June, 1962 Stop Race Murders! by Muhammad Speaks

UHA NITEO

FRONT!

beating him on the head with their T H E DEVILS ATTACKED clubs. Others, a total of five, while lyAND K I L L E D On April 27, 1962, the Los Angeles' ing wounded and handcuffed were savage, brutal Police Force numbering kicked in the face and mouth; they nearly one hundred, c a m e into ourkicked-in the bottom bridge of one of Mosque No. 27, without warning, shoot- the brothers mouth. The brothers who ing and killing. Our Secretary, Ronald were shot and seriously wounded by T. X. Stokes, was shot fatally and two police were not hospitalized or given other brothers are not expected to live. medical aid until 48 hours after being One of the brothers who was shot shot. in the back is now permanently para"WE SHOT YOUR BROTHERS" lyzed, having to spend the rest of his "While on the way to jail," said one life in a wheel chair. The dying secre- of the brothers, "one devil officer said tary, Ronald, was handcuffed and the to his partner, 'I broke my stick on the (continued on page 3 ) savage devils hastened his death bv Dedicated

to freedom,

Justice and Equality foi the

so-called

Negro.

The Earth Belongs to Allah

MUHAMMAD SPEAKS CIRCULATION

Vol. 1 No. 8

MR. E L I J A H M U H A M M A D

OVER

310,000 W I T H M O R E T H A N 1,250,000 R E A D E R S AND S T I L L GROWING Chicago, Illin

une, 1962

UNITE FOR J U S T I C E

10c O U T S I D E C H I C A G O 15c

TO..

STOP RACE MURD HOW WHITE SUPREMACY COPS HANDCUFFED, BEAT A DEAD

T H E M A N Y O U S E E L Y I N G ON T H E G R O U N D in the forefront of this picture, his hands handcuffed behind him—is dead. He is Ronald T . X . Stokes. He was shot through the heart by white supremacy policemen who continued to beat and kit^c him after he

was dead—and then they handcuffed the dead man, along with two other brother Muslims who lie wounded and handcuffed. The Honor; able Elijah Muhammad has called for a redoubling of efforts ' secure justice for the black man in America.

HAMMAD S P E A K S

EYEWITNESS:

" S A W

COPS

JUNE.

KILL

1962

MUSLIM

L O S A N G E L E S — ' T saw the cops shoot down the Muslim leader in cold blood," said an eye witness. "I saw the Muslim leader raise his hands in surrender. Then I saw the policeman fire point-blank into his body," said the eyewitness who saw the murder of the unarmed Muslim, Ronald T. Stokes, and reported it in a California Negro weekly. "Stokes had a cop around the head, shielding himself from another officer who had a gun," the witness said. He described how the armed officer moved around, trying to get a clear shot at Stokes. Then the cop Stokes was holding got loose." Fell To The Ground One slug hit Stokes in the ask her mother, "Where is my veteran, he was employed as a heart, knocking' the life out of daddy?" warehouseman in the Purchashim inimeJi^||F7~Stokes fell in Her mother w i l l have to say. ing Department of Los Angeles ^jwEide doorway' o£._a . "ite was shot down by white County. tS iSwjust north of the policemen i n front of the Los "He was rather quiet on the Angeles tenipie, -They killed him job," said the department per1^S3^5lice were not satisfied. because he was a black man sonnel manager. "Thdy stomped, kicked and and a Muslim." :• ... There is now a fatherless famblackjacked him after he witsiiyFormer Kappa Man shot down — slumped against A wife will see her husband the paint store doorway," the Stokes was a college man and eyewitness said. a former member of Kappa A l - no more. One day little Saudia, Stokes' pha Psi fraternity. He was*"-* A daughter will never know three-month old daughter, w i l l native of Boston. A Korean her father.

L. A . W A S L I K E GERMANY

O R

NAZI ALGIERS

L O S A N G E L E S — I t could have been Algiers—the Congo or Angola— or Hitler's Germany. But the shocking truth is that it was L O S A N G E L E S , U.S.A. Minister John Shabazz of Muhammad's Mosque No. 27 issued a press statement which said: ". . . Simply because Chief William H. Parker's well-armed storm troopers wore police uniforms while shooting down these seven innocent black men in cold blood, doesn't m a k e their criminal actions any more right than the uniforms worn by Hitler a n d his Gestapo-police who shot down t h e innocent Jews in Nazi, Germany." "The good-thinking Americans who learn the truth of this case, and fail to protest his type of velt Walker 27, of 2019 W. 68th murder . . . should never again St.; Clarence Jinkles, 21, of 5102 speak out against Hitler, Nazi S. Woodlawn Ave.; and Monroe Germany, and the brutalities Jones, 21, of 705 Cclibern Drive. practiced against Jews . . .," read A l l were members of Muhammad's Mosque No. 27 in Los the statement. —— Angeles. In what Police Chief William H. Parker described brazingly Citizens Protest as "absolutely the most brutal As a Grand Jury prepared to conflict" engaged in by police- launch a so-called investigation men in Los Angeles history, of Muslim activities in the Los seven unarmed black men had Angeles area, a wave of indigbeen beaten unmercifully and nation over the outrages swept sprawled on the s t r e e t , one the country from coast-to-coast. dead. Many leading citizens and orGrand Jury "Investigation" ganizations, some not usually in With little public outcry from sympathy w i t h the Muslim well-thinking citizens, Chief Par- movement, have called for the ker proceeded to call a Grand removal of Chief Parker and Jury "investigation" of the Black punishment of those guilty for Muslims and nine innocent vic- the slaughter. tims were arraigned on criminal I n a telegram to Attorney charges of assault "against their General Mosk of California, the police persecutors." NAACP of Los Angeles pointed Malcolm X , Minister of Mosout that "the full facts have not que No. 7 i n New York City been presented and a deliberate and John AH, National Secretary attempt has been made to inof the Mosques of Islam flew flame public opinion." into Los Angeles to give all possible aid and assistance to the courageous Muslims w h o had been set upon by the police. T h e .following step-by-step facts of the gestapo-like onslaught against the Muslims were revealed: Two unarmed black men, employees of a cleaning estabHshment were q u e s t i o n e d and A M M A N (Jordan)—One hunroughly manhandled by L . A. dred and forty-two persons — police. Israeli citizens all — spent the In the aftermath, police riot Jewish Passover hoHday this squads armed w i t h shotguns year at Mt. Gerizim, i n the Muswere called out and to provoke lim-Arab country of Jordan. these men, their a r m s were The party, which included two twisted and they were kicked blind persons and four infants, and cursed like animals. When Muslims came from the comprised virtually the entire Temple to see what was hap- membership of the ancient Sapening, they were met by 75 maritan community settled since club-swinging, gun-firirig police- time immemorial i n what was men who ramshackled the Mos- once known as Palestine. The Samaritans broke away que a n d left the dead and wounded lying on the sidewalk. from the mainstream of Judaism Wounded were: Robert Rog- in the fifth century B. C. after PAUSING TO PONDER the ers, 18, and his brother, Wil- their priest EH persuaded the possibility of making the trip, liam, 26, both of 5634 S. Broad- Jews to build the Temple at a youthful Muslim reads anway; Arthur Coleman, Jr., 27, Jerusalem instead of Mt. Geri- nouncement of the Muslim of 3626« S. Metier St.; Roose- zim (now in Jordan).

Twenty-seven year old Arthur Coleman lies wounded in a Los Angeles Hospital struck down by policeman's bullets i n what Los Angeles Police Chief Parker declared was the "most violent conflict in L.A. history." Some

seventeen innocent Muslims were shot, brutally beaten and kicked. Tip-off on policeman's attitude towards Muslims is contained in a secret bulletin issued by the San Deigo police department (See page 13 for excerpts).

Bus Caravan to Detroit, Michigan. Messenger Elijah Muhammad is slated to address a mass r a l l y in Detroit's Olympic

Arena on June 10th. Thousands of persons are planning to make the journey to Detroit with local Muslims to hear the only true Messenger of God.

142 Israelis Spend Holiday In Jordan

MUHAMMAD S P E A K S

J U N E , 1962

Man

Not Safe In Civilized U.S. First Lady Visits Son In Cairo

(continued from page 1) nead of that nigger.' Another devil police said to him, 'You should have had the new kind, it would not have broken." What is this new stick? Whatever it may be, let us not forget—it is for our heads. These savages had made several attempts to try provoking the brothers in the Mosque to have an excuse for shooting them. One said: "We shot your brothers outside, aren't you going to do something about it?" Each of the brothers was placed under a $10,000.00 bail to hide their (the police's) own guilt of murdering the INNOCENT. AN AUTOPSY WITHOUT PERMISSION They performed an autopsy on the body, whom they had murdered, before turning it over to the legal embalmers. They performed an autopsy without permission of any of his relatives —wife, mother, sister or brother. In searching the brothers, they just ripped their coats and pants apart. The Secretary, Ronald T., lie dying with a bullet directly through his heart.

One devil officer was heard saying to him, "Run nigger so that I can kill you." This all started in the old usual way: Stop to question you, wait for no answer, began beating the poor black man over the head, and if the black man tries to protect his head from being crushed in, he is charged with attacking an officer—while all the time the "officer" is trying to kill him for no reason that he is black and have NO protection under the devils' law. A n other devil officer was heard saying: " I had been looking for ten years the chance to kill the Black Muslims." They hate us for the Truth Allah has revealed to us; the Truth of them being R E A L D E V I L S . Their treatment of us have proven them to be the real devils long before the coming of Allah in the Person of Master W. F . Muhammad, tb Whom be praised forever. Soon shall my people know them to be real devils. IN " C I V I L I Z E D " A M E R I C A Look how they treated the Freedom Riders. Look at the injustice and the false charges put on our Brother Troy X . Cade, in Monroe, Louisiana, just because he is a Muslim Teacher of the Truth (Islam). You see every day and night here in America how they mistreat the poor black people; stopping them on the highways, beating, killing and shooting them down.

