Dairy Planner May 2017 by PIXIE CONSULTING SOLUTIONS LTD.

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AN OVERVIEW ON ORGANIC

DAIRY FARMING Organic Milk And Milk Produts

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MORE MILK After Calving ?

20 Cool Facts

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Vol.14 | No. - 05 | May - 2017

From the Pen of Chief Editor Protecting dairy cows and buffalo in India

An Overview On Organic Dairy Farming, Organic Milk And Milk Produts

C O N T E N T S

How To Get More Milk After Calving ?

12 Beneﬁts of Cow Desi Ghee

14 Press Release

India SME 100 Awards

15 Avi Mumbai Celebrated World Veterinary Day 2017

Buffalo Seeking New Relationship Norms With Budding Commercial Dairy Farmer 17

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Editorial

In India up to 50 million cows are suffering on dairy farms in unacceptable conditions. They suffer painful health problems and shorter lifespans due to over breeding, poor housing, confinement and over medication. India dairies: the solution Ÿ We are working with authorities to stop animals suffering in large, industrialised indoor dairy farms. Ÿ We are moving people to adopt animal friendly, sustainable, healthy farming practices. Ÿ We are working with farmers and authorities to develop humane and sustainable agriculture practices for high welfare milk production. Ÿ We are moving the government to develop high welfare milk production standards in India. Ÿ We are working with local people to adopt better animal husbandry practices, to increase milk production and quality, while protecting animals National Code of Practices for Management of Dairy Animals in India A growing number of the country's 300 million dairy animals – collectively the world's largest herd – are living in intensive farming systems in overcrowded, barren conditions causing immense suffering. We will now be working with the National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI) to recommend dairy animal welfare in a range of Government of India policies and programmes. This is off the back of our launch of the National Code of Practices for Management of Dairy Animals in India last year. The NDRI will be encouraging the use of the Code of Practices to academics, and in internal government training. Going forward the high welfare management practices will be implemented at the cattle yards managed by the NDRI. The National Code of Practices for Management of Dairy Animals in India covers all aspects of the industry from advice on breeding and husbandry, through to guidance on how animals should be fed and housed. Basic hygiene, sanitation and guidance on record keeping are also included. With your support we plan to drive even greater change to enrich the lives of millions of dairy animals in India. You are helping us shape the future of the dairy industry to make sure it is sustainable, giving dairy animals a better chance of improved care and protection.

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DAIRY PLANNER | VOL. 14 | NO. - 05 | May 2017

AN OVERVIEW ON ORGANIC DAIRY FARMING, ORGANIC MILK AND MILK PRODUTS Introduction The food production and supply has increased by the use of fertilizers, antibiotics, drugs, agrochemicals and improved feeds but now-a-days, consumers have become qualityconscious and are increasingly seeking environmentally safe, chemical-residue free healthy foods, along with product traceability and a high standard of animal welfare, which organic production methods are said to ensure. Organic production is not only a challenge for producers in developing countries but it offers new export opportunities as well. According to many reports, organic food is a growing business with good long-term prospects. The organic movement is built on a fundamental principle: healthy soils lead to healthy crops, healthy animals, healthy humans, and a healthy planet. Organic crop and livestock production focuses on building soil organic matter and biology to create a sustainable, dynamic environment for producing healthy food and feed. The organic farming movement is commonly agreed to have begun in the 1940s in England with the writings of Sir Albert Howard, who learned about organic practices in India during the 1920s. As per the Codex Alimentarius commission Guidelines, organic farming may be deﬁned as “a holistic production management system, which promotes and enhances agro ecosystem health including biodiversity, biological cycles and soil biological activity”. The guidelines have also established principles of organic p ro d u c t i o n f ro m t h e s t a g e s of production, processing, storage and transport to labeling and marketing. 06

Organic production is different from the conventional production mainly due to its stress on conserving the fertility of soil, avoiding pollution, producing food of optimum nutritional quality, minimizing the usage of non renewable resources, etc. During the recent past, more emphasis on the organic milk and milk products have been due to the fact that organic product is free from pesticides and any other material which is not normally secreted into milk. In organic dairy farming, raising animals on organic feed (i.e. pastures cultivated without the use of fertilizers or pesticides), have access to pasture or outside, along with the restricted usage of antibiotics and hormones. Products obtained from Organic dairy farm are the organic dairy products. Organic dairy farming is a system of production, a set of goalbased regulations that allow farmers to manage their own particular situations individually, while maintaining organic integrity. Organic milk is the result of keeping and feeding dairy cows under special conditions. The conditions bind to the fundamental rules for organic dairy products. It is guided by several national and international organizations. For the production of organic foods and products special care is taken to exclude artificial ingredients like colour, flavour, stablizer, sweetener etc. Organic dairy products are often viewed as "Gateway Products", in that consumers will make their first forays into organic purchasing by buying organic dairy products, eventually increasing their allegiance to organic products as they become increasingly food savvy.

India, being the largest producer of milk in the world, with 133 million tones of milk products (2012-13) has to follow international standards set by Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), World Health Organisation (WHO), Codex Alimentarius Commission for food etc. The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) allows governments to act on trade in order to protect human, animal and plant life/health. Therefore, India needs to address the emerging challenges effecting the exports of dairy products, since the developed countries with quality standards are acting as a formidable barrier for developing countries like India. Recent problems related to food safety, such as Mad cow disease, FMD (Foot and Mouth Disease) have prompted many governments to initiate implementing food traceability systems, to determine the levels of pesticide residues, veterinary drugs, aﬂatoxins, heavy metals, dioxin contamination in milk etc. There is a wide scope for India to prosper in the global organic dairy market as already exports are being done with the products like skim milk powder 44.07%, milk fats and butter 35%, whole milk powder 8.14%, cheese and fermented products 2.93%, processed cheese 2.81% and whey and other products 2.04% to the countries like UAE, Bangladesh, Nepal, Philippines, Egypt, Yemen and Saudi Arabia etc (2013). Historical Development The philosopher Rudolf Steiner founded biodynamic farming during a series of lectures given at an agricultural course in Germany in 1924. When organic movement started in the 1960s, it was extensively based on the experience of biodynamic farming. The pioneers of the movements were town DAIRY PLANNER | VOL. 14 | NO. - 05 | May 2017

people to protest against the increasingly intensive method of production, especially the use of pesticide and fertilizers. These trends were supported by general society a g a i n s t i n c re a s i n g m a te r i a l i s m , centralization and indiscriminate largescale products. In 1981, the organic farmers coordinated with international body called International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movments (IFOAM), which prepares guidelines for cultivation and processing. It also has an accreditation programme to control bodies worldwide. The number of organic farmers was at a modest level until the early 1990s. Many pioneers dropped out due to economical loss in dairy farm business. However, those who stayed in the new environment slowly qualified as professional organic farmers. The Danish organic movement was organised in 1981 with the foundation of the Danish Organzation for Organic Farming. Today organic milk accounts for more than one fifth of sales in certain countries. These estimates indicate that there is an enormous difference between the growth rates of organic milk production of different European countries. The Indian agriculture is based on traditional ways of farming systems (i.e. organic farming) till the middle of the last century. The Green Revolution ushered in India during 1960 and it has been the cornerstone of India's agricultural achievement, transforming the country from the stage of food deficiency to self-sufficiency. During the period, the production has increased four folds but, indiscriminate and excessive use of chemicals has put forth a question mark on sustainability of agriculture which addresses to soil health, human health, environmental health and eco-friendly agriculture. To cope up with the prevailed alarming situation, practice of organic agriculture was taken up as a 08

remedial measure, which was introduced by a British Agronomist Sir Albert Howard in 1900, who later was instrumental in spreading this system to United Kingdom. Organic farming and organic products demand increasing day by day in India and there is increasing awareness amongst the farmers about organic products. Under the Bureau of Indian Standards, we have eco-marking system to protect the environment and health. Organic milk and milk products Organic milk is deﬁned as the lacteal secretion of mammary gland produced by cows reared on a system of inputs with no use of chemicals, pesticides, fungicides, fertilizer and medicines. Demand of organic milk is increasing by 10-15% annually worldwide. Organic milk products are prepared from organic milk without use of any chemicals.

