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Chapter 3 : Matter 3.1 What is Matter? What is matter? To show air has mass To show air occupies space 3.2 The States of Matter The states of matter Showing the arrangement of particles in the three states of matter Showing that there are empty spaces between particles The random movement of particles BM Version
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Chapter 3 : Matter 3.3 The Concept of Density The concept of density Application 3.4 The Properties of Matter and Their Application in Everyday Life The properties of matter and their application in everyday life
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3.1 What is Matter? Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space Examples water, soil, air and living things
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3.1 What is Matter? To show air has mass Wooden block
A pin is used to poke the balloon through the adhesive tape
Balloon Adhesive tape
Two balloons are filled with air and are balanced onto a wooden rod BM Version
The balloon that was poked with a pin has becomes lighter than the other balloon Previous Forward
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3.1 What is Matter? To show air occupies space • When air is blown through delivery tube, we can see the water level in the test tube dropped. This is because air has displaced water in the test tube
Blow here
Air
Delivery tube Water
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3.2 The States of Matter • Kinetic theory of matter says that matter consist of tiny particles. Those tiny particles are discrete.
Water particle Copper(II) sulphate particle
The dispersal of copper(II) sulphate particles in water BM Version
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3.2 The States of Matter Arrangement of particles Distance between particles Level of energy Volume Continue
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Closely packed
Further apart
Very far apart
Low
Medium
High
Definite
Definite
Indefinite
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3.2 The States of Matter Arrangement of particles Solid Vibrates at a fixed position
Liquid Moves randomly and freely
Gas Move randomly, freely and faster in any direction
Attractive force between particles
Strong
Weak
Very weak
Ability to be compressed
Cannot be compressed
Cannot be compressed
Movement of particles
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Can be compressed
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3.2 The States of Matter Showing the arrangement of particles in the three states of matter Cannot be compressed Space between solid particles are very small Solids cannot be compressed Continue
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3.2 The States of Matter Showing the arrangement of particles in the three states of matter
Difficult to compress
Space between water particles are small Liquids are not easily compressed Continue
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3.2 The States of Matter
Showing the arrangement of particles in the three states of matter
Easy to compress
Space between gas particles are big
Gases are easily compressed Continue
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3.2 The States of Matter
The movement of particles in the three states of matter Before
After a few days
Gel
Purple coloured gel
Potassium manganate(VII) solid
The particles of potassium manganate(VII) solid take a long time to disperse throughout the gel Continue
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3.2 The States of Matter The movement of particles in the three states of matter Before
After a few days
Water Potassium manganate(VII) solid The particles of potassium manganate(VII) solid disperse quickly throughout the water Continue
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Purple colour
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3.2 The States of Matter The movement of particles in the three states of matter Before After a few days
Brown colour of bromine water diffuses throughout the gas jar
Dropper Bromine water Gas jar
The particles of bromine water disperse very fast throughout the air BM Version
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3.2 The States of Matter
To show that there are empty spaces between particles After 50cm続 of water is Before added Less than 3 50 cm 100 cm3 water mixture of water and 50 cm3 ethanol ethanol The particles of water and ethanol fill up empty spaces in between particles in each other BM Version
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3.2 The States of Matter
The random movement of particles
Collisions of particles of gases or liquids with one another cause particles to move randomly in zigzag manner BM Version
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3.3 The Concept of Density Density of an object is mass per unit volume of that object Density SI unit = kg/m3 1 g/cm3 = 1000 kg/m3
Mass = Volume
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3. 3 The Concept of Density Different objects have different densities Buoyancy is the ability of an object to float on liquid Objects with lower density float on liquids with higher density
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3.3 The Concept of Density Application Buoy The density of buoy is less than the sea water Hot air balloon Hot air is less dense than cold air Submarine Density of submarine is controlled by regulating the volume of water in the ballast tank BM Version
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3.3 The Concept of Density Application 1. Sea water is pumped into ballast tank 2. Submarine becomes denser than sea water
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Water
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3.3 The Concept of Density Application 1. Air is pumped into ballast Ballast tank tank 2. Submarine becomes less dense than sea water
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3.4 The Properties of Matter and Their Application in Everyday Life Wood is used to build houses Divers carry a tank of air that allow them to breathe while deep underwater Plastic is an example of a man-made material. It is a useful solid Gas can be compressed. Cooking gas is stored in cylinders and can be transported easily Iron is a solid. It is hard and strong. Iron and concrete are used in the construction of buildings Boats are structured inside with empty spaces filled with air. Thus, the density of the boat is less than the density of water. This makes the boat float
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The end
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Bab 3 : Jirim 3.1 Apakah itu Jirim? • Apakah itu jirim? • Menunjukkan udara mempunyai jisim • Menunjukkan udara memenuhi ruang 3.2 Keadaan Jirim • Keadaan jirim • Menunjukkan susunan zarah-zarah dalam tiga keadaan jirim • Menunjukkan terdapatnya ruang kosong antara zarah-zarah • Pergerakan rawak zarah-zarah Versi BI
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Bab 3 : Jirim 3.3 Konsep Ketumpatan • Konsep ketumpatan • Penggunaan 3.4 Ciri-ciri Jirim dan Penggunaannya dalam Kehidupan Seharian • Ciri-ciri jirim dan penggunaannya dalam kehidupan seharian
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3.1 Apakah itu Jirim? • Jirim ialah sebarang benda yang mempunyai jisim dan memenuhi ruang • Contohnya air, tanih, udara dan benda hidup
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3.1 Apakah itu Jirim?
Mununjukkan udara mempunyai jisim Blok kayu Belon Pita pelekat
• Dua belon diisi dengan udara dan diimbangkan pada blok kayu
Pin digunakan untuk mencucuk belon pada pita pelekat
• Belon yang dicucuk dengan pin menjadi ringan berbanding yang satu lagi Versi BI
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3.1 Apakah itu Jirim? Menunjukkan udara memenuhi ruang • Apabila udara ditiup melalui salur penghantar, kita dapat lihat aras air dalam tabung uji menurun. Ini kerana tabung uji berisi udara
Tiup di sini
Udara
Salur penghantar Air Versi BI
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3.2 Keadaan Jirim • Teori kinetik jirim menyatakan bahawa jirim mengandungi zarah-zarah halus. Zarah-zarah halus ini adalah diskrit.
Zarah air Zarah kuprum(II) sulfat
Zarah-zarah kuprum(II) sulfat berselerak di dalam air Versi BI
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3.2 Keadaan Jirim Susunan zarah-zarah Pepejal
Cecair
Gas
Jarak antara zarahzarah
Rapat
Jauh
Sangat jauh
Aras tenaga
Rendah
Medium
Tinggi
Isipadu
Nyata
Nyata
Tidak nyata
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3.2 Keadaan Jirim Susunan zarah-zarah Pergerakan zarah-zarah
Pepejal Bergetar pada kedudukan tetap
Cecair Bergerak rawak dan bebas
Gas Bergerak rawak, bebas dan cepat dalam semua arah
Daya tarikan antara zarah
Kuat
Lemah
Sangat lemah
Kebolehan memampat
Tidak boleh
Tidak boleh
Boleh Versi BI
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3.2 Keadaan Jirim Menunjukkan susunan zarah-zarah dalam tiga keadaan jirim Tidak boleh dimampat Ruang antara zarah-zarah pepejal sangat kecil • Pepejal tidak boleh dimampatkan Versi BI
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3.2 Keadaan Jirim Menunjukkan susunan zarah-zarah dalam tiga keadaan pepejal
Susah untuk dimampat
Ruang antara zarah-zarah air adalah kecil • Cecair tidak mudah untuk dimampatkan Versi BI
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3.2 Keadaan Jirim
Menunjukkan susunan zarah-zarah dalam tiga keadaan jirim
Senang dimampatkan
Ruang antara zarah-zarah gas besar
• Gas senang dimampatkan Versi BI
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3.2 Keadaan Jirim Menunjukkan pergerakan zarah-zarah dalam tiga keadaan jirim Sebelum
Gel
Selepas beberapa hari
Pepejal kalium manganat(VII)
Gel berwarna ungu
• Zarah-zarah pepejal kalium manganat(VII) mengambil masa yang lama untuk berselerak ke seluruh gel
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3.2 Keadaan Jirim Menunjukkan pergerakan zarah-zarah dalam tiga keadaan jirim Selepas beberapa Sebelum hari Air
Pepejal kalium manganat(VII) • Zarah-zarah pepejal kalium manganat(VII) berselerak dengan cepat ke seluruh air
Berwarna ungu
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3.2 Keadaan Jirim Menunjukkan pergerakan zarah-zarah dalam tiga keadaan jirim Sebelum Penitis
Air bromin
Kelalang gas
Selepas beberapa hari Warna perang air bromin merebak ke seluruh kelalang gas
• Zarah-zarah air bromin merebak sangat cepat ke seluruh udara
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3.2 Keadaan Jirim
Menunjukkan terdapatnya ruang kosong antara zarah-zarah 3 air Selepas ditambahkan 50 cm Sebelum 50 air
cm3
50 cm3 etanol
Kurang daripada 100 cm3 campuran air dan etanol
• Zarah-zarah air dan etanol memenuhi ruang kosong di antara zarah-zarah Versi BI
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3.2 Keadaan Jirim Pergerakan rawak zarah-zarah
• Perlanggaran zarah-zarah gas atau cecair antara satu sama lain menyebabkan zarah bergerak rawak dalam keadaan zigzag Versi BI
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3.3 Konsep Ketumpatan • Ketumpatan sesuatu objek adalah jisim per isi padu unit sesuatu objek Jisim Ketumpatan = Isi padu • SI unit = kg/m3 • 1 g/cm3 = 1000 kg/m3 Versi BI
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3. 3 Konsep Ketumpatan • Objek berlainan mempunyai ketumpatan berlainan • Keapungan adalah terapung atau tenggelamnya sesuatu objek dalam cecair • Objek yang kurang tumpat terapung pada permukaan cecair berbanding dengan objek yang lebih tumpat
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3.3 Konsep Ketumpatan Penggunaan • Boya Ketumpatan boya kurang berbanding air laut • Belon udara panas Udara panas kurang tumpat berbanding udara sejuk • Kapal selam Ketumpatan kapal selam dikawal oleh isi padu air dalam tangki balast
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3.3 Konsep Ketumpatan Penggunaan 1. Air laut dipam ke dalam tangki balast 2. Kapal selam menjadi lebih tumpat daripada air laut
Air
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3.3 Konsep Ketumpatan Application 1. Udara dipam ke dalam tangki Tangki balast balast 2. Kapal selam menjadi kurang tumpat berbanding air laut
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3.4 Ciri-ciri Jirim dan Penggunaannya dalam Kehidupan Seharian • • • • •
Kayu digunakan untuk membina rumah Juruselam membawa tangki udara bagi membolehkan mereka bernafas semasa di dalam air Plastik adalah contoh bahan buatan manusia. Ia adalah pepejal yang berguna Gas boleh dimampatkan. Gas memasak disimpan di dalam silinder dan senang diangkut Besi adalah pepejal. Ia adalah keras dan kuat. Besi dan konkrit digunakan dalam pembinaan bangunan • Bot direka dengan bahagian dalamnya kosong dengan udara. Mala ketumpatan bot kurang daripada ketumpatan air. Ini menyebabkan bot terapung
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