WHO

HATES

There is no justice here for us black people, we must be separated into a territory or a country to ourselves from such people. There is no future for us nor our children in "civilized" America. Allah has said to me that this race of devils have been found disagreeable to live with in peace; this we have experienced and know to be onehundred percent T R U E . There is not security for even one black life in America. What chance have we against well-armed devils who are free to use their arms on the poor unarmed black people? This country's Police Force, using the tactics of brute savages, have behind them the Government to kill us—judging from the Government's silence! I have hundreds of followers now in the j^ils, State and Federal Penitentiaries for no other reason than that they are Muslims. Therefore, it is useless to appeal for justice to the State Prosecutors of the U.S.A., no justice will be given us from them. My Allah forbids us to carry arms; this the devils know, but they are cowards and like us unarmed so the killing will be easy. However, we rely on Allah for our help. We do thank the National Secretary, Roy Wilkins, and the officials of the National Association for the Advancement of Black People for their love and sympathy shown for their people. I n these crucial times we must not think in terms of one's religion, but in terms of justice for us poor black people. This means a United Black Front for justice in America. It would have been more s afe on the 27th of April for our people in Los Angeles among wild lions, than in "civilized" America. What happened to us on April 27, 1962, in Los Angeles, California, could and is happening to you and me throughout America. All darker people of Los Angeles should take a lesson from this. For the white man's hatred for us and feign friendship for another part of us only means to divide us and keep one black against the other (divide and rule). Let this not happen to you and me, for they are both your and my enemies! We must unite, we must separate ourselves from such inhuman people and seek a place among our own people or a territory here to ourselves where we may live in peace. B E W I S E . Because of the Truth, they want to divide us; because of the Truth, they want you to hate us (the Muslims). MORE TO COME IN T H E N E X T ISSUE O F "MUHAMMAD S P E A K S " newspaper H U R R Y A N D J O I N ONTO Y O U R OWN K I N D ! THE T I M E O F T H I S W O R L D I S A T HAND! Write to: MUHAMMAD'S M O S Q U E NO. 2 5335 So. Grenwood Avenue Chicago 15, Illinois Elijah Muhammad, Messenger of Allah B E S U R E T O L I S T E N T O "MUHAMMAD S P E A K S " See Radio Schedule, Page 23, for time and Station.

WHO?

Sister Clara Muharr id, wife of Messenger Elijah Muhammad, flew to Cairo Egypt to visit her son, Akbar Muhammad, who is enrolled at Ahhaza University, oldest center of learning in the world. She was accompanied by another son, Herbert Muhammad. Akbar is a graduate of the University of Islam here i n Chicago, and is the first black man from America to attend the famous Muslim University i n Cairo.

Caravans Mass For June 10th Detroit Meet DETROIT — The appearance of the Honorable Elijah Muhammad, The Messenger of Allah, at the forthcoming June 10th mass meeting in Detroit Mich., may cause the greatest outpouring of local, national and international leaders in the history of that city, it was predicted here. Caravans from coast-to-coast bringing multitudes of followers as well as those who have yet to hear Mr. Muhammad are being planned on a mammoth scale. The meeting, which is to be held at Olympic Stadium, McGraw Street and Grand River Ave., w i t h doors opening at twelve noon has already been assured of a capacity crowd by residents of Detroit alone. The brutal assaults upon Muslim members by the Los Angeles Police force and the brilliant and prophetic response of the Messenger has created an atmosphere of excitement and expectation unlike any previous meeting.

FINED, FIRED AND FIXED FOR FRAUD WASHINGTON, D. C. — According to a white bus driver's dramatic account, seven "rowdy Negroes" r obbed him of $10, took his vehicle for a 30-minute joy ride, and threatened to drive it into the Anacostia River. However, under police questioning he gradually backed-up. First, he admitted pocketing the $10 himself. Then, he confessed he had intended to drive the bus into the river, but lost his nerve. Finally, he gulped, the seven rowdies were a mere figment of his imagination. Fussed-at, fined and fired for the hoax, the driver had reason to wonder if he had been "fixed". After all, he was only lying about Negroes. X

MUHAMMAD S P E A K S J U N E , 1962

' A S

C R I N K L Y

A S

Y O U R S .

B R O l i

By Eldridge Cleaver, San Quentin, California hair—that is to say, ih one's hair resembles that c Caucasian — the "better" i t fts* Good hair, bad hair, nappy hair, kinky hair and so on. And shorthaired women? Good Gravy! (God bless the soul to whom we must forever be humble for inventing the "3oyish Bob"). Short hair is looked upon as an especial abomination. We do not have even any flattering words with which to describe our hair: but this is not surprising since we do not look upon our hair as being particularly flattering. The Negro Press The Negro Press is largely responsible for sowing these seeds of inferiority comp.exes and perpetuating t h e s e stereotyped views. Open almost any one of the Negro publications which carry advertisements of skin bleaches and skin l i g h t e n e r s , hair straighteners, false hair a n d wigs. What will you find? Usually an emotion-charged indictment such as: "Why should you suffer with hard to manage, kinky, ugly hair? Use Dr. Flop's H a i r Straightener and become a big hit!"

(Reprinted from The Negro History Bulletin, March, 1962)

In every society, in every historical period, it is demonstrable that human beings have always made some type of judgment as to what is beautiful and what is not beautiful. The things, or aspects of things, esteemed as beautiful have changed; but always men have looked upon some things as beautiful and others as unbeautiful or, condemnatorily, as ugly. Indeed, an entire branch of philosophy—Esthetics—has this phenomenon as its subject-matter. In our culture, the recognized standard of beauty—one could just as well say, "the official standard of beauty"—is that of the Caucasian peoples; and since the Caucasian h a s possessed hegemony over the world for the duration of the epoch which is now drawing to a close, along with other values of Western culture, he has also exported his standard of beauty. In a profound sense, the Caucasian standard of beauty has been—and is now-—one of the corner-stones of the doctrine of "White Supremacy." We have only to observe in order to see the destructive psychological impact of t h i s standard of beauty on the people around the world who have unknowingly fallen under its subtle influence. In this essay, the discussion will be confined chiefly to the situation as it relates to the American Negro but by extension, most of what is said here can be applied in a general way.

that physical appearance, i.e., skin color and texture of hair is what primarily distinguishes the great majority of Negroes from other Americans. I t is t h i s salient factor — physical appearance—which points out the Negro and makes him readily available as a target of abuse and more vulnerable mark for exploitation. How can the effects of the Caucasian standard of beauty be identified in the thinking and actions of Negroes? Why, observe the great vogue of hairstraighteners, wigs, a n d skinbleaches that sprang into being! Great geniuses were at work. One such savant, after much pondering and tedious toil emerged and created a revolution amongst Negro women when he introduced that Magic Wand — the Straigtening Comb. "After one preparation, Madam, you too can have silkystraight flowing tresses, just as beautiful and lovely as y o u r Target Of Abuse A t this point let i t be recalled pale sister. Or perhaps you re-

BEAUTY such as this needs no artificial props. The Negro has been brainwashed to the extent of accepting the Caucasian standard of beauty as the only true one. Kinky hair and

Like "Boss Charlie" "All you have to do, Sammy, my boy, is go see your barber, or go to the Beauty Parlor (oh, it's all right); just tell them to 'tighten' your mop for you, man and when t h e y get through applying their Lye Solutions their Caustic Soda Preparations their Miracle Acids and Combinations of Acids—after that, you will be just like Boss Charlie! You will have such Beautiful Straight Hair!" Ah! Love that scientific spirit "After Madam and Monsieur have finished their coiffure, why go right around the corner to the Diug Store and buy a big fat bottle of Skin Bleach! Get the six-month economy size! Oh don't worry about which brand all of them are medically tested jproven. and guaranteed to bleach your dull skin Pretty-Pink and White!"

an unpainted face are the true marks of beauty.

According to Ebony's Hall of Fame, Madame C J. Walker, the •founder of the world's oldest a n d biggest Negro cosmetics company," became "the first Negro woman millionaire, after starting business with $2 and an original formula for "refining the s c a l p and straightening hair," (as if the Negro's head was an unfinished product!) Madame Walker is acclaimed as "pioneer in the field of Negro beauty culture," and was elected to the Hall of Fame for her

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"contributions to the progress of the Negro a n d the American way of life.'' Incidentally, Madam Walker mixed h e r first batch of hair straightener i n a washtub; and her last prayer went thus: "Not for me, O Lord, but for my race." Now, when we consider the hair, we reach a topic on which we are extremely sensitive. This is because of the obvious variation between the texture of the typical Negro's hair and that of the typical Caucasian. But i f Negroes are going to adhere to the Caucasian standard of beauty, must they not also pass judgment on the hair? Of course we must, and we have: we look upon our texture of hair as an affliction, a fiendish mockery of us by Mother Nature. Consequently we have another yardstick for evaluating the relative "Do you suffer from dull, ugquality of our hair. This one progresses from "bad hair" to ly skin? Get Hosana Bleaching good hair." The straighter the Cream and have a fair, beautiful complexion!" This type of advertising is usually accompanied by one of those convincing "Before a n d After" illustrations of some wretched despondent young Negro girl or boy who, immediately

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Guilty Police' Must Pay. Says NAACP Shocked fc'the Nazi-like assault by Los Angeles po^ ™ * f 2 r o f f i c i a I s of the National Association for theport circulating here that some ju—*wn£ement of Colored People, (Mr. Muhammad has sections of Los Angeles Negro renamed it "of Black People") for the first time in itsCommunity are remaining silent history stood unequivocably behind the fight of the Black because Stokes was a leader i n the Muslim movement. Muslims for justice against police brutality.

to account and to rally other Angeles' white supremist Chief, groups to do likewise," the NA- William H . Parker, who had ACP stated. publicly boasted that no Negro "The National office supports group would dare come to the fully the protests which the Los aid of the Black Muslims. I n his national message, Mr. Mu"We urge our Los Angeles Angeles Branch has lodged i n hammad thanked the NAACP the brutal police killing of Rond e c l a r e d . Branch to press i n all possible for its support of black people is an incredible re- ways to bring the guilty police ald Stokes," Wilkins said. Thus the NAACP secretary and called for a "United Black gave the lie to claims by LosFront to Fight Injustice."

