in the FFB , I designed two different systems that can carry this floating farms easily and effectively . The first system is more towards the natural materials, which made basically of wood, used to transport lumbermen and logs downstream. Large Cedar trunks from forest - fire area were preferred because their sealed pores absorb very little water. Ton increase lifting force and to compensate for waterlogging over time, additional layer of logs were manoeuvre underneath, sometimes building up a reverse pyramid of up to 15 feet. Wooden structure improves the motion performance of the system significantly due to damping and entrained water effects. FFB structures are made from wood this also improve its stability performance. The second system is , Styrofoam kegs

FFB , Extension of the main Street - Both Anchors

or steel drums that are sunk and then filled with air are used more and more. The stringers, the lowest part of the super structure, have to be replaced once a decade or so, depending on the quality of the wood and the water condition. Advantages There are three advantages of the FFB first, its static and dynamic stability providing sufficiently low pitch performance enabling use of recreational and food production offshore platform; second, its design and size allow for onshore landing and anchoring in different locations; last but not least it is a temporary structural it doesn’t demolish the island which can be removed anytime if not prohibited. In addition to its visual appearance is accepted in a way that it doesn’t change the image of island.

FFB while moving around

FFB while Harvesting Time

128 Floating farming platform F.F.P. Structure Two different structural systems: 1- Cedar trunks: a, logs large Cedar trunks from forest - fire area were preferred because their sealed pores absorb very little water. Ton increase lifting force and to compensate for waterlogging over time, additional layer of logs were maneuver underneath, sometimes building up a reverse pyramid of up to 15 feet. Wooden structure improves the motion performance of the system significantly due to damping and entraining water effects. FFB structures are made from wood this also improve its stability performance. 2- the second system is Styrofoam kegs or steel drums that are sunk and then filled with air are used more and more. The stringers, the lowest part of the superstructure, have to be replaced once a decade or so, depending on the quality of the wood and the water condition. Figure 104: ‘Floating Farming platform’ strucutre systems

Figure 106: Cedar Trunk, Sources : http://cdn.c.photoshelter.com/img-get/ I00001trALQ6tkMo/s/750/750/WHITE-CEDAR-LOGS-6979.jpg

Figure 105: ‘Floating Farming platform’ irrigation systems

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Figure 107: ‘Floating Farming platform’ digrams Floating Glass House - When The water Rises Up

Floating Glass House - When The water goes down

130 Sustainable crops and fish farming A new proposal of a sustainable fishery is that it is one that is harvested at a sustainable rate, where the fish population does not decline over time because of fishing practices.However avoiding overfishing through technical techniques such as “individual fishing quotas, cu curtailing destructive and illegal fishing practices by lobbying for appropriate law and policy, setting up protected areas, restoring collapsed fisheries, incorporating all externalities involved in harvesting marine ecosystems into fishery economics, educating stakeholders and the wider public, and developing independent certification

programs”http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_fishery. Some primary concerns around sustainability are that shows in the proposal, such as providing a natural fishing system within the FFP. A new fishing net are underneath in the middle of the platform in order to keep the fish around and let them swim naturally in the lake. Thus, not only will organize recruitment overfishing but also will pretend lose diversity and resilience of the fishing process.

Crops

Restaurants

Fish Farm Figure 108: ‘Floating Farming platform’ fish farm

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1 Figure 108 ‘Floating Farming platform’ Extensions

132 Enrich Public Spaces Yet, The Value of FFB creates economic, social and environmental value, by adding new layer of public activities in order to bring life there. Running, jogging, playing, entertaining and inspiring with a fascinating lake overview all along the FFB. As, a vital part of FFB everyday urban life, the places where children play, or where we encounter nature and wildlife; the local platform in which we enjoy sports, walking the dog and sitting.

Figure 109 ‘Floating Farming platform’ Activities

Restaurants

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Boat Docks

20081 68 8618002

20081 68 861800 2

Diving

Cycling Routes

Running Path Photovoltaic network

Recreational Facilities

Crops

Electrical Renewable Generators

Figure 110 ‘Floating Farming platform’ Diagram Activities

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Figure 111 ‘Floating Farming platform’ Section

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Lindau FFB Master-Layout

Figure 112 ‘Floating Farming platform’ Master Layout

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136 Models

Scale 1:1000

Figure 113 :‘Floating Farming platform’ Modelling

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138 3.2.3 The new Glass House of Lindau Public and Social place Concerning a different typology of the new and old town in Lindau Island, common questions, how do different social groups NEW EXTENSTION appropriate public, commonOLDand semi-public spaces? What TOWN forms of public life and cultures appear, for example exchange of religion festivals, evening walking along the Main Street, Sunday football game, BBQ parties, etc? How do people live and intervene on public and common space in Lindau? How do they interact in the main streets? How could it be possible Connectivity to maintain cultural diversity and enhance social interaction among different groups?

Y RAR LIB L GATHERING ZONE - BU SOCIA IESF C EE SHOPS-SHOPS-ORGANFER ZONE - FOOD P CILIT S BLI IC RODUCTION-PUBLIC FA -COFF OP EN PU H ATION CENTRE - TOURISTS FOOD SHOPS - G S R E S E EDUC N HOUSE-TOURISTIC U OP P TER - MUILTI FUNCTIONTINI PORT CENTRE - EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES - ILITIES THEA NG EXH FAC IBITION - MU NSEUM - COMMERCIAL

NEW EXTENSTION

On the contrary, and side-by-side with the old town, a new possibility for an intervention to be developed in the island. NEW EXTENSTION Nevertheless the old town has followed a certain logics of OLD TOWN stitching together and being a unique urban fabric. While the new modern part of the island has been partially built by another logics, fulfilling the demands of the modern life. A new zone is created in between, it’s actually a leftover space and it’s hardly to decide for which side it is belonging. Thus the Wide range Connectivity main goal is to emerge both together in the actual social fabric the result is a single building.

