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the

N O V E M B E R 8, 1963

VOL. 3—««. 4

Sworn

111

Affidavits

1 5 c — O U T S I D E I L L I N O I S 20c

Reveal:

UNTOLD TERROR ALARAMA! (See

BIRMINGHAM, Ala.— Gun-toting white g a n g s h e r e in this city w h e r e four innocent Negro S u n d a y School g i r l s w e r e m u r d e r e d by a d y n a m i t e blast continue to prowl virtually unchecked through Negro c o m m u n i t i e s — systematically beating, molesting a n d shooting u n a r m e d a n d unprotected N e gro r e s i d e n t s .

Muhammad

H o w foolish y o u a r e to be in love with y o u r open enem i e s to the extent that y o u a r e w i l l i n g to suffer death r a t h e r t h a n to be s e p a r a t e d f r o m t h e m . S u r e l y death y o u w i l l get if y o u continue t r y ing to m i x a n d s t a y w i t h t h e m . A f r i c a w a n t s nothing m o r e than to get the white m a n out of A f r i c a ; but y o u a r e j u s t the opposite.

E n c o u r a g e d b y the fact that not e v e n the m i g h t y United States government "Justice Department" h a d the p o w e r , or i n t e r e s t , to c a t c h a single one of the d y n a m i t e - k i l l e r s of t h e helpless Negro children, a c a m p a i g n a i m e d a t the d e struction of a l l m i l i t a n t elem e n t s of the b l a c k population h e r e i s u n d e r w a y b y " s e c r e t " Nazi-like organizations a n d i s e n t i r e l y u n r e ported b y the White P r e s s .

I t i s s a i d that the southern w h i t e s a r e building c o n c e n tration c a m p s for the socalled Negro demonstrators around J a c k s o n , Mississippi, w i t h six-foot t a l l hog w i r e fencing w h i c h w i l l hold 2,500 p r i s o n e r s . T h e y a r e being set up i n the south to hold black men, women and child r e n after the j a i l s a r e filled.

T h e p o l i c e m e n ' s c l u b s , guns, fire-hoses a n d dogs a r e not enough p u n i s h m e n t a n d disg r a c e for y o u to w a n t to be s e p a r a t e d f r o m s u c h people.'

T h e r e i s nothing m o r e but death!

W E A R E fools to t r y a n d mix with our enemies. We should be beaten a n d k i l l e d by t h e m w h e n w e t r y forcing our foolish s e l v e s on t h e m .

G o to y o u r own k i n d ! ( b l a c k p e o p l e ) . T h e l a w of n a t u r e that e x i s t s i n the a n i m a l w o r l d , the fowls a n d i n s e c t s (Continued

on page

9)

3)

Where Is Justice Dept.?

Separate And Unite!

By Elijah

Poge

B i r m i n g h a m , i n the w o r d s of N e g r o l e a d e r s h e r e , i s a " s l a v e camp, worse t h a n a n y t h i n g i n the W e s t e r n Hemisphere." " W h i t e people f e a r e d that N e g r o e s would r e t a l i a t e afte r the m u r d e r of the N e g r o c h i l d r e n , " the W h i t e S u p r e m a c y States Rights P a r ty d e c l a r e d h e r e i n its n e w s letter.

The

most recent photograph token

of t h e H o n o r a b l e

by Photographer

Herbert

Elijah

Muhommod,

Muhommod.

B u t w h e n the only d e m a n d s r a i s e d by M a r t i n L u ther K i n g a n d other N e g r o e s (Continued on page 9)

MUHAMMAD

W h a t

Islam

N O V E M B E R 8, 1963

SPEAKS

Done

Housewife Finds More Rewording Life in Islom B y M r s . G r a c e (., ' ) Peoples (Springfield, M a s s . ) I a m writing " W h a t I s l a m H a s D o n e F o r M e " out of the fullness of m y h e a r t b e c a u s e I a m thankful to A l l a h for the p r i v i l e g e of h a v i n g c o m e in c o n t a c t w i t h the H o n o r a b l e E l i j a h M u h a m m a d a n d the blessings w h i c h w e r e subsequently bestowed upon m e .

I w r i t e e s p e c i a l l y to u r g e b l a c k w o m e n i n A m e r i c a to m a k e contact with I s l a m , esp e c i a l l y a s taught by the Honorable Elijah Muhamm a d . Y o u r r e w a r d s for a c cepting I s l a m a r e both i m mediate and gratifying.

T h e first c h a n g e I s l a m brought to m e w a s w i t h m y own people. I b e c a m e f r i e n d l i e r to m y o w n k i n d , so m u c h so that I w a n t e d to greet eve r y b l a c k f a c e I c a m e I n contact with.

M y second reaction w a s within m y heme. A s a black w o m a n , doing the routine homemaking chores with m y husband and children, taking c a r e of m y f a m i l y , s e w i n g , cooking a n d h o u s e c l e a n i n g , e t c . , I found that I s l a m lifted a l l of these things out of the

M u h a m m a d ' s A d d i c t

f r o m

W o r d s

R e l e a s e

H o w long i s the r o a d f r o m a n a r c o t i c s a d d i c t a n d pedd l e r to a r e s p e c t a b l e a n d h a p p y f a m i l y m a n ? I don't know, but I a m a w a r e that I n e v e r could h a v e t r a v e l e d f r o m the d a r k n e s s of n e a r - d e g r a d a t i o n to the light of u n d e r s t a n d i n g — i n d e e d , could not h a v e e v e n s t a r t e d the j o u r n e y — b u t for the t e a c h i n g s of the H o n o r a b l e E l i j a h M u h a m m a d a n d the b l e s s i n g s of A l l a h .

I w a s born a n d r a i s e d i n t e a c h i n g s of the H o n o r a b l e Atlanta, Georgia, and like E l i j a h M u h a m m a d . H i s m a n y of the b l a c k c h i l d r e n w o r d s brought about a n a l of m y generation a n d i n m y m o s t i n s t a n t a n e o u s c h a n g e c o m m u n i t y , I h a d little gen- in m e . uine interest in school. B u t I I h a v e l a b o r e d to help attended c l a s s e s b e c a u s e it s p r e a d the w o r d of our B e w a s the only way I could loved L e a d e r " a n d T e a c h e r s k e e p m y p a r e n t s a n d the t r u - e v e r s i n c e I b e c a m e a M u s l i m . A n d m y d a i l y p r a y e r s to ant officers off m y b a c k . c o n t i n u e d I w a s drafted into the A l l a h s e e k s t r e n g t h to k e e p p u s h i n g this a r m y at the a g e of 19. M y p a r e n t s b r e a t h e d a s i g h of g r e a t p r o g r a m , b e c a u s e I relief, believing that en- know that j u s t a s the HonorMuhammad forced r u l e s a n d regulations a b l e E l i j a h would " m a k e a m a n " of m e . s a v e d m y life, he c a n s a v e B u t w h i l e i n the s e r v i c e , I the l i v e s of a l l b l a c k people w a s i n t r o d u c e d to a b r a n d who b e l i e v e h i s w o r d . new " k i c k " — m a r i j u a n a .

Legion's Hypocrisy C L E V E L A N D — W h i l e defeating — for the fifth t i m e — a resolution c a l l i n g for the end of r a c e d i s c r i m i n a t i o n in its own group, the A m e r i c a n L e g i o n ' s 40 a n d 8 f u n - m a k i n g unit h y p o c r i t i c a l l y p a s s e d another resolution u r g i n g the P r e s i d e n t to e l i m i n a t e b i a s in the a r m e d f o r c e s .

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T H E R I G H T O F self-defense, is proclaimed in New York by pickets who marched in front of the court buiiding. Their lives enriched through the teachings of the Mes-

senger of AHah, they were protesting police brutality directed against Negroes in New York and throughout the nation.

The Story of Lester X

Light of Islam During Dark Days of Imprisonment

E n s l a v e m e n t

By J a m e s 2 X ( A s told to Minister John Shobozz)

After l e a v i n g the a r m y a n d going b a c k h o m e , I bec a m e a dope p e d d l e r — a n d m y b u s i n e s s f l o u r i s h e d . After a few b r u s h e s w i t h the l a w , I left for C a l i f o r n i a .

A t this low ebb in m y life, A l l a h b l e s s e d m e to w a n d e r into the M o s q u e , w h e r e I w a s presented a really new outloQk_ ..on, | i | e _ f r o m the

W E

routine. T h e y s u d d e n l y took on m o r e m e a n i n g a n d they actually became easier. F u r ther, I found that I h a d t i m e to i n v e s t i g a t e the a r t s a n d s c i e n c e s a n d obtained e v e n greater satisfaction.

I t h a n k the M e s s e n g e r for m a k i n g m e a c i t i z e n of the g r e a t e s t nation on the p l a n et: the nation of I s l a m . Within that nation I h a v e r e c e i v e d freedom, justice and equality. B e f o r e that t i m e I h a d a restless, gnawing emptiness.

I would sometimes c r y with f r u s t r a t i o n a n d I could not find relief. I felt w a s t e d , e v e n though I p r e t e n d e d at l i v i n g , t r y i n g to h a v e a soc i a l a n d religious life, t r y i n g to m a k e r e a l i t y out of the falsehood of m y e x i s t e n c e .

B u t this c h a n g e d after I ent e r e d I s l a m . N o w I h a v e obt a i n e d dignity a n d p e a c e a n d a l s o g r e a t purpose a n d r e sponsibilities. I a m in a c c o r d w i t h n a t u r e a n d I contribute to the whole of life.

I only w i s h the m i l l i o n s of our people could s h a r e this w i t h m e , a n d if they follow the t e a c h i n g s of the Honora b l e E l i j a h M u h a m m a d they will.

For

{In the last issue of Muhammad Speaks, Lester X (A nthony) told of some of the obstacles surmounted by Muslims imprisoned at Milan, Alich. In this final installment he describes how a prisoner embraced Islam and tells of a test arranged by prison officials which fell flat in its attempt to brand the teachings of the Honorable Elijah Muhammad as false.f

w a i t until y o u bridge that gap. T h e n I ' l l s h a k e y o u r hand."

E V E N T H E P R I S O N offic i a l s t r i e d to test the M e s senger.

T h e y sent another p r i s o n e r — a Muslim from T u r k e y —to t r y to e s t a b l i s h M r .

M u h a m m a d ' s teachings a s f a l s e . T h i s brother came a n d h e a r d the t e a c h i n g s of the M e s s e n g e r of A l l a h . H e

By Lester X (Anthony) promptly declared: " Y o u ' r e (Chicago, Illinois) better M u s l i m s t h a n w e I h a v e d e s c r i b e d how d u r i n g our s t a y i n p r i s o n , a i l the a r e . " H e then a s k e d to bec o m e one of M e s s e n g e r M u M u s l i m s s t a y e d i n one d o r m i t o r y .

W h e n the other i n m a t e s d i s c o v e r e d how w e l l w e f a r e d h a m m a d ' s f o l l o w e r s . a s M i s s l i m s they b e g a n to d e c l a r e t h e m s e l v e s a s M u s l i m s T h e e n t i r e staff of the also. p r i s o n t r e a t e d the H o n o r a b l e E a c h e v e n i n g w h e n w e fin- h a d m e t w i t h the Apostle of E l i j a h M u h a m m a d w i t h the ished our duties, the M e s - A l m i g h t y respect. T h e y God Allah and • g r e a t e s t s e n g e r of ' A l l a h would sit u r g e d to p r a y to A l l so that s e e m e d - to hold h i m s o m e down a n d t e a c h u s . T o d a y , she m i g h t s a v e h e r s e l f . what in awe. those of us who w e r e w i t h T h e n there w a s another With t i m e off for good beh i m there h a v e only to loqk t i m e , w h e n the p r i s o n doc- h a v i o r , I w a s r e l e a s e d f r o m a r o u n d us to s e e that m a n y t o r — w h o a l s o o p e r a t e d the p r i s o n after 27 m o n t h s . of the things he told us about l i b r a r y — i n v i t e d the Honor- T h o u g h I w o u l d h a v e been I j a v e c o m e to p a s s . a b l e E l i j a h M u h a m m a d up h a p p y to s t a y w i t h the M e s I r e m e m b e r a n a m u s i n g to t a l k to h i m . Of c o u r s e , the s e n g e r he told m e to go incident w h i c h h a p p e n e d i n M e s s e n g e r of A l l a h took u s h o m e . I left, but I left m y heart with m y leader and connection w i t h one of the w i t h h i m . white prisoners.

We w i t n e s s e d this doctor t e a c h e r , i n p r i s o n . a d m i t that I s l a m w a s the A M E M B E R of the C a - t r u e religion a n d that he w a s S I N C E T H O S E months in pone gang, he a s k e d m e to hoping s o m e d a y to bridge p r i s o n the y e a r s h a v e only my p l e a d w i t h the M e s s e n g e r to the gap between I s l a m a n d s e r v e d to s t r e n g t h e n h a v e m e r c y on h i m on the C h r i s t i a n i t y . When w e w e r e faith in A l l a h a n d to tie m e d a y of r e t r i b u t i o n .

T h i s l e a v i n g , he offered h i s h a n d e v e r c l o s e r to H i s M e s s e n s a m e fellow p r i s o n e r wrote to M r . M u h a m m a d , who. po- ger, the M o s t H o n o r a b l e E l i > to h i s wife a n d told h e r he litely refji^p(i_,^ s a v i n g - " I ' l l j a h M u h a m m a d .

• IS lit iiJini'i ni .-• t

N O V E M B E R 8, 1963

MUHAMMAD

SPEAKS

H a s Done To

Me!

A Cop's Bullef in My Head On Sept. 15, 1963, the d a y of the bombing of S i x t e e n t h Street B a p t i s t C h u r c h , I went to see the c h u r c h w i t h a f r i e n d . B u t w e could not get to the c h u r c h b e c a u s e the state troopers blocked the w a y . I t w a s about 1:30 or 2:00 p . m .

I w a s going a c r o s s a p a r k ing lot n e a r 5th A v e n u e a n d 17th S t r e e t No. T h e r e w e r e about 25 or 30 people in the a r e a . T h e troopers began holl e r i n g to the people: " L e t ' s go. L e t ' s go. G i l gone nigg e r s . " T h e n they s t a r t e d shooting.

A BULLET

the temple above m.y right e y e . I told one of the T r o o p e r s that ih.-^y h a d shot m e .

H e looked nt the wound a n d s a i d it w a s not a n y t h i n g but a flesh Aaiund. T h e y s a i d they V70uld take m e to the hospital ii 1 did not h a v e a n y other w a y to go. B u t m y friend who w a s w i t h m e took m e to the South H i g h l a n d Hospital.

T h e do( tor took four X - r a y p i c t u r e s . H e told me the 'ouliet w a s in m y h e a d . One of the t r o o p r r s c a m e to the hospital a n d signed a p a p e r with the doctor c o n c e r n i n g m e . I s t r u c k m e in w a s r e l e a s e d from the hospi-

t a l . T h e doctor s a i d it w a s d a n g e r o u s to t r y to t a k e the bullet out. H e s a i d it w a s too close to a n e r v e to r e m o v e i t .

I W E N T B A C K to the doctor on T u e s d a y , Sept. 17, a n d 'the doctor a g a i n d i d not w a n t to r e m o v e it b e c a u s e it w a s too d a n g e r o u s . A t the t i m e of this w r i t i n g (Sept. 21, 1963) I suffer f r o m a constant slow headache.

At the s a m e t i m e I w a s shot, another m a n w a s shot also, but I don't know who he w a s .

Cop: We Should Be Dead An

Alabama

Cop

On the night of the s e c o n d d e r a bus p a r k e d n e a r the l i c e m a n c a m e out of the d a r k a n d p u l l e d h i m b a c k into the bombing of Attorney S h o r e s ' p l a c e whei-f I fell.

W H E N I T H O U G H T the d a r k . house, Sept. 4, 1963, I w e n t to R e v . S h u t t l e s w o r t h told m e p o l i c e m a n w a s gone, I c a m e see w h a t h a d h a p p e n e d . f r o m u n d e r the b u s , but he to go w i t h h i m but by then I I w a s on the c o r n e r of C e n - w a s still there a n d b e g a n w a s too w e a k to go. A m a n took h i s coat off a n d s p r e a c ter S t . , a n d 9th C o u r t No., beating m e a g a i n . I told h i m I w a s hurt a n d needed h e l p . it on the ground for a n d held when R e v . Shuttlesworth I h a d been shot t w i c e in the m e in h i s l a p until the a m b u c a m e a c r o s s the s t r e e t a n d b a c k of the h e a d . T h e p o l i c e - l a n c e c a m e . c a l l e d attention to a l l colored m a n c u r s e d a n d s a i d : " A l l I W A S T A K E N to the hospeople to get off the s t r e e t s . you b l a c k need to p i t a l w h e r e the bullets w e r e removed from m y head. I 1 s t a r t e d w a l k i n g e a s t w a r d be l e a d , w e a i n ' t got no use spent s e v e n d a y s in the hosfor y o u a n y h o w . " on 9th C o u r t .

W h e n I s a w he was (.'.ving p i t a l . I w a s fired f r o m m y N e x t thing I k n e w I w a s to h u r t Jne, I g r a b b e d h i m job after this e x p e r i e n c e , t falling. W h e n I s t a r t e d to get a n d threv. h i m .ig;i)ii. '; one w a s i r e . : e d at U n i v e r s i t y up, a p o l i c e m a n w a s s t a n d - of the p r o j e c t houses N e - Hospit d. ;n B i r m i n g h a m . ing o v e r m e . H e |)egan beat- gro w o m a n r a n Out auw t a r t jng mc in the. chfist vfith the e r beating J h t . ^ R f t ) j / a ' i t n butt of nis rifle, I rolled u n - with a l u f o n i . A s poon P a g e 22} (C

Fight Back With Boycott S O M E R V I L L E , Tenn. — A c o m p l e t e boycott of downtown b u s i n e s s e s i s f r e e d o m f i g h t e r s ' a n s w e r to the a r r e s t of 32 Negro students for " p a r a d i n g without a p e r m i t " a s they protested s e g regation of p u b l i c f a c i l i t i e s here.

T h e students, a l l m e m b e r s of the P a y e t t e C o u n t y C o u n c i l for C h r i s t i a n A c t i o n , w e r e to j o i n 11 others imprisonei^ for a n t i - s e g r e g a t i o n , d e m o n s t r a t i o n s two w e e k s ago.