Reducing the use of nonrenewable resources to a minimum

Providing domestic animals with good condition of life

Securing that the farmer can support himself by farming

Organic Dairy Sector Organic Dairy Production, a segment of Organic farming is primarily based on the following farm and live stock management practices: Ÿ

Grazing is an essential requirement under organic herd management. Animal should have sufﬁcient area for grazing and free movement. Conﬁnement of animals for a long period is not allowed.

In organic milk production Ÿ

The cattle health has to be managed with almost nil to very restricted use of the allopathic medicines including the antibiotics and hormones. Prevention is the best remedy under the organic herd management, followed by the use of alternate remedies like ayurvedic, homeopathic and other indigenous practices.

According to USDA (United State Dept. Of Agriculture), standard milk and milk products can be labeled 'organic', if the milk is from cows that have been exclusively fed organic feed, kept in pens with adequate space and are allowed to periodic access to the outdoors and direct sun light and not treated with synthetic hormones and are not given certain medications to treat illness.

Clean drinking water in sufﬁcient quantity is to be offered to the animals.

Fundamental Rules For organic farming and Production of organic milk & milk products

Pesticide free green fodder and feed in sufﬁcient amounts are to be fed to animals.

Pure livestock breeds are preferred. Local breeds are to be encouraged. Cross breeding goes against the philosophy of organic milk production.

Artiﬁcial insemination is not allowed under the organic management as per the Indian standards though the European standards allow for artiﬁcial insemination.

No child labour is to be used in production, processing and

The organic practices project the following concerned principles as different from the conventional practices: 1.

Preserving the fertility of the soil

Avoiding all kinds of pollution

Producing goods of optimum nutritional quality

Utilizing local resources and labour in closed cycles

DAIRY PLANNER | VOL. 14 | NO. - 05 | May 2017

Zeaxanthin is also important for good eye health. It protects the eye from UV damage and the impact of free radicals. It is very helpful in preventing cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma and macular degeneration.

marketing of dairy products. Ÿ

Producers have to keep the written records concerning the production and processing.

Essential points for Organic Milk and Dairy Products The following points will help in understanding about the organic milk and milk products in the detail: Ÿ

Organic dairy products must be from animals that have been under continuous organic management for at least one year prior to the production of the milk or milk products.

Pesticides: Organic milk and milk products have no pesticide residues because organic dairy farms don't use any artiﬁcial pesticides on pastures where cows graze.

Antibiotics: On conventional dairy farms, cows are given antibiotics routinely to prevent disease and infection. In organic dairy farms, ﬁrst natural remedies are used for cow's illness, if it won't work then antibiotics are given. When organic cow needs to be treated with antibiotics then the 'withdrawal period' is considerably longer than that recommended for conventional farming. So there is no antibiotic residue in organic milk & milk products.

Superiority in terms of quality of products Ÿ

Organic Milk is better for Health: Milk from organic and non-organic dairies is having difference but organic milk is far superior to non-organic milk. Some differences which make organic milk superior like-

CLA: milk contains Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA). CLA levels in organic milk are higher because these cows eat greater amounts of grass, hay and silage. CLA in human body is to boost immune system and reduce the growth of tumors.

Omega-3: Organic milk has more beneﬁcial Omega-3, less damaging Omega-6. Omega-3 is an essential fatty acid which is required for healthy growth and its deﬁciency leads to various health problems that have seemed to increase in recent years. Antioxidants: Organic milk has a two to three time higher concentration of antioxidants like lutein and zeaxanthin than nonorganic milk. Lutein is extremely important for eye health and is effective in preventing numerous eye diseases such as macular degeneration and cataracts.

GMOs & Solvents: free from GMOs & Solvents because the feed which is given to cows on organic dairy farms is free from GMOs (Genetically modiﬁed organisms), solvent extracts and urea.

Vitamins: Organic milk has a higher concentration of vitamins such as Vitamin A and Vitamin E than conventional milk. Since organic cows graze on fresh grass and clover, the milk they produce has about 50% higher Vitamin E and 75% higher beta carotene.

Hormones: In organic dairy farms, use of hormones is totally prohibited.so organic milk and milk products are free of hormones. Hormones such as rBGH (Recombinent Bovine Growth Hormone) and Oxytocin were often used to increase milk production

and cause easy letdown of milk in conventional dairy farming. Ÿ

Organic milk (OM) authenticity: Natural stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen (12C, 13C, 14N, 15N) have abundances unique to each living creature. Therefore, measurement of the stable isotope ratio of carbon and nitrogen (δ13C = 13C/12C, δ15N = 15N/14N) in milk provides a reliable method to determine organic milk (OM) authenticity. Chung et al (2014) determined the authenticity of organic milk by using δ13C and δ15N and concluded that mean carbon isotope ratio (δ13C) was higher in organic milk (OM) than in conventional milk (CM); mean nitrogen isotope ratio (δ15N) was lower in the OM than in the CM, and the combination of δ13C and δ15N was more effectively distinguished between OM and CM.

Standards for organic milk production Five organic standards are important and have a worldwide acceptance, viz. European Union Regulation (1804/ 1999), Organic Food Products Act (OFPA) of USA, Draft Guidelines of Codex/WHO/FAO, United Kingdom Register of Organic Food Standards (UKROFS) of UK and the International Federation of Organic Agricultural Movements (IFOAM) basic standards. It has been reported that there are 468 organizations worldwide which offer organic cer tification s e r v i c e s ( Ya d a v , 2 0 0 8 ) . M o s t certification bodies are in Europe (37%) followed by Asia (31 %) and North America (18%). The countries with the most certification bodies are US, Japan, China and Germany. Forty per cent of the certification bodies are approved by the European Union, 32% have ISO 65 accreditation and 28% are accredited under the US National Organic Program. Steps involved in DAIRY PLANNER | VOL. 14 | NO. - 05 | May 2017

certification include registration of producers and the processing industries, provision of basic information on the crops and farm, and inspection and verification of farm, processing unit, production methods, and production practices by the inspector appointed by the certifying agency like APEDA (Agricultural Products Export Development Agency), NSOP (National Standards for Organic Products), USOCA (Uttrakhand State Organic Cer tification Authority) appointed by Government of Uttrakhand, ECOCERT appointed by Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India etc. In USA, task is monitored under the organic food production Act of 1990 (under USDA) and a National Organic Standards Board (NOSB) has been set up. The NOSB defines organic agriculture as an ecological production management system that promotes and enhances biodiversity, biological cycles and soil bioactivity. It is based on minimal use of off-farm inputs and on management practices that restore, maintain and enhance ecological harmony. The principal guidelines for organic production are to use materials and practices that enhance the ecological balance of natural systems and that integrate parts of farming systems into a holistic ecological system. Organic agriculture practices cannot ensure that products are completely free of residue; however, methods are used to minimize pollution of air, soil and water. I.e. it is a management system and not the final products standards (as perceived through ISO 9000/1400 standards, but not identical).The primary goal of organic agriculture is to optimize the health and productivity of interdependent communities of soil life, plants, animal and people. The unified US standards for organic dairy includes prohibition of substances like (pesticide, chemical fertilizers) applied to the land 10