OLD TOWN

Figure 114 :Diagrams, the new development in Lindau

ARY IBR S- L ITIE R ZONE C FOOD PRODUCTION-PUBLIC FACIL PS - PUBLI FOO O N H D S S H UPPORT OPS - GREEN HOUSE-TOURISTICES - OPE IES I C ILIT NG EXH ENTRE - EDUCATIONAL FACILIT FAC IBITION - MU NSEUM - COMMERCIAL

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Train Entrance

NEW EXTENSTION

Public Entrance for locals NEW EXTENSTION

OLD TOWN

OLD TOWN Landscape

Old Train Station

Connectivity

Wide range Connectivity

Agriculture Re search Institue

ance

Food Mark et

NEW EXTENSTION

OLD TOWN

Old Train Station

Wide range Connectivity

NEW EXTENSTION

L GATHERING ZONE - BU SOCIA FFER Z O EE SHOPS-SHOPS-OR N -COFF TION CENTRE - TOU GANIC FOODE - FOOD PRODUCT A SHOPS - GREE RISTS S EDUC N HO UP TER - MUILTI FUNCTIONTINI PORT CENTRE - EDUCAT THEA NG EXH IBITION - MU NSEU

Public Entrance for locals

NEW EXTENSTION

Public Entrance for locals

OLD TOWN

Food Productio on nGlass House

- Public Museum uilti -M Theater zone Purpose

Museum Old Train Station

OLD TOWN

NEW EXTENSTION

OLD TOWN

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On the other hand it’s also to investigate different typologies of urban fabric and production of food within the urban fabric of the residential areas, Local cultures and public space are together in one single building carrying different layers of cultural activities.

Figure 115 :Section cutting through the glasshouse

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Figure 116 :Proposal _ Glass House_ Lindau , Functions diagrams

142 The Glasshouse of Lindau as a public infrastructure, Besides the social and public use of the glasshouse building, it is also used for growing plants inside which allows sunlight to reach plants on each floor. In addition to pure functionality, this decision also showcases the plants growing within, creating a more solid tie between city inhabitants and the food they consume. From the diagrams, it’s also obvious that the building is divided into several sectors, First, the public entrance and educational facilities about an agricultural institute, training centres for the new entrepreneurs, and an agricultural research centre. Second, is the partition of the food markets where also the restaurant and café shops are located in, indoor and outdoors, fully flexible design that allows furniture to change the inner space depending on what they want. Third part is more concerning planting crops and vegetables hydroponically; it’s mainly for food production. It’s also accessible by public for 24 hours, they can have a tour inside and watch out the different seasoned products. During the harvesting time, it is going to be a special moment when they have a seasonal festival while celebrating the harvest. Fourth sector is more focusing in social and culture aspects, where the new museum of Lindau is located over there and special place for ceremonies carnivals and exhibitions are located inside and overlooking for Constant Lake.

Figure 117 :Proposal _ Glass House_ Lindau ,Activities sketch

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Figure 118 :Proposal _ Glass House_ Lindau ,Land uses

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Figure 119 :Proposal _ Three Dimensional Section A_A

Figure 120 :Proposal _ Three Dimensional Section B_B

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Figure 121 :Proposal _ Three Dimensional Section

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148 Form Versus Identity Flatten and curved roofing Two Proposed Alternatives for the rood cover of the glasshouses. Mainly From Glass Material which allows sunlight to reach plants on each floor. The First Alternative has a flattened roofs fully covered with photovoltaic network and other open able windows for ventilation. In between the parts of glasshouses, are intermediate zone, smothery crossing west east side and providing social and cultural facilities. Thus the intermediate zones also covered by the photovoltaic cells but also as shading devices. The second roof design alternative, and within a smooth curved shape, Thus will add a special uniqueness character to the island. As well as the roof will be fully covered with a photovoltaic network that occupy around 27300 m2

Figure 122 :Proposal _ Sketches

Figure 123 :Flat and Curved Roofs

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3.2.4 Sustainable Housing and infrastructure development Throughout the last hundred years and until now, the Island of Lindau has been developing towards its logic of urban design Blocks. The urban design of the island doesn’t have a clear designing block but. The urban design was by accretion. The main principle was to create such an island which is protected by itself and has an introverted fabric which opens to inside and exposed some other facilities outside and over the harbor. Nevertheless, its obvious from diagram that the main logic of the street networks, north south and west east, where the north south networks have more narrow streets and its less public. The other opposite networks - West East- is more public and most of the commercial and recreational activates are located over there. The new proposal of the vacant land - West part- of the island currently needs a sustainable development. However nowadays there are no high demands for housing purposes, but we as an urban designer, should think about how can we find the best solution for a modern part which should stick together w tightly side to side the old town as well.

Vertical Connections

Horizontal Connections

Urban Fabric Grid _ Extensions

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Main Streets

The New Proposed Buildings

The New Proposed Green Belt Figure 124 :Lindau, Analysis_ Urban Fabric Logics

152 Furthermore, Analysis of the specific building block in order to understand the logic of blocks. While analyzing this block, founding that the block as an overall condition wasn’t built at the same time, the only buildings - where those built at first-are the buildings which defining the main streets, Thus, Following the sequences of the diagrams in order to understand the logic of what happens through the time, the second stage the building on the second row of housing, and so on…

Figure 127 :building in between with large courtyards in the middle

Figure 125 :Urban Analysis for an existing Housing Block

Figure 126 :Buildings on the edges to define the main streets

Figure 128 :Last Step, an overall view of a complete block of the building

Figure 129 :Current Situation

153 In my proposal, I followed the same ways of designing by accretion. First proposing the main access and streets extensions, then followed by the first row of building that defines the main streets. The overall conclusion after few yeas is totally unplanned it always depends on the demands in each era .By this concept, I am just setting the guidelines which based on the main logic of the old town. A new commercial and entertainment facilities for the new housing will be offered within a walking distance from home. The main square right in the middle is mainly a daily or weekly market that always provides a fresh and organic food shops and restaurants.

All the rooftops are providing a food production in order to save building energy and enrich the lives of building occupants. Indeed new grids of the photovoltaic system are producing renewable energy not only for electricity use but also for heat consumptions. On the other hand, the sustainable design prototypes of homes that have a zero carbon footprint on the plan that harvest its own electricity and water; contain and treat its own sewage; and heat and cool itself without fuel and produce a significant amount of food.

Figure 130 :The process of Lindau hosing Development _ Proposal

154 3.2.5 Sustainable Mobility Control Due to the islands’ current changes in order to enhance the different arrival ways, and due to the public voting the society decide to have the main train station on the main land instead of being in the island - a new system of train network are going to connect the island with the surrounding cities - Bregenz and Friedrichshafen - with a local electrical train. Nevertheless, a new connection with the main land with an electrical tram ways running into three main stops; Reutin Banhof - Lindau Hauptbanhof - Lindau Harbour. In addition to the heavy trains – Dbhanare going to connect from Munich to Zurich, without stopping in Lindau any more.

