B.Arch. Architecture Thesis Black Book- Orphanage with Home for Aged

An Architectural Design Thesis project report on ORPHANAGE WITH HOME FOR AGED Submitted to the Symbiosis Skills and Professional University in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the Graduate degree of Bachelor of Architecture (B. Arch) By MUSKAN NAULAKHA Under the guidance of AR. PAYAL GULHANE School of Architecture, Urban Development and Planning Symbiosis Skills and Professional University April 2022

Orphanage with Home for Aged

MUSKAN NAULAKHA

Orphanage with Home for Aged CERTIFICATE

SCHOOL OF ARCHITETCURE, URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING Village Kiwale, Adjoining Pune Mumbai Expressway, Pune 412 101 INDIA Candidate’sDeclaration

This is to certify that the above statement made by the Candidate is correct to the best of our knowledge Dr. Gauri Shiurkar TheDirectorCandidate has appeared for the viva voce examination held at SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING, of Pune, Symbiosis Skills and Professional University Thesis Coordinator Guide Name External Examiner Name Ar. Dinesh Hipparkar Ar. Payal Gulhane

I hereby certify that the work which is being presented in the Architectural Design Thesis Project titled “ORPHANAGE WITH HOME FOR AGED” in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the Bachelor of Architecture degree (B.Arch.), submitted at SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING, Pune is an authentic record of my own work carried out during the period from June 2021 to April 2022 under the supervision of AR. PAYAL GULHANE (thesis guide). I declare that the work submitted is my own research and wherever I have incorporated any information, data, maps, graphics, etc. from different sources, it has been duly acknowledged. The matter embodied in this Thesis has not been submitted by me for the award of any other degree.

Orphanage with Home for Aged

Orphanage with Home for Aged Acknowledgements

I would like to express my gratitude to Dr. Gauri Shiurkar ma’am; Director, Symbiosis School of Architecture, Urban Development and Planning, Pune; for providing me the opportunity to participate in this report. This thesis study and the research behind it would not have been possible without the constant support of my guides, Ar. Payal Gulhane ma’am, Ar. Dinesh Hipparkar sir and Ar. Shahid Rahmat sir. Their enthusiasm, knowledge and disciplined attention to every detail have been an inspiration and kept my work on track from my first encounter with this topic till now.

I am also grateful for the insightful comments offered by my faculties and my classmates on this report. The generosity and experience of one and everyone have improved this study in unnumberable ways that and saved me from several errors; those who inevitably stay are entirely my very own responsibility.

I would like to extend my sincere appreciation towards my parents, for blessing me with their kind heart and all the love.

Orphanage with Home for Aged

Orphanage with Home for Aged INDEX SR. NO CONTENT PAGE NO 1. INTRODUCTION 1…4 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Aim 1 1.3 Objectives 1 1.4 Scope and Limitation 2 1.5 Conclusion 2 2. DATA COLLECTION 5…26 2.1 Literature Review Introduction 5 2.2 Papers, Articles, Reviews, Information 5 2.3 Design Standards, Anthropometric data 9 2.4 User Groups 13 2.5 Structural and Services related standards. 13 2.6 Rules and regulations 15 2.7 IS and NBC Codes 21 2.8 Inclusive design Aspects 22 3. CASE STUDIES AND ANALYSIS 27…56 3.1 Introduction, Selection Criteria 27 3.2 Live Case Study 1 Ayudham Society, Delhi 27 3.3 Live Case Study 2 Shanti Nivas Vrudh Ashram, Bkn 31 3.4 Net Case Study 3 Econef Children’s Center, Tanzania 33 3.5 Net Case Study 1 Group home, Noboribetsu 40 3.6 Net Case Study 2 Antara Senior Living, Dehradun 44 3.7 Case Study comparative Analysis 52 3.8 Conclusions and Inferences 55 4. SITE ANALYSIS 57…76 4.1 Site Selection Criterion 57 4.2 Site Analysis 57 5. DESIGN PROGRAM 77…82 5.1 Design Approach / Brief 77 5.2 Space Program 78 6. BIBLIOGRAPHY 83

Orphanage with Home for Aged

LIST OF FIGURES / TABLES / CHARTS SR. NO FIGURES / TABLES / CHARTS PAGE NO Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Figure 1 Flow Chart 3 Figure 2 Relation between old and young 3 Chapter 2 DATA COLLECTION Figure 3 Infant Sleeping Area 9 Figure 4 Dimension of furniture & equipment 10 Figure 5 Admin Office Standards 11 Figure 6 Medical Wing Standards 11 Figure 7 Kitchen Standards 12 Figure 8 Restrooms for Specially abled People 12 Figure 9 Dining Area Standards 13 Figure 10 Wheelchair Specification 18 Figure 11 Ramp Ratio (1:15) 18 Figure 12 Staircase Standards 19 Figure 13 Western toilet 19 Figure 14 Western toilet 19 Figure 15 Wheelchair Movement Shown 20 Figure 16 Door Standards 20 Figure17 Self sustained Architecture 22 Figure18 Brick façade 23 Figure19 Reclaimed wood flooring and window 23 Figure 20 Plant based rigid foam structure 23 Figure 21 Ferrock tiles 24 Figure 22 Inside out courtyard design sketch 25 Figure 23 Biophilic design in interiors 25 Figure 24 Universally accessible healing garden design concept 26 Figure 25 Ramp with wheelchair standards 26 Table 1 Statistics of existing furniture 9 Table 2 Proposed Built area calculation 13 Table 3 Site Specification 15 Table 4 Design Standards 16 Table 5 I S codes 21 Table 6 I S codes 21 Chapter 3 CASE STUDIES AND ANALYSIS

Figure 26 Location, Ayudham society, Delhi 27 Figure 27 Gazebo at Ayudham Delhi 28 Figure 28 Garden space at Ayudham Delhi 29 Figure 29 Room for financially well off category 29 Figure 30 Room for economically weaker section 30 Figure 31 Dining hall at Ayudham, Delhi 31 Figure 32 Front façade at Shanti Nivas Vrudh ashram 31 Figure 33 Bathroom at Shanti Nivas Vrudh ashram 32 Figure 34 Common room at Shanti Nivas Vrudh ashram 32 Figure 35 Kitchen at Shanti Nivas Vrudh ashram 32 Figure 36 Dormitory at Shanti Nivas Vrudh ashram 33 Figure 37 Local site plan 33 Figure 38 Floor plan scale 1:100 34 Figure 39 Dormitory at Children’s Center Tanzania 35 Figure 40 Bathroom at Children’s Center Tanzania 35 Figure 41 Common Spaces 36 Figure 42 Central Courtyard 36 Figure 43 Distant view of Children’s Center Tanzania 37 Figure 44 Solar water heater 37 Figure 45 Solar panels 38 Figure 46 Section AA’ 38 Figure 47 Section BB’ 38 Figure 48 Courtyard view 39 Figure 49 Group home in Japan 40 Figure 50 Concept 41 Figure 51 Site plan 42 Figure 52 Section 43 Figure 53 Dining interior 43 Figure 54 Exterior façade 43 Figure 55 Interior of group home 44 Figure 56 Design module for group home in Noboribetsu 44 Figure 57 Project image of Antara senior living Dehradun 45 Figure 58 Site plan of Antara senior living Dehradun 46 Figure 59 Layout plan of Antara senior living Dehradun 47 Figure 60 Apartment type-A 48 Figure 61 Apartment type B 49 Figure 62 Apartment type C 49 Figure 63 Apartment type D 50 Figure 64 Apartment type E 50 Figure 65 Apartment type F 51 Table 7 Area program for Antara Senior Living Dehradun 47

Table 8 Materials and services specification 51 Table 9 Case studies selection criteria 52 Table 10 Live case studies comparative analysis 53 Table 11 Internet case studies comparative analysis 54 Chapter 4 SITE SELECTION AND ANALYSIS Figure 66 Site location 57 Figure 67 Site as 2D map 57 Figure 68 Climatic analysis chart of site 58 Figure 69 Temperature recoded at site 59 Figure 70 Percentage humidity at site 59 Figure 71 Pressure at site 59 Figure 72 Visibility at site 60 Figure 73 Wind pressure at site 60 Figure 74 Air quality at site 60 Figure 75 Soil classification of Rajasthan 61 Figure 76 Soil type at site 61 Figure 77 Water supply scheme in Bikaner 63 Figure 78 Junagarh fort Bikaner 64 Figure 79 Bhandasar Jain temple 64 Figure 80 Carved pillars at Bhandasar Jain temple 65 Figure 81 Laxmi Niwas palace garden 65 Figure 82 Tomb garden Bikaner 65 Figure 83 Rampuriya Haveli 66 Figure 84 Site map with surroundings 66 Figure 85 Land use map 2023 of Bikaner district 67 Figure 86 Site map 67 Figure 87 Maps showing major roads and traffic condition 68 Figure 88 Site image from South West 68 Figure 89 Site image towards South West 69 Figure 90 Site image from East 69 Figure 91 Site image from North 69 Figure 92 Site entrance from North 70 Figure 93 Sun path on site 70 Figure 94 Wind flow path on site 71 Figure 95 Site vegetation plan 71 Figure 96 Kikar tree 72 Figure 97 Kikar tree 73 Figure 98 Site vegetation 74 Figure 99 Site map with dimensions 74 Chapter 5 DESIGN PROGRAM

Table 12 Children’s block area program 78 Table 13 Elder’s block area program 79 Table 14 Recreational block area program 79 Table 15 Medical block area program 79 Table 15 Administration block area program 80 Table 16 Staff and service block area program 80 Table 17 Area program for miscellaneous activities 80

1) To design architectural spaces for old and young that brings new energy, knowledge and enthusiasm to each other’s lives.

BACKGROUND

Orphanage with Home for Aged 1 Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

The idea behind this proposal is to translate the emotions of synergetic relationship of both orphans as well as annulled elders into architectural spaces considering physical comfort for both the groups.

1.1

1.3 OBJECTIVES

2) To design its infrastructure for cost reduction (societal benefits of putting the two types of institution together).