Roy Wilkins, executive s e c r e . l w s tary of the NAACP in a national | "There

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I am a mother, 25 years of and a daughter, 2 years old. I t age, residing with my husband is for m y two wonderful chiland two children, a son, 3 years, dren's concern that I am writing to you. I have lost many friends for the very beliefs that are outlined i n Mr. Muhammad Speaks. We, the so-called Negroes, are as lost as babes i n the woods in trying to equal Mr. White Man. Already we are imitating him to the point of even being ZANZIBAR — "Uhuru," the capable of taking our own lives. popular s l o g a n of Freedom This is something which only a movements everywhere i n Afri- few decades ago was unthinkca, has obviously reached as far able to the majority of us. We are of a different nature as this island, off the Continent's and character i n our hearts from East Coast. England, the "protector" of the the white man. I want to become a member Zanzibar Sultanate, is expected to begin formal negotiations i n of your group. I t grieves i le to the near future with the Island's look at my children and know chief political leaders, with a that I , their mother, w i l l be view to offering them a new called upon to teach them that Constitution and greater auto- they are inferior beings to a l l other races of people. I cannot! nomy i n internal affairs. Zanzibar's nominal ruler is the I w i l l not!

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& ALL OCCASIONS Statement issued by the NAACP following the vicious, inhuman assault on unarmed Muslims by members of Los Angeles Police Force. Roy Wilkins, (above), National Executive Secretary of the

NAACP, promptly threw the full weight of his organization behind the Muslim's fight and exposed the "divide and conquer" tactics carried ont by white officials who claimed Negro groups were opposed to the teachings M U H A M M A D S P E A K S of The Honorable Elijah Muhammad to unite i n a common PUBLISHED MONTHLY June, 1962 Vol. 1 No. 8 fight for simple justice. Published

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is symbolic of the natural enterprising inclinations of black people everywhere. Both white and black patrons stop enroute to New York or Washington and patronize the attractive, efficiently run establishment.

PRICE OF BRIDES

duce another in the near future. In 1940, the price for brides Adel Shaheen, who is only in Kwaie district of Western Nieleven years old and has never geria was $42; now it's $280. seen a multiplication table, can already solve complicated mathematical problems faster than most electronic computers and calculating machines. The son of a poor laborer. Adel Shaheen, whose recent appearance on Iraqui television brought h i m numerous gifts from the viewing public, has also received a "wonderful gift" from t h e country's popular Prime KUMASI (Ghana) — President Minister, Hon. Abdel Karim KasKwame Nkrumah, in a recent sem. The gift: a television set address to a Conference on Ag- and a small estate for his family. riculture here, stated that he favored the immediate establishment of large farms and agricul- H O U S E H O L D tural settlements "everywhere in Ghana, in order to accelerate the H I N T S When washing ban-Ion sweatcountry's agricultural producers, turn your sweaters on the tion." Pointing to the large unculti- wrong side, and button them up vated areas of Ghana, which, in before washing. This w i l l avoid turn, necessitate huge food im- those little beads of wool that ports, the Honorable Nkrumah usually appear after washing. further stated that "we must put Ban-Ion sweaters, if washed in an end to this paradox in our warm water, can even be washcountry as quickly as possible.'' ed in the washing machine. * * * In another decree, President Nkrumah has also put the nation In order to make your cakes b a c k to the 44-hours-a-—eek lighter when using all purpose schedule. The workers of Ghana flour, add a tablespoon of cornmust now, once again, work five starch to the dry ingredients heand a-half days per week. fore sifting.

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MUHAMMAD S P E A K S

J U N E , 1962

S h i p - O u t Victims Meet Mixed Reactions Welcome! — cried state and city officials when so-called Hungarian "Freedom Fighters" came. Welcome! — cried President Kennedy when the flotsam and jetsam from Cuba washed ashore. But when a handful of Southern Negroes arrived by bus to seek jobs and homes in New York, Chicago, Los Angeles and Washington, D.C., this month: Chicago Alderman, Benjamin F. Lewis, a politician of African descent, protested that the newcomers were being treated better than other citizens of African descent. This crab-like complaint gave r i s e to the question: Why doesn't Lewis concern himself with improving the condition of his constituents. 40 percent of whom are unemployed, rather than reducing the newcomers to that condition. —"Unconscionable!" — cried the president's Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare. —"Why should t h e y receive special treatment," demanded Edwin C. Berry, highly touted executive director of the Chicago Urban League. —"Jailbirds, ne'er-do-wells and other riff raff," editorialized a Negro weekly. — " H Negroes are sent here from the South and need aid, we w i l l make arrangements to send them back," said a spokesman for the Cook County Welfare Department which is supposed to service Chicago residents. Justification for all the embarrassment was sought i n the ulterior motives of the white racists who organized and financed the trips. The bus trips were initiated and paid for by the New Orleans White Citizens Couneil^s part of an earlier publicized i . ^uthwide plan to starve-out and ship-out Negroes in reply to sit-ins. "All right, yankee—we're calling your bluff. Tell us to give Negroes equal rights—heqe they are, you give it to them." Perhaps—it was this threat hurled by White Citizens Council director, George L . Singlemann, that caused so many high government officials, white "liberals" and socalled Negro "leaders" to duck.

chines, each operated by three whites. Last Dec. 16, the family's $155 monthly welfare check was cutoff. He accepted the free trip, "To find my children what they need." The second ship-out, Shelby Williams, 24, and his wife, 20, arrived i n New York a week after the Boyd family. After 18 months service with an armored infantry division in Germany, he had accepted the free offer, "just to be an American citizen". Other ship-outs included high school graduates, young, publicity shy, able-bodied and eager for a steady job. Despite the inhumanity involved, a well preeedented welcome

ban "refugees" with a ticker tape The answer from ( ; Honorparade, and the federal govern- able Elijah Muhammad, Messenment made a special grant to ger of Allah and teacher of the the state of Florida to increase Nation of Islam: Unite to create the amount of welfare payments a future for yourself — build to them. your own homes, schools, hospiExcept for greater hypocrisy, tals and factories. the Jim Crow North differs little from the Jim Crow South. The ship-outs may soon learn WOMAN LAWYER from the federal government that they are men without a The First woman lawyer i n would have eased, the embarrass- country, the same as all other West Africa was admitted to the ment. But merely ' leaving the Negroes. bar in 1935 in Nigeria. South is not separation from the "slavemaster", and Negroes do When in Detroit visit the . . . not enjoy American citizenship even i n the North. HOTEL RANDORA The only welcome came from 98 GARFIELD STREET PHONE TEmpfe 2-7700 other Negroes and private agenIt's New - Modern - Air Conditioned also cies. The American government's THE GARFIELD HOTEL professed interest in freedom in J O H N R. AT GARFIELD DETROIT, MICHIGAN Hungary, Cuba and elsewhere abroad, has never been exhibited for black refugees. This was the Phone ED 1-9444 j Res. VA. 1-3255 truer source of embarrassment. I n the case of the Hungarian "refugees", for instance, Chicago ELLIS AUTO BEAUTY SHOP officials demanded that the one Bumping and Painting We Specialize In Used Can year residency requirement for — All Work Guranteed — receiving state aid be waived. 3575 FAIRVIEW at MACK - Walter Ellis, Prop. - DETROIT 4, MICH. New York welcomed the Cu-

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While the Federal government stands by with folded hands, Negro citizens are being used as "human footballs'" in the one-way North-bus-ride racket, it was charged here by the Afro-American Heritage Association. Considering the long history of intimidation," said Ishmael P, Flory, Director of the Association, who clarified the position of his organization, " i t hardly comes as a surprise that some American citizens of African descent should want to flee the South. Degredation and savage brutality h a s historically been their lot."

NO. 1

people from bondage, instead of speaking out against those things that make them flee. "We are not deceived by this campaign to obscure the real issue, namely, that which is going on i n the Senate of the United States on the question of the right of all to speak on the fundamental constitutional rights to form a local, state and federal government that w i l l put an end to the shameful practice that makes the White Citizens Council's offensive propaganda possible."