Figure 131 :Proposal _ Diagram , train directions and stops

155 Lindau Car sharing “Car sharing is a mode of transport where vehicles are owned by a separate firm or an organization, and shared amongst a number of people throughout the day”. Car sharing in the Island of Lindau is a possible way to achieve a sustainable car electrical based can access all streets in the island - with a full priorities for pedestrians- in a close network of vehicle locations called “Pods.” located on different parts in the island (see the map), car sharing is as an alternative solution to meet the mobility gaps between public transit, taxi, bike, car rental, and private vehicle travel.

The two major social benefits of car sharing are fewer vehicles on the road and lower emissions over the island. On average, each shared vehicle replaced 15 personally owned vehicles, and car sharing members drove 31% less than when they owned a personal vehicle These two factors translate into 482,170 fewer tons of CO2 emissions and less travel congestion in urban areas.

Figure 132 :Proposal _ Diagram ,Car sharing

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Figure 133 :Lindau _ Master Layout

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Figure 134 :Lindau _ Perspective

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Perspectives

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Perspectives

Figure 135 :Visualisation _ Intermediate social zone - Open market

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Figure 136 :Visualisation _ Intermediate social zone - Open market

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Figure 137 :Visualisation _ Modelling

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4.0 Conclusion Biocity Lindau _one planet living Addressing Challenges today means avoiding being disappointed tomorrow. There are number of ways in which “ one planet living” can be implemented without major structural transformations. Locating highly productive, environmental robust food production systems were one of these challenges. It aims to, enrich the lives of island dwellers, while offering a solution to some of the integral challenges facing our planet; reducing fossil fuel consumption; reducing the environmental impact of growing food; reducing the distance food travels before reaching urban consumers; and reducing the environmental impact of building. On the other hand, Today’s notion of green environment does not appear to be green enough, nor widely enough applied, to reverse these trend. A more aggressive solution could be within reach. Growing food crops on the water will reduce the environmental ecological footprint to one planet living, In my proposal I offered more than 2000 hectares of food production within a biking distance, Thus will defiantly reduce the human impact on the island.

Figure 138 :Vision_ Lindau Biocity

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Figure 139:Vision_ Lindau Biocity icons

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5.0

Bibliography

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172

6.0

Appendix

6.1. List of Figures Fig.001. Fig.002. Fig.003.

Fig.004. Fig.005.

Scheme of sustainable development: at the confluence of three constituent parts. Communities are a web of interactions among the environment, the economy and society. Maureen Hart. (2012). What is an indicator of sustainability? | Sustainable Measures. Retrieved on 6/24/2012, from http://www.sustainablemeasures.com/node/89 “Agropolis” Girardet, H. (2012). Creating Regenerative Cities - Urban Development - Heinrich Böll Foundation. Retrieved on 6/24/2012, from http://www.boell.de/economysocial/urbandevelopment/ urban-development-urban-future-regenerative-city-11735.html “Ecopolis”– Girardet, H. (2012). Creating Regenerative Cities - Urban Development - Heinrich Böll Foundation. Retrieved on 6/24/2012, from http://www.boell.de/economysocial/urbandevelopment/ urban-development-urban-future-regenerative-city-11735.html “circular metabolism” Girardet, H. (2012). Creating Regenerative Cities - Urban Development - Heinrich Böll Foundation. Retrieved on 6/24/2012, from http://www.boell.de/economysocial/urbandevelopment/ urban-development-urban-future-regenerative-city-11735.html

Fig.006.

Hydroponic food production system , LiveOAK Media. (2010). Hydroponic Greenhouse Will Create Food And Jobs in MN bright-farms-hydroponic-system – Crisp Green. Retrieved on 6/24/2012, from http://crispgreen.com/2012/06/hydroponic-greenhouse-will-create-food-and-jobs-in-mn/bright-farmshydroponic-system/

Fig.007.

Hydroponic food Production system, Gardening Articles. (© 2012). Who Invented the First Hydroponics System? Retrieved on 6/27/2012, from http://gogardenguides.com/guide/who-invented-the-hydroponics-system/

Fig.008.

Hydroponic irrigation system, American Hydroponics. (2012). Image: NFT.jpg -BuildingGreen. com. Retrieved on 6/24/2012, from http://www.buildinggreen.com/auth/image. cfm?imageName=images/1802/NFT.jpg&fileName=180201a.xml/ Eat your Green. Own illustration. VIG – the vertically integrated greenhouse .facade farm- Elevation and section Living in a terrarium. Own sketch, Illustration by Phil Testemale (Newman, 2008, p.213) The Load of Ecological Footprint - Own sketch, Illustration by Phil Testemale (Newman, 200 8, p.212) Every human activity uses bio logically productive land and/or fishing Grounds (Pollard, 2010, p.33) A Comparison between The developed countries and the poorer countries form an ecological point of view, (Map: courersy IPCC, 2009) , (Lehmann, 2012,p.86) Predicted increase in Energy consumption by 2030, (Lehmann, 2012,p.86) Own illustrations. Own illustrations. Calibrated transect illustration, Retrieved on 7/3/2012, from http://www.dpz.com/pdf/02-b-TRANSECT-KRIER.pdf

Fig.009. Fig,010. Fig.011. Fig.012. Fig.013. Fig.014. Fig.015. Fig.016. Fig.017. Fig.018.

173

Fig.019. Fig.020 Fig.021. Fig.022. Fig.023. Fig.024. Fig.025. Fig.026. Fig.027. Fig.028. Fig.029. Fig.030. Fig.031. Fig.032. Fig.033. Fig.034. Fig.035. Fig.036. Fig.037. Fig.038. Fig.039. Fig.040. Fig.041. Fig.042. Fig.043. Fig.044. Fig.045.

Fig.046.