The number of old age homes are growing in India. India, the nation in which is known for family values and has a system of living together is slowly breaking due to plenty of reasons such as, present time lifestyle, the concept of nuclear family, etc. Some of the elderly in such families are left by their children on to the streets and are isolated.

3) To create common spaces within the campus separately from that of their private domes, maintaining the privacy and health related safety for both the groups.

4) To treat the campus with beautiful landscape resulting in rejuvenating the life of elderly by providing them the right companionship.

themwiththeelderlymembers(moreexperiencedones)willmakethemmore disciplined and will provoke good thoughts and good values amongst those orphans also it will help to enrich the lives of the community's youngest members, and encourage them to continually strive for a better future. The orphanage helps care for children who are abandoned or whose families are unable to care for them.

When a person becomes senior citizen he or she comes to a very sensitive age in his or her life. As it is said a child or an aged person is one and the same thing; their behavior, their need or the amount of care needed becomes the same as that of a new born baby. The aged people need a lot of care. They need a good amount of care, respect, dignity and effort so that they can die peacefully. Likewise, kids are like sponges, they need positive guidance. They absorb everything they see or hear. There is just too much distraction around them that can lead them Thus,astray.combining

1.2 AIM The intent of this project is to design a campus where the Orphans and the elderly people that are annulled from their own houses can co habit under one roof. Providing architectural solutions that focuses on restoring safety and belongingness among both the addressed user groups.

One of the factors that make old age homes attractive to elders is the companionship, similarly orphans in orphanages are given a safe environment in which to grow, given somewhere to sleep, regular food and schooling.

Orphanage with Home for Aged 2 Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune 1.4 SCOPE AND LIMITATION

3) To design a self-sustained campus using Eco-friendly materials and construction techniques, thus generating local employment.

1.5 CONCLUSION

3) Fully skilled and well equipped administrative blocks are required for separate working teams (orphanages attempt to have their population adopted or fostered out. However, old age homes tend to have a medical focus, making the elderly comfortable in their last days of life).

5) To generate privacy for all the occupants by designing private residential spaces along with separate common interactive spaces within the campus.

1) The study focuses on translating the interdependent behavior of both the targeted group into architectural spaces. To indulge only in the architectural expression rather than its social and psychological parameters.

Providing a hub indulging both the homes will reduce the need to form more and more orphanages and old age homes every year to home these homeless people. Since, both the residents need emotional support other than food and shelter. Thus, it can be achieved by creating common recreational spaces which would focus on the endeavor of creating this hub, providing them withtheiremotionalneeds but stilllettingthemhavetheirprivatespaceto carry on with their lifestyle. Recreational urban pockets are essentially designed according to the gender and socio economic status of the group. Well designed infrastructure as well as the surrounding landscape have a huge impact on children overall development. On the other hand, older generation group reacts differently in such build spaces, depending on their participation such as, performance oriented participation and togetherness oriented participation. Senior members are weak physically thus it creates forced separation in house for them.

4) To indulge the concept of Biophilic design interventions which connects occupant to the natural environment.

LIMITATIONS:

1) Since designing a single campus to indulge both the generations might be controversial, thus more research, funding, and government support is needed for these intergenerational schemes to become the world’s default for care.

SCOPE:

2) Large and interactive common spaces need to be designed along with separate blocks for the two different groups of people, since both the generations have weak immunity so they are more prone to viral diseases, thus the space will act more like a day care center (interaction only duringsomehoursofthedaywithspecificgroupofelderly) whilestaying in the same campus.

2) To adopt the universal design norms making the space accessible to all.

4) Cleanliness and sound proof environment is to be maintained within the campus. The medical wing should be 24/7 accessible and properly ventilated.

Orphanage with Home for Aged 3 Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune In my opinion, natural recreational open spaces are as essential for such design project as a well designed infrastructure. Barrier free design would add to the concept including friendly green pockets and designed spaces performing various activities for both the age groups separately as well as combined. Figure 2: RELATION BETWEEN OLD AND YOUNG Figure 1: FLOW CHART

Orphanage with Home for Aged 4 Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune

needs

2.2 PAPERS, ARTICLES, REVIEWS, INFORMATION LITERATURE REVIEW: 1 TITLE OF PAPER: THE LAND OF OLD AGE”: SOCIETY'S CHANGING ATTITUDES TOWARD URBAN BUILT ENVIRONMENTS FOR ELDERLY PEOPLE (Laws, 1993) PUBLICATIONGlendaAUTHORLaws YEAR LINK1993 FOR https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467PAPER: 8306.1993.tb01960.x REVIEW1.Thecontext of this paper is US. 2. The built environment occurs by design and default. 3. Policies shape the built environments explicitly. 4. Private sector and economy determine the built environment for old people. 5. The attitude of senior people is the cause and also the effect for built environment. CONCLUSION1.Integrationof old and young at the household level. 2. Separate special arrangements are required for older and younger generations 3. Senior members are weak physically thus it creates forced separation in house for them. 4. Incompatible life styles, create separate built environments for both younger and elder generations. 5. The author in conclusion puts up the question to the readers whether the built environment can lead to integration of old and new generation. LITERATURE REVIEW: 2

Orphanage with Home for Aged 5 Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune CHAPTER 2: DATA COLLECTION 2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW INTRODUCTION Psychological well being of the elderly population who live independently, show the negative effects of loneliness, social isolation, and difficulties in terms of self care needs.

On the other hand, the young children and toddlers who are admitted to an orphanage, often lacks self-care as well. Both groups may need extra protection owing to their vulnerability.

in good manners and ethics and difficulties in terms of

Only if they both are made interdependent, it will serve each of their needs.

Orphanage with Home for Aged 6 Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune TITLE OF ARCHITECTUREPAPER:ENABLING TRANSFORMATION OF LIVES IN CHILDREN'S HOME (Singh, REVIEWhttps://ajLINK2008PUBLICATIONMariaAUTHORRELATIONSTWOTITLELITERATURECONCLUSIONREVIEWN_OF_LIVES_IN_ORPHANAGEShttps://www.academia.edu/17902996/ARCHITECTURE_ENABLING_TRANSFORMATIOLINK2015PUBLICATIONShivanginiAUTHOR2015)SinghYEARFORPAPER:1.ThecontextofthispaperisIndia.2.RelationshipbetweenHumanpsychologyandbuildspaces.3.Architectureactsasnurturingdevicesforchildrentotransform.4.Thepaperdeterminestheenhancementofresidentsthroughchildfriendlydesign.5.Itincludescommunityliving,childfriendlyresidentialsetting,adult'ssupervision,scalepreference,outdoorgreenspaces,privateandhidingspaces,groupspaces.1.Builtspaceshasahugeimpactofchildrenbehavior.2.Itaffectstheirprocessofhealingandtransformationinjourneyoflife.3.Childfriendlydesignanditsimmediatesurroundingseliminatesthefeelingofalienation.4.Theauthorconcludesthepaperwithafewdesignguidelinesexplainingsomeaspectswhichcouldbeadoptedtointegratesenseofplaceattachmentinthesehomes.REVIEW:3OFPAPER:DIMENSIONSOFPARTICIPATIONINVERYOLDAGEANDTHEIRTOHOMEANDNEIGHBORHOODENVIRONMENTS(Haaketal.,2008)Haak;AgnetaFänge;VibekeHorstmann;SusanneIwarssonYEARFORPAPER:ot.aota.org/article.aspx?articleid=1867033

Orphanage with Home for Aged 7 Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune 1. The context of this paper is European countries: Sweden, the United Kingdom, Germany, Latvia, and Hungary. 2. Aim to capture and operationalize the concept of participation among people who are very old. 3. Investigate whether and how aspects of housing and neighborhood environments relate to participation in very old age. CONCLUSION1.Qualitativeanalysis of two dimension participation ● performance oriented participation ● and togetherness oriented participation 2. Such home and surrounding environment has impact on health promotion. 3. The paper contributes knowledge in this field by including occupational therapy interventions targeting not only individual clients but society at large. LITERATURE REVIEW: 4 TITLE OF CHILDREN'SPAPER:MOBILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES IN URBAN LANDSCAPES: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY OF 10 11-YEAR-OLD SCOTTISH CHILDREN (Olsen et al., 2019) Olsen,AUTHORJonathan R.; Mitchell, Richard McCrorie; Paul Ellaway; Anne PUBLICATION YEAR LINK2019 FOR REVIEWhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S027795361930053X?via%3DihubPAPER:1.ThecontextofthispaperisScotland.2.Impactofenvironmentonchildrennearbyspaceswithclosedboundaries and environmental characteristics. 3. Major concept of paper is to divide area as landscape spatial facilities, infrastructure features, and broader contexts. 4. Relationship between children and landscape depending on their socio demographic characteristics. 5. Negative impact of fixed neighborhood boundaries among children. 6. Interventions according to gender and socio economic status of children. CONCLUSION1.Thepaperincludes new methods to describe environmental exposure and urban mobility. 2. Whether nearby or far away from their homes, children love to spend time in a suitable wide urban space.

Importance of natural space in children’s overall development.

ElizabethAUTHORA.

Richardson, Jamie Pearce, Niamh K. Shortt, Richard Mitchell YEAR REVIEWhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935117313907PAPER:1.ThecontextofthispaperisScotland.2.

4. Private garden access has more impact than natural spaces nearby.

3. Availability of garden spaces in 500m of child’s house is identified as productive social outcome.

5. Development of children form low education households through access to gardens and natural green spaces.

LINK2017 FOR

CONCLUSION1.Thepaperhas enhanced the evidence base for the importance of natural urban pockets in the overall development of a child.

4. The author concludes the paper by putting up the question for the readers that whether, the importance of neighborhood natural space increases with age.

