Don't cry when they lynch me April, 29 1963 By Messenger Elijah Muhammad by Muhammad Speaks

Uluhammad Sp eak$

Dedicated to Freedom, Justice and Equality for the so-called Negro. The Earth Belongs to Allah

V O L . 2 NO. 16

A P R I L

29, 1963

ill

15c—OUTSIDE

I L L I N O I S 20c

Mae Mallory to Her Mother: D

Cry W h e n

They Lynch

NEW YORK—"Don't worry about me. When they lynch me, don't cry. " I know the battle I'm fighting. I'm fighting for my people and I'm not going to give up." These were the quiet words of Mrs. Mae Mallory in Cleveland, Ohio, via telephone to her mother and daughter in New York City, just before the courageous 35-year-old freedom fighter was back behind bars again after an eightday "taste of liberty." M r s . M a l l o r y ' s " o u t " again o n bond, b u ts h eh a s spent m o r e t h a n a year i na Cleveland jail a n di s still fighting e x (Continued o nPage 2)

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F O R 3 0 0 Y E A R S here i n A m e r i c a the so-called Negroes were n o tallowed t o read o r write. They were n o t allowed to visit w h i t e church meetings ; consequently, under this condition o u r fore p a r e n t s were killed mentally. And, therefore, they a r e justified b y A l l a h ( G o d ) t ob e forgiven f o rcommitting t h e sins o f t h e devils (Caucasian race o r slave masters). F o r they h a dn ok n o w l e d g e o f G o d and H i strue religion, I s l a m entire submission t o t h e will of Allah. (God).

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A P R I L 2 9 , 196.

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" B l a c k A m e r i c a a n d C o l o n i a l i s m " last w e e k i n B e r m u d a H a l l here. H o w a r d , w h o heads a news service a t t h e U n i t e d X a t i o n s , d e c l a r e d t h a t A f r i c a n s a r e c a t e g o r i c a l l y d e m a n d i n g a b o u t f r e e d o m i n A f r i c a . I n . 1960 t h e r i g h t o f m a j o r i t y r u l e a n dr e j e c t i n g t h et h e o r y t h a t p r o p - the A f r o - A s i a n bloc g o t through very subtly a resolution asserting erty rights aresuperior t o h u m a n rights. H e s p o k e o n " t h e E c o n o m i c B a s i s o f C o l o n i a l i s m . " d e - that i t is right for m e n t o be free. That is m u c h more, important t a i l i n g t h ee x p l o i t a t i o n b y E u r o p e a n n a t i o n s o f A f r i c a a n d t h e t h a n i t sounds. blood, sweat a n dtears shed b y Africans, a t t h e f o r u m sponS E L M A S P A R K S of the H a r l e m sored b y t h eH a r l e m Anti-Colonial C o m m i t t e e . T H E R I C H E S T m i n e r a l s a n d m a t e r i a l resources i n t h e Anti-Colonial Committee a n d a w o r l d l i e - i n a n a r e a b e l o w a l i n e 1 0 d e g r e e s s o u t h o f t h e delegate a t t h e W o r l d Ban-theEquator (which mcludes Angola, t h e Congo, Tanganyika, -Northern a n d S o u t h e r n Rhodesia, Nyasaland, M o z a m b i q u e , d a n g e r Qf w o r M w a r flQWS South West Africa and South Africa.) those powers t h a t seek t o m a i n " I n d e p e n d e n c e h a s r u n i n t o a r o a d b l o c k i n t h i s area," tain colonial exploitation as a H o w a r d c h a r g e d . " T h e r e i s n ' t a s i n g l e i n d e p e n d e n t c o u n t r y basic part of their continued profsouth o ft h e Congo." it-making drive." H o w a r d b l a m e d t h i s o n 13 l a r g e She said that today because o f corporations lhat o w n and control the struggles being waged b y cothe valuable r e lonial a n d f o r m e r - c o l o n i a l peosources i n t h i s ples, these exploiters a r e losing /region. "They what they have viewed as their j r e p r e s e n t the own property and h u m a n chattel. j greatest concen" A s a result, desperation a n d j tration of big |money anywhere frustration besets these internajin theworld," he tional exploiters and the threat of I said, a n d wield war becomes their m a i n t r u m p , " • "strangle h o l d " she said. " T h e o n l y t h i n g t h a t • • ^ m P ^ E pressure a n d i n has served t o check t h e m is that H m I P M f l S H fluence i n t h e s e they will bring death t o themWBkjB^^" Tj countries, affectselves i f they a c ttoo rashly." •hHL S i n g t h e lives o f Miss Sparks insisted that Negro m m i ^ " a l l the Africans. A m e r i c a n s have a stake i n t h e HOWARD T h e 13 c o r p o r a independence struggles i n Africa tions, comprising British, French, because " o u r present experience Belgian, United States a n d South and past history teaches us that African interests, have interlockthose w h o k n o w oppression c a n SELMA SPARKS ing directorates. fight against i tmost clearly, with H o w a r d predicted that " t h e n e x t great struggles i n A f r i c a a r e e d f r o m these a r e a s b y these cor- n o illusions t o i t s r e a l m e a n i n g . " in Angola a n d M o z a m b i q u e " a n d porations negates a n y change i n warned that " w e a r e building u p their policy as a result o f m o r a l J a m a i c a n s Start B a c k to a tragic blood bath i n A f r i c a . " or other persuasion, he r e T o A f r i c a M o v e m e n t " T H E N A T O P O W E R S have marked. a r m e d South Africa t o the teeth." DISCUSSING ANGOLA, Howard K I N G S T O N — A petition callhe observed. " S o u t h Africa h a s disclosed that " t h e Portuguese ing upon leaders o f independent t h e m o s t w e l l - e q u i p p e d a r m y a n y - h a v e 40,000 a r m e d t r o o p s t h e r e . A f r i c a n c o u n t r i e s t o c r e a t e a where i n Africa. T h e y said t w o years a g o that t h e fund t o assist J a m a i c a n s t o r e 'The interlocking directorates r e b e l l i o n w a s crushed. I t u r n t o Africa is being circulated have been itching for a fight with c a n s a y t o you that there a r e i n through t h e city a n d t h e island, t h e r e s t o f A f r i c a , " H o w a r d c o n - t r a i n i n g a r o u n d 6,000 A n g o l a n s i n T h e p e t i t i o n , c a l l i n g t h e f u n d tinued. " T h u s f a r t h e rest o f Af- the Congo and m o r e i n A l g e r i a . " "The Back t o Africa Redemprica h a s a b i g a r m y only o n pa- O n t h e U n i t e d Nations, h e de- tion and R e p a t r i a t i o n F u n d , " also per. T h e r e h a s never been a n clared that "the U N is developing urges assistance i n t h e propagaa c t u a l get together," h e said. m a c h i n e r y that is h a v i n g a t r e - tion a n d p r o m u l g a t i o n of t h e " T h e fantastic wealth extract- mendous influence i n bringing African doctrine.

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R A G G E D B U T determined A n g o l a n troops drill with w o o d e n guns a t a secret training camp. Patriots a r e preparing t o open guerrilla attacks t o drive Portuguese colonialists from their native Angola.

G H A N A ' S PRIME Minister Kwame Nkrumah's program moves another step forward as Nancy A b a d i o ^ e n t e r , prepares t o return home after years o fstudy i nt h eI W . , during which she developed into a t o p flight radio isotopes a n d X-ray Technician.. Nancy receives farewell gift from fellow students (leftl Ebenezer Lamptey, T o m Oduro-Kwarten, Ohene Boakye, Emanuel Boateng a n d W a r r e n Kassery.

UAR Defends Right to Hire German Scientists (Special t o M u h a m m a d Speaks) w a s fingered as t h e M a h m o u d R i a d pointed t o t h e or terrorize G e r m a n scientists i n F r a n c e chief source o f nuclear help t o U N I T E D N A T I O N S , N . Y . — E g y p t ' s a n s w e r t o recent action o f t h e Swiss gov- the U A R . ernment i n arresting several I s T h e ambassador denounced Israel. t h e I s r a e l ' s c h a r g e t h a t t h e U n i t e d A r a b R e p u b l i c i s j raeli secret agents i n that counw h a t h e called the "Israeli prac" T H E A T O M I C reactor i n I s using G e r m a n scientists t o b u i l d a t o m i c w e a p o n s I t r y , a n d t h e activities o f Israeli tice" o f sending bombs i n packrael is capable of building a small w a s given exclusively t o M u h a m m a d Speaks h e r e : a g e n t s i n a t t e m p t i n g t o h a r a s s a g e s to G e r m a n s c i e n t i s t s i n t h e a t o m i c b o m b , " a n E g y p t i a n , U A R . H e charged that a G e r m a n spokesman charged, " a n d Israel last w e e k b y A m b a s s a d o r M a h m o u d R i a d , w h o s c i e n t i s t a n d five U A R s c i e n t i s t s n o w i s s e l l i n g h e a v y w a t e r t o M U H A M M A D SPEAKS h e a d s t h eU A R U n i t e d Nations mission. were killed by such a bomb. France." P u b l i s h e d B i W e e k l y " W e a r e n o t t h eo n l y c o u n H E A L S O declared t h e Israeli The U A R official iurther stated Checking the reaction of t h e t r y u s i n g f o r e i g n s c i e n t i s t s , " that his country not only is using agents have engaged i n making A p r i l 29, 1963 "threats of death" and employing West G e r m a n government, which the U A Rambassador said. G e r m a n scientists, but the talents V o l . 2 , N o . 1 6 !other pressure tactics t o panic maintains a permanent observer " T h e U n i t e d S t a t e s h a s m a n y of scientists f r o m m a n y countries Published by the families o f G e r m a n scientists here, M u h a m m a d Speaks w a s t o p s c i e n t i s t s f r o m G e r m a n y , of t h e w o r l d . told: in Egypt. W H I L E D E N Y I N G t h a t G e r M u h a m m a d ' s M o s q u e N o . 2 including W e h r n e r V o n M u h a m m a d S p e a k s w a s t o l d " I don't t h i n k t h e G e r m a n scim a n s c i e n t i s t s i n t h e U A R a r e Braun, w h o is director o f the 4 3 4 East 7 9 t h St.. C h i c a g o 1 9 . U L t h a t E g y p t i s " g o i n g a h e a d w i t h e n t i s t s i n t h e U A R a r e a t o m i c b u i l d i n g a p p a r a t u s f o r c h e m i c a l N a t i o n a l Aeronautics a n d ABerdeen 4-8622-23 its scientific progress" i n order scientists. A s w e a r e i n f o r m e d , or bacteriological warfare. A m S p a c e A d m i n i s t r a t i o n ' s b a s s a d o r R i a d c h a r g e d d i r e c t l y Application t o mail as socoad-ctass p o t t o ? t o b u i l d a c o u n t r y s t r o n g e n o u g h t h e r e a r e e i g h t o r 1 0 G e r m a n fetes i« ponding at Chicago, flfinora George C. Marshall S p a c e that Israel itself w a sbuilding a n to offset t h e k i n d o f invasion i t scientists there w h o a r e j e t engiSUBSCRIPTION RATES: F l i g h t C e n t e r i n H u n t s v i l l e , atomic reactor with t h e a i d o f suffered during t h e Suez Canal neers, a n d t w o a r e w o r k i n g o n In Chicago I I t.«ee< $1.50, 10 I.Sue. $1 40, , c r i s i s . rockets." Ala." France. Outside Chicago. I I Issues SI JO.

A P R I L

M U H A M M A D

29. 1963

S P E A K S

World Looks As Muslims Go On Trial

MINISTER J A M E S Shabazz o f C h i c a g o , w h ois a c t i n g a s t h e O f f i c i a l R e p r e s e n t a t i v e o ft h e H o n o r a b l e Elijah M u h a m m a d , at t h e M u s l i m s Trial. D u e t o illness M r . M u h a m m a d dispatched Minister Shabazz t o Los A n g e l e s t o a c t i n h i sb e half.

LOS A N G E L E S â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Selection o f a jury f o rt h e crucial trial o f 14M u s l i m s proceeded s l o w l y here i nt h emidst o fa n atmosphere o f hostility f r o m t h ew h i t e press a n dgrave concern expressed i n m a n y Negro communities throughout t h e nation. W h i l e t h etrial preparations E v a n L e w i s , i n c h a r g e o ft h e go o n inside t h e c o u r t r o o m o f prosecution, said h e expects S u p e r i o r C o u r t Judge D a v i d to call about 7 0 witnesses Coleman, ( t h e same Judge during t h e trial, w h i c h ise x who heard t h e third Finch pected t o take m o r e than 10 trial) questions asked i n weeks and which observers many X e g r o areas w e r e here predict m a y be o n eo f these : the most explosive i n t h e n a " W H Y A R E M U S L I M S , tion's history. who were targets t o r police A T T Y . B R O A D Y , w h o is bullets that killed one o f them, d e f ending a l l 14 o f t h e M u s w ounded sixothers a n d paralims, said h e t o o will present lyzed another, o n trial?" witnesses t oprove his contenAnd " w h y a r e 2 0 0 specially tion that t h e accused m e n a r m e d officers located i n t h e were unarmed and merely courthouse while t h e jury is acting i n their o w n defense. being selected w h e n i t is well The internationally reportknow n that Muslims carry n o ed i n c i d e n t h a d i t s b e g i n n i n g w e a ]> o n s w h a t s o e v e r a n d on A p r i l 2 7 . 1962. w h e n t w o eschew violence ?" w h i t e police officers decided A M I D S U C H A N A T M O S to q u e s t i o n " t w om a l e N e P H E R E Defence Attorney groes" (as t h e police called Karl Broady asked prospecthem) w h o were s e l l i n g tive j u r o r s i ft h e fact that t h e clothes from a parked car a t Muslims were a "so-called 37th a n d Broadway. anti-Christian sect" w o u l d affect t h e i r j u d g m e n t . But soon after t h e "quesB r o a d y inquired also i f t h e tioning started," m o r e t h a n 5 0 fact t h a t t h edefendants w e r e cops h a ds h o t d o w n seven u n O n e o f N e g r o e s would bear a n y armed Muslim men. w e i g h t i n t h e i r d e t e r m i n i n g jt h em e n died i nt h estreet a n d guilt o r innocence. !a n o t h e r i s p a r a l y z e d f r o m t h e Deputy District Attorney waist down.

W I D O W o f t h e late Ronald Stokes, M r s . Dolores Stokes, holds her infant daughter, Saudi. W i t h t h e m i np h o t o is Minister John M o r r i s o f t h e L o sA n g e l e s M o s q u e , w h o is c h a r g e d w i t h " a s sault" with intent t o commit murder. Police then ransacked a nearby M u s l i m Mosque, disr u p t i n g w o r s h i p service, a n d ripped t h e clothing o f M u s lim brothers gathered there. Officers said t h e y invaded t h e Mosque because they "heard" a g u n w a sthere. N o'gun o r any other type weapon w a s found. D U R I N G t h e hearings last December. Officer D o n a l d Weese, w h o cooly admitted slav i n g R o n a l d S t o k e s , said h e emptied his g u n into the b o d i e s o f five m e n , h i t a s i x t h over t h e head w i t h t h e e m p t y revolver, a n d ordered the w o u n d e d m e n handcuffed as t h e v l a ybleeding o n t h e sidewalk. Stokes, i t w a s revealed, w a s m o r e t h a n s i xfeet f r o m Weese andhadhisarms upraised w h e n h e w a s fatally shot.

T h i r t e e n o ft h eM u s l i m s a r e charged with "resisting arrest" a n d"assault." T h e fourteenth, Minister John M o r r i s of t h e local M u s l i m M o s q u e , is a c c u s e d o f " a s s a u l t " with intent t o commit murder. A L T H O U G H P O L I C E C L A I M that Minister Morris "shot" Officer F r a n k T o m l i n son d u r i n g t h e wild conflict, they waited almost six months after April 27 t o arrest M o r ris f o r T o m l i n s o n ' s s h o o t i n g . The thirteen other defendants are Nathan Rivers, 3 6 ; T r o y A u g u s t i n e , J r . ,2 1 ; R a n dolph Sidle, 3 0 ; R a y m o n d W i l l e y , 2 1 ;W i l l i a m Rogers, 26; A r t h u r C o l e m a n , Jr., 2 7 ; M o n r o e Jones, 2 1 ; Fred Jingles, Jr., 2 3 ; L e w i s R . Bucie, 2 7 ; E l m e r Craft, Jr., 22; C h a r l e s Z e n o , 3 5 ; R o o s e velt Walker, 27, a n d Robert Rogers, 19.

A Mother's Long Freedom

"black militancy a n d outspokeness," opined M r s . B r o w n . "Mae spoke a t innumerable public meetings i nOhio about h e r case as well as t h e oppression and exploitation o f so-called N e groes i n this country. I t w a s this that the white authorities wanted to s t o p , " s h e c h a r g e d . The F B I has haunted M r s . B r o w n d a y a n d night, she reported. " B e f o r e they located M a e i n Cleveland a n d threw h e r i n jail, one m o r n i n g F B Iagents came here a n d asked m e where she was. I told them, T don't know.' "

(Continued f r o m Page 1) tradition t o M o n r o e , N o r t h Carolina, w h e r e s h eis accused o f "kidnapping" a w h i t e couple during a night o f terror w h e n w h i t e racists attacked Negroes i n 1961. In t h e H a r l e m apartment o f M a e Mallory lives h e r m o t h e r , M r s . W i l l i e L e eB r o w n a n d h e r 17-year-old daughter, P a t r i c i a M a l l o r y . As tears streamed d o w n h e rcheeks, M r s . B r o w n related the last telephone conversation w i t h her daughter: " I pleaded w i t h her, ' M a e r e m e m b e r y o u g o tt w o children.' " She replied: "Yes, I k n o w , Mother. B u t w h a t good is t h e life o f m y t w o kids living i n a hell like t h i s ? I tis n o good for m e a n d i t i s n o g o o d f o rm y c h i l d r e n . " " P A T S Y (Mae's d a u g h t e r ) couldn't talk o r listen t oher m o t h - school. H e stays with a n aunt i n er a n y m o r e , she r a n into t h e B r o o k l y n . bathroom a n d began t o weep. I " I have gone t h r o u g h m a n y couldn't console h e r because I miserable days a n d nights with didn't w a n t h e r t o see m e cry- m y burden a n d w i t h Patsy's buring," said M r s . B r o w n . den too," indicated M r s . Brown. It h a s been a v e r y tiring ordeal " I t is especially hard w h e n I see for M a e M a l l o r y ' s m o t h e r a n d P a t s y , w h o i s v e r y d e v o t e d t o Mae's c h i l d r e n . M r s . B r o w n her mother, i n tears," she said. w o r k s i n a N e wY o r k City hosM R S . B R O W N talked about t h e pital, keeps u p h e r daughter's e a r l y years i n t h e life o f h e r H a r l e m apartment a n d cares f o r only child: " M a e w a s born i n her granddaughter, Patricia. Pat- Macon, Georgia. She h a s always sy will graduate f r o m high school been a fighter f o r equal justice, in June b u t faces a n u n c e r t a i n f r o m childhood o n u p . I recall future. when she w a s seven years o l d M A E ' S O T H E R child, 16-year- a n d w a n t e d t o r o l l e r skate. I n old K e i f e r , is a j u n i o r i n high our j i m c r o w neighborhood this

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PATRICIA

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was impossible because there City b y focusing attention o nt h e were n o cemented sidewalks. S o plight o f Negro youngsters enMae, w i t h a N e g r o friend o f hers deavoring t o secure a decent eduwent t o a white neighborhood cation. where there w a s a place t o " A S A R E S U L T o f this presskate." sure, beginning measures were Mrs. B r o w n m i g r a t e d t o N e w adopted t ocorrect the overcrowdY o r k City w i t h h e r daughter ing a n d j i m c r o w n a t u r e o f H a r w h e n M a e w a s 10 y e a r s old. lem s c h o o l s a n dtheir curricu"When she w a s grown, I w a s lums." even prouder o f her," commentThe reason w h yh e r daughter ed M r s . B r o w n . " M a e w a so n e o f w a s kept under lock a n d k e y , i n the H a r l e m N i n e w h o initiated contrast t o other M o n r o e defendthe fight against segregated a n d ents w h o were free o n bail pendinferior schools i n N e w Y o r k ing trial, w a s because o f h e r

So o n e o f t h e m said to m e , "We're going to get h e r i f she stays o n land." "This aggravated m e so much that I said t o t h e m , 'Yes, y o u w i l l g e t h e r . T h e r e is o n e question, however, I w a n t t o a s k you. Where were you when they murdered E m m e t t Till? W e r e y o u this busy? Y o u will get M a e because she i s black. B u t t h e m u r d e r e r s of E m m e t t T i l l w e r e n ' t black, they were white. Nobody seems to b e able t o f i n d t h e m b u t y o u will get Mae.' " "He

said, T didn't come t o talk (Continued o nPage 4)

M U H A M M A D

MOTHER'S

For

Life,

solution a n d true answer f o r us so-called Negroes w h o constitute politics, I c a m e t o see i f I could a nation, i n captivity, within a nation. I t has been repeatedly find your daughter.' " Prominently displayed i n M a eproved that integration with the Mallory's apartment is a portrait white m a n doesn't provide t h e of P a t r i c e L u m u m b a " T h e por- a n s w e r , " s h e said. trait belongs t o M a e , " h e r m o t h M R S . B R O W N expressed appreer stated. " L u m u m b a w a s m u r - ciation t o M U H A M M A D S P E A K S d e r e d p u r p o s e l y f o r w h a t h e w a s for g i v i n g e x t e n s i v e c o v e r a g e t o doing for his people i n t h e Congo. her daughter's fight against e x He was a great m a n , " she said. tradition from Ohio toNorth Caro" I T E L L Y O U W H A T started lina a n d f o r r e v e a l i n g t h e facts m e t o discovering, t h i n k i n g a n d in h e r case. " I often t a l k w i t h m y sister, reading a l o t about o u r proud ancestry a n d A f r i c a n culture," who is a M u s l i m , about M a e a n d she c o n t i n u e d . " I t w a s m y daugh- the p l i g h t o f black people i n this ter. A l s o since I h a v e been i n country, as I also d o w i t h m y New Y o r k City, I have learned uncle, w h o h a s been a follower m u c h f r o m l i s t e n i n g t o t h e t a l k s of E l i j a h M u h a m m a d f o r t h e l a s t o f M a l c o l m X a n d r e a d i n g M U - 30 y e a r s , " s h e r e v e a l e d . HAMMAD SPEAKS. " I T S E E M S T O be that t h e (Continued from Page 3)

"One thing I agree totally with the M u s l i m s about is that w e must separate," asserted M r s . B r o w n . "Separation is t h e only

uniting o f the black masses i n this country, as incomplete as i t is, i s , n o n e t h e l e s s , m o r e t h a n i t has ever been," M r s . B r o w n r e -

The Lily-White Loaf

Bag Wonder Bread In Boston Boycott R O X B U R Y , Mass.—The militant Boston Action Group, m a k i n g i t clear that i twill n o t take t h epressure o f f W o n d e r Bread until its demands that Negroes be given equal j o b opportunities, backed u p itsboycott w i t h a " M a r c h f o r Fair E m p l o y m e n t " through t h e streets here. Since the drive began M a r c h 24, W o n d e r B r e a d h a s h i r e d f o u r Negroes as salesmen. However, the B o s t o n Action Group i n dicated its intention t o continue the campaign until m o r e Negro employees are hired. "We believe t h e hiring of four

Negrcej is a hopeful sign that Wonder Bread will hire the rem a i n i n g eight w o r k e r s soon a n d demonstrate their good faith i n the N e g r o c o m m u n i t y , " a B A G spokesman said. IN F E B R U A R Y , the g r o u p

S P E A K S

PLEA Freedom m a r k e d . " A n d I believe that i t is the direct result, a n d I ' m n o t just saying i t because y o ua r e here, o f t h e teachings of Elijah Muhammad. Father Divine w a s good i n h i s w a y b u t he didn't arouse t h e consciousness o f t h e black masses as Muhammad has," she said. Mrs. B r o w n urged MUHAMM A D S P E A K S readers to send telegrams o r letters to Governor J a m e s A . Rhodes, State House, Columbus, Ohio, urging the Ohio chief executive t o deny extradition of M a e Mallory to North Carolina "where there is n o justice f o r a black w o m a n " a n d t o grant h e ra s y l u m i nChio. S H E A L S O suggested telegrams or letters p r o t e s t i n g t h e persecution o f M a e M a l l o r y be sent t o U S. A t t o r n e y General R o b e r t Kennedy, Department o f Justice, C A P T A I N R A Y M O N D Sharrieff, D i r e c t o r o f t h e F r u i t o f I s l a m Washington, D.C. a n d the United (left) a n d N a t i o n a l Secretary John A l i , pause outside LouisiStates C o m m i s s i o n o n Civil ana's S t a t e S u p r e m e C o u r t b u i l d i n g w h e r e t h e y w e n t t o o b Rights, Washington, D.C. serve trial o f Muslim Minister Troy X o f M o n r o e , La., charged with "anarchy" following police raid upon Mosque i n 1961. a s k e d W o n d e r B r e a d t o h i r e 12 M o d e r n i s t i c t o t h e l a s t d e t a i l , a l l f a c i l i t i e s i n c l u d i n g d r i n k i n g Negroes: five driver-salesmen, fountains i nt h e " H o u s e o fJustice" w e r e segregated, reserving one long-distance t r u c k driver, four secretaries a n d t w o plant t h e i n f e r i o r a c c o m m o d a t i o n s f o r N e g r o e s . workers "above the level of jani t o r " w i t h i n 30 days. devote a n entire Sunday m o r n i n g ! " W e w o u l d like to see this sit1 B y M a r c h 18, t h e c o m p a n y h a d s e r m o n t o t h e " W o n d e r B r e a d u a t i o n f a v o r a b l y r e s o l v e d as soon s i t u a t i o n . " • a/ possible." B A G said. not h i r e d a n y o f t h e 12 r e q u e s t e d by B A G , saying i t already h a d hired eight Negroes. B A G pointed DAILY - H O M E C O O K E D MEALS out t h a t eight w o r k e r s a r e " e m ployed i n the production department a n d lacking i n the opportunity f o r significant advancement or t h e s a l a r y plus c o m m i s s i o n " PHONE C H I C A G O , ILL. 6319 COTTAGE GROVE arrangement o f salesmen. 643-1919 In answering the company's claim that i t h a d a n excellent past relationship w i t h Negroes of t h e a r e a , t h e B A G s p o k e s m a n said, " T h e N e g r o community never k n e w t h e facts before. "The best w a y t o insure a good relationship i n the future is t o h'.re N e g r o w o r k e r s o n a l l l e v e l s of the o p e r a t i o n , " h e added. The m a r c h here w a s labled "quite successful" b y officials o f the equal rights organization. T h e m a r c h e r s , l e d b y m i n i . t e r s , disEvery W e d n e s d a y and Friday, at 8:00 P.M. t r i b u t e d m o r e t h a n 5,000 l e a f l e t s . Sundays at 2:00 P.M. "The idea is s i m p l e , " B A G said. " W ejust suggest that N e groes don't b u y where they can't be h i r e d f a i r l y . " The Boston A c t i o n Group, dedicated to the fight f o r equality i n 6 5 4 - 5 6 E.4 7 t h St., C h i c a g o 5 3 ,III. KE 6-9216 the Boston area " b y w o r d a n d action," is conducting t h e Wonder Bread boycott i nconjunction with the R o x b u r y Ministerial AU'ance and other c o m m u n i t y groups. "We already have a network o f m o r e t h a n 1 5 0 b l o c k c a p t a i n s | HIGH-BOY-SI 2.50. Colors: 2 UNBORN CALF HI-BOY - 3 DOUBLE LIFE IMPORTED— Grey, Tan, Dk. Green, Dr. $13.00. Colors: Char. Black $15.00. Colors: Black, Char. w h o a r e r e e p o n s i b l e f o r d i s t r i b u t - ' Brown, Black, Dk. Grey, and W h i t e , or B r o w n and Brown, Olive Green, Grey, ing i n f o r m a t i o n a n d c o o r d i n a t i n g Navy. White. and W h i t e . efforts o n their blocks," B A G asserted. In addition, some ministers

M c K

IE ' S

RESTAURANT

VISIT

Muhammad's

M O S Q U E No. 2

5335 S. Greenwood, Chgo.,

BACON'S CUSTOM HATTERS

ZELLOUS CLEANERS ALTERATIONS

Pick-l/p and Delivery Service

361

EAST 69th STREET STewart 3-9572 C H I C A G O , ILLINOIS

CROOK M A R I L Y N S A U N D E R S o f t h e Boston Action Group ( B A G ) distributes pamphlets which urge consumers t o stop buying W o n d e r Bread until t h e c o m p a n y hires Negroes i n a variety of sales a n dc l e r i c a l positions.