Natural and rural urban transect, Retrieved on 7/3/2012, from http://transect.org/trans_images2/hires_single/rural-urban_hi/nat_and_rural_urb_hi.zip The Pienza transect, Retrieved on 7/3/2012, from http://www.dpz.com/pdf/05_Transect_Cornelius.pdf Natural and rural urban transect Retrieved on 7/3/2012, from http://transect.org/trans_images2/hires_single/rural-urban_hi/nat_and_rural_urb_hi.zip Successional Transect Zones, Retrieved on 7/3/2012, from http://transect.org/trans_images2/hires_single/rural-urban_hi/nat_and_rural_urb_hi.zip Own Illustration Own Illustration Own Illustration The transect of Lindau Island - Location of the transect- Own Illustration. Own Illustration Own Illustration, googleEarth.com Lindau During 1800. Source: Wikipedia.org Left, IBA Hamburg- Area and Projects, (Hamm, 2010, p.21) The IBA energy hill Sketch diagram (Hamm, 2010, p.98) Germany Map, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Germany_location_map.svg Lindau in winter, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lindauwinter.JPG Table of content of the report “ Klimaschutzkonzept Lindau 2020” established by Stadt Lindau, a sustainable vision for 2020. Final energy consumption by private households in Lindau, (energy source, 2007) Final energy consumption by sector in Lindau, Energy source, 2007 Energy potentials of the town of Lindau 2020, Energy source, 2007, p.39 Energy potentials of the town of Lindau 2020, Energy source, 2007, p.40 Possibilities of generating renwable heat/ pwer elctricity rates. Historical maps of Lindau – own illustrations. Diagrams Historical maps of Lindau – own illustrations. One Planet Living icon, http://icicp.blogspot.com/2010/04/healing-earth-with-service.html One Planet Living _ Lindau. Main proposal diagram Food Import Dependency. FAO.com Self-sufficiency in the main agricultural products, Eurostat. (2012). From farm to fork - food chain statistics - Statistics Explained. Retrieved from http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/ index.php/From_farm_to_fork_-_food_chain_statistics Structure of the food chain, selected indicators, Eurostat. (2012). From farm to fork - food chain statistics - Statistics Explained. Retrieved from http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/ index.php/From_farm_to_fork_-_food_chain_statistics

174

Fig.047. Fig.048. Fig.049. Fig.050. Fig.051. Fig.052. Fig.053. Fig.054. Fig.055. Fig.056. Fig.057. Fig.058. Fig.059. Fig.059. Fig.060. Fig.061. Fig.062. Fig.063. Fig.064. Fig.065. Fig.066. Fig.007. Fig.068. Fig.069. Fig.070. Fig.071. Fig.072. Fig.073. Fig.074. Fig.075. Fig.076. Fig.077. Fig.078. Fig.079. Fig.080.

One Acre farm per family, Retrieved from http://foodfreedom.wordpress.com/2011/07/20/start-a- 1-acre-self-sufficient-homestead/ Diagram, the process of food production, own illustrations Lindau Main Layout- showing the new proposed land- own illustrations Lindau land uses percentages - own illustrations Lindau food Production calculations - own illustrations Lindau food Production calculations a six-time land needed for food production sufficiency Lindau different transect section. Own illustration Solid Voids ratio, connectivity with the waterfront, own illustration Water front vs. public activities, own illustration SWAT Analysis, Own illustration SWAT Analysis, Own illustration Train station locators, own illustration Train tracks redevelopments, own illustration Strategy 1, own illustration Strategy 2, own illustration Own illustration Own illustration Visualisation presents public life of the corridors in between the farms, Retrieved on 7/17/2012 ,from httpwww.architekturwoche.orgimg_siteAgropolis_Picknick_und_Ernte.jpg Proposed network of Agricultural lands, own illustration Visualisation Sketch of the proposed glasshouse in Lindau, Own illustration Sketch Diagrams of inside activities- Glasshouse, Own illustration Collecting the food form the surrounding region, own illustration Sketch of the interior space - Glasshouse, Own illustration Lindau Master Plan - Strategy 1, own illustration Different Alternatives of the new electrical tram in the island, own illustration Floating Garden Structure, Own illustration Boats/Ships Docks, Own illustration Lindau Master Layout - Strategy 2, own illustration North- South Networks, Own illustration East- West Networks, Own illustration Combined Networks, Own illustration Agricultural integration in Lindau – proposal, own illustration Design Process - Mixed-use units, own illustration VIG process sketches- Agricultural integrating buildings utah.agclassroom.orgfile Detailed Sketch layout - Agricultural integrating buildings, own illustration

175

Fig.081. Fig.082. Fig.083. Fig.084. Fig.085. Fig.086. Fig.087. Fig.088. Fig.089. Fig.090. Fig.091. Fig.092. Fig.093. Fig.094. Fig.095. Fig.096. Fig.097. Fig.098. Fig.099. Fig.100. Fig.101. Fig.102. Fig.103. Fig.104. Fig.105. Fig.106. Fig.107. Fig.108. Fig.109. Fig.110. Fig.111. Fig.112. Fig.113. Fig.114.

Proposed _Zoning Agricultural integrating buildings, own illustration Proposed _Section. Agricultural integrating buildings, own illustration Sketch 1: Proposal_ Island First Impression, Own illustration Sketch 2: Proposal_ A new intervention for a community centre and multipurpose hall Sketch 2: Proposal_ A new intervention for a community centre and multipurpose hall. Master Layout - Strategy 2, own illustration Zoning diagram, own illustration Section through the bridge, own illustration Car-based network The Main Pedestrian Routes, Own illustration Proposal _ Master Layout, Own illustration Zoning Diagram, Own illustration Proposal _ Section, Own illustration Reutin Model, Own illustration Master Layout, Own illustration Figure 95: Eat Your GreenLehmann, S., & Crocker, R. (2012), Green zones - Visionary urban design master plan, own illustration Main food Production Strategy _Routes, own illustration Figure 98: Food Markets Retrieved from, http://www.zukunft-findetstadt.de/openscale/images/Agropolis.gif Proposed public green corridors Retrieved from, httpwww.architekturwoche.orgimg_siteAgropolis_ Picknick_und_Ernte.jpg on 7/7/2012 Regional - biking distance- Agricultural zones, own illustration Lindau layout, Retrieved from Googleearth.com Floating Farming platform, own illustration Floating Farming platform, own illustration Floating Farming platform’ structure systems, own illustration Floating Farming platform’ irrigation systems, own illustration Cedar Trunk, http://cdn.c.photoshelter.com/img-get/I00001trALQ6tkMo/s/750/750/WHITE- CEDARLOGS-6979.jpg Floating Farming platform’ fish farm, Own illustration Floating Farming platform’ Extensions, Own illustration Floating Farming platform’ Activities, Own illustration Floating farming platform’ Diagram Activities, Own illustration Floating farming platform’ Section, Own illustration Floating farming platform’ Master Layout, Own illustration Floating farming platform’ Modelling, Own illustration Diagrams, the new development in Lindau, Own illustration

176

Fig.115. Fig.116. Fig.117. Fig.118. Fig.119. Fig.120. Fig.121. Fig.122. Fig.123. Fig.124. Fig.125. Fig.126. Fig.127. Fig.128. Fig.129. Fig.130. Fig.131. Fig.132. Fig.133. Fig.134. Fig.135. Fig.136. Fig.137. Fig.138. Fig.139.