PUBLICATION

2. Private gardens help children to interact more and better socially and emotionally.

Orphanage with Home for Aged 8 Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune 3. Recreational space design depends on the gender as girls are more interested in leisure centers than boys. 4. Such space designs also dependonthesocio economicstatus ofthegroupas childrenfrom deprived households will spend more time at playing fields and play parks than children living in more affluent areas. LITERATURE REVIEW: 5 TITLE OF PAPER: THE ROLE OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE NATURAL SPACE IN CHILDREN'S SOCIAL, EMOTIONAL AND BEHAVIOURAL DEVELOPMENT IN SCOTLAND: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY (Richardson et al., 2017)

3. Improvement in urban planning policies such as easy access to nearby natural space has an impact on children development.

Orphanage with Home for Aged 9 Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune 2.3 DESIGN STANDARDS, ANTHROPOMETRIC DATA This part focuses on the guidelines and laws set and specific standards which have been developed accordingly that needs to be concisely kept in mind while designing the space. CHILDRENa.INFANTS (birth to 12 months) Figure 3: INFANT SLEEPING AREA b. Toddlers (1-3 years) Table 1: Statistics of existing furniture (all measurements are in millimeters). FURNITURE MEASUREMENTS MINIMUM MAXIMUM Table depth 350 850 Table width 520 1990 Table height 445 570 Chair depth 300 313 Cahir width 245 330 Chair height 255 310 Coat hanger height 820 1530

Orphanage with Home for Aged 10Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune Shoe cupboard height 160 1500 Washbasin depth 130 320 Washbasin height 440 790 Mirror height 800 1250 WC pan depth 280 440 WC pan width 250 375 WC pan height 280 405 TV height 630 1370 c. Young Kids (more than 3 years to 8years) Figure 4: Dimension of Furniture & Equipment STAFF & ADMIN

Orphanage with Home for Aged 11Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune Figure 5: ADMIN OFFICE STANDARDS Figure 6: MEDICAL WING STANDARDS

Orphanage with Home for Aged 12Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune Figure 7: KITCHEN STANDARDS AGED GROUP Figure 8: RESTROOM FOR SPECIALLY-ABLED PEOPLE

Orphanage with Home for Aged 13Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune Figure 9: DINING AREA STANDARDS 2.4 USER GROUPS The thesis therefore decided to focus on both the abolished groups of society that are orphans as well as homeless old age people. Along with re establishing human connections with these two groups, the design proposal also benefits and focuses on upliftment of local people serving as their caretakers in form of hospitality workers and admin staffs. With the proposal of such project; local artisans, craftsmen, laborers, construction workers and even local government would be benefitted in terms of employment and economy. 2.5 STRUCTURAL AND SERVICES RELATED STANDARDS. Proposed Built Area Calculation: Table 2: PROPOSED BUILT AREA CALCULATION Type of Space Spatial Composition Area Calculated 1.Landscaping a. Healing Garden Variety of medicinal plants and herbs, flowering plants, sitting spaces, walking pathways and pergolas. 400 sq. m b. Crop, Fruits and Vegetable surroundingplantationthecampus. Plants and pathways.2. ServicesSustainable a. Solar Panels Placement on terrace b. Rain water Harvesting System Refining Plant, storage 50 sq. m

Orphanage with Home for Aged 14Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune c. Bio Gas Plant/ Effluent Treatment plant Collection chamber, outlet spacestorage,chamber,fermenter 100 sq. m 3. SpacesPrivate a. Staff Accommodation 2 nos. stay units, shared living/ toilet/ bath/ laundry facilities. 1 stay unit+ toilet/ bath 3people capacity 150 sq. m b. Admin Accommodation Living Toilet,Bedroom,room,Kitchen,andworkspace. 35 sq. m 25 sq. m c. Guest Room 2 people capacity units/ 3 nos. 60sq. m d. Domes for elderly 12 people toilet/bath,capacities+store5nos. 300 sq. m e. Domes for kids 12 people toilet/bath,capacities+store5nos. 250 sq. m f. Single units (studio apartment) Room+ toilet/ bath 25 sq. m 4. SpacesCommon a. Administration 3 member office, Utility room, Records room, reception 50 sq. m b. Courtyards Open space landscapingwith 50 sq. m c. Praying Room Vacant room, benches 25 sq. m 5. Facilities a. Dispensary Waiting store,2nos.examinationConsultationroom,room,roomToilet,MedicalUtilitiesStore. 100 sq. m b. Medical Wing 10 bed capacity, Utility store, Nurse’s station, Record/Report room, Toilet facility. 100 sq. m c. Fitness Centre Basic equipmentfitness 40 sq. m d. Dining Hall/ Study Pavilion 100 people capacity, utensils store, Hand wash, drinking water 200 sq. m e. Kitchen 100 serving capacities, stores 250 sq. m f. Multipurpose Hall 200 people capacity, Stage + Backstage Areas 200 sq. m g. Computer Room 5 6 computers 40 sq. m

Orphanage with Home for Aged 15Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune h. Music Room Room+ Store 45 sq. m i. Toilet Services Shared Workspacewith 30 sq. m 6. Parking Garage 8 10 four wheeler parking, 10 15 two wheeler parking space, store, washing area Space for four wheeler= 14 sq. Spacem for wheeler=2twosq. m Total= 170 sq. m 2.6 RULES AND REGULATIONS SPECIFICATIONS ACCORDING TO DEVELOPMENT CONTROL RULES OF RAJASTHAN: Table 3: SITE SPECIFICATION AREALAND COVERAGEGROUND MIN. BACKSET Structure Height (12m road in front) Built up Area Ratio 8000 SQ.M 50% 9 m from all sides 18m 2.0 ECO FRIENDLY STRUCTURE: a. According to Environment Act Rajasthan, for constructing such eco friendly structure, minimum area plot required is 1000 sq. m b. Particularly Eco Friendly Building materials should be used in construction, and use of R.C.C. structure is strictly prohibited in such case. c. Proper certification is required from the authority for further construction works. d. Rajasthan Township policy norms are applied. e. Maximum trees should be planted within the premises to fulfill the requirement of creating a eco friendly housing. FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION: a. Plot area of more than 1000 sq. m are required to provide a Rain Water Harvesting system within the premises to fulfil the occupants needs. b. Plot area of 5000 sq. m or more are required to treat the waste water generated and recycle it. Waste water from toilet is not included. c. For treating the waste water from bathrooms and toilets, following are required: ● Settling tank double the capacity of waste water generated. ● Disinfection ● Filters

Orphanage with Home for Aged 16Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune MINIMUM DESIGN STANDARDS AND SIZES OF SPACES: Table 4: DESIGN STANDARDS S. No. TYPE OF SPACE MIN. AREA (IN SQ.M) MIN. HEIGHT (IN M) 1. Bedroom 9.5 2.75 2. Kitchen 4.5 2.75 3. Bathroom 2.8 2.2 4. Toilet 1.8 2.2 5. Pantry 3.0 2.75 6. Store 3.0 2.2 MISCELLENEOUS: ● Minimum width of staircase and corridors= 1.5 meter. ● For corner plot min. height of compound wall= 0.75 m and rest railing can be used. ● Minimum height of permissible protection(chajja) from ground= 2.1m BASEMENT AND PARKING: ● For plot area more than 2500 sq. m, more than one basement can be provided. ● Minimum clear height for each basement 2.75 m. ● Maximum clear height for each basement 4.2 m. ● Maximum clear height for each basement in terms of mechanical parking 6.2 m. ● Maximum stilt floor height for plot area 5000 sq. m= 6.5 m ● Garage space is also included in B.A.R. RAMPS: ● Ramp ratio for parking (height less than 1.0 m) = 1:8 ● Width For 2 wheeler ramp (one way) = 2 m ● Width For 2 wheeler ramp (two way) = 2.7 m ● Minimum width (one way) = 3.6 m ● Minimum width (two way) = 6 m ● Ramp ratio for wheelchair= 1:12 DESIGN STANDARDS FOR SPECIAL ABLED PEOPLE: RAMP: ● Minimum Width 1.8 m ● Ratio 1:12 ● Maximum Length 9 m ● Railing height 800 mm STAIRCASE: ● Tread 300 mm ● Riser 150 mm

Orphanage with Home for Aged 17Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune ● Railing height- 800 mm ● Flight Ratio 1:12 ENTRANCE DOOR: ● Minimum width 900 mm ● Door frame at bottom not more than 12 mm in thickness. CORRIDOR: ● Minimum width 1.5 m LIFT: ● Minimum Door width 900 mm ● Minimum Inner Dimension 1.1 m x 2 m TOILET: ● Minimum dimension 1.5 m x 1.75 m ● Minimum door width 900 mm ● Maximum WC seat height- 500 mm

Orphanage with Home for Aged 18Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune UNIVERSAL DESIGN NORMS FOR BARRIER FREE ARCHITECTURE: Figure 10: WHEELCHAIR SPECIFICATION a. Ramps and Staircase: Figure 11: RAMP RATIO (1:15)

Handrails for steps and ramps: Should be round for better grip with diameter between 35mm 45mm Top hand rail should be between 860mm 920mm above step or ramp surface. A second hand rail can be placed at between 700mm 750mm above step or ramp surface. The ends of the handrails should extend for at least 300mm beyond the bottom and top of the ramp or stairs. should be painted in the contrasting color to the surroundings for the people with visual impairment.

Figure 12: Staircase Standards b. Barrier Free Toilets

Veranda:Thewidth of the veranda should be 2500 mm wide to allow enough space for a hand propelled tricycle. should be level, smooth and made of material that will not wear away or deteriorate, that is stable, firm and not slippery. should have railings or a wall along the edges for safety. Doorway entrances from the veranda should be level with the veranda there should be no step from the veranda into any rooms.

Orphanage with Home for Aged 19Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune

Figure 12: WESTERN TOILET Figure 13: WESTERN TOILETFigure 14: WESTERN TOILET Figure 13:WESTERN TOILET

Orphanage with Home for Aged 20Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune Figure 15: WHEELCHAIR MOVEMENT c. Doors and Windows Figure 16: DOOR STANDARDS Doorways should have a minimum clear width of 900 mm to allow unrestricted access for wheelchair users and those using an assistant.Leverdoor handles are recommended as these are easier to use for a person with reduced strength and hand use. Handles should be installed at 800 to1000 mm above the floor level. The use of color to distinguish doors from surrounding walls is very useful for people with visual impairments.

IS

IS:

IS:2720 (Part.14) 1983 Determination of Density Index (R.D) of cohesion less soil. Classification and identification of soils for General Engineering purposes. & FINISHES 2750 Specification for steel scaffoldings. 2115 Code of practice for flat roof finish: mudphuska STANDARD CODES FOR SERVICES USED: Table 6: IS Codes 3348 Specification for fiber insulation boards. 4082 Specifications for storage of materials.

SCAFFOLDING

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IS

IS:

Orphanage with Home for Aged 21Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune 2.7 IS AND NBC CODES INDIAN STANDARD CODES FOR BUILDING MATERIALS USED: Table 5: IS Codes CODE DESCRIPTION CEMENT SAND & AGGREGATES IS: 1489 Specifications for PPC (Portland pozzolana cement). IS 269 2015 Specification for 33,43,53 Grade ordinary Portland cement IS 383 2016 Specification for coarse and fine aggregate IS 2645 Specification for integral cement water proofing compounds IS: 2116 Permissible clay, silt and fine dust contents in sand. ISBRICK3495 (Parts I TO iv) 1976 Method of test for burnt clay building bricks. IS 1077 1992 Common burnt clay building bricks.

INDIAN

IS:2720SOIL (Part. I) 1983 Preparation of dry sample (soil) IS:2720 (Part. III) 1980 Sect/1 Determination of water content (moisture content) 2720 (Part. III) 1980 Sect/2 Determination of specific gravity of fine, medium & coarse grained soil.

IS:1498 1970

2.8 INCLUSIVE DESIGN ASPECTS

• The waste generated from the toilets and kitchen can be treated in bio gas plant and the outcome gas is used in the kitchen as fuel or used as fuel in bio gas heater/ cooler.

Orphanage with Home for Aged 22Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune IS: 1641 1988 Code of Practice for Fire Safety of building

1. SELF SUSTAINED CAMPUS

• Maximum spaces are designed considering effective slope so that rain water is collected, and treated/ stored in the rain water harvesting tank and can be used again by the occupants.

The campus is designed and equipped in a way that is generating energy resources such as; solar power plants, Rain water harvesting Plant and Bio gas plant.

Figure 17: SELF SUSTAINED ARCHITECTURE

• Solar power plants will help generating the extra requirement of electric power within the campus.

The thesis work includes the following design considerations which makes it accessible to not only specially abled people but acceptable by all.

2. ECO FRIENDLY BUILDING MATERIALS

• We have traditionally built structures using burnt bricks that are assembled with a mixture of cement and sand. Burnt bricks are eco friendly building materials and are better choice over R.C.C. construction. They are also an affordable building material compared to steel and cement. Further, mud mortar can be

• Using reclaimed wood is one of the most environmentally friendly solution in furniture making, doors and windows frames, flooring.

Figure 20: PLANT BASED RIGID FOAM STRUCTURE

• Ferrock is a new material made out of steel dust or ferrous rock leftovers from industries.Ithassamestrengthanddurabilityasconcrete.Itismixedandpoured to form staircase, driveways and pathways.

• Plant based Rigid Foam are insulating material used as heat resistant, protects against mould and pests, and can be perfect as sound insulation.

Figure 19: RECLAIMED WOOD FLOORING AND WINDOW

Orphanage with Home for Aged 23Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune used in place of chemically treated paints. It is used mostly in dry places such as bedrooms or recreational spaces and not in kitchen or toilets

Figure 18: BRICK FACADE

Orphanage with Home for Aged 24Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune Figure 21: FERROCK TILES 3. BIOPHILIC DESIGN INTERVENTIONS Biophilic design is represented in the thesis as an architectural framework that weaves the patterns and forms of nature into the build environment to strengthen the human nature Biophilicconnection.designis executed in places such as co working spaces and recreational areas which wouldserve as commoninteractivespaces forboth children andold ageorphans. The concept of providing healing garden is also an attempt of intervening biophilic design aspects in this project. There are a number of benefits for using biophilic design in this project that are list below: • Scattered, clustered, varied vegetation • Overlooking landscape • Blurring the boundaries between indoors and outdoors • Dynamic and diffuse light • Natural scents • Proximity to water • Use of natural and local materials • Shelter and privacy

Orphanage with Home for Aged 25Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune Figure 22:INSIDE OUT COURTYARD DESIGN SKETCH Figure 23:BIOPHILIC DESIGN IN INTERIORS

Orphanage with Home for Aged 26Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune 4. BARRIER FREE ARCHITECTURE The thesis design project “orphanage with home for aged” is an example of barrier free architecture that can be accessible by not only specially abled people but everyone. Ramps for wheelchairs are provided with all the staircases as well as in parking areas. Main entrances and entry to any room are designed considering the standards for wheelchair accessibility, that is, they are minimum of 2m wide. Ramps are wide enough to accommodate wheelchair rotation and even walking users minimum 2 m in width. Figure 24: UNIVERSALLY ACCESSIBLE HEALING GARDEN DESIGN CONCEPT Figure 25: RAMP WITH WHEELCHAIR STANDARDS

The chapter on case studies comprises of details of the Design concept and site planning, reasons for selection of the project, building planning, details of structural construction system and service technologies. All of this followed by a conclusion matrix. Case studies have been selected on the basis of area program similarity in terms of context. Also depending upon the nature of project and the climatic conditions the case studies have been shortlisted.

The project is approx. 35 km away from the New Delhi Railway station, kamla market through NH 48

27Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune CHAPTER 3: CASE STUDIES AND ANALYSIS

Orphanage with Home for Aged

3.2 LIVE CASE STUDY 1: - Ayudham Society, Delhi APURPOSEpositiveaspect to study this project is that it is closely connected to an orphanage, thus there is an old age home in the same premises of that of an orphanage. AyudhamLOCATIONSociety

3.1 INTRODUCTION, SELECTION CRITERIA

Figure 26: LOCATION, AYUDHAM SOCIETY, DELHI; SOURCE GOOGLE MAPS SITE & ZONING

The whole project took 4 phases until now to look as it does today.

is located in Village Rewla Khanpur, Jhatikra Marg, Najafgard, Delhi 87

Orphanage with Home for Aged 28Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune AREA STATEMENT Plot Area 1 acre Ground coverage 60% Open area 30% Semi open area 10% Figure 27: GAZZEBO, AYUDHAM SOCIETY, DELHI Architects Vinay k. Chadha & Pravesh Ghai The senior citizen home provided by Ayudham society is located in pollution free, eco friendly green environment. It is boon to senior citizens wherein they have access to health care services, balanced and simple food, personal attendant (if required), security, housekeeping, entertainment and spiritual programs etc. to make their life livable and pleasant. It is a non government, non profitable & non religious organization. ItAIMaims to provide best possible in terms of physical, emotional as well as spiritual care.

Orphanage with Home for Aged 29Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune Figure 28: GAREDN SPACE, AYUDHAM SOCIETY ThereACCOMODATIONarethreecategories of apartments based on resident’s financial position:a) Financially well off b) Person with limited resources c) Economically weaker section Figure 29: ROOM FOR FINANCIALLY WELL OFF CATEGORY

Health care facilities: Doctor is available in the campus for two hours in the morning. Each resident is visited by doctor daily. The OPD is also available for patients from nearby villages. Besides doctor, following facilities are also available Medical facilities at Ayudham Society

• Medical attendant can be arranged on chargeable basis, if required.

• Well trained nurse 24*7 to attend to residents.

• Vans round the clock to take the residents to nearby hospital in case of emergency.

Financially well off category: They are provided with room of 350 sq ft approx. with attached bathroom and kitchenette with front & back verandah Person with limited resources: Separate room of 250 sq ft. with attached bathroom.

Figure 30: ROOM FOR ECONOMICALLY WEAKER SECTION

OTHER FACILITIES

Economically weaker section: Accommodation in dormitory having two residents with common bathroom/washroom. All the rooms are well furnished with appropriate fixtures. AC, coolers, invertors, TV, refrigerator, if desired, have to be installed by the residents themselves. Stand by generator is available for all residents.

Orphanage with Home for Aged 30Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune

• Medical examination camps are held for the residents as well as for nearby villagers with the help of NGOs and medical association.

• Required medical care facility on cash basis.

Guest room: Two fully furnished guest rooms are available for accommodating guests of Lift:residents.Liftis provided for residents. Housekeeping facilities: Rooms/bathroom is cleaned daily by housekeeping staff.

Physiotherapy: Physiotherapy facility exists for residents and nearby villagers. Trained physiotherapist is available during morning hours.

31Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune Meditation hall: There is a meditation hall where religious discourses/meditation/meetings are organized periodically. Security: Entire society premises is covered with CCTV cameras Round the clock security guards are provided in the premises. There has never been a case of security breach in the last 24 years or so.

Figure 32: SHANTI NIVAS VRUDH ASHRAM FACADE FACILITIES

Orphanage with Home for Aged

Figure 31: Dining hall at Ayudham, Delhi 3.3 LIVE CASE STUDY 2: Shanti Nivas Vrudh Aashram JaipurLOCATIONRd,Defense Colony, Bikaner, Rajasthan ShantiBRIEFNivas Vrudh Aashram is a great atmosphere and well maintained old age home in Bikaner, and it has been supporting many people to get their basic needs. The home offers caring and professional nursing services to elders. Shanti Nivas Vrudh Aashram takes exceptional pride in being one of the well known and reputed organizations in the area. They have excellent and kind hearted caretakers. Shanti Nivas Vrudh Aashram has started the home to achieve necessary change in all older people's lives by allowing them tonsils full lives as actively engaged citizens.

Orphanage with Home for Aged 32Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune Beautiful Garden, Library, Comprehensive Medical Care, Nutritious Meal, Games, Prayer Hall & Events Figure 33: BATHROOM AT SHANTI NIVAS Figure 34: COMMON ROOM AT SHANTI NIVAS Figure 35: KITCHEN AT SHANTI NIVAS

Orphanage with Home for Aged 33Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune Figure 36: DORMITORY AT SHANTI NIVAS 3.4 NET CASE STUDY 1: Econef Children’s Centre, Tanzania ThePURPOSEpurpose for this case study to be analyzed is its focus towards the use of local materials and techniques, to minimize the construction and transportation cost. Thus, making it a self sustaining TheLOCATIONstructure.projectislocated in the Arusha Region of Tanzania. This region is located below Mount Meru in the Great Rift Valley, nearby the Serengeti national park. Figure 37: LOCAL SITE PLAN AREA BRIEF

Orphanage with Home for Aged 34Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune Figure 38: FLOOR PLAN (SCALE 1:100) • BEDROOM 10 sq.m • STUDY 18sq.m • KITCHEN 20 sq.m • COUTYARD 72 sq.m • MEETING ROOM 10 sq.m • OFFICE 10 sq.m • NURSE OFFICE- 10 sq.m • EATING AREA 20 sq.m • PUBLIC YARD 18 sq.m • STORAGE 8 sq.m DESIGN PROGRAM

Orphanage with Home for Aged 35Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune Figure 39: DORMITORY AT CHILDREN’S CENTRE, TANZANIA Figure 40: SINK DESIGN AT TANZANIA’S CENTRE

Orphanage with Home for Aged 36Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune Figure 41: COMMON SPACES Figure 42: CENTRAL COURTYARD Walls have been built with traditional local burnt bricks, while the roof is made of corrugated steel supported on a wooden frame. A gap for airflow between the roof and the room's ceilings is covered with sisal poles to prevent birds entering and nesting.

Orphanage with Home for Aged 37Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune Figure 43: DISTANT VIEW OF TANZANIA’S CENTRE TheSERVICESchildren's center has solar panels to create electricity, rainwater harvesting systems to collect water and a biogas plant to produce cooking gas for use in the kitchen. Surrounding the buildings are plantations that will be used to grow food for the children, as well as areas for livestock. Figure 44: SOLAR WATER HEATER

Orphanage with Home for Aged 38Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune Figure 45: SOLAR PANELS Figure 46: SECTION AA’ Figure 47: SECTION BB’ CLIMATIC DETERMINANTS

DETERMINANT ACTIVITY

OrphansGROUPofTanzania under the age of 18.

39Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune Taking design cues from Baobab tree, the project conceives of a strong base to store water utilizing a butterfly roof system. Since the Arusha area of Tanzania experiences heavy rainfall followed by a dry season, long term water collection became a pivotal strategy for a performative building envelope. However, after initial prototyping left the ferro concrete tank prone to leak, the community decided to bury the larger water catchment underground.

The region has distinct wet and dry seasons from the eastern prevailing winds of the Indian ocean. The climate is designated as a subtropical highland climate. This environment benefits from the proximity from the mountain giving the area two rainy seasons, in which crops are planed twice a year: a key part of the Children’s Centre’s auxiliary programs of crop growth to be a self sustaining project. Primary agriculture includes bananas, coffee, cabbage, potatoes, carrots, leafy greens in the mountains.

USER

Orphanage with Home for Aged

Figure 48: COURTYARD VIEW

SITE AND ECOLOGY

Wind and dust create significant problems during the dry season and prevail from the north east requiring a site orientation to shelter courtyards from direct exposure.

The Children center’s localities are being carefully divided according to function. Closest to the road is the school, which is be accessible to children from other areas. The school and the children’s center share space for recreation, bathrooms, and a library. The public and private areas are separated so that the children have places that they feel are their own and away from the school.

Orphanage with Home for Aged 40Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune FoundationMATERIALSConcrete (300 mm) Floor finish Concrete (30mm) Walls Traditional Burnt Bricks (200x100x100 cu.mm) Trusses Timber (6600x1000) sq.mm Roof cover Corrugated Iron sheets (990x 6000) sq.mm Façade Sisal poles (3000mm) Doors windows Local Hardwood (1000x1200 sq.mm) Water tank Ferrocement (2000mm diameter) 3.5 NET CASE STUDY 2: -Group Home in Noboribetsu CompanionshipPURPOSE in group home, elderly could find companionship in the group home and the younger elderly could take care of the older ones. Figure 49: GROUP HOME IN JAPAN NoboribetsuLOCATIONCity, Hokkaido, JAPAN. PROJECT Architects:BRIEFSouFujimoto Architects Principal Use: Group home for elderly Year: Structure2006material: Wood

Orphanage with Home for Aged 41Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune Site Area: 1,637 sqm Constructed Area: 745 sqm Ground Coverage: 45% Generally,CLIMATEit is cold and temperate in Noboribetsu. The rainfall in Noboribetsu is significant, with precipitation even during the driest month. In Noboribetsu, the average annual temperature is 6.1 °C. In a year, the rainfall is 1264 mm/ 49.8 PROJEinch.CT STATEMENT The building is divided into two units across the entrance. Each unit has 9 bedrooms, so 18 elder residents in total live with the staff. Figure 50: CONCEPT CIRCULATION

There is a big frame of 3x3 parallel crosses. The frame of space made from the grid swinging intonation of a place produced connected and

gently perpendicularly. The

is

by being

is

Orphanage with Home for Aged 42Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune Figure 51: SITE PLAN

separated.

Orphanage with Home for Aged 43Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune AREA BRIEF A certain part serves as a place of a spread of living and dining room, and in somewhere else, the place of the end which was surrounded by the wall and settles down is produced. Figure 52: SECTION Figure 53: DINING INTERIOR Figure 54: EXTERIOR FACADE

NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES 200

3.6

YEAR

A certain part serves as a place of a spread of living and a dining room, and in somewhere else, the place of the end which was surrounded by the wall and settled down is produced. A place to stay seems to spring out with nature in a fluctuation of a big flame. NET CASE STUDY 3: -Antara Senior living, Dehradun LOCATION The address of Antara Senior Living is No. 2, Purukul Road, Guniyal Gaon, Salan Gaon, Bhagwant Pur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand. Old Age Home TYPE Public Limited Company GROUP Retirement community, Independent senior living OF CONSTRUCTION 2011

CATEGORY

PROJECT BRIEF Antara senior living is an Indian enterprise owned by Max India that runs independent retirement communities in India. Established in 2011, this project has drawn attention from the Indian media for being among the first organized projects to venture into retirement or assisted living, a space that has often been stigmatized by the conservative sections of the Indian society. Carefully crafted by internationally renowned architects Perkins Eastman from New York and Esteva I Esteva of Spain, and built by India's most experienced construction company, Shapoorji Pallonji, Antara Dehradun is a holistic ecosystem that offers its residents the utmost quality of living

USER

Orphanage with Home for Aged 44Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune Figure 55: INTERIOR OF GROUPFigureHOME56: DESIGN MODEL FOR GROUP HOME IN NOBORIBETSU

• Protection of existing trees in development of master plan and residence designs.

• Each residence has a mixture of apartment sizes so as to promote social bonding.

• The landscape design emphasizes the importance of living a lifestyle interacted with nature. The aspects of salty, security and ease of use are integrated into the landscape treatments.

• Residences carefully oriented to take into consideration sun angles, views of the River Tons, Mussoorie hills, the lush Mali forest and landscaped areas within the community.

Orphanage with Home for Aged 45Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune

• Vehicle and pedestrian traffic have been segregated to allow residents safe movement inside the community.

Figure 57: PROJECT IMAGE; SOURCE GOOGLE DESIGN CONCEPT Antara Dehradun has been designed to align itself with the physical, spiritual and emotional needs of its residents.

• Master plan has been designed keeping in mind universal design principles so as to allow residents barrier free access within the community.

• The landscape design has various inbuilt sustainability considerations taken into account, such as rain water harvesting, minimal grading changes and native planting zones. The site has been graded to form a number of terraces to minimize the cut and fill of earth.

• The landscape includes spaces such as a yoga pavilion, creative activity zones, terrace gardens, focal plazas, organic / herbal gardens, orchard walks, etc.

Orphanage with Home for Aged 46Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune • Several apartments provided with large balconies and terraces to allow the benefit of being outdoors. Ground floor apartments provided with sun decks and private garden areas. • Allweatheraccesscreatedthroughlinkedbasementsallowingresidentseasy movement within community. • There is a dedicated health and fitness trail carved out in the landscape. The activity zones include badminton cum tennis court, outdoor gyms and putting greens. • Rest areas have been created within the master plan at appropriate points. Figure 58: PROJECT SITE PLAN; SOURCE GOOGLE

Orphanage with Home for Aged 47Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune Figure 59: PROJECT LAYOUT PLAN; SOURCE GOOGLE AREA PROGRAM (sq.m.) Table 7: AREA PROGRAM FOR ANTARA SENIOR LIVING DEHRADUN Apartment Type A B C D E F Super Built up Area 494 566 375 440 311 336 237 351 186x312 130 250 Living room 7x8 7.8x7.2 7.8x5.3 4.7x4.2 3.7x5.6 7.8x4.7 Dining 4.7x5.8 4.7x3.5 4.7x3.5 3.2x4.1 Kitchen 4.2x3.6 4.2x4.5 4.2x3.3 4x3 2.8x2.6 3.2x2.5 BedroomMaster 3.6x4.7 5.5x4 5.5x3.6 5x3.6 4x4.3 3.3x4.1 BedroomMaster 2.7x3.2 3.3x2.7 2.6x2.9 3.3x2.7 2.8x2.6 2.6x2.6 Bedroom 3.6x4.4 5.8x3.6 5.6x3.6 4.6x3.5 3.6x4 Bathroom 2.2x2.9 3.3x2.2 2.9x2.2 2.7x2.1 2.6x2.5 Bedroom 4.5x4.2 Bathroom 3x2.5 LoungeFamily 5.5x4.7 3.8x4.5 4.7x3.9 Study Room 3x2.7

Orphanage with Home for Aged 48Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune RoomPowder 1.8x1.4 1.1x2.2 1.3x2 2x1.4 1.9x1.5 RoomMultipurpose 2.8x2.2 2.7x2.1 2.6x2.9 2.1x2.7 Utility Area 4.2x1.8 4.2x2.6 2.4x1.7 2.5x1.8 2.3x1.4 1.5x2.4 Balcony 3.6x1.5 1.5x3.9 4x2.8 1.4x3.6 4x1.8 5.6x1.5 Balcony 2.2x4 4x3.2 2.8x1.5 4x2.3 Terrace 16x2.2 Figure 60: APARTMENT TYPE A

Orphanage with Home for Aged 49Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune Figure 61: APARTMENT TYPE B Figure 62: APARTMENT TYPE C

Orphanage with Home for Aged 50Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune Figure 63: APARTMENT TYPE D Figure 64: APARTMENT TYPE E

Orphanage with Home for Aged 51Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune Figure 65: APARTMENT TYPE F MATERIALS AND SERVICES SPECIFICATION Table 8: MATERIALS AND SERVICES SPECIFICATION FOR ANTARA SENIOR LIVING DEHRADUN LivingDining& Bedrooms Toilet Kitchen purposeMultiRoom CommonToilet Balconies Floor flooringMarble flooringwoodenedEngineer Anti tilesvitrifiedskid Tiles tiles tiles Anti skid tiles Wall plastergypsumpaintemulsionAcrylicover plastergypsumoverpaintemulsionAcrylic Tiles standardslivingsenioranddcoordinateincolorsasper paintemulsionacrylictiles,decorativetabletop,Granite plastergypsumpaintemulsionAcrylicover plastergypsumpaintemulsAcrylicionover ceilingwallspaintproofWeatheroverand Ceiling plasterGypsum withplasterGypsum paintemulsionAcrylicover paintemulsionAcrylicover CeilingboardGypsum CeilingboardGypsum paintproofWeatherover

Orphanage with Home for Aged 52Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune with lightingcove lightingcove plastergypsum plastergypsum walls ceilingand Fixtures & Fitting Fans and switchesmodularwithfittingslight Fans and switchesmodularwithfittingslight cubicle.showerenclosetop,withcountervanityhung,withcisternsconcealedoperatingSilentwallstone system.ROpurifiedionalmultifunctfriendlySeniorsink, Fans and switchesmodularwithfittingslight fittingsandfixturesPremium N/A WindowsDoorsExternal& Ergonomically designed laminated UPVC doors and windows. Fly mesh shutters on openable windows designed for easy usage. easywindowsshutterswindows.UPVCdesignedErgonomicallylaminateddoorsandFlymeshonopenabledesignedforusage. N/A N/A Electrical Modular switches at reachable heights, two way switches, emergency light points and call buttons. HVAC VRF system installed in each apartment with different temp. settings. 3.7 CASE STUDY COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS Case studies selection criteria Table 9: CASE STUDIES SELECTION CRITERIA DESCRIPTION CASE STUDIES AyudhamSociety,Delhi Ashram,VrudhShantiNiwasBikaner Econef Children’s TanzaniaCentre, NoboribetsuHomeGroupin AntaraDehradunLiving,Senior approachSimilarcontextSimilarForeignIndianOldOrphanageagehomecontextcontextClimaticSustainable

Orphanage with Home for Aged 53Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune Live case studies Comparative Analysis Table 10: LIVE CASE STUDIES COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS no.Sr. FACTORS LIVE CASE STUDY Ayudham Society, Delhi Shanti Niwas Vrudh Ashram, Bikaner 1. Location and Access Village Rewla Khanpur, Jhatikra Marg, Najafgard, Delhi 87. 35 km away from the New Delhi Railway station, kamla market through NH 48 Jaipur Rd, Defense Colony, Bikaner, ItRajasthan.isapprox. 4 km to the east of Bikaner Railway station. 2 Year Constructionof 1993 1997 3 Site Area 4046 sq.m 3285 sq.m 4 Climate Subtropical, extreme winters as well as summer Subtropical, extreme winters as well as summer 5 Circulation & Planning 3categoriesofapartmentsprovided financially well off, middle class, economically weaker section with attached toilets. Separate dormitory block, dining area and admin block including medical floor. 6 ConstructionMaterialsArchitectural& RCC construction, huge green gardens with Gazebo RCC construction, Creative outdoor sitting and recreational spaces. 7 Services Health care, Physiotherapy, Guest room, Lift, Meditation Hall, Security, Dining, Housekeeping. Dormitory, Dining hall, Prayer room, Healing Garden, kitchen garden, Outdoor sitting around tree, medical floor, kitchen. 8 Parking According to the capacity, four wheeler and two wheeler parking provided. According to the capacity, four wheeler and two wheeler parking provided.

Orphanage with Home for Aged 54Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune Internet case studies Comparative Analysis Table 11: INTERNET CASE STUDIES COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS no.Sr. FACTORS INTERNET CASE STUDY Econef Children’s Centre, Tanzania Group Home Noboribetsuin Antara Senior DehradunLiving, 1. Location and Access Arusha Region of ThisTanzania.region is located below Mount Meru in the Great Rift Valley, nearby the Serengeti national park. Noboribetsu City, Hokkaido, JAPAN. Dehradun City, Uttarakhand state, India No. 2, Purukul Road, Guniyal Gaon, Salan Gaon, Bhagwant Pur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand. 2 Year Constructionof 2013 2006 2011 3 Site Area 650 sq.m 1,637 sq m 56,656 sq.m 4 Climate Mainly tropical climate but has regional variations due to topography Cold and temperate, rainfall is significant. Generally temperate, although it varies from tropical. Cool winters, warm summers and crisp mild monsoons. 5 &CirculationPlanning Bedrooms, classrooms and a kitchen, arranged around two livestock.wellfoodthatbuildingsSurroundingcourtyards.theareplantationswillbeusedtogrowforthechildren,asasareasfor The building is divided into two units across the entrance. Each unit has 9 bedrooms, Residences oriented accordingly to take into consideration sun angles, views of the River Tons, Mussoorie hills, the lush Mali forest. 6 ConstructionMaterialsArchitectural& Walls built with traditional local burnt Rbricks.oof is made of corrugated steel supported on a wooden Aframe.gap for airflow between the roof and the Grid iron concept. Wooden structure. Master plan has been designed keeping in mind universal design principles so as to allow residents barrier free access within the community.

• Providing proper circulation thus planning a lush green campus with all the blocks connected with each other.

Project fifth is titled as Antara Senior Living in Dehradun. Full luxury and comfort design by providing maximum dimensioned spaces with modern facilities. This act as more of a retirement home wherein elder community tend to choose this life after retirement on their own and not being forced.

AND INFERENCES

• Design according to the site context which includes site surroundings, micro climate, soil type and vegetation, vernacular materials and construction techniques.

The above mentioned case studies are studied in detail with respect to some specific criteria for each project.

Following design considerations are referred from the case studies:

55Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune room's ceilings is covered with sisal polesto prevent birds entering and nesting.

Project two is titled as Shanti Nivas Vrudh Ashram is located in Bikaner. The circulation and planning of the campus are remarkable. All the blocks including residential, dining hall and admin block are connected through a green semi open corridor. Green pockets are provided for residents (old age people) to spend leisure time around nature.

• Designing a self sustained campus by providing facilities such as solar panels, inhouse Effluent Treatment Plant, passive design strategies through brick wall perforations, green pockets at terraces, green corridor, small water bodies throughout the site.

3.8 CONCLUSIONS

Project three is titled as Econef children’s center in Tanzania. The whole design and planning are a sustainable approach, whether using locally available materials, Labour or vernacular techniques. Building orientation and openings are planned according to sun and wind path in site context. The residential planning is referred from the project which includes dormitories and some common spaces.

Orphanage with Home for Aged

Project one is titled as Ayudham society that is situated in New Delhi. It is an old age home and orphanage designed in the same campus. The rare project of such type includes recreational facilities which act as care day units for the occupants. The campus has lush green spaces with facilities like gazebo and open prayer patio.

Project four is titled as group home in Noboribetsu, Japan a small scale project but remarkable modern design using vernacular materials and present day techniques.

7 Services The children's center has solar panels to create electricity, rainwater harvesting systems to collect water and a biogas plant to produce cooking gas for use in the kitchen. Living and Dining area. Double occupancy bedrooms. Yoga pavilion, creative activity zones, terrace gardens, focal plazas, organic / herbal gardens, orchard walks, badminton cum tennis court, outdoor gyms

Orphanage with Home for Aged 56Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune

Orphanage with Home for Aged

Since there are only two well functioning old age homes and a single well functioning orphanage in this city. Thus, there is a high demand of such an institute which can comprise both old age home as well as orphanage.

The site selected is located on the Bikaner Jaipur Highway known as National Highway 11. It is marked with yellow boundary in the figure below.

Figure 66: Site location Figure 67: Site as 2D map

57Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune CHAPTER 4: SITE SELECTION AND ANALYSIS

4.1 Site Selection Criterion

The city of Bikaner lies within the Western Desert Region of the state of Rajasthan The site is situated on the National Highway 11, Jaipur Bikaner Road.

4.2 Site Analysis LOCATION AND GEOGRAPHY

The district is bounded by Ganganagar district to the north, Hanumangarh district to the northeast, Churu district to the east, Nagaur district to the southeast, Jodhpur district to the south, Jaisalmer district to the southwest, and Punjab Province of Pakistan to the northwest.

Already existing old age home in Bikaner are Apna Ghar Ashram and Shanti Nivas Vridhashram, and already existing orphanage in Bikaner is Divya Jyoti Jagrati Sansthan.

Micro Climate The climate is characterized by significant variations in temperature.

• In the winter, it is fairly cold with temperatures lying in the range of 4 to 23.2 °C

SLOPE ANALYSIS

CLIMATE Macro Climate

Any normal summer day in Bikaner is very hot but the evening is quite cold. The period from October to February is the pleasant most season in Bikaner.

58Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune

• In the summer season it is very hot when the temperatures lie in the range of 28 to 53.5 °C

• Annual rainfall is in the range of 260 440 mm (10 17 inch)

Figure 68: Climatic Analysis chart of site

Orphanage with Home for Aged

Lying in the Western Desert region of the state of Rajasthan, the climate of Bikaner is not different from the other cities of the same region. Bikaner's climate is typical to the Thar Desert area with extreme temperatures. During the summer, the temperature in Bikaner rises very often above 48° Centigrade. The extreme heat becomes unbearable but humidity is not so high. Winter in Bikaner witnesses a drastic change when temperature comes down to 4° to 5° Centigrade.