FUNERAL HOME 4 6 3 8 S. I N D I A N A A V E N U E D R e x el 3 - 6 6 3 2 CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

BIG S H A G — $20.00 & 4 IMPORTED VELOUR HI-BOY K SHAG HIGH-BOY—$12.50 & $15.00. C o l o r s : White $25.00. C o l o r s : White, — $15.00. C o l o r s : Black, Black, Grey, Dk. Green, Black, Grey, Char. Brown, Char. B r o w n , Grey, Olive and Dk. Brown. Olive Green. Green. .. ORDER T O D A Y ! — O N L Y BACON CUSTOM HATTER HAS THESE HATS C H E C K B R I M S I Z E : 1 V2 — 1 VA — 1' — 1 5 / s — 1 Va C I R C L E H A T S I Z E : 6 V 2 - V* - VA - V* 7Va - VA - Va - V2 S A V E I H a t * S e n t ?ostag« F r e e I f C h e c k or M o n e y Order Actompanies Order, (Circle n u m b e r y e a wont.) t % 3 4 S 6

I B A C O N C U S T O M HATTERS j 6 5 4 - 5 6 E. 4 7 t h S t . C h i c a g o 5 3 , III. COLOR

SIZE. . O PLEASE SEND COD $2.00 DEPOSIT REQUIRED ON ALL C.O.D. ORDERS NAME ADDRESS APT... CITY Z O N E . . . STATE . . .

A P R I L

29.

1963

M U H A M M A D

S P E A K S

A m e r i c a If W h i t e J o b l e s s Matched Negro: Randolph

A. Philip Randolph

What are the bitter fruits of jobs by "race" and low wages? What are the side side-effects of unemployment in the Negro â&#x20AC;˘ communities of the nation? A. Philip Randolph, founder and president of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters anda vice president of the AFL-CIO, in this final installment of his threepart interview with Muhammad Speaks, discusses these and other questions in his frank, hard-hitting analysis of the American labor scene, with emphasis on the desperate unemployment situation as it pertains to the Negro. â&#x20AC;˘the m a k i n g . I c o u l d n ' t m a k e said any c o m m e n t o n that yet b u t man we are going now t o hold a m e e t i n g and discuss the quesR A N D O L P H : T h a t is t r u e ilies a n d h o m e s . I t leads t o tion o f t h e m o b i l i z a t i o n t o It s i m p l y m e a n s t h a t r e c e s - t h e y o u n g s t e r s i nt h e f a m i l i e s W a s h i n g t o n a n d t h e d e m o n stration o n this vital ecosions a r e never as severe as seeking e s c a p e f r o m t h e n o m i c issue. d e p r e s s i o n s . T h e r a t e o f u n -b l e a k n e s s o f the home into But t h e President himself e m p l o y m e n t i n a recession is the dream world o f narcotics relatively mild b u t t h e rate and alcohol. I t leads t o d e - ought t o k n o w that i t is n o t of u n e m p l o y m e n t a m o n g Ne- inquency . and crime. These a question o fwhat t h e Negro groes is a l w a y s high. T a k e are t h eby-products o f inade- leaders s a y alone hut a quesfor instance n o w . w e have a quate i n c o m e i n t h e f o r m o f tion o fw h a t the black masses say. T h e gteat l a b o r i n g black 5.6 p e r c e n t n a t i o n a l u n e m - w a g e s . masses, w h a t d o they say? ployment rate b u t i t is 15.3 You take t h e h o s p i t a l H o w d o they feel about it? per cent a m o n g Negroes. workers. Y o u h a v e hospital , Leaders come a n d g ob u t I f y o u h a d 15.3 p e r c e n t u n - w o r k e r s w h o g e t a b o u t $ 9 5 the people remain. Conseemployment among whites i n every t w o weeks. quently, you have got to listen this c o u n t r y , y o uw o u l d . a l I k n o w o f o n e f a m i l y to t h e voice o f t h e black most have a revolution. (mother, father and t w o chil- I people o n this question. I T a k e i t f r o m m e . I f t h e r e d r e n ) t h a t i f t h e y w e r e o n jt h i n k t h e y a r e r e a d y t o s p e a k w a s 1 5 . 3 p e r c e n t u n e m p l o y - r e l i e f t h e y w o u l d g e t $ 3 3o n t h i s s e r i o u s i s s u e . ment among white workers more every two weeks than M U H A M M A D S P E A K S : in t h e United States there they receive i nthe wages t h e w o u l d b e chaos and confusion father gets. Y o u k n o w that D o y o u t h i n k that t h e C o m e v e r y w h e r e a n d m a r c h e s a l l is a p r o b l e m . T h a t i s d u e t o m o n M a r k e t i n E u r o p e h a s a over t h e nation. B u t black the fact that w e a r e a l o w - bearing o n t h e rapid pace o f that is taking w o r k e r s don't seem t o realize w a g e group, a l o w - s k i l l automation p l a c e i n t h e L ' n i t e d States? what is going on. group, w e a r e unorganized M U H A M M A D S P E A K S : M r . R a n d o l p h , i t h a sb e e n that " w h e n t h e w h i t e m a n is in a recession, t h eblack is i n a d e p r e s s i o n . "

M U H A M M A D S P E A K S : Y o u s p o k e o f t h el o w m e d i a n w age o f t h eN e g r o . D o e s t h i s ow income, f r u s t r a t i o n , w here t h e f a t h e r sees h e ' i s " W H I T E O N L Y " says sign, advising Southern N e g r o job-seeker not e a r n i n g e n o u g h m o n e y t o of t h e color b a r i n employment. Behind-the-scenes collusion take care o f h i s family, lead between some unions and employers restricts substantial n u m - to alcoholism, dope addiction? bers o f Negroes a n d denies thousands o f others o f a j o b o f R A N D O L P H : I t does, e x any kind. actly. I t leads t o b r o k e n f a m -

and unconscious o fo u r plight R A N D O L P H : The Comand i m p e n d i n g disaster. C o n - m o n M a r k e t i nE u r o p e i s one s e q u e n t l y , w ea r e i n a p a t h e t - o f t h en e w d e m o n s t r a t i o n s o f ic condition. r e c o g n i t i o n o n t h e p a r t o fi n M U H A M M A D S P E A K S : dividual nations that n o single Regarding the m a r c h o n nation c a nstand alone i n t h e Washington, D . C , a r e y o u re- great surge o f e c o n o m i c questing t o s e e President change i nthe w o r l d . Consequently, t h e y have Kennedy ? R A N D O L P H : This is all in ,

( C o n t i n u e d o n P a g e 6)

M U H A M M A D

A P R I L 29, 1963

S P E A K S

Disaster Looms For Negroes In Job Struggle: Randolph (Continued from Page 5) united f o r t h e purpose o f abolishing w h a t is k n o w n as tariff barriers i n order that commodities will flow freely from one country t o another. Now, w h a t does that m e a n ? That means that i fyour exports a r elower than your i m ports, then y o uhave a nu n favorable balance o ftrade and an unfavorable balance o f payments. Now, the marketability o f L'nited States products is based o n t h e e l e m e n t o f costs. The foundations o f t h e elem e n t o f costs is wages—-the labor costs. Therefore, y o u

take t h eb i gindustrialists a n d financiers in this country, what arethey doing? T h e y a r e fighting a n y m o v e m e n t o n t h epart o ft h e w o r k ers t o increase their w a g e s o n the grounds that increasing wages makes f o r inflation, and with inflation t h e value of t h e dollar goes d o w n . T h e w o r k i n g class o f this c o u n t r y faces a tragic problem. O n l y less t r a g i c t h a n t h e p r o b l e m black w o r k e r s face. I don't see that t h e American iabor m o v e m e n t understands that t h o r o u g h l y a n d completely. I t is a serious question. M U H A M M A D S P E A K S :

Is t h e r e a n y e f f o r t o r i n c l i n a tion o n t h epart o ft h e organized labor m o v e m e n t t o m o v e into t w o areas, w h i c h o b servers have called important, to o r g a n i z e ( 1 ) w o r k e r s i n the South a n d ( 2 )those having so-called white collar jobs ? R A N D O L P H : Yes, Labor is a t t e m p t i n g t o m o v e i n t o those areas. Number one, Labor will n o t m a k e a success in a t t e m p t i n g t o organize t h e South until they squarely meet this question o f color and race. I th a sn e v e r done it. Number t w o , so f a r as white-collar workers are concerned, they a r ei nt h e process of w o r k i n g o n that. T h e teachers i n N e w Y o r k City, f o r i n s t a n c e , f o r t h e first t i m e have developed a union a n d have called a strike. Y o u perhaps r e m e m b e r that? They are n o wn e g o t i a t i n g w i t h t h e Board o f Education o na wage scale. T h i s i s t h e first g r o G p of white-collar people that has ever g o t t e n that far. O n e o f t h eobstacles i s that the white-collar w o r k e r has a b o u r g e o i s psychology. I n other words, h e believes h e is a part o f management a n d that h e h a s n o interest o rr e l a t i o n t o a n dn o c a u s e t o h a v e cooperation with t h e common ordinary working man. Consequently, y o uhave as much discrimination between the w h i t e collar w o r k e r a n d the blue collar w o r k e r almost as y o u h a v e b e t w e e n white and black workers. W eare not o n the road t o solving that, I c a n tell y o u — n o t y e t !

P E R M A N E N T L A Y O F F S a n d u n e m p l o y m e n t face such workers in a n a u t o a s s e m b l y p l a n t a s t h e i r jobs a r e w i p e d o u t b y automation a n d technological change. F r e e meet t h e c r y i n g need o f o u r children t o learn about the AfroAmerican's tremendous contribuN e g r o H i s t o r y S t u d y LOS A N G E L E S — T h e tions t o A m e r i c a n a n d w o r l d A f r o - A m e r i c a n C u l t u r a l C e n - progress." Because " i t is the community's ter C o m m i t t e e has inaugur a t e d f r e e c l a s s e s i n N e g r o r e s p o n s i b i l i t y " t o heip fill this veld i n the education cf Negro history strdy f o rchildren o n children, Greenwood :aid, the Saturday afternoons, a c c o r d - A A C C C h a s opened its A f r o - A m e r i n g t o F r a n k G . G r e e n w o o d , ican histcry course. chairman. The organization previously beHe pointed o u t that "sotting gan a free course i n salesmana.'de one w e e k " f c r t h e study o f sh'p " f o r t h e unemployed a n d t h e Negro history "doesn't begin to unskilled." L.A.

G r o u p

"IT PAYS TO BE NEAT"

M U H A M M A D S P E A K S : Thank you. M r . Randolph. R A N D O L P H : It w a s a pleasure t o talk w i t h y o u a n d ••hank y o uf o r c o m i n g i n .

TEMPLE No. 2 CLEANERS

MICKEY'S & BEULAH'S

A S M A L L P E R C E N T A G E o f Negroes hold jobs i n such departments as personnel records i n large corporations. These a r e workers i n Chrysler Corporation's central employment a n d employee services department.

Death

Row

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PARK MANOR

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368 E. 71st St., Chicago, III. TR 4-3800

3260 W. MAYPOLE

F a c t o r y

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WATCH REPAIR RING SIZING

North]

III m a j o r N o r t h e r n i n d u s t r i a l ! states, t h e practice o f dealing o u t ! "capital punishment," mainly to j impoverished Negroes, closely) parallels t h e practice in the South. I . E . : I n I l l i n o i s . 1963 f o u n d 6 cut of 7 Death R c w inmates to bei Negroes.

C . O . D . — C a s h o r Budget # TO YOUR MEASURE

FISH HOUSE

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6-4510

\ P R I I . 29, 1963

MEMO

M U H A M M A D

TO SOUTH

Black

S P E A K S

AFRICA:

Nationalists

Heading

Home!

N E W Y O R K — T h e portentous m o v e o f "foreign-trained" African leaders home t o s t i l l - u n l i b e r a t e d a r e a s continues despite t h r e a t s o f death a n djail cells. An estimated 2 5 0 A f r i c a n leaders f r o m t h ew h i t e supremacy dominated territories of Rhodesia, Angola, Mozambique, S o u t h a n dS o u t h W e s t Africa a r e expected t o return b y J u n e o f 1963 t o direct m i l i t a n t s t r u g g l e s f o r l i b e r a t i o n , u n d e r g r o u n d committee leaders here have reported. One such h o m e w a r d hound S c b i n n d i n g , said D r . K e r i n a , in P e n n s y l v a n i a , a t t h e S c h o o l "liberating angel" will beD r . he w a s told that i f h e a r r i v e d for Social Research, a n d B a n Mbdurumba Kerina of South "anywhere in South Africa o r dung university, where hereWest Africa. S o u t h W e s t Africa." he w o u l d ceived h i s doctorate i n 1962. S O S H O C K E D w e r e o f - be a r r e s t e d i m m e d i a t e l y a n d H I S D E T E R M I N A T I O N ficials of S o u t h A f r i c a o v e r h e l d o n c r i m i n a l c h a r g e s . t o r e t u r n h o m e at this t i m e is lews o f his return that leadDr. K e r i n a is small physi- based o n his desire t o help ill ers o f that N a z i - l i k e g o v e r n c a l l y , s t a n d i n g five f e e t , five t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n o f a s i n g l e , ment privatelv phoned D r . i n c h e s , w e i g h i n g a b o u t 1 9 9 non-tribal, nationalistic polit- M A P O F A F R I C A i n which arrows indicate countries t o which Kerina. a n d apprised h i m o f p o u n d s , b u t h i s w i l l a n d d e - ical g r o u p within S o u t h W e s t " f o r e i g n - t r a i n e d A f r i c a n leaders will return t o lead t h e struggle tile fate a u d i t i n g h i m . termination a r e monumental. Africa. for e m a n c i p a t i o n a n d f r e e d o m . " "I've been threatened over " W e a r e v i r t u a l l y p r i s o n e r s the p h o n e a n d told n o tt or e turn," said D r . K e r i n a . in o u r o w n l a n d . " said D r . " T h e y ' v e also threatened m y Kerina. " A n y African w h o w i f e . B u t p e r m i t o r not, I've (hires t o speak o f f r e e d o m is stated I will return t o t h e exiled t o the f a r north. Those of u s w h o have been o u to f tile country generally are kept apart f r o m o u r less fortunate brothers. " A M E R I C A N slum dwellings w o u l d seem like palaces compared to the dwellings uIv people a r e forced t o l i v e

J O H N W I L L I A M S , author o f new best-selling novel "Sissie.

"Kach family has some kind o f shelter b u t i t is surrounded b y either a wall, barbed wire o r both — with only o n eexit. T h e entire c o m pound is surrounded b y m a chine guns. W e a r e only permitted out during working hours — under threat o f the lash o r i m p r i s o n m e n t . "Children arewrested from their parents w h e n they reach the a g e o f 16," h e said. " T h e s e children a r e herded into barracks with children their o w n age s o t h e g o v e r n m e n t c a n continue t o attempt t o train t h e m docility," h e said, adding that South West Africans are not permitted t o vote. Chairman of the South W e s t Africa Peoples Organization. D r .K e r i n a studied at all-Negro Lincoln university

home o f m y fathers — a n d my wife has courageously added h e r voice t o mine." Dr. K e r i n a lias spent t h e last several y e a r s b u i l d i n g i n ternational o p p o s i t i o n to South Africa's occupation a n d administration o fSouth West A f r i c a bv petitioning the United Nations. H E H A S been refused a r e entry permit by his country's imperialist ruler. Application bv h i s A m e r i c a n wife and their three children has been turned down. And he has reC L E M S O N , S. C. — B e ceived verbal threats from c a u se h e directed H a r v e y B . the South African government's vice consul i n N e w G a n t t , t h eo n l y N e g r o student at C l e m s o n College, a n da n York. V o n Scbinnding. I n t h e first t e l e p h o n e call o t h e r N e g r o t o t h e office o f f r o m V i c e Consul V o n Schinn- school's registrar w h e n h e tried t o enroll, t h e pasd i n g , D r . K e r i n a s a i d t h e first o f the First B a p t i s t S o u t h A f r i c a n g o v e r n m e n t of- tor C h u r c h w a s fired. ficial warned h i m that i f his This "gesture o f Christian courwife a n d children arrive i n tesy, a t t h e request o f t h e South S o u t h A f r i c a o r S o u t h W e s t Carolina Council o n E u m a n RelaAfrica without p e r m i s s i o n , tions," cost h i m h i s job, t h e R e v . t h e y w o u l d b e h e l d b y S o u t h Charles Webster, 29, charged, African authorities a t t h e after a meeting o f t h e church's governing body. port o f entry. " I w a s asked t o resign primarIn t h e second call f r o m Y o n

S O U T H W E S T A F R I C A N nationalist Dr. M b u rumba Kerina (2nd f r o m left) shown during a visit t o M u h a m m a d ' s University o f Islam in C h i c a g o , says h e will r e t u r n t o h i s n a t i v e land despite threats f r o m t h e South African

Aiding Gantt Cost Him Job

ily because o f m y contacts with M r . K a r v e y B . G a n t t , " t h e pastor d e c l a r e d . H e s a i d t h e 1962 i n c i d e n t o f g i v ing d i r e c t i o n t o G a n t t — w h o w a s turned down butlater w o n admis-

g o v e r n m e n t . W i t h h i ma r e ( f r o m l e f t ) M r s . Kerina, Dr. G r a c e Allelo o f N i g e r i a , a n d Sister Lottie M u h a m m a d , daughter o f t h e H o n orable Elijah M u h a m m a d .

sion under a Federal court order — w a s "treated as a subversive plot t o integrate t h e college" b y members of the administration. Reverend Webster also is direc-

tor o f student w o r k a t C l e m s o n College, b u t t h e post is a church assignment a n d is not under the control o r supervision o f t h e college.

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A P R I L 29. 1 9 6 3

Prayer Service In Islam

SICK T O W PLANTATION/

T H E B E A U T I F U L P R A Y E R S E R V I C E I N I S L A M T h e f o l l o w ing- p r a y e r s h o w s t h e c o m p l e t e c o n f i d e n c e t h e Apostle a n d his follow ers have i nAllah, a n dt h egreat praise of Allah f o r H i s protection a n d blessings that t h e y enjoy from H i m daily : " I seek t h eprotection o fAllah, m yL o r d , f r o m every fault a n dt u r n t o H i m . " O h Allah, T h o u a r t t h e A u t h o r o f peace, a n d f r o m T h e e comes peace. Blessed a r t T h o u , O L o r d o f G l o r y and honour. ''Nothing deserves t o be worshipped except Allah. He is O n ea n d h a s n o associate; H i s is t h e K i n g d o m a n d for H i m is praise. A n d H e h a sp o w e r o v e r a l l t h i n g s . "O Allah, there isnone w h o c a n w i t h h o l d w h a t T h o u grantest. a n d there is none w h oc a n give w h a t T h o u withholdest, a n dgreatness does n o tbenefit a n y possessor o f greatness as against Thee." Let v o u a n d m e wh o believe learn a n d recite this prayer for t h e g l o r y a n dh o n o u r , praise a n d t h a n k s t o A l l a h W h o is blessing' us, t h e L o s t f o u n d o f o u r people, f o r g u i d i n g u s o n the right path. T h a t w e, t o o , m a y b e a s s u c c e s s f u l a s t h e P r o p h e t s a n d their followers before us. W e must remember that w e cannot be p r o u d o v e r greatness, o n l y A l l a h . For i fAllah makes y o u great y o u are great indeed! A n d if A l l a h b r i n g y o u l o w , n o n e c a n raise y o u u p b u t H e . Salvation h a s come t o u s f r o m Allah* l e tus rejoice i n H i m a n db e t h a n k f u l t o H i m f o r v i s i t i n g u s a n da c c e p t i n g u s as H i s o w n .

Albany Aftermath:

What Unjust

Law?

N E W Y O R K — T h e Rev. Wyatt Tee Walker, executive director o f the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, speaking here at a conference o n civil disobedience gave t h e following definition ofa n "unjust l a w " : " A n unjust law is a n y law that is i m p o s e d o n t h e m i n o r i t y , " Once again a supposedly W a l k e r said, " t h a t does not apply distinguished m e m b e r o f to t h e m a j o r i t y t h a t enacted a n d America's governing body has enforces t h e l a w ; further, i t is come o u t bluntly t o tell t h e unjust i ft h e m i n o r i t y upon w h o m world what he thinks o f m e n it is imposed h a d n o chance t o of color. participate i n the m a k i n g o f the law." He h a s thus brought disgrace Walker devoted t h e m a j o r part not o n l y t o h i m s e l f , h i s state, of h i s address t o t h e anti-segrebut t o h i s race. N o t only is i t gation struggle waged b y N e h a r d t o believe senseless a n d groes i n Albany, G a . , a conflict stupid outbursts coming f r o m still unresolved. such quarters, i t is heartbreaking "One naked t r u t h is clear — to t h i n k i t c o m e s f r o m a m a n Albany will never be the same whose presence among the Afriagain. Y o u have n o t heard the cans he so brutally attacked w a s last o f that Southwest Georgia paid f o rb y A m e r i c a n t a x payers. c i t y , " h e said. B U T . T H E N , w h e r e else c a n Stating that " w e a r e just digone hear a n d c o m e across such g i n g i n o n t h e b e a c h e s " 100 y e a r s gross misinformation on the Rev. W y a t t T e e W a l k e r after " E m a n c i p a t i o n , " he said he African people? T h e a n s w e r believed " w e have the m a k i n g would be found a m o n g uninof a social revolution o n o u r litically o r economically save f o r m e d A m e r i c a n s like t h e Louhands." that which is marginal power." isiana s e n a t o r (Allen J .E l N O N V I O L E N T direct action is J a m e s B a l d w i n , said R e v . lender). the Negro's most effective a n d Walker, deftly described w h a t i t p e r h a p s o n l y r e v o l u t i o n a r y i n - is l i k e f o r w h i t e A m e r i c a i n h i s C o m p a r i n g h i s c o m m e n t s w i t h strument, t h e integration leader book, " T h e F i r e , N e x t T i m e , " t h o s e o f t h e highly - esteemed R a l p h M c G i l l , o n e is a t once believes. said Baldwin. aware of M r . McGilTs objective " I use the word 'revolutionary' " T r y t o imagine how y o u would knowledge of t h e A f r i c a n personadvisedly," said R e v . W a l k e r . feel i f y o u w o k e u p o n e m o r n i n g ality a n d h i s m a t u r i t y o f under" I t i s a g o o d w o r d . T h i s n a t i o n to f i n d t h e s u n s h i n i n g a n d t h e s t a n d i n g . could never have been born with- stars a l l aflame. Y o u w o u l d be T o t h e Southern senator, t h e out i t . I t is a s h a m e that w e frightened because i t is o u t o f average A f r i c a n is n o t capable h a v e l e t i t c o m e i n t o d i s r e p u t e . t h e o r d e r o f n a t u r e . A n y u p h e a v - of m a k i n g d e c i s i o n s f o r h i m s e l f . I f the N e g r o d i l e m m a — r a t h e r the al i n t h e u n i v e r s e i s t e r r i f y i n g It s e e m s t h a t h e m u s t c a l l o n A m e r i c a n d i l e m m a — i s t o be r e - because i t so profoundly attacks people like t h e senator f r o m L o u solved o r even diminished, w e one's sense o f one's o w n reality isiana t o d o h i s t h i n k i n g f o r m u s t have nothing short o f a rev- W e l l , t h e black m a n h a s func- h i m — despite t h e fact that t h e olution. tioned i n t h e white man's w o r l d African h a s been thinking f o r " T h e e n t i r e s t r u c t u r e o f o u r n a - as a f i x e d star, a n i m m o v a b l e h i m s e l f l o n g b e f o r e t h e f i r s t E u tion is such that t h e Negro pillar; a n d w h e n he moves o u t ropean visited Africa's shores. doesn't stand a chance w i t h o u t of h i s place, h e a v e n a n d e a r t h C a n o n e judge that a people revolution. H e h a s n o power po- are shaken t o their foundations." newly awakened t o their poten-

As An African Sees A Senator tials own sees with

a r e t o o ignorant to be their i N o ! O n l y history c a n decide that, masters simply because one W e , t h e Africans, leave t h e t h e m through eyes shaded final j u d g m e n t t o t h e ages, lens o f hate a n d prejudice? | —Rev. Peter E . A . Addo.

A P R I L 29, 1963

M U H A M M A D

S P E A K S

Learn To Be Free 'Marshall (Continued from Page T) goes b y here i n A m e r i c a that a so-called N e g r o is n o t beat and killed b y these great free murderers o ft h eblack people and deceivers o f t h e w o r l d . The dragon's religion is called Christianity — this religion Allah a n d H i sprophets have rejected — a n d i t has deceived t h e so-called Negroes and m a n y hundreds o f thousands o f black people i n Asia and Africa. The b l a c k people must know that organized Christianity is D i v i n e l y rejected. A l l a h is n o t t h e A u t h o r o f Christianity, a n d its basic principles o f belief a r e cont r a r y a n d false. ( A s A l l a h h a s taught me) :

tion a people w h i t e race.

un-alike, the

Mr. Y a k u b w a sthe founder of un-alike attracts a n d alike repels. H e made t h e m , b yn a ture, 100 p e r cent enemies t o the Black Nation. ( A s Allah has taught m e ) M r . Y a k u b endowed them with a su-

Plan' for Negroes? L O U I S V I L L E , K y . — A sort o f "Marshall Plan" for the Negro population i n this country w a s visualized last w e e k b y a n official o f t h e N a t i o n a l U r b a n League. He is Guichard Parris, N e w ] York, the league's director of j public relations. H e w a s here I completing plans f o r t h e national ! U r b a n League conference i n Loui s v i l l e i n A u g u s t , 1964. The Negro c a n become a productive citizen, with help, o r he can become a n ever - increasing burden o n welfare rolls, Parris said. "THE T I M E has come," he continued, "for a massive crash program to do for the Negro population i n this nation w h a t has been done f o rpeoples o f other countries. I f w e c a n do i t f o r other nations, w e c a n do i t for our o w n people." Despite t h e progress made b y the Negro, t h e gap between h i s economic position a n dthat o f the white is increasing rather than decreasing, P a r r i s declared. " W h a t disturbs us i n the league is t h i s f r i g h t f u l w i d e n i n g o f t h e economic gap," he added. Consulting figures, he said t h e average annual income f o r aN e g r o f a m i l y t o d a y i s $3,233 c o m p a r e d w i t h $5,835 f o r t h e w h i t e f a m i l y , a g a p o f 45 p e r cent. A few y e a r s a g o t h e g a p w a s 43 per cent.