Section cutting through the glasshouse, own illustration Proposal _ Glass House_ Lindau, Functions diagrams, own illustration Proposal _ Glass House_ Lindau, Activities sketch, own illustration Proposal _ Glass House_ Lindau Land uses, Own illustration Proposal _ Three Dimensional Section A_A, Own illustration Proposal _ Three Dimensional Section B_B, Own illustration Proposal _ Three Dimensional Section, Own illustration Proposal _ Sketches, Own illustration Flat and Curved Roofs, Own illustration Lindau, Analysis_ Urban Fabric Logics, Own illustration Urban Analysis for an existing Housing Block, Own illustration Buildings on the edges to define the main streets, own illustration Building in between with large courtyards in the middle, own illustration Step, an overall view of a complete block of the building, own illustration Current Situation, Own illustration The process of Lindau hosing Development _ Proposal, Own illustration Proposal _ Diagram, train directions and stops, Own illustration Proposal _ Diagram, Car sharing, Own illustration Lindau _ Master Layout, Own illustration Lindau _ Perspective, Own illustration Visualisation _ Intermediate social zone - Open market, own illustration Visualisation _ Intermediate social zone - Open market, own illustration Visualisation _ Modelling, Own illustration Vision_ Lindau Biocity , Own illustration Vision_ Lindau Biocity icons, own illustration

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178

6.2

Maps 6.2.1

Transportation System

179

180

6.2

Maps 6.2.1

Transportation System

181

Regional and metropolitan analysis Fauna and flora

182

lake

6.2.2

Flora, fauna and landscapes valley 2000

Regional and metropolitan analysis Fauna and flora aerial

protected areas

mountains

2000

4000

8000

12000 aerial

aquatic

terrestrial

settlements protected areas

terrestrial

rrestrial

aerial

aquatic

terrestrial

terrestrialsettlements

slopes

XTRA - LARGE 1:100’000 egional context

8000

EXTRA - LARGE 1:100’000 regionalmountains context

valley

aquatic

4000

slopes

lake

MEDIUM 1:2’000 urban context

LARGE 1:10’000 metropolitan context 80aquatic

160

aquatic

160

240

MEDIUM 1:2’000 urban context

aerial

aquatic

aerial

terrestrial

lake valley slopes mountains lake

aerial

aquatic

settlements valley protected areas slopes mountains aerial

aquatic

settlements

terrestrial

protected areas

MEDIUM 1:2’000 rban context

160

MEDIUM 1:2’000 urban context protected areas

settlements

160

240

SMALL 1:500 street context

183

terrestrial

protected areas 200 240 LARGE 1:10’000 metropolitan context

800

1200 10

aerial

aquatic

400

SMALL 1:500 street context

terrestrial

domestic

Proposed waterfront side - Design Process

protected areas settlements 10

SMALL 1:500 street context

Institute for Architecture und Planning Summer Semester 2012 Master of Science in Architecture Concentration Sustainable Urban Design

40Lecturer: Prof. Peter60 Droege DI MAAS MCPIA Tutor: Anis Radzi BArch MUD Students: Hana Pleskačová & Johannes Peter Steidl

lake valley

184

slopes mountains

6.2.2 lake

Flora, fauna and landscapes aerial

aquatic

valley

settlements

terrestrial

slopes

protected areas

mountains aerial

aquatic

settlements

MEDIUM 1:2’000 rban context

160

terrestrial

240

SMALL 1:500 street context

protected areas

160

domestic

240

MEDIUM 1:2’000 urban context

aerial

terrestrial

aquatic

aerial

terrestrial

settlements

185 lake valley slopes

protected areas

mountains aerial

aquatic

settlements

MALL 1:500 eet context

terrestrial

protected areas

mestic

MEDIUM 1:2’000 urban context

aquatic

aerial

terrestrial

settlements Institute for Architecture und Planning Summer Semester 2012 Master of Science in Architecture Concentration Sustainable Urban Design

settlements

Lecturer: Prof. Peter Droege DI MAAS MCPIA Tutor: Anis Radzi BArch MUD Students: Hana Pleskačová & Johannes Peter Steidl

160

240

Tº min average: 1

25% SE

SW S

25%

ARBON

186

6.2.3

Climate N

25% NW

25%

E SE

25%

Tº max average: 19 W Tº min average: 1

Tº max average: 17 Tº min average: 0

BREGENZ

NE 10

20 15

Exercise 1: Regional and metropolitan anlysis Climate 10

SW S

25% - direction of wind 3 - wind speed (knots)

DORNBIRN

Tº max average: 19 2000 Tº min average: 1 4000

XTRA - LARGE 1:100.000 egional context

8000

SMALL 1:500 street context

WAGEN

5 E

Tº max average: 17.5 Tº min average: -0.5

Tº max average: 19 Tº min average: 1

FRIEDRICHSHAFEN W

20 15

25%

MEDIUM 1:2.000 urban context

25% NW

12000

SW S SE

SW S

2_SHORE: Climate at the shore is dependent from the lak place where the winds strongest. In summer th cooled down with a fres However in winter the w causes a more freezing

25% NW

3_OPEN SPACE: Trees stop the wind a l and in the summer thei shadow cool down the more.

15 10

OBERSTAUFEN

LINDAU

Tº max average: 17.5 Tº min average: -0.5

Tº max average: 19 Tº min average: 1 S

25% NW

trees

SE S

fountain

25% - direction of wind 3 - wind speed (knots)

insolation SW

MALL 1:500 treet context

25%

Tº max average: 19 W Tº min average: 1

Tº max average: 17 Tº min average: 0

NE 10

20 15

BREGENZ

20 15

25% NW

SW S

DORNBIRN

Tº max average: 19 Tº min average: 1

summer wind winter wind

4_CITY EDGE: The wind is stoped by t fortification wall. The w work as a thermal mas winter the shadows cau lower temperatures.

25% SE

ARBON

60 1_LAKE: Because of its size and up to 250 m, the Boden a giant thermal mass in region, which influence climate drastically. In s the highest temperature lower, cool wind is blow from the lake to the lan sometimes the Foeh (c from the Alps) creates waves on the lake.

5_CITY: Wind is largely blocked flow into the city. In sum the west wind ventilate main street. South-nort are narrow to prevent w winds and east-west st are wider to benefit from sun.

urban N context

region, which influences the waves on the lake. climate drastically. In summer 3_OPEN SPACE: the highest temperatures are 2_SHORE: Trees stop the wind a little bit 10 15 Because of its size and depth lower, cool wind is blowing Climate at the shore is greatly SE and in the summer their SW 5 up10to 250 m, the Bodensee is from the lake to the land and dependent from the lake. Is theshadow cool down the air even 5 W a giant thermal mass in the E S sometimes the Foeh (cold wind place where the winds are the more. 2 12000 7 which influences region, the W max average: from the Alps) creates Tº high E strongest. In17.5 summer the air is 17.5 climate drastically. In summer waves on the lake. cooled down with a fresh wind. 4_CITY EDGE: Tº min average: -0.5 Tº max average: 0.5 MEDIUM 1:2.00019 the highest temperatures are However in winter the wind The wind is stoped by the old N Tº min average: 1 lower, cool wind is blowing SE urban context 2_SHORE: 25%causes a more freezing feeling.fortification wall. The walls SW NE N from the lake toSEthe land and Climate at the shore is greatly 20 NW NE work as a thermal mass. In SW 25% S sometimes the Foeh (cold wind dependent from the lake. Is the 15 1_LAKE: 3_OPEN SPACE: winter the shadows cause N 20 NW NE fromS the Alps) Because of its size and depth 25%creates high place where the winds are the Trees stop the wind a little bit lower temperatures. 10 wavesNWon the20lake. up15 to 250 m, the Bodensee is NE strongest. In summer the air is and in the summer their 5 10 15 a giant thermal mass in the E cooled down with aWfresh wind. shadow cool down the air even5_CITY: 5 E 5 2_SHORE: 10 region, which influences the However in winter the wind more. Wind is largely blocked to W Tº maxcauses average: 17.5 Climate at the shore is greatly E 5 climate7 drastically. In summer a more freezing feeling. flow into the city. In summer N dependent from the lake. Is the the highest temperatures are 4_CITY EDGE: Tº min average: -0.5 the west wind ventilates the W max average: 19 Tº max average: 19 E 4 5% place where the winds are the 3_OPEN SPACE: lower, cool wind is blowing SE The wind is stoped by the old main street. South-north streets N SE 20 min average:NE1 min average: SW from theTº lake to the land and1 strongest. In summer the air is 25% Trees stop the wind a little bit fortification wall. The walls are narrow to prevent winter 15 wind. and SE (cold wind cooled down with a fresh NW sometimes the Foeh 20 in the summer NE their work as a thermal mass. In winds and east-west streets SW S 10 However in winter the wind SE shadow from the Alps) creates high 15 cool down the air even winter the shadows cause N are wider to benefit from the 5 N SW causes a more freezing feeling. more. wavesS on the 25% lake. 10 lower temperatures. sun. 25% 7 20 Tº max NW NE average: 17.5 E 5 20 S NW NE 15 SPACE: 2_SHORE: 4_CITY EDGE: 5_CITY: Tº min 3_OPEN average: -0.5 W 15 5 E 10 is greatly Trees stop the wind a little bit The wind is stoped by the old Wind is largely blocked to Climate at the shore 10 N 5 lake. Is the 25% and in the summer their dependent from the fortification wall. The walls flow into the city. In summer 5 EDIUM 1:2.000 cool down place the shadow 20 E NE the air even work as a thermal mass. In the west wind ventilates the W where the winds Tº maxSEaverage: 19 4 areNW W ban context 4 strongest. EIn summer the air is more. 15 winter the shadows cause main street. South-north streets N SE Tº min average: 1 cooled SW Tº max average: 17.5 S 25% down with a fresh wind. 10 lower temperatures. are narrow to prevent winter _LAKE:NW 20 NE However 4_CITY EDGE: in winter the wind 5 Tº min average: -0.5 winds and east-west streets S ecause of its size 15 and depth the old 5_CITY: causes a more freezing feeling.SE The 5wind is stoped by are wider to benefit from the N W E SW p to 250 m, the Bodensee is SE 10 SW 25% Wind is largely blocked to sun. Tº max average: 19fortification wall. The walls giant thermal mass 5 in the 20 NW NE work as a thermal mass. In 3_OPEN SPACE: flow into the city. In summer S Tº min average: 1 winter the shadows cause gion,NE which influences theS 15E Trees stop the wind a little bit the west wind ventilates the W 9mate 4 drastically. In summer lower temperatures. and10in the summer their main street. South-north streets SE e highest temperatures are 5 shadow cool down the airSW even are narrow to prevent winter wer, cool wind is blowing 5_CITY: more.5 winds and east-west streets W E S om the lakeE to the land and average: 17.5 10 are wider 20 to benefit from 40 60 Wind is largely blocked to the SE SW the Foeh (cold wind ometimes flow into the city. In summer 4_CITY EDGE: sun. average: -0.5 om the Alps) creates high the west wind ventilates the The wind is stoped by the old EN S aves on the lake. main street. South-north streets % fortification wall. SE The walls SE SW 0 are narrow to prevent winter NE work as a thermal mass. In Tº max average: 19 _SHORE: 15 winds and east-west streets winter the shadows cause S imate at Tº the min shoreaverage: is greatly 1 10 are wider to benefit from the lower temperatures. ependent from the lake. Is the 5 sun. ace where the winds are the 5_CITY: 5 rongest. In summerEthe air is Wind is largely blocked to ooled down with a fresh wind. 20 40 60 flow into the city. In summer 10 owever in winter the wind the west wind ventilates the 9 auses a more freezing feeling. main street. South-north streets SE are narrow to prevent winter _OPEN SPACE: winds and east-west streets S ees stop the wind a little bit are wider to benefit from the nd in the summer their sun. hadow cool down the air even 10 20 40 60 ore.

Tº NWmax20average: 17.5 NE 15 Tº min average: -0.5

25%

20 1_LAKE:

4 5

OBERSTAUFEN

LINDAU

160

187

NDAU

3 OBERSTAUFEN

BREGENZ

240

OBERSTAUFEN 3

BREGENZ 1 OBERSTAUFEN

160

240

DORNBIRN

RSTAUFEN

DORNBIRN

_CITY EDGE: he wind is stoped by the old rtification wall. The walls ork as a20 thermal mass. In 40 nter the shadows cause wer temperatures.

LINDAU CLIMATE

MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM AVERAGE TEMPERATURES (°C)

24 22

3 1816

14 12 10

_CITY: ind is largely blocked to ow into the city. In summer e west wind ventilates the ain street. South-north streets e narrow to60 prevent winter nds and east-west streets e wider to benefit from the un.

LINDAU CLIMATE

MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM AVERAGE TEMPERATURES (°C) 6 24 22

LINDAU CLIMATE

1LINDAU CLIMATE

-2

-4

-2

-4

MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM AVERAGE TEMPERATURES (°C) 14

-2

jan

MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM AVERAGE TEMPERATURES (°C) 12

MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM AVERAGE TEMPERATURES (°C) 8 24

16 4

LINDAU CLIMATE

feb

mar

apr

mar

apr

may

jun

jul

aug

sept

oct

feb

may

jun

jul

aug

137.2

5 143

mar

apr

103.2 86.8

nov

AVERAGE PRECIPITATION (mm)

7 103.2

47.5

6 4

dec

jul

aug

91.9 93.6

sept

dec

103.2

86.8

161.7

143

86.8 nov

133.4 52.4

47.5 jun may

137.2

143

52.4 133.4

AVERAGE HUMIDUTY (% 88

jan

feb

oct

nov

93.6 91.983 84 77 75 apr may jun 71.5

mar

7ju

dec

WIND

8 AVERAGE HUMIDUTY (%) N 71.5 7 20% 20% NW dec jan feb mar apr may jun jul NWaug 15 sept oct NE nov dec 88 6 6 87 88 88 86 15 10 10 161.752.4 84 83 AVAREGE NUMBER OF RAINY DAYS 81 47.5 5 5 80 77 75 78W 4 E W

AVERAGE PRECIPITATION (mm) feb

apr

AVERAGE PRECIPITATION (mm) 7 6 168.8 5 161.7 4 may jun 3 jul aug 143sept oct 2 137.2 jan

jan

mar

137.2

168.8

AVAREGE HOURS OF SUNSHINE

-4

AVAREGE HOURS OF SUNSHINE

jan

-2

AVERAGE PRECIPITATION (m

sept 168.8 oct

nov

133.4

16 2 16 2

Tº min average: 0 N

25% NW

10 5

25% 20

W NE

15 10 5

188

6.2.3 SW

trees S

fountain

SMALL 1:500 street context

Wind is largely blocked S flow into the city. In sum the west wind ventilate main street. South-nort are narrow to prevent w winds and east-west st are wider to benefit from sun.

SW S

5 NE

SW E

15 10 E

W S

25%

Climate 3

25% - direction of wind insolation 3 - wind speed (knots)

25% - direction of wind 3 - wind speed (knots)

N Tº max average: 19 W 25% Tº min NW average: 1 20

5 NE

15 SE

E 25%

25%

Tº max average: 17 Tº min average: 0

ARBON

BREGENZ

SW S

DORNBIRN

Tº max average: 19 Tº min average: 1

DORNBIRN

Tº max average: 19 Tº min average: 1

summer wind winter wind

MALL 1:500 treet context

LINDAU CLIMATE

insolation trees insolation

fountain

trees

summer wind

fountain

winter wind

summer wind winter wind

flow into the city. In summer the west wind ventilates the main street. South-north streets are narrow to prevent winter winds and east-west streets are wider to benefit from the sun.

LINDAU CLIMATE

189

MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM AVERAGE TEMPERATURES (°C)

AVERAGE PRECIPITATION (mm)

168.8

22 20

137.2

AVERAGE HUMIDUTY (%)

jul

aug

sept

oct

nov

dec

91.9 93.6

86.8

133.4

103.2

16 14

161.7

143

71.5

6 4

47.5

52.4

0 -2 -4 jan

feb

mar

apr

may

jun

jul

aug

sept

oct

nov

dec

AVAREGE HOURS OF SUNSHINE

2 jan

3 feb

mar

apr

feb

mar

apr

may

N NW

jun

jul

aug

sept

oct

nov

dec

jan

feb

mar

apr

15 13

may

sept

oct

nov

dec

jan

jun

jul

aug

sept

12 oct

20% 15 10 5

jul

feb

mar

apr

may

N NE

20% 15 10 5

jun

20% 15 10 5

sept

Institute for Architecture und Planning Summer Semester 2012 Master of Science in Architecture Concentration Sustainable Urban Design

20% 15 10 5

SW S

jun

20% 15 10 5

N NE

20% 15 10 5

N NW

Lecturer: Prof. Peter Droege DI MAAS MCPIA Tutor: Anis Radzi BArch MUD Students: Àngela Vilaplana & Matic Brdnik

nov

20% 15 10 5

oct

N NE

may

N NE

20% 15 10 5

apr

N NE

20% 15 10 5

mar

aug

20% 15 10 5

N NE

dec

7 SW

nov

N NE

feb

20% 15 10 5

aug

AVAREGE NUMBER OF RAINY DAYS

jul

N NE

20% 15 10 5

jan

jun

WIND 8

may

jan

dec

EXTRA - LARGE 1:100’000 regional context

Country: Germany State: Beyern Region: Schwaben

Konstanz

84.693

59.002

Lindau Neighbouring cities:

Friendrichshraten (Germany) Bregenz, Dornbirn and Lustenau (Austria) St. Gallen (Switzerland)

Historical facts about Lindau:

Lindau island first mentioned in 882 by monk from St. Gallen. In 1180 the St. Stephan’s church was founded Lindau. WWII-1955 under French administra84.693 tion. In 1955 returned to Bavaria.

190 6.2.4

Friedrichshrafen 13.490 Arbon

Lindau island area: 0.68 km²

Settlement networks

Konstanz

Friedrichshrafen

59.002

SWITZERLAND Exercise 1: Settlement networks Regional and metropolitan analysisGERMAN Exercise 1: Settlement networks Regional and metropolitan analysis Historical facts about Lindau:

Lindau island first mentioned in 882 Lindau Political hierarchy: Country: Germany by monk from St. Gallen. In 1180 the St. Stephan’s church was State: Beyern Region: Schwaben founded Lindau. WWII-1955 under French administration. Lindau Neighbouring cities: In 1955 returned to Bavaria. Friendrichshraten (Germany) Bregenz, Dornbirn and Lindau Political hierarchy: Lustenau (Austria) Country: Germany St. Gallen (Switzerland) State: Beyern Region: Schwaben Lindau island area: 0.68 km²

EXTRA - LARGE 1:100’000 regional context EXTRA - LARGE 1:100’000 regional context

Historical facts about Lindau:

Lindau Political hierarchy: Country: Germany State: Beyern Region: Schwaben

Lindau Neighbouring cities:

Friendrichshraten (Germany) Bregenz, Dornbirn and Lustenau (Austria) St. Gallen (Switzerland)

Lindau island first mentioned 84.693 in 882 by monk from St. Gallen. In 1180 the St. Stephan’s church was founded Lindau. WWII-1955 under French administration. In 1955 returned to Bavaria.