"All those of us who live in the ghetto of New York, Detroit, Chicago or Los Angeles well know terrible misery compels people to come to the so-called paradise of the North," the Association pointed out. STUDENT "It is indeed strange that men LUNCHEONETTE in high government are digniFrosh Foods Sorved Dally Only in America would the fying the act of the White Citi(no Swine served) answer of white "liberal" Harry zens Council in Louisiana by de- Delivery on Saturday — Golden, editor of the Carolina crying the escape of hopeless 11541 LINWOOD AVE. Israelite, be taken seriously. He Phone No. TO. 9-9889 DETROIT, MICHIGAN offered free return tickets to the F. J . & V. Complete dispossessed so-called Negroes. On the street coiners of Harlem and Chicago's southside. the "Boys" w e r e saying, "What's wrong with Negroes coming here SUNOCO SERVICE to find jobs? That's why we're Road Service - General Repairs Expert Painting S Carpentry Work — Credit Cards Honored — here. But I guess it makes little Call Phone No. W O 4-0257 H o u r s : 6 A . M . to 11 P.M. 895-9826 TW 3-2053 difference where you're unem118000 Dexter at Tuxedo Also Specializing in Landscaping ployed." DETROIT. MICHIGAN DETROIT, MICHIGAN The case of the first ship-out revealed the inhumanity of his white sponsors. Lewis Boyd, 41year-old unemployed Negro longshoreman, his wife and eight children, arrived in New York from A l g i y s . La.. April 21. For twenty y ears he bad loaded bags Choice Meats & Grocery Products of sugar into boxcars on New Orleans docks. Specializing in Beef Sausage In the winter of 1959 he came down with pneumonia. While FREE DELIVERY - Phone No. TO 7-9327 hospitalized, the sugar-loading operation was automated. Hundreds of Negro laborers lost their jobs. Seven at a time were replaced by giant suction ma-

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MUHAMMAD S P E A K S

J U N E , 1962

Star Ballplayers T a k e ' F a n s CHICAGO — City "referees" may call some 80 ball players "out" of the fabulous side profits they were making off "flop house" type buildings in Negro ' slum neighborhoods. The shocking expose of Big Name ball players who had invested more than $3 billion in Negro slum buildings was met by quick action from Raymond H. Hilliard, chief of the Cook C o u n t y Welfare Department, who declared that no further rents would be paid the landlords until the buildings met minimum building code standards. The Big League players also faced the wrath of City of Chicago officials who initiated a drive to force the rehabilitation of some of the buildings. Charging rents described as "cruel" a n d "a.. ucious" the "name" ball players who had invested in dilapidated, roachfilled, bed-bug-ridden Negro slub buildings included: Sherman Lollar and Louis Aparicio of the Chicago White Sox; Ted Kluszewski, Jim Rivera, Walt Dropo and Cal McLish, former Sox players; Cletis Boyer, New York Yankees third baseman; St. Louis Cardinals star, Orestes "Minnie" Minoso, 11

Herb Score, White Sox pitcher Nellie Fox and Turk Lown, also of the Sox. Many of the players were listed on the board of the slum-building owning corporation headed by a former semi-pro ball player, Patrick Wagner.

BUSY COMMANDER The commander of the busiest police district i n the world (Chicago's Wabash Station) is a Ne gro, Capt. Kinzie Blueitt. Ph D. MATHEMATICIANS This year's crop of male college graduates with bachelor's degrees are being offered about $480 a month on the average, it was reported by the U . S. Department of Labor. Graduating engineers can expect to command beginning salaries i n the neighborhood of $560 a month. Salary offers for well qualified beginning mathematicians with Ph. D. degrees may be as high as $900 a month—or more than $10,000 a year. Women and liberal arts graduates w i t h bachelor's degrees w i l l generally receive less than the average of $450 cited earlier.

CRINKLY

Continued from Page 4

HOME OF THE WHITE SOX? This alleyway behind 641416 S. Kenwood Ave. typifies one Negro area s l u m buildings o w n e d by wealthy baseball "heroes" wherein rent aver-

AS YOURS" -

we set ourselves as individuals, it colors our thinking and our opinion of the race as a whole —in short—it has a disastrous effect. This confusion pursues many of us all through life, "like the Furies i n a G r e e k play," driving us deeper into a private hell.

ages $100 a month and up. This is only one of 13 buildings i n which the Cook County Department of W e l f a r e ordered cessation of rent payments. The ensuing scandal has

disclosed that some of the biggest names i n major league baseball have b e e n making huge profits off the misery of Negro tenants, who cry "Foul Ball"

BROTHER

after applying the product advertised, is suddenly transform ed into a sparkling young center of attraction. Wrong Standard Ebony Magazine, w h i c h is probably the most widely read Negro magazine, periodically To be sure, i t is a hyperruns a feature which i t presump- ethnocentric act—but one consotuously entitles "The World's nant with the doctrine of "White Most Beautiful Negro Women Supremacy"—for the Caucasian or something to that effect. to hold up one of his members And what are the contents of and crown him or her Mister or this feature? Why the Cauca- Miss Universe; but i t is somesian standard of beauty, of thing else when the Negro ac course! Invariably, they w i l l cepts this standard, and then c r o w n Lena Horne, Dorothy proceeds with a host of contrivDandridge, or someone else ances to warp his natural charwhose appearance would nomi acteristics i n a vain effort to nate them to compete rather for measure up to that alien standthe title of Miss Scandinavia, ard. Until the social values of Miss Greater Europe, or Miss human beings e v o l v e to the Anything—other than that which point where we no longer feel is indicated by the title of the the need to aggrandize ourselves feature. And what emotions do above our fellow men on the you think the typical Negro girl quicksand ground of ethnic suexperiences when she reads this periority, until that time, we will feature? Why obviously, exactly have with us the spectacle of the the ones that are evoked when she sees the results of the Miss Eskimos i n Alaska saying that America or Miss Universe con- they are the most beautiful people i n creation; the Chinese in tests! China saying that they alone are Of course, it would be face- beautiful; t h e Japanese, the tious of us to campaign for a Arabs, t h e Australian Aborilaw to ban the Caucasian stand- gines, all in their own lands sayard of beauty; but i t is of para- ing the same thing, while the mount importance that we real- Caucasian proclaims it to the enWhen the term black is apize that there is absolutely no tire world. But let us hope that plied to the Negro (Negro being such thing as a universal stand- the Negro w i l l not still be run- the Latin for black), the process ard of beauty for ail people — ning along behind in the "white is reversed. Along with all of the black, brown, red, yellow, white shadows" with His Hot Combs unsavory connotations of t h e —measuring up to which they and Bleaching Creams in an word black, in the polarized stand or fall. orgy of self-destroying mimicry. mind, the Negro is subconsciously condemned and degraded. White Supremacy Psychologically, a Negro of the If Negroes continue to respond negative position, i.e., a Nega- Not that the term black is, in itself, derogatory, b u t rather blindly and unthinkingly to this tive Negro, attempts to purge that it is incumbent upon the indoctrination, then they as surely will continue to be plagued himself of and and all traits polarized mind to make the asby the divisive self-hatreds, feel- which identify him as Negro. sociations that the connotations ings of inferiorty, etc., which This brings us to a very impor- of the term carry, and through are vestiges of the by-gone days tant point, one which goes hand those associations, the imperahand with the Caucasian tive condemnation follows. of the unchallenged sway of the odious doctrine of "White Su- standard of beauty, and yet runs A Negro with a polarized mind premacy." When we judge our- deeper and cuts deeper than any is daily committing a type of selves by the Caucasian standard other facet of the entire affair. mental suicide on the installof beauty and find that it does The Polarized Western Mind ment plan. The component parts not fit us, if we have accepted What we term as The Polar- of his polarization are constantthat standard as absolute, then ized Western Mind derives from ly gnawing away at his sanity. our reaction is not merely that the symbolism attached to the He has to make myriad rationalwe think our own individual two colors, black and white, i n izations; but there are times selves ugly, i t extends much the mind of Western man. These h e n the mind is unable to farther than that: i t touches ev- two colors are highly charged up with the appropriate ery facet of our existence, it in- and the symbolization is deeplt rationalization these a r e the fluences the very' value' which ingrained in the thinking ar conscious men

tal abberrations o c c u r , the crushing of the personality under the leaden weight of the inferiority complex, t h e slow burn of suppressed rage; and these are the times when the black hand w i l l reach for the bottle of whiskey, narcotics, or what have you, to blot out the insupportable reality which hovers above one in a stultifying cloud of condemnation, and one is further crushed when this occurs because one w i l l describe the burdensome reality as: "Ah, the black clouds." What we must do is stop associating the Caucasian with these exalted connotations of the word white when we think or speak of him. A t the same time, we must cease associating ourselves with the unsavory connotations of the word black. "A house divided a g a i n s t itself cannot stand," how much truer this must be for the mind! We can talk, preach, and write about race pride and self-respect interminably, but in the last analysis, if we are indeed to have any pride,

we m u s t root-out from our thinking and folklore those elements which have robbed us of our pride. When a black Pres. Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana, arrayed majestically in colorful tribal robes, can stride i n towering dignity and pride onto the highest rostrum of the United Nations General Assembly, and deliver a rousing, epoch-making speech — without first pausing to either 'straighten' his hair or 'bleach* his skin, the unspoken message to his brethren is unmistakable: Black in Coming Back! The rebirth of Africa, black dignity and black power, is destined to raise the black end of the yard-stick from the depths to which it was crushed by the oppressive weight of the doctrine of "White Supremacy" — raise it back into proper equilibrium. A n d then when Africa asks the American Negro with what type of hair was he born, he will answer loud and clear, with dignity and pride: "As crinkly as yours."

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J U N E , 1962

Planning No Future For You

MANKIND ON THE MOVE By A B D U L B A S I T N A E E M

I have just heard the word that Paul Robeson, the singer who made Mississippi ("That Ole Man River") famous, may soon be named Professor of Music at a University in Ghana. He sure just keeps rolling along!

Tanganyika, the East African nation whose first Prime Minister, Mr. Julius Nyerere, recently resigned in favor of a Muslim colleague, the Honorable Rashidi Kawawa, may soon become a Republic. If so, Mr. Nyerere is certain to become the country's first President.

*****

Secret Police Document Says

You're A Muslim If You're Well-Dressed, Clean-Cut SAN DIEGO, Gatif—A highly secret genocide-provoking pamphlet designed to instill prejudice among the nation's policemen against Black Muslims, was exposed when honest citizens turned the documents over to M U H A M M A D SPEAKS. Reprinted from the San Diego Academy Training Bulletin, the eight-page mimeographed antiMuslim "story" now being circulated was found to be filled w i t h misinformation and outright lies. I n many ways ridiculous, however, i t often pays unwitting compliments to the followers of the Honorable Elijah Muhammad as when it remarks upon

the "intelligence" of Muslim members and states that "the most likely" Negroes to be members are "the clean cut . . . well-dressed and groomed." Solid proof of its attempt to provoke police attacks upon peace-loving Muslims however, is contained i n its instruction to policemen to request "backup" patrols on any incident involving a possible Muslim "regardless of how trivial the incident," and to report on "possible" Muslims.