for at least 3years, 100% feed raised by organic production practices and no antibiotics and hormones are allowed. In Germany ecological farming associations, united under the umbrella AGOL, specify the practices almost similar as stated above. Potential of production of organic milk and dairy products in India The Indian agriculture is based on traditional ways of farming systems (i.e. organic farming) till the middle of the l a s t c e n t u r y. D u r i n g t h e G re e n Revolution period, the production has increased four folds but, indiscriminate and excessive use of chemicals has put forth a question mark on sustainability of agriculture which addresses to soil health, human health, environmental health and eco-friendly agriculture. To cope up with the situation, British Agronomist Sir Albert Howard in 1900 has introduced organic agriculture as a remedial measure. Farmers of marginal, small and semi-medium operational holdings own about 87.70 per cent of the livestock and the low external inputs based Indian dairy sector has better prospects to translate to organic production since majority of Indian farmers are organic in nature. India has excellent breeds of cattle & buffaloes having natural resistance against diseases and well adapted to climate. India, being the largest producer of milk in the world, with 133 million tones of milk products (2012-13) has a wide scope to prosper in the global organic market as it is already exporting milk products like skim milk powder 44.07 per cent, milk fats and butter 35 per cent, whole milk powder 8.14 per cent, cheese and fermented products 2.93 per cent, processed cheese 2.81 per cent and whey and other products 2.04 per cent to the countries like UAE, Bangladesh, Nepal, Philippines, Egypt, Yemen and Saudi Arabia etc. (Joshi, 2013). But, India needs to address the emerging

challenges of international standards of food safety, quality and traceability set by FAO/ WHO/ Codex Alimentarius Commission for food etc. As the market for organic foods is growing at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 20 to 22 per cent. Government of India has launched a National Program on Organic Production (NPOP) in the year 2000 for focused and well directed development of organic farming. The Agriculture and Processed Products E x p o r t s D e ve l o p m e n t A u t h o r i t y (APEDA), ICAR, State Agricultural Universities (SAUs), State Departments of Agriculture, State Department of Animal Husbandry coupled with the NGO's, are now working towards promoting organic production. India has a huge potential of organic milk and milk products production. Some of the agro-climatic regions of the country are best suited for organic milk production. These areas include the rain-fed areas of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, hilly areas of Himachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Jammu and Kashmir, Tamil Nadu and whole of North-Eastern region. In fact the production practices followed in many of these areas are very natural and the milk presently being produced is almost organic. There are some areas in the country (especially mountain areas) and communities (certain tribes) where the green revolution technologies have so far not reached and did not adopt the use of agro-chemicals. These areas have been classiﬁed as "organic zones". The North Eastern region of India provides considerable scope and opportunity for organic farming due to least utilization of chemical inputs where it is estimated that 18 million hectares of such land is available which can be exploited for systematic organic production (Ghosh, 2006). The small farmers of these areas producing a few liters of milk daily are not in a position to market it as organic milk due to DAIRY PLANNER | VOL. 14 | NO. - 05 | May 2017

ignorance and due to unavailability of local market for organic produce. The Trans-Gangetic plains region of Punjab, Haryana, Western U.P. and parts of Rajasthan have witnessed the most intensiﬁcation of crop husbandry by way of intensive crop rotations and the heavy use of inorganic fertilizers and agro-chemicals. However, even in this region, dairy farming has not received much intensiﬁcation as has been the case with advanced countries and, therefore, is amenable to conversion to organic with little effort. The organic dairy farming has a good scope in the country as it is the small holder's low input, crop residue fodder based production system contributing 70% of total milk production of the country (Kumar et al., 2005). They recommended that in order to tap the organic milk produced in interior rural areas; the cooperative organization should come forward for certifying, procurement, processing and marketing of organic milk. Costing of ODP In Denmark in the early 1990s the large dairy plants entered into contracts based on additional prices up to 40% for organic milk. However one food plant signed 3year contract guaranteeing prices that are 20% above the conventional level. Today 50% of the organically produced milk goes in the market as organic milk which needs to be increased to pay bonus to the producer for their efforts to preserve the nature by creating the House of Ecology. The yield of organic milk tends to be lower than those of conventional. Similarly the gross income of organic farms tends to be lower in Canada and Denmark . However, these may be overcome in days to come by selling large amount of

milk and milk products in the growing market. According to research done by the Hartman group (USA), 69% of the organic interested consumers say they would purchase organic products at 10%premium and 31% at 20% premium. The major reasons for low purchase of organic foods are high price and in sufﬁcent supply, whereas, reasons for consuming such products are health concern, taste, quality, psychology and environmental interest. Future of Organic Dairy Products There are several challenges for organic dairy products viz. Processing challenges 1.

Higher cost of raw materials

Limited supply

Utilization and balancing components (e.g butterfat or milk solids)

Long term contracts for demand and supply and quality

Certiﬁcation

Market challenges 1.

Availability of regular market

High prices and international transactions

Conclusion Demand for organic livestock products is growing in the USA, EU, Japan, Argentina and Brazil. Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and the UK import signiﬁcant amounts of organic produce. Consumers pay a large price premium for organic food in Austria, Belgium, Germany and the UK. Native breeds of livestock, which predominate in tropical countries like India, are less susceptible to stress and disease, and so the need for allopathic medicines and antibiotics is much

l o w e r. G r a s s - b a s e d , e x t e n s i v e production systems and forest-based, animal production systems that are prevalent in many areas of these countries have considerable potential for conversion into organic animal husbandry. Literacy is on the rise and the media are making consumers more aware of and concerned about animal welfare issues and healthy foods. This may well boost the domestic consumption of organic foods. Some experts also look this new era with less o p t i m i s t i c v i e w b e c a u s e of t h e consumer needs for more convenient food products like individual portions and ready to eat meals. The food service is growing and in these kinds of products, the organic origin is difﬁcult to volarize. However, these changes may be required to be ripping-over by educating the producers and consumers. The development of the products can be enhanced by standardization of the speciﬁcations, creation of national organic logo or label, involvement of local market chains for drawing and attracting occasional and new consumers and government support to the farm conversion. Jemet (France) forecasted that in 10years, organic dair y production would represent 3 % of the total dairy products in the developed countries. Given the lack of knowledge in this area, the upcoming conclusions will be useful for every level of the milk chain, from the producers to the consumers, and would give some more precise information on the real properties of organic milk and milk products.

Rabi Ranjan Naik M.V. Sc. Scholar, Department of Livestock Products Technology, Madras Veterinary College, TANUVAS, Chennai – 600007 Corresponding author: rabiranjann.g@gmail.com 11

DAIRY PLANNER | VOL. 14 | NO. - 05 | May 2017

HOW TO GET MORE MILK AFTER CALVING ? potential and body condition score (BCS). BCS indicates the amount of fat stored in the body of cow which is a potential source of energy.

Every cow has to pass through a dry period during late lactation. This is the period during which the milk yield declines due to pregnancy. The cow stops milk production almost one month before calving. Some animals may reduce their milk yield even 2 months before calving as well which is considered a very good sign for cows since the lactating cells get some rest. Some cells get time to repair themselves during this dry period. If dry period is not allowed to cows then the lactating cells may get damaged permanently and cause huge economic loss to the farmers because of reduced milk production. It has been found that the cows getting dried 2 months before parturition produce 125 litres of more milk in the next lactation. Therefore, dairy farmers need to think on the aspect of dry period in a serious manner. It is worth consideration that how much proﬁt may be gained by farmers if the cows are not dried during late lactation. The dairy farmers must also think that how much more milk is likely to be produced if the cows are allowed to get dried for the m a i n te n a n c e of l a c t a t i n g c e l l s . Sometimes the farmers continue to milk their cows unknowingly which leads to hormonal imbalance and irreversible loss to the lactating cells of the udder. Therefore it is necessary to plan for the next lactation during the last phase of current lactation itself. Right time for drying cows The appropriate time for drying cows depend upon their production 12