Lindau Political hierarchy:

Konstanz

4000

12000 72.959

St. Gallen

LARGE 1:10’000 metropolitan context 24.772

MEDIUM 1:2’000 urban context

Secondary roads

59.002

SWITZERLAND Friedrichshrafen 59.002

Region policentre

3000

Lindau - is

Roschach

Friedrichshrafen

GERMANY

St. Gallen 8883 72.959

Primary roads

GERMANY Roschach

Secondary roads

St. Gallen

Countries borders

72.959

21.229 Lustenau

MEDIUM 1:2’000 urban context

Friendrichshraten (Germany) Bregenz, Dornbirn and Lustenau (Austria) St. Gallen (Switzerland)

13.490 Arbon

24.772 Lindau

13.490

Lindau island area: 0.68 km²

Arbon

3000

24.772

Lindau - island

Lindau

MEDIUM 1:2’000 urban context

3000

SWITZERLAND

Lindau - island 27.942

8883

SWITZERLAND

Bregenz Roschach

27.942

8883 Roschach Historical St. Lindau Gallen (mixed use buildings) 72.959 Train station

Countries borders

Region policentre St. Gallen 72.959

Boat station

Car parking areas

Historical Lindau

Boat parking areas

46.011 Water routes

21.229

Dornbirn 40

Dornbirn

46.011

21.229 Lustenau

Railway tracks

MEDIUM 1:2’000 urban context

Railway

Lustenau

Later centuries (mixed use buildings) Health centre

AUSTRIA

Roads and route

AUSTRIA

Bregenz

Region policentre

Countries borders

8000

12000

8883

Primary roads Konstanz

Primary roads

MEDIUM 1:2’000

2000

Countries borders

8000

Arbon SWITZERLAND

Secondary roads

Arbon

4000

13.490

Countries borders

Lindau Neighbouring cities:

Primary roads

2000

Region policentre

Country: Germany State: Beyern Region: Schwaben

Lindau island area: 0.68 km²

Rosc

13.490

Region policentre

Friendrichshraten (Germany) Bregenz, Dornbirn and Lustenau (Austria) St. Gallen (Switzerland)

84.693

Historical facts about Lindau:

Secondary roads

Lindau Neighbouring cities:

Lindau island area: 0.68 km²

Lindau island first mentioned in 882 by monk from St. Gallen. In 1180 the St. Stephan’s church was founded Lindau. WWII-1955 under French administration. In 1955 returned to Bavaria.

8883

Primary roads

160

1 ha

160

240

SMALL 1:500

24.772

191

Lindau 3000 Lindau - island

ysis 27.942 12000

Bregenz

AUSTRIA LARGE 1:10’000 metropolitan context

LARGELustenau 1:10’000 metropolitan context

200

400

800

1200

Railway Water routes 200

46.011

21.229

Roads and routes

400

800

1200

Dornbirn

160

240

Photos of Lindau

SMALL 1:500 street context

The main pedestrian street in historical settlement core.

The Marktplatz square.

The islands coast landscape.

Railway tracks at Linda

The healt centre, residental house and educartion building at the West part of Lindau island.

The Lindau main land b

7.942

AUSTRIA

Roads and routes

Historical maps

Railway Water routes

Roads and routes 46.011 Railway

The Lindau island 1597.

Dornbirn Water routes

240

SMALL 1:500 street context 10

SMALL 1:500

Photos of Lindau

SWITZERLAND SWITZERLAND

Secondary roads

Region policentre

Bregenz Roschach

6.2.4

Settlement networks

Countries borders

Historical Lindau (mixed use buildings) St. Gallen Train station 72.959 Boat station

Railway tracks

Later centuries (mixed use buildings) Health centre

Car parking areas

Boat station

Railway tracks

Green areas

Later centuries (mixed use buildings) Health centre

Car parking areas

Railway tracks

Green areas

Historical Lindau (mixed use buildings)

MEDIUM 1:2’000 urban context MEDIUM 1:2’000 urban context

Train station

1 ha

Train station

Later centuries (mixed use buildings) Health centre

Boat station Later centuries (mixed use buildings) Health centre

Railway tracks

Boat parking areas

Car parking areas

Green areas

Boat parking areas Green areas

Car parking areas

160

240

160

240

SMALL 1:500 street context

Boat parking areas

1 ha

Boat station

Dornbirn 40

Green areas

Train station

Dornbirn

Boat parking areas

Historical Lindau (mixed use buildings)

Lustenau 46.011

21.229 Lustenau

Car parking areas

Historical Lindau (mixed use buildings)

Railway 46.011 Water routes

21.229

1 ha

Later centuries (mixed use buildings) Health centre

AUSTRIA

Roads and route

AUSTRIA

Bregenz

Train station Roschach St. Gallen Boat station 72.959

Countries borders

1 ha

27.942

Historical Lindau 8883 (mixed use buildings)

Region policentre

192 Secondary roads

27.942

8883

Primary roads

Lindau - island

Roads and routes

193

Railway Water routes

Photos of Lindau

LL 1:500 context

Historical maps

The main pedestrian street in historical settlement core.

The Marktplatz square.

The islands coast landscape.

Railway tracks at Lindau island.

The healt centre, residental house and educartion building at the West part of Lindau island.

The Lindau main land building settlement.

The Lindau island 1597.

The Lindau island in 17th century.

The old Lindau island fortifications. Institute for Architecture und Planning Summer Semester 2012 Master of Science in Architecture Concentration Sustainable Urban Design

Lecturer: Prof. Peter Droege DI MAAS MCPIA Tutor: Anis Radzi BArch MUD Students: Sintija Jonikane & Zolan Major

194

195

7.0

Affidavit

Bio City Lindau I Herbey declare that this dissertation is my own original work and has not been sumbitted before to an y institution for assessment purpose. Further, I have acknowledged all soruces used and have cited these in refrence section. Vaduz, July 27th, 2012

Mohamed Kamel

196

Author: Mohamed Kamel FS 100199 Al_Mokttam, Bl.5040, Cairo , Egypt +2 0100 122 66 16 mohamed.m.kamel@gmail.com Master Thesis for Obtaining the degree of Master of Science in Architecture University of Liechtenstein, Graduate School Course of Study: Master of Science in Architecture, Module,Urban Sustainable Architecture Printed and Binding in Austria. Copyright © 2012 All rights reserved.

197