It failed to point out that Muslims do not carry weapons One section entitled "POLICE and that unarmed Muslims were TARGET" states: shot down in cold blood by "The nucleus of the Nation of armed Los Angeles police on the Islam is comprised of 20 to 30 night of April 27, 1962.

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year old men called, "The Fruit of Islam." These men are selected for their physical prowess and are adept for their aggressive tactics and judo. They are almost psychotic in their dedication and hatred of Caucasians and are comparable to the Mau Mau or Kamikaze in their dedication and fanaticism. It has been reported that many temples have gun clubs in which this militant group is trained in weapons."

A nineteenth-century wood carving of a head from the Republic of Gabon, on the West Coast of Africa, now on display at the Museum of Primitive Art in New York City, has been acclaimed by the connoisseurs of African art in this country as a "truly great masterpiece." ***** The Afro-Asian bloc in the United Nations is now fifty-one-strong, giving the non-white world a permanent edge over Europe and America in terms of General Assembly votes. And two or three new votes will further add to the bloc's power, later this year, when Algeria, Uganda and possibly Ruanda-Urudi (all in Africa) attain their independence and join the United Nations. ***** The government of South Africa has announced a plan under which it would "provide every possible assistance" to white settlers in Kenya who may wish to leave that country, when it becomes independent, and re-settle in South Africa. The question is: Where would the white settlers go when South Africa itself goes the way of Kenya and other independent African states, as it inevitably must? ***** The "Voice of America" hopes to increase its broadcasts beamed to Africa in the very near future. The Government agency may use, for this purpose, the powerful short-wave transmitters now being set up in — you guessed it! — Greenville, N.C. (in the South.).

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It will be our pleasure to see once again, in September of this year, our good and respected friend, Mr. Hocine Ait-Aehmad, one of the five Algerian nationalist leaders recently liberated from a jail in Paris. He is expected to visit the United States at that time in connection with the next session of the United Nations General Assembly.

Important African leaders who recently paid the U S A an official visit included President Ahmadou Ahidjo of the Federal Republic of Cameroun and the Honorable Sylvanus Olympio, President of the Republic of Togo.

present

Editor.

***** A "big change" is taking place in the entire continent of Africa. The news of a "big change" (for the better, of course) in the United Arab Republic is particularly pleasing: Egypt is eliminating all foreign street names still in existence in Alexandria, Cairo and other major cities of the country. The main thorofare in Alexandria, for instance, has for scores of years been known as "Rue Rosette." Its new (Arabic) name: Sharia al-Horrya ("Liberation Street."). O f f i c e r s s h o u l d , h o w e v e r , b e a p p r e h e n s i v e and ' a l e r t t o any eminent t h r e a t t o t h e s e f a n a t i c s . Patrol Officers s h o u l d r e q u e s t a " b a c k - u p " on any I n v e s t i g a t i o n o r p o l i c e I n c i d e n t i n v o l v i n g a p o s s i b l e M U S L I M , r e g a r d l e s s o f how t r i v i a ]

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u i i ± u e i » s a r e d i r e c t e d t o make a r e p o r t on a n y i n c l d o n t I n v o l v i n g a pogsifrift MUSLIM. A s a p o n c e o r f i c e r y o u a r e c o n f r o n t e d w i t h many h a z a r d , and d a n g e r s ; h o w e v e r ; I t s h o u l d be s t r e s s e d t h a t a n y c o n t a c t w i t h t h e MUSLIM c u l t s h o u l d b e w i t h a l e r t n e s s a n d c a u t i o n . R E P R I N T E D FROM SAN D I E G O P O L I C E ACADEMY T R A I N I N G

PHOTOSTATIC excerpts from the secret San Diego Police document aimed at inciting

prejudice against Muslim members. The document is considered the most shocking evi-

BULLETIN.J

dence of provocative police methods aimed at justifying vet uncovered.

* * *** The man who served seven years in jail as the "convicted leader" of the anti-British Mau Mau "terrorism," Jomo Kenyatta, has just been named the first African Minister of State in the newly-formed government of his beloved country, Kenya. Tom Mboya, another well-known African nationalist leader, has been given the post of Minister of Labor.' DERIVED FROM ARABIC Popular English words derived from the Arabic language, according to the Arab Information Center, include Alcohol, (Alkuhal); Guitar (Qitar); Giraffe, (Zirafah); Orange, (Naranj); Racket, (Rahat), a n d Safari (Safara).

425,000 GET B.A. DEGREES Estimates by the U . S. Department of labor indicate that the class of 1962 may be the largest in history with 425,000 men and women receiving bachelor's degrees and more than 90,000 with graduate degrees.

ENTRANCED Muslim Sisters examine the works of one of

Harlem's rising young artists, "Shabazz".

DICK GREGORY, making a rare appearance i n Harlem at the Muslim-sponsored Bazaar,

w a s constantly beseiged by young autograph seekers who be willingly obliged.

FOLLOWING the Messenger's salesmen such as this one selladmonition against idleness, ing jewelry, many Muslims become expert

DISPLAYING FOOD products bandied by Akbar Food Distrihmtors, the salesman a b o v e shows wide range of coffee

and other items imported from Africa and Asia, which are resold i n Negro communities,

MUSLIM SISTERS Vera X , subscriptions for "Muhammad African Asian Bazaar. Carol X and Audrey X take Speaks" newspaper at recent

gs Africa To Harlem

BABATUNDI OLATUNJI, Ni- music is one of the biggest atgerian drummer whose African tractions in Harlem today, was

BEAUTIFUL actress, Ruby rent Muhammad Speaks newsDee (Mrs. Ossie Davis), ex- paper Subscription Drive Conamines one of many prizes to test, which w i l l end on June be awarded winners in the cur- loth.

ONE OF TWO Negro glass blowers in this country, this talented sister was the greatest

a tremendous bit at the A h * can Asian Bazaar.

attraction at the bazaar. Many, hours as she skillfully melted such as these youthful observ- and shaped glass into artful ers, stood in rapt attention for creations.

J U N E , 1962

MUHAMMAD S P E A K S

New Genocide

Right To Birth And In Nationwide By

34 Students In Collision

Threatens Lite

Attacks

ACE ALEXANDER

Genocidal attacks by police, state officials and white racists shook-up Negro communities across the nation last month. Between the brazen savagery of Los Angeles police and the threat of jailing any A D C mother in Illinois who birthed another child out of wedlock, a race could be squeezed to death. In Mississippi, Georgia, Alabama and North Carolina,- the capacity of Negroes to suffer injustice and love its perpetrators, as urged by Rev. M . L . King, was severely tested. Enroute from Camp Ritchie, Md., to visit his wife, who lay i n critical condition i n Laurel, Miss., after giving birth to their sixth child that day Cpl. Roman Duckworth was shot through the heart by a Mississippi policeman, William Kelly. Duckworth, a military policeman with eight years service, had been forced off a Continental-Trailways Bus for refusing to move to a rear seat. The hypocrisy evidenced by the mad-dog killing was emphasized by the inter-racial military unit which served as pallbearers and provided a 16-gun salute at graveside rites—too late. A t presstime, the white bus driver who had summoned the police i n violation of federal interstate travel regulations, had not even been reprimanded. Also i n Mississippi, Lonzell Mathis and Charles H . Alexander, both stationed at the naval air base in Meridian, complained to the U.S. Civil Rights Comission of beatings by white policemen. Mathis was brutally beaten for failing to say "sir". Alexander made the mistake of walking into a restaurant reserved f o r whites—by accident, he said. In Talladega, Ala., police stood by while other whites threw acid i n the faces of Negro students during anti-segregation demonstration. In Charlotte, N . C., when a white man cornered and shot a Negro, Zandy Ivey, near t h e main business section, several hundred Negroes swarmed to his defense—but were turned-back by police armed with riot guns. Finally, i n Augusta, Ga., after a week of racial disorder rising f r o m the picketing of supermarkets which refused to hire Negro help, a white was slain. Lee Luttes was felled by shotgun and pistol fire as he and two other white youths invaded the provoked Negro neighborhood in a car which contained a rifle and a hag of rocks. Fourteen Negroes, held without bond i n this case, have been indicted on charges of murder and inciting to riot. There were unmistakable signs that Negroes would not kneel down before rising threats of genocide, as Armageddon seemed nearer.

Jordan Wins Better Cil Deal From West A M M A N (Jordan) — Under a new agreement just concluded between the Government of Jordan, i n the Middle East, and the Western o w n e d Trans-Arabia Pipeline Company, Jordan would receive at least four million dollars a year i n royalties for pipelines crossing the country. The former royalty rate was less than a million dollars per year.

2-7130

Taylor, 7117 S. Harvard. She was kept for observation after 1st STRIKING CLOCK complaining of abdominal pains. Benjamin Banneker, who made The other injured children were America's first striking clock at treated for bruises and cuts the age of 21, was a man of from broken glass. m a n y talents, including astroSteve Pipes, driver of the nomer, almanac-maker, surveyor, All of the injured youngsters CTA bus, was charged by police botanist, zoologist, philosopher, were released after being treat- with running a red light. The wit and letter-writer. ed at St. George's and Jackson Park Hospitals with the excepN O W LISTEN T O tion of six-year-old Shirley Ann

Thirty-four children, students at the University of Islam No. 2, escaped serious injury in a collision between the school bus i n which they were passengers, and a Chicago Transit Authority bus on May 10.

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driver of the school bus, Samuel Watson, was released. Damage to the two buses estimated at $3,000 by police.

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1962

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Muslim Woman Is Model Personality By T Y N N E T T A D E A N A R Negro women are by nature creative, always seeking the unusual, the unique, the original, whether in domestic affairs, social, intellectual, educational or political. It is said that the woman is the underlying secret of any nation's success. Actually, it isn't really a secret, for her extraordinary talents are known; and without her, man would be eating out of crude earthen pots, perhaps even with their fingers, sitting on stone benches and sleeping on hard wooden floors. But the woman being a creation of beauty and charm inspires the creation of a beautiful civilization. The so-called Negro woman o f America, presently living a life she should consider as very dear love and devotion. The child, so much in departure of the life to her heart. Since we, as wom- consequently, matures, loving she previously has known, is still en, are supposedly very keen on the family and the family bonds the most creative personality in personalities and derive from and ties are very strong. The her society though i t is nothing our first contact with people a truest servants of Allah (God) hut a duplicate of white society. lasting impression, let us exam- are those who love, obey and Nevertheless, the flowering of ine the personality of the Mus- respect their parents. her genius is still apparent and lim woman and see if we don't Muslim Woman And Education is responsible for making the discover that we are really all I shall end on the same theme men of our nation more dedi- Muslims by nature. of education i n shaping the idea cated and praise worthy memModesty is above all the most of the Muslim woman's perbers of World Society. immediate recognizable features sonality. Now this is perhaps an Since the woman is always of the Muslim woman. A modes- area which should be confined seeking the "new look," the new- ty which is so thorough and in- to separate analysis but i t is in est way to make life more beau- ternal that even the thought of this field where the Muslim wotiful and beneficial, she becomes smoking in public or i n private man is particularly proficient. the real scientist of the com- is offensive to the feminine carBecause of the basic truths of munity, always testing and try- riage of the woman. The idea of ing one thing or another i n all drinking, too, is also quite un- Islam, she is more active in the the fields of human relations, becoming; participation i n any educational field and is able to from domestic to national and sportive activities is deemed as coordinate family responsibilities foreign relations. Her patience in inappropriate to the intellectual and community obligations i n this field rewards her with great and spiritual development of the this tremendous area of education on an institutional and exand lasting results. woman. perimental level, not only local Interesting Facte and national but international in Proof Of Modesty I wish to point out to the soThe manner of dress of the scope. called Negro woman of t h i s I am sure that our women are country some very interesting Muslim woman is quite obviousfacts which, in her spare time, ly a proof of the fact that modes- indeed Muslims at heart and i t ty is held i n high esteem. We is only a matter of a short time should also take note that all before we w i l l embrace each these features are contrary to other in the brotherhood of Isthe white woman's idea of femi- lam. A l l Praise is due to Allah and ninity, since she apparently does not feel the sense of modesty i n we forever thank Him for our the strict manner of her darker leader and teacher, the Honorable Elijah Muhammad. associates. A n explosion blew out the The Muslim woman, to further windows a n d blackened the walls inside of a six-room house bear this point in mind, never in an all-white neighborhood of wears makeup as i t represents Tots' T r e a t Deep Creek, Va., hut said Negro the daring, unnatural visage of A frozen banana on a stick shipyard worker, Anthony Gist, something peculiar to nature, for makes an easy, "no mess" re" I bought it, and I ain't run- nature adorns creation with all freshment for the sandpile set. ning! I'm going to move in even its features when i t is first creat- Home economists suggest you if I have to sleep on a cot." ed and bom and makes provi- peel and cut bananas in two, in. Later, someone set the $10,500 sion for its natural development sert a wooden skewer in one house on fire, but i t was saved. and growth, which should not end, dip i n sour cream, then Also, he has been threatened by be tampered with or altered by into chocolate shoot, and freeze telephone, and jeered by passers- man. uncovered in the freezing comby. For the Muslim woman, the partment of the refrigerator. Yet, Gist has stood fast. Per- child is by far the greatest gift When frozen, wrap the coated haps, he knows that hunting is from God and must be protected banana i n heavy duty foil and discouraged when the rabbits re- and reared i n an atmosphere of store i n the freezer. fuse to run.

TO MOVE OR NOT, THAT'S QUESTION

N.Y. PROGRAM POINTS WAY TO YOUTH GROWTH By

S I S T E R A U D R E Y 3X

How does a child grow up to be a decent adult? How or where does a child learn right from wrong? How or where does a child get help with his school studies or learn more about himself? These are all very important questions that we, as parents and as future parents, should ask ourselves. Because nowadays, even the mothers have to work, we can't always find time to do as much for our children as we would like. So this presents a problem to us. Here, in New York City, at 102 W. 116th street in Harlem, where our children need guidance most, there is a special Youth Program for our children from the ages of 5 to 13. This class is set up to teach our children, and to help guide them along the right way. The class is held every Saturday, from 2 until 5 p.m. The boys and girls are taught both together and separately, many things of interest. Variety In Classes The first time I attended one of the Youth Meetings, I was amazed at all the wonderful things the children knew and were being taught. Within the class the children are taught English: the parts of speech - public speaking - pronunciation grammar, etc.; Geography: they are taught about different countries and their products - imports and exports - and the countries' way of life; Arabic: the children learn their own language - they learn Arabic numbers, words, letters and Arabic history. Arts and Crafts: the children actually make different kinds of jewelry and the girls are taught how to use and sew on actual sewing machines. They make aprons, quilts, towels, pot holders, pillows and many other things. Science and Math: they have a wonderful science and math class, among many other things, chemistry is even taught to the children. Drilling: this is taught to the boys in order to teach them good self control, and they do a beautiful job of it. Child Eager To Learn A l l of these classes are run by qualified adults — qualified by the Honorable Elijah Muhammad. Who would think that a child would give up his or her Saturday to learn. It only shows that if a child is taught something of interest, not only about things, but about himself, the child is more than willing to learn. *

QUOTABLE QUOTE

. . .

"In my sermons, I emphasized that Jesus was not a white European nor an American. I preached the fact that Jesus was born in a darker-skinned area adjoining Africa, that he was brought to Africa as a child, that an African carried his cross." —Rev. Billy Graham, evangelist

Token Integration Not Enough To End Boycott Of Stores "Negro shoppers in their new determination to s e c u r e economic gains, are seeking more than token integration in stores as well as schools", according to a survey now being completed by the Center For Research In Marketing, Inc. The nationwide study found « « J » n e e of "B"vcotting, often unorganized, in ex-cry metropolitan community, North and South. In some cases, stores with particularly poor relations among Negro customers had one or two Negro sales clerks. "There was. a time when we were pleased even if the stores took on Negro porters", commented a typical respondent. "But now we want to see other jobs open to us." Since, according to the survey, the Negro community tends to buy i n Negro-operated neighborhood stores, a substantial increase i n Negro business ownership should be possible. Such an increase w o u l d undoubtedly augment t h e effectiveness of boycotts.

AMBULANCE carrying o n e v i c t i m as two other Mus-

lims tie sprawled on the sidewalk, beaten and bleeding,

badly in need of medical attention. One of the victims is now

dead, another paralyzed and five others are still hospitalized.

MUHAMMAD S P E A K S

J U N E , 1962

Star Ballplayers T a k e ' F a n s CHICAGO — City "referees" may call some 80 ball players "out" of the fabulous side profits they were making off -"flop house" type buildings i n Negro slum neighborhoods. The shocking expose of Big Name ball players who had invested more than $3 billion i n Negro slum buildings was met by quick action from Raymond H. Hilliard, chief of the Cook C o u n t y Welfare Department, who declared that no further rents would be paid the landlords until the buildings met minimum building code standards. The Big League players also faced the wrath of City of Chicago officials who initiated a drive to force the rehabilitation of some of the buildings. Charging rents described as "cruel" a n d "atrocious" the "name" ball players who had invested in dilapidated, roachfilled, bed-bug-ridden Negro slub buildings included: Sherman Lollar and Louis Aparicio of the Chicago White Sox; Ted Kluszewski, Jim Rivera, Walt Dropo and Cal McLish, former Sox players; Cletis Boyer, New York Yankees third baseman; St. Louis Cardinals star, Orestes "Minnie" Minoso,

BUSY COMMANDER The commander of the busiest police district in the world (Chicago's Wabash Station) is a Negro, Capt. Kinzie Blueitt. Ph D. MATHEMATICIANS This year's crop of male college graduates with bachelor's degrees are being offered about $480 a month on the average, i t was reported by the U . S. Department of Labor. Graduating engineers can expect to command beginning salaries i n the neighborhood of $560 a month. Salary offers for well qualified beginning mathematicians with Ph. D. degrees may be as high as $900 a month—or more than $10,000 a year. Women and liberal arts graduates w i t h bachelor's degrees w i l l generally receive less than the average of $450 cited earlier.

CRINKLY

Continued from Page 4

HOME O F THE WHITE SOX? This alleyway behind 6414-1S S. Kenwood Ave. typifies one Negro area s l u m buildings o w n e d by wealthy baseball "heroes" wherein rent aver-

AS YOURS" -

we set ourselves as individuals, it colors our thinking and our opinion of the race as a whole —in short—it has a disastrous effect. This confusion pursues many of us all through life, "like the Furies in a G r e e k play," driving us deeper into a private hell.

after applying the product advertised, is suddenly transform ed into a sparkling young center of attraction. Wrong Standard Ebony Magazine, w h i c h is probably the most widely read Negro magazine, periodically To be sure, i t is a hyperruns a feature which i t presump- ethnoeentric act—but one consotuously entitles "The World's nant with the doctrine of "White Most Beautiful Negro Women" Supremacy"—for the Caucasian or something to that effect. to hold up one of his members And what are the contents of and crown him or her Mister or this feature? Why the Cauca- Miss Universe; but i t is somesian standard of beauty, of thing else when the Negro accourse! Invariably, they w i l l cepts this standard, and then c r o w n Lena Home, Dorothy proceeds with a host of contrivDandridge, or someone else ances to warp his natural charwhose appearanee would nomi- acteristics i n a vain effort to nate them to compete rather for measure up to that alien standthe title of Miss Scandinavia, ard. Until the social values of Miss Greater Europe, or Miss human beings e v o l v e to the Anything—other than that which point where we no longer feel is indicated by the title of the the need to aggrandize ourselves feature. And what emotions do above our fellow men on the you think the typical Negro girl quicksand ground of ethnic suexperiences when she reads this periority, until that time, we will feature? Why obviously, exactly the ones that are evoked when have with us the spectacle of the she sees the results of the Miss Eskimos i n Alaska saying that America or Miss Universe con- they are the most beautiful people i n creation; the Chinese in tests! China saying that they alone are Of course, it would be face- beautiful; t h e Japanese, the tious of us to campaign for a Arabs, t h e Australian Aborilaw to ban the Caucasian stand- gines, all in their own lands sayard of beauty; but i t is of para- ing the same thing, while the mount importance that we real- Caucasian proclaims it to the enize that there is absolutely no tire world. But let us hope that such thing as a universal stand- the Negro will not still be runard of beauty for all people — ning along behind in the "white black, brown, red, yellow, white shadows" with His Hot Combs —measuring up to which they and Bleaching Creams i n an stand or fall. orgy of self-destroying mimicry. White Supremacy Psychologically, a Negro of the If Negroes continue to respond negative position, i.e., a Negablindly and unthinkingly to this tive Negro, attempts to purge indoctrination, then they as surely will continue to be plagued himself of and and all traits by the divisive self-hatreds, feel- which identify him as Negro. ings of inferiorty, etc., which This brings us to a very imporare vestiges of the by-gone days tant point, one which goes hand of the unchallenged sway of the in hand with the Caucasian odious doctrine of "White Su- standard of beauty, and yet runs premacy." When we judge our- deeper and cuts deeper than any selves by the Caucasian standard other facet of the entire affair. of beauty and find that it does The Polarized Western Mind not fit us, if we have accepted What we term as The Polarthat standard as absolute, then ized Western Mind derives from our reaction is not merely that the symbolism attached to the we think our own individual two colors, black and white, i n selves ugly, i t extends much the mind of Western man. These farther than that: i t touches ev- two colors are highly charged ery facet of our existence, i t in- and the symbolization is deeply fluences the very' value' which ingrained in the thinking ar

ages $100 a month and up. This is only one of 13 buildings in which the Cook County Department of W e l f a r e ordered cessation of rent payments. The ensuing scandal has

disclosed that some of the biggest names in major league baseball have b e e n making huge profits off the misery of Negro tenants, who cry "Foul Ball"

BROTHER . . .

culture of the West. Everything that is good, desirable, beautiful, morally elevated, pure — in short, the highest abstractions of the Western mind are denoted by the celestial hue of white And at the opposite end of the pole lies the degrading shade of black. Everthing that is debased corrupt, feared, evil, and ugly, is identified with the color black. This polarization affects the mind i n very subtle ways. The Caucasian is living in the reflected glory of the term white. By describing himself as white, the Caucasian associates himself with the highest ideals and values in our culture. What White Man Have you ever seen such a things as a white man? Wow, what a sight t h a t would be! Actually, i f the Caucasian were forced to describe his hue realistically, he would he hard pressed to discover in the spectrum that would plausibly coincide with his own. But, having labeled h i m s e l f white, whenever he hears that name called, a flattering process of association goes on in his mind. And whenever a non-Caucasian with a polarized mind utilizes the term white in referring to the Caucasian, the same associations are made. When the term black is applied to the Negro (Negro being the Latin for black), the process is reversed. Along with all of the unsavory connotations of t h e word black, in the polarized mind, the Negro is subconsciously condemned and degraded. Not that the term black is, in itself, derogatory, b u t rather that it is incumbent upon the polarized mind to make the associations that the connotations of the term carry, and through those associations, the imperative condemnation follows. A Negro with a polarized mind is daily committing a type of mental suicide on the installment plan. The component parts of his polarization are constantly gnawing away at his sanity. He has to make myriad rationalizations; but there are times w h e n the mind is unable to come up with the appropriate rationalization; these a r e the mes when' th"e" conscious men-.

tal abberrations o c c u r , the crushing of the personality under the leaden weight of the inferiority complex, t h e slow burn of suppressed rage; and these are the times when the black hand will reach for the bottle of whiskey, narcotics, or what have you, to blot out the insupportable reality which hovers above one in a stultifying cloud of condemnation, and one is further crushed when this occurs because one will describe the burdensome reality as: " A h , the black clouds." What we must do is stop associating the Caucasian with these exalted connotations of the word white when we think or speak of him. A t the Same time, we must cease associating ourselves with the unsavory connotations of the word black. "A house divided a g a i n s t itself cannot stand," how much truer this must be for the mind! We can talk, preach, and write about race pride and self-respect interminably, but in the last analysis, if we are indeed to have any pride,

we m u s t root-out from our thinking and folklore those elements which have robbed us of our pride. When a black Pres. Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana, arrayed majestically in colorful tribal robes, can stride i n towering dignity and pride onto the highest rostrum of the United Nations General Assembly, and deliver a rousing, epoch-making speech — without first pausing to either 'straighten' his hair or "bleach' his skin, the unspoken message to his brethren is unmistakable: Black in Coming Back! The rebirth of Africa, black dignity and black power, is destined to raise the black end of the yard-stick from the depths to which it was crushed by the oppressive weight of the doctrine of "White Supremacy" — raise it back into proper equilibrium. A n d then when Africa asks the American Negro with what type of hair was he born, he w i l l answer loud and clear, with dignity and pride: "As crinkly as yours."

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By C H A R L E S K E I L It seems to me that every so-called American Negro has two very important lessons to learn from the Jews—an economic lesson and a cultural one. The Muslims are moving ahead of the so-called Negroes who have not yet taken to heart the teachings of Mr. Muhammad, primarily because they have learned the first lesson, the economic one, and learned it very well indeed. When I hear a man praise the Jewish shopkeeper who sets up a small business for himself, and when I hear him talk of the Jews buying Miami Beach and not just begging for it, I know that Muslims are on the right economic track. And when I eat at a Musiim >estaurant and look at the number of shops and stores that have already been set up by Muslims, I know further that there is no reason for me to preach to thg followers of Mr. Muhammad about the wisdom of economic self-sufficiency and the absolute necessity of a strong bargaining position in today's competitive world. Economic "Self-Suffiency" As far as the economic lessons are concerned, I can only make one small suggestion, perhaps worth filing away for future reference. In Israel, the Jews have set up two types of small cooperative communities called kibbutzim and mushavim, where the people are able to work the land together in peace and harmony for the common gbod. When the day comes that Muslims own substantial lands of their own, cooperative communities of this general type, but built around the pillars of Islam, may perhaps provide the best economic base for the new way of life. As a student of society, how-

ever i t is the second aspect of the Jewish example that interests me most, and i t is this cultural lesson that may, in the long run, be of greatest importance to the Muslim program. Jews are mentally superior people; there is just no getting around this fact. White Christians, Black Muslims, Purple Polynesians — name just about any group you care to, and they all have to take second place to the Jews when it comes to intellectual achievement. T h e ideas of three men in particular have had the greatest influence on 20th Century life so far. Who are they? Sigmund Freud, Karl Marx, and Albert Einstein — three Europeans Jews. To really understand yourself or any other individual one must understand psychology and therefore Freud; to understand society and the revolutions going on around the world Marxist writings are indispensable; and for the best understanding of the u-iiverse we live i n we must turn to Einstein. Most Influential Thinkers Why is i t that three European Jews should be the most influential thinkers in the modern world? Or why is i t that although Jews make up only three per cent of the American population the greatest colleges and universities of t h e land are

literally filled with the children of Israel? I n short, why are Jews mentally and culturally superior? In answering these questions as best I can I will argue that the so-called Negro in America is next i n line for superiority of this kind and that the Muslims may well provide the necessary mechanism for this great advance. First of all we should note that so-called racial differences have nothing directly to do with mental superiority. T h e r e is nothing in the bloodstream or in the genetic make-up of Jews, or anybody else for that matter, that makes them superior. The answer lies rather in their history, their cultural traditions, their experience, and their training. This much social scientists have fairly well established. Marx, Freud and Engls One student of society in particular, however, Mr. Thorsiein Velben, has pointed out the particular factor i n the Jewish tradition and experience that has favored them above other peo pies. A young Jew in Europe— for example, Marx, Freud or Einstein—was forced to grow up with two different cultures, two different traditions, two different value systems competing for his loyalty—the Jewish tradition of his forefathers, and the Eu

ropean tradition of his neighbors. As a result of this crosscultural conflict the more intelligent young Jews were honestly confused, gave their loyalty to neither way-of-thinking, and began to think things out for themselves — the first step toward great and revoluntionary discoveries. The Jew in a hostile and alien culture is a man i n the middle; he is forced to be skeptical and doubting, he must question everything. Although i t is a position of great insecurity and sometimes suffering, there is one great advantage to being the "margin" of society, and in the middle of cultures, etc., that is CHOICE. The "marginal man" can select the best of the two great traditions, analyze and reject the worst, and i f he is intelligent enough he may even create traditions, theories, and

principles of his own, just as Marx, Freud and Einstein did. The so-called Negro i n the Wilderness of North America is in a position today that is quite similar to that of the insecure and skeptical Jew i n Europe during the turn of the century. A long tradition of suffering and privation has produced a certain amount of worldly wisdom and common sense that can be acquired i n no other way. Yet until very recently, the crucia element, CHOICE, has not been available to the black man in America because he knew only one way of life, one way 0 1 thinking, and that was the way of white American so-called civilization. The reemergence of Africa and Asia into the world has at last given black men in this country some real altemaC o n f uued on Page 20

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J U N E , 1962 MUHAMMAD S P E A K S

The Common Cold A African Ambassador Man has unleashed the energy of the atom, Balks At Separation orbit, but still is stymied by the mystery of the commorF has been victimized by the common cold. It blocks from American Negroes everyone sages. It produces a "sandpaper" throat. It stuffs the head. It average person at least twice a year, and it steals more time and money than

be respected regardless of what [ any other disease in the medical textbooks. I wear." A Senate Subcommittee which The common cold causes a loss visited Africa last year reported, of 150,000,000 work days annual- with the common cold, people "racial discrimination i n t h e ly in this country, according to have tried all kinds of remeUnited States probably is the the United States Public Health dies. These have included an most important of all barriers Service. Employee absenteeism, odorous mixture of garlic and to better understanding between medical bills and production brown sugar candy, purges, hot baths, excessive sweating, sun Africa and this country." losses, it has been estimated, Yet the suggestion regarding cost the country the staggering lamps, laxatives, faith healing, attire seems designed to divide sum of five billion dollars a special diets, alcohol and even the black man rather than alle- year. Thus, the common cold is the wearing of red underwear. viate discrimination. And divid- considered the N u m b e r One N o n e of these, scientifically ed, the black man would be less health problem facing industry speaking, has done much to deier the course of the .common able to combat i t . today. cold. Cold Baffles Doctors It took many years before J E W S MENTALLY SUPERIOR S A Y S Physicians have long been bafscientists could pinpoint the germ fled D y the common cold and its W H I T E UNIVERSITY O F C H I C A G O G R A D involved in the common cold. A elusive hit-and-run tactics. Their bacteriologist reported in 1914 Continued from Page 19 sense of frustration was aptly that he had successfully transtives, and with full knowledge phasis have not been given to a characterized by a famous physi- mitted the common cold to huof these different cultural tra- thorough educational program in cian, who remarked, "There is man volunteers with filtered naditions, the all-important choice Afro-Asian culture, Universities only one way to treat a cold— sal secretions free of bacteria. of Islam notwithstanding. Say Muslims Take Step with contempt." Then came Dr. A'phonse RayPlease correct me if this ap"The Muslims have taken the The puzzle of the common cold mond Dochez in 1931 with the first step from Negro to so-called praisal is mistaken. has given birth to many theories. finding that he had been able Negro"; they are at least aware (This is the third "letter to ! I n the 17th century, some physi to grow a cold-causing germ in of the fact that they have been the editor" submitted to MU cians tnought that the sniffles chick embryo tissues and had robbed of their traditions and HAMMAD S P E A K S by Mr. were caused cy a "flux," or dis- transmitted ? cold to a chimpandenied a choice. The second Keil, a graduate student of charge from the brain. This led zee. It is notable that only man step, i t seems to me, would be t h e University of Chicago. some people to try sniffling and the chimpanzee are suscepto regain the lost knowledge and C o m m e n t s on Mr. Keil's snuff to "clear the brain." They tible to the common cold. Subsewith i t the status of "Afro-Am viewpoints are welcomed and inhaled snutt with gusto, sneezed quently, other investigators pinerican". While I am indulging will be published in the next like thunder bur made little ned down a virus or several in the white man's habit of issue. Unsigned letters will be ! headway against their colds, strains of viruses as the culprits naming people and things, I may ignored.) i In desperately trying to cope responsible for the common cold. as well go all the way in my arrogance and describe just the Nobody knows where the comqualities that I thmk the Afromon cold virus or viruses go American of the future must have before he will be able to Phone MO 2-4717 or UN 4-2185 match and surpass the accom plishments of Freud, Marx, Ein stein, a n d other outstanding European-American Jews. A suggestion to African diplomats that they wear their native robes in the United States to distinguish them from American Negroes has been abruptly rejected. The purpose of the suggestion was to curtail racial incidents involving Africans. "That's ridiculous," one African Ambassador told U . S. protocol officers. "When I feel like wearing robes, I will. But if you ask me to do i t so everyone w i l l know I am an African, I won't. I w i l l

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Spiritual, a n d perhaps even physical withdrawal from the mainstream of white Western society, at least temporarily, must be achieved in order to judge more correctly both the good and bad points of this society. Writers, like James Baldwin, go to France for this reason, but in the future those who search for objectivity a n d unc'erstanding might be better advised to head for Africa, the West Indies. Brazil, or even Asia in preference to Europe. Some sort of initial separation seems necessary and I give the Muslims c r e d i t for working toward this end. The Afro-American of the future must have the objectivity that comes with separation or marginality.

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Satisfied With Muslim Aims Secondly, the Afro-American should be well acquainted not only with the teachings in the Koran but with the principles found in the so-called pagan religions, for instance those of the Yoruba and Zahomeans in West Africa, not to mention Voodoo as practiced in Haiti. The essentials of Bantu philosophy, as outlined in Janheinz Jahn's book, "Muntu," offer an African view of life in many ways superior to that given in the Western philosophic tradition. Not only African religion and philosophy must be learned but the styles and techniques of African art, sculpture, literature, and music must be studied and mastered if the so-called Negro is to move to the level of AfroAmerican, the level at which real choices can be made and the sources of creative originality uncovered and put to good use. To summarize briefly, I am dissatisfied with the aims, direction and first accomplishments of the Muslim economic program. My main criticism is simply that equal thought and em-

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between colas. The virus may | lie hidden i n the body until spec> a l circumstances propel i t into action. Some scientists believe that under certain stresses of life, perhaps emotional problems, the body becomes susceptible to the virus. It is thought that the cold virus is smaller than the influenza virus. The influenza virus seems to change i n strain from year to year; the strains of the cold viruses, which are more numerous than those of the influenza virus, may undergo similar changes. I f so, the development of any cold vaccine may be extremely difficult. Investigators say the common cold virus is transmitted through thousands of droplets of moisture expelled into the air by individuals who have colds. Yet they have been puzzled by the fact that when some volunteers have been exposed to people with full blown colds, not all of the volunteers have contracted the colds. I n addition, volunteers have tafcen hot baths and, wearing wet bathing suits, have stood i n drafts for a half hour without getting colds.

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J U N E , 1962

MUHAMMAD S P E A K S

ROUNDTABLE DISCUSSION: "Has the American N e g r o Made Progress?" with James Farmer, National Director of CORE; Glouster Current, NAACP Secretary of Branches:

Ossie Davis, star of Broadway hit "Purlie Victorious"; and Malcolm X, national representative of Messenger E l i j a h Muhammad; and Barry Gray, famed New York Radio moderator. During witty and lively

exchange. Malcolm X challenged the debaters to prove that the "Negro" had made any real or substantial progress towards realization of full equality and dignity within the American framework.

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Negro Town To Observe Diamond Anniversary The little all-Negro town of Mound Bayou, Mississippi has sent a good-will ambassador around the country to spread the news of the impending celebration of its Diamond Anniversary—July 12, 13, 14 and 15. Founded in 1887 by Isaiah Montgomery, a slave to Confederate President Jefferson Davis, this thriving community of 1,500 residents has sent Mrs. Altie Crowe on a good-will tour tp seek friends of Mound Bayou who are interested in helping to make the anniversary observance a national observance. Mrs. Crowe is currently in Chicago. Mound Bayou is the oldest allNegro community in the United States with its own government and taxing system. Situated in the heart of the Mississippi cotton farming belt, it has both public and parochial schools, post office, three Negro-owned and operated cotton gins, a seventybed hospital, its own police deM O N T G O M E R Y , Ala. — Segregation in the Montpartment and municipal govern- gomery, Ala. public library was attacked in a suit filed ment and a modern clinic is in recently in U . S. District Court here. the final stages of construction. The plaintiff was Robert L . Cobb, identified in the suit was one of a group of Negroes that entered the library on March 15 and sought to use its facilities. Cobb, described as a minor, alleges that he "was told he was not free to use the main library because of a city ordinance, custom, practice and usage which prohibits Negroes from using such facilities." He further complained t h a t library director, Farris J . Mar- calling for segregation of the litin, Jr., ordered him from the brary is null and void because it is in violation of the U. S. building, warning that he would Constitution a n d federal laws call the police if Cobb remained. guaranteeing civil rights. Cobb also said he was told —A declaratory judgment to he could not use the facilities of the effect that any amendment the museum on the same date. to the constitution of the MuJudge Frank M. Johnson, Jr., seum of Fine Arts which realmost immediately issued an orstricts membership to white perder turning down a request for an immediate temporary injunc- sons is null and void for the tion against segregation of the same reasons. MRS. A L T I E CROWE, long, library. Cobb brought the suit as a time resident of Mound Bayou, Besides calling for the temMississippi, is presently in porary restraining order turned class action, which means that it Chicago to find friends of the down by Johnson, the suit asks: is brought on behalf of the class —Negroes—which he represents. Negro community who will as—A p e r m a n e n t injunction sist in m a k i n g the town's against segregation in the library fiftieth anniversary a national facilities. celebration. —A declaratory judgment to the effect that any ordinance

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m 0 D A R - E S - S A L A A M , Tanganyika £ secret route out of South Africa to TiLzj Bechuanaland and Rhodesia, was used again recently when Joe Louw, coloured South African journalist, fled the country. Louw made his dash to free- tue of holding a Federal residom while awaiting a hearing on dence permit, was allowed in. his appeal against a conviction Louw then applied for permisunder the South African Im- sion to pass through the Federamorality act which prohibits mis- tion enroute to Tanganyika, but cegenation. His companion in the before it could be granted, he breach of South African law, quietly slipped across the border Miss Pamela Beira, 19, had come and travelled by car to Salisto Dar-es-Salaam some time ago. bury. Within a few hours after arriving in the Southern RhodeLouw, accompanied by a young sian capital, he and De Lissocoy Harvard University s t u d e n t , took the underground route to Peter de Lissovoy — a former the Rhodesian-Tanganyika border cub reporter in Salisbury—made and safety. his way to the British Protectorate of Bechuanaland, w h i c h shares a long unguarded border MANNEQUINS with South Africa. From there, Fashionable London d r e s s the two men sought to enter shops are beginning to use NeSouthern Rhodesia, through the gro mannequin forms in show border town of Plumtree. Louw windows to display the latest was refused permission to enter creations for madame. the country. De Lissovoy, by vir-

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