T h e y w a l k e d into S o m e r ville c a r r y i n g signs reading " D o n ' t B u y F r o m Segregation," " F r e e d o m Now." MUHAMMAD SPEAKS Published Bi-Weekly V o l . 3—No. 4

Nov. 8, 1963

Pubri>h*d kr Muhammad's Masque N a . 2 434 East 7fth St.. Chicaqo I f , III. Alardeca 4-8622-23 SUISCRIPTIbN RATES: •

1 Y . k r ( » l i . u . i l i|5:i0 " ) Y>Qrt (51 l » u » | i l D . M

MUHAMMAD

SPEAKS

N O V E M B E R 8,

1963

The G r e a t

D e b a t e

The Question: Should Negroes Welcome Morol Support From Chinese Foes of 'Our White Folks?'

Towering over the issues raised by Kennsdy-Nixon or by Goldwater-Rockefeller—in their so-called debates which amounts to "who-is-best-qualified-to-leadwhite-America-toward-the-rear," is the discussion set in motion when China became the first major nation in world history to take official notice of the oppression of American Negroes and extend moral support to them- through its leader.

President Mao Tse-tung.

The issue took on added importance when the statement was rebuffed by Roy Wilkins, executive secretary of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and by James Farmer, director of CORE. One of those to disagree with Mr. Wilkins was the nationally known civic and medical leader, Dr. Dorothy Ferebee, of Washington, D.C., whose rebuttal of Wilkins on this issue is printed on this page.

Muhammad Speaks welcomes the similar questions.

opinions

of

other readers

OPEN

on this and

R O Y W I L K I N S , execuHve secretary a f the Notianal A s s a c i a tian far the Advancement a f C a l a r e d Peaple, rebuffed the President a f the Chinese Peaple's Republic with this statement: " W e a w a i t the appartunity t a send felicitatians t a Chinese citizens gathered in a huge demanstratian in yaur notian's capital t a pratest living canditians under yaur gavemment and welcamed there by yaur heads af s t a t e . "

LETTER T O WILKINS

By D R . D O R O T H Y F E R E B E E

A s a " l e a d e r " i n the m o v e m e n t of a people s t r u g g l i n g to get out f r o m u n d e r the y o k e of o p p r e s s i o n , how d a r e y o u r e j e c t a n e x p r e s s i o n of support a n d s o l i d a r i t y f r o m C h i n a ?

Y o u m u s t c e r t a i n l y r e a l i z e t h a t our p e o p l e ' s struggle for e q u a l i t y audi s o v e r e i g n t y i s t a k i n g p l a c e s i m u l t a n e o u s l y a n d i n c o n j u n c t i o n w i t h the s t r u g g l e s of other o p p r e s s e d peoples, the v a s t e s t n u m b e r of w h o m a r e p e o p l e of c o l o r — i n A n g o l a , i n South A f r i c a , i n South V i e t N a m , i n the c o u n t r i e s of South A m e r i c a , w h i c h c a n only be c a l l e d U . S . s a t e l l i t e s , to n a m e j u s t a portion.

Y o u must certainly unders t a n d the f a c t that these peoH O W C A N y o u honestly l e n c e a g a i n s t u s . Y o i m e x p l e ' s s t r u g g l e s a r e a g a i n s t b e l i e v e that o u r l i b e r a t i o n p r e s s i o n s of l o y a l t y i n no the s a m e i m p e r i a l i s t , w h i t e f r o m the d e g r a d a t i o n w h i c h w i s e r e s t r a i n it f r o m the supremacist elements a s w e h a v e e n d u r e d d u r i n g our stepped up o p p r e s s i o n of o u r o u r s . F o r who else but t h e m entire s a g a i n this c o u n t r y people — e x c e p t , of c o u r s e , a r e y o u defending d e m o c - is dependent upon o u r being those of us l i k e y o u r s e l f , r a c y , s i n c e it does not e x i s t " l o y a l N e g r o e s , " l o y a l to a who h a v e m a s t e r e d the a r t for a n y o n e but t h e m ? s y s t e m a n d to a g o v e r n m e n t of b e i n g " g o o d N e g r o e s . " Y e t y o u w o u l d h a v e o u r w h i c h h a s been the f a t h e r Y o u h a v e thus e x p r e s s e d people b e l i e v e that the v e r y a n d m o t h e r of o u r s u b j u g a - a p p r o v a l for the w e l l - k n o w n enemy against whom w e tion a n d d e p e n d e n c e ?

U.S. p o l i c y of c a r r o t a n d

DR. D O R O T H Y F E R E B E E is a medical specialist and weil-knawn c i v i c leader. The authar a f several baaks an wamen's diseases, she is medical directar af the United States Gavernmentllfpparted Howord University in Washingtan, D . C . , and farmer {. rdsidsnt c f the N a t i a n a l Cpvncil: af N«gra Women, j .

s t r i v e , w h i c h i s the U . S . club, whereby you and your O U R r e n u n c i a t i o n of vio- ilk go for the c a r r o t , w h i l e white ruling c i r c l e s , would give u s the b l u e p r i n t a n d l e n c e i n no w i s e r e s t r a i n s the ( C o n t i n u e d on p a g e 15) then g u a r a n t e e u s the v i c - state f r o m the use of viotory. I n y o u r role a s one of their l a c k e y s , you would h a v e u s a l l l e a r n to be 'good W h a t H e Said: Negroes' with legitimate protests, putting p r e s s u r e on " I a s k the w o r k e r s , p e a s a n t s , r e v o l u t i o n a r y i n t e l " M r . C h a r U e " t a do right l e c t u a l s , s e n s i t i v e bourgeoisie e l e m e n t s a n d other a n d s e e that w e get j u s t i c e . s e n s i t i v e p e r s o n s of a l l colors of a l l the w o r l d — b l a c k , D i d " M r . C h a r l i e " tell y o u r j| w h i t e , y e l l o w , b r o w n — t o unite a g a i n s t to r e j e c t e v e n the e x p r e s s i o n the r a c i a l d i s c r i m i n a t i o n of U . S . i m of s n p p o r t f r o m elements • p e r i a l i s m a n d to support the N e g r o hostile to h i m , or e l s e he * A m e r i c a n s i n t h e i r fight a g a i n s t r a c i a l w o n i d c n t off the f a v o r s a n d discrimination . . . the c r n m b s w h i c h w e h a v e " I a m profoundly c o n v i n c e d t h a t , been so dependent upon i n : counting on the support of 90 p e r c e n t the p a s t a n d w i l l continue to \ of the population of the w o r l d , the j u s t be i n the future without a \ fight of the N e g r o A m e r i c a n s w i l l be p r i n c i p l e d struggle for i n crowned with victory. dependence a n d a s t a k e i n " B o t h colonialist and imperialist Mao Tse-tung the c o u n t r y w h i c h h a s been systems, which flowered with s l a v e r y built l a r g e l y on the e x p l o i t a and the s l a v e t r a f f i c , also w i l l d i s a p p e a r w i t h the tion of our p e o p l e and e m a n c i p a t i o n pf the N e g r o p e o p l e . " others? i4(finii'fii i ? rHiic'

N O V E M B E R 8, 1963

MUHAMMAD

SPEAKS

Struggle Against A

C u t - T h r o a t In

S t e e l

W I L M I N G T O N , Del.—Afte r y e a r s of w o r k under cutthroat conditions, under a r rogant a n d r u t h l e s s white bosses, b l a c k w o r k e r s h e r e shut down a p r o s p e r o u s steel e n t e r p r i s e j u s t outside the city limits.

T h u s the life o r d e a t h of a huge s e g m e n t of the N e g r o c o m m u n i t y of W i l m i n g t o n — already s u f f e r i n g from c h r o n i c unemployment — h i n g e s on the o u t c o m e of a bitter s t r i k e u n d e r t a k e n b y L o c a l 6017 of the U n i t e d S t e e l W o r k e r s of A m e r i c a ( A F L C I O ) against a ruthlessly J i m C r o w steel plant owned

by I s a a c B u d d a v i t c h a n d Louis Deitrich.

Herbert

A l t h o u g h public a t t e n t i o n is f o c u s e d on t h e c i v i l rights b o t t l e f r o n t , t h e r e is a n o t h e r c r i t i c a l f r o n t of e v e n g r e a t e r dimensions involving thous a n d s o f block p e o p l e in A m e r i c a . This is t h e d e c e n t - w a g e s , b e t t e r - w o r k i n g - c o n d i t i o n s f r o n t in f a c t o r i e s , plants a n d industrial c o m b i n e s , inside a n d o u t s i d e of o r g a n i z e d l a b o r .

F o r c e d to s t r i k e a g a i n s t i n tolerable w o r k i n g conditions a n d the u n e q u a l w a g e s p a i d for the s a m e w o r k to N e g r o a n d white e m p l o y e e s h e r e at Budd Metal Company, memb e r s of this e m b a t t l e d l o c a l e m b a r k , d O c t o b e r 6, on a do-or-die s t r u g g l e to w i n bet- S T A R V A T I O N W A G E S and intalerable warklng candlHans ter wage standards. farced these Negra steel warkers t a strike the Budd Metal " T h e s e m e n a r e getting C a m p a n y plant autslde Wllmlngtan, Del. h u n g r y a n d if something i s n ' t done s o o n , " s a y s E d C e p h a s , l o c a l l e a d e r , " t h e r e could be bloodshed."

One N e g r o w o r k m a n w h o h a s been w i t h the c o m p a n y for m o r e t h a n nine y e a r s f i n a l l y r e a c h e d a w a g e of $1.80 p e r h o u r — o n l y to s e e a white youth being h i r e d for the s a m e work with a starting w a g e of $2.40 p e r h o u r .

I n addition to a n e q u a l w a g e s c a l e , the i n c l u s i o n of long o v e r d u e i n s u r a n c e benefits a r e d e m a n d e d b y t h e striking workers.

A V I C T O R Y for L o c a l 6017 h e r e would give a m u c h needed lift to W i l m i n g t o n ' s Negro communities.

Cleveland 10 Negro

to Have Aldermen

C L E V E L A N D — T h e r e will be 10 N e g r o e s i n the 33m e m b e r city council here this y e a r , giving C l e v e l a n d the l a r g e s t n u m b e r of N e groes elected to a n y c i t y c o u n c i l i n the U . S .

N. Rhodesia

Muhammad Speaks* concern for the welfare and .dignity of black men and women engaged in these often-ignored struggles will be reflected in a new Muhammad Speaks Negro labor series. Under the direction of Mr. Herbert Muhammad, son of the Honorable Elijah Muhammad, the series will seek to enlist greater support and understanding behind these struggles so crucial to Negro working men and women. " W e shot! s p o t l i g h t t h e s e o r e o s w h e r e the N e g r o is fighting for a b e t t e r shore of the hist o r i c p r o f i t s white e m p l o y e r s h o v e r e a p e d f r o m our b l o o d , s w e a t a n d t o i l , " M r . M u h o m m o d stated.

"We invite rank-and-file Negro workers, as well as the leaders of labor, to send to Muhammad Speaks the-reports of this struggle for job rights and better working conditions wherever they occur" he said.

As the Messenger Muslim

Program:

of

Allah

has stated in

The

(see back page)

"As long as we are allowed to establish a state or territory of our own, we demand not only equal justice under the laws of the United States, but equal employment opportunities—NOW. " W e d o not b e l i e v e t h a t a f t e r 4 0 0 y e a r s o f f r e e or n e a r l y - f r e e l a b o r , s w e a t a n d b l o o d w h i c h h a s h e l p e d A m e r i c a b e c o m e rich a n d p o w e r f u l , t h a t so m a n y t h o u s a n d s of block p e o p l e should h o v e to subsist on relief, c h a r i t y o r live in p o o r houses."

BARBER SHOP

A I R C O N D I T I O N E D - T E L E V I S I O N - FREE T O N I C PRICE LIST Men's Hair Cut (weekdays) $1.25 Scalp Treatment . . . $2.00 Boys' Hair Cut $1.00 Egg Shampoo $2.00 Mustache Trim 35 Plain Massage $1.50 Ladies' Hair 5hape-ups . . . .75 Lemon Massage $2.00 Ladies' Hair Styled $2.00 Mud Pock $1.75 FEATURING - Q.E.b. HAIR GROOMING :$1.00 WE GIVE SHABAZZ SAVING STAMPS 343-A THOMPKIN AVE. BROOKLYN 21. N.Y. PROPRIETOR - HERBERT 14X

Bishop

F O R T R O S E B E R Y , Northe r n R h o d e s i a — T h e first A f r i c a n i n N o r t h e r n R h o d e s i a to be e l e v a t e d to the bishopric in the C a t h o l i c c h u r c h i s Msg. Clement Kabukasans h a , 46.

AVONDALE AUTO SERVICE AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION SPECIALIST GUARANTEED WORKMANSHIP 31 54 HARVEY AVE. CINCINNATI 29, OHIO-PHONE 221-7677 . ^JAMES^R. NU:HOLS..PJtQRRi£IOik .

Muhammad

S T R I K I N G W O R K E R leaves The picket line t a tell a truck driver that he cannat deliver materlpis t a the Budd Metoi campany.

Life cmd d e a t h struggles like this one ore being imaged'by N e g r o workers across the c o u n t r y . '^^ " '

MEL'S D R Y CLEANING AND LAUNDRY Allerotions A Tailoring Service 12713 WOOOSIDE AVENUE CLEVELAND 8, OHIO for 'Pick i)p'& delivery SefvTce PHONE 3415875 f f PRO* IORRIsK*

Visit Tempie * 6 Restaurant 514 WILSON STREET BALTIMORE 17, MARYLAND There Is always something good >. caeking at irf restaurant.

f P?s»? f^fi' Pt° T-P:^-;

I

MUHAMMAD

6

SPEAKS

N O V E M B E R 8,

1963

West Loast /o/d: Will

Turn

OtherChee No

More

B E R K E L E Y , C a l i f . — N e g r o e s no longer " h a r b o r the f e a r of their s l a v e - p a r e n t s . O u r people h a v e lost a l l f e a r .

We h a v e c e a s e d t u r n i n g our non-violent other c h e e k , " M i n i s t e r M a l c o l m X , n a t i o n a l r e p r e s e n t a t i v e of the H o n o r a b l e E l i j a h M u h a m m a d , told 7,000 students a t a n outdoor m e e t ing h e r e on the c a m p u s of the U n i v e r s i t y of C a l i f o r n i a .

T h e sto> here w a s one of

s e v e r a l during a four-day s p e a k i n g tour a s M i n i s t e r M a l c o l m brought the w o r d of the M e s s e n g e r of A l l a h to northern Californians.

I n c l u d e d i n the i t i n e r a r y , i n addition to the c a m p u s meeting, w e r e : s e v e r a l radio and television appearances in O a k l a n d a n d S a n F r a n c i s co ; a c l o s e d s e s s i o n w i t h c i v ic and political Negro leade r s of the B a y a r e a ; a public r a l l y i n R i c h m o n d a n d a benefit banquet i n S a n F r a n cisco.

Minister Malcolm began h i s tour w i t h a p r e s s conference in San F r a n c i s c o . He re-defined the Messenger's p r o g r a m of " c o m p l e t e s e p a r a t i o n on s o m e t e r r i t o r y of our o w n " a s the only s o l u tion to the " s o - c a l l e d N e g r o problem" in the United States.

D u r i n g the two-hour i n t e r v i e w , he r e p e a t e d l y e m p h a s i z e d the H o n o r a b l e Elijah M u h a m m a d ' s concern over the " m i s g u i d e d t r u s t " by N e g r o e s i n the " w h i t e l i b e r a l " l e a d e r s of t h e i r c i v i l r i g h t s o: ^ a n i z a t i o n s .

T h e U n i v e r s i t y of C a l i f o r n i a m e e t i n g October 11 w a s s i g n i f i c a n t i n that M i n i s t e r

Malcolm was barred from this s a m e c a m p u s two y e a r s ago.

S p e a k i n g to the students, he quoted f r o m the M o s a i c Code i n the B i b l e — " a n eye for a n e y e a n d a tooth for a t o o t h " — a n d the H o l y K o r a n — " f i g h t w i t h those who fight w i t h y o u " — i n pointing out the " r i g h t of s e l f - d e f e n s e . " L a t e r t h a t afternoon, the M e s s e n g e r ' s representative m e t w i t h the l e a d e r s of the NAAGP, C O R E , American L a b o r Council, United San Francisco Freedom Movement, Negro Leadership Conf e r e n c e of N o r t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a a n d other c i v i c a n d c o m m u n i t y groups of the a r e a .

O n the following S u n d a y , the Messenger's program w a s h e a r d by 1,800 p e r s o n s a t the R i c h m o n d (Calif.)

Memorial Auditorium, and that night by 800 guests at a benefit banquet.

O N T H E S A M E D A Y Negroes were demonstrating in C h i c a g o against o biased superintendent of schoo.^, these Vietnamese, led

by Professor Le Thanh (directly behind young V i e t n am e s e l a d y ) , demonstrated against the C h i c a g o visit of Mme. Ngo Dinh Nhu. " W e are opposed to Madame Nhu be-

cause she represents a regime in Siogon that the whole people of Viet Nam are a g a i n s t , " Professor L e Thanh s a i d . Demonstrators represent f o r m e r officials of the Vietnamese government, students and c o l lege professors.

Jim Crow's Family b i r d s , but "has only t o k e n integration i n its nest.

R E D - WINGED EDUCAT O R s i n g s about d e m o c r a c y i n the c l a s s r o o m , but p a r c e l s out m o r e food to white b i r d s than black birds, and a l w a y s

Nigeria Honors Negro NSUKKA, Nigeria — D r .

William Leo Hansberry, An A m e r i c a n Negro, w a s inaug u r a t e d h e r e a s the d e a n a n d d i r e c t o r of the W i l l i a m L e o H a n s b e r r y College of W e s t A f r i c a n S t u d i e s a t the U n i v e r s i t y of N i g e r i a .

S t u d e n t s ' R o l e s in Kenya Independence N A I R O B I , K e n y a — With K e n y a s t a n d i n g on the t h r e s hold of i n d e p e n d e n c e — D e c .

12 — P r i m e M i n i s t e r J o m o K e n y a t t a h a s drafted 4,000 students s t u d y i n g i n the v a r ious o v e r s e a s countries throughout the w o r l d a s unofficial a m b a s s a d o r s to help m a k e the d a y a m e m o r a b l e occasion.