" P B C N P

A F R I C A : E O P L E , " Y J O H N O O P E R E W Y O R A P E R B A

H E R H I S T O R Y , L A T O L D W I T H P I C T A . W I L L I A M S . S Q U A R E P U B L I S H E K . N E W Y O R K . 1 2 C K $1.95 B Y

J O H N

H E N R I K

N D S A N D U R E S . R S , I N C . , 8 P A G E S .

C L A R K E

T H I S B O O K I S a good introduction t o t h e subject o f A f r i c a , p a r t i c u l a r l y f o rp e o p l e w h o h a v e n o p r i o r k n o w l e d g e of this continent a n di t speople. T h e a u t h o r takes a n e n t i r e l y new approach t o this subject; instead o f w r i t i n g a history o f the European occupation o f Africa (that most people t h i n k of as A f r i c a n h i s t o r y ) , h e attempts t o begin a t t h e beginning. In doing this, he gives a good indication o f Africa's a g e and potential richness. H e also shows that A f r i c a n s d i d n o t wait i n darkness f o rEuropeans t o bring t h e light.

T o t h ebest o f m y knowledge, M r . W i l l i a m s i s t h e first w r i t e r t o m a k e u s e o f t h eresearches o f D r . L .S. B . L e a k e y a n d t h e r e s u l t s o f h i ss e a r c h i n A f r i c a f o r t r a c e s a n dclues o f preme knowledge o f evil a n d the earliest m a n . No. 1. Allah ( G o d ) is t h e good. (They are the symAccording t o t h e author's account: " F o r m a n y years, O n e God and not three. bolical ''tree o fgood a n d evil," anthropologists h a d believed that East Africa held t h e r e m 2:9)and h o wto make No. 2 . A l l a h h a sn o need f o r Gen. nants o f t h e oldest p r e h i s t o r i c m a n . B u tt h e years o f scraba son. H e i s Independent o f evil look attractive a n d rightbling, digging a n d searching that h a dbeen fruitless until t h e eousness t o look unattrachelp—self-sufficient. m o m e n t o u s d a yi nJ u l y , 1959 w h e n j u b i l a n t scientist r e t u r n e d tive. to their u n c o m f o r t a b l e c a m p a n d announced that Z i n j a n A L L A H H A S never given a thropus h a d been found a n d another door t o t h e past h a d T H E Y (the w h i t e race) a r e prophet's o r son's life f o r t h e been opened . . . Z i n j a n t h r o p u s lived a m o n g wild sheep, pigs g r e a t s c i e n t i s t s a t t r i c k i n g t h e sins o f t h e w o r l d o f w h i t e and baboons a l lo f w h i c h w e r e m u c h larger than n o w . people. T h e y were mankind. F o r this race o f black Nine million seven hundred fifty thousand fascinating c r e a t e d b y n a t u r e l i a r s a n d people w e r e created t o be deyears passed since t h e n a n d m u c h o f A f r i c a h a s been e x stroyed after their wicked murderers. ( A sAllah taught plored, settled a n d exploited. Parts o f i t , however, r e m a i n T h e y a r e t h e first l i a r s rule. ( A s Allah has taught me) unknown." a n d h u m a n m u r d e r e r s s i n c e me). After giving t h e reader a capsule history o f Africa's bethe creation o f o u rearth a n d The o n l y people t o be forginning, t h ea u t h o r unfolds t h evast p a n o r a m a that is A f r i c a : have sought every evil m e a n g i v e n f o r their sins a r e t h e the great E g y p t i a n dynasties, t h e Greeks a n d Romans, t h e to e x t e r m i n a t e u s f r o m o u r so-called Negroes. They are O t t o m a n a n dA r a b empires, t h egreat W e s t African empires, earth without exterminating the real members o ft h eO r i g the early Portuguese a n d D u t c h explorers, t h e existing culthemselves. inator o f t h e heavens a n d tures found b y t h e explorers, t h e slave trade, t h e 19th cenTheir entire rule over t h e earth . w h o w e r e lost from t u r y explorers such as L i v i n g s t o n e a n d Stanley, a n d t h e r e Black N a t i o n is a rule o f their people a n d h a d t o be sultant European expansion i n Africa. death. T h e y bring suffering found. ( A sA l l a h h a s t a u g h t The section o f t h e b o o k that deals w i t h t h e c o m i n g o f and death upon us with a me). the Europeans t o Africa has m a n y pictures o f European e m smile ! Their show o f friendThej- (so-called N e g r o e s ) ship w i t h y o u is o n l y false. pire builders a n dn o tenough pictures o f t h eA f r i c a n w a r r i o r are t h e ones w h ow e r e cap- B o t h Bible a n d H o l y Q u r - a n nationalists w h o resisted them. T h estory o f w h y a n d h o w tured b y t h e people o f s i n constantly w a r n us against 1 4 R a t i f y P o l l T a x the Europeans came t o Africa needs t o be retold w i t h more (the Caucasian race) a n d taking t h e m for friends. attention given to t h e thought a n d action o f t h e Africans His- Ban; 2 4 M o r e t o G o made mentally dead t o t h e tory during this important period i n their history. shows that a l l black BISMARCK, N . D.—Again in k n o w l e d g e o f self a n d kind, people In spite o fthese omissions, "Africa: H e r H i s t o r y , Lands w h o t o o k t h e m f o r A m e r i c a attempts to abolish t h e and were deprived o f t h e friends learned later that they infamous a n d d i s c r i m i n a t o r y poll a n d P e o p l e , " i s a b o o k t h a t i s i n f o r m a t i v e a n d r e w a r d i n g . k n o w l e d g e o f G o da n d God's had been deceived. tax, a p r a c t i c e l o n g abandoned prophets and the W o r d o f by most o f the world, has moved Our f a t h e r s a n d m o t h e r s past the planning stage. God ( t h e Scriptures) brought their lesson 6,000 by t h e Prophets f o r right learned The N o r t h Dakota legislature y e a r s a g o t h a t t h i s h u m a n ratified t h e proposed U n i t e d guidance f o rt h e h u m a n f a m ily w h i l e l i v i n g ' u n d e r t h e r u l e s e r p e n t , t h e d e v i l a n d s a t a n States constitutional a m e n d m e n t o f t h ed e v i l s ( C a u c a s i a n r a c e ) . ( T h e h e a d o f t h e s e r p e n t ' s r e - to p r o h i b i t states f r o m d e n y i n g l i g i o n i s r e f e r r e d t o a s t h e federal voting rights o n the basis P R E S I D E N T D A V I D D A A - c e r t a i n e s s e n t i a l r e s e r v a t i o n s . T O D A Y , t h e y s u s p e c t t h e i r " d r a g o n . " R e v . 1 3 : 2 ; 1 6 - 1 3 ) of a poll tax. There must be a b s o l u t e KO, Centrafrican Republic: a n d will drag y o u end is near a n d a r e r e d w i t h deceives equality a m o n g a l lt h e inde" W e m u s t a i db y a l l means pendent states, w i t h o u t a n y anger. T h e y a r e full o f evil d o w n t o disgrace a n d shame t h e remaining colonial ter- one o f t h e m t r y i n g t o exert a n d i n d e c e n t t r i c k s t o p l a y o n i n t h i s l i f e a n d h e l l fire i s t h e F R E E D O M , r i t o r i e s i n A f r i c a t o t h r o w o f f its l e a d e r s h i p o v e r t h e o t h e r s . the B l a c k N a t i o n a n d espe- end. the colonial yoke. W e must N o t h i n g must be neglected i n cially t h e A m e r i c a n so-called Our Redeemer comes i n t h e J U S T I C E a n d not hesitate t o shake u p a n d this i m m e n s e Negroes w h o have been swal- prepared man. I nArabic, t h e and exalting disarm with brutality, b u t task, e v e n a t t h e r i s k o f lowed b y them a n d must be Great M a h d i — G o d i n Person. E Q U A L I T Y without shedding blood, t h e w o u n d i n g made t o v o m i t t h e m up. T h e r e In English, t h e " M e s s i a h " o r someones pride." last colonialists w h o stubis n o m e r c y o r g o o d i n t h e m . S o n WE MUST H A V E o f Man. Some say the h o r n l y maintain their o l d Do n o t be deceived b y t h i n k - "second c o m i n g o f Jesus" beOR ELSE P R E S I D E N T K W A M E ways instead o f cooperating ing there is m e r c y o r good i n cause t h e desire o f Jesus o f N K R U M A H , Ghana: w i t h A f r i c a n . l e a d e r s . . . ." them. T h e y a r e absolutely 2.000 years a g owill be carried W o u l d you like remoinlog a "We are a l l interested i n h e a r t l e s s . ( A s A l l a h h a s out b y t h e M a h d i ( G o d i n p e r m a n e n t s l a v e or b e i n g a t h e p r o m o t i o n o f w o r l d peace M R . P E T E R M B I Y U K O I N taught m e ) . p e r m a n e n t m e m b e r of a s o u p Person) ; that is. destroying A N G E , Secretary, P a n Afri- and w e must all strive hard l i n e ? A r e y o u w i t h us to get H o w A l l a h ( G o d ) is m a k i n g the enemies o f A l l a h a n d setcan M o v e m e n t f o r E a s t e r n , to secure i t . W i t h o u t peace, Freedom, Justice a n d Equaliiy m a n i f e s t t h et r u t h o fj u s t w h o t i n g a peaceful government f o r the S o - C a l l e d N e g r o e s ? Central a n d Southern Africa we i n A f r i c a cannot m a k e this great deceiver i s ! T h e on earth f o r the righteous progress i n o u r development ( P A F M E C S A ) . devil, a n d satan is none other (the original Black N a t i o n ) P L E A S E S E N D US Y O U R and future schemes f o r progthan t h e E u r o p e a n w h i t e race that will live forever. "Africa's political chapter ress . . . " w h o m Allah's poor people, t h e N e x t W e e k : "Our A c is c o m i n g t o a n e n d , a n d n o w NAME Lost-found members o f t h e cusers." it i s t h e e c o n o m i c chapter A L H A J I S I R A B U K A B A R great Asiatic Black Nation, H U R R Y A N D J O I N O N T O w h e r e l e a d e r s o f a l l races T A F A W A B A L E W A , P r i m e the original people o f the Y O U R O W N K I N D ! T H E ADDRESS must hand their energies t o Minister, Federation o f N i e a r t h , t h e first a n d t h e l a s t T I M E O F T H I S W O R L D I S building countries rather than geria: C i t y Z o n e . S t a t e have been deceived. A T H A N D ! a g i t a t i o n . . . ." The black people a r e t h e W R I T E T O : M U H A M "If w ew o r k o na brotherly Wlih.imirtaJ's M o s q u e N o . 2 t r u e o w n e r s o f t h e heavens M A D ' S M O S Q U E N O . 2. 5335 b a s is, w e shall h a v e better MR. A L B E R T S Y L L A , F o r 5335 S. S r a n n w o o J A v e n u e and t h e earth. O n e o fo u r South Greenwood Avenue. because n o C h i c a g o r15, Illinois eign Minister. Madagascar: understanding, s c i e n t i s t s . M r . Y a k u b , w h o C h i c a g o 15. I l l i n o i s . unity is g r e a t e r than the o 4847 S . W o o d l a w n A v e n u e w a n t e d t o t r y evil a t ruling, Elijah M u h a m m a d , "Madagascar is f o r t h e countries regarding o n ea n grafted from t h e Black N a Messenger o f Allah great united Africa, b u t w i t h other as brothers . . . " Mr.

Muhammad

M U H A M M A D

A P R I L 29. 1963

S P E A K S

FALLACY OF THE "FREE WORLD"

G r i m History O f G r e e n w o o d , Miss. (Special to M u h a m m a d Speaks) G R E E N W O O D , Miss.—Imbedded i n t h e r e c o r d o f America—North and South— is t h e b l o o d y s t o r y o f p e r sistent a n d courageous e f forts o fNegroes t o regain their right t ot h e elemental demands o f human beings. Thus, between 1807 a n d 1864. t h e r e w e r e n o less a n d probably m o r e than 14 slave revolts i nt h eState o f Mississippi i n w h i c h Negroes used force i nattempts t o break t h e chains o f oppression a n d d e g redation. A N D T H U S i t i s still i n Mississippi. 100years after a Civil W a ra n d a n E m a n c i p a tion Proclamation which supposedly freed black America. But t h e20th C e n t u r y revolt of N e g r o e s here i n G r e e n w o o d i sa n o n - v i o l e n t o n eb y their o w n design. Here, after 100 years o f "freedom," N e g r o e s , w h o comprise m o r e than half o f this city's p o p u l a t i o n o f 20,436 Americans, aresimply trying to register t o v o t e — t o secure a right that h a s been denied t h e m for 400 years a n d w h i c h others take f o r granted. T h o u g h Negroes here a r e using non-violent tactics i n their attempts t o register, they have been m e t head-on by t h eopposition o f some w h i t e officials w h o d o n o t hesitate t o employ violence, terror a n d persecution.

C H I L D R E N O F G R E E N W O O D : Their Forebearers Revolted against Slave Rule. N o w , 1 0 0years after t h e Emancipation Proclamation, their parents a r e i n non-violent revolt against a semi-slave system that denies t h e m t h e r i g h t t o v o t e a n d l i v e a sf r e e A m e r i c a n c i t i z e n s .

the voting-age Negroes have been allowed t o register. T h i s c o u n t y i nW e s t M i s sissippi h a sbeen charged w i t h coldly dropping 20,000 N e groes from t h e U.S. Departo f Agriculture's surIN L eF L O R E County, ment commodities program where G r e e n w o o d i st h e plus C o u n t y Seat a n d w h e r e long- because they w a n t e d t o vote. staple cotton is t h ebasic c o m Student Non-violence C o modity, only nine p e r cent o f ordinating C o m m i t t e e voter

registration w o r k e r s have faced shootings a n d near lynchings. Last summer t w o g i r l s were shot b y night riders. F o u r S N C C field s e c r e t a r i e s n a r r o w 1y missed being lynched recently w h e n they jumped from a second-story w i n d o w t o escape a m o b o f white m e n carrying pipes, ropes a n d chains. J I M M Y T R A V I S , 20-yearold w o r k e r , w a sshot t w i c e b y three white m e n w h o fired into t h ecar he w a sdriving. A week later, four vote workers were cut b y flying "lass after w h i t e m e n shot into their car.

Alabama, S o u t h Carolina. Negroes continue t o move inexorably forward i na massive attack against t h e entire structure o f discrimination and oppression. They brave t h e violence and t h e terror i ntheir struggle f o rt h e ballot because t h e right t o vote is one o f t h e keys t o t h e collapse o f segregation. And meanwhile, the mounting assault against t h e semislave status o f t h e N e g r o a p pears headed f o r a c l i m a x — a climax w h i c h some predict will force t h eintervention o f Federal troops i f some semblance o f democracy i st o b e achieved.

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DAILEY'S PHARMACY

532 E. 79th ST. THE F A C E o f Annette Ponder, Southern Christian Leadership C o n f e r e n c e field s u p e r v i s o r , r e f l e c t s t h e t e n s i o n o f t h e t i m e s as N e g r o e s i n G r e e n w o o d push their struggle t o secure t h e r i g h t t ov o t e .

I N EVER I N C R E A S I N G numbers, despite t h e danger o f violence a n d death, Negroes continue their assault o n semi-slave conditions i n Mississippi. Here, a group walks toward Courthouse i n G r e e n w o o d t or e g i s t e r t o v o t e .

CHICAGO, ILL.

Vlncennes 6-5431-2 P R E S C R I P T I O N DRUG S T O R E DRUGS - COSMETICS - ICE C R E A M BABY NEEDS S U N D R I E S GLADYS A. DAILEY & R O B E R T D. B R O W N , PROPS.

A P R I L

29. 1963 M U H A M M A D

S P E A K S

Worldwide Starvation

BILLIONS M u s t

FOOD B y

C h a r l e s

H a v e

P . H o w a r d , S r .

M u h a m m a d Speaks U N a n d F o r e i g n C o r r e s p o n d e n t ( I h i r d i n a series o n U n i t e d N a t i o n s A g e n c i e s ) U N I T E D N A T I O N S , N . Y . ( H N S ) â&#x20AC;&#x201D; P o v e r t y is t h e r o a d t o h u n g e r a n d h u n g e r is t h e disease o f millions. I n a w o r l d w i t h t h e k n o w l e d g e a n dp o w e r t o produce e n o u g h h e a l t h f u l f o o d f o rm o r e t h a n t w i c e t h ee a r t h ' s p o p u l a t i o n , m o r e t h a n h a l f o f t h e p e o p l e o n earth a r e victims o f desperate p o v e r t y a n d starvation. But there is another hungerâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;a disease-carrying "hidden hunger." w h i c h gnaws at the bodies o f t h e undernourished f r o m t h e t i m e they a r e horn until they die. This is t h e hunger o f i n a d e q u a t e nutrition, which leaves t h e h e a l t h o f t h e chronically underfed open o n all sides t o a t t a c k f r o m disease a n d death. M A N Y D I S E A S E S are di rect results o f a lack o f particular food elements. A m o n g t h e m a r e s c u r v y . ]>elegra a n d heri-heri. O t h e r diseases such as m e a s l e s , p n e u m o n i a a n d tuberculosis find little resistance a m o n g those w h oa r e undernourished.

A D E Q U A T E F O O D is o n e o f t h e m o s t urgent needs i n A f r i c a . This three-year-old b o y w a ssuffering f r o m malnutrition w h e n brought t o Scientific Research Institute f o rCentral Africa i n Lwiro t h e Congo. I f he receives t h e right food, h e will b e a h e a l t h y l a da g a i n i n a b o u t t h r e e m o n t h s .

F o r e v e r y child w h o dies in t h e U n i t e d States o f m a l nutrition a n d its accompanying afflictions, 300 d i e i n certain underdeveloped countries. In m a n y o f those countries the every-day meals o f t h e people, y o u n g a n d o l d ,a r e insufficient b y health standards. M I L L I O N S o f children g o without milk after they have been weaned a n d child m o r tality between t h e ages o f one a n dfive is often 15 times higher than i n places w h e r e the food-health level is adequate. T h u s malnutrition, the "hidden hunger." is recognized as a major factor i n l o w health levels a m o n g a great part o f the wo'rld's population. T h e pathetic paradox o f a w o r l d capable o f producing enormous amounts o f food is that t h e greatest increase i n food production is i n those countries w h e r e i t is needed the most. A L A B O R A T O R Y T E C H N I C I A N examines b l o o d slides b r o u g h t in f r o m various villages i na n anti-malaria project i n C a m e r o o n .

Another 1

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in p o s t - n a t a l c a r e a t t h e B u t e r e c l i n i c i n K e n y a , m o t h e r s b a s i c The U N agency helps establish health centers f o rm o t h e r s a n d y o u n g children.

M U H A M M A D

While

Millions

S P E A K S

'Eat

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186? probabl) revolts i sippi i r force i n chains i redatio A T Mi.< Civn tion J posec B: of wot theii Hei "fre^ com, this I Amerii to regi N a righ them f others") ThqrAusing* their"" thev x by V whit ~ hesit" terrc

Billions

Stalked By TB, Scurvy, Pellagra (Continued from

Page 11)

those areas where t h e need is g r e a t e s t , t h e " h i d d e n h u n ger" o f m a l n u t r i t i o n is everpresent. F o r i n these areas, the lack o f p r o t e i n foods is largely responsible f o r under n o u r i s h m e n t a n d t h e diseases which come i n its wake. I T I S T O the solution o f this problem that W H O . t h e

theme this year w a s " H u n World Health Organization ger: Disease o f Millions." T h e of t h e United Nations has observance s u p p o r t e d the focused its attention. "Freedom F r o m H n n g e r" A s p a r t o f i t sp r o g r a m , a n d campaign o f the Food and to capture t h e attention o f Agriculture Organization of the world, this organization the U n i t e d Nations. m a r k e d S u n d a y , A p r i l 7, 1963, F O O D O U T P U T m a y he as W o r l d H e a l t h D a y , o b so h i g h i n s o m e countries serving t h e 1 5 t h anniversary that local surpluses accumuof t h e constitution o f t h e late. B u tthese surpluses d o World Health Organization. not move into international The World H e a l t h D a v

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A modest estimate is that t h e a e a r e 1 0 0m i l l i o n c h i l d r e n suffering from what medical experts call "protein-calorieundernutrition.''' Lord Boyd-Orr. f a m o u s British Food E x p e r t , has written : " T o raise t h e diet o f a l l mankind t o t h e level needed for health w o u l d require a threefold increase i n t h e food supply, t h e increase being mainly in the more expensive foods. , "Vast quantities o f agricultural equipment, fertilizers, facilities f o r s t o r a g e a n d transport o f food a r e needed. Water-control projects mqst he developed t o p r o d u c e electricity a n d water f o r irrigation. "Enough o f the right kind of food isnecessary for health and a healthy population is essential i ffood production is to reach t h e levels needed properly t o nourish t h e h u m a n race."

THE Fj Confer as N e e r i g h t ft

C H I L D R E N line u p f o r e x a m i n a t i o n o ft h espleen i n anti-malaria campaign in Cameroon.

Th "To tical kind will

i s is n o U t o p i a n ideal. t h e contrary, o n its pracrealization depends t h e o f world o u r children inherit."

M U H A M M A D 1963 A P R I L

S P E A K S

29. 1963

MOBILE

GROUPS

called

youths f o rtraces o f dread

THE VILLAGE CHIEF a n d his family look o n while a W o r l d Health Organization w o r k e r sprays their home with D D T i n Gehtar, Liberia.

"Sleep

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^ "

H O

anti-Malaria project a t Yaounde,

Cameroon.

African

D U R I N G A N T I - M A L A R I A campaign i nC a m e r o o n , a n entomologist identifies anopheles mosquito caught b y t h e insect collector.

Is Man's A Carrier

working with t h e W water hole.

examine

" -

Best of

Friend Cancer?

W A S H I N G T O N . â&#x20AC;&#x201D; T h e family dog long h a s been touted as man's "best friend," b u t a government researcher says " P i d o " m a y be guilty o f spreading t h e dreaded cancer disease. Dr. Michael B .Shimkin of the National Cancer Institute near Washington said evidence points to viruses as causes o f some types o fh u m a n cancerâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;and f a m ily pets a n d othefi animals have cancers a n d , presumably, could transmit t h e m b y w a y o f viruses, to m a n , h e suggested. "Dogs are the animals with which many Americans have the closest contact," D r . Shimkin wrote i n a government publication, " a n d , i n o u r culture, they s e e m t o b e c o n s i d e r e d a s thrfeeyear-old children with f u r . Until now, t h e possible neoplastic ( t u mor-producing) significance o f contact w i t h dogs h a s n o t been considered, b u t t h e possibility is T H I S S M A L L A f r i c a n girl w h o h a sjust given blood f o r diagnosis one that deserves reappraisal will b e protected against malaria a s a result o f cooperation with modern methods " between Liberia. U N I C E F a n dW H O .

M U H A M M A D

.APRIL

S P E A K S

H o w A N e w Y o r k Senator Muslims, Rockefeller,

* \ l ( l <>

Sees

Shelters

Honorable Elijah M u h a m m a d , get inside a n d influence b y con- sity. T h o s e w h o c a n afford t o p a y passing." W h a t a r e y o u r v i e w s m e a n s can g o t o p r i v a t e colleges, b u t on c o m p u l s o r y fall-out shelters in N e w Y o r k State's penal a n d certed effort, b y those A L B A N Y , N . Y . — S t a t e correctional institutions. t h a t m e a n s o m e t h i n g t o t h e p e o - t h e q u a l i f i e d a n d a s p i r i n g p o o r ,as h a v e b e e n s u g g e s t e d i n N e w " T h e r e i s n o evidence that h a s ple y o u a r e t r y i n g t o influence, Senator James L . W a t s o n s t u d e n t s s h o u l d a l s o h a v e a n o p -Y o r k S t a t e ? been i n t r o d u c e d t o m e t o indi- it i s o f n a u g h t . 1 a m t h u s q u i t e ( D e m o c r a t ) o f t h e 21st D i s A. I voted against the fall-out about t h e M u s l i m a n - portunity o f becoming a i l they cate that t h e M u s l i m faith is a happy trict, w h i c h e n c o m p a s s e s C e n - bad o r detrimental faith," Wat- nouncement. are capable o f being. shelter program. This money should be devoted t r a l H a r l e m , i s o n e o f s i xs o n s a i d . Q I notice o n t h e w a l l o f your Q. W h a t a r e y o u r v i e w s about " O N T H E c o n t r a r y , f r o m a l l c i v i l r i g h t s t o d a y i n t h e state o f office. S e n a t o r , t h e r e i s a s i g n to a c h i e v i n g peace i n o u r t i m e s Negroes i n t h e legislature t h a t I h a v e been able t o detero f N e w Y o r k S t a t e . H e h a s m i n e , h a v e r e a d a n d seen, t h e N e w Y o r k ? W h a t d o y o u t h i n k w h i c h says "God Bless O u r F a i l - and i m p r o v i n g t h e l o t o f t h e peoneeds t o be done i nthis area? Out S h e l t e r " a n d another under ple w h olive o n t o p o f t h e e a r t h been i n t h e state senate f o r amount o f recidivism among inm a t e s w h oa r e converted t o t h e A. I j u s t c a m e f r o m t h e floor that reading " W a r n i n g — N o Tres- not under t h e ground. nine years, w h i c h is h i s first M u s l i m faith i s f a r less t h a n t h e of t h e S e n a t e w h e r e I d e b a t e d elective office. a m o u n t o f r e c i d i v i s m o f other this very question. — T H E R E ISSTILL T I M E E i t h e r y o u a r e a first-class citThe Feminine W o m a n The other \egro repre- faiths," he remarked. izen o r you a r e not a citizen. BEAUTY SALON F o l l o w i n g a r e o t h e r q u e s t i o n s sentatives are colleagues I v a n Integrate m e with some o f Where " C A R E O F T H E H A I R " by M U H A M M A D S P E A K S a n d is a by-word E X P E R T L Y H A N D L E D b y W a r n e r in t h e senate a n d A s that green a n d I shall take care Hair Shaped, Brushed and Conditioned answers by Sen. Watson: CHAS. (18X) ( D A N ) semblymen Bertram L . BakSpecializing in Relaxers of m y o w n social i n t e g r a t i o n . WALKER ROBERTS Q U E S T I O N : A tthe r e c e n t C a l l or C o m e in A D 4-1 I 00 Integrate m e w i t h some e r . L l o y d EL. D i c k e n s , T h o m a s Associates of Shabazz Industries M u s l i m Convention i n Chicago, 738 ST. N I C H O L A S A V E . TE 1-5814 m o n e y ; g i v e m e a n o p p o r t u n i t y 34 W e s t 116th St. R. J o n e s a n d M a r k T . S o u t h - Messenger New York 3 1 , N e w York Elijah Muhammad Between Lenox ond Fifth Ave.. N . Y . C . a l l , a l l f r o m X e w Y o r k C i t y . issued a m e s s a g e p r o c l a i m i n g to l i v e s o I c a n r e c o g n i z e a n d realize m y full potential. Sen. Watson has lived i n Har- that hereafter the M u s l i m moveQ. I n t h a t v e i n , s i r . h o w d o l e m a l l o f h i s l i f e . " I a m n o tm e n t i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s w o u l d t r y i n g t o r u n a w a y f r o m m y p e o - e n t e r t h e p o l i t i c a l a r e n a o n t h ey o u s t a n d o n t h e q u e s t i o n o f t u i ple a n d flee t o t h e s u b u r b s , " h e side o f candidates with pro- tions that G o v . Rockefeller h a s told M U H A M M A D S P E A K S i n g r a m s designed t o alleviate t h e proposed t o charge i n t h e schools FOR DIGNITY A N D E C O N O M Y an exclusive interview here. deplorable c o n d i t i o n s u n d e r of t h e State U n i v e r s i t y o f N e w ROGIM 1. / l A O A . He is a graduate o f D e W i t t which Negroes a r e forced t o live. Y o r k ? PHONE EN 2-9310 Clinton H i g h School a n d attend- W h a t is your reaction t o M r . A. T h e G O P a n d Gov. Rocke109 WEST 87th ST. feller's philosophy i s that educaNEW YORK 24, N.Y. ed N e w Y o r k U n i v e r s i t y a n d M u h a m m a d ' s proclamation? tion isa privilege you should p a y Brooklyn L a w School. H e served A N S W E R : I a m very happy for three a n d a half y e a r s i n to hear that t h e M u s l i m s w i l l for. T h i s is not m y philosophy. the U . S . A r m y w i t h t h e 92nd I n - n o w , f o r t h e first t i m e , begin t o Those who cannot afford to p a y fantry Division, fought i n Italy participate i n o u r body politic b y should have t h e tuition-free opwhere h e w a swounded three m a k i n g their influence felt a t t h e portunity for h i g h learning. times a n d decorated o n several I dont feel that there should polls. occasions f o r heroic combat misY o u c a n s t a n d outside t h e d o o r be t u i t i o n i n t h e S t a t e U n i v e r sions. and holler a n d s a y w h a t i s sity. I think there should b e a n S E N . W A T S O N is' m a r r i e d a n d w r o n g , b u t i fy o u a r e unable t o expansion o f t h e State U n i v e r has three children. H i s late father, J a m e s S. Watson, w a s t h e first Negro judge i n N e w Y o r k " Y o u ' v e T r i e d t h e Rest, N o w T r y t h e B E S T " State. N o . 2 On February 4. Sen. Watson introduced a bill i n t h e senate to provide equality o f religious C L O T H I N G S T O R E freedom a n d rights t oa l l faiths, including t h e followers o f t h e PHONE By J O S E P H

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S P E A K S

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T h e n o w flourishing literary talent o f James B a l d w i n h a d n o easy b i r t h , a n dh e d i d n o t e m e r g e o v e r n i g h t , as s o m e o f h i s n e wdiscoverers w o u l d have y o u believe. F o r years this talent w a si n incubation i n t h e ghetto o f H a r l e m , bef o r e h ew e n t t oE u r o p e n e a r l y a d e c a d e a g o i n a n a t t e m p t to discover t h e U n i t e d States a n d h o wh ea n d h i s people relate t o it. " T h i s book. " T h eF i r e N e x t about this alienation. Time." is a continuation o f T w o essays, o n e long a n d his search f o r place a n d defi- one short, m a k e u p t h e h o o k . nition. T h e short essay, " M y D u n T h e Negro's quasi f r e e d o m geon S h o o k , " o r i g i n a l l ya p is o f t e n m o r e h u m i l i a t i n g p e a r e d i n t h e Progressive t h a n slavery a n d m o r e diffi- m a g a z i n e . T h e l o n g essay, c u l t t o fieht b e c a u s e i t e a v e s " D o w n a t t h e C r o s s , " o r i g the N e g r o t h e illusion, w h i l e inally appeared i n t h eN e w d e n y i n g h i m t h e fact, o f free- Y o r k e r under t h e title, " L e t dom. ter from a Region i n M Thus the Negro continues M i n d , " a n dt h e issue i n w h i c h his a l i e n s t a t u s i na c o u n t r y it c a m e o u t i s n o w a c o l w h e r e h i s people have lived lector's item. for m o r e than 300years. " T h e Fire N e x t T i m e , " like most T H E F I R S T essay, subof Baldwin's writings, is titled "Letter t oM y N e p h e w

on the O n eHundredth Anniversary o ft h e Emancipation." is B a l d w i n ' s a d v i c e t o a y o u n g relative entering t h e area o f racial conflict o n t h e anniversary o f t h e proclamation that is s u p p o s e d t o h a v e s e t h i s people free. T h e thrust o f t h e author's eloquent anger is deep. "This innocent country set you down i n a ghetto i n w h i c h , i nfact, i t intended that you should perish. L e t m e spell o u tprecisely what I m e a n b y that, f o r t h eheart o f the matter i s here, a n d t h e root o fm y dispute w i t h m y country. Baldwin's evaluation o f t h e y Black M u s l i m s a n d their leader, Elijah M u h a m m a d , tells u s m o r e about t h e author than about h i s subject. A s a guest i n t h e h o m e of M u h a m m a d , h e seems t o have vacillated between personal attraction a n d ideological estrangement.

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This column is dedicated to the housewife who finds herself surrounded by aggressive swarms of products and goods which she has little opportunity or means to test or check. It is designed to help her protect her pocketbook in an era of high-pressure advertisement that rarely tells the whole story behind the labels.

H E L P F U L H I N T S T O H O U S E W I V E S : Pills that bring "higher pain relief" a r en o doubt w o n derful t o have b u t B A Y E R Aspirin m a yn o tb et h e answer. T h e Federal Trade Commission h a s charged Sterling D r u g C o m p a n y o f N e wY o r k a n d i t s advertising agency w i t h fab e claims i nadvertising referring t oa comparative study o f i t sB A Y E R A s p i r i n a n df o u r o t h e r analgesics. Challenging t h e"higher pain relief score," claimed f o r B A Y E R Aspirin. F T C charged that i nreality t h e clinical

investigators reported there is n o significant difference i n the degree o f pain relief afforded b y B A Y E R a n d other products tested after a lapse o f 15m i n u t e s f o l l o w i n g a d ministration. F T C also challenged B A Y E R claims that " g o v e r n m e n t supported medical team compares Bayer Aspirin a n d four other popular pain relievers." " T h e f i n d i n g s a n dconclusions r e a c h e d b yt h e m e d i c a l t e a m o fclinical investigators conducting this study a r e their own, personnally, a n dhave n o tbeen endorsed o r approved by t h eUnited States Government, b yt h eAmerican Medical A s s o c i a t i o n o r b yt h em e d i c a l p r o f e s s i o n , " said F T C .

Hospital

Woman Who Opposed ^Muslim M a s s a c r e ' Q u i t s C o l l e g e Post W A L T H A M , Mass.—A white w o m a n w h o w a s among the signers o fa letter protesting t h e brutal police massacre of M u s l i m s i n L o sAngeles last April i s resigning, "under harassment," f r o m Brandeis university here.

The findings are based on reports of the Federal Trade Commission and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for January and February, 1 9 6 3 .

U.S.

Dr. Kathleen Gough Aberle, assistant professor o f a n t h r o p o l o g y , s u b m i t t e d h e r resi g n a t i o n t ot h e D e a n o f F a c ulty, charging h e r academic and political freedom h a d been threatened. Her husband, Dr. David F . Aberle, chairman of the Brandeis department of anthropology, has also submitted his resignation. Both resignations become effective at the end of the current academic year. IN OCTOBER 1963, Mrs. Aberle addressed the student body on the Cuban crisis. In her speech, which she was requested to make by Brandeis students, Dr. Aberle in the main supported the Castro government. Among other things, she pointed out that the Castro regime had given equality—social, in law, and economically—to the country's Negro population. She also stated that she hoped "that if it is a limited war, Cuba will win and the United States will be shamed before all the world and its imperial hegemony ended forever in Latin America. SHE ADDED, "We cannot do this i single out the Cubans for

E A S T

A T L A N T A ( A N P ) — A m a j o r assault o nracial bias i n the nation's hospitals will b e launched b y t h e N A A C P , t h e National Urban League a n d the National Medical Association i na two-day conference here M a y 17-18.

6 3 r d

condemnation) any more than we can, for example, condemn the Black Muslims for saying that they intend to defend themselves against White oppression. The beam is in our eye and only the mote in theirs . . . " Called to the office of Brandeis President, Dr. Abram L . Sachar, eight days after her speech, Dr. Aberle was told by the president that her address had been delivred in a "dangerous, reckless and undisciplined" manner and contained "astonishing," "ill-ad-

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that it is a scandal. If the men are so jealous, why should not the women be so also?" The NUTW's blast against foreign women stirred up a mild tempest. A girl student wrote to a newspaper declaring that the statements of the union "are med i e v a l , reactionary and Pascist . . . " A NUMBER of foreign women m a r r i e d to Tunisians hastily wrote letters swearing that their marriages were happy. Mad. Haddad said the organization's statement was not meant for Tunisians already wed to foreigners. "We want to warn future generations, to prevent young people from making this mistake," she said.

T U N I S I A N W O M E N such as these in front of the government palace in Tunis, are now demanding that Tunisian men "stay home" and marry fewer foreign women and more Tunisian women. With scowling visage and

long braids, the woman at left and her companions are actually awaiting the arrival of President Bourguiba—perhaps to give him the message, under the restraining hands of male guard.

Tunisian Women to their Men: "Don't Marry Foreign Women!'

A G O V E R N M E N T official said that since Mad. Haddad is a member of Tunisia's National Assembly, she could make a proposal on the matter in Parliament. He refused to predict what, if anything, would come of such a proposal.

BEATS ALL OTHERS!..

T U N I S , Tunisia—A women's organization f i g u r a t i v e l y eigners." said Mad. Radhia Hads t a m p e d i t s c o l l e c t i v e f e e t a n d w a r n e d t h i s c o u n t r y ' s y o u n g dad, president of the union, "Tum e n a g a i n s t m a r r y i n g f o r e i g n w o m e n , w h i l e u r g i n g t h e nisian men are the first to shout g o v e r n m e n t t o officially p u ta stop t o t h e practice. The National Union of Tunisian W o m e n , which claims 61.000 members out of the 1,000,000 women in this Moslem nation between the ages of 15 and 60. declared at "a recent congress that marriages with f o r e i g n women caused "flagrant prejudice" to Tunisian society. A S T A T E M E N T by the union observed that Tunisia "is passing through a transitory stage which calls for the coalition of the whole population, men and women, and thus the infiltration of foreign elements into our society might compromise our good organizaUniversal W I N D O W C L E A N I N G SERVICE BROOKLYN, NEW YORK P H O N E G L 5-8307

tion, the future of our society and our nationalism." The statement said the p l o t against Tunisian President Habib Bourguiba's life last December pointed up the danger, adding that nine of the 26 plotters were married to foreign women. "If Tunisian girls marry for-

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WASHINGTON — A scholarship from an American Negro beauty organization helped an African woman complete advanced studies in beauty culture. Mrs. Agnes Pratt of Sierra Leone won the national scholarship of the National Beauty Culturists League and completed courses at the Calvinade Beauty Academy here. "After having studied beauty culture in two other countries." said Mrs. Pratt, who has returned to Sierra Leone, " I finally found what I was looking for when I took up my studies here in the United States. " I thank the National Beauty Culturists League for affording me the opportunity to complete my work so that I may serve my own people better when I return to Sierra Leone."

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Perhaps no one is more aware of this space-age p a r a dox than the 33-year-old Green, himself a former A i r F o r c e captain, who has been w a g i n g an unsuccessful legal fight since 1957 to get an airline pilot's job. G r e e n , w h o w a s in the same cadet class as Astronaut V i r gil G r i s s o m at Randolph Field, has charged he has been r e fused a job solely because of his race. He says he has applied to 600 companies but has gotten only one piloting job, with the Michigan Highway patrol. Green asserted that after leaving that post in Oct. 1960, he has been unemployed except for a few months

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A P R I L 29, 1963

S P E A K S

Asks Congress to Restore Dead Traitors 'Hero Halo' W A S H I N G T O N — While civil rights bills g e ta fast and unceremonious burial i n subcommittees o nCapitol Hill and millions o f unemployed citizens face a hopeless f u ture, a Southern Congressm a n introduced a bill t o r e store citizenship t o a longdead, full-blown traitor w h o fought against h i scountry i n behalf o fw h i t e supremacists.

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status. B o o t h , a n actor, assassinated President A b r ah am Lincoln, a n d Ar ' n o l d gave -a w a y A m e r i c a n s e c r e t s t o t h e British during t h eW a r o f Independence.

Massacre of 1 9 0 8

R e p . J a m e s H .Q u i l l e n o f The Negro massacre of 1908 in Tennessee sponsored t h e bill t o g i v e b a c k f u l l c i t i z e n s h i p Springfield, 111., home of Abrat o R o b e r t E . L e e , l e a d e r o f ham Lincoln, gave impetus to the t h e C o n f e d e r a t e A r m y i n t h e founding of the NAACP. Civil W a r .

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ture contributed by members of the committee." It also will make available the results of our sessions and projects with youth and adult groups" to teachers, social workers and there can be no meaningful his community leaders. The new group re'cently deditory of this country and, indeed no healthy inter-personal relation- j cated a s p e c i a l program to ships as long as achievements of Brown, who, in addition to being one-tenth of our population are an author, also was a trade unionist, university professor a n d ignored and maligned." T H E AMISTAD S O C I E T Y plans-! integration leader The Amistad Society holds bito "make available to scholarly , j o u r n a l S i newspapers and othermonthly sessions on Negro hispublications papers on various tory at Chicago's South Parkway aspects of Negro history and cul- YWCA.

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8 1 5 ST. N I C H O L A S A V E . CONDEMNING T H E "Negro's [ CORNER 151st NEW YORK 3 1 , NEW YORK virtual exclusion f r o m official American history" and noting that "little has been done on a j Saturday, April 27, 8:00 P.M. sustained basis to reconstruct the ! Music by Freddy Grant and Negro's history," the members' His Caribbean Orchestra of The Amistad Socie.y h a v e ! dedicated themselves to "making GUEST OF HONOR: the true history of the black man the common property of our total j ATTEND THE culture." Premier of Guyana The s o c i e t y , one'of m a n y Sponsors: African - Caribbean springing up across the country, | Development Committee and hopes to inspire giroups to "study Ambassadors to UN of African, Negro history on a continuing Asian, Latin American Nations basis" and that the efforts of the ! For Information Call 52nd ST. EAST of 7th AVE., NEW Y O R K organization will "impress upon MU. 6 - 2 8 3 8 ADMISSION $ 1 5 PER-PERSON the consciousness of America that

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BY R U S S E L L BURNS A n e wN e g r o h i s t o r y , research a n d action organization, inspired b y t h e late a u t h o r o f" T r u m b u l l P a r k , " F r a n k L o n d o n B r o w n , a n dn a m e d f o r a slave ship, w a s f o r m e d recently in Chicago.

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Mary Joanes, history major, C h i c a g o Teachers College, and Owen Lawsen, history m a jor, Roosevelt. University. Back row (left to right) are Bennett Johnson, supervisor, Illinois State Employment Service, and former public high school physics teacher; Thomas Higginbotham, English and history teacher, Wendell Phillips High School, and Don Sykes, Observers, while failing r o history teacher, Wendell Phillips High School. » r a s p O u i l l e n ' s a n a l o g } - , d i d wonder about other traitors such a s J o h n W i l k e s B o o t h

New Negro History Society "A committee on N e g r o culture and history," T h e A m istad Society's p r i m a r y purpose is s e a r c h i n g out and disseminating facts on Negro history. T h e society, organized by a group of scholars — four high school history teachers. a former teacher and severa college history majors — is named for the slave ship. Amistad, meaning "friendship" in Spanish, which w a s forcibly taken over by a h a r d y band of slaves in 1839* in a noteworthy revolt.

AND

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T H E A M I S T A D S O C I E T Y ' S executive committee, shown a t a recent C h i c a g o meeting, is composed of four high school history teachers, a former secondary school instructor and several college history majors. In the front row (left to right) ore B. Young, history teacher, Thornton High School; Sterling Stuckey, history teacher, Wendell Phillips High school; Mrs. Cornelia Johnson, John Bracey, history major, Roosevelt University;

Quillen, i n g'iving h i s ''reason' f o r t h em o v e , said ( w i t h a s t r a i g h t face) h e felt t h a t since W i n s t o n C h u r c h i l l , former British Prime Minister and W o r l d W a r I I leader, h a s been v o t e d A m e r i c a n citizenship b y Congress, h e could not s e ew h yL e eshould n o t be a c c o r d e d t h e s a m e r i g h t .

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M U H A M M A D

S P E A K S

Crispus Attacks

A National Holiday For A Negro Hero? A 11 American holidays, like the song about Christmas, are :hite.' A n d this despite t h e presence o f20,000.000 black A m e r icans a n d their incredible contributions which have i m measurably enriched a n d a d vanced t h e nation. But n o wa major Negro business firm is m a k i n g a m o v e t o secure enactment o f a national holiday i nhonor o f one federally-neglected A m e r ican patriot. T H E C O M P A N Y : Chicago Metropolitan Mutual Assurance Company.

P A I N T I N G D E P I C T I N G Crispus Attucks leading charge against British soldiers in Boston Commons is viewed by (from left) Samuel B. Stratton, lecturer on Negro History at the University of C h i c a g o ; George S. Harris, president, C h i c a g o Metropolitan Mutual As-

surance company; Alton D a v i s , director, American Negro Emancipation Centennial Authority, and Lerone Bennett, author of "Before the Mayflower," a book on the Negro in history.

The 193rd Anniversary of the t h a t c r o s s t o t h e v i c t o r v o f heroism of Attucks, sponsored by g l o r i o u s m a r t y r d o m , " A d a m s his company, attracted prominent civic, educational and business said. leaders and is regarded as the "The w o r l d h a s h e a r d o f most formidable attempt to sehim a n d m o r e , t h e E n g l i s h cure a national holiday named for a Negro. speaking world will never forHarris pointed out that the I g e t t h e n o b l e , d a r i n g a n d e x - drive for a petition to President ! d i s a b l e r a s h n e s s o f A t t u c k s Kennedy is not directed towards i n t h e H o l y c a u s e o f L i b e r t y , " a "segregated holiday." He explained that Crispus Atthe President declared. tacks and the four white colonists H o w e v e r , i f t h e y d i d n o t"died for all Americans and they f o r g e t i t , t h e y s o o n b u r i e d i t . deserve to be honored by all B u t i f t h e n a t i o n a l c a m p a i g n Americans." "At the same time," Harris led b y M e t r o p o l i t a n ' s p r e s i i d e n t G e o r g e S . H a r r i s i s s u c - added, "Americans should be proud to announce to the world cessful, A d a m s ' w o r d s m a y that a Negro, an ex-slave, was yet b e fulfilled. the first to die for freedom."

G e o r g e S. Harris T H E C A N D I D A T E : the intrepid - C r i s p u s Attucks, a c k n o w l e d g e d a s t h e first m a n to d i e fighting f o rt h e independence o f t h e A m e r i c a n people during the Boston M a s s a c r e , s o m e five y e a r s b e fore t h ebattle o f L e x i n g t o n . Petitions will g o t o President. K e n n e d y a s k i n g that h e proclaim a national holiday in h o n o r o f A t t u c k s . Metropolitan h a s already established t h e date o f M a r c h 5, t h e d a y A t t u c k s d i e d , a s a n official h o l i d a y f o r i t s e m ployees, a n d is encouraging o t h e r firms t o d o t h e s a m e . A T T U C K S , omitted from most U.S. history books, l e d a group o f white sailors against a squadron o f British troops i nBoston C o m m o n s i n 1770. w i t h t h e a v o w e d o b j e c tive o f driving t h e m o u t o the city . A n e s c a p e d slave, h ew a s then a sailor o n a w h a l i n g ship. Par from "accidentally" a t tacking t h e British h eh a d been l o n g regarded as a n" i n flammatory .agitator" w h o associated w i t h such "subversives" as Paul Revere a n d Samuel Adams along the Boston, d o c k s .

ton Massacre that i t set t h etion o f A m e r i c a n independclimate f o rall-out revolt. ence was laid." There's a m o n u m e n t erectBut A d a m s said m u c h m o r e ed t o h o n o r t h e catalystic t h a n t h a t . H e characterized hero standing i n Boston C o m - Attucks as actually "bearing m o n s w i t h a ni n s c r i p t i o n f r o m t h e c r o s s " f o rA m e r i c a n i n d e Daniel W e b s t e r w h i c h says : pendence a n d compared h i m

"From that moment, w e m a y date t h eseverance o f t h e British Empire." And a quotation from John A d a m s , second President o f SO D E E P w a s t h e shock the United States: and indignation over t h e Bos"On that night t h e founda-

VISIT

A C O B B L E S T O N E STAR on a Boston street indicates the spot where Crispus Attucks, a Negro, became the first American to give his life for independence. Minister Louis X o f Boston points to the star. f

C R I S P U S A T T U C K S name and those of four other patriots are inscribed on this monument in Boston, where "the foundation of A m e r i c a n Independence was l a i d " on March 5, 1770.

w i t h t h eblack m a n , S i m o n o f Siree w h o m t h e Christians say bore t h e cross for Christ. "When t h e colonists were struggling w e a r i l y under their cross o f woe, a Negro came t o t h e front a n d bore

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29. 1963

Al Hibbler In Ala. spurred the register-to-vote-drive in Greenwood, Miss. Southern police are adopting the tactic of not arresting prominent Negroes who participate in antisegregation demonstrations, but Birmingham's Safety CommisHibbler followed the l e a d of sioner T. Eugene Connor of BirmNoted blind singer, Al Hibbler, ingham swore he'd fill up the jails who took part in peaceful demon- Comedian Dick G r e g o r y who with demonstrators.

BIRMINGHAM, Ala.—The appearance of Negro entertainers in the front ranks of civil rights demonstrators is expected to instill new vigor and vitality into the South-wide campaign to batter down racial barriers.

C o m e

strations here, was arrested and jailed. He later was released by police who claimed he was taken into custody "by mistake," despite the advance news revealing his plan to join the demonstrators.

a n d

Meanwhile, the call has gone out to other Negro entertainers to join the fight. It was reported Sammy Davis J r . , and bandleader Ray Charles, who, like Hibbler, is blind, will also participate.

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Sunday 2:00 P.M.

BLIND S I N G E R A l Hibbler (center) is among entertainers adding additional drive to Negroes' push for freedom in the South. Store mannequin ( r e a r ) seems to throw up her hands in consternation at Negroes' struggle for equality under the law.

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WiaOPENJ

Teenage Tenants on Death Row ATLANTA—Death row in the deep South may soon be reserved for Negro tenants only. A 1963 survey of those under death sentence in the prisons of seven Southern states reveals an almost total absence of w h i t e prisoners. Thus, though it has never been the most "integrated" aspect of Southern justice—the death penalty continues to be confined to non-whites and Negro teenagers the most prominent tenants.

No white youth of that age has All of them are Negroes. ever been executed in the history "The Cobb case has attracted of this "cultural center" of the j the attention of people all over South. the world," said Atty. Donald L . INTERNATIONAL concern over [ Hollowell, Atlanta's noted c i v i l America's dual justice is reflect- ! rights lawyer. "We intend to save ed in the fact that groups in I young Cobb regardless of the Egypt, A u s t r a l i a , India and j cost."

Y O U N G E S T known death rowtenant in the South at present is 17-year-old Preston Cobb (sentenced to death when he was 161 who now sits in the shadow of the electric chair in the Georgia State Prison at Reidsviile.

Prance have appealed for a stay of execution for Cobb, given the death sentence for allegedly killing of a white South Georgia farmer. But Georgia, like some other Southern states, has a notorious record in the execution of Negroes. Though this state has never put a white woman to death, a Negro woman, 44-year-old Lena Baker, was executed in 1945 for the raur; der of a white man.

If the sentence is carried out and Cobb is "electrocuted until he is dead" in the words of Lynchburg, Va., Judge O. Raymond Cundiff when he sentenced Thomas Wansley, 18, for the 'rape' of a white woman who could not identify him) he will be the fourth known Negro his age or younger officially put to death by the Stare of Georgia.

PROM 1945 to 1962, 164 people ' met death in the electric chair. Of that n u m b e r , 132 were Ne| groes. Only 32 were white. Georgia has executed 26 men for rape since 1945. All of them, including two 16-year - old boys, were Negroes. Other prisoners besides Cobb are currently living in death row at Reidsviile, awaiting execution.

years. But the new bill, which is awaiting the Governor's signature, is meticulously worded so that it will not affect any person tried and convicted before it becomes | law—thus once again slamming i the door that could gain young 1 W H I L E messages condemning Cobb a stay of execution. i Cobb's death sentence continued Atty. Hollowell meanwhile is. i to pour in, the Georgia S t a t ej seeking a chance to argue for a I Legislature was passing a bill I new trial for Cobb before Judge raising the legal age for execu- j Carpenter of the Circuit Court of tion to 17, from 10 years of age, 1 Appeals in his struggle to save which had been Georgia law for \ the youth from death.

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HOUSES FOR SALE FAMILY HOUSE—CASH $20,000 FAMILY HOUSE—CASH $8,000 FAMILY HOUSE—CASH $15,000 F A M I L Y P L U S S T O R E — C A S H $21,250 S H A B A Z Z R E A L T Y CO 400 W . 145TH S T . N E W Y O R K 31, N.Y. A U 1 2628

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But even as the fight for Cobb goes on, with its w o r l d wide echoes and implications, death row in the Deep South continues to receive new tenants. Most are Negroes.

Here . . .

of T r u t h

. . . Mightier Than The

AREA ATLANTA — G R I F F I N , G A A T L A N T I C C I T Y — V I N E L A N D , N. J AUGUSTA, G A . — C O L U M B I A , S.C BALTIMORE, MD BIRMINGHAM. ALA CAMDEN. N . J CHATTANOOGA, TENN CHICAGO —EVANSTON. ILL C O L U M B U S , G A . — P H E N I X CITY, DALLAS TEXAS H O U S T O N , TEXAS J A C K S O N , MISS KANSAS C I T Y , M O

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LITTLE R O C K . A R K LOS A N G E L E S , C A L I F M I A M I — FT. L A U D E R D A L E . F L A M I A M I - F T . LAUDERDALE. FLA MONROE, LA NASHVILLE, TENN NEW ORLEANS, LA N E W Y O R K , N. Y. — N E W A R K , N. J N E W Y O R K , N.Y. — N E W A R K , N. J O K L A H O M A CITY, OKLA P H I L A D E L P H I A . PA. — C H E S T E R , P A PHOENIX, ARIZ. R I C H M O N D — P E T E R S B U R G . VA SAN A N T O N I O , TEXAS SAN D I E G O . C A L I F . . SAN FRANCISCO OAKLAND, C A L F ST. L O U I S , M O TUSCALOOSA. ALA TYLER, T E X A S W A S H I N G T O N , D. C WILMINGTON. D E L

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TIME DIAL, K C DAY 5:30 P.M. 860 SUN. 3:00 P.M. 1270 S U N . 11:00 A . M . 1050 SUN. 12:30 P.M. 1010 SUN. 9:30 P.M. 1570 S U N . 10:00 P.M. 1590 S U N . 6:30 A . M . 1260 SUN. 6:30 A . M : 8:30 P.M. 93.9 SUN. 9 : 3 0 P.M. ISSO SUN. 9 : 3 0 P.M. IS70 SUN. 9 : 3 0 P.M. IS70 SUN. 9 : 3 0 P.M. 1570 SUN. 9 : 3 0 P.M. 1570 SUN. 7:30 P.M. 1570 SUN. 1:00 P.M. 6:30 A . M . 93.5 SUN. 9:30 P.M. 990 SUN. 9 : 3 0 P.M. M40 SUN. 9 : 3 0 P.M. 1570 SUN. 6:30 P.M. 1570 SUN. 11:30 P.M. 1570 SUN. 9 : 3 0 P.M. SUN. 10:00 P.M. 1606 FRI. 1570 S U N . 10:30 A . M . 5:00 P.M.j 1590 SUN. 9 : 3 0 P.M. 1440 SUN. 6:00 P.M. 990 SUN. 8:00 P.M. IS70 SUN. 9 : 3 0 P.M. 1470 SUN. 10:30 P.M. MSO SUN. 9 : 3 0 P.M. 1570 SUN. 5:30 P.M. 1570 SUN. 10:00 P.M. 1570 SUN. 1340 SUN. 1590 SUN.

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