4-15-1963 Our Freedom Can't Wait! by Muhammad Speaks

Dedicated to Freedom, justice and Equality for the so-called Negro. The Earth Belongs to Allah

VOL.

Hlutiammad5peafe$

NO. 15

A P R I L 15. 1963

Congressman

Powell

ill

Says:

15c—OUTSIDE I L L I N O I S 20c

OUR FREEDOM CAN'T WAIT! Hits

Slow

Pace Big

By Elijah M u h a m m a d Here the Prophet describes to us a terrible and mighty vicious human being or beings whose characteristics are that of a merciless, savage beast or a poison snake capable of deceiving. He is deceptive by nature to make the win. world follow and worship him with the worship that is due to Divine Creator of the heavens and earth.

A t Rally

N E W Y O R K — Harlem's unprecedented H u m a n Rights Rally, which h e a r d Congressman A d a m Clayton P o w e l l declare, " N o m a n w h o springs f r o m the w o m b of a b l a c k w o m a n c a n afford to be other t h a n a m a n of protest," has shaken a n d upset m a n y N e g r o " l e a d e r s" w h o have advocated a " m i l d er" a p p r o a c h to the solution of the Negroes' m a n y problems.

The dragon or devil has deceived the world into believing him to be the second person in the godhead, the vicegerent or intercessor of man. In this way he is able to deceive the people of God, for he offers a religion to the people that he claims to he from God and he includes the true Prophet of God, Jesus, as being the true founders of the religion that he teaches. P H A R A O H , the K i n g of Egypt, was called the great dragon, Ezekiel 29:3. Revelations 12:3,4 d e s c r i b e s the dragon as being red. The dragon stood b e f o r e the woman of heaven who was clothed w i t h the sun and on her head a crown of twelve stars, and the moon under her feet, which was ready to be delivered, but there stood the dragon ready to devour her child as soon as it was born. The Revelation "d r a g o n " seems to have the same thing in mind that Pharaoh had against Israel.

The huge outdoor rally also h e a r d c o m e d i a n D i c k G r e g o r y say: "So y o u ' r e l e a v i n g the South and coming North because they're not l y n c h i n g us u p h e r e . T h e y got a better w a y . T h e y give you a j o b for a dollar an hour a n d starve you to death." MINISTER Malcolm X tared that "we w o n ' t

Pharaoh was opposed to Al-Azhar Egypt, prepares to cover the key Jehovah and Moses' efforts to w a y a j student A k b a r M u h a m m a d , now in Addis A b a b a conference free Israel from his power

dfpeTdinPgr°oilThVwhiete^MS

man.

T h e only

Truth Is The Best Guidance

c o r r e s

o n d e n t

a n d

w h i t e m a n should be al• Continued on Paee 2<

that thev may go to a land of

(See Page 10)

(Continued on page 9)

Randolph Warns on Job Riots (See Page 4 )

M U H A M M A D

SPEAKS

A P R I L 15, 1963

W h a t Powell Said: By J O S E P H W A L K E R (Muhammad Speaks Correspondent) " I i n t e n d to stay i n C o n g r e s s as l o n g as t h e crackers don't like me. A n d t h a t w i l l be u n t i l Jesus c o m e s o r M u h a m m a d , " said P o w e l l . "The white man in A m e r i c a has g i v e n t o t h e black m a n a l l that he i n tends to give h i m . Therefore anything that we need w e have to fight a n d seize f o r o u r s e l v e s , " h e insisted. "As long as we live in the - Black Mans Hel] they w i l l educate us through the U n i ted Xegro College Fund. But when jve start to invade the White Man's Heaven., then we are in trouble." " I don't agree w i t h some ' o f the things Malcolm X preaches and he- doesn't agree with some of the things I preach," said the dynamic lfarlem Congressman who is also a Baptist minister. " B u t one of the things I am very close to agreeing almost completely with is Malcolm X's analysis of our present na ttonal Xegro organizations. "Unless we can seize completely the administration and policy making of our national Negro organizations, then we must say there is no hope there for us. And I include the NAACP, Urban League, CORE and S o u t h e r n Christian Leadership Conference under Martin Luther King," Powell commented. "When I introduced the Powell amendment to stop federal funds from going to segregated schools, the National Board of Directors of the NAACP tried to pass a motion sustaining me and all of the whites on the board opposed it, and they were led by the late Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt and the publisher of the WASHINGTON POST, Mrs. Agnes Meyer. Powell has been walking the streets of Harlem as a leader for 33 years, minister of a church totally owned, maintained and. controlled by Negroes. He has been in Congress for 20 years. " I tell you again and again," he exclaimed, "we are not going to get anything more in this life except that which we fight for and fight for with all our power. "THIS MAY sound like Black Nationalism," he remarked, adding, " i f it is, then what is wrong with it? Why is it that racism and nationalism are only dirty words when applied to Negro people? What the white man fears M U H A M M A D SPEAKS Published Bi-Weekly V o l . 2, No. 15

A p r i l , 15,1963

P u b l i s h e d by

Muhammad's Mosque No. 2 634 East 79th St.. Chicago 19. III. ABerdeen 4-8622-23 Aoplication to m a i l a s s e c o n d - c l a s s postagrates is pending at C h i c a g o , Illinois

SUBSCRIPTION RATES: In C h i c a g o 12 I s s u e s $1 50. 24 I s s u e s $2.40, O u t s i d e C h i c a g o , 12 I s s u e s $1.00.

CALLING FOR NEGRO UNITY in struggle for equality at unprecedented Human Rights Rally in Harlem were (from left) Congressman A d a m Clayton Powell, Minister M a l c o l m X, a n d Hulan Jack, former president of the Borough of M a n h a t t a n . is the coming together of Negroes," he observed: "The hard truth is that the black man is only completely integrated in the United States in those organizations which are his. That is the only place where a white man meets him on an equal level." HE RAPPED white manipulation of so-called Negro colleges. "Hampton, Tuskegee and Pisk are not ours. The closest Howard University is to us is the fact that it is under me and my committee because it is part of the Federal Government. The Negro state colleges in Florida. Tennessee, Georgia and North Carolina aren't ours. All we have got is a few Baptist colleges and a couple of Methodist colleges." Powell urged Negro social groups "to stop fettering away our future," disclosing that the banquet departments at the Waldorf and Americana hotels would fail without Negro business. The average spent by these Negro groups at a breakfast, luncheon, dinner or dance in tickets alone is $25,000 per event. "One day down the road we can afford to go downtown and have these big times but right now I believe our Elks. Masons. Shriners, fraternities, sororities and social clubs should pour their money into tangible things." He suggested building collective housing for Negroes and pointed to the Federal Housing Act which would extend 100 per cent financing to such projects. Powell termed Sen. John J. Williams of Delaware as "a chicken piucker," declaring "the chicken pluckers get mad when Negroes give indications of moving in on big money. They don't mind building for us because

(Continued on page 3)

What's

The

Answer?

Bowles Asks Question of The Century " W h y . 100 years after our Emancipation Proclamation, w as it necessary to call up an army division to secure a basic human right established under the 14tli amendment to the United States Constitution ?" That, said Chester Bowles, was the significant and obvious question that he wasn't asked during' his recent trip to Africa. President Kennedy's special adviser on African, Asian and Latin American affairs, Bowles reported that during the African t r i p he was constantly q u e s t i on.e d about James Meredith and the University of Mississippi. " \ \ ny w as there such racial discrimination?" and "What was wrong- with America?" Africans asked. Bow les said his pat answer in defense of U.S. government was : " \ \ here else have you ever heard of a government with such strong convictions about racial equality and such respect for law that it is w i l l i n g to muster lO.OOO soldiers to enforce the right oi one Xegro student to an integrated education ?"

A Taste of Liberty M a e Again

M a l l a r y f i g h t G o e s

CLEVELAND â&#x20AC;&#x201D; She hardly had a taste of liberty before she was back behind bars again. But Mrs. Mae Mallory, who had spent more than a year in County Jail here prior to her release on bond, has won another round in her long fight to keep from being returned to North Carolina, where she is wanted on a trumped-up kidnaping charge.

Jailed an

with petitions, letters and telegrams urging him to revoke the DiSalle OK'd extradition a n d g r a n t her an immediate release.

Powell Blast Stirs Big Harlem Rally

THE 35-YEAR-OLD Negro freedom fighter, accused cf kidnaping a white cduple when racists attacked Negroes in M o n r o e , (Continued from Page 1) N.C.. in 1961. has been freed here M a r c h 14, when the Ohio Supreme Court upheld her right for l o w e d t o s t a y a m o n g us is bail. i f h e is g o i n g t o w o r k f o r However, her freedom on us, n o t o v e r u s . " S15.000 bond was cut short when Other speakers included the Ohio High Court issued an order revoking her bond and a Hulan Jack, former Manhatbench warrant was issued for tan Borough President; State her arrest. Senator James L . Watson, Walter Haffner. Mrs. Mallory's Louis Micha.ux. of African attorney, says he has won a 30- Nations in America. Rev. day stay of execution from the Robert Kinlock of the MissU.S. Appeals. Court in Cincinnati issippi Relief Committee, and preventing her extradition to Afty. Percv Sutton, former North Carolina. president of the Xew York THE STAY was granted pend- City X'AACP. ing an examination of the validity Also on the platform were cf an Extradition order signed by Minister Robert J. X of M u former Ohio Governor Mike Dihammad's Mosques of RochSalle. ester and Buffalo, and sevJames Rhodes, present Ohio eial Xegro and Puerto Rican governor, has been swamped \ssemblvmen.

A P R I L 15, 1963

M U H A M M A D

SPEAKS

Dick Gregory Says Relief Is No Shame! C O M E D I A N Dick G r e g o r y said t h a t " a l l at once we have been led t o b e l i e v e t h a t t h e r e is a Negro c r i m e rate. "You pick up t h o s e downtown p a p e r s and read ' C r a c k Narcotics Cops M a k e B i g Dope R a i d i n H a r l e m . ' I f the police were that smart they w o u l d have busted t h a t p o t d o w n t o w n before t h e y cut i f a n d sent it out here. " A l l at o n c e w e are ashamed a b o u t relief," he continued. "We think relief is us. . .-'.- W e should not be DICK GREGORY (left) on speakers platform at Human Rights ashamed of relief. For when rally, is flanked by Muslim Minister James X of Newark, N.J. they- give us fair jobs, fair Hanging in effigy (top) is Mississippi Governor Ross Barnett. housing, g o o d schools and those other things that the Constitution says we are supposed to have, we w i l l relieve them of relief.

Powell: We Must Have Freedom Now (Continued from page 2)

ashamed of how t h e y are treating me, t h e n I ' m not ashamed of relief," he said. On the Muslims, he commented, " A l l my life I've been told when you quit smoking that pot, cutting one another, acting a damn fool on weekends and letting that white woman alone, we will accept you. The Black Muslims decided to do that and they called it un-American." On inequality, he said, "Keep me a second class citizen if you must, but please don't make me pay first class taxes. Send me to the worst schools in America if you must but when I go downtown to apply for a job, please don't give me the same test you give the white boy."

"At least in Mississippi you know you can't stop one but in New York you don't know. You stand there and you wait. If they can get by with a cab, what else are they doing to you?" he asked.

Dogs Rip Crowds in Petersburg

ON UNWED M O T H E R S : "Everytime you pick up one of those papers, you read about Negro women with illegitimate kids and get embarrassed. Who's writing the articles? Some chick who is living in a neighborhood P E T E R S B U R G , Va. — Powhere they have abortion credit cards." lice used vicious K - 9 dogs here i n an attempt to ter"So we have problems," de"AS L O N G as they are not clared Gregory, "Problems in rorize Negroes marching in non-violent protest of discrimination in the city's movie houses.

ences aside and attacking together, relentlessly and consistthey make the money from it. ently, Jim Crow in our land. But they dcn't want us to build and no one has yet." He produced chuckles from the crowd when he opined that " i f the white man was faced with the hard choice of whether his daughter would marry a Negro or whether he would give up his monopoly on big business in the United States, he would let little Sue Ann go on down the trail. "Because you see, little Sue Ann is going anyway. She has R I C H M O N D , Ya. — T h e been going and will go from the days of slavery until the days bullets shattered the windowpane minutes after the bedof the second coming." Powell urged Negro churches room lights were turned on. to end their foreign mission pro-1 James Howard reeled under grams and to put their money in-; the impact of the 9-millimeter to constructive projects in their | slug's then slumped to the communities at home. "Africans | floor dead. don't need us to help them," he! The 40-year-old man was said. "They have saved them-! the fifth Richmond Negro selves." slain by this city's phantom HE EXPRESSED delight at sniper, who has resumed his seeing the Negro press coming senseless slaughter of Negro back into maturity. " I t went} through a period of nothing but citizens. scandal and gossip," he said.! Between July and Decem"But now as it looks at the white-' ber of last year a s n i p e r controlled press with its distor-; armed w i t l i a 9-millimeter | tions and lies, it is beginning to German luger had killed four j realize that the only place where Negroes and wounded seven we are going to get the truth others, all within*an area of and a crusade is from the pen of black men writing for a black about a mile and a half from press supported by black peo- Howard's home. A total of $1,250 has been ple." He, like all the speakers, offered for information lead- ! MINISTER MALCOLM X of Muhammad's Mosque No. 7, speaks called for putting petty differ- ing to the sniper's arrest. to a sea of Negro citizens during rally in Harlem Square.