The Indira Gandhi Canal, also known as the Rajasthan Canal, runs through the district from northeast to southwest, providing irrigation water for the district.

The site is located to the south of NH 11 (Bikaner Agra Road), commonly known as Jaipur Road, west to Jaipur city. There is a 9m wide secondary road to the south of the site and 18m wide Primary Road to the east of the site.

It is a plain barren land with approx. zero variation in elevation of land from one end of site to other.

Orphanage with Home for Aged 59Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune Figure 69: Temperature recorded at site Figure 70: Percentage Humidity at site Figure 71: Pressure at site SITE

Orphanage with Home for Aged 60Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune Figure 72: Visibility at site Figure 73: Wind Pressure at site Figure 74: Air Quality at site SOIL CONDITION

Orphanage with Home for Aged 61Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune Characteristic features of soil type of the site are • light textured • Weak structured • Sand to sandy loam with the clay content • Aeoline in nature having high permeability at surface and very low in fertility with respect to almost all the nutrients. • Calcium Carbonate, sometimes occur in the form of kankar nodules which increases with depth. The nutrient and water retention capacity are very low. Considerable area has hard pen at varying depths. Some soils of the zone are gypsiferous. Figure 75: SOIL CLASSIFICATION OF RAJASTHAN Figure 76: SOIL TYPE (SITE IMAGE)

• There was total 4,00,554 children under age of 0 6 of total 2,09,952 male and 1,90,602 were female.

• Child Sex Ratio as per census 2011 was 908 compared to 916 of census 2001.

Houseless Census In 2011, total 578 families live on footpath or without any roof cover in Bikaner district of Rajasthan. Total Population of all who lived without roof at the time of Census 2011 numbers to 2,671. This approx. 0.11% of total population of Bikaner district.

ECONOMY

Orphanage with Home for Aged

DEMOGRAPHY Child Census

• The first industrial area was decided and the district of Bikaner was formed in the period ranging from 1967 70. The city was not livable at that time, due to which people started to venture out in nearby places.

62Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune

• Among the shrubs found in the region mention may be made of 1. Aak (Calotropis procera)

The vegetation of Bikaner district falls under the natural division of deciduous forest. The trees and bushes which grow there are insufficient even to fulfil the local requirements for construction of houses, making agricultural implements and for fuel purposes.

• In today’s industrial estate, you can find 250 completely developed plots that had industries working on them such as ➢ Woolen Industry ➢ Ceramic Industry ➢ Edible oil Industry ➢ Namkeen and Sweets Industry

VEGETATION

• The most common tree found in the district is Khejri (Prosopis cineraria).

• The city of Bikaner entered the industrial development movement in 1962. Even though it entered late, it traveled long distance.

• Other trees are: 1. Rohira (Tecomella undulata) 2. Ber (Ziziphus jujube) 3. Jal or pilu (Salvadora oleoides)

• This child population figure of Bikaner district is 13.57 % of total urban population.

• Some other trees found on embankments in the vicinity of tanks or in the gardens are 1. Shisham (Dalbergia sisso) 2. Pipal (Ficus religiosa) 3. Siris (Albizzia lebbek)

• In 2011, Children under 0-6 formed 16.94 percent of Bikaner District compared to 19.51 percent of 2001. There was net change of 2.57 percent in this compared to previous census of India.

4.

• Located on the north of the Thar Desert, the buildings in Bikaner are made of red sandstone.

5. Pala (Ziziphus rotundifolia) Ker (Capparis decidua)

• Architecture of Bikaner is indeed splendid and comprises Jain temples, majestic forts and beautiful gardens which are constructed in the Rajput style of architecture.

• Agriculture in this part of Rajasthan includes few Rabi and Kharif crops like wheat, mustard, Bajra and pulses.

EXISTING SOURCES FOR WATER AND OTHER MATERIALS

63Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune Jhar beri (Ziziphus nummularia) Phog (Cal/igonum polygonoides) Bui (Aerva pseudotomentosa)

6.

Urban population of Bikaner city is mainly dependent on govt. water supply and self boreholes as the city falls in desert area of the western Rajasthan India. Government uses bore wells and Indira Gandhi canal water for this purpose.

• While in some scattered pockets Hiloxlon is also available in sufficient quantity.

• The grass community which is prevalent in the district are Lasiurus syndic’s Panicum turgidum and Cenchrus barbatus, etc. and are available throughout the district.

ARCHITECTURAL STYLE

Figure 77: URBAN WATER SUPPLY SCHEME IN BIKANER

Orphanage with Home for Aged

3.

2.

• The saline depressions and saline interdunal areas are dominated by halophytic scrub vegetation with Sporobolus marginatusEleusine compress as grass community.

Earlier the pressure of water in the Bikaner city was very low and many colonies were not getting pure drinking water. After completion of the project Urban water supply scheme in Bikaner by GA infra Pvt. Ltd., the people of Bikaner City are getting pure water with good pressure. It has laid a 1400 mm diameter transmission main pipeline of 9.7 km to full fill the requirement of the people.

Orphanage with Home for Aged 64Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune

Figure 78: JUNAGARH FORT, BIKANER

Figure 79: BHANDASAR JAIN TEMPLE

The Junagadh Fort of Bikaner is a fine specimen of Rajput architecture. The surrounding wall of the fort is more than one kilometer. At the entrance is a large courtyard, which leads to many more entrances and courtyards. This design features serves the purpose of defense from enemies, as well as, protecting the privacy of the residents. All palaces have delicately carved stone lattice screens and extended windows, which are important features in the palace architectural style of West India. The oldest building of the Junagadh Fort is the Dal Niwas. The flower pattern on the walls and ceilings of this palace reflects the skill of the artisans of the olden days. The structural design of the yellow and red interior of the colorful jewel throne room in Atap Mahal, which faces the rear courtyard.

Figure 80: CARVED PILLARS AT BHANDASAR JAIN TEMPLE

Orphanage with Home for Aged 65Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune

There is an old group of colorfully painted Jain temples, clustered together like a temple town. Murals in Jain temples are very rare. The Parshwanatha Temple has a statue facing all four sides, but the building is not open on all sides.

The Jain temples of Bikaner replicate the unique structural design of this city in Rajasthan.

Figure 81: LAXMI NIWAS PALACE GARDEN

Figure 82: TOMB GARDEN, BIKANER PALACE

The Royal Tomb gardens of Bikaner are fenced and divided into two groups. The main group has twelve geometric shaped, white marble chhatris, each supported on twelve pillars, which remind one of the architectural patterns of the Mughal Tomb Gardens.

Orphanage with Home for Aged 66Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune Figure 83: RAMPURIYA HAVELI Rajput architectural style majorly predominates in the monuments and buildings of Bikaner. SITE SURROUNDINGS Figure 84: SITE MAP WITH SURROUNDINGS Public Places Gym, Temple, Church, Girls’ school, Boys’ school Commercial Cpwd office, SBI bank, SAB enterprises, Car garage Residential Private Bungalows/ houses, Custom office quarters. SITE

Orphanage with Home for Aged 67Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune LAND USE MAP Figure 85: LAND USE MAP 2023 OF BIKANER DISTRICT The site is marked as plot for public utility in the Land use map of 2023 by Town Planning department of Bikaner district. BUILT, UNBUILT AND OPEN SPACES Figure 86: SITE MAP BUILDING HEIGHT SITE Built up area Barren land Site

1. Nearest Airport is the Nal Civil airport, Nal, Bikaner; which is around 17 km from the site.

SITE PHOTOS Figure 88:

National

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2. Nearest Railway station is Bikaner junction which is 4.5 km away from the site. There are number of bus stops near the site where buses from almost all the nearby towns, villages and even Jaipur Bikaner intercity buses are available. Site image from South West Highway Primary Road to townSITE Secondary Road

11 Main

Orphanage with Home for Aged 68Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune All the nearby building to the proximity of the site whether residential, commercial or public places are in the range of 15 20 m in height. ROAD HEIRARCY Figure 87: MAP SHOWING MAJOR ROADS AND TRAFFIC CONDITION SITE ACCESSIBILITY

Orphanage with Home for Aged 69Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune Figure 89: Site image towards South-West Figure 90: Site image from East Figure 91: Site image from North

Orphanage with Home for Aged 70Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune Figure 92: Site entrance from North SUN & WIND PATH Figure 93: SUN PATH DURING JANUARY N

Orphanage with Home for Aged 71Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune Figure 94: WIND FLOW FROM NORTH WEST TO SOUTH EAST DIRECTION DURING JANUARY SITE VEGETATION Commonly found tress on site are 1. Kikar (Acacia) WINTER SUN SUMMER SUN N

Orphanage with Home for Aged 72Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune 2. Aak (Calotropis procera) 3. Neem (Azadirachta Indica) 4. Khejri (Prosopis Cineraria) Figure 95: Site vegetation plan Kikar Aak Khejri Neem KikarNeemAak Kikar

Orphanage with Home for Aged 73Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune Figure 96: Kikar tree Figure 97: Kikar tree

Orphanage with Home for Aged 74Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune Figure 98: Site vegetation SITE DIMENSION Figure 99: Site map with dimensions SITE JUSTIFICATION 1. Connectivity to all areas. 2. Defined green belt and footpath area. Aak Khejri Neem

Orphanage with Home for Aged 75Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune 3. Adjacent to high density residential areas. 4. Within reach of a wider community. 5. Since its connected to national highway has a great scope to become a landmark. 6. Easily accessible by car or bus or public transport. 7. Well connected roads with proper infrastructure.

Orphanage with Home for Aged 76Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune

5.1.3 Solar passive techniques to mitigate the undesirable impact in hot and dry climate

Orphanage with Home for Aged 77Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune CHAPTER 5: DESIGN PROGRAM 5.1 Design Approach / Brief

• Should be minimum 58 years of age (may be marginally less in exceptional cases) in case of elderly admissions and 5 12 years of age in case of children.

• All Indian citizens, NRI, irrespective of cast, creed, religion, language, province or culture.

• Should be mentally and physically fit. Should not be bed ridden or needing intensive care at the time of admission.

Passive Architecture involves blending conventional architectural principles with solar & wind energy and the inherent properties of building materials to ensure that the interiors remain warm in winter and cool in summer, thus creating a year round comfortable environment.

• Should be willing to undergo and pass prescribed medical fitness test as desired by the management.

Understanding built environment in hot and dry climate Climate is an important aspect of life particularly in areas with hot and dry climate such as Bikaner, where people face variety of problems related to climate especially in modern housing. Traditional built environment of Bikaner is considered appropriate for both the climate as well as for social conditions. The modern architecture of international style which has dominated the new developments generally considered inappropriate, particularly because it was introduced without consideration for the local climate or for the cultural need of the Traditionalpopulation. built environment in Bikaner have evolved in response to climate, reducing the effect of hostile desert climate conditions. The main concern is to modify extremes of air temperature, and to protect the inhabitants from solar radiation and glare as well as from sand and dust. In hot and dry climate, the most significant problems are those caused by solar radiation and UV rays. These can destroy surface finishes, above all coated surfaces of metal sections, metal sheeting and wood surfaces. The great temperature difference of 45oC in summer and cold winter nights with temperature below freezing point, impose considerable strain on the construction and material in the form of swelling and contraction. Sand bearing winds have a damaging effect on the surface finishes, such as sand blasting surfaces. Although the choice of the building material is essentially determined by local availability, their economy, durability and suitability for the particular climate.

Vernacular architecture of Hot and Dry Climate of Bikaner has many passive design features.

• Should be pleasant mannered, honest and a social mixer.

5.1.2

5.1.1 The following requirements are desirable:

Orphanage with Home for Aged 78Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune In passive building designs, the passive system is integrated into the building elements and materials. It should be understood that passive architectural design does not necessarily mean the elimination of standard mechanical systems. In recent designs however, passive systems coupled with high efficiency backup systems greatly reduce the size of the traditional heating or cooling systems and reduce the number of non renewable fuels needed to maintain comfortable indoor temperatures. 5.1.4 Considerable factors to mitigate impact of heat loads: 1. Orientation and shape of building Resist heat gain, Decrease exposed surface area 2. Insulation of building envelope Increase thermal resistance 3. Massive structure Increase thermal capacity (Time lag) 4. Air locks/ lobbies/balconies/verandahs Increase buffer spaces 5. Weatherstrippingand schedulingair changes Decrease air exchangerate (Ventilationduring 6.daytime)External surfaces protected by overhangs Fins and trees Increase shading 7. Pale color, glazed China mosaic tiles etc. Increase surface reflectivity 8. Provide windows/exhausts Ventilation of appliances, Promote heat loss 9. Courtyards/wind towers/arrangement of openings Increase air exchange rate 5.2 Space Program a. Childers’ block b. Elders’ block c. Recreational block (Club House) d. Medical block e. Administration block f. Staff and service block Table 12: CHILDRENS’ BLOCK AREA PROGRAM TYPE COMPONENT NO. USERSOF REQUIREDAREA(SQ.M.) NO. UNITSOF TOTALAREA(SQ.M.) TOTAL (COMPONENT)AREA BLOCKCHILDRENS’ Living room 1 30 964 Store 20 Laundry 15 Caretaker room 35 Library 90 Bedroom (Bunkers)6 12 56 9 504 Bathroom 30 9 270 Add 10% for circulation and corridors=96.4 1060 Building height up to 3 floors

Orphanage with Home for Aged 79Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune Table 13: ELDERS’ BLOCK AREA PROGRAM TYPE COMPONENT NO. USERSOF REQUIREDAREA(SQ.M.) UNITSNO.OF TOTALAREA(SQ.M.) TOTAL (COMPONENT)AREA BLOCKELDERS’ Living room 1 30 1652 Store 20 Laundry 15 Caretaker room 35 Library 90 Bedroom 6 56 17 952 Bathroom 30 17 510 Add 10% for circulation and corridors=165 1817 Building height- up to 4 floors Table 14: RECREATIONAL BLOCK AREA PROGRAM TYPE COMPONENT NO. USERSOF REQUIREDAREA(SQ.M.) UNITSNO.OF TOTALAREA(SQ.M.) TOTAL (COMPONENT)AREA RECREATIONAL BLOCK Activity hall 200 1.2 1 240 700 Indoor sports room 90 Computer room 40 Music room 40 Spa 50 Gymnasium 150 Toilets 30 3 90 Add 15% for circulation, corridors and courtyard=105 805 Building height ground floor Table 15: MEDICAL BLOCK AREA PROGRAM TYPE COMPONENT NO. USERSOF REQUIREDAREA(SQ.M.) UNITSNO.OF TOTALAREA(SQ.M.) TOTAL (COMPONENT)AREA BLOCKMEDICAL Reception & waiting 200 1 45 230 Doctors’ clinic 30 Lab 30 Emergency room 40 24*7 pharmacy 25 roomPhysiotherapy 60 Add 10% for circulation and corridors=23 253 Building height ground floor

Orphanage with Home for Aged 80Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune Table 16: ADMIN BLOCK AREA PROGRAM TYPE COMPONENT NO. USERSOF REQUIREDAREA(SQ.M.) UNITSNO.OF TOTALAREA(SQ.M.) TOTAL (COMPONENT)AREA ADMINISTRATION BLOCK Reception & waiting 5 1 15 210 Directors’ office 45 HOD kids’ office 30 HOD elders’ office 30 Meeting room 60 Pantry 15 Store 15 Add 10% for circulation and corridors=21 231 Building height up to third floor Table 17: STAFF AND SERVICE BLOCK AREA PROGRAM TYPE COMPONENT NO. USERSOF (SQ.M.)REQUIREDAREA UNITSOFNO. (SQ.M.)AREATOTAL TOTAL (COMPONENT)AREA &STAFF BLOCKSERVICE Foyer 30 1 40 1010 Dining 250 1.2 1 300 Kitchen 30 1 90 Washing 1 40 Staff quarters 20 12 10 240 Guest rooms 10 30 10 300 Add 10% for circulation and corridors=100 1110 Building height up to 2 floors Table 18: AREA PROGRAM FOR MISCELLANEOUS ACTIVITIES Type of Space Spatial Composition Area Calculated 1.Landscaping c. Healing Garden Variety of medicinal plants and herbs, flowering plants, sitting spaces, walking pathways and pergolas. 400 sq. m d. Crop, Fruits and Vegetables surroundingplantationthecampus. Plants and pathways. 2. ServicesSustainable d. Solar Panels Placement on terrace

Orphanage with Home for Aged 81Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune e. Rain water Harvesting System Refining Plant, storage 50 sq. m f. Bio Gas Plant Collection chamber, outlet spacestorage,chamber,fermenter 100 sq. m 3. SpacesPrivate g. Staff Accommodation 2 nos. stay units, shared living/ toilet/ bath/ laundry facilities. 1 stay unit+ toilet/ bath 3people capacity 150 sq. m h. Admin Accommodation Living Toilet,Bedroom,room,Kitchen,andworkspace. 35 sq. m 25 sq. m i. Guest Room 2 people capacity units/ 3 nos. 60sq. m j. Domes for elderly 12 people toilet/bath,capacities+store5nos. 300 sq. m k. Domes for kids 12 people toilet/bath,capacities+store5nos. 250 sq. m l. Single units (studio apartment) Room+ toilet/ bath 25 sq. m 4. SpacesCommon d. Administration 3 member office, Utility room, Records room, reception 50 sq. m e. Courtyards Open space landscapingwith 50 sq. m f. Praying Room Vacant room, benches 25 sq. m 5. Facilities j. Dispensary Waiting store,2nos.examinationConsultationroom,room,roomToilet,MedicalUtilitiesStore. 100 sq. m k. Medical Wing 10 bed capacity, Utility store, Nurse’s station, Record/Report room, Toilet facility. 100 sq. m

Orphanage with Home for Aged 82Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune l. Fitness Centre Basic equipmentfitness 40 sq. m m. Dining Hall/ Study Pavilion 100 people capacity, utensils store, Hand wash, drinking water 200 sq. m n. Kitchen 100 serving capacities, stores 250 sq. m o. Multipurpose Hall 200 people capacity, Stage + Backstage Areas 200 sq. m p. Computer Room 5 6 computers 40 sq. m q. Music Room Room+ Store 45 sq. m r. Toilet Services Shared Workspacewith 30 sq. m 6. Parking Garage 30-40 store,wheelerparking,four-wheeler4050twoparkingspace,washingarea Space for 4wheeler= 14 sq. Spacem for wheeler=22sq. m Total= 660 sq. m

2. Laws, G. (1993). The Land of Old Age”: Society’s Changing Attitudes toward Urban Built Environments for Elderly People. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 83(4), 672 693. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467 8306.1993.tb01960.x

(2015). Architecture Enabling Transformation of Lives in Children ’ S Home. 1 8. https://es.scribd.com/document/373344307/ARCHITECTURE ENABLING TRANSFORMATION OF pdf 6. elaws/model%20building%20byelaws%2https://urban.rajasthan.gov.in/content/dam/raj/udh/udh%20department/pdf/Buildingby02020.pdf 7. ineershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_referred_Indian_Standard_Codes_for_civil_eng 8. https://www.ijera.com/papers/Vol6_issue1/Part%20 %204/S6104134144.pdf

Orphanage with Home for Aged 83Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune BIBLIOGRAPHY

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in children’s social, emotional and behavioural development in Scotland: A longitudinal study. Environmental Research, 158(August), 729 736. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.07.038 5.

1. Haak, M., Fänge, A., Horstmann, V., & Iwarsson, S. (2008). Two dimensions of participation in very old age and their relations to home and neighborhood environments. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 62(1), 77 86. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.62.1.77

Orphanage with Home for Aged 84Muskan Naulakha, 1700701015, S.A.U.D.P., Pune