The student-ambassadors w i l l be a r m e d w i t h p a m phlets on Kenya, photog r a p h s , r e c o r d s or tape r e c o r d i n g s of the n a t i o n a l a n t h e m , copies of the n a t i o n a l flag a n d coat of a r m s to help p u b l i c i z e the. e v e n t .

Educator

WICHITA, K a n s a s — A dozen a r t i s t s t r i e d t h e i r h a n d a t s k e t c h i n g the odd flock of b i r d s i n the J i m C r o w f a m i l y d e s c r i b e d by R o n a l d W .

S t e w a r t , counselor for the C h i c a g o U r b a n L e a g u e , but we b e l i e v e Muhammad Speaks artist.

E u g e n e Rivers, c a m e up w i t h the best f a c s i m i l e s .

S t e w a r t s w o r e that U r b a n L e a g u e officials i n C h i c a g o s a w i n the t r e e s these n e w

" d e c o y birds, more despicable t h a n old J i m C r o w " : LILY-WHITE PREVARIC A T O R , a s h r i l l - throated w a r b l e r that a r g u e s that you can't legislate equalit y , " e s p e c i a l l y w h e n it c o m e s to n e s t i n g p r i v i l e g e s i n its neighborhood. I t s c r y sounds l i k e "too-fast, toofast!"

FORK - TONGUED EMP L O Y E R a l w a y s chrips about free eilt.ei'prise for a l l

is s h o c k e d to find m o r e b l a c k b i r d s t h a n white b i r d s k e e p dropping out of its n e s t .

B L A C K A N D - T A N G R O U S E i s the n e w U n c l e T o m of the b i r d k i n g d o m . I t i s a c o w a r d l y and n o i s y b i r d , a l w a y s w h i s t l i n g to white n e w s p a p e r editors that b l a c k b i r d s don't need a n y s p e c i a l h e l p if they w i l l s t r a i g h t e n up a n d fly r i g h t .

LONG-NECKED HESITAT O R i s the s a d d e s t b i r d i n

the J i m C r o w f a m i l y . W i t h plummage r a n g i n g from white to b l a c k , this fowl sits on f e n c e s or fence posts c r y ing " t o - w a i t , t o - w a i t ! " I t s long n e c k m a k e s it difficult to hold up its h e a d , a n d the mortality rate is high.

Whites

Flee

Rhodesia

S A L I S B U R Y — It was rev e a l e d that 1,132 w h i t e s left the F e d e r a t i o n of R h o d e s i a and N y a s a l a n d in August, a n d 10,000 a r e e x p e c t e d to l e a v e b y the end of 1963.

MUHAMMAD

N O V E M B E R 8, 1963

SPEAKS

White South Africa Poses: probhm i n South Rhodesia will be resolved a lot earlier than the race problem in the United States, ^The

T o

F r e e d o m

By C H A R L E S V HOWARD, S R . ( H N S ) U N a n d Foreign Correspondent

is no longer v a l i d . N A T O a r m s a r e being used to kill Africans who w a n t their U N I T E D N A T I O N S , N . V — N o A f r i c a n country i s safe freedom." while a single A f r i c a n i s force d to e x i s t under the c r u s h i n g power of white s u p r e m i s t gove r n m e n t s i n S o u t h e r n A f r i c a .

C A R L O S GANCALVrs, A m e r i c a n r e p r e s e n t a t i v e of T h u s , the future of every we a r e a w a r e that the r e - P r e s i d e n t R o b e r t o Holden of A f r i c a n h a n g s on a victor;-sponsibility to a t t a i n inde- the A n g o l a n G o v e r n m e n t i n for f r e e d o m i n the Southern pendence i s s q u a r e l y upon e x i l e : third of the continent—anei 'lur shoulders — if w e a r e " T h e most striking illusv i c t o r y w i l l not c o m e e a s y pushed to that method, w e tration l a t e l y of P o r t u g u e s e b r u t a l i t y w a s h e r e i n SepT h e N a z i - l i k e r a c i s t forcer a r e p r e p a r e d to u s e force. t e m b e r w h e n 20 w o m e n aiid of resistance have t a k e i . T h e attitude of the o r d i n a r y A f r i c a n i s if h e could l a y h i s c h i l d r e n a r r i v e d i n L e o p o l d their s t a n d . b a r e h a n d s on those who a r e ville i n s u c h b a d condition T h e i r defense line, with p e r p e t r a t i n g this, h e would that two of the c h i l d r e n died h e a d q u a r t e r s i n the " a p a r t - do it now, but it is a m a t t e r on the w a y to the h o s p i t a l , h e i d " c o u n t r y of South A f r i - )f w i s d o m . W e m u s t a c t with " T h e s e Angolan refugees c a , s t r e t c h e s c l e a r a c r o s s th'r r e a s o n a b l e hope of s u c c e s s w a l k e d about 33 m i l e s to the S o u t h e r n portion of A f r i c a , r a t h e r t h a n s a c r i f i c e l i v e s following the b o r d e r s of A n - for the m e r e s e n s a t i o n of i t . " Congo frontier, e s c o r t e d by m e m b e r s of the A r m y L i b gola, N o r t h e r n R h o d e s i a and eration A r m y . When they M o z a m b i q u e . T h e y Intend to O L I V E R T A M B O , Deputy block..the m o v e m e n t of A f r i - P r e s i d e n t of the A f r i c a n N a - w e r e w i t h i n sight of the borc a n independence s o u t h w a r d ' i o n a l C o n g r e s s of South Af- der, they w e r e a m b u s h e d by P o r t u g u e s e s o l d i e r s who i n — i f they c a n . rica: cold blood k i l l e d 60 w o m e n " O v e r 5,000 A f r i c a n N a tionalists a r e in j a i l suffering torture. I s that not proof that w e a r e fighting for our freedom?

"The repressive means used by the South A f r i c a n g o v e r n m e n t s h o w s that they . a r e c o n c e r n e d about the effects of the l i b e r a t i o n m o v e H e r e i s how four l e a d e r s of m e n t initiated by the A f r i c a n the f r e e d o m m o v e m e n t s e e people. T h e a r r e s t of the the p r o g r e s s a n d p r o b l e m s l e a d e r s there of late w a s for of the struggle i n S o u t h e r n that r e a s o n . _ Africa: " T h e y a r e charged with T . G E O R G E S I L U N D I K A , p r e p a r i n g for g u e r r i l l a w a r s e c r e t a r y for p u b l i c i t y of the f a r e . M i l i t a n t action m u s t be Z i m b a b u e A f r i c a n P e o p l e s p l a n n e d a n d it m u s t be a posU n i o n of S o u t h e r n R h o d e s i a : itive m o v e . T h e a l i b i that " A s y o u r e a l i z e , w e a r e N A T O is only a r m i n g South r u n n i n g this m o v e m e n t a n d A f r i c a a g a i n s t c o m m u n i s m

O N T H E other side a r e the " F r e e d o m F i g h t e r s , " growing e v e r stronger both inside a n d outside the r a c i s t strongholds of A n g o l a ; the soon to be d i s s o l v e d R h o d e s i a n F e d e r a t i o n ; M o z a m b i q u e ; South W e s t A f r i c a a n d South A f r i ca.

race

— L O R D

H O M E

What to Expect . .. From Home

By C h a r l e s P. H o w a r d , Sr.

and children.

U N I T E D N A T I O N S , N . Y . — W h a t k i n d of a m a n i s th " T h e r e s t m a n a g e d to e s new P r i m e M i n i s t e r of G r e a t B r i t a i n ? W h a t does h i s rist c a p e a n d h a d to w a i t until to power m e a n to the d r i v e to oust colonialist dominatioi the following night to c r o s s f r o m a l l of A f r i c a ? the Congolese b o r d e r .

A s a correspondent of M u - s w i t c h i n c o l o n i a l policy witL " T h e Angolan Revolutionh a m m a d S p e a k s , I h a v e h a d L o r d H o m e late In 1962 a n d a r y G o v e r n m e n t i n exile proP'^^^k ^,1 ^^^f" ^ tests s t r o n g l y a g a i n s t these the opportunity to m e e t a n d ^^^'"^ ^ , pointed out on both o c c a s i o n s b a r b a r o u s colonial actions ^ a n d c a l l s orr the c o n s c i e n c e talk w i t h L o r d H o m e m a n y ^j^^^ B r i t a i n ' s support of the of a l l m e n a n d nations to t i m e s . U n l e s s a m i r a c u l o u s white m i n o r i t y g o v e r n m e n t bring about p r e s s u r e on P o r - c h a n g e h a s c o m e o v e r the i n S o u t h e r n R h o d e s i a v/ould m a n , the liberation m o v e - prolong c o l o n i a l i s m i n that tugal to put a n e n d to these m e n t i n A f r i c a has been dealt a r e a . suppressions." a h e a v y blow.

L o r d H o m e , obviously .anDR. EDUARDO MONDL o r d H o m e c l e a r l y r e p r e - noyed, s a i d b i t i n g l y : " T h e L A N E , l e a d e r of the L i b e i a - sents those f i n a n c i a l giants A f r i c a n i n Southern R h o d e tion F r o n t i n M o z a m b i q u e : who control the m i n i n g oper- s i a w i l l be free a n d independ" T h e Portuguese h a v e ations f r o m U g a n d a down to ent a lot e a r l i e r than w i l l he t h r o w n a v i r t u a l c l o a k of .si- a n d through South A f r i c a . the N e g r o i n the U n i t e d lence a r o u n d Mozambique.

I d i s c u s s e d Britain's States."

The Chinese Story White Press Wouldn't Print P E K I N G — A huge I n t e r n a t i o n a l r a l l y of C h i n e s e a n d r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s f r o m 60 nations gathered h e r e r e c e n t l y to voice their support of the A m e r i c a n N e g r o e s ' struggle against racial discrimination.

L e G u a n g C h a n n , a South V^ietnamese, s a i d that the N a t i o n a l L i b e r a t i o n F r o n t of South V i e t N a m a n d the people there fully supported the Arrterican N e g r o brothers i n the j u s t struggle a g a i n s t U . S . imperialist racial discrimination.

Yoshitaro Hirano, Chairm a n of the J a p a n e s e N a t i o n al P e a c e Committee, in his speech, said, " T h e J a p a n e s e people r e g a r d e d the suffering of the A m e r i c a n N e g r o e s a s their own."

J . Kozonquizi, black Chairm a n of the South-West A f r i c a n N a t i o n a l U n i o n , s a i d that he spoke a s a r e p r e s e n t a t i v e Robert Williams of a people w h o h a d been the v i c t i m of the m o s t s e v e r e c r i m i n a t i o n a g a i n s t A m e r i c a n Negroes, he a s k e d : r a c i a l oppression. " W h y a r e they not free Con'deming U . S . r a c i a l d l s -

While the wJhte press maintains an almost total blackout of news eminating from mainland China [especially that referring to Negroes), Muhatmnad Speaks, in the interest of keeping the flagging sparks of Freedom of the Press alive, reprints this report from a Chinese news service, almost totally buried by tbe major press services. Robert Williams, referred to in the story, is a Negro refugee from a Dixie frameup a>id has since been living abroad.

is it that refuses to protect s u c h b a s i c rights of i t s c i t i zens, w h i l e boasting about defending d e m o c r a c y throughout the w o r l d ? " h e asked. " F r e e d o m i n the U . S . i s a farce. Y e s , a common street dog h a s m o r e rights i n the racist U S A than a black A m e r i c a n , " he s a i d .

" H o w e v e r , I take heart in the fact that our people, l i k e after 300 y e a r s of ' l i b e r t y ' a g a i n s t that i m p e r i a l i s m the other o p p r e s s e d people a n d i n d e p e n d e n c e i n the l a n d w h i c h t h r e a t e n s the w e l l be- of the w o r l d , a r e fighting b a c k . W e a r e bound to w i n of those who a r e c o n c e r n e d ing of a l l . " w i t h the ' f r e e d o m of people' R o b e r t W i l l i a m s told the b e c a u s e w e a r e a p a r t of the w o r l d struggle of a l l the opi n other p a r t s of the w o r l d — m e e t i n g : pressed peoples." people who a r e i n no w a y r e "While M r . Kennedy rel a t e d to t h e m i n c l a s s , color fused to protect the l i v e s of or e v e n c r e e d ? " black women and children in R e w i A l l e y , p e a c e p a r t i s a n A m e r i c a , a n d even w h i t e s Escape South Africa from New Zealand, c o n - who support t h e m i n their NEW DELHI, India—Abd e m n e d U . S . i m p e r i a l i s m for s t r u g g l e for h u m a n dignity, d u l l a h J a s s a t , a n I n d i a n , a n d persecuting minorities a t he proposes to send a p e a c e t h r e e w h i t e s e s c a p e d f r o m home. c o r p s to e d u c a t e a n d w h a t h e South A f r i c a b y a n o v e r l a n d H e d e c l a r e d , " F o r a l l the c a l l s ' c i v i l i z e ' colored peo- route to, D a r - e s - S a l a a m i n T a n g a n y i k a . T h e y h a d been o p p r e s s e d peoples, the t i m e p l e s a b r o a d . " W h a t k i n d of g o v e r n m e n t p o l i t i c a l p r i s o n e r s . h a s c o m e for s t r o n g e r a c t i o n

MUHAMMAD

8

MUSLIM PRAYER SERVICE

SPEAKS

N O V E M B E R 8,

1963

Trick-or-Treat" T i m e . . .

( F r o m T h e P r e f a c e of Holy Q u r - a n , B y : M u h a m m a d A l i ) T h e s a y i n g of p r a y e r is obligatory upon a l l , e v e r y M u s l i m ; m a l e or f e m a l e , who h a v e a t t a i n e d to the age of d e s c r i p t i o n . I t is s a i d five t i m e s a d a y a s follows: 1. S a l a t - u z - F a r d or e a r l y m o r n i n g p r a y e r i s s a i d after d a w n a n d before s u n r i s e .

2. S a l a t - u z - Z u h r or the e a r l y afternoon p r a y e r , i s s a i d w h e n the s u n Ts about to d e c l i n e , a n d its t i m e e x tends till the n e x t p r a y e r .

3. S a l a t - u l - a s r or the l a t e afternoon p r a y e r i s s a i d w h e n the s u n i s about m i d w a y on its c o u r s e to setting, a n d its t i m e extends to a little before it a c t u ally sets.

4. S a l a t - u I - M a s h r a b or the s u n s e t p r a y e r , i s s a i d i m m e d i a t e l y after the s u n s e t s .

5. S a l a t - u I - I s h a or the e a r l y night p r a y e r i s s a i d w h e n the r e d glow i n the w e s t d i s a p p e a r s , a n d its t i m e extends to m i d n i g h t . B u t it m u s t be s a i d before going to b e d .

N O T E 1—When a p e r s o n i s s i c k , or on a j o u r n e y (or i n c a s e of r a i n , w h e n the p r a y e r i s s a i d i n c o n g r e g a t i o n I n a M o s q u e ) the e a r l y afternoon a n d the late afternoon p r a y e r s m a y be s a i d i n c o n j u n c t i o n , the s u n n a t s m a y be d r o p p e d .

N O T E 2 — B e s i d e these five obligatory, t h e r e a r e two optional ones. T h e f i r s t of these i s the S a l a l - u l - H a i l , the T a l j j i d or the l a t e night p r a y e r , w h i c h i s s a i d after m i d n i g h t , after being r e f r e s h e d w i t h s l e e p , a n d before d a w n . T h i s p r a y e r i s s p e c i a l l y r e c o m m e n d e d i n the H o l y Q u r - a n . T h e other i s k n o w n a s the S a l a t - u d - d u h a a n d it m a y be s a i d at about b r e a k f a s t t i m e . T h i s i s the t i m e at w h i c h the two ' I d p r a y ers are said.

N O T E 3 — T h e s e r v i c e on F r i d a y t a k e s the p l a c e of the e a r l y afternoon p r a y e r . ( F r o m the p r e f a c e of the H o l y Qur-an, by M u h a m m a d A l i ) .

P r a y e r i s U n i v e r s a l : I t i s a s h o w i n g of ones s u b m i s s i o n a n d recognition to a S u p e r i o r . W h e n it c o m e s to a G o d , the a c t or s a y i n g of p r a y e r to a G o d other t h a n h i m s e l f i s to s-iow not only s u b m i s s i o n a n d r e c o g n i t i o n , confession, s u p p l i c a t i o n , t h a n k s g i v i n g , the s e e k i n g of h e l p , g u i d a n c e , a n d f o r g i v e n e s s of w r o n g s , the s e c r e t s of our h e a r t s a r e p o u r e d ' ut i n p r a y e r to h i s o r h e r G o d .

T h e Muslims must say their prayers. Whatever m e r c y n d b l e s s i n g s that w e r e c e i v e f r o m A l l a h . T h e only thing h a t H e a s k s y o u a n d I i n r e t u r n i s s i n c e r e t h a n k s a n d the toing of good to self a n d others, b e i n g ' g r a t e f u l to A l l a h ( G o d ) for H i s g u i d a n c e , m e r c y , protection, a n d b l e s s i n g s , w h i c h i s a v e r y little p a y i n r e t u r n for w h a t w e a r e given

by H i m .

By E L I J A H MUHAMMAD ( T h e M e s s e n g e r Of A l l a h )

the Messenger Justice — I preach Freedom, Justice, and E q u a l i t y for the S o - c a l l e d A m e r i c a n N e g r o , a thing he h a s n e v e r enjoyed. He has never had a c h a n c e to s i t d o w n e v e n a t h o m e a n d feel that he i s protected by the l a w s of A m e r ica.

s o r r y o v e r the j a i l i n g of J e s u s w h e n y o u a r e riot s o r r y o v e r the m u r d e r a n d l y n c h i n g of y o u r sons, y o u r f a t h e r s , a n d the l y n c h i n g of your women?

Letters To The

Editor

Cites Courage in Cuba Series I would l i k e to c o n g r a t u l a t e y o u on y o u r fine s e r i e s of a r t i c l e s about C u b a .

H a v i n g m y s e l f t a s t e d the h e a d y a i r of f r e e d o m a n d h u m a n i s m in r e v o l u t i o n a r y C u b a , I h a v e n e v e r been able to " r e a d j u s t " to the m o r b i d

r a c i s m inherent in all asp e c t s of A m e r i c a n life.

O n e of the m o s t d e p r e s s ing a s p e c t s of this w h i t e c u l ture is the r e f u s a l to a d m i t its own heinous c o r r u p t i o n .