5th Negro Is Slain By Sniper

Mississippi, and if you don't think you have a problem in New York, which is a disgrace, you go downtown in Manhattan and let your wife or kid get sick and be black and try to stop a cab.

The dogs ripped into the marchers and the clothing of some of the student demonstrators was torn to shreds. "DOGS OR no dogs, the demonstration w i l l continue." said David Gunter, president of the Petersburg Improvement Association. "There was absolutely no call for the use of dogs on our people. . . This is a clear cut case of police brutality and irresponsibility. " I f the dogs were u s e d properly they should have been used to disperse the mob that gathered to harass us. The police encouraged the hoodlums and victimized us." More than 800 students and citizens marched in doublerank file to police headquarters to protest the use of police dogs on demonstrators attacking theater segregation.

'Drop Bias for

Lent!'

GREENSBORO, N.C. — Negro college students, with an appreciation for current events, urged city officials here "to try giving up segregation for Lent" as they picketed the municipal building. Authorities did not appear anxious to make that much of a "sacrifice."

M U H A M M A D

Randolph

SPEAKS

A P R I L 15, 1965

Warns:

Halt Job Discrimination Or Face Violence/ Riots In this installment of an exclusive interview granted Muhammad Speaks by A. Philip Randolph, founder-president of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, a vice president of the AFLClO, the famous labor leader continues his candid appraisal of the unemployment crisis. He discusses the U. S. government, American industrialists, possible violence, the plight of high school youths and the need for Negro unity. M U H A M M A D S P E A K S : Do you see a sincere effort on me. I am greatly alarmed the part of the United Stat es, on the part of the indus- about the problem and estrialists to solve his unenipl oyment prol^em that plagues pecially because Negroes have not awakened fully to the Negroes in this country? R A N D O L P H : No, I don't Negroes right here in Harlem realization of the plight they see an}- organized, systematic that work an entire week and are in. evidence of concern about this yet must go to the welfare M U H A M M A D SPEAKS: problem among the forces of department to be subsidized -What is to become of these industry or the forces of or- because their wages are so ganized labor. Changes are low. Consequently, the black high school students who are beginning to manifest them- workers not only have the not being geared and trained selves, but they are too slow. problem of getting jobs but for the new technological Some progress is being made, also have the problem of get- jobs? ting a living wage on the job. hut it is too little. RANDOLPH: Y o u a r e We are up against a treThe average median wage quite right that we face a mendous situation here and it of the Negro is about 58 per basic problem .of the direction will require a tremendous na- cent less than the average of our education. For a long tional activity w i t h a broad median wage of a white man. time Negroes concentrated on national purpose. However, he pays the same the acquisition of cultural or Our problem is to give the price for sugar, rent and professional training due to government, organized labor, clothes, w i t h 58 per cent less the fact that they had just i n d u s t r y and the Negro income. That is a big problem. come out of slavery. masses themselves a deeper This is the thing that worries Thev felt that the farthest sense of the urgency of the problem. We have got to create a sense of urgency in all of these areas and groups of the fact that Negroes are becoming victims of frustration, which will lead to desp e r a t i o n and desperation President K e n n e d y , s p e a k i n g i n Chicago releads to violence. cently, a d m i t t e d the a l a r m i n g proportions o f unM U H A M M A D SPEAKS: e m p l o y m e n t i n the U n i t e d States — p a r t o f the Would you elaborate further c o c k e y e d e c o n o m i c p i c t u r e o f r i s i n g n a t i o n a l p r o on that ? Would you say that d u c t i o n and s t e a d i l y - i n c r e a s i n g j o b l e s s n e s s . this violence w i l l erupt in

JFK:

Unemployment

Jobless

Negro ghettos and eventually spread across America? R A N D O L P H : I f Negroes can't get jobs, violence will break out wherever they are. Especially, of c o u r s e , in Negro ghettos. Right here in Harlem p r o b a h 1 y 80,000 Negroes are without jobs now. You have thousands of Negroes in every metropolitan center in the'countrv living off dole. You have thousands of Universal WINDOW CLEANING SERVICE BROOKLYN, NEW YORK P H O N E G L 5-8307 Exclusively Serving the Community

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H e declared t h a t r a c i a l discrimination, as r e f l e c t e d i n s c h o o l d r o p o u t s , l a c k o f t r a i n i n g a n d c l o s e d d o o r s t o j o b s a n d j o b a d v a n c e m e n t , is a heavy contributor. U n d e r s c o r i n g the President's statements soon after he returned to W a s h i n g t o n — a n d indicati n g t h e w o r l d - w i d e scope o f t h e u n e m p l o y m e n t crisis — 5,000 jobless B r i t o n s f r o m e c o n o m i c a l l y depressed areas r i o t e d outside b o t h houses o f Parliament in London, fighting, cursing and demandi n g the ouster o f the M a c m i l l a n Conservative government. STOP!! PAYING TOO MUCH INCOME TAX & LOSING MONEY BECAUSE OF ERRORS OR DEDUCTIONS WE PREPARE QUICK, EFFICIENT. LOW COST INCOME T A X " " " a ^ t T ^ ZERO TAX SERVICE 1987 AMSTERDAM AVENUE NEW YORK 32, NEW YORK BETWEEN

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j they could get away f r o m ! any kind of hand labor was an evidence of progress. Now. | of course, w i t h the march of technology, the invention of new machines, the automation revolution, Negroes are I beginning to realize they must acquire skills and training because the labor market is no longer buying muscle power. I t is today b u y i n g skill. I t is buying technical competence. Today when you produce a machine i t is the result of the fact that you had scientists engaged in b a s i c discovery and principles. These principles are applied by engineers who get the cooperation of technical and craft labor. In other words, these are the fore-forces that are responsible for the production of goods and services in our nation today. Negroes are not a part, to any considerable extent, of any one of these categories. They play no part in basic science. They play only a little part as engineers because they haven't had the training and opportunities. They are not in the expanding field of technical workers and they have been left out even as trade craftsmen because they have not been admitted to apprentice-training programs. Now we have to break through these barriers. Today doctors, lawyers and teachers are still n e e d e d j among Negroes, but Negroes must now move into the area of basic science, developing engineers a n d technicallyskilled craftsmen w h o are just above the trade craftsmen—the. bricklayer and electrician. The technical man has t w o years more of college training than the ordinary trade craftsmen. The engineer has full universitv training and

A. PHILIP RANDOLPH lie deals largely in the application of the principles that the scientist discovers. Because of the combination of these forces we produce commodities of America and the world. Negroes are in a very serious position because if all the Negroes were to drop out 5f~ the United States tonight they would not stop the machinery of production from turning, moving or producing. Yet, they represent one tenth of the population. Now that is a serious indictment. Negroes, therefore, have got to become a part of the mainstream of industrial production. But to do this, they must acquire the skills and the training whereby they w i l l be needed to utilize and manipulate this machinery. This is the problem that faces the Negro, as you spoke about the y o u n g Negroes dropping out of high school and college. This is a serious question and the only way we are going to meet it, as I see it, is to go to the homes of every Negro family and sit down w i t h them and tell them unless they keep their children in school u n t i l they graduate from high school there w i l l be no hope for them. There is no hope in our i n dustrial automated society for«anyone who has not finished high school and procurred high school training. This is a desperate situation that confronts us. To be continued in the next issue.

M U H A M M A D

A P R I L 15, 1963

AFTERMATH

SPEAKS

OF—

The Quietest Triple Murder B y Russell Burns and George Beatty M A R I O N , I n d . — T h e y called this the "quietest" triple murder trial i n U.S. history. I f radio, T V or the m u l t i tudes of photographers and convicted of assault—stood pracreporters from big news serv- tically alone. She had fought off the peculiar ices ever heard of this town or of white "Bible Student" last-minute request by the proseDavid Niccum who was sen- cuting attorney and the "judge" tenced here this month for that she meet in a room alone— minus court stenographers or any murdering three members of officials—with the man who had a teen-age Negro girl's family, committed the murder because of in order to kidnap and rape his open lust for her. She refused. her on a crazed cross-counShe had withstood the peculiar t r y flight—the}? promptly for- liberty given to Niccum while in his "cell" to call her house and got it. plead with a relative that he be IN THE BITTER END, beauti- allowed to "talk privately" to ful 16-year-old Karen Harris, her her. She refused. immediate family wiped out in THE MAYOR of Marion is Jack one evening by an ex-convict Edwards who said: "We're all twice charged with rape and once David Byron Niccum terribly upset over this thing. It was an awful thing." But Edwards was the mayor of this town back in 1930 when a white mob stormed the city jail for two of three Negroes arrested the day before on rumors of "rape" and hung them in the town square. The M a y o r remembers the lynching well, inasmuch as he was then regarded as the "boy Mayor" and it led to an association with the late Walter White, former head of the NAACP. He did not remember, however, that one of the Negroes lynched in the town square was Abram Smith, first cousin once removed of Karen, who still seemed dazed at what occurred to her family. SHE HAD MET the 25-year-old N i c c u m in an "integrated" church and her father George Harris, 50; her mother, Delores, 40; and her 81-year-old nearly blind aunt, Mrs. Naomi Robinson had befriended him. Though Niccum's police record HARRIS HOME in Marion, Ind., where David Byron Niccum, 25, shot to death Karen Harris' mother, father, and aunt, on rape charges dated back to when they refused to let Karen go with him to California. 1958 and 1959 and although he Arrow indicates bedroom where bodies of the mother and willingly admitted murdering the aunt were found. (Continued on Page 61

KAREN HARRIS and her dog, TV, leave house for an airing in Marion, Ind. A white "Bible student" who kiHed Karen's mother, father and aunt then forced her to accompany him on his flight to California, was sentenced to life in prison but will be eligible for parole after 18 years.

Girl Relives Horror Story M A R I O N , I n d . — " I never man i n all my life as I was stopped h i m and saved me." Karen Harris, who has stared at the floor. She was reliving the horrorfilled miles and the desperate hours during her cross country ride with David Byron Niccum, the white "Bible student" who had murdered three members of her family and then kidnapped her from her home. SHE WAS remembering the sound of the shots that had killed her father as she sat helpless in the bathroom of their home, her eyes and mouth taped. For a few moments she said nothing. Then she quietly began to recount the events of that tragic day in 1962. "When I came home, he greeted me and opened the door and I walked in," Karen said. "After I got in he pulled a gun and shut the door, but I still didn't feel afraid—not then." she said.

was so glad to see a policeon that Monday when they just turned 17, paused

and

twisting my arm and handcuffing my hands behind me. "He took me into the bathroom and taped my eyes and mouth and forced me to sit there while he waited for my father." She was talking softly, but more freely now. " I heard daddy come in and then I heard an argument. Suddenly there were two shots and a gurgling sound and I knew that he must have shot my father. "When he came back to the bathroom I asked him where my mother was and he told me that we were going away and that she was going with us.

"HE PUT ME in the front seat and started driving around. After stopping for gas on the west side of Marion, he took a round about way to Indianapolis. "From Indianapolis he t o o k "THE FEAR came when he BODY OF GEORGE HARRIS lies on living room floor of Harris home, scene of triple slay- told me he wasn't playing, and route 40 and he stayed on that ing. Family had just finished paying for the property about 60 days before the shooting. forced me to sit in a chair by (Continued on Page 6)

M U H A M M A D

SPEAKS

A P R I L 15, 1963

Girl's Family Slain

The Triple Murder nerica Ignored this man has he should never be allowed to set foot in civilized sogirl's father, mother and aunt ciety again. If he had been a and assaulting and kidnapping Negro he would never see another Karen, he will be eligible for pasun. role in 18 years, if not sooner. "THEY EVEN gave Niccum Thus the scales of justice here, permission to call the house," Negroes point out, still weigh said Burton, referring to a call Niccum made to the Burton home against them. They point out, too, that the the day he was shipped to the Infederal government apparently ig- diana State Prison at Michigan nored the case even though there City, Ind., in which he offered the was a clear issue of kidnap in- family his condolences and asked volved in that 16-year-old Karen them to use their influence to Harris had been taken by Niccum get Karen to come to see him across state lines during the hor- before he left for prison. Even the County Prosectmor ror filled trip from here to Winand Judge Caine had issued a nemucca, Nev., where he was request to the family to let Karen captured after a nationwide alert come and talk to Niccum. Burton said. But the family decided had been issued. Mrs. Margaret Lee, sister of "not to let their niece have anyKaren's murdered father, said, " I thing to do with this." don't believe in capital punish- Secretary of the local chapter ment but I don't believe he should of the NAACP, Burton asked National NAACP headquarters for ever be allowed to get out. assistance in prosecuting Niccum " I F IT HAD been the other to the fullest extent of the law. way around (if Niccum had been BURTON FEELS that the FBI a Negro and his victims white) I know he wouldn't have gotten should prosecute Niccum under to jail. They would have given the Lindbergh kidnap law before the statute of limitations has exhim the rope." pired. The national NAACP legal Niccum was given life imprison- department is reportedly investiment by Judge Robert T. Caine gating the case. despite the fact that he had asked When a mob in 1930 lynched to be put to death. He bright- two Negroes in the town square ened when told of his parole pos- here before the men had even sibilities and even discussed plans come to trial, the Mayor was then for the future. 28 years old. Herman Burton, one of the Edwards, who in 1963—33 years brothers of Karen's slain mother, later—is still the Mayor, said " I told Muhammad Speaks that he don't believe anybody is satisfied was dissatisfied with Niccum's with the sentence." sentence. The sentence, however, is now a "This is a democratic form of matter of record, as is the dougovernment and he is entitled to ble lynching that hot summer a fair trial," said Burton. night back in 1930 which took the "But when a man has done as life of Karen's cousin. (Continued from Page 5)

Down 7 Portuguese Planes CONAKRY, Guinea (ANP) — of the year. Guerrilla fighters in Portuguese African nationalists based in Guinea, territory neighboring in- Casablanca, M o r o c c o , also dependent Guinea, say they shot claimed that they controlled down seven Portuguese fighter "the main road leading south" and reconnaissance planes in and dominated "vast zones" of two engagements in February. the 13,944-square-mile co 1 o n y, A rebel communique which sandwiched between Guinea and reached Conakry March 12, said Senegal. 350 Portuguese soldiers were The Portuguese government killed or wounded since the first denied the claims. ST 3-1113 ST 3-1 114 MATERRE BROS. Paint & W a l l p a p e r Co. FREE DEtlVERY - CUT RATES 422 E. 71st STREET CHICAGO 19, ILL.

THE BURTON BROTHERS (from left) Robert, Fred and Herman, are uncles of Karen Harris, whose parents were murdered by white "Bible student" David Byron Niccum. Fred Burton (center), has been appointed Karen's legal guardian. The brothers are standing alongside a delivery truck used in their Burton Brothers Cleaning business in Marion, Ind.

Karen

Harris'

Desperate

Sfary Hours

(Continued from Page 5)

of With

ether times he talked to me like I was his lover. "On Sunday night he stopped at another motel and the same thing happened. That Monday morning he told me we had to leave the car as he had run out of money. It was then that the police stopped him." Niccum had forced Karen to accompany him on a flight toward California but he was captured in Winnemucca, Nev., after a nationwide alert was issued.

route the whole time," Karen said. "Thursday night he stopped at a drive-in and got food. Then he drove all that night and all day Friday. "Friday evening he stopped at a motel and when he got me in the room he assaulted me and kept repeating things like ' I love you.' and ' I need you.' I was too afraid-to try to get away. I knew ONLY AFTER his capture did he still had the gun and I knew he would use it again if I tried Karen learn that he had killed her mother and aunt In addition that. to slaying her father. "SATURDAY, about nine in the Niccum said he made his guilty morning he forced me to get plea and asked for the death senback into the car and drove all tence "to spare dragging Karen day before stopping at another through all this." motel where he again assaulted Karen says that she is not satme. isfied with the life sentence Nic" I was so afraid. It seemed he cum received only a tew days might kill me at times and at ago. asserting, " I don't think he

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got the kind of sentence he deserved. They were too lenient." Meanwhile, she plans to enter college and study nursing. "NONE OF MY schoolmates have shown undue curiosity nor have they been malicious. They have been wonderful," she observed. On marriage, she said: " I do hope to get married some day but not too soon. Then I'd like to have at least two children."

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ST. LOUIS (ANP)—Mrs. Mary Harper has been elected president of District, 3, Missouri State Nurses Association. She is the first Negro to hold that job. Mrs. Harper is a doctoral student at St. Louis University. She succeeds Mrs. Marilyn Rubin, elected to the association's district Board of Directors.

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A P R I L 15, 1963

M U H A M M A D

SPEAKS

Science and Medicine

T U S K E G E E I N S T I T U T E , A l a . — A tissue c u l t u r e research p r o j e c t b e i n g c o n d u c t e d at Tuskegee Institute m a y lead to the spectacular possibility o f freezing a m a n a n d m o v i n g h i m f r o m one p e r i o d i n t i m e t o a n o t h e r — p e r h a p s 100 years o r m o r e l a t e r — w i t h o u t damage or aging. The project, involving ex' perimentation with mammal-1 dwarfs the original faculty and ian cells, may help to open the student body of 40 with its present way to man's conquering of 2,300 student population and a faculty in excess of 100, averaging space and time. one instructor for e v e r y 20 Deep in the white suprem- students. acy land of Alabama, a state THE EMPHASIS now is on such where rampant racists have lynched 299 Negroes, this seg- academic subjects as elementary education, sociology, biology, poregated Negro school is tack- litical science, medicine, etc. ling a scientific program of a The research in tissue culture, magnitude to stagger the carried out to its logical conimagination w i t h its potential clusion, will make it possible to benefit to mankind. freeze a man alive, store him for any period of time, thaw IN FACT, the metamorphosis him out and return him to h i | taking place on the campus of natural activities, without cell, Tuskegee Institute—on land which tissue or glandular damage. white bigots tried to gerrymanSupervising this and other vital der in a way to render inconsequential the votes of its Negro projects is the Carver Foundaresidents—would stagger the con- tion, established from the life savsiderable imaginations of the ings of its chemist namesake and school's illustrious Negro found- the only organization at a Negro er, Booker T. Washington, an ex- institution devoted to research in slave, and its most famous fac- the natural sciences, with underulty member and one of the standable emphasis on chemistry. woild's top scientists, Dr. George Now directing this foundation, which is sponsoring so much vital Washington Carver. research, is Dr. H. K. Mason. If Washington and Carver could This is the Tuskegee Institute roam the campus today, they DR. H . K. MASON, director of would be amazed at the growth of today—with modern facilities the Carver Foundation, which and expansion of the c o l l e g e and keeping abreast of ihe times, is supervising research in tis- which one established and the just as it came alive with a proj other made world famous. It gram tailored to 1880s. sue culture.

CULTURE BOTTLES Of mammalian ceHs are being prepared here by Mrs. E. D. Campbell, laboratory technician of the Carver Foundation at Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. Tissue culture research project at the Negro school may enable man to conquer age and time.

New York, Chicago Muslims Fight TB Scourge Struggle End Of

to Disease

Ghettos

In New Y o r k and Chicago, Muslims struck out last week at the scourge of tuberculosis, o n e of the diseases common to life in the ghettos of the great cities. Capt. Joseph X of New York told Muhammad Speaks t h a t nearly 1,000 Negro and white Harlemites secured free chest X-rays as members of Mosque No. 7 pitched in to help the New York City Department of Health and the city Tuberculosis and Health Association. IN CHICAGO, Muslim leaders attended a conference on tuberculosis at the South Shore hotel and later charted a program to help fight the tuberculosis menace. The six-hour New York operation was directed by Captain Joseph X, Minister Henry X and Sister Captain Clotelle X of the MGT-GCC, all of Muhammad's Mosque No. 7, in cooperation with Majorie A. Costa, field coordinator of the Harlem Tuberculosis Casefinding Project. CAPTAIN JOSEPH X of the FOI, Muhammad Mosque No. 7 CREWS OF NINE Muslim sislooks over posters about the anti TB campaign with Miss Mar- ters, at tables set-up In the lobby jorie A . Costa, field coordinator of the Harlem Tuberculosis of the building housing the HarCasefinding Project. lem Mosque, filled out registra-

CHICAGO COMMUNITY leaders attend conference on tuberculosis at the South Shore hotel. A t left (front) is John A l i , national secretary of Muhammad's Mosques of Islam. tion forms for people at a rate of over 100 per hour. THE FRUIT OF ISLAM encouraged Negro, Puerto Rican and white passersby to get the free chest X-rays, directed them to the application station and then escorted them to the mobile unit parked in front of the building where the X-ray crew took over. TB STATISTICS for 1961 reveal that there were 6,842 persons with known active tuberculosis in New York City, or an average of less than one case (0.87) per 1,000 population.

However, in Central Harlem the known prevalence rate was 4.24 per 1,000 population, or almost five times that prevailing in the city as a whole. The statistics for 1962 were not yet available but experts anticipate that the statistics will still show an alarming known prevalence rate of TB in Harlem. Miss Costa, who directs the Harlem project to combat TB, praised the members of Muhammad's Mosque No. 7 for their efforts in helping their neighbors in a true community spirit.

M U H A M M A D

SPEAKS

A P R I L 15, 1963

Prayer Service In Islam (The following is a continuation of the special prayer in Islam prepared by the Messenger of Allah and which appeared in our last issue.) T H E MECCANS were not enslaved to any physical king and people -only to false belief. But remember that prophecy ''like unto me." The man had to he one who received a revelation or guidance from Allah to physically liberate a people from the physical holding of a superior force or ruler. He must fight with this particular ruling class to release his people—like Moses. Then, he must give them their own religion, teach them the knowledge of the true God (Allah) and His true religion. Islam. And set up a completely new religious service never known to his people before. He must overcome them with nothing hut the T r u t h and the power and guidance of Allah as Moses did with Pharaoh and his well-armed army. Because he is not in a position to arm himself and his followers w i t h carnal weapons. For t h e enemy controls the manufacture of arms. He must he one like Moses, dependent upon Allah for the victory over his enemy. Here he shows forth, in a k i n d , where : Allah has not been w'orshipped and where Islam has ' not been accepted as the true religion, the power of Allah —Ly letting Allah fight his and his people's battle against their wicked oppressors. T H I S IS T H E true type of man like Moses. It you study the prophecy concerning the hast Messenger of God, accord- | ing to the description given to the man by the Bible's prophecy in the Torah and Gospel, you will find that he is j a man. according to the Psalms, with a name as " M u h a m mad" and also you will find him in the Revelations under ! the symbolical name "Lamb." He gets the name (Praised) | from the honor of the "twenty-four elders" or Islamic j Scientists. The position that he is shown under, the symbolical " L a m b " in Revelations, is like the Holy Qur- an's | teaching of one who is illiterate and that the people w i l l find written down in the Torah and the Gospel. (The hook of | Isaiah the parables of Jesus.)

This is the man the above prayer is made for becau he. as one of the Islamic writers says, w i l l he born among t infidels. The revelations of the Bible symbolically plac For f a r t h e r information, him in the midst of "four beasts." Therefore, prayer must Dear Sir: I am cognizant of the fact thai please contact Mr. Eddie Burhe made for his protection among a people w i t h o u t the teachings of Islam. Xot a country where there was never any j! all areas of this nation which dis. 3T33 Rio Linda Blvd.. Sacformer prophets of Allah been risen and had set up signs have large concentrations of Ne- ramento 38, Calif., or call WA 5-9593. of the future greatness of Islam as Arabia in the time of gro populations suffer because of —Eddie L. Burdix • a shortage of Negro doctors. -Muhammad. The signs of the future of Islam and its last Messenger, Abraham, had already set up in the Holy C i t y ! However, I feel that there are ON NATURAL HAIR' j many Negro physicians who are Mecca: Muhammad did not destroy these signs, but r a t h e r '' interested in moving from one Dear Sir: he repaired the As I am one of the "a-la;n to live i ! area to another — perhaps for 1 reasons which they alone deem natural" hairstyle Sisters. I had to write and tell you the treimportant. Bearing this in mind, I respect- mendous boost my courage and fully request that you publish as self-esteem received when I saw much of this message as possi- your center-spread in the Feb' ble to serve as information to ruary 4 edition of the paper. AFRICA RISING Just as the article stated: we any doctor who may be thinking of moving, but wonders what: dress first to please our men, T h e Bald Eagle sets a nest and if more husbands, brothers. areas to consider. of rotted eggs HERE IX the community of As the L i o n o f Judah laughs. Del Paso Heights. Calif., which is now a part of the incorporated : T h e U n i o n Jack flies half mast area of Sacramento, the capital: [city, we have been blessed with as she sinks into an ebon sea the services of two Negro doctors clutched in that might out-stretched hand. for the past several years. j One of our doctors, who has John B u l l struts de-horned practiced medicine here for the visioning glories o f days gone by past two and one-half years, is! preparing to leave in June of this as termites feast on I d D o w n i n g Street year. His decision to leave is not and the Mistress o f the Seas, become a madame. based on the lack of patronage. I but on his desire to specialize E m e r g i n g f r o m a structured labyrinth rather than practice general med; icine. stands the Crowning Jewel: Africa His office space becomes availbruised only f r o m carrying the cross. able in June. Any doctor who is licensed in the state of California A l l a h ' s proclamation o f peace will find a potential here equal destructs Talleyrand's sculptured domain to that anywhere else. for hyenas never keep their spoils. DEL PASO Heights is a growing, integrated neighborhood. The j T h e Bear sharpens his scythe and sickle to employment situation here is sufremove myths from the minds o f man ficiently stable. There will be' only cne Negro physician in this as ancient ghost rise in darkest Africa part of Sacramento when the oth-: to transcend years o f Polished W i t c h c r a f t er doctor departs. The economic to give meaning to ancient truths. trend, here in the state's second fastest-growing county, is on the ; — W a l d o Phillips upgrade. 1

Del

Poetry

Corner

Paso

Needs

Negro

E d i t o r

Doctor sms. nephews, and grandfathers expressed their pleasure at seeing our natural beauty, I believe we would have more women wearing this look. In addition, as black women we must wake up to the realization that we are doing ourselves a disservice when we attempt to achieve beauty by copying people who are the exact opposite of us. Maybe now you will have a "real" natural beauty in your "Personality Portrait." Let us start being jamilum Sudan nisa'un. —Sister Betty I Prosess Hughes

"Uncle Tom Goes to Africa

—from the Liberator

A P R I L 15, 1963

M U H A M M A D

Truth As A Guide (Continued from Page 1) their own to set upjtheir own independent way of life free from the dictation of Pharaoh and his people. Pharaoh feared the teachings of Moses (Qur-an 40:26) which was Islam, according to the. Holy Qur-an Chapter 4:163, 164, and according to the Bible. Exodus 8:27-32. Moses asked Pharaoh to allow them to go on a three-day journey into the wilderness to pray and sacrifice to J e h o v a h , but Pharaoh, also called a great dragon, would not let them goP H A R A O H desired to kill Moses and all Israel. He ordered the k i l l i n g of all boy babies of Israel; Herod ordered the same to r i d h i m self of Jesus. The great "red dragon" seeks to do the same. He stands before the woman to k i l l her child as soon as it is born. He was angry w i t h the woman and made war on the remnant of her seed (the followers). T h r o u g h o u t the Bible's Revelation of John, this dragon or serpent is mentioned as being an enemy to God and His Prophets and people. I N T H E 15TH verse of this chapter (12) under discussion the serpent casted out of his m o u t h water as a flood (propaganda) after the woman that he might cause her to be carried away by the flood. Allah (God) has made this symbolical teachings of the Bible easy to understand on His visit to us, and its true meanings fit the present Caucasian or European Christian white race. There are many Christian writers on this symbolical beast of the Revelation. I agree w i t h Pastor Russell arid Judge Ruthford, the founders of a religious organization here in America under the name "Jehovah Witnesses" that it represents the head of Christianity whose capitol is in Rome, Italy. The "beast" that the "dragon" gives power to is the government of America (the fourth symbol-

ical beast of Daniel 7:7-9). B O T H T H E B O O K of Daniel and the Revelations of John saw and described the fourth beast almost identically, and also the end of the beast is described the s a m e d e s t r o y e d by God w i t h fire. Both saw the beast w i t h a head w i t h ten horns which means ten independent powers attached or united to one great power. Nothing answers this description better than North and South America. North America is the head; C e n t r a l and South America w i t h her many little independent governments are the symbolical horns of N o r t h America. Daniel and the Revelations of John saw this fourth beast as a destroyer of human beings. Once the prey is in his power it is like being in a beast's mouth w i t h iron teeth. The beast is so well armed that Daniel says he looked terrible and dreadful. The ten horns shall hate the whore that the beast carried and supported and shall make her desolate and naked, and shall eat her flesh and burn her (the church) w i t h fire. (Rev. 17:16). C H A P T E R 18:2 and 3 tells why she should be destroyed and the fourth verse of the same chapter warns God's people {the so-called American Negroes) to come out of her that they take no part of her sins so that they receive none of her plagues. The so-called Negroes are a prey in the power of this government, and it is like being in the mouth of an angry savage beast that desires nothing better than to destroy and swallow the prey. Fear not so-called Negroes, fly to Allah for safety ! HURRY AND JOIN ONTO YOUR O W N K I N D ! T H E T I M E O F T H I S W O R L D IS AT HAND! WRITE TO: M U H A M M A D ' S MOSQUE NO. 2 5335 S. Greenwood Ave. Chicago 15, Illinois Elijah Muhammad, Messenger of Allah

SPEAKS

Negro Bank

Houston

A border-state governor declared flatly that "segregation must die" if the freedom of Americans is to survive. Speaking to 500 persons at the 11th annual brotherhood banquet of the Chicago Conference of Brotherhood, Gov. Bert T. Combs of Kentucky—the only Dixie state to pass civil rights legislation— said that " i f American freedom is to live, then all segregation must die." -THE KENTUCKY chief executive said, during his speech, that racial injustice' had caused Americans to "assume a mortgage on their freedom" at the beginning of their history. Governor Combs said decisions by the United States Supreme

Court outlawing segregation were "but interest payments." "We are still behind on the principal," he said, "in spite of our tremendous bank account of friendly harmony without conformity." COMBS RECEIVED a plaque citing him for providing opportunities for all Kentucky residents regardless of race, c r e e d or color. The governor spoke after nine persons and a bank were cited for contributions to race relations and brotherhood.

N E W FORCES I N A F R I C A Edited by W i l l i a m H . Lewis Public Affairs Press Washington, D.C., 1962 This book, in effect, is the record of a symposium on Africa held at Georgetown university last year. The 10 essayists give their viewpoints on the current political and social forces active on the African scene. Their subjects range from "Basic African Values" to "The Role of Islam in the Era of Nationalism," from "The Roots of Crisis in the Congo" to "Prospects for A United Maghrib." A fine reference. K A L E N A A N D SANA By Esma Rideout Booth David M c K a y Co., Inc. New Y o r k , 1962

HOUSTON, T e x a s (ANP) — Ground - breaking ceremonies were held recently for the Riverside National Bank, which, upon completion, will become Houston's first Negro organized and staffed financial institution in 46 years. The newly - organized Riverside bank replaces the old Orgen Bank, which went out of business in 1917. This is another of Mrs. Booth's short stories for children Riverside will be joined later by two other organizations, the and young adults who have an interest in Africa. I t is the Standard Savings and Loan As- story of a young African short-story writer, a bride-to-be, sociation and a life insurance and her prospective groom, a medical student. company being planned by NeT H E C E N T R A L T H E M E is woven around the couple's groes. Dr. Edward D. Irons, presi- ambition to serve their countrymen through their respective dent of Riverside, stressed the professions. The author, Mrs. Booth, moved from Castle importance of the institution in H i l l , Maine, to the Congo in 1930. She later moved to Kanene the community and the role it w i t h her husband, Dr. Booth, who is presently the Methodist will play in providing employ- bishop for the area. A fair story from an American white ment for qualified young Ne- woman's point of view. groes. " D R U M , " By K y l e OnstatL Dial Press, New York. Irons, a professor at Texas University, cited the case of a 502 pages. $5.95. young woman who was in one \Ye have here another novel about slaves and slavery by of his finance classes now employed as a maid in one of the the Southern author of "Mandingo," 1956. I n this book Kyle downtown banks — even though Onstatt tells the story of three generations of Negro slaves she is qualified to work in a from Africa to the sugar plantations of Cuba, and finally to different capacity. New Orleans and the slave breeding farm, Falconhurst. The b a n k has 178 stock- which was the setting for "Mandingo." holders. The directors of the bank are I William Thomas, Jr., chairman, of the board; Dr. Carl M. Carroll, Jr., vice chairman: Dr. | Irons, president; E d w a r d Till-1 P R E S I D E N T P H I L I B E R T T S I R A N A N A , Madagascar: mon, executive vice president; "The troubled situation which currently exists in Africa Lenthon B. Clark, cashier; Julius Carter, Charles Diggs, Dr.' is first of all the work of some ambitious persons, and i t is Jessie Gloster, D. L. Hill, Nor- necessarv that it be remedied as soon as possible. I f this man Houston, Max Kamin, Dr. goes on, people might think that we have no political maturJohn C. Madison, Prank Rollins, ity, which is not the case, at least in Madagascar . . ." H. W. Sewing, Herman WashM . G U Y T I R O L I E N , Director-General of Information, Niger : ington and A. M. Wickliff. " I t seems that only 10 or 12 years ago there was no television in Africa. Today, for our nearest neighbors, this Hike Portugal Taxes dream has become a reality. I t is thus possible that one day, The Angola and Mozambique television w i l l take the stage from radio in its tasks of i n revolts will mean new taxes for struction and education . . ." the Portuguese people d u r i n g 1963, according to a recent re- P R E S I D E N T L E O P O L D S E D A R SENGHOR, Seneg d port on the Portuguese budget, "Above all, I think that African unity must be centered i ANP i on Africa and not on Afro-Asia, and that is w h y we have not and never have participated i n the Afro-Asiatique conferences. We are not against Afro-Asian solidarity. W e are FREEDOM, for Afro-American splidarity, for the solidarity of Africa and of L a t i n America, but we think i t is necessary to begin by realizing African unity . . ." JUSTICE a n d

African Viewpoints

EQUALITY

Bias Must Die If Freedom To Live, Says Ky. Governor

WE MUST HAVE OR ELSE Would you like remciinlqg a permanent slave or being a permanent member of a soup line? Are you with us to get Freedom, Justice and Equality for the So-Called Negroes? PLEASE SEND US YOUR NAME ADDRESS

ZHy.

Zone. . . . State.

rvtuKarTvncid's Mosque No. 2 5335 S. Sreer.wooJ Avenue Chicago 15, Illinois o>4847 S. Woodlawn Avenue

P R E S I D E N T FRANCOIS T O M B A L B A Y E , Chad: " I t must be recognized that there exists some infantile sicknesses in independence. Fortunately, however, these sicknesses are not fatal. Every new independence is tempted by the demons of infatuation and pride, and the resulting giddiness can be dangerous to the happiness of the people . . .** P R E S I D E N T K W A M E N K R U M A H , Ghana: "We are interested i n the promotion of world peace and we must all strive hard to secure i t . W i t h o u t peace, we i n Africa cannot make progress in our development and future schemes for progress . . . " GEORGE I V A N S M I T H , Personal Representative in East, Central Africa of U N Secretary-General U T h a n t : "Africa will etch away artificial boundaries crdated byEuropean powers and develop a continental strength that has taken the United States into such a place of strength in world affairs . . ." T O M M B O Y A , Minister of Labor, Kenya : "Although Europeans may wish to have our black color, they cannot do so. Therefore they t r y to discredit everything black and everything African so that Africans may not be proud of their color — i n order to glorify the w h i t e color of the European . . ."

M U H A M M A D

The Biggest Got The Billions B E 9 H T FRANCE-$9, FR«NCE-S9.438.000.ii(iir 438,000,000 BRITAIN -38,713.200.000 ITALY-35.755,800.000 KOREA — 35.433.800,000 WEST GERMANY— 34,999.400,000 NATIONALIST CHINA — 34,428,300,000 INDIA-53.35?.000.000 TURKEY— 33,869.300,000 JAPAN -33.693,800.000 GREECE - 33.387,600.000 NETHERLANDS - 52,48: ,400.000 VIET NAM-32,441,700,000 YUGOSLAVIA - 32,396,900,000 BELGiUM-LUXEMBOURG-31,995,900.000 BRAZIL- 31,952,700.000 PAKISTAN-31,889,600,000 PHILIPPINES—$1,753,200,000 SPAIN-SI.7(1.300,000 I MOO-CHINA REGION-3i,535,<00,000 B i IRAN—$1,310,200,000 • AUSTRIA-SI, 173,800.000 H NORWAY—31,140.800,000 • 0ENMARK — 5905,600,000 | ISRAEL-3877,700,000 • MEXICO—3766,300,000 | THAILANO-3753,900,000 | CHILE-3737,800,000 | INDONESIA—3670,000,000 | ARGENTINA-3640,500,000 j U.A.R. (EGYPT)-5828,600,000 V | POLAND-3522,300,000 PORTUGAL-348S.700,000 PERU-3470 700,000 LAOS—8401.000,000 • COLOMBIA-S403,500.000\ • MOROCCO-3352,000,000^ | JORDAN — 5349,300,000 \ • CAMBODIA-3334,500,000 | TUNISIA—$293,300,000 | VENEZUELA — 5273,800,000 | BOLIVIA-3258,400,000 | AFGHANISTAN-3219,600,001 | LIBYA—3191,700,000 s. | ETHIOPIA —3185,300,000 \ | GUATEMALA —3162,6017000 I GNANA-3158,500,000 V | IRELAND - 3146,200,000 | ECUAD0R-3138,300,000^ j LIBERIA-Si31,500,000 V | WEST BERLIN—$131,000,000 | SWEDEN-SI08,000,000 I HAITI-5100,800.000 | PANAMA-3100,800,000 I BURMA-395,400,000 V | CONGO (BRAZZAVILLE) —394,600,000V j COSTA RICA—308,900,000 j LEBANON—809,000,000 \ / jURUGUAY-368,200,000 ICETLON-878,700,000 j SYRIA—375.809,000 j ICELAND —$70,200,000 j NICARAGUA —368.900,000 j IRAQ -367,700,000 \ j SUDAN-365,000,000 V j PARAGUAY—$59,300,000 j CUBA —3S2.IOO.000 j NEPAL — $48,400,000 I SAUDI ARABIA-346,600,000 j DOMINICAN REPUBLIC—$45,400,000 [HONDURAS-345,300,000 . "f»IGERIJU-343,600,000 V I EL SALVADOR-340,700,000 v I RHODESIA-NYASALAND-336,100,000 V j INDUS BASIN—$33,800,000 j HONG KON0 - 330,499,000 . j CENTO—327,400,000 . j SOMALI — 327,400,000 V |MALAYA-523,200,000 v j YEMEN —322,900,000 V j WEST INDIES—$22,500,000 I KENYA-318,500,000 \ r j TANGANYIKA-SI7,600,00O\f jCYPRUS-316,900,000 j CAMEROON-315,600.000 V j ALGERIA —$15,000,000 V j GUINEA-SI4.300.000 N j JAMAICA — 38,800,000 . j MALI-30,100,000 V v I RWANDA-BURUNDI-36,100,000 V j TOCOLANO-35,800,000N j DAHOMEY-35,600,000 \ |U0ANDA-35,2OO,0O0Uy I SENEGAL-34,800,000 \ j IVORY COAST-S4.600.00oV I BRITISH GUIANA-33,500.000 j SIERRA LEONE-33,500,000 V j SURINAM —33,400,000 j NIGER-33j00,000 \ j UPPER VOLTA-S3,2OO,0O0V j BRITISH HONDURAS-32,400,000 I SEATO—$1,800,000 >. j MAURITANIA —SI,600,000V |MALAGASY-SI,300,000 \ I GABON —3500.GOON/ I CHA0 - 3400,000 N/ V/ I CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC-3200,000 V j ZANZIBAR-Sl00,00o"\ THIS CHART shows the amount of foreign aid billions and where they were distributed in the 17 years from July 1, 1945, through June 30, 1962.

SPEAKS

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For Meet in A f r i c a C A I R O — Akbar Muhammad, MS Foreign and African correspondent, was set here this week to cover the critical conference of African states scheduled for Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, early in May, Mr. Muhammad, a student at | Egypt's famed Al-Azhar UniverI sity, has spent some two years on the African continent and will provide MS readers with one of , the first candid reports of a topj level conference to be given any I non-white newspaper in America. HELD IN the midst of an impending show-down struggle be- WITH A N EDUCATION which began at the University of ; tween many of the newly inde- islam under such international Islamic leaders as Jamil Diab pendent African nations and the (right foreground) of Jerusalem, Akbar Muhammad (left : still-strong colonial powers, the front) along with Wallace Muhammad (right front) two of the six sons of the Honorable Elijah Muhammad, founder of Muhammad's Mosque of Islam, have continued their educational and spiritual development. Now at the University of Ai-Azhar in Cairo, Egypt, Akbar studied at Chicago's DePaul university, and Bryant and Stratton before going to complete his studies in islamic jurisprudence and political science at the university. SEE ever/thing on on a short leave from Al-Azhar. W TELEVISION Islam jurispruMAJORING in thrilling :al science, Mr. become one of Ml MM M M tm NrsbI^N *n

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AT THE G H A N A Child Care Center, women study child care and pre-primary education through UNESCO Technical Assistance. A UNESCO expert from Norway is in charge of the center and directs the Ghanian nurses in training.

New Power For Peace As World Grows Smaller

By Chas. P. H o w a r d ,

l i o n people lost their lives in W o r l d W a r I . Twenty-six m i l l i o n people lost t h e i r lives i n Sr. W o r l d W a r I I .

(HNS) U N and Foreign Correspondent Second jn a series on United Nations Agencies U N I T E D NATIONS, N.Y. ( H N S ) — T h e world cannot stand another war. Eight and

a half mil-

b omhs and other n e w weapons of destruction now available, and w i t h new ones constantly u n-d e r development, another war might destroy humanity. Throughout history, men's ignorance of others* ways and lives has been reflected in prejudice, suspicion and mistrust — attitudes which have

been the basis tor auterences which led to war among the peoples of the world. I G N O R A N C E and misunstanding can still lead to dangerous friction. P o i n t s of conflict are not always political. They are o f t e n racial, economic or cultural. Any effort to achieve lasting peace must begin w i t h an understanding of all factors producing tensions and must seek to eliminate these factors. The United Nations Educational. Scientific and Cultural Organization — UNESCO —

UNESCO HAS SENT 20 experts to help with teaching and organizational work in Bombay, India. This is the library at the Indian Ins - f Technology in Bombay.

was born from time of war. I t arose out of the Second World War and out of the conviction that " i t is in the minds of men that the defenses of peaie must be constructed." Of all the s p e c i a l i z e d agencies of the United Nations, UNESCO is, in a sense, the least specialized. Its activities cover the immense and widely varied fields of education, s c i e n c e and culture throughout the world. Here we deal primarily w i t h the suhject of education in Africa. M A I N S P R I N G of the work now being carried out in Africa by UNESCO is an i n tensive program to develop African education. This program has been described by UNESCO officials as the most ambitious undertaking in the organization's 15-year history.

Other UNESCO - organized c o n f e r e n c e s on education have brought out an urgent need for revising textbooks and procedures used in A f r i can schools. For example, under colonialism, those fe\y Africans who did go to government or mission schools learned more about the history and culture of their colonial masters than they learned about themselves and their A f r i c a n neighbors. NOW A F R I C A N educators are revamping the educational system and setting up programs that w i l l teach student"- from first grade up about their own society and about their nations' contributions to world culture. T h e s e educational programs in Africa (as well as throughout the rest of the world) came about when ministers of education of the A l -

The program was drawn up on the basis of an assessment A i e d Governments held meet ings during 1942-45 in London of Africa's needs outlined by ministers and directors of to consider the problems of education from African coun- education and what postwar tries who attended a meeting international action could be organized by UNESCO and taken to rehabilitate the eduthe U N Economic Commis- cational system in occupied sion for Africa in Addis and war devastated areas. Out of these conferences Ababa, i n May, 1961. sprang the idea of extending There, educators took note the Institute of Intercultural of the fact that some 17 m i l Co-operation of the League lion children are currently of Nations into a wider interenrolled in secondary schools national organization whose and that an estimated 100 (Continued on Page 12) million adults are illiterate.

M U H A M M A D

SPEAKS

achinery for

fie Biggest Cultural Exchange (Continued from Page 11) a i m would be "to contribute to peace and security by p r o m o t i n g collaboration among n a t i o n s through education, science and culture i n order to further universal respect for justice, for the rule of law and for the human rights and fundamental freedoms." UNESCO is -directed and managed by an Executive Board of 24 members w h o meet at least twice a year. I t is responsible for prepari n g the agenda for the General Conference, for supervising the execution -of the program voted by the conference, and for recommending admission of new Member States. The secretariat consists of approximately 420 p r o f e s sional members plus office personnel numbering 575 persons, recruited from member _ states. I n addition, some 80 persons are employed i n field offices, plus technical assistance experts, about 400 of whom receive contracts annually for m i s s i o n assignments.

ELECTRICITY is studied by a young man in Fort-Lamy, Chad. UNESCO'S intensive program to develop African education has been described as the most ambitious undertaking in the organization's 15-year history.

T H E DIRECTOR GENE R A L of UNESCO is M r . Rene Maheu of France. He has been in office since 1961. The spending budget for 1959-60 was $25,970,000 as compared w i t h $22,680,000 for the previous t w o years. A t the local level member states have set up national c o m m i s s i o n s to run the L XESCO operation w i t h i n t h e i r respective countries. The national commission is made up of representatives of the government and national institutions and organizations interested in educational, scientific and cultural matters. The purpose of these commissions is to integrate individual efforts in member states w i t h the w o r k of U N E S C O ; to advise governments and delegations; to carry out liaison activities and to function as outlets of information. UNESCO finds Africa a fertile field for operation. I n spite of some improvement i n

Y O U N G GIRLS and boys are instructed in the cK the situation, half of the world's population remains unable to read and w r i t e , and there are s t i l l 200 million children of school age for w h o m no schools exist. Africa's quota o f this deficit is on the high side. I n the field of education, therefore, UNESCO's p r i m a r y concern in Africa is both t o fight i l literacy and to extend and improve school teaching. Even more than in the past, when well-meaning people talk of Africa, they lament the illiteracy which they seem to regard as a sort of i l l ness. But, all the same, how have these people managed to exist for centuries w i t h o u t an alphabet ? .Some o f the esthetic forms in which these cultures found

— and still find — have been fairly well for some years past, ly culture and m u s i c bronzes, the masks statues which are to be fi in a number of Europear seums, the dances and s which have lately been re nized outside Africa — t cannot be fully appreciat they are separated from organic whole o f which are but one expression This whole is the tional African society in its beliefs and cone of the world, in its worl^ amusements, provided members w i t h the k n o w | which they needed and \y gave their life—linked ' the life of the soil—itsand deep meaning.

M U H A M M A D

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A TEACHER, M . N . Mikem, plays for his family a t a mission in Togo, West Africa. Africc educators are setting up programs that will teach students about their own society and cu rural background. cant social, industrial and cultural differences between

influence marked tr.em. But. notwithstanding all these differences, every one of these countries is today involved in an extraordinary undertaking —the provision of a full education to hundreds of thousands of children whose fathers never so much as saw a school.

geing, in Abidjan, Ivory Coast. rsity |qualtether lantic h the on •iS of :ssenT soinite sas, on ms and was left eMvn-

one region persisted t h r o u g h out the years of adolescence, all formed a genuine education, as effective and as complete as was needed to equip the children for their adult existence w i t h i n the community. I n 1963 the face of Africa has changed, i t s r h y t h m has changed. W h e n dealing w i t h a number of different countries there is no single y a r d stick by which t o measure their dimensions, their resources and their history. A m o n g the nations of tropical Africa is the old empire of Ethiopia, and at the same time there are small t e r r i tories on the West coast w h i c h were carved out i n the cStrrse bf colonial partitions. Moreover, there are signifi-

N O W H E R E at any time has there been so rapid a change in the field of education. I n ten years the number of schools and pupils in certain regions has increased by 300 per cent. A t the end of the Second W o r l d W a r i t would have been hard to anticipate such a rate of increase—that an i n dependent Republic called Ghana would have more than 600,000 pupils at school in 1960; nor that there would be 130,000 school children in Senegal and Mali. Fifteen years ago, just as much astonishment w o u l d have been caused at the suggestion that Addis Ababa would possess a great university college and that the equipment of the l e c t u r e rooms, libraries and laboratories of the universities of Ibadan, Accra, Elizabethville, Leopoldville, Fourah Bay and Dakar w o u l d put a number of European cities to shame. Today, students at these African universities are hardly aware that their countries were not so long ago obliged to do without universities at all. No one is likely to be surprised on learning that there are currently 1 iz.cMJ noySTmi (Continued on Page 14)

A N INSTRUCTOR explains The u&e of different household wares and shows a student how to set a rodent trap. Several modem schools for girls have been built in Ghana in recent years.

M U H A M M A D

SPEAKS

UNESCO, Born of War, Aid to Peace i Continued from Page 13)

no less considerable each country.

within

The development of educagirls in Xigj r-isin secondary tion is never an isolated schools and . • acher-trairiihg event. I t is closely linked schools, tlia' l.fjpO secondary w i t h social, economic and school pupils entered sixth political progress. UNESCO classes last year in Guinea has long since demonstrated and there ; : ' t 20.000 secondary pupils in Madagascar. this i n Africa and Asia. One of The reasons which Rut what-- is noteworthy is that most ot these schools have impelled the countries of Africa to call on UNESCO is were no more than ideas or the desire to avoid the dis- YOUNGSTERS STUDY ART during class at Accra, Ghana, Academy Secondary School f j dreams a generation ago. Boys. Ih ten years, the number of schools and pupils in certain areas of Africa has increasj persal of effort with its ac300 percent. companying danger of waste. DISCUSSION of o t h e r They know that UNESCO areas in Africa will disclose comparable steps forward, in is in a position to provide A t l a n t a U. to Offer DISCOUNT if Membership Cord DISCOUNT, continuing assistance, to supeducation. How ever, the counPhone 829 9488 - 570O W. Georgia Ave.. N-W — Washington, D.C. Open 8 A.Mj ply them with substantial re- Ph.D. Courses in Fall to 11 P.M. Monday thru Saturday — Sunday: 9 A.M.- to 10 P.M. tries of tropical Africa may sources in staff and equipATLANTA i ANP) — Dr. Rufus THE NATION'S SUPER MARKET & BAKERS define their problem in the ment and that it can also E. Clement, president of Atlanta Kosher Meats, Squab, Groceries, Produce, Etc same terms, but the)- are far contribute to the founding University, has announced that . qB)iwfi»nring in September. 1963. from being able to solve them in the l a m e way, in the same time or with the same facil- find necessarv. ities. Inequality is considerThe Fern able between regions and is BEAUTY SALON Where "CAR E OF THE HAiR H & A GENERAL is a byword Hair Shaped. Brushed end Cendttieeet TRUCKING Specializing in Relax ert Jq sell and distribute Conway Soap Products. We manufactl EXPERTLY HANDLED by DELIVERY SERVICE Call or Come in AD 4-1 !0C CHAS. (18X) (DAN) 24 HOUR SERVICE a complete line of Soaps, Waxes, Disinfectants for Housed/ 738 ST. NICHOLAS AVE. WALKER ROBERTS BROTHER ALFRED SISTER HATTtt New York 31, New York Janitorial and Wash Rack Supplies.

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By Sylvester Leaks The pantheones of the world contain many great epic dramas. Every country in the assembly of nations may boast of its remarkable and illustrous. England: The Industrial! Revolution. France : The Na- 1, ! y - a n o t h f b o o k d e a l i n g w i t h \ h a t . - , , i n i human drama and stirring hispoleomc Code and the R e v o l u - | t o r y i s a l w a y s w e l c o m e d S u c h tion of 1789. Russia: Its great j b 0 0 k i s BEFORE THE MAYliterature and music. But \ FLOWER, when the grim and irrepressible-drama of the Hack man in THE LAYMAN will find this America is known to the | ° n e o f t h e . m o s t absorbing and world, and the meshed sieves rewarding books on Afro-American history, albeit in capsule of troubles and tribulations form. For the author not only which he filtered through to gives one the history SLAVE REVOLTS AND INSU R- away . with whatever weapon survive, it w i l l be acclaimed i folks• he makes you live it with RECTIONS, NEGROES IN THE was available one of the greate -t of all epic j his sweeping simplicity and lyri- CIVIL WAR AND MISCEGENAThe black soldier turned the dramas. | cal style. A most difficult feat TION IN AMERICA. tide in the Civil War. along with his b l a c k brothers who dug For the Afro-American is a to achieve, indeed. These ohapters deserve careful trenches, built forts, served as unique phenomenon in all the SO WOULD mor histories of the world. welcomed on the Great Zimbawe reading and sober contemplation, spies and so on; The white man. eh smelt- For what • Emerges out of these: including many white women, Never has a p. ople survived j Cities, the people have always favored "integrae< iy with such awesome power and j ^ on and mad tion" at night and segregation byoverwhelming o d d s employed | ° r five hundred day. against them. Yet. :t is one of Rhodesia. the cohtrary. have always reIT IS GRATIFYING that the the great unknown stories to the The author r i f s to the occas- sisted enslavement, with guns, black man. himself. Consequent- sion. however, in the chapters on with fire, with their feet 'running author did not. like too mahy of our banana - back and mealymouth historians, fall prey to the

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A P R I L 15, 1963

Housewives and Hats The m o v e initiated h e r e b y N e g r o housew i v e s to p r o m o t e a m a r k e t for their o r i g i n a l a n d fabulous hat collection h a s s h a k e n the m a j o r commercial hatmakers in the M i d w e s t . Under the title of the "Nan Osborne Millinery School," Chicago, the t a l e n t e d and imaginative housewives produced a startling array of chapeaux for a small-budget spring showing at a local Baptist church, pronounced by professionals and visitors as the most unusual event of its kind. STUNNING hat and h u g e Founder and director of heart-shaped bag of glamorthis school is Mississippi-born ous black straw are modeled Xan Osborne, who prefers to by Mabel Norfleet. think of the venture as a MODELING fabulous and chic hats designed and created by "hcbbycraft social club." ly and treacherously took from students of Nan Osborne Millinery School are (left to right), another people on the one hand "Most of these iadies have been Mary Yarns, Elsie Barnes, Mabel Norfleet and Clydie Spencer. and on the other hand unjustly coming here since we started 10 •yee -s ago," she says. organized the most fierce Slave Trade in history by sacrificing S.;e holds classes one night a the lives of our people to perweek for each of three groups petual slavery in over 400 years anc her student-housewives have of mastery over the black man concerted leisure time into a useand woman. The white race long ful, budget-saving and moneyBy T Y N N E T T A D E A N A R ago has proved that it never inraising hobby. As time passes by, the people of the world are steadily tended to be our friend. Under the tutelage of Mrs. Osborne, these ingenious women no and rapidly evolving into new patterns of associations THE BLACK people of Amerilonger buy hats, but create their which are the results of man's potential and desire to im- ca, who htm lull ii to heart the FOUNDER and president of prove his status and the status of others. For too long, own dream designs. teachings ::' living everybody Some of the hats sold at the the unique millinery school the world's peoples have been the unfortunate victims of -TZ~ titetr firmer ilivemsiers annual spring showings help de- bearing her name 4s Mrs. Ha* a ruler ship which has been called among other nam*., Imfray the cost of materials and Osborne, who also is the inperialism and Colonialism, backed, organized and exercised raise money for worthy causes. structor. by the white race. I —— Mrs. Osborne's two-fold ambiWhen the grievances and af- world's worst enemy of all time, tion is to stage a top-bracket, high Discussing ideas for the hats, Many of our people say that fashion hat show in her native she said "ideas come from ev- jflictions of the world's people are the white race. there is much in the teachings Jasper County, Miss., and teach erywhere"—cars, tables, flowers, jlaid open for all to examine, we We, as women of an enslaved hatmaking there — and she is anything that lends itself to the I find that the cause is being ex- people and nation, should be of the Honorable Elijah Muthat is of merit, but not the least daunted by the anti- subject and talents of the Nan cused by those who wish to as- ready and willing to discuss these hammad when it comes to discussing the Negro activities of the White Cit- Osborne Millinery School stu- sociate forever with the original problems in the open. What we fact what the white man is the— t r o u b l e maker of the Planet izens Councils. dents. want for ourselves should be root cause of our present plight Earth, the white race. All people of the earth who are what we want for our children and the cause of the present world's corruption, their enthusW o m a n Builds Clinic m o v i n g towards independence and their children to come. We should not be satisfied with iasm dies and is almost comare thinking in terms of improvpletely extinguished by the fear ing self and kind. The progress meager peace offerings granted and love they harbor for the of world events forces us to bear from a people who have built white man. witness that it is time for such their own nation and laid the All praise is due to Allah a course in the history of the groundwork of their own governblack man to be manifested. The ment on land that they merciless- that His will shall be done. so-called Negroes must become HEREFORD, Texas (ANP)—A a maternity clinic for migrant aware of the fact that they, too, ZELLOl'S CLEANERS Negro doctor who was graduated workers, spending several thou- are a part of this changing hisC R O O K ALTERATIONS from Howard University has been sand dollars of her own to build tory. F U N ERAL HOME Pick-l'p and Delner\ Serrtce honored as Hereford's citizen of the two-story clinic at a migrant WHILE MANY of our people: 4638 S. INDIANA AVENUE the year. 361 EAST 69th STREET labor camp here. The clinic was may seek to work with the white I STewart 3-9572 DRexel 3-6632 Dr. Lena Edwards, 62, was pre- opened last November, but Dr. man towards goals that will never J CHICAGO, ILLINOIS be permanently reached, the CHICAGO, ILLINOIS sented a plague at Hereford's 36th annual Chamber of Com- Edwards has been working more powerful voice of self-determina-: merce dinner for "distinguished than two years on the project. tion and independence will ultiShe was chosen citizen of the mately uproot the shallow voices and unselfish service" to the comyear by representatives of all and fruitless works of our people munity. Who want to integrate with the [ She gave up a practice to start Hereford civic clubs.

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A P R I L 15, 1963

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Life Bleak for r olombia Negroes This is the final installment of the two-part article on the experiences and analysis of Chicago school teacher, Miss Ethel Minor, who spent the past two years traveling through South American countries. Colombia is discussed in detail because Miss Minor said this country is "mentioned by U.S. representatives as being a 'democratic republic' and 'one of the most advanced Latin American countries.' " She paints a dismal picture of the plight of the black man in Colombia. By E T H E L MINOR Having been d o o m e d to AS SALAAM ALAIKUM, which means "Peace Be Unto You," is spelled out on the blackboard such a low standard of living.; for visitor Leroy McRae by tiny Roche Muhcmmad. McRae, candidate for Attorney Genand literally cut off from civileral of New York State and National Secretary of the Young Socialist Alliance, paused in ization, the Colombia black Chicago where he addressed students at Wilson Junior College and at the Muslim school. man has resorted to drinking, McRae declared that Negro organizations should unite and help bring about a society withfighting and dancing as a way out distinction or racial discrimination. Escorting McRae through the school were Minister of life. The white man in James Shabazz (left), Sister Christine Johnson, principal (2nd from left), end (at right) Colombia, having done his Sister Miriam Saunders, instructor. d a m a g e , stands back and laughs at the "Negro animal" pects of the show is that it pre—as our people are called by Reports Coiffure Trend: sents a variety of "au naturelle" white Colombians. coiffures that many fashion-ccr.Because of my light complexscious women did not know tion, Colombians always considexisted. ered me to be "white," and thus Miss Minor However. Alma Pryor. profesI was able to live among them sional model, reportedly said: "I quite comfortably, and enjoy the throughout the world were better think the styles are beautiful many pleasures and privileges off under the white man" was and there are some women wz: which are available for the white proven to be false. can wear them. The women witwhile finding the style attractive, Growing race pride and the fact Colombian, European or Ameri- I think that it would be safe wear these styles may like the can. From this experience, I to conclude that wherever you that many Negroes "are drawing feel that it wouldn't work for native hairdos, but in my line of most models." learned the truth of how they find our people living under the closer to their African heritage." "This view, of course," said work, it is doubtful if they would are credited with sparking the really feel about us. white man's rule and his Chris- trend toward the new African- the ANP report, "remains de- be acceptable." ANP reported that "a Negro MANY A COLOMBIAN "gen- tianity, you will find them down- type hair styles, according to a batable since many Negroes, men tleman" confided to me "that trodden, the victims of poverty,' report by the Associated Negro and women, are drawing closer woman who said she is a former employe of the Cook County Negro women were only good for and afflicted by extreme mental Press. to their African heritage." being prostitutes and maids." In confusion concerning their con"While American Negro women According to Cecil Braithwaite. Credit Bureau in downtown Chifor the most part continue to have director of the show—"Naturally cago, was allegedly released from the Colombian home where I dition. their hair straightened and wear '63"—is designed to dignify the her job as clerk because she wore lived, we had a black maid who her hair in natural style. didn't know how to tell time, CAN IT STILL be claimed by it in traditionally Western style." Negro image and present racial these few so-called successful standards which promote dignity, "In checking the bureau, this the report declared, "there is a answer the telephone, or wear charge was not confirmed." the shoes. In fact, she didn't even Negroes that we are better off growing trend toward the fuzzy class and pride. know she was a Colombian, or than our African brothers who new look called "au naturelle." ONE OF THE surprising as- report concluded. have the security of living in This development toward wearthat such a country existed. In spite of the low educational their own country and are now of most African women." has VISIT level of these people, and even becoming masters of their own, been endorsed by many glamorthough there were no schools for destiny? ous Negro women, including Abthem, I always found a church M u h a m m a d ' s Mosque No. 4 bey Lincoln, well-known song in every village, and hundreds N e w D a m for A f r i c a s t y l i s t and exponent of "au of them in the cities. Such is the Upper Volta is to construct one naturelle." 1 5 1 9 4th S T R E E T , N . W . low state of our people In the of the largest dams in West AfriA REVUE now touring the naW A S H I N G T O N 1, D . C . "democratic, Catholic country of ca in the Banfora area. The dam tion, featuring the new—but not Colombia," who made up about will be named fcr Begnon Kone, really new—hair style has evoked WEDNESDAY & FRIDAY - 8:00 P.M. 20-30 per cent of its population. president of the National Assem- controversy, "particularly among SUNDAYS - 2:00 P.M. some professional models who, EVEN MY MOST optimistic bly of Upper Volta.—(ANP). friends had to agree that our HEAR MR. MUHAMMAD SPEAK people's condition in Colombia FOAM CUSHION Station: WOOK - Sundays, 4:45 P.M. has not improved. What I found NOBODY BEATS in Colombia was also true in the REUPHOLSTERY other Latin Countries I visited, SOFA " CHAIR O U R PRICES with the possible exception of 9 5 J OR VALUES! 79 3995 Puerto Rico. Thus, the statement made earlier that "our people

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A P R I L 15, 1963

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By Jeremiah Shabazz Muhammad Speaks Correspondent N E W O R L E A N S , L a . — Down here in "darkest" Louisiana, where not a single President of the United States has ever ventured to oppose the Hitlerish suppression of the Negro population—a lone Negro is running for governor. In his opinion, his election would bring into Louisiana the first real governor before or since the assassination of Huey Long. I had breakfast with this black man who seeks to govern Louisiana not in some dim future but in the next six months. WE SAT DOWN in a segregated eating place, ordered grits and eggs and talked while drinking strong black coffee with chicory. He is 43 - year - old Earl J . Amedee, a New Orleans criminal lawyer, who has a program and a plan to "reconstruct the unreconstructed.'' "Some think I have as much| chance as a snowball in hc-."l Amedee said as his lips touched j the scalding coffee, "but I'll tell] you why I'm running. "All the other candidates are : segregationists and White Citizens' Council members. Neither

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the fair minded whites — and there are a few — nor the Negroes have a soul to represent them. "I'M SETTING an example. One day the p e o p l e in this state will realize how strong they are and they'll elect someone like me." I looked into his cup to make sure all he was drinking was black coffee. What is the main holdback against securing a victory this time, I asked. Earl J . Amedee "Three things: lethargy and apathy on the part of the Ne-"Negroes comprise more than groes and fear." he said. 35 per cent of the State's popuAsked what he considered his lation." biggest assets, Amedee said: He pointed out. however. :ui*.

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there were a total of 825,000 degrading slave state atmoswhites registered in the state as phere? opposed to only 175,000 regis"It could all be done in six tered Negroes. months time," says the criminal "IN CITIES like New Orleans lawyer. "A combined effort on the there are 269,000 Negroes but only 36.500 are registered to part of the Justice Department, vote," he said. "And what's Negro political, religious, social, worse. Negro registration has become static in the past two fraternal and civic organizations years. It's standing still, it's notalong with labor would do the moving up." job. "As for me," Amedee took a What's holding it back? Amedee pulled out a copy of sip of coffee, "I intend to spearLouisiana's voting requirements, head such a drive in the first as executed by one of the Par- six months of my campaign as ishes. It was full of tricky Governor." "Believe me, ifs got to come. clauses and artifices to block the And after I'm elected the first Negro registrant. Negro governor of Louisiana, I WHAT X L IT take and howpromise . . . " and he turned the long will it take to change this hot cup bottoms up.

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M U H A M M A D

A P R I L 15, 1963

Warn Negro Companies Workers

S P E A K S

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Will Shon Low Pay

W A S H I N G T O N — T h e low wages paid by Negro employers are driving away their best-trained employees—and gradually putting themselves out of business, two Congressman warned here last week. Rep. Charles C. Diggs (D.- be interested in these bills and Mich.) and Rep. Augustus Haw- do something about supporting kins (D.)Calif.i, both Negroes, them now. spoke at the meeting of the Capital Press Club here, making THE FRESHMAN Congressparticular references to newspa- man from California warned pers and insurance companies that Negroes must "do somein their indictment. thing a b o u t school dropouts" Congressman Diggs said that a n d obtaining employable skills. white firms are "raiding" Negro The two Congressmen gave businesses because Negro own- their views to the predominanters always keep their Negro personnel at the bottom of the salary scale. HE OBSERVED that Negro owners "live in the best communities, their wives wear minks —while those carrying the load are underpaid." He added that this was especially true in the newspaper and insurance businesses. He said a continuance of this practice will result in Negro businesses being "pushed, not off Main Street because we are not on it, but right out of the picture." Congressman Hawkins s a i d that Negro newspapers "have to give more space to bills which concern us all, but which are not necessarily sensational." He expressed concern about the current bills before the Congress having to do with the employment of youth and education. He said all Negroes should

Hits British Arms Exports To S. Africa

LONDON—Britain's Labor Party came out last week against all exports of arms to South Africa to be used in killing African freedom fighters. Speaking at a rally in Trafalgar Square here, Harold Wilson, leader of the opposition Labor Party, branded such arms as "weapons of oppression." The rally commemorated the o u t b r e a k of the Sharpeville (South Africa) massacre, when police of the segregationist government, on March 21, 1960, fired upon African demonstrators, k i l l i n g 67 and injuring twice as many. Diggs Hawkins Duma Nokwe. former secretary of the banned African Nal y Negro g r o u p s of Journalists tional Congress, toid the rally a n d public relations persons on a wide range of subjects, includ- that it "sometimes appears that ing their support of an amend- the British government is prement to the Hill - Burton Act pared to protect the one million which would eliminate the "sep- pounds 'S2.800.000i invested in arate but equal" clause in fed- South Africa at the expense of right and justice." eral support of the construction °f hospitals, They also were highly critical 2 9 States Nix Bias of those who have been making PIERRE, S.D. — One hundred headlines by attacking Congress- years after the signing of the Emancipation Proclamation, only man Adam Clayton Powell.

INVENTOR RUFUS STOKES explains blue prints of first smokeless incinerator to John Levra (left), public relations director, and Harold Hackney (right), president of 'A-Pod.' Model shown here is stationary, but incinerator comes in portable model also that should prove a boon to smog-filled municipalities. 29 states out of 50 have laws prohibiting racial or religious discrimination in public places. Gov. Archie Gubbrud last week signed into law such a bill, making South Dakota the 29th state to do so. ••' The act covers discrimination "by public conveyances, theaters or other public places of amuse-

ment, or by hotels, motels, barber shops, saloons, restaurants, or other places of refreshment, entertainment or accommodation." Violations are criminal offenses and punishable by fines up to S200. The act goes into effect on July X.

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Air Force pilot and Illinois Institute of Technology, chemistry and physics major, and Rufus Stokes, 40-year-old A l a b a m a born inventor, credited with developing and building the first smokeless incinerator. Harold Hackney, president of the company states that the incinerator, is expected to have wide distribution, particularly in cities afflicted with anti - smog laws.

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S P E A K S

A P R I L 15, 1963

Blast Kennedy on Bias in America, North and South A T L A N T A — T h e Kennedy Administration's philosophy of "tokenism" in the Negro's struggle for freedom has caused the "decline of Civil Rights as the Number One domestic issue" and will arrest progress rather than furf | j e r Jt These charges were hurled last the Negroes' fight for equality, week by Dr. M .. m Luther King charged that the lukewarm atin his third annual report on the titude of President Kennedy has battle for civil rights in America, drained the demand for progress In the feature article of the "of its moral imperative." Nation, widely read n a t i o n a l A direct consequence of this, magazine, Dr. King, a leader of said Dm: King, is the rise and

public acceptance of tokenism,'' which is the inevitable outgrowth of t h e Administration s design for dealing with discrimination. PRESIDENT of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, Dr. King said the Administration sought to demonstrate to Negroes that it has concern for them. while at the same time it has striven to avoid inflaming the opposition. "The time has come when the government must commit its immense r e s o u r c e s squarely on the side of the quest for freedom," he asserted. DECLARING that the South toJ . , , . .. day is not one whole, he pointed PRESIDENT KENNEDY, in his recent visit to Chicago was ly turned down in his attempt to o u t t h a t i t i s a l r e a d v s p l i t f i s . by student-pickets from Chicago-area colleges degain admission to the University s u r e d m Q t w o p a r t s ; Q n e rgreeted ea(jy of Mississippi, where James Mer- f o r extensive change, the other manding that he put an end to "all discrimination and segreedith is studying under U.S. troop opposed to anv but the most gation" by issuing an executive order "now." Demonstration, and marshal protection. t r i v i a l Orations. with 30 students, was called by the Negro History Club of GEORGE GREENE. 19. is an "The Administration should not Chicago's Roosevelt University. While the President stressed active voter registration worker seek to fashion policies for the H e s a i d t h e a u t o m o bfrom l l e latter," wrote Dr. King, the unemployment crisis in his speech, demonstrators pointed which the shots were fired fol-j "It should place its weight be- out that job jim crow plays a role in the crucial employment lowed him home. The blasts shat-lhind the dynamic South, encourtered a front door and window aging and facilitating its pro- picture. Scene is in front of Conrad Hilton. Picket with sign No one was injured, gressive development." is Allan Koss.

Bullets Fly, But Negroes Push Miss.. Vote Campaiqn ^r,rr-»n,ir,or,

GREENWOOD, M i s ? . — While white supremacists were shooting into Negro au tomobiles, homes and church es, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee an, . .c nounced that more than 400 'Negroes tried to register to vote here last month. MEANWHILE the campaign of terror conducted by white racists since 1961 was punctuated last week by shotgun blasts into the home here of Dewey Greene, Sr., whose two militant sons have angered segregationists. Dewey Greene, Jr., was recent-

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A P R I L 15, 1963

Famous

Tuskegee

S P E A K S

Report

How Many Negroes Lynched? person: Delaware 'one Negro lynched i and New Jersey (one Negro lynched). The causes of lynchings are not catalogued by race. Therefore, it is impossible to determine how many of the 1,937 TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE, Ala. wholesale and wanton killing of lynchings because of homicides —In the "land of the free and Negroes was 1892 when 161 Afro- were Negroes, but it is estithe home of the brave," killers Americans were riddled w i t h mated that the majority of these in the name of white supremacy, bullets, hanged to tree limbs, were whites, w h i l e the overusually in mobs, have lynched burned alive, dragged to death whelming majority of the other at least 3,442 Negroes and there's behind some vehicle, castrated were Negroes. no record of a single conviction and otherwise mutilated and torThe 11 "Confederate States" tured to death, many times in for the crimes. The figure, however, covers a carnival atmosphere, w i t h lynched most of the Negroes, o n l y the acknowledged mob- white women and men holding 3,026. These states — Alabama. directed lynchings, as recorded up their children so that no Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Caroby the Department of Records bestial act was missed. lina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Research at Tuskegee InstiOTHER YEARS in which 100 Texas and Virginia—killed 496 tute here. or more Negroes died at the Other sources conservatively hands of lynchers were 1894 — whites by lynching. More whites were lynched in IN MONROE, LA., Mrs. Daisy their Mosque by the city's pc estimate the true figure at more | 134: 1897—123; 1893—118; 1891 than 50,000, taking into account and 1895—113 each year; 1900— Texas, 141, than any other listed Bates, from Little Rock, Ark., lice, the subsequent trial c state. the i n n u m e r a b l e "disap- 106; 1901—105, and 1898—101. is shown appealing to a Negro which is still pending in th pearances," alleged "accidents," The so-called causes for these audience to step up campaign courts. Mrs. Bates achieved it the police murders listed in the known lynchings were hcmrcides, Hunger Stalks W o r l d to end oppression at a recent ternational reknown when sh b o o k s as "resisting arrest."; felonious assault, rape, attempt-: According to statistics, released Emancipation P r o c l a m a t i o n defied Gov. Faubus of Arkar lynchings mad§. "legal" by court; ed rape, robbery and theft, in ! by the Food and Agriculture decrees and simple direct kil- suit to white persons and a mis- Organization 1 FAO 1 . between 300 Anniversary held at Bethel sas and led the fight to safe Baptist Church. Monroe was guard Negro children attene* lings. cellaneous category, "all other to 500 million persons throughout The grim statistics recorded causes." the world are underfed, and 100 the scene of a brutal assault ing a formerly "white" hig by the Negro school, the only The greater number cf the to 150 million suffer from hunger against Muslims worshippers in school in Little Rock. American authority known to lynchings come under the "homi- or malnutrition (ANP> keep such nation-wide figures, cides" heading. Otherwise the: cover the 79-year period from leading cause is "all o t h e r ; A. L . BEAUD'HUY 1882 to 1961. causes," followed by rape and; Licensed Insurance Broker TO NOBODY'S surprise, Mis- attempted rape. "Insult to white FLOWERS TELEGRAPHED EVERYWHERE S P E C I A L I Z I N G IN sissippi is the leader in this persons" caused the least nummacabre listing with 538. Run- ber of lynchings. 164 West 116th Street (Near 7th Ave.) New York 26, N.Y. AUTO INSURANCE ners-up include Georgia, 491; THE RECORDS on the 43 214 WEST 145th STREET CALL MONUMENT 2-0641 Texas, 352; Louisiana, 335. and states also show that 1,294 whites NEW YORK CITY AU 3-1433 Alabama, 299. were victims of lynchers during There were seven years in this same 79-year span. Strangely which there were no k n o w n the six states where there were' SHABAZZCLEANERS lynchings of Negroes—1952-1954. no known lynchings of Negroes, If Your Hair Is Not Becoming to You . . . PICK UP AND DELIVER YOUR GARMENTS 1956-1958 and 1960. Oddly, there a total of 91 white persons were FORWEAL TERATION, DRY CLEANING AND PRESSING Y o u Should Be Coming to Us also were seven years in which murdered. Thirty-one whites were ALL BOROS only single lynchings were re- lynched in Arizona, while no WYANDANCH, N.Y. corded — 1945, 1947. 1948, 1950. Negro is listed. As a matter PROMPT, COURTEOUS - SATISFACTION GUARANTEED 1533 STRAIGHT PATH 255 Albany Ave. • Brooklyn, N.Y. GEORGE WALKER, Prop. 1951, 1959 and 1961. of fact, only two of the listed The survey does not cover states did not lynch a white PR 3-8649 seven s t a t e s : Connecticut. M a i n e , Massachusetts. New Hampshire, Rhode Island and our latest states, Alaska and Hawaii. Of the 43 states on the ELECTRICAL M E C H A N I C S Live and Mail Order records at Tuskegee Institute, in only six are their no known CONTACT MANORCRAFT GALLERY, INC. lynchings—Arizona, Idaho, Ne• ELECTRIC MOTORS • ELECTRICAL MACHINES 108 ROGERS AVENUE, BROOKLYN 16. NEW YORK m a 2-9007 vada, South Dakota, Vermont and • EXHAUST FANS, BLOWERS • WATER PUMPS Wisconsin. • LIGHT FIXTURES • WASHING MACHINES The "biggest" year for the • ELECTRIC FANS,

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A P R I L 15, 1965

o r No—

Negro

Students

SPEAKS

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W h i t e

Kentucky

L E X I N G T O N , Ky. — The University of Kentucky is being told bluntly by its white student body to start recruiting Negro athletes even if it means getting out of the jim crow-dominated Southeastern Conference.

volving white b i g o t s and United States marshals. M I S S I S S I P P I State, whose basketball team had to outrun an injunction in order to play against — and lose — t o the A n editorial in the Ken- letic director, had "no com- nation's Xo. 1 basketball powtucky Kernel, student news- ment" when contacted in er. Loyola of Chicago, w i t h paper, called upon the U . of Louisville, the Kentucky Ker- its four Xegroes and one K. to "live up t o its moral nel editorial pointed out that white player on the varsity obligations." and declared the Shively had said previously squad. Mississippi State twice students are "sick and tired" that the school did not bother before had "been pulled out of having- to live by the segre- to recruit Xegroes because of of the X C A A championship | its membership in the SEC. gation policy of the SEC. tourney because state law j Included among members prohibits Mississippi teams : The school has slipped almost into athletic oblivion 1 of the Southeastern xonter "•I from plaving against teams ... x- " 1 11 since i t was a basketball pow- ence are t w o Mississippi w i t h Xegro members. er a number of years ag_g, and colleges : Other member-schools of under _tlaa while's-'only credo U N I V E R S I T Y of Missis- the conference are Alabama, o»i|lflfft*oEfterence, it can look sippi, where the matriculation Louisiana State University, forward to continued sports of the first known Xegro, Georgia Tech. Georgia. F l o r - 1 anonymity. The e d i t o r i a l , James Meredith, set off a ida. Auburn. Tennessee. T u without saying so. acknowl- bloody riot on the campus i n - lane. Vanderhilt. edged the fact that the sinews of the American Xegro has kept this country among the World Cultural Affair top athletic powers of the world. S e n e g a l P l a n s T o H o s t 1st " I F T H E university is to AT HOME WITH THE WINNER—Larry Hawkins, who piloted live up to its moral obligaN e g r o A r tF e s t i v a l I n' 6 4 Chicago's Carver High School basketball team through an tions and make significant exciting and glorious season of achievement, relaxes at home. progress as a major instituD A K A R i ANP) — Senegalese of a long-time dream of the tion," the editorial said, " i t President Leopold Sedar-Senghor Senegalese President. His interest His Challengers, representing one of the smaller high schools, must divorce itself from the announced last week that his in holding this festival was in-racked up the Illinois high school championship and took the segregation p o l i c y which country will host the first Inter- creased by the success of the No. 1 spot in the Chicago Public League. Aware of the imdominates the Southeastern national Festival of Negro art. first and second Negro Writers' pact the Negro athlete has made on sports in this country, inferences held in Paris in 1956 Hawkins said "It's just a matter of time before we erase The festival, which will,be Conference." those jagged lines of discrimination stiB existing." The editorial flung down in Dakar, .Senegal's capita? 'WTS' •jEd in Rome. 1?58."~ take place during the spring of the gauntlet to university ofAccording to a Senegalese ~ pdeveloped by Aime f*i aiaiu ficials : F r ^ r c i W i n Ay-.ran r "Here and now. with"*'a :: rby Sergr.:.- a_=: a -. : ; . : withdrawal fr'om the SEC. o r i an announcement that we w i l l The festival, be said, will be gior. wfcici includes tie Sr-:r~ begin to recruit Xegro playthe crossroads and m e e t i n g ; tary of State for Cultural Afers by a certain date, we have place of Negro art and artists fairs Racine N'Diaye. one of the the golden opportunity to beCUBIC FOOT GAS ICE BOX !N PER. and will demonstrate to the world young intellectuals recently ap16 FAMILY HOUSE feet coad.Tion fcr sale. Reasonable. Best the contributions of Negroes to pointed to the Senegalese cabinet. come leaders. o'fer. Coil HEmlock 4-4286. Mr. John $10,000 CASH Hassan, Chicago, 111. " W E C A N stand up and tell > 16 FAMILY HOUSE $5,500 CASH the world that we, a South15 FAMILY HOUSE ern university, are sick and VISIT MUHAMMAD'S MOSQUE NO. 25 $0,000 CASH For Those Who Are Fussy tired of having a doctrine of 8 FAMILY HOUSE About Their Food, Visit racial inferiority r a m m e d 257 S. ORANGE AVE. NEWARK, N . J . $5,500 CASH down our throats." 24 FAMILY HOUSE WED. & FRI. 8:00 P.M. — SUNDAYS 2:00 P.M. NILE R E S T A U R A N T Though B e r n i e Shively, $9,500 CASH University of Kentuckv athSHABAZZ REALTY CO. 14? 5th ST. ELIZABETH, N.J. C A L L 622-9021 FOR COURTESY C A R 400 W 145lh St., N.Y. AU 1-2628 EL 4-9751 VISIT Our Selection Of Fine

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M U H A M M A D

15. 1963

The Price o f HEY, g O V / GIT AWAY FROM 7 W W H I T E WOMAN/

After 500

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S P E A K S

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SIR, THIS WOMAN IS GZAVELY 111/ " SHE WILL WE JFI DONT TREAT HI RIGHTA/OW/ I ' M A D O C T O R )

Years of

Oppression

Angola Freedom Fight May Be'Another Algeria' (Special to Muhammad Speaks) A L G I E R S — I t took Algeria seven long years of heroism and sacrifice to win human dignity and independence. Now Angola, pushing a bitter struggle to end five centuries of bloody misrule under the Portuguese, may become the first country to merit the description, "Another Algeria." The ranks of the Angolan unNow thousands of patriots are derground freedom fighters are undergoing training even inside growing with grimly determined Angola to prepare for a major Africans learning the use of mili- offensive. In command of the tary weapons and the techniques Angolan Liberation Army is Jose of guerilla warfare. Camundunga. a former officer of T H E F I G H T E R S cannot forget the Portuguese Army. how a fully-armed, modern force ANGOLANS H A V E DRAWN of 30,000 released by Dr. Salazar's some useful conclusions from the dictatorial regime "slaughtered first national flareup in their with barbaric ferocity" 50,000 country in 1961. Roberto Holden, Africans. leader of the Angolan National They know that such a regime Liberation Front, who sparked would stop at nothing to keep the war of liberation, has learned Angola in bondage. that mere launching of a freedom fight does not ensure success without adequate military preparations and diplomatic activities in

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advance to influence world public "Achilles Heel of Fascism in Front in Tunisia gave training to a selected batch of Angolan ofEurope." opinion. Holden has gone a step further " T H E A L G E R I A N S ' experience ficers and non-commissioned ofand set up a government i p ex- in bidding a highly-efficient war | ficers who have formed the train1 the ing.qorps of the Angolan Army." ile. African s t a t e s h a v ^ b e e n * * " " * ^ * - '*4jfck : enemy occupied ternfory, trainasked to recognize it and extend ing and pitching the well-discitheir help and cooperation. NEIGHBORHOOD plined guerilla forces against suT V - R A D I O and RECORD SHOP Algerian Premier Ben Bella perior military strength, will be WE SERVICE TV s—RADIOS—HI-FI s branded Angola the Achilles Heel of tremendous value to the AngoCAR RADIOS—TRANSISTORS A < —All Work'Guaranteed — of Fascism in Europe. lands." Muslimnews International Hours: 10 A . M . Until 10 P.M. •For lis the problem of Angola observed. 6333 S. Dorchester Chicago 37,-* "Even before Algeria became Phone: 2 8 8 - 9 7 7 3 is very important." Ben Bella f r e e , the Algerian Liberation said. "It"'is. in fact, the proof that the battle against fascism under all its kyms is being t o l l e ^ e ^ M h only in Africa but in Effrope a s ^ d o m e unci \Jidit ' well. In striking the Portuguese fascism alongside our Angolan brothers we are touching the

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M U H A M M A D

SPEAKS

A P R I L 15, 1963

r. Muhammad Says! WHAT THE MUSLIMS WANT

WHAT THE MUSLIMS BELIEVE

1. U N I T Y O F 20-million socalled Negroes.

1. W E B E L I E V E in the One God Whose proper Name is Allah.

2. T H E A C C E P T A N C E of the religion of Islam.

2. W E B E L I E V E in the Holy Qura-an and in the Scriptures of all the Prophets of God.

3. W E W A N T the government of the United States to exempt our people from A L L taxation as long as we are deprived of equal justice under the laws of the land. 4. W E W A N T equality of opportunity. We want equal membership in society with the best in civilized society. W E W A N T an immediate end to the police brutality and mob attacks against the so-called Negro throughout the United States.

3. W E B E L I E V E in the truth of the Bible, but we believe that it has been tampered with and must be reinterpreted so that mankind will not be snared by the falsehoods that have been added to it. 4. W E B E L I E V E iit Allah's Prophets and the Scriptures they brought to the people. W E B E L I E V E our women should be respected a n d protected as the women of other nationalities are respected and protected.

The Honorable Elijah Muhammad

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