The cows with poor BCS are hardly able to bear the load of energy required by growing fetus in the womb. Such cows are unable to meet the energy requirements for milk synthesis also. Highly obese animals are allotted a BCS of 5 whereas poorest in fat deposition have got a score close to zero. An ideal BCS score is between 3 and 3.5. Animals with lesser BCS score may reach into negative energy balance which is undesirable. It not only affects the lactation length of these cows but also leads to reduced milk production. S u ch co ws f ai l to e x pre s s h e at symptoms after calving and fail to conceive. These cows may be offered a feed with higher energy density so that there is no substantial effect of reduced feed intake in these animals. It is important to note that two third of the calf growth takes place during last 60 days of gestation. If the BCS is more than 3.5, the animals may face difﬁculty during parturition. Such cows are more prone to the infections of udder or mastitis. Higher BCS has been observed in those cows which are overfed during the dry period. Therefore, an effort should be made to restrict the BCS at 3 while drying the cows. If the cows are fatty during the initial phase of drying, then the minimum quantity of concentrate should be offered while more straws should be fed. If the cows are lean, they may be offered bypass fat to increase the energy density of feed. If the cost of feed becomes equal to the cost of milk produced by a cow then it is an appropriate time for the drying of cows. Generally cows keep lactating before 45 to 60 days from the date of parturition. If the BCS is not favourable, then the cow should be dried 60 days before the expected date of calving.

How to make cows dry ? If the cow is producing 10 litres of milk during late lactation then we must stop feeding concentrate to these animals at a slow rate so that the milk synthetic activity of the cells may be brought down. However, cows should be milked fully during this period to avoid any infection of the udder. After milking the teats may be dipped in alcohol to disinfect. After milking all the teats, an antibiotic may be infused under the advice of a veterinary physician. The practice should continue until the expected date of calving. The teats should be examined at weakly intervals for milk synthetic activity. Mammary glands are more prone to infections and therefore, they should be protected at all costs. If the milk has dried up in the udder then cows must be offered a clean and dry place for sitting to avoid any infection from ground. Health of cows during dry period Cows need more care during dry period which is accomplished through suitable vaccinations. When the animals are treated with antibiotics during dry period, then the stress level is very low. But if the cows are vaccinated around parturition and early lactation, then it is beneﬁcial since immune system is more active. The animals may be offered vitamins and mineral supplements to avoid any deﬁciency. The cows are not under milking during this period which is another advantage since harmful chemicals cannot enter in our system through milk. The cows must be allowed to move out during this period DAIRY PLANNER | VOL. 14 | NO. - 05 | May 2017

so that it may stay ﬁt with little physical exercise. Nutrition during transition period This is a period of 3 weeks before and 3 weeks after parturition which is very critical for cows. If the cows do not get adequate nutrition during this period, they are more likely to suffer due to postpar tum milk fever, delayed e x p u l s i o n of f e t a l m e m b r a n e s , endometritis, liver disorders and lameness. Fatty livers and ketosis pose serious threat to the health of such cows. The cows stay healthy if they are offered a ration of comparatively less energy and high ﬁbres. Straws may also be mixed with the total mixed ration to

reduce the energy density of feeds for such animals. The dry matter intake of the animals may be increased by offering more concentrate to the animals so that the cows stay free from metabolic disorders after calving. The cows which are calving for the ﬁrst time are offered a diet of higher energy density in comparison to the dried cows. A cow may reduce its diet by 1030% before parturition. Therefore, it is important to maintain higher level of energy in their diets. The postpartum dry matter intake (DMI) is likely to reduce which may lead to negative energy balance if the cows are offered high energy TMR during the last phase of drying. However, the cows fed on

wheat straw during dry periods have much better energy balance. The silage can also be mixed with 20-30% straw if available to bring down the energy density of feed at 1.3 Mega Calories per Kilogram of dr y matter which is considered most appropriate. The straw should be cut to a size which is not more than 5 centimetres, so that cow may eat the entire feed. The straw should be well dried and free from fungus and other undesirable impurities. The wheat straw is the best choice because it stays for longer time in the rumen. It not only improves the efﬁciency of digestion but also helps to maintain the entire digestive system in good form.

Ashwani Kumar Roy and Mahendra Singh Animal Physiology Division, N.D.R.I. Karnal

DAIRY PLANNER | VOL. 14 | NO. - 05 | May 2017

BENEFITS OF COW DESI GHEE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

गाय का घी नाक म डालने से पागलपन दरू होता ह।ै गाय का घी नाक म डालने से एलज ख हो जाती ह।ै गाय का घी नाक म डालने से लकवा का रोग म भी उपचार होता ह।ै (20-25 ाम) घी व म ी खलाने से शराब, भागं व गाझ ं े का नशा कम हो जाता ह।ै गाय का घी नाक म डाल ने से कान का पदा बना ओपरेशन के ही ठीक हो जाता ह।ै नाक म घी डालने से नाक क खु दरू होती है और िदमाग तरो ताजा हो जाता ह।ै गाय का घी नाक म डालने से कोमा से बाहर नकलकर चेतना वापस लोट आती ह।ै गाय का घी नाक म डालने से बाल झडना समा हो कर नए बाल भी आने लगते ह।ै गाय के घी को नाक म डालने से मान सक शां त मलती ह,ै याददा तज े होती ह।ै हाथ पाव मे जलन होने पर गाय के घी को तलवो म मा लश कर जलन ठीक होता ह।ै िहचक के न कने पर खाली गाय का आधा च च घी खाए, िहचक यं क जाएगी। गाय के घी का नय मत सेवन करने से ए सिडटी व क क शकायत कम हो जाती ह।ै गाय के घी से बल और वीय बढ़ता है और शारी रक व मान सक ताकत म भी इजाफा होता है गाय के पुराने घी से ब ो ं को छाती और पीठ पर मा लश करने से कफ क शकायत दरू हो जाती ह।ै अगर अ धक कमजोरी लग,े तो एक गलास दध ू म एक च च गाय का घी और म ी डाल कर पी ल। हथल े ी और पावं के तलवो म जलन होने पर गाय के घी क मा लश करने से जलन म आराम आयेगा। गाय का घी न सफ कसर को पैदा होने से रोकता है और इस बीमारी के फै लने को भी आ य जनक ढंग से रोकता ह।ै

25.

26.

27.

28. 18.

19.

20.

21. 22.

23.

24. 14

जस को हाट अटैक क तकलीफ है और चकनाइ खाने क मनाही है तो गाय का घी खाएं , हदय मज़बतू होता ह।ै देसी गाय के घी म कसर से लड़ने क अचूक मता होती ह।ैइसके सेवनसे नतथाआतंके खतरनाककसर सेबचाजासकताह।ै घी, छलका सिहत पसा आ काला चना और पसी श र (बरूा) तीनो ं को समान मा ा म मलाकर ल बाधँल। ातः खाली पेट एक ल खूब चबा-चबा कर खाते ए एक गलास मीठा गुनगुना दध ू घँ ूट-घँ ूट करके पीने से यो ं के दर रोग म आराम होता ह,ै पु षो ं का शरीर मोटा ताजा यानी सुडौल और बलवान बनता ह.ै फफोलो पर गाय का देसी घी लगाने से आराम मलता ह।ै गाय के घी क झाती पर मा लस कर ने से ब ो के बलगम को बहार नकालने मे सहायक होता ह।ै सापं के काटने पर 100 -150 ाम घी पलाय उपर से जतना गुन गुना पानी पला सके पलाय जससे उलटी और द तो लगगे ही लेिकन सापं का वष कम हो जायेगा। दो बं दू देसी गाय का घी नाक म सुबह शाम

29.

30.