So, p e r h a p s you w i l l u n d e r s t a n d that a s a w h i t e p e r s o n

who cannot feel at h o m e h e r e , I a p p r e c i a t e ' the honesty a n d c o u r a g e of y o u r p a p e r ; i t ' s l i k e a b r e a t h of fresh air in a stinking swamp.

Phyllis Sawyer West Springfield, M a s s .

Y o u need unity. Y o u need to unite together as one H o w c a n y o u tell m e then b r o t h e r . S t a n d fully p a c k e d that y o u a r e so s a d a n d so a s a w a l l a g a i n s t i n j u s t i c e .

By JOHN H E N D R I K C L A R K E ("AFRICAN POLITICAL PARTIES"

by T H O M A S H O D G K I N ) ( A N P ) — T h i s short a c c o u n t of A f r i c a n p o l i t i c a l p a r t i e s i s the f i r s t of its k i n d a n d should l e a d to m o r e e x t e n s i v e s t u d i e s . . . T h e book is p r i m a r i l y a d d r e s s e d to those A f r i c a n s whose i n t e r e s t i n p o l i t i c a l p a r t i e s i s p r a c t i c a l a s w e l l a s a c a d e m i c ; though it w i l l also a s s i s t a l l who a r e t r y i n g to u n d e r s t a n d A f r i c a f r o m outside or f r o m w i t h i n . ( " T H E A R A B R O L E I N A F R I C A , " by J A C Q U E S B O U L I N ) T h e a u t h o r of this book h a s g i v e n us a long e s s a y on a s u b j e c t that d e m a n d s v o l u m e s . . . T h e role of the A r a b i n A f r i c a i s , i n m o s t c a s e s , p a r a l l e l the role of I s l a m i n A f r i c a .

T h i s s m a l l book p l a i n l y i n d i c a t e s t h a t a m o r e e x t e n s i v e s t u d y of this s u b j e c t i s n e e d e d . " A F R I C A N P R O F I L E S , " by R O N A L D S E G A L M o s t of the b i o g r a p h i e s c o n t a i n e d i n " A f r i c a n P r o f i l e s " a r e b a s e d on a c c o u n t s w h i c h w e r e p u b l i s h e d o r i g i n a l l y i n a m u c h l a r g e r book, " P o l i t i c a l A f r i c a , " by R o n a l d S e g a l . " P o l i t i c a l A f r i c a " c o n t a i n s b i o g r a p h i e s of o v e r 400 p o l i t i c i a n s i n A f r i c a a n d g i v e s a n a c c o i m t of the d e v e l o p m e n t a n d p r e s e n t position of m o r e t h a n 100 p o l i t i c a l p a r t i e s . " A f r i c a n P r o f i l e ^ " is a n intelligent c o n d e n s a t i o n of this extensive work.

Portugal's Destiny in Atrica as Seen by Magazine "African Revolution"

N O V E M B E R 8, 1963

MUHAMMAD

SPEAKS

Separate from Our Open Enemies and Join Your Own ( C o n t i n u e d f r o m P a g e 1)

that w e need a p l a c e on this e a r t h that w e c a n c a l l our k i l l a n y m e m b e r other own w h e r e he c a n u s e h i s its o w n k i n d if that p o l i t i c a l s c i e n c e s to e l e v a t e m e m b e r t r i e s to m i x self a n d h i s people. them.

T h e w o r k s of o u r politiH o w m a n y t i m e s h a v e y o u c i a n s so f a r h a v e been that s e e n a n t s k i l l another a n t of of begging w h i t e A m e r i c a n s a different s p e c i e for t r y i n g for jobs, b r e a d a n d soup to c o m e i n a n d m i x w i t h w h e n there is no w o r k for t h e m ? W i l l y o u h a v e to be h i m a n d h i s people. T h e y k i l l e d by the w h i t e A m e r i - w a n t the m a s t e r to a c c e p t c a n s to stop y o n f r o m f o r c - t h e m a s h i s e q u a l , w h i l e the m a s t e r is the e d u c a t o r a n d ing y o u r s e l v e s on t h e m ? sole o w n e r of A m e r i c a a n d the A m e r i c a n G o v e r n m e n t .

H O W A R E W E to s u r v i v e , depending upon o u r s l a v e H o w c a n y o u m a k e the m a s t e r ' s c h i l d r e n for e m ployment?

What happens, slave and his master equals? then, if there a r e no j o b s T h e s l a v e m u s t f i r s t h a v e for the twenty m i l l i o n b l a c k w h a t the m a s t e r h a s to be people c a l l e d N e g r o e s ? T h e y the m a s t e r ' s e q u a l . W h a t go begging for b r e a d a n d future h a s the s o - c a l l e d N e s h e l t e r ! J u s t how long do groes i n i n t e g r a t i o n , or soy o u t h i n k the A m e r i c a n c i a l e q u a l i t y w i t h t h e i r m o s t w h i t e s w i l l p r o v i d e e m p l o y - d e a d l y e n e m i e s ? I t i s nonm e n t , food s h e l t e r a n d cloth- s e n s e ! i s to than alien with

ing for o u r unemployed?

W e m u s t be s e p a r a t e d a n d D o n ' t y o u know that t h e y put on s o m e of this e a r t h have unemployed a m o n g that w e c a n c a l l o u r o w n . themselves?

T h e e a r t h belongs to the T h e y h a v e thousands of b l a c k n a t i o n . I t w a s our f a people i n A f r i c a a n d in A s i a ther who c r e a t e d the h e a v e n s that m u s t r e t u r n to A m e r i c a . a n d the e a r t h .

And their w h i t e brother I H O P E Y O U will ask me A m e r i c a n s will serve them first a n d y o u l a s t w i t h jobs, to p r o v e the a b o v e s a i d . A l l a h ( G o d ) is now w i t h u s i n food, clothing a n d s h e l t e r . the P e r s o n of M a s t e r F a r d to W h o m D O Y O U think the w h i t e M u h a m m a d , A m e r i c a n s w i l l give y o u a n p r a i s e s a r e due f o r e v e r for e q u a l c h a n c e w i t h t h e i r H i s c o m i n g to our r e s c u e b r o t h e r s ? T h e y h a v e not who believe i n H i m . We a r e done so in the p a s t . D o e s no longer f o r s a k e n . H e h a s not c o m m o n s e n s e t e a c h y o u no e q u a l i n p o w e r n o r in that y o u r hopes a r e lost if w i s d o m . y o u depend on the w h i t e people for y o u r f u t u r e ?

H U R R Y AND JOIN ONTO Y O U R OWN K I N D ! T H E With a l l the e d u c a t i o n y o n T I M E O F T H I S W O R L D I S h a v e a t t a i n e d , y o n a r e not A T H A N D ! using it for the good of y o u r L i s t e n to M R . M U H A M people. I t s e e m s a s though the m o s t e d u c a t e d of o u r M A D S P E A K S E v e r y S u n people w o u l d r a t h e r be a d a y at 6:30 A . M . , W E B H - F M s e r v a n t , digging d i t c h e s for 93.9, a n d a t 9:30 P . M . 1570 w h i t e A m e r i c a n s t h a n going k e .

Write T o : for self a n d k i n d . Y o u h a v e MUHAMMAD'S MOSQUE enough e d u c a t i o n to c r e a t e No. 2 jobs for y o u r s e l v e s a n d 5335 South G r e e n w o o d A v e . people.

C h i c a g o 15, I l l i n o i s Elijah Muhammad, T H E S O - C A L L E D Negro M e s s e n g e r of A l l a h politician n e v e r mentions

F O R M E R S T U D E N T S come to call on Dr. Lonnie X Cross ( r i g h t ) , minister of Muhammad's Mosque No. 4, Washington, D . C . , who formerly w a s chairman of the Department of Mothematics a t Atlanta ( G a . ) University. Three of his former students ore (left to right) Earl T. Odom, J r . , mathema-

Economic Plight of Negro Underscored in New Study A T L A N T A — T h e need of N e g r o e s , p a r t i c u l a r l y of N e gro S o u t h e r n e r s , for m o r e a n d better jobs is understood by e c o n o m i s t V i v i a n W . H e n d e r s o n i n a short s t u d y , " T h e E c o n o m i c S t a t u s of the N e g r o : I n the N a t i o n a n d I n the S o u t h , " p u b l i s h e d by the Southern Regional Council.

D r . H e n d e r s o n is professor a n d c h a i r m a n of the d e p a r t m e n t of e c o n o m i c s a n d b u s i n e s s a d m i n i s t r a t i o n at F i s k university, Nashville, Tenn.

He is currently serving a s a v i s i t i n g p r o f e s s o r at N o r t h C a r o l i n a S t a t e college i n Raleigh.

DESPITE g a i n s made since World W a r I I , D r . Hend e r s o n finds " l i t t l e c a u s e for optimism regarding rapid c h a n g e i n the s t a t u s of N e groes i n the n e a r f u t u r e . " W h i l e the i n c o m e of N e g r o

Where is Justice Dept. as Alabama Race Terror Rages? ( C o n t i n u e d f r o m P a g e 1) w a s for the " h i r i n g of 25 N e gro p o l i c e m e n , " a w a v e of relief s w e p t through the a n ti-Negro i n s t i g a t o r s of t h e r e i g n of t e r r o r .

T h i s , c o u p l e d w i t h the total f a i l u r e of the p o w e r f u l F B I or e v e n the F e d e r a l m a r s h a l s to b r i n g m u r d e r c h a r g e s a g a i n s t a single one of the white l e a d e r s k n o w n to be behind the " k i l l - t h e n i g g e r " c a m p a i g n , h a s jeopa r d i z e d the l i v e s of youngN e g r o g i r l s h e r e in p a r t i c u lar. " W e ' l l give t h e m their b l a c k c o p s , " s a i d Merder Williams, w h i t e businessm a n here. " T h e n we'll have the b l a c k p o l i c e m e n helping US to k e e p t h e m i n l i n e . "

T h e Negro p o l i c e m e n which R e v . K i n g is demanding to a s a solution w i l l be " a i d e r the g u i d a n c e of White -Siipremancy commande r s , t h e i r s a l a r i e s p a i d by Wliite S u p r e m a c y C i t y offic i a l s . T h e y w i l l be utilized only to " k e e p order w i t h i n the b l a c k c o m m u n i t i e s . " M e a n w h i l e , the d a y in a n d c a y out b r u t i l i z a t i o n of u n armed, unprotected N e g r o e s continues h e r e , a s attested dy s w o r n affidavits of m o n jtrous police b r u t a l i t y s e cured by M u h a m m a d p e a k s , but a l s o a v a i l a b l e to • very news media.

T h i s p a p e r i s the only p a iier i n the U n i t e d S t a t e s -.vhich is p u b l i s h i n g e x c e r p t s f r o m these a f f i d a v i t s .

tic'on at the G e n e r a l Electrical Division of the Red Stone Arsenal, Huntsville, A l a . ; Leon Gooden, department of mathematics.

St. Augustine's College, Raleigh, N . C . , a n d John Douglass, J r . , chairman, Department of Mathematics, Lone CoHege, Jackson, Tenn.

FREEDOM, JUSTICE

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T h a t i s the A m e r i c a n docthat of w h i t e f a m i l i e s a n d only one-half the i n c o m e " of trine of b a n i s h m e n t or exile c h a l l e n g e d l a s t w e e k by the non-southern N e g r o e s .

T h e proportion of N e g r o A m e r i c a n C i v i l L i b e r t i e s U n f a m i l i e s w i t h i n c o m e s b e - ion in the w i d e l y p u b l i c i z e d t w e e n 1941 a n d 1951, a n d the c a s e of N e g r o journaIi.-3t W i l n u m b e r of N e g r o f a m i l i e s l i a m W o r t h y .

Worthy w a s tried a n d s e n w i t h i n c o m e s of m o r e t h a n $6,000 g r e w f r o m 4 p e r c e n t t e n c e d to three month-, i m to 2 p e r c e n t d u r i n g the s a m e p r i s o n m e n t in A p r i l 1962 afte r he r e t u r n e d to the U n i t e d period.

S t a t e s f r o m C u b a , w h e r e he B U T T H E Henderson had written a series of study s h o w s that these g a i n s s t o r i e s w h i c h a m o n g other o c c u r r e d between 1940 a n d things d e s c r i b e d how the C u 1954. S i n c e that t i m e , the i n ban revolutionary regime c o m e gap between N e g r o e s h a d e r a s e d the color b a r i n and whites h a s widened. that c o u n t r y .

Rate

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families and Individuals n a t i o n a l l y h a s grown o v e r five t i m e s s i n c e 1940, it is still N E W O R L E A N S — C a n the "little more than one-half" that of A m e r i c a n white f a m - F e d e r a l g o v e r n m e n t l e g a l l y try and convict a native-born ilies a n d individuals.

M o r e o v e r , D r . H e n d e r s o n A m e r i c a n citizen whose only points out, " i n the South N e - " c r i m e " w a s to r e e n t e r the gro f a m i l i e s h a v e a n i n c o m e country of h i s birth without of l e s s t h a n one-half ( 4 6 % ) a p a s s p o r t ?

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ACLU Seeks Reversal in Worthy Case

M A N Y O F A m e r i c a ' s leading c i t i z e n s h a v e s i n c e pointed out that i n their opinion W o r t h y w a s c o n v i c t e d for w h a t he wrote about C u b a a n d not for a n y i n f r i n c c m e n t of l a w . .

I n its friend of the c o u r t brief filed h e r e before the U . S . C o u r t of A p p e a l s , the A C L U a r g u e s that to m a k e r e - e n t r y of the U . S . a c r i m e for a c i t i z e n who h a s not c o m m i t t e d a n a c t l i a b l e to p r o s e c u t i o n is t a n t a m o u n t to b a n i s h m e n t or e x i l e , w h i c h is unconstitutional.

"Residence i n one's c o u n t r y i s the e s s e n c e of c i t i z e n s M p " the b r i e f s t a t e s , a n d no U . S . court h a s e v e r d e c l n i cd it a c r i m e for a citii^cn to try to e x e r c i s e h i s right to re-J. d e n c e h e r e by r e - e r . ' : ,

N E W Y O R K — Charging that i n s u r a n c e companies h e r e a r e " n o t o r i o u s for their p r a c t i c e of gouging N e g r o p o l i c y holders," Richard P a r r i s h , Socialist P a r t y c a n d i d a t e for c o u n c i l m a n - a t l a r g e in M a n h a t t a n , proposed that a l l i n s u r a n c e r a t e s i n N e w Y o r k C i t y be equalized.

P a r r i s h , a H a r l e m resident a n d the only N e g r o r u n n i n g for the M a n h a t l a n - a t - l a r g e post, s a i d that if the i n s u r a n c e c o m p a n i e s refuse to ope r a t e h e r e on the b a s i s of h i s proposed p o l i c y , then " t h e C i t y of N e w Y o r k should s e t up a non-profit, publiclyowned insurance corporation to offer a l l types of i n s u r a n c e A s a w r i t e r , iuj brief to the r e s i d e n t s of the c i t y points out. W o r t h y ' s l i v e l i on a n o n - d i s c r i m i n a t o r y b a - hood is l a r g e l y dependent on sis." h i s a b i l i t y to t r a v e l .

MUHAMMAD

10

N O V E M B E R 8,

SPEAKS

1963

In the interest of freedom of expression and free discussion, the Honorable Elijah Muhammad, Messenger of Allah, has opened the following page, "Opinions of Others," for comments and criticism from organizations or individuals on any phase of the Muslim program or on the plight of black America.

(All submissions must be signed and comments confined to not more than 300 is words.)

IN T H E O P I N I O N of these New York demonstrators, the heart and better jobs. Signs of the pickets state the case succinctly: of the Negro's fight for equality and justice in A m e r i c a is more " J o b s — N o Barrel of Promises" and " N o Jobs, No R e n t . "

O p p o n e n t of

Separation

U r g e s Political

By J o s e T o v a r (Washington, D . C . ) I n s o f a r a s the M u s l i m p r o g r a m of s e p a r a t i o n , no one i s " s e p a r a t i n g " a n d to be r e a l i s t i c no one i s going to. I f , so w h y don't y o u s e l l a i l y o u r p r o p e r t y a n d begin the e x o d u s ?

W h y should N e g r o A m e r i c a n s be s e p a r a t e d a n y m o r e m a n doesn't l i k e m e h e r e , w h y , t h a t ' s too b a d . L e t h i m than M e x i c a n Americans, go b a c k to E u r o p e . I ' m s t a y L a t i n A m e r i c a n s , A s i a t i c i n g . T h i s m a y not be m y govA m e r i c a n s , E n g l i s h A m e r i - e r n m e n t , but, i t ' s m y counc a n s , I t a l i a n A m e r i c a n s , t r y . A n d w i t h a little p o l i t i c a l G e r m a n A m e r i c a n s , J e w i s h h e l p , I ' l l c h a n g e the g o v e r n ment.

Americans?

I agree with a statement W e a r e a l l one nation a n d p r i n t e d i n y o u r " O t h e r P e o it i s the r e s p o n s i b i l i t y of a l l p l e s O p i n i o n s " by M r . to c h a n g e w h a t w e do not G e o r g e L a r r a b e e ( N e w Y o r k l i k e . B e s i d e s , I ' v e w o r k e d too C i t y ) proposing to m a k e voth a r d h e r e to r u n a w a y . So did ing r i g h t s of a l l A m e r i c a n s m y forefathers. I f the white voting i n F e d e r a l elections

Reforms

c l e a r , u n i v e r s a l a n d enforced.

I t is noted that, a c c o r d i n g to a report in the W a s h i n g ton P o s t of S u n d a y the 29th of S e p t e m b e r , an amendm e n t abolishing the poll tax requirement in F e d e r a l elections i s only i n two states short of s a t i s f a c t i o n .

T h e r e q u i r e m e n t s for voting i n F e d e r a l elections should be c l e a r l y delineated a n d should be i m i v e r s a l , if not a l r e a d y so.

B u t w h i l e the f o r m a t i o n of a n e w p o l i t i c a l p a r t y m a y be n e c e s s a r y , I don't b e l i e v e the all-Negro "Freedom Now P a r t y , " r e f e r r e d to by M r .

L a r r a b e e i n the letter pub-

lished in M u h a m m a d S p e a k s of S e p t e m b e r 27, 1963, is the answer.

T r u e , the p r e s e n t p o l i t i c a l parties have proven thems e l v e s i n c a p a b l e of s o l v i n g our r a c i a l p r o b l e m s . No v a l id r e a s o n c a n be s e e n for their continued e x i s t e n c e — " b y t h e i r fruits y o u s h a l l know t h e m . " B u t both white a n d b l a c k need a n e w p o l i t i c a l p a r t y , formed in accordance with the p r i n c i p l e s set forth i n the D e c l a r a t i o n of I n d e p e n d e n c e .

A l l A m e r i c a n s should vote out of p o w e r the p o l i t i c a l p a r t i e s w h i c h , k n o w i n g l y or not, h a v e brought our c o i m t r y to the v e r g e of r u i n .

White Writer Suggests an 'Interred Point 4 Progrom' k n o w s that there a r e good a n d b a d m e m b e r s -of a n y (New Y o r k ) r a c e or r e l i g i o n . Shouldn't I j u s t r e a d for the f i r s t t i m e a copy of " M u h a m m a d the great a l l i a n c e of the S p e a k s . " I ' m w h i t e , a n d I ' m a w r i t e r , a n d I think c o m - w o r l d be people of good w i l l , m u n i c a t i o n a m o n g s t people i s i m p o r t a n t . So I thought y o u r e g a r d l e s s of r a c e , a g a i n s t might w a n t to k n o w w h a t I t h i n k . people of i l l w i l l , r e g a r d l e s s of r a c e ?

F i r s t of a l l , the g e n e r a l by the m o s t p r e j u d i c e d white Still, in recent history, s t e a m of indignation a n d a n people. y o u r g e n e r a l i t i e s hold t r u e : ger which rises f r o m your I s n ' t the g r e a t i d e a l of the b l a c k m a n w a s m u c h p a p e r s e e m s to m e to be j u s m o s t religions a n d m o s t more sinned against than tified b y h i s t o r y , a n d I think c o u n t r i e s to t r e a t people a s s i n n i n g . i t ' s good to s e e a l l this i n d i v i d u a l s not a s m e m b e r s B u t i s the right a c t i o n a of s o m e group o r r a c e ? I t ' s s e p a r a t e N e g r o s t a t e ? M a y s t a t e d bluntly. obvious that this i d e a l h a s be if w e find it f o r e v e r i m B u t it c o n c e r n s m e g r e a t l y r a r e l y been a c h i e v e d , but possible for m o s t people of to s e e y o u m a k i n g w h a t should it be a b a n d o n e d a s a different color to d e a l w i t h s e e m s to m e to be m i s t a k e s , g o a l ? e a c h . Qth.er h o n o r a b l y , that S i m i l a r - t o , jthose comipitlied' A n y b o d y with- any- s e n s e .might be a n a n s w e r , hut I

By Sloan W i l s o n

c a n ' t see that s e p a r a t e states h a v e e v e r contributed much toward peace. If prejudice continues to e x i s t , t h e r e would be w a r a m o n g s t nations of different c o l o r s .

W h y c a n ' t w e w o r k for, i n s t e a d of s e p a r a t e s t a t e s , a kind of i n t e r n a l P o i n t F o u r p r o g r a m i n the U n i t e d S t a t e s to help the N e g r o e s get the e d u c a t i o n , the h e a l t h c a r e a n d the housing t h e y need i n o r d e r to c o m p e t e on a n e q u a l b a s i s for jobs w h i c h r e q u i r e a lot of t r a i n i n g ? W h y c a n ' t w e w o r k to c r a c k down h a r d e r on l a w s , unions a n d employers who display p r e j u d i c e ? Shouldn't the goal be to g r o w together, not to g r o w a p a r t ? A n d e v e n if, with some justification you d e s p a i r , give up a l l hope of l i v i n g w i t h the w h i t e m a n f a i r l y , w h a t is the c r e a t i o n of n a t i o n a l b o u n d a r i e s going to do to h e a l t h i n g s ?

Alabama Like Hazi Germany?

By The Rev. R o b e r t M. Kinloch E x e c u t i v e (Dhairman United B o a r d of R e g i s t r a t i o n s of A m e r i c a (New Y o r k G t y ) M y v i e w i s about the s i t u a tion in B i r m i n g h a m , A l a . , w h e r e the people h a v e no protection by the l a w . W h a t i s going on i n B i r m i n g h a m i s w h a t w a s going on i n G e r m a n y i n 1939 u n d e r the H i t l e r regime.

Citizens themselves have to g u a r d e a c h o t h e r ' s h o m e s w i t h b u r n i n g lights a r o i m d the house to keep f r o m being m u r d e r e d i n bed at night, a n d w h e r e the l a w itself t u r n s its b a c k a n d gives the people no protection.

S o m e t i m e s it m a k e s y o u wonder if this i s A m e r i c a , w h e r e y o u s e l d o m see the A m e r i c a n flag u n l e s s y o u a r e p a s s i n g the post office or one of the g o v e r n m e n t b u i l d i n g s .

T h e p o p u l a r flag is the r e b el flag w h i c h you see s t a m p e d on the state troope r s ' h e l m e t s or a c r o s s the front of the l i c e n s e p l a t e s on t h e i r c a r s , a n d on the s e g r e gationists who r i d e a r o u n d throughout the c i t y — b i g r e d flags w i t h blue s t r i p e s a c r o s s the m i d d l e s t i c k i n g out the windows.

I f these w e r e white A m e r i c a n c i t i z e n s being t r e a t e d this w a y a n y w h e r e on G o d ' s e a r t h , this g o v e r n m e n t of ours would h a v e g o v e r n m e n t troops, m i s s i l e s a n d e v e r y thing else to protect t h e m .

We a s k e d w h y c a n ' t w e get protection h e r e for our people?

We h a v e p l e a d e d w i t h the F e d e r a l g o v e r n m e n t for p r o tection of b l a c k A m e r i c a n s in Southern s t a t e s . H o w long do w e p l e a d a n d how m u c h c a n w e t a k e w h i l e our gove r n m e n t p l a y s politics w i t h the l i v e s of b l a c k A m e r i cans?

N O V E M B E R 8, 1963

MUHAMMAD

SPEAKS

11

i l l

IN A D A Y - L O N G P U B L I C S C H O O L B O Y C O T T for equcdity In educotion in C h i c a g o schools, children carry their signs as they are shepherded by adult demonstrotors in the heart of the city's downtown section.

I t w a s the g r e a t e s t single d e m o n s t r a t i o n for e q u a l i t y i n e d u c a t i o n s t a g e d hy school c h i l d r e n i n the h i s t o r y of the U n i t e d S t a t e s — a n d it w a s o r g a n i z e d on s h o r t notice.

O n the e v e of the c i t y w i d e r i g h t s fighters f a c e d with the protest — a c t u a l l y j u s t the s a m e p r o b l e m in other c i t i e s day before—Chicago's m a j o r as a new and formidable w h i t e n e w s p a p e r s a n d l e a d - w e a p o n i n the s t r u g g l e for e r s h a d " g e n e r o u s l y " e s t i - e q u a l rights i n e d u c a t i o n . m a t e d that p e r h a p s 30,000 S u m m i n g up the boycott's students w o u l d j o i n the boy- r e s u l t s in C h i c a g o , R o b e r t a cott of Chicago's p u b l i c G a l l e r , e x e c u t i v e d i r e c t o r of schools. the C h i c a g o a r e a F r i e n d s of B u t w h e n " F r e e d o m D a y " the Student Non-violent C o w a s o v e r , e v e n C h i c a g o ' s ordinating C o m m i t t e e , s a i d : " T h e students who hoycotwhite-supremacy dominated B o a r d of E d u c a t i o n h a d to ted l e a r n e d m o r e i n this one a d m i t that 225,000 of the d a y of a b s e n t e e i s m t h a n i n c i t y ' s 470,000 students h a d a l l t h e i r school d a y s put tob a c k e d the boycott b y s t a y - g e t h e r . ing out of s c h o o l .

T H E M A S S I V E boycott of Chicago schools, w h i c h s t r u c k a t the h e a r t of the c i t y ' s s y s t e m of s e p a r a t e schools for w h i t e a n d N e g r o c h i l d r e n a n d C h i c a g o ' s inferior teaching standards in predominantly Negro neighborhoods, w a s h a i l e d b y c i v i l

" T h e y l e a r n e d they n e e d n ' t feel t r a p p e d hy h a d t e a c h i n g , h y h a v i n g 17 hooks i n a c l a s s r o o m of 40, hy h a v i n g a new teacher every week.

T h e y ' v e l e a r n e d to he a n g r y a n d to d e m a n d m o r e of e d u cation."

Lawrence A. Landry, com(Continued on page 12)

B O Y C O T T I N G S T U D E N T S demand the ouster o f School Superintendent Benjamin

Wiiris. who Negroes charge is determined to perpetuate segregotlon in the public schoob.

12

MUHAMMAD

N O V E M B E R 8, 1963

SPEAKS

I n e q u o l In

E d u c a

(Continued from page 11) m i t t e e c h a i r m a n of the F r e e dom D a y Boycott Committee, d e c l a r e d : " I T ' S A S A C R I L E G E to a p p l y the l a b e l of ' e x p l o i t a tion' to a p a r e n t ' s d e c i s i o n to keep a c h i l d out of school for one d a y i n protest a g a i n s t the poor q u a l i t y of e d u c a t i o n g i v e n t h a t c h i l d i n m a n y of Chicago's schools. I f there is a n y exploitation it is being done b y those w h o refuse to c h a n g e the p a t t e r n of u n e q u a l e d u c a t i o n a l opportunity a n d i n a d e q u a t e e d u c a t i o n al standards.

S C H O O L C H I L D R E N , p o r t k i p a t i n g in Nw b o y c o t t ogoinst C h i c o g o public schools ond marching through downtowm C h i c o g o in protest of inequality in education, ore a s k e d to record comments by Muhommod Speoks reporter Russell Burns ( c e n t e r ) .

"White millionaires c a n but a n a d to support B e n j a m i n W i l l i s . We a r e poor a n d h a v e to go to the s t r e e t s to be h e a r d , " a s s e r t e d L a n d r y , a 28-year-old N e g r o sociologist w h o holds two d e g r e e s f r o m the U n i v e r s i t y of C h i cago.

L a n d r y w a s r e f e r r i n g to B e n j a m i n C. Willis, superintendent of C h i c a g o schools, whose "neighborhood school policy," Negroes charge, is d e s i g n e d to p e r p e t u a t e s e g r e g a t i o n i n the p u b l i c schools.

BOTH

T H E boycott

and

the m a s s i v e demonstration w h i c h followed it i n the h e a r t of C h i c a g o ' s d o w n t o w n a r e a , d e m a n d e d the o u s t e r of W i l l i s , the c o m p l e t e d e s e g r e g a tion of C h i c a g o s c h o o l s a n d c o m p l e t e i n t e g r a t i o n of a l l of the s c h o o l s ' t e a c h i n g staffs.

A t the height of the downtown m a r c h , the l i n e s of d e m o n s t r a t o r s — two to 16 abreast — extended around the C i t y H a l l - C o u n t y B u i l d ing block a n d the B o a r d of Education Building.

I n c l u d e d among t h e m a r c h e r s w e r e m e m b e r s of the Student A d v o c a t e s of N e gro H i s t o r y , c o m p r i s e d of students of C h i c a g o high schools who a r e demanding that the a c h i e v e m e n t s of peop l e of A f r i c a n d e s c e n t be i n c l u d e d i n the text books u s e d in social studies c l a s s e s i n Chicago public schools.

Demonstrators swarmed a r o u n d the s p e a k e r s p l a t form and heard R e v . Carl F u q u a , e x e c u t i v e d i r e c t o r of the C h i c a g o B r a n c h N A A C P declare: " T h e t i m e for v i c t o r y i s here in Chicago, as well as in B i r m i n g h a m . T h e time is now for ousting S u p e r i n t e n d -

M A R C H I N G T H R O U G H D O W N T O W N C H I C A G O in support of boycott of city's public schools, these adult civil rights demonstrators kicked off the massive rciify which f o l e w e d doy-fong boycott. Freedom Doy Committee C h a i r m a n L a w r e n c e Ldlidry is a t right center, carrying b o ^ s .

N O V E M B E R 8,

1963

MUHAMMAD

SPEAKS

nt B e n W i l l i s a s w e l l a s overnor Wallace in A l a a m a . D o n ' t forget, this i s le beginning of our fight.

Fillis m u s t go. B u t t h e r e i s lore to be d o n e ! " T H E D E V A S T A T I N G ef; c t i v e n e s s of the boycott as seen in figures released y s e v e r a l schools attended y students i n v o l v e d i n the l a s s i v e protest.

At some schools attendnce w a s off 90 p e r c e n t or lore.

O n l y t e a c n e r s w e r e to be )und i n m a n y c a s e s .

S o m e of the t e a c h e r s h a d 0 m o r e t h a n two or t h r e e indents.

A few i n s t r u c t o r s c o u l d be sen i n s m a l l groups along le quiet c o r r i d o r s .

I n m o s t of the s c h o o l s l e r e w a s little or no a c vity. " W e h a d only 136 students e r e out of a n e n r o l l m e n t of ,700," one e l e m e n t a r y s c h o o l e a c h e r told M u h a m m a d peaks.

A high school reported

F R E E D O M D A Y S I G N S are held high by high school students who b a c k e d the boycott by staying a w a y from school. Among them ore Student Advocotes of Negro History, who ore demonding that the Board of Education include achievements of people of A f r i c m descent in text books used in social studies c k K s e s in C h i c o g o .

(Continued on page 14)

N E G R O STUDENT, accompanied by his mother, w a s the only youngster in sight as he arrived at school on Freedom Day. Almost the entire student eivollment of the school supported the boycott a g a l n ^ inequality in education by staying a w a y from school. This scene was duplicated a t schools cmrms C h i c a g o .

MUHAMMAD

14

^Bury^ School

N O V E M B E R 8, 1963

SPEAKS

Boss

at Mass

massive downtown roily which public schools in C h i c a g o .

E A G E R H A N D S lift high the " c o f f i n " of Benjamin C . Willis, superintendent of schools, who is occused o f seeking to perpetuate segregated public schools in C h i c a g o . Willis' " b u r i a l " wos one o f the high points of the

Rally

followed the

Freedom

Day boycott of

who w a s the first m a n to die the B o a r d of E d u c a t i o n , i s for the f r e e d o m of A m e r i c a still on the j o b b e h i n d a 122,650 students absent out of at the outset of the R e v o l u - foot t a l l c o n c r e t e w a l l h e h a d a n e n r o l l m e n t of 2,700. A n d t i o n a r y W a r ; of H a r r i e t T u b - e r e c t e d to k e e p a w a y the s i t there were many other m a n , a n e s c a p e d s l a v e w h o down d e m o n s t r a t o r s . schools whose boycott p a r t i c - m a d e m a n y t r i p s b a c k south N E G R O L E A D E R S , speaka n d l e d m o r e than 300 s l a v e s ipants r a n equally high. to f r e e d o m ; of N e g r o i n v e n - ing a t t h e r a l l y , h a i l e d t h e T H O U S A N D S of Students tors, s c h o l a r s a n d m e d i c a l boycott a s a n a t i o n a l v i c t o r y who s t a y e d a w a y f r o m the m e n a n d w o m e n w h o helped for c i v i l r i g h t s a n d p r o m i s e d public schools spent the d a y build A m e r i c a a n d m a k e i t m o r e d e m o n s t r a t i o n s until W i l l i s i s r e m o v e d f r o m ofinstead in specially a r r a n g e d grow. fice. " F r e e d o m Schools."

T h e y sang freedom songs; Said L a n d r y : There, they l e a r n e d of discussed the meaning a n d Crispns Attncks, a Negro " I t i s not the n u m b e r w h o purpose of the boycott a n d s t a y e d out of school o r the they played games. n u m b e r w h o c a m e to t h e STOP IN, HAVE YOUR Meanwhile Superintendent r a l l y that i s i m p o r t a n t .

B R A K E S & FLUID B e n W i l l i s , who r e s i g n e d r e " T h e i s s u e i s that w e h a v e CHECKED c e n t l y f r o m h i s post i m d e r people c o m i n g out of C h i c a fire of c i v i l rights l e a d e r s but FREE who w a s begged b a c k b y go high schools w h o cannot w h i t e s u p r e m i s t l e a d e r s of r e a d o r w r i t e . " (Continued from page 13)

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been, a n d w i l l continue to h e , WASHINGTON (ANP) — the fat i n the pot that h a s not T h e struggle between R u s s i a the bulk of o u r people a r e melted. a n d C o m m u n i s t C h i n a h a s of u n d e r the h a m m e r . late t a k e n on the r a c i a l a n O u r s t r u g g l e , j u s t a s t h e W h e n y o u talk of support gle. A l r e a d y M a o h a s r a i s e d a n d p r e s s u r e for c i v i l rights struggle of a n y o p p r e s s e d the color question a n d there people, m u s t be c a r r i e d forl e g i s l a t i o n , y o u k n o w that i s b r e a k i n g out i n C o m m i m s u c h l e g i s l a t i o n w i l l go a s w a r d along lines other than ist C h i n a a violent h a t r e d for f a r a n d do a s m u c h a s s u c h those l a i d out b y the v e r y a n d r e s e n t m e n t a g a i n s t the l e g i s l a t i o n i n the p a s t — i t e n e m i e s of our l i b e r a t i o n a n d p r e j u d i c e d white m a n . Also w i l l s e c u r e for s o m e of o u r their i n s t r u m e n t s .

Y o u m a y c h a r a c t e r i z e m y in C o m m u n i s t C h i n a t h e y people g r e a t e r " g a i n s " r e p a r e c a l l i n g the white m a n r e s e n t i n g m u c h m o r e of the letter a s t r e a s o n a b l e or a n y names. hole, hut n o w h e r e n e a r a n y thing else y o u c a r e to, h u t p e r m i t m e to s a y that i t i s T h i s i s a s i g n that opposiof the doughnut. a n o b j e c t i v e , h a r d - h e a d e d ef- tion to the white m a n a n d O U R movement cannot, fort to s e t t h i n g s i n t h e i r h i s p r e j u d i c e i s t a k i n g on a S A M J O R D A N , veteran civil w i l l not, s u r r e n d e r itself to proper p e r s p e c t i v e , w h i c h definite t u r n . I f the c u r r e n t rights fighter, is the first Negro y o u r k i n d of " l e a d e r s h i p . " you i n d i c a t e a c r a s s a n d s t r u g g l e t u r n s into a r a c e to run for Mayor of Son FranI t needs a l l the s t r e n g t h a n d c o w a r d l y r e l u c t a n c e to d o . s t r u g g l e , t h e 600,000,000 cisco. Campaigning a s the insupport that c a n be m u s C h i n e s e c a n a n d w i l l do dependent " F r e e d o m N o w " tered, internally a n d from s o m e t h i n g about it that the candidate, Jordan is calling for without.

Negroes Won't G o f o N e g r o cannot do. on end to Negro dependence W e owe the s y s t e m , t h e on what he terms the two, old H e r e i n A m e r i c a , it i s the Danville's Fair government under w h i c h w e powerful p r e j u d i c e d white " d o - n o t h i n g " parties. H e has have struggled these 100 i D A N V I L L E , V a . — A boy- m a n a g a i n s t defenseless N e - played a leading role in the y e a r s for s o m e s e m b l a n c e I cott of the a n n u a l D a n v i l l e groes, but w h e n C o m m u n i s t struggle ogainsf police brutalof e q u a l i t y w i t h the r e s t of F a i r w a s c a l l e d b y the S t u - C h i n a w a k e s up a n d r a i s e s ity and school segregation a n d the g e n e r a l p o p u l a c e , noth- dent Non-Violent C o o r d i n a t - its potently - powerful a r m , has long been on advocate of i n g — e x c e p t a n u n r e m i t t i n g ing C o m m i t t e e h e r e to pro- there w i l l be another s t o r y to integrated public housing. fight to lift the m a n t l e of op- test t h e f a i r ' s s e g r e g a t e d tell — that i s , if m a n k i n d i s p r e s s i o n w h i c h w e h a v e w o r n r e s t r o o m s , s e g r e g a t e d s i d e - not a n n i h i l a t e d f r o m the face of this rift behind the i r o n a s a people i n this l a n d 1 s h o w s a n d " p a s t d i s c o u r t e o u s of t h e e a r t h i n a n u c l e a r c u r t a i n m a y r e s i d e the hopes w h e r e w e a r e n o w , h a v e ! t r e a t m e n t " of N e g r o e s . w a r that w i l l b e b a s i c a l l y a for p e a c e , for i t i s h a r d l y race war. possible that whites w i l l d e s troy t h e m s e l v e s a n d l e a v e R u s s i a i s white a n d h a s C L O T H I N G M A D E in O u rO w n F a c t o r y the white s u p r e m a c y c o m - w h a t i s left of the w o r l d to C.O.D.—Cash or Budget plex a n d C o m m u n i s t C h i n a the d a r k e r peoples.

• TO YOUR ME.ASURE 9 YOUR C H O I C E O F FABRICS i s c o l o r e d , with the r e s e n t T h e white W e s t a n d white m e n t c o m p l e x , a n d this i s a t R u s s i a , i n the l a s t a n a l y s i s , p r e s e n t a n u n d e r l y i n g f a c t w i l l s t a n d together in a c r i s i s ; contributing to the c u r r e n t a g a i n s t the c o l o r e d w o r l d of I strained relations between C o m m u n i s m . I t m a y he the I C o m m u n i s t R u s s i a a n d C o m - white m a n ' s r a c e p r e j u d i c e j munist China. that w i l l destroy the w o r l d .

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-----

Though housewives and mothers a r e vitally interested in protecting the h e a l t h of their loved ones, they s h o u l d g u a r d a g a i n s t i n d i s c r i m i n a t e buying of v i t a m i n food supplement a s cure-alls.

C h a r g i n g f a l s e promotions a n d m i s b r a n d i n g , the U n i t e d States Food and D r u g Administration ( F D A ) seized a n d brought a c t i o n a g a i n s t a w i d e v a r i e t y of s u c h food supplements. Included w e r e : P E P - O - V I T E : N a m e a n d l a b e l i n g i m p l y that it is effective for t h e t r e a t m e n t of ptis f o r m a t i o n , infections, s i n u s i t i s , h y p e r t e n s i o n , t u b e r c u l o s i s , lesions i n the colon, c y s y s a n d for other p u r p o s e s .

S U P E R I N S T A ' P R O T E I N : L a b e l i n g c l a i m s t h a t It is effective for building m u s c l e s ; a n d for t r e a t m e n t of u n h e a l t h y g u m s , d e c a y e d teeth, losing teeth, u n h e a l t h y blood v e s s e l s a n d other p u r p o s e s .

S U P E R - A C T O - C : L a b e l i n g c l a i m s that it i s effective in p r o m o t i n g f i r m n e s s a n d v i t a l i t y of t i s s u e s , d i s e a s e r e s i s t a n c e , a n d a state of w e l l - b e i n g ; a n d t h a t the n u t r i tive r e q u i r e m e n t s of the e l d e r l y a r e different f r o m those of adults g e n e r a l l y .

Premier S i r i m a v o B a n d a r a n a i k e of

c a and commending black A f r i c a ' s s u r g e t o w a r d freed o m w h i l e on a State v i s i t to Cairo.

Ceylon

C. D i X O N .IS)

Bandaranaike, Nasser Rip South Atrica

MASTER TAILOR

O n t e r m i n a t i o n of h e r v i s i t U N I T E D N A T I O N S , N . Y . — T h e strongly-worded com- joined with President Nas- there she visited Czechoslam u n i q u e c o n d e m n e d the N a z i - l i k e r a c i s t p o l i c i e s of South s e r i n c e n s u r i n g South A f r i - v i a , P o l a n d a n d R u s s i a .

A f r i c a , w h e r e white s u p r e m i s t s continue their b r u t a l s u b j e c t i o n of non-whites to a s l a v e - l i k e e x i s t e n c e .

A u t h o r s of the com.munique, w h i c h o r i g i n a t e d i n U n i t e d A r a b R e p u b l i c . T h e C a i r o , E g y p t , a n d w h i c h other w a s P r e m n e r S i r i m a v o j h a i l e d the r e c e n t A f r i c a n B a n d a r a n a i k e of C e y l o n — j S u m m i t C o n f e r e n c e in A d d i s the w o r l d ' s only w o m a n A b a b a a s a m a j o r .step to- P r i m e M i n i s t e r . w a r d the end of white r u l e P r e m i e r Bandaranaike in b l a c k A f r i c a , w e r e two WATCH REPAIR c h i e f s of n o n - w h i t e c o u n RING SIZING tries.

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N O V E M B E R 8, 1963

SPEAKS

17

H o u s e w i f e ' s

Women In Islam

' B l u e - R i b b o n '

SISTER DORIS X HOWARD bastes her prize-winning pot roost, thd recipe for which she divulges to the readers of Muhommod Speaks.

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By T Y N N E T T A D E A N A R s p r e a d of I s l a m h a s peneWhat i s Involved in the t r a t e d this p a r t of the W e s t M e n u , R e c i p e t r a i n i n g p r o g r a m of a d ern Hemisphere. v a n c e m e n t for the . w o m e n These classes which were S i s t e r D o r i s X H o w a r d i s who a c c e p t I s l a m today u n - D i v i n e l y orientated b y the the u n c h a l l e n g e d queen of der t h e l e a d e r s h i p of t h eS a v i o u r of our N a t i o n a n d the her household, h a v i n g w o n H o n o r a b l e Elijah M u h a m - World, Master F a r d M u h a m e v e r l a s t i n g a n d u n a n l m g u s m a d ? T h e a n s w e r to this m a d ( A l m i g h t y G o d A l l a h i n a p p r o v a l f r o m the m e m b e r s question w i l l s u p p l y u s w i t h P e r s o n ) , a r e entitled M . G . T . of h e r f a m i l y w i t h h e r p a l - the n e c e s s a r y i n f o r m a t i v e and G . C . C . w h i c h means ate - p l e a s i n g , p r i z e - w i n n i n g a m m u n i t i o n with w h i c h to M u s l i m G i r l s T r a i n i n g a n d menu and recipe. battle o u r a d v e r s a r i e s a n d G e n e r a l C i v i l i z a t i o n C l a s s .

The housewife, w h o I s a w i l l enlighten the m a s s e s of F R O M T H I S title alone, w e student at M u h a m m a d ' s our w o m e n to the s i g n i f i c a n t p r o v o c a t i v e role of theare a b l e to s h a p e a n d to d r a w M o s q u e N o . 2 , M . G . T . C l a s s , and a p e r s p e c t i v e w h i c h i s not r e c o m m e n d s the m e n u a n d - w o m e n i n I s l a m . or r e c i p e " w h e n company It i s a s e r i o u s a n d g r a v e m e r e l y a s o c i a l , e c o n o m i c a l educational conglpmerad r o p s I n " a s w e l l a s fore r r o r on the p a r t of i n t e l l i - and strictly family eating. gent w o m e n to be d i s c r i m i - tion w h i c h p r o j e c t s Its p a r a l w i t h other w o m e n ' s o r THE M E N U : B e a n soup, n a n t without proper a n a l y s i s lel s e r v e d w i t h c h e e s e , c r a c k e r s and to protest about the a b - g a n i z a t i o n s . I t i m p l i e s I n or toast; pot r o a s t , b r o w n s e n c e of light without t h e depth a s t u d y a n d a s c i e n c e r i c e , buttered b r o c c o l i , let- w i l l i n g n e s s to recognize tbe w h i c h i s c a p a b l e of p r o d u c tuce a n d tomato s a l a d , w h e a t power that p r o d u c e s t h e ing a w o r l d c i v i l i z a t i o n . rolls, pound c a k e , coffee o r light. M a y w e thus p r o c e e d T h i s i n v o l v e s l e a r n i n g the milk. with the intelligence to w e i g h art of l i v i n g i n e v e r y facet of the e v i d e n c e a t h a n d a n d toh u m a n encounter. T o d e v e l Pot Roast f i n a l l y h a v e the c o u r a g e to op o u r p e r s o n a l a n d i n t e r 4 o r 5 l b . pot r o a s t r e c o g n i z e a n d a c t upon the group a c t i v i t i e s b y e m p l o y 1- m e d i u m onion truth of our d i s c o v e r y . ing both a p r a c t i c a l a n d a s 3 stems celery c e t i c s c i e n c e of l i v i n g i s a 1 t s p . b l a c k pepper THE B A S I C t r a i n i n g that b a s i c s t u d y o r c r i t e r i o n for t4 c u p w a t e r is n e c e s s a r i l y a p a r t of w e l l a d v a n c e m e n t held s a c r e d b y 1 m e d i u m g r e e n pepper developed, w e l l g r o o m e d a n d the w o m e n who a c c e p t I s l a m 1 clove of g a r l i c refined w o m e n e n t a i l s a def2 tsp. lowery s e a s o n i n g inite study of H o m e E c o n o - today. salt m i c s . U n d e r the g u i d a n c e of THE Q U I C K E R we are paprika the H o n o r a b l e E l i j a h M u - able to d i s c a r d the b u r d e n of 1 c a n tomato s a u c e h a m m a d s u c h t r a i n i n g units improper habits and indecent 1/2 c u p c a t s u p designed to produce good S e a s o n r o a s t w i t h s a l t a n d m o t h e r s , g r a c i o u s w i v e s a n d m o r a l b e h a v i o u r , the s w i f t e r p a p r i k a . R o l l i n flour a n d w e l l t r a i n e d a n d d i s c i p l i n e d w e w i l l a c c o m p l i s h the a r t b r o w n w e l l o n both s i d e s . c h i l d r e n h a v e been estab- of r e a l l i v i n g a n d e n r i c h o u r A d d chopped p e p p e r , c e l e r y , lished throughout N o r t h resources towards acquiring onion a n d g a r l i c . M i x w a t e r , A m e r i c a w h e r e v e r the s u c c e s s . tomato s a u c e a n d c a t s u p a n d pour o v e r r o a s t ; c o v e r a n d E. MILLER & SONS, INC. cook s l o w l y i n a 300-degree Gald Medal DJ Hasiery Harlem's F i r s ! Harlemite Jobber FUEL OIL SERVICE^ F a h r e n h e i t oven for a p p r o x Burner Service—Sales—Installatian W i l m a c Hosiery C o . i m a t e l y 21/2 h o u r s , o r until N.J. Licensed Heme Repair Canlractar DISTRIBUTORS OF FINE LADIES' done. R o a s t should be b a s t e d MEN S-CHILDREN S HOSIERY 276 Bergen St., Newark 3, N.J. 301 West 127th Street to p r e v e n t d r y i n g w h i l e cookN E W . Y O R K 27, N . Y .

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18

N O V E M B E R 8, 1963

SPEAKS

Evening Classes at Islam University Continuing i t s p r o g r e s s i v e p r o g r a m of e x p a n s i o n , d e signed to fit the n e e d s of M u s l i m s of a l l a g e s , the U n i v e r sity of I s l a m in C h i c a g o h a s r e s u m e d i t s A d u l t E d u c a t i o n E v e n i n g C l a s s e s , u n i v e r s i t y officials h a v e a n n o u n c e d .

A c l a s s i n A r a b i c , i n proga n d high school, i n c o r p o r a t ress since early s u m m e r , is being taught b y M i n i s t e r ^^"^^ ^ ^ " ' ' ^ " ^ " " ^ the d a y school. M r s . E l e a n o r Wallace Muhammad. Those in h i s c l a s s who a r e e n r o l l e d H u n t e r i s the p r i m a r y t e a c h in the evening school w i l l er a n d M i s s M a b l e G r a t t o n h a v e a foreign l a n g u a g e a d d - w i l l t e a c h high s c h o o l . T h e ed to their c r e d i t s . h i s t o r y a n d h e r i t a g e of I s T H E A D U L T E v e n i n g l a m w i l l be s t r e s s e d .

C l a s s e s a r e being s p o n s o r e d by the M u s l i m G i r l s T r a i n - Find Jobs Are a Must encomposs primary grades ond high school, ' PRIMARY TEACHER Mrs. Eleanor Hunfer ing a n d G e n e r a l C i v i l i z a employing the some curriculum as the day To Non-White Mothers (right) instructs a class t" the University tion c l a s s , h e a d e d b y C a p school. of Islom. Geared to the > jeds of odulH, W A S H I N G T O N — Twentytain E t h e l S h a r r i e f f , w h o s e v e n p e r c e n t of a l l nonpointed o u t : white m a r r i e d w o m e n l i v i n g T h r e e Seek Office in " W e of the M u s l i m G i r l s with a husband a n d having T r a i n i n g a n d G e n e r a l C i v i l i Iberville, Louisiana c h i l d r e n u n d e r 6-years-of-age PIC' ,P •-. . . D-LIVEKV PLAQUEMINE, L a . — zation C l a s s a r e a n x i o u s to a r e i n the l a b o r force, c o m extend l e a r n i n g to a n y a n d liRNIE'S FRI:N( II CLEANERS. INC: Three Negroes have qualip a r e d w i t h 18 p e r c e n t of a l l of o u r M u s l i m m e m b e r s . fied a s D e m o c r a t i c c a n d i w h i t e , a c c o r d i n g to a s u r v e y AND L A I M I E R S E R V I C E " W e r e a l i z e that adults m a d e b y the C h i l d r e n ' s B u dates for public office i n Plant Branch m u s t keep p a c e a n d s t a y r e a u of the D e p a r t m e n t of Iberville Parish.

826 FULTON STREET 777 FULTON STREET a b o v e o u r young people. W e Health, E d u c a t i o n and Wel(Bet. Claremont and Vonderbiii (Bet. Oxford St. and Portland St.) Major J o h n s , L o u i s i a n a therefore e m p h a s i z e that a l l fare.

(Brookl/n 38, N Y.) field s e c r e t a r y for the C o n - should t a k e a d v a n t a g e of the A Negro labor expert said g r e s s of R a c i a l E q u a l i t y , benefits offered i n o u r U n i qualified a s a c a n d i d a t e for v e r s i t y b y our D i r e c t o r , S i s - h e r e that these f i g u r e s r e PRESIDENT ERNtST T. WOMACK, JR. flect the fact that N e g r o h u s state r e p r e s e n t a t i v e . S p i v e r ter C h r i s t i n e X , a n d h e r tt_ bands g e n e r a l l y a r e forced G o r d o n , a C O R E w o r k e r , a n d w e l l qualified staff. " into the l e s s e r p a y i n g jobs, W . W . W a r e , a bookkeeper, e a c h qualified a s c a n d i d a t e s G E A R E D to the needs of thus m a k i n g it n e c e s s a r y for If Yoor Hair Is Not Becoming to You . . . for the I b e r v i l l e P a r i s h P o - a d u l t s , the evening c l a s s e s their w i v e s to obtain e m p l o y You Should Be Coming to Us l i c e J u r y f r o m W a r d I I . encompass p r i m a r y grades ment.

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TELEPHONE

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N O V E M B E R 8,

MUHAMMAD

1963

SPEAKS

19

She Stopped To

Ask:

Why Vote On What Belongs To Us? C A M B R I D G E , Md. — T h e most controversial Negro w o m a n i n A m e r i c a today i s a s l i m , t a l l i s h H o w a r d u n i v e r s i t y - e d u c a t e d r e s i d e n t of M a r y l a n d w h o s e c i v i l r i g h t s t a c t i c s h a v e c a u s e d the K e n n e d y s c o n s t e r n a t i o n but a t the s a m e t i m e h a v e m a r k e d h e r a s one of the g r e a t l e a d e r s i n the s t r u g g l e for h u m a n f r e e d o m .

Mrs. G l o r i a Richardson l e a d s 4,000 C a m b r i d g e N e be put to p u b l i c v o t e ; groes d a y after d a y i n s o m e "We felt that if w e times peaceful, sometimes s u b m i t t e d to this i t Would violent s t r u g g l e for e q u a l i t y have set a terrible preceu n d e r the l a w , w i t h absolute dent for the r e s t of the refusal to petty comproU n i t e d S t a t e s a n d the mises.

South i n p a r t i c u l a r — w e W h e n the C a m b r i d g e w h i t e c o u l d foresefe r e f e r e n f a t h e r s offered h e r a " s o l u d u m s being u s e d to d e n y t i o n " — a r e f e r e n d u m to dea l l k i n d s of r i g h t s to a c i d e w h e t h e r the c i t y ' s pubm i n o r i t y group — r i g h t s lic accommodations would that h a v e a l r e a d y been be opened to N e g r o e s — s h e e s t a b l i s h e d by the C o n d r e w the w r a t h of " l i b e r a l s " stitution; white and black by her c a m " T h a t f u r t h e r , if it w a s paign w h i c h influenced Nenot n e c e s s a r y to vote on groes to s h i m the polls a t a whether an American t i m e w h e n others i n m a n y N e g r o h a s to fight for c i t i e s w e r e fighting for the his c o u n t r y , then it r i g h t to vote. w o u l d be r i d i c u l o u s a n d W H Y D I D the o v e r w h e l m ing m a j o r i t y of this c i t y ' s registered Negro voters stay a w a y f r o m the polls w h e n a n e l e c t i o n w a s s t a g e d " t o open public a c c o m m o d a t i o n s " to them?

The reasons a r e these, s a y s Mrs. Richardson, chairman of the C a m b r i d g e Non-violent Action Committee: "We d i d n ' t f e e l that one of our i n a l i e n a b l e rights a s A m e r i c a n s und e r the 14th a m e n d m e n t of the Constitution s h o u l d

humiliating for that s a m e A m e r i c a n soldier to be f o r c e d to vote on w h e t h e r he c o u l d go into an A m e r i c a n restaurant."

M e a n w h i l e , i n the w a k e of the e l e c t i o n h e r e w h i c h m a n y Negroes s h u n n e d , w h i t e m e r c h a n t s who voted a g a i n s t opening p u b l i c a c c o m m o d a t i o n s t u r n e d about ( a l m o s t a s though they too r e a l i z e d that the r e f e r e n d u m was superficial) and ann o u n c e d that accommoda-

MRS. GLORIA RICHARDSON stands in front of a Cambridge store which carries a sign posing the question: "Did You Vote To Go To War? ' She asked: "if a Negro

cannot vote on whether or not to go to war, why must he vote on rights guaranteed all Americans under the Constitution?"

tions w i l l be opened to a l l at up w i t h the e x t r e m e slown e s s w i t h w h i c h c i t y officials the first of the y e a r .

B U T the C a m b r i d g e N o n - a r e h a n d l i n g this whole probviolent A c t i o n Committee, l e m , " said Mrs. Richardson. h a s s t a t e d that n e w d e m o n - " M a n y of t h e m feel that s t r a t i o n s a r e in the m a k i n g . m o r e v i o l e n c e i s not f a r " W e w i l l be d e m o n s t r a t i n g a w a y . A n d I u n d e r s t a n d that for e q u a l opportunity in e m - still others a r e p r e p a r e d to ployment, education a n d start i t . "

MARYLAND NATIONAL GUARD still patrols streets of Cambridge but troopers did not prevent local whites from using autos A. L. B E A U D ' H U Y Licensed insurance Broker

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in attempts to run down Negro children attending newly desegregated white schpols.

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housing," Mrs. Richardson asserted. " W e w i l l also point up the f a c t that t h e r e a r e not enough j o b s for A N Y O N E i n C a m b r i d g e , white or b l a c k , t h a n k s to the e c o n o m i c o v e r l o r d s a n d their p o l i t i c a l a l lies who are more concerned with their personal welfare t h a n w i t h the fate of C a m bridge."

M a r y l a n d National G u a r d s m e n were noticeably among the m i s s i n g l a s t month w h e n N e g r o s c h o o l c h i l d r e n — i n tok e n n u m b e r s o n l y — b e g a n attending s o m e of the p r e v i ously a l l - w h i t e county a n d c i t y s c h o o l s a s a r e s u l t of the N e g r o e s ' s t r u g g l e for c i v i l rights. " N e g r o e s a r e getting fed

A n d so it is that on one side of R a c e S t r e e t , w h i c h f o r m s a r i g i d d i v i d i n g line b e t w e e n this c i t y ' s b l a c k a n d w h i t e c o m m u n i t i e s , l i v e the w h i t e s — w h o a r e c l i n g i n g to t h e i r fading d r e a m s of a i l for w h i t e s a n d none for b l a c k s , a n d the N e g r o e s , who a r e det e r m i n e d to end t h e i r 4th c l a s s e x i s t e n c e a n d g a i n full equality.

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I spent five i n s p i r i n g a n d eventful d a y s i n C a i r o , Mr. E g y p t , a n d then w i n g e d m y w a y to L a h o r e , P a k i s t a n .

A s the p l a n e l a n d e d i n L a h o r e , it o c c u r r e d to m e that I w a s m o r e t h a n 9,000 m i l e s f r o m the U . S . , but I h a d not y e tMUHAMMAD m i s s e d the c o u n t r y of m y b i r t h . E v e r y w h e r e I h a d been the people m a d e m e feel so m u c h a t h o m e that I felt I w a s t r u l y a t h o m e . M y s t a y i n L a h o r e p r o v e d no e x c e p t i o n .

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By Dr. L e o P. M c C a l l u m

I w a s m e t a t the a i r p o r t by m y exporter, S h . M u h a m mad Ashraf, a taii, stately M u s l i m who wears a red fezz a n d Is the leading p u b l i s h e r of E n g l i s h t r a n s 1a tions of I s lamic literat u r e throughDr. McCallum out the w o r l d .

F o r the n e x t five d a y s , S h . M u h a m m a d and his business associate, S a y y e d A . H u s s a i n , i n troduced m e to s o m e of the

N O V E M B E R 8, 1963

DALLAS, TEXAS HOUSTON, TEXAS J A C K S O N , MISS KANSAS CITY, M O LITTLE R O C K , A R K LOS ANGELES, C A L I F M I A M I - F T . LAUDERDALE, FLA MIAMI—FT. LAUDERDALE, FLA MONROE, LA NASHVILLE, TENN NEW ORLEANS, LA N E W Y O R K , N. Y . — N E W A R K . N. J N E W Y O R K , N . Y . — N E W A R K . N. J O K L A H O M A CITY, OKLA 'PHILADELPHIA, PA. — C H E S T E R , PA PHOENIX, ARIZ RICHMOND—PETERSBURG, VA SAN ANTONIO TEXAS

Sword!

DIAL. K C

TIME

DAY

WERD WDVL W A U G WSID XERF WEEZ W N O Q WEBH-FM

860 1270 1050 1010 1570 1590 1260 93.9

SUN. SUN. SUN. SUN. SUN. SUN. SUN. SUN.

XERF XERF XERF XERF XERF ...KAPP-FM .WFAB WMIE XERF XERF ....XERF WBNX WWRL XERF WEEZ KWBX WANT XERF

1570 1570 1570 1570 1570 93.5 990 1140 1570 1570 1570 I3B0 1606 1570 1590 1440 990 1570

SUN. SUN. SUN. SUN. SUN. SUN. SUN. SUN. SUN. SUN. SUN. SUN. FRI. SUN. SUN. SUN. SUN. SHN

5 : 3 0 P.M. 3 : 0 0 P.M. 1 1 : 0 0 A.M. 1 2 : 3 0 P.M. 9 : 3 0 P.M. 1 0 : 0 0 P.M. 6 : 3 0 A.M. 6 : 3 0 A.M. 9:30 P.M. 9 : 3 0 P.M. 9 : 3 0 P.M. 9 : 3 0 P.M 9 : 3 0 P.M.

w o n d e r s of a c o u n t r y 99 p e r 8:00 P.M. 1 : 0 0 P.M. cent M u s l i m . B u t l e t m e d i - On the Radio 6 : 3 0 A.M. g r e s s a m o m e n t to t a l k of a 9 J 3 0 P.M. pertinent f a c t m a d e c l e a r b y 9:30 P.M. m y trip to P a k i s t a n .

9:30 P.M. Station 6:30 P.M. L e t m e state that not once 9:30 P . M . d u r i n g m y entire tour w a s I 9:30 P.M. e v e r a s k e d w h a t k i n d of a 10:00 P.M..

M u s l i m I w a s . I w a s j u s t a In Your Area 10:30 A . M .

5:00 P.M. M u s 1 i m—and accepted a s 9:30 P.M s u c h . T h e y w e r e ohiy i n t e r B:00 P . M .

SAN FRANCISCO — O A K L A N D , CALF KSAN 1450 SUN. ested i n h o w they m i g h t be Listed 9:30 P.M. ST. L O U I S , M O XERF 1570 SUN. helpful i n f u r t h e r i n g the 10:30 P.M. TUSCALOOSA, ALA XERF 1570 SUN. c a u s e of I s l a m .

9:30 P.M. TYLER, TEXAS . . . . . X E R F 1570 SUN. W A S H I N G T O N , D. C .WOOK 1340 SUN. 4:45 P . M .

I n L a h o r e , I s a w the S h a i i - Here . . .

WILMINGTON, DEL WEEZ 1590 SUN. 10:00 P.M. m a r G a r d e n s , w i t h i t s three l e v e l s of flowers a n d m a n g o I had S u m m o n i n g a little m o r e a M u s l i m w h o n e i t h e r trees and with powerful level I a s s u m e d r e a c h e d m y o b j e c t i v e a n d e n e r g y I c l i m b e d a n d found s m o k e s n o r d r i n k s , A s h r a f , fountains w h i c h c a s c a d e the A s h r a d at 62 y e a r s - o f - a g e , still r e w a t e r into beautiful s p r a y s . s t a r t e d t a k i n g p i c t u r e s of the S h . M u h a m m a d Another fabulous sight i n c i t y . I m a g i n e m y s u r p r i s e c a l m l y p e r c h e d on the h i g h - tains the v i t a l i t y of a m u c h Lahore i s the B a d s h a h i w h e n a young M u s l i m b y est l e v e l . H a y i n g been born younger m a n .

Mosque, which c a n easily c o n t a i n m o r e t h a n 10,000 persons. T h e s e r e n i t y w i t h i n i t s marble-lined w a i l s brings m a n y M u s l i m s t h e r e to study and meditate. I t w a s here that S h . M u h a m m a d d e m o n s t r a t e d s o m e of h i s boundl e s s ener-gy.

gestures a n d motions (the l a n g u a g e there i s U r d u ) i n d i c a t e d there w a s s t i l l a h i g h e r l e v e l a n d that s o m e one w a s up there w a i t i n g for me.

T H I S M O S Q U E h a s four soaring m i n a r e t s with a winding s t a i r c a s e ascending to t h e i r heights. F r o m a phot o g r a p h i c point of v i e w I i m m e d i a t e l y s a w the a d v a n t a g e of t a k i n g a p i c t u r e of L a h o r e f r o m the top of one of the minarets.

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IN T H I S I S S U E ( F A L L , 1963) W . A l p h a e u s Hunton: The Meaning of Dr. Du Bois' Life S h i r l e y G r a h a m : After Addis Ababa J . H. O ' D e i l : The Negro People in the Southern Economy O l l l e H a r r i n g t o n : How Bootsie Wos Born W i l l i a m J . P o m e r o y : The Development of Phillipine Notionolism FREEDOMWAYS ASSOCIATES, INC. 7 9 9 Broadway, New York 3, N.Y.

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N O V E M B E R 8,

1963

MUHAMMAD

SPEAKS

21

The Welfare Du

They Aren't On Relief Because They Like it!

Q U E S T I O N : I n recent years, M r . H i l l i a r d , t h e r e h a s b e e n a s u r g e of a d v o c a t e s of a " g e t t o u g h " p o l i c y for those on relief r o l l s .

W h a t a r e y o u r v i e w s on t h i s ?

A N S W E R : There is a representative in our g e n e r a l a s s e m b l y who w r o t e i n a m i nority report that w e m u s t m a k e it more uncomforta b l e for people on relief.

God knows they are uncomfortable e n o u g h .

W h y a d d to t h e i r d i s c o m f o r t and take a w a y from them any spark of hope o r a m b i tion that might l e a d t h e m to r e spond to h e l p .

The w e l f a r e director in Newb u r g h , N . Y . , who a d v o c a t e d a get R A Y M O N D H I L L I A R D tough p o l i c y on r e l i e f e r s i i a S ' now gone t 5 w o r k , for J,he J o h n Birch Bociety:-- -— : - " T " r ""'7~ : r

Q U E S T I O N : W h a t i s the attitude of press, television and radio?

the

A N S W E R : T h e s e get tough attitudes h a v e c h a n g e d a s f a r a s the p r e s s i s c o n c e r n e d . I think the p r e s s is through w i t h j u s t denouncing t h e m . I t u s e d to be a p r a c t i c e . T e l e v i s i o n s e e m s to be u n d e r s t a n d i n g . R a d i o s e e m s to be u n d e r s t a n d i n g .

B u t c e r t a i n of our c i t i z e n s continue to c a l l the poor n a m e s , to denounce t h e m a n d to propose a i ! s o r t s of m e a s u r e s to m a k e it tougher for t h e m , a s if this w i l l m a k e t h e i r p o v e r t y go a w a y . I do not know w h a t c a n be done to e r a d i c a t e this.

Q U E S T I O N : W h a t about the w i d e l y d i s c u s s e d b i r t h control " s o l u t i o n " for m a k i n g the r e l i e f r o i l s s m a l l e r ?

A N S W E R : W h i l e I r e s p e c t the intentions of those who a d v o c a t e b i r t h control, I deplore the a d v o c a c y of this m e t h o d to r e d u c e our r e l i e f roles by l i m i t i n g the n u m b e r of the poor. I f w e h a v e a population explosion to contend w i t h , l e t ' s give attention to it a s a n explosion affecting a l l the people, not j u s t the poor. L e t us lift the poor out of t h e i r povertYfirst._^___^^_^^^^^^^^__^ ^ - - -•The v e r y people who k e e p the Nl^gro f r o m

1 Although unlimited biUions in tax ^ money are poured into "foreign aid" and into rockets and military rat holes, one of the most savage and dehumanizing assaults is being leveled at those destitute and impoverished Negro families vcho must subsist on public zvelfare.

In viezv of the increasing viciousness i of the attack against Negroes on public vselfare, Muhammad Speaks interviewed i Raymond IlilUard, director of the County Department of Welfare and one of the most articulate and experienced- experts on public aid.

Mr. Ililliard's significant analysis of this appallmg situation is being presented in | Niree segments — of which this is the final. r i s i n g or e v e n f r o m r a i s i n g h i s h e a d a r e the ones who a r e loudest i n t h e i r c o n d e m n a t i o n .

T h e s e a r e the m e n of the l e g i s l a t u r e who consistently vote a g a i n s t F E P C , open housing a n d other l e g i s l a t i o n designed to help the Negro out of the s l u m s .

Q U E S T I O N : W h a t c a n the F e d e r a l G o v e r n m e n t do to help a l l e v i a t e the r e l i e f problem?

A N S W E R : I f w e a r e going to f a c e a p r o t r a c t e d p e r i o d of u n e m p l o y m e n t for a d u l t s , then I s a y our n a t i o n a l g o v e r n m e n t should a c t p r o m p t l y to c r e a t e a n a t i o n a l w o r k force to give these people e m p l o y m e n t .

I w o u l d hope that it w o u l d be a n i m p r o v e m e n t o v e r the W P A . Not that the W P A d i d n ' t do m a n y g r e a t things but I w o u l d hope that the w a g e w o u l d be b e / t a r , that the p u b l i c a t titude a n d c e n s u r e wouldn't be a s strong a.s it w a s b a c k i n W P A d e y s . I think p u b l i c a t titude m a y h a v e c h a n s e d a l l this. I t ' s u n t h i n k a b l e that these m e n should be kept idle for a n y longer.

Q U E S T I O N : W h a t c a n be done for p o v e r i s h e d youth, Negro a n d w h i t e ?

- -

im-

A N S W E R : W e n e e d s e m e sorfcef iiaMonai« £ f f c y d n i i e y S n P a g e 23)

MUHAMMAD

N O V E M B E R 8, 1963

SPEAKS

Aifidavits of Alabama Terror Stopped on 3rd A v e . S c . , be- B i r m i n g h a m P o l i c e D e p a r t tween 10th a n d 11th S t r e e t s m e n t . l y n a i v e is Wiliie J a m e s by state troopers. : " i t h . I h a v e a q u a r t e t of T h e y m a d e us get out a n d gers. = )n T u e s d a y night, Sept. l e a n upon the trunk of one / i l l l e J ^ s Sr.lth 1963, m y q u a r t e t w e n t to of the two c a r s w e h a d . l e a r s e at a c h u r c h on 25th T h e r e w e r e five of u s , four eet b e t w e e n 3 r d A v e . , a n d in one c a r a n d I in m i n e .

M y n a m e is J a m e s O. ? ; A v e . , South. We r e - T h e y m a d e us hold our h a n d s R i c h a r d s o n . I h a v e a wife ! i r s e d for about one a n d up w h i l e l e a n i n g on the c a r . a u d four c h i l d r e n .

I , e-hal£ h o u r s , after w h i c h On T h u r s d a y night Sept.

W H E N T H E Y stopped us \ o went to get s o m e gaso19, 1963, w h i l e I w a s at the ii.se. i t w a s about 9:10 p . m . , they s a i d : " W e got a c a r full h o m e of a f r i e n d , w e h e a r d of b l a c k n i g g e r s tonight; w e ^» h e n w e left the c h u r c h . an explosion that sounded gonna w h i p s o m e n i g g e r s toWhile w e w e r e on the w a y tike another b o m b i n g . I m night; y ' a i i been singing 1 a filling station w e w e r e m e d i a t e l y w e w e n t out a n d freedom."

T h e y used the up the street about a block m o s t a b u s i v e p r o f a n i t y ; they CLASSIFIED ADS a n d looked a r o u n d to t r y to beat us w h i l e our h a n d s w e r e find w h e r e it w e n t off.

We SALE M!»CELtANEOUS up, hitting a n d p u n c h i n g u s found that it w e n t off j u s t SPECIAL OFFER with their sticks. a c r o s s tbe s t r e e t f r o m D u d HE BLACK NATION O F I S L A M " -IS p h i o s .

V n t e d in g o l d l e t t e r s o n T h e y s e a r c h e d u s . Oue of l e y s c h o o l i n front of the : qunlitv - s A wonderful reminder h o m e of a n o t h e r friend of all I d . - : . T s c h o o l , the T e m p l e & the troopers took $4.00 out of . v e r t i s i n g l--d $1-00 p l u s 25c f o r postm y frout pocket a u d k e p t i t . m i n e .

8. h a n d : r . t o : P o n d M o v v i l l e & C o . : -ureckles X ui4; 121 B r o a d w a y : S a n T h e y s e a r c h e d the other m e u S o m e o n e suggested that • ego 1, C r ' A s k about our special but they did uot h a v e a u y the F B I be c a l l e d . W e went o u p rote-. m o n e y . After about fifteen to the h o m e of another friend ESMEN AND WOMEN WANTED N T E D S A L E S M E N A N D W O M E N T O m i n u t e s of this type of t r e a t a n d c a l l e d the F B I . I c a i l e d II R u m b I - O n e - A - D a v V i t a m i n Prodm e n t one of t h e m s a i d : the B i r m i n g h a m police to r e TS Ext.opportunity.

Write df V l The li of R u m b l e . 251 W . 34th " Y ' a l l a i n ' t got a port the explosion. T h e p e r St., New Y o r k 1 N . Y .

LO 3-4422. thing, now y ' a l l g i t ! " T h e y R E A L ESTATE FOR SALE kept hitting a u d p u n c h i n g us BUY A N D S E L L a s w e w e r e going to get into BROTHER'S WITH SHABAZZ REALTY our c a r s .

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One B o x F o u r B o x e s $5.00. O e a . e r and orgonizg: cn inquiries invited.

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son that, a n s w e r e d a s k e d for not to .-eport a n y . I w a s m y n a m e a n d a d d r e s s , w h i c h slapped a n d k i c k e d on m y I g a v e to h i m . s h i n s , ai m s a n d h e a d .

I t s e e m s that they beat m e T H E P O L I C E then w e n t to about s e v e n or eight m i n m y h o m e looking for m e but utes.

I w a s not t h e r e . M y home is T H E Y T O L D M E to k e e p s e v e r a l blocks from where m y m o u t h shut o r they w o u l d the explosion went off. T h e s e e that I lose m y j o b . T h e y police c a m e to the p l a c e took m e to j a i l a n d c h a r g e d w h e r e the explosion w a s a n d m e with d r u n k e n n e s s . a s k e d for J a m e s R i c h a r d s o n , a n d I told t h e m I w a s h e . T h e y m a d e m e get into the police c a r a n d they took m e to a n isolated p l a c e a n d beat m e a n d k i c k e d m e .

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N O V E M B E R 8, 1963

MUHAMMAD

23

SPEAKS

Not On Relief Because They Like It" (Continued f r o m p a g e 21) w o r k force to take on the p u b l i c w o r k s p r o j e c t s a n d jobs that need to be done but a r e n ' t .

F o r a long t i m e I h a v e a d v o c a t e d the r e e s t a b l i s h m e n t of the old C O G ( C i v i l i a n C o n s e r v a t i o n C o r p s ) this t i m e a s a Y o u t h C C C .

Q U E S T I O N : W h a t purpose w o u l d a youth C C C serve?

A N S W E R : I t would help thousands of k i d s who a r e w a n d e r i n g a r o u n d the s t r e e t s a i m l e s s l y , w i t h no j o b s , nothing a h e a d but trouble, no hope at a l l . I t w o u l d give t h e m e v e r y thing a young m a n r e q u i r e s , t r a v e l , a d v e n ture, useful, e x h a u s t i n g a n d s a t i s f y i n g w o r k .

At the s a m e t i m e it w o u l d instill in t h e m c e r tain s k i l l s they w o u l d h a v e to a c q u i r e . T h e y would l e a r n m e c h a n i c s , c a r p e n t r y , c e m e n t w o r k a n d h u n d r e d s of s k i l l s they could use b a c k i n our u r b a n c e n t e r s . T h e y w o u l d be w o r k i n g under s o m e of the g r e a t e s t l e a d e r s h i p — a n d w h a t e v e r y boy needs is a l e a d e r , the right k i n d of l e a d e r , l i k e m e n i n the U . S .

F o r e s t S e r v i c e a n d the U . S . P a r k S e r v i c e .

Q U E S T I O N : W h a t c a n be done to help r a i s e the a s p i r a t i o n s of N e g r o y o u t h ?

A N S W E R : T o know m o r e of the g r e a t h i s t o r y of the N e g r o people in A m e r i c a w o u l d help i m m e n s e l y to r a i s e t h e i r a s p i r a t i o n s .

I think the young N e g r o boy or g i r l n e e d s to know that the first s e t t l e r i n C h i c a g o w a s a N e g r o — J e a n Baptiste Point DuSable. I think they need to know that the first A m e r i c a n to f a l l i n the R e v o l u t i o n a r y W a r w a s a Negro, Crispus Attucks.

T h e y need to know about the N e g r o g r e a t s of their o w n h i s t o r y . I t is only by seeing that there is a c h a n c e for t h e m that hope can come.

Q U E S T I O N : W h a t is the future of the e d u c a t i o n p r o j e c t h e r e in C h i c a g o , p a r t i c u l a r l y a s it r e l a t e s to N e g r o e s on r e l i e f r o l l s ?

A N S W E R : E d u c a t i o n i s the c h i e f w e a p o n a t our c o m m a n d to help a l l e v i a t e the r e l i e f problem.

W e hope to i n v o l v e , j u s t i n our e d u c a t i o n p r o j e c t h e r e i n C h i c a g o , s o m e 50,000 to 60,000 people. "These a r e able-bodied p e o p l e —

INTERNATIONALLY R E N O W N E D entertainer a n d f r e e d o m fighter, Josephine Baker (left) comes backstage at New York's Mayfair Theater on opening night to join former internotionoKy-fomous choreom o t h e r s c a r i n g for c h i l d r e n a n d able-bodied men.

Q U E S T I O N : A r e funds a v a i l a b l e for this educational project?

A N S W E R : W e e x p e c t to h a v e a l l the m o n e y w e n e e d a n d the cost is only a n i n f i n i t e s i m a l f r a c t i o n of w h a t w e ' r e spending on r e l i e f g r a n t s . F o r e x a m p l e , although our goal i s 50 to 60 thousand people, w e p l a n to involve only 20,000 this y e a r . T h i s w i l l only cost 1.3 m i l l i o n . T h e cost of r e l i e f g r a n t s for this y e a r alone w i l l be close to 200 m i l l i o n .

Y o u c a n see that the e d u c a t i o n a l p r o g r a m r e p r e s e n t s only a negligible portion of the tax d o l l a r . T h i s is the first step t o w a r d getting these people off the relief r o i l s a n d on a self-sustaining b a s i s .

Q U E S T I O N : W h a t of the p r o b l e m of the drop-outs?

A N S W E R : T h e drop-outs a r e going to be a tougher nut to c r a c k t h a n the adults be-

grapher and onthropoligist, Kotherine Dunhom, in congratulating Ossie Davis on his magnificent performance in the new Negro musical, "Ballad for Bimshire." c a u s e t h e y ' v e developed a c o m p l e t e d i s l i k e for school.

T o get t h e m b a c k w e w i l l h a v e to h a v e s o m e t h i n g different, that w i l l offer t h e m a l most c e r t a i n hope of e m p l o y m e n t .

O u r e x p e r i e n c e so f a r w i t h drop-outs is that this w i l l cost f a r m o r e than the 1.3 m i l lion w e t a l k e d about for the a d u l t s .

Q U E S T I O N : W h a t is being done to p r e vent future drop-outs a s f a r a s p o s s i b l e ?

A N S W E R : L a s t month a l l our c a s e w o r k e r s v i s i t e d h o m e s , t a l k i n g to p a r e n t s a n d c h i l d r e n , doing a i l they c a n to e n c o u r a g e the c h i l d r e n to s t a y i n s c h o o l . W e don't know w h a t s u c c e s s this w i l l b r i n g but a t l e a s t w e ' r e doing a l l w e c a n .

T h e B o a r d of E d u c a t i o n also h a s a s s i g n e d its a t t e n d a n c e officers to do s p e c i a l w o r k .

We h a v e hopes that m a n y s p e c i a l p r o j e c t s a n d c o u r s e s for these c h i l d r e n w h o h a v e dropped out of s c h o o l w i l l be developed by our B o a r d of E d u c a t i o n . T h i s is needed throughout the n a t i o n .

EVERY SUNDAY MORNING IN CHICAGO AT 6 : 3 0 A . M .

MUHAMMAD

24

The Messenger

of Allah

SPEAKS

Presents

The Muslim Program What Muslims

the Want

T h i s i s the question a s k e d m o s t frequently by both the whites a n d the b l a c k s . T h e a n s w e r s to this question I s h a l l state a s s i m p l y a s possible.

1. W e w a n t f r e e d o m . We w a n t a full a n d complete f r e e d o m .

3. We w a n t j u s t i c e . E q u a l j u s t i c e u n d e r tht l a w . We w a n t j u s t i c e applied e q u a l l y to a l l , r e g a r d l e s s of c r e e d or c l a s s or color.

3. We w a n t equality of opportunity. W e w a n t e q u a l m e m b e r s h i p i n society w i t h the best i n c i v i l i z e d s o c i e t y .

4. We w a n t our people i n A m e r i c a whose p a r e n t s or g r a n d p a r e n t s w e r e d e s c e n d a n t s f r o m s l a v e s , to be a l l o w e d to e s t a b l i s h a s e p a r a t e state or t e r r i t o r y of their o w n either on this continent or e l s e w h e r e . W e believe that our f o r m e r s l a v e m a s t e r s a r e obligated to provide s u c h l a n d a n d that the a r e a m u s t be fertile a n d m i n e r a l l y r i c h . W e believe that our f o r m e r s l a v e m a s t e r s a r e obligated to m a i n t a i n a n d supply our needs i n this s e p a r a t e t e r r i t o r y for the n e x t 20 to 23 y e a r s — until w e a r e able to produce a n d supply our own n e e d s .

S i n c e w e cannot get along w i t h t h e m i n p e a c e a n d equality, after giving t h e m 400 y e a r s of our s w e a t a n d blood a n d r e c e i v i n g in r e t u r n s o m e of -the w o r s t t r e a t m e n t h u m a n beings h a v e e v e r e x p e r i e n c e d , w e believe our contributions to this l a n d a n d the suffering forced upon us by white A m e r i c a , justifies o u r d e m a n d for complete s e p a r a t i o n in a state or t e r r i t o r y of o u r o w n .

5. W e w a n t f r e e d o m for a l l B e l i e v e r s of I s l a m now h e l d i n f e d e r a l p r i s o n s . W e w a n t f r e e d o m for a l l b l a c k m e n a n d w o m e n now u n d e r death sentence i n i n n u m e r a b l e p r i s o n s in the N o r t h a s w e l l a s the South.

We want every black m a n and woman to h a v e the f r e e d o m to a c c e p t or r e j e c t being s e p a r a t e d f r o m the s l a v e m a s t e r ' s c h i l d r e n a n d establish a l a n d of t h e i r o w n .

We know that the above p l a n for the solution of the b l a c k a n d white conflict i s the best a n d ' o n l y a n s w e r to the p r o b l e m between two people.

6. We w a n t a n i m m e d i a t e end to the police b r u t a l i t y a n d mob a t t a c k s a g a i n s t the s o - c a l l e d N e g r o throughout the U n i t e d S t a t e s .

W e b e l i e v e that the F e d e r a l g o v e r n m e n t should i n t e r c e d e to s e e t h a t b l a c k m e n a n d w o m e n t r i e d in white courts r e c e i v e j u s t i c e in a c c o r d a n c e w i t h the l a w s of the l a n d — or allow us to build a n e w nation for ours e l v e s , d e d i c a t e d to j u s t i c e , f r e e d o m a n d liberty.

7. A s long a s w e a r e not allowed to est a b l i s h a state or t e r r i t o r y of o u r o w n , w e d e m a n d not only e q u a l j u s t i c e u n d e r the l a w s of the U n i t e d S t a t e s , but e q u a l e m p l o y m e n t otjportunities—NOW! W e do not b e l i e v e that after 400 y e a r s of free or n e a r l y free l a b o r , s w e a t a n d blood, w h i c h h a s helped A m e r i c a b e c o m e r i c h a n d powerful, that so m a n y thousands of b l a c k people should h a v e to subsist on relief, c h a r ity or l i v e i n poor houses.

8. We w a n t the g o v e r n m e n t of the U n i t e d States to e x e m p t o u r people f r o m A L L t a x a tion a s long a s w e a r e d e p r i v e d of e q u a l j u s t i c e u n d e r the l a w s of the l a n d .

9. W e w a n t e q u a l education — but s e p a r a t e schools up to 16 for boys a n d 18 for g i r l s on the condition that the g i r l s be sent to w o m e n ' s colleges a n d u n i v e r s i t i e s . We w a n t a l l b l a c k c h i l d r e n e d u c a t e d , taught a n d trained by their own teachers.

U n d e r s u c h schooling s y s t e m w e believe w e w i l l m a k e a better nation of people. T h e

U n i t e d S t a t e s g o v e r n m e n t should p r o v i d e , free, a l l n e c e s s a r y text books a n d equipment, schools a n d college buildings. T h e M u s l i m t e a c h e r s s h a l l be left free to t e a c h a n d t r a i n their people iri- the w a y of righteousness, dec e n c y a n d self r e s p e c t .

10. We believe that i n t e r m a r r i a g e or r a c e m i x i n g should be prohibited. W e w a n t the religion of I s l a m taught without h i n d e r a n c e or s u p p r e s s i o n .

T h e s e a r e s o m e of the things that w e , the M u s l i m s , w a n t for our people in N o r t h A m e r i ca.

What 1 Muslims

the Believe

1

1. W E B E L I E V E i n the One G o d Whose proper N a m e i s A l l a h .

2. W E B E L I E V E in the H o l y Q u r a - a n a n d i n the S c r i p t u r e s of a l l the P r o p h e t s of God. 3. W E B E L I E V E i n the truth of the B i ble, but w e believe that it h a s been t a m p e r e d with a n d m u s t he r e i n t e r p r e t e d so that m a n k i n d w i l l not be s n a r e d by the falsehoods that h a v e been a d d e d to i t .

4. W E B E L I E V E in A l l a h ' s P r o p h e t s a n d the S c r i p t u r e s they brought to the people.

5. W E B E L I E V E i n the r e s u r r e c t i o n of the d e a d — n o t in p h y s i c a l r e s u r r e c t i o n — b u t in m e n t a l r e s u r r e c t i o n . We believe that the s o - c a l l e d N e g r o e s a r e most i n need of m e n t a l r e s u r r e c t i o n ; therefore, they w i l l be r e s u r r e c t e d first.

F u r t h e r m o r e , w e believe w e a r e the people of G o d ' s c h o i c e , a s it h a s been w r i t t e n , that G o d would choose the r e j e c t e d a n d the d e s p i s e d . We c a n find no other persons fitting this d e s c r i p t i o n i n these l a s t d a y s m o r e t h a n the s o - c a l l e d N e g r o e s i n A m e r i c a . W e believe i n the r e s u r r e c t i o n of the righteous.

6. W E B E L I E V E i n the j u d g e m e n t ; w e believe this first j u d g e m e n t w i l l take p l a c e , as God revealed, in A m e r i c a . . . .

7. W E B E L I E V E this is the time i n h i s tory for the s e p a r a t i o n of the s o - c a l j e d N e groes a n d the s o - c a l l e d white A m e r i c a n s .

W e believe the b l a c k m a n should be freed in n a m e a s w e l l a s i n fact. B y this w e m e a n that he should be freed f r o m the n a m e s i m posed upon h i m by h i s f o r m e r s l a v e m a s t e r s .

N a m e s w h i c h identified h i m a s being the s l a v e m a s t e r ' s s l a v e . We believe that if w e are free indeed, w e should go i n our own people's n a m e s — t h e b l a c k peoples of the earth.

8. W E B E L I E V E i n j u s t i c e for a l l , w h e t h e r i n G o d or not; w e believe a s others, that w e a r e due e q u a l j u s t i c e a s h u m a n beings. We believe i n e q u a l i t y — a s a n a t i o n — of equals. We do not believe that w e a r e e q u a l with our s l a v e m a s t e r s i n the status of " f r e e d s l a v e s . " We recognize a n d r e s p e c t A m e r i c a n citizens a s independent peoples a n d w e r e s p e c t their l a w s w h i c h govern this nation.

9. W E B E L I E V E that the offer of integration i s h y p o c r i t i c a l a n d is m a d e by those who a r e t r y i n g to d e c e i v e the b l a c k peoples into believing that their 400-year-old open e n e m i e s of f r e e d o m , j u s t i c e a n d equality a r e , a l l of a sudden, their " f r i e n d s . " F u r t h e r m o r e , w e believe that s u c h deception i s i n tended to p r e v e n t b l a c k people from r e a l i z i n g that the time i n history h a s a r r i v e d for the s e p a r a t i o n f r o m the whites of this n a t i o n .

I f the white people a r e truthful about their professed friendship t o w a r d the soc a l l e d N e g r o , they c a n prove it by d i v i d i n g up A m e r i c a w i t h t h e i r s l a v e s .

W e do not believe that A m e r i c a w i l l e v e r

Honorable Elijah Muhammad be able to f u r n i s h enough jobs for h e r o w n millions of u n e m p l o y e d , in addition to jobs for the 20,000,000 b l a c k people a s w e l l .

10. W E B E L I E V E that w e who d e c l a r e d o u r s e l v e s to be righeous M u s l i m s , should not p a r t i c i p a t e i n w a r s w h i c h t a k e s the l i v e s of h u m a n s . W e do not b e l i e v e this nation should force u s to t a k e p a r t i n s u c h w a r s , for w e have nothing to g a i n f r o m it u n l e s s A m e r i c a a g r e e s to give us the n e c e s s a r y t e r r i t o r y w h e r e i n w e m a y h a v e something to fight for.

11. W E B E L I E V E our w o m e n should be r e s p e c t e d a n d protected a s the w o m e n of other nationalities a r e r e s p e c t e d a n d protected.

12. W E B E L I E V E that A l l a h ( G o d ) a p p e a r e d in the P e r s o n of M a s t e r W . F a r d M u h a m m a d , J u l y , 1930; the long-awaited " M e s s i a h " of the C h r i s t i a n s a n d the " M a h d i " of the M u s l i m s .

We believe further a n d l a s t l y that A l l a h is G o d a n d besides H I M there i s no G o d a n d He w i l l bring about a u n i v e r s a l g o v e r n m e n t of p e a c e w h e r e i n w e a l l c a n l i v e i n p e a c e together.

I n v i e w of the tenor of the t i m e s , w i t h N e g r o e s struggling a l l a c r o s s the nation for e q u a l rights, the h i s t o r i c prog r a m f i r s t p r e s e n t e d by the Honorable E l i j a h M u h a m m a d on S u n d a y , J u l y 15, 1962, in C h i c a g o ' s M c C o r m i c k P l a c e i s of s p e c i a l i n t e r e s t a n d benefit to N e groes.