डालने से माइ ेन दद ठीक होता ह।ै सर दद होने पर शरीर म गम लगती हो, तो गाय के घी क पैरो ं के तलवे पर मा लश करे, सरदद ठीक हो जायेगा। यह रण रहे िक गाय के घी के सेवन से कॉले ॉल नही ं बढ़ता ह।ै वजन भी नही बढ़ता, ब वजन को सं तु लत करता ह।ै यानी के कमजोर का वजन बढ़ता ह,ै मोटे का मोटापा (वजन) कम होता ह।ै एक च च गाय का शु घी म एक च च बरूा और 1/4 च च पसी काली मच इन तीनो ं को मला कर सुबह खाली पेट और रात को सोते समय चाट कर ऊपर से गम मीठा दध ू पीने से आख ँ ो ं क ो त बढ़ती ह।ै गाय के घी को ठ े जल म फट ले और िफर घी को पानी से अलग कर ले यह ि या लगभग सौ बार करे और इसम थोड़ासा कपूर डालकर मला द। इस व ध ारा ा घी एक असरकारक औष ध म प रव तत हो जाता है जसे चा स ी हर चमरोगो ं म चम ा रक िक तरह से इ ेमाल कर सकते ह।ै यह सौराइ शस के लए भी कारगर ह।ै गाय का घी एक अ ा (LDL) कोले ॉल ह।ै उ कोले ॉल के रो गयो ं को गाय का घी ही खाना चािहए । यह एक ब त अ ा टॉ नक भी ह।ै अगर आप गाय के घी क कु छ बँ दू िदन म तीन बार, नाक म योग करगे तो यह दोष (वात प और कफ) को सं तु लत करता ह।ै वं दे गौमातरम।्।

DAIRY PLANNER | VOL. 14 | NO. - 05 | May 2017

PRESS RELEASE

It gives great pleasure to announce that

implement best technology for total

“ICE MAKE REFRIGERATION PVT. LTD.” has

cold chain solutions with energy

been awarded as “India SME 100 Award”. It

saving& environmental friendly

is a truly honour to be ranked among total 41832 nominations. It is awarded for scoring in the top 100 in the overall evaluation of Financial and Non-Financial Parameters for the year 2015-16. The award& Certiﬁcate was presented by Shri. Kalraj Mishra, Honourable

bring a dynamic change in commercial refrigeration market and also drive customer's proﬁtability through highly efﬁcient and effective value added product line.”

presence of Shri. Surendra Nath

This award is the word of mouth publicity of satisﬁed customers which has helped us not only to acquire new reference but also to capture a s i g n i ﬁ c a n t m a r ke t s h a re i n t h e industry.We are thankful to all our Valued Customers, Associates and wellwishers for their trust in ICE MAKE. We are also thankful to “The India SME Forum” for recognizing Ice Make.

Commissioner, Ministry of MSME, Govt. of India and Smt. Shikha Sharma, M.D & CEO, Axis Bank and other dignitaries. We are thrilled and energized about winning this prestigious award, Mr. Chandrakant PatelManaging Director of Ice Make said “our focus is to 05

services. I believe that time has come to

Minister of MSME, Govt. of India, in Tripathi, Addl. Secy and Development

products and excellent after sales

DAIRY PLANNER | VOL. 14 | NO. - 05 | May 2017

PRESS RELEASE

AVI MUMBAI CELEBRATED WORLD VETERINARY DAY 2017 On the Occasion of World Veterinary D a y ( 2 9 - 0 4 - 2 0 1 7 ) AV I M u m b a i organized a seminar on Entrepreneurship at Hotel Blue Roof Club ,Thane. Real life Entrepreneurship examples were shared by Dr. S.S Chousalkar (Exotic Mushrooms), Dr. C. N. Patil (Dair y Consultant) & Dr. Onkar Pawaskar( runs Chain of Pet Clinics, Pet Shops) . All the speakers suggested Vets to understand the needs of consumer, Livestock producers, and relevant stakeholders & than coming up practical solution for fulfilling the need. Mr.DilipDeshmukh( M.D.Innovative Forum ) made an insightful presentation on the topic Entrepreneurship in 21 century. Mr. Deshmukh emphasized on the significance of Entrepreneurship spirit for employees, & for new business starts up. He suggested participants to focus on I d e n t i fi c a t i o n of O p p o r t u n i t i e s , Mobilization of resources & to have Enlightened Leadership. This seminar was conducted byDr.Vijay

Makhija General Secretary AVI Mumbai. He shared the signiﬁcance of World Veterinary Day. He recognize the contribution of Veterinarians in ensuring Safe, Sustainable animal protein production & ensuring health, wellbeing of companion animals. Presidential address given by Dr. P. G. Phalke. He shared his insights on Theme of World Veterinary Day 2017. He encouraged Vets to join hands & work in collaborative manner. He assured participants for doing more number of events in coming future. Dr. Asim Benarjee appreciated the effor ts of organizing team & encouraged for more such events in coming future. Veterinarians around Thane and Mumbai city registered their presence. Vote of thanks done given by Dr. Sanjay K Latkar, Dr. Dakwale ,Dr. R a m d a s K a m b l e , D r. J a y a n t a Bhattcharya, Dr. Vishal Surveand Dr. Ganesh Gangale taken special efforts to make this event an success. The seminar was followed by Lunch.

DAIRY PLANNER | VOL. 14 | NO. - 05 | May 2017

PRESS RELEASE BUFFALO SEEKING NEW RELATIONSHIP NORMS WITH BUDDING COMMERCIAL DAIRY FARMER Last fortnight saw a lot of growth and progress in Indian dairy sector. A couple of happenings which made big news were as follows a.

Pepsi launching their ﬁbre based dairy beverage for breakfast under their coveted quaker oats brand on May 8 exactly after 6 months of demonetisation.

b. Dodla dairy getting good funding from investors c.

Heritage re launching their logo.

d. Amul premiumising the dair y segment holistically. e.

New label norms for printing picture of cow on milk , ghee and milk products.

2 minute test for milk adulteration @ Rs 60 using a magic strip.

g. New FSSAI norms for Ice factories which may make conventional cold chain of milk in India more hygienic. However the topic of discussion for this fortnight has more to do with too much of ethnocentrism which has been developed around Cow in our country. Mr Sodhi from Amul had a valid deliberation on this subject last week. Dairy farming has been treated as a part time vocation by most of the farmers in the country and at commercial scale it has never been considered a true farming activity. Most of the peri urban buffalo farms in the country which fetches maximum value addition due to high fat and healthy perception of buffalo milk, have always thrived mostly on industrial wastes along with dry

fodder on one hand ,and rotation of dry animals till they become pregnant on the other hand. Since 2011, we have seen a lot of traction in dairy farming business and in most of the cases the young entrepreneurs were looking at Cross bred cows as their first choice. The reasons were quiet judicious due to high productivity and better key performance indicators, in terms of age at first calving, inter-calving period and longevity of lactation for animal to be in milk. Commercial dairy farms with cross bred cows are also the first choice of entrepreneurs as it gives a better perceptual feeling of being high tech in nature. The changing dynamics at socio cultural level in the country, has put a lot of pressure on understanding the future of cross breed cows farming in India ( primarily due to lack of clarity in communication by the government on its policies about these exotic breeds). Desi cows seems to be the best option as on date due to much of consumer awareness and support statements by various stakeholders (like the respectable Chief minister of UP has announced a long term perspective on making cows farming sustainable in their state through their Kamdhenu scheme) in last fortnight only. However due to strict enforcement on cow slaughtering ,and untoward incident by some culprits for cows in transit has created a shocking situation for the cow lovers as well as farmers. Under the current scenario, thus ,we

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feel that Buffalo is emerging as a right choice for our country for dairy farming and sustainability. Now its high time for the think tank of Indian dairy sector, like ministries and Neeti Ayog to develop a long term plan for buffalo farm development in the countr y by identifying the critical areas of genetic improvement, cattle health , nutritional programs, conser vation and production of high quality semen, developing a large inventory of quality bulls and supporting semen station or even embryo transfer for quick results. The government could also see controlled use of certain growth hormones which are harmless to life by setting usage protocol and product approvals through FDA, using most s t r i n g e n t s t a n d a rd s a s d o n e i n developed world like USA etc. Such initiative might also make moderate to high yielding desi cows also to perform better and thus becoming sustainable. This is high time for the country to identify a new relationship with buffalo, like it has been for cow since ages. Unlike cow who is being treated as mother, a buffalo does not even enjoy the status of being an aunt, even though the outcome is the same Milk (and that too with slightly higher fat). With over 50 % of milk from buffalo, it is most acceptable taste wise in most part of the country and could be a good source for making value added products with better conversions, in products like cheese, panir, butter, ghee etc.

In India’s most preferred Dairy Magazines

INR 100

HARBIL/2004/22481

Year.13 | Issue - 12 | December-2016

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DAIRY PLANNER | VOL. 14 | NO. - 05 | May 2017

NEWS Drought-affected dairy farmers in Karnataka have another worry: Aadhaar

he Karnataka govt declared that only farmers who have a fodder ration booklet will be given subsidised fodder, a lifeline for the dairy farmers battling a crippling shortage in cattle food, In the hinterlands of Karnataka that is battling a third successive drought year and increasingly parched lands, farmers have a new worry: Aadhaar, The state government has declared that only farmers who have a fodder ration booklet will be given subsidised fodder, a lifeline for tens of thousands of people in a region battling a crippling shortage in cattle food, But to be issued the booklet, where details of rationed fodder is entered, one needs to have the 12-digit biometric identity number that has run into a storm of criticism across the nation, The local veterinary doctor certiﬁes the number of cattle each farmer owns and we are then given a booklet that contains these details,” Narayanappa, an octogenarian farmer in the drought-ravaged Kolar district, said. On producing the booklets, farmers are eligible to buy 5kg of fodder per animal per day at Rs 2 per kg at makeshift fodder banks set up across the district, But often that's not enough. Demand for fodder outstrips supply by more than 80 times and on most

occasions Narayanappa gets half the daily dose of fodder that he needs, that too only thrice a week. All his five cows are star ving, Chennakeshavaiah, deputy director of animal husbandry in the district, said Aadhaar authentication was made mandatory to check malpractice. “We had to authenticate the booklets and decided that Aadhaar was the best way, The biometric identification project has run into controversy with mounting data breaches and complaints of malfunctioning. But the government has continued to expand its usage, even making it mandatory for filing income tax and PAN, The Supreme Court has repeatedly asked the government to not make Aadhaar mandatory for welfare schemes – this order, activists say, has been violated in Karnataka by making the 12-digit number necessary for subsidised fodde, The Supreme Court has unambiguously stated that Aadhaar cannot be made mandatory for any scheme till the Constitution Bench disposes off the petitions challenging Aadhaar,” said advocate Clifton Rosario, A sweeping change in crop pattern and drying lakes and rivers has sent groundwater levels plunging, and cattle starving across the state – hurting the profitable dairy industry. Many farmers are hanging onto the subsidised fodder scheme for sustenance, Other farmers say there w a s r a m pa n t c o r r u p t i o n i n t h e

PMK Urges Govt to Prevent Cattle Deaths

he PMK (Pattali Makkal Katchi), a political party, has urged the Tamil Nadu government to implement drought mitigation measures to prevent cattle deaths, Nearly 300 cattle reportedly died in Salem due to shortage of water and fodder and farmers even in other drought-hit districts were struggling to feed their cattle, according to The New Indian Express, If the situation prolonged, Tamil Nadu might lose more animals to

distribution of fodder, despite the Aadhaar authentication, Each taluk has only one fodder bank and those who stay in villages near these banks have been able to corner most of the fodder that is sold,” Ram Reddy, who own 10 heads of cattle in Belamaranahalli village, said,As it is, fodder is only available about three days a week, he said, The district has around 276,000 heads of cattle, of which around 165,000 are milch animals, C h e n n a ke s n h a va i a h s a i d . O t h e r attempts to help mitigate the situation, too, had fallen short, farmers said. The state government had built goshalas (shelter s) across the state as a temporary measure to help dairy farmers. In Kolar, the goshala had to be closed because farmers did not want it, The goshala was not popular with farmers because we don't want to leave our cattle there, Reddy said, KA Eeranna, another farmer in Belamaranahalli said, farmers demanded that the goshala be closed and the district administration sell fodder directly to farmers instead. “We wanted access to fodder and not a shelter for the cattle, he said. drought and this will create an i r re pa r a b l e i m pa c t o n f a r m e r s ’ livelihood,” said PMK’s youth wing secretary Anbumani Ramadoss, In his ofﬁcial statement on Thursday, he urged authorities concerned to ensure that cattle feed reached the affected areas soon. SUBSCRIBE TODAY

DAIRY PLANNER Contact.. 999-170-5007

DAIRY PLANNER | VOL. 14 | NO. - 05 | May 2017

NEWS Dodla Dairy secures $50 mn from TPG Growth

yderabad-headquartered Dodla Dairy Ltd has raised Rs 321 crore ($50 million) from TPG Growth, in what could be largest private equity deal in the dairy sector, TPG Growth is the growth equity and mid-market buyout fund of US-based private equity firm TPG Capital Inc, The transaction was routed through the Rise Fund, the PE firm’s global social impact fund, a company spokesperson said, The investment in Dodla, which is subject to regulatory approval, will be Rise’s first in the food and agriculture sector, and the first in an Indian company, she said, Dodla is well-positioned to capitalise on growth trends. It has a strong management team, an established presence in local markets, and an expanding selection of products. We look forward to working with Dodla to

enhance its brand and grow its platform,” Vish Narain, partner at TPG Growth, said in a statement, The Rise Fund was launched in December and has a target corpus of $2 billion. It primarily seeks to invest in education, energy, food and agriculture, financial services, healthcare, technology, media, and telecommunications sectors, We are excited to partner with the Rise F u n d t o e x t e n d o u r re a c h a n d accelerate our growth,said Dodla cofounder Sunil Reddy, he Economic Times reported that the deal involved a secondary component and TPG will be owning a significant minority stake in Dodla after the transaction,US-based investment firm Proterra Investment Partners, formerly Black River Asset Management, was looking to sell its 23% stake in Dodla Dairy, and had mandated investment bank Edelweiss to scout for potential buyers,Proterra had purchased the stake for Rs 110 crore five years ago, It was, however, not immediately clear whether Proterra has sold its stake in the latest transaction, Dodla Dairy, which was launched by D

HFL to Enter Into JV with European Dairy Firm

yderabad-based Heritage Foods Limited (HFL) has announced that it is in the process of entering into a Joint Venture (JV) with an European dairy ﬁrm for manufacturing and marketing yogurt in India, Brahmani Nara, Executive Director, Heritage Foods also said the company aims to achieve $ 1 billion in the next ﬁve years from now. Heritage clocked Rs 2380 crore revenue in FY 16. The Economic Times reports that this year's results are yet to be announced, Being the leading player in curd segment, the company is going to launch varied products in Yogurt market, by tying up with its international partner. In continuation to this, the company is going to launch new products very soon in beverages segment. This will further strengthen the current large portfolio of value 19

added products, Ms Nara said, The negotiations are in the final stage with an European company and will be finalised in a month," Ms Nara told reporters here when asked about the road map for achieving Rs 6000 crore ($ 1 billion) target in next five years, The company (Heritage) with footprints in 15 states has plans to enter newer markets soon. It also has plans to set up five milk processing units across the country with an investment outlay of Rs 150 crore, she fur ther said, HFL currently handles 1.4 million litres of milk per day, Staying true to the company's mission to reach Rs 6000 crore or US$1 billion in revenues by 2022, the company along with its core business vertical of milk also aims to further enhance the contribution of value-added products from current 24

Sesha Reddy and D Sunil Reddy in 1995, sells milk and milk products across south India, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat and West Bengal, According to the company, nearly 900,000 litres of milk and six tonnes of milk products ar sold every day through more than 50,000 outlets. It sources milk from 250,000 farmer across 7,000 villages, In July 2016, India’s largest private dairy firm by revenues, Kwality Ltd, had raised Rs 520 crore from alternative investment giant Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co Ltd in a structured finance transaction to boost its consumer facing business, TPG Growth have struck a string of healthcare deals in India last year. It was planning to acquire a minority stake in Mumbai-based Surya Mother & Child Care Super Speciality Hospital for Rs 80-100 crore, Earlier, it had backed Rhea Healthcare Pvt. Ltd, which runs a chain of mother- and child-care hospitals under the Motherhood brand. The PE firm had also pumped in money in C a n c e r Tr e a t m e n t S e r v i c e s International, an India- and South Asiafocused cancer care provider. per cent to 40 per cent in the next five years she further explained, Heritage had already made inroads into western markets like Pune and Mumbai besides Northern market. The management is confident of achieving these numbers by both organic and inorganic growth, she said, As a part of an inorganic expansion, the company had recently acquired the dairy business of Reliance Retail, making Heritage Foods a panIndia player, Heritage Foods - a company promoted by the family members of Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister N Chandrababu Naidu manufactures and markets a full line of dairy products including fresh milk, curd, butter milk, lassi, ice-cream, paneer (cottage cheese), butter, ghee, milk powder, flavoured milk, milk sweets and UHT milk and dair y whitener. DAIRY PLANNER | VOL. 14 | NO. - 05 | May 2017

NEWS Domestic players agree to First Vietnamese Milk Firm Approved for Exports to China promote Indian milch cattle, iet Nam's largest dairy firm We are eager to serve the Chinese dairy products among Asian Vinamilk has got the green- customers with our finest products," a countries light to officially export its milk representative of Vinamilk's external

omestic players in the dairy industry have agreed to exchange their best practices, technical knowhows, promote Indian milch animal breeds and dairy products among Asian countries. The consensus for cooperation in this areas emerged at the domestic stakeholders meeting which was organised by the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) in milk city Anand on Monday, The purpose of the meeting was to introduce Dairy Asia platform to the Indian stakeholders and encourage them to join the platform for exchange of knowledge and best practices among the 13 partner nations of South Asia who are presently member of Dairy Asia, The meeting was attended by around 50 participants from across the country representing state level dairy federations from Gujarat, Haryana, Punjab and Karnataka among others, milk producer companies, academic institutions, NGOs and experts from NDDB and its subsidiaries, NDDB chairman Dilip Rath said that since the South Asian countries have much in common, the most important being most countries have small holder production system, a platform such as Dairy Asia can help in fostering a regional cooperation and help each other in mitigating certain challenges such as climate change. He also said that Dairy Asia will have great symbolic strength and give stronger voice to Asian countries at international dairy forums. It is worth mentioning here that globally, International Dairy Federation (IDF), a non-proﬁt private sector organization set up in 1903, is the platform of various stakeholders in dairying. Indian Dairy Association is the apex body of dairy industry in the country. 20

products to China, the company told Xinhua on Wednesday, During the president's Chinese visit, we signed a Memorandum of Understanding with Chinese ﬁrms to supply the products in the neighboring market," Vinamilk's spokesperson said, Agreements on facilitating imports of Vietnamese farm p ro d u c t s , i n c l u d i n g m i l k , i s a n important achievement of President Tran Dai Quang's visit to China from 11 May to 15 May, Vietnamese Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Le Hoai Trung told local media earlier this wee,

affairs department told Xinhua, With Vinamilk's granted access, General Secretary of the Vietnamese Dairy Association Vu Ngoc Quynh optimistically viewed that more ﬁrms can achieve the same success, Now the longawaited door has opened, it's time for local enterprises to strive toward Chinese market entrance criteria," said Mr Quynh, Vinamilk is Viet Nam's No 1 dairy ﬁrm and one of the world's 50 largest milk companies in terms of revenue. In 2016, its export turnover stood at some $258 million.

Study Analyses Foods for Radioactive Substances

ermany Even though radiation emitting radioactive elements like uranium are only contained in small quantities in food, their chemical properties and radioactivity could pose a risk if they are ingested over a longer period in higher concentrations, says BfR President Professor Andreas Hensel, The actual risk is now being assessed within the scope of the cooperation with the BfS, explains Dr Hensel,In this way,the BfS and BfR will jointly obtain more data for risk assessment, Humans cannot perceive or feel radiation with their senses, says Wolfram König, President of the Federal Ofﬁce for Radiation Protection, so people must have valid and reliable data, which we provide. This joint study should help us gain a better understanding of possible or negligible risks and enable us to compare and classify them, In the BfR MEAL Study, the BfR is examining foods for the ﬁrst time in Germany for various substances such as nutrients, heavy metals and food additives in order to determine the mean concentrations of these substances in the average human die, Of the foods already prepared in the

kitchen of the BfR MEAL study in typical home-cooked fashion, the BfS is given selected samples to examine for various natural radionuclides such as uranium, radium-226, radium-228 and lead-210, The background of this is that natural radionuclides can occur in different concentrations and combinations in rock a n d m i n e r a l s e v e r y w h e re i n t h e environment, which means that they can also be contained in foods, The selection of the foods by the BfS is based on the National Nutrition Study II and covers above all cereal products, vegetables, potatoes, dairy produce, meat and ﬁsh. The BfS analyses various radioactive elements in the food samples and will make dosage estimations for the general public on the basis of the test results, The BfR MEAL Study was commissioned by the Federal Ministr y of Food and Agriculture (BMEL). It is set to run for seven years and will essentially take into account the entire range of food consumed in Germany.The goal is to gain information for the ﬁrst time in Germany about the concentrations of various substances contained in the foods eaten by consumers. DAIRY PLANNER | VOL. 14 | NO. - 05 | May 2017

NEWS Unchanged Nitrogen Loss from Dairy Farms

he dairy industry's year-three report on its commitment to mitigating the environmental impact of farming shows it has achieved six of 13 goals that were set out in 2013 but hasn't yet made a dent in nitrogen loss, underlining the long-term nature of the task of improving waterways, Nitrogen leaching in the 2015/16 year was a national average 39 kilograms of n i t ro g e n p e r h e c t a re p e r y e a r, unchanged from the previous year. Of the 13 regions surveyed using the Overseer computer modelling system, seven actually had an increase in nutrient loss, the worst being C a n te r b u r y, w h i c h c l i m b e d t o 6 4 kg/N/ha/year from a 50 kg N / h a / ye a r ro l l i n g average for 2013/14 and 2014/15. Otago has the s e c o n d - w o r s t deterioration, with an increase to 39 kg N/ha/year from 33 kg N/ha/year, That particular data has to be taken with a grain of salt because both Canterbur y and Otago regions provided more irrigation data for the latest survey, which bumped up their nitrogen loss measure, while a more sophisticated version of Overseer was employed and there were likely changes on individual farms. A total of 9,516 farms nationwide were sampled for the 2015/16 season, Nitrogen loss will take longer and in some cases it's going to get worse before it gets better," DairyNZ acting chair Alister Body told BusinessDesk after a brieﬁng in Wellington for the release of the report. He said the lack of improvement in nitrogen loss reﬂected changes to Overseer which masked what he 21

believed had been "real progress, Of the 13 goals, only two of the six goals achieved related to the latest season riparian guidelines were completed for all regions by 31 May 2016, and for the 2015/16 season, all new dair y conversions complied with environmental standards before milk supply commenced, Of the others, four goals missed their deadlines; 100 percent stock exclusion of all wetlands identiﬁed by a regional council as at 31 May 2012 by 31 May 2014, was marked as still in progress; a target for 50 per cent of dairy farms with waterways to have a riparian management plan by 31

May 2016, was missed, with only 27 per cent reached, A deadline of having nutrient management data collected from 100 per cent of farms by 31 May 2015, was missed, with 83 per cent of farms reached; a target of nitrogen loss and nitrogen conversion efﬁciency performance information reported back to 85 per cent of dairy farms by 30 November 2014, was missed, with 83 per cent achieved, Dairy farmers have been on the defensive because of campaigns from environmental groups and as well as taking positive steps such as fencing off and planting waterways. The sector's lobby groups and biggest

participant, Fonterra Cooperative Group, have gone on the offensive pointing to dirty urban waterways and the role of city folk on one hand, while making efforts to reconnect with those same people on the basis that they've lost contact with the reality of farming, Dairy farmers are certainly feeling pressure from public opinion," Mr Body said. That's why they're keen now to "tell their story. I don't think we've been very good at that in the past, Minister for Primary Industries Nathan Guy was on hand to help the cause at today's brieﬁng, saying the "fantastic numbers" in the report meant it was "a day about celebration, He praised the voluntary efforts of farmers including 26,197 kilometres of new fencing since the Sustainable Dairying: Water Accord was announced while adding that urbanisation and industrial waste was part of the problem and it was "pointless to play the blame game, Dair yNZ chief executive Tim Mackle was asked by Federated Farmers president William Rolleston if he agreed with "greenie groups" that New Zealand actually needed to reduce the national dairy herd, He replied: "I'm an optimist. I believe we can have our cake and eat it. I believe that science can offer us solutions." The nation shouldn't rush to a conclusion that there were too many dairy cows, His acting chair, Mr Body, added: "Fewer animals and greater protection for the environment is the better way," while Mr Guy said it wasn't a question of a moratorium of dairy cows but a catchment by catchment issue. DAIRY PLANNER | VOL. 14 | NO. - 05 | May 2017

NEWS PepsiCo plans foray into dairy market

epsiCo India, the maker of Quaker oats, Lays chips and Pepsi Cola, is looking to enter the country's growing dairy market, With consumption of carbonated soft drinks such as colas going down, the company is keen to increase the share of healthy products in its portfolio, While growth has remained muted (low single digit) in the Rs 14,000-crore domestic soft drinks market, the dairy segment, pegged at around Rs 99,000 crore, has grown by 13% in 2016 over 2015, according to Euromonitor, We are deﬁnitely looking at dair y, especially value-added products,said Vipul Prakash,senior

vice-president of beverages category at PepsiCo India, But it won't be just ﬂavoured milk, PepsiCo's rival Coca Cola had forayed into the diar y segment last year with ready-to-drink ﬂavoured milk Vio, However, it failed to take off, PepsiCo India's largest bottler Ravi Jaipuria, who also sells Cream Bell ice-cream, is betting on the dairy market with value-added products, Prakash acknowledged that sales of soft drinks have been slowing down in the country, He attributed it to the maturing of the domestic beverage market,I would be worried if the size of t h e b e ve r a g e m a r ke t h a d b e e n

shrinking, said Prakash, But that is not the case,A consumer has more choice today than what he had a few years ago, so he may be picking up products other than a sparkling beverage to satiate his drinking needs at different times during the day,Sales of value-added dairy products including lassi and buttermilk have been steadily growing, according to market researcher Nielsen. While volumes of health-based dairy drinks have increased by 30%, soft drinks have grown by only 10% in June 2016 over June 2014,Store base has also increased by 60% for dairy drinks in the same period compared with 10% for soft drinks, said Nielsen.

Dodla Dairy raises $50 million from TPG Capital arm

odla Dairy Ltd has secured $50million (about Rs321 crore) in funding from TPG Growth, the growth-capital fund of US private equity firm TPG Capital Inc according to a press statement,The transaction was routed through TPG Growth-managed Rise Fund, which invests in the education, energy, food and agriculture, financial services and healthcare sectors. Rise Fund’s investment in Hyderabad-based Dodla Dairy is its first in India, as well as in the food and agriculture sector, Joy Basu leads the food and agriculture sector team at Rise Fund, The deal is subject to regulatory approvals. The company did not provide any information on how much stake TPG has picked up in Dodla Dairy, Mint had reported in March this year, citing unidentified people, that TPG Growth is set to buy a 25% equity stake in Dodla Dairy from US-based investment firm Proterra Investment Partners (formerly Black River Asset Management) in a deal worth Rs300

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crore, Black River Capital Partners (Food) Fund had acquired the stake in Dodla Dairy for Rs110 crore in 2012, Mint had also reported in May last year that Proterra had started discussions with private equity ﬁrms to sell its stake in Dodla Dairy and appointed Edelweiss Financial Services to run the sale process, It could not be immediately ascertained whether TPG bought the stake from Proterra in the latest transaction. Queries emailed to Dodla Dairy and TPG Growth did not elicit any response, Mint had reported in March this year that several private equity (PE) funds, including Tata Opportunities Fund, had shown interest in Dodla Dairy and discussions had taken place, Proterra Investment Partners was also in talks with global and domestic PE funds Temasek, Kedaara, Multiples and ADV Partners to sell its stake in Dodla Dairy, The Economic Times re p o r te d i n N o v e m b e r, I n d i a ’s d a i r y consumption has been experiencing robust growth,fuelled by urbanization,increasing incomes, and health consciousness among consumers,said Vish Narain, partner at TPG Growth, Dodla is well-positioned to capitalize on these growth trends. It has a strong management team, an established presence in local markets, and an expanding selection of products,We look forward to

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working with Dodla to enhance its brand and grow its platform, he added, Founded in 1998 by ﬁrst-generation entrepreneur Sunil Reddy of Nellore in Andhra Pradesh, Dodla Dairy procures and processes fresh milk to sell dairy products across 66 regions in south India. The company sources milk from 250,000 farmers across 7,000 villages every day of the year, It works with more than 3,000 distributors across nine states and its products are sold by more than 50,000 retail outlets across the country, Demand for milk is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 5% to 200 million tonnes in 2022 from 138 million tonnes in 2014, according to the National Dair y Development Board, In order to tap the growing market, private equity and strategic investors have been actively investing in the Indian dairy sector over the last couple of years. TPG Growth, an active investor in the Indian consumer space, owns a controlling stake in Bengaluru-based Rhea Healthcare Pvt. Ltd, which operates a network of mother and child care centres in India under the Motherhood brand, surgical equipment maker Sutures India Pvt. Ltd and India-focused cancer treatment chain Cancer Treatment Services International, Other investments by include Lenskart, an online eyewear retailer.

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NEWS Change Goa Dairy administration, say farmers

airy farmers, associated with Goa Dairy, on Friday, demanded for a change in administration owing to losses incurred by the company, They said that the graph of Goa Dairy had been on a decline for the past ﬁve years and the loss kept increasing, Goa Dairy has a huge staff of nearly 400 persons, salaries of which amount to over Rs 1 crore per month. Maintaining the cattle

feed plant is also a loss-making venture as it takes Rs 2.5 crores approximately per year for maintenance. Goa Dairy should hand it over to the government for maintenance,said dairy farmers, Dairy farmers also condemned Goa Dairy's failure to control farmers' societies from joining their rival, Sumul. They pointed out that there aren't enough schemes running from Goa

Dairy's end for the farmers and most of them are at the mercy of government's various schemes for their survival, Many customers have complained about the quality of Goa Dairy's milk and even the Food and Drugs Administration (FDA) has shown many shortfalls in Goa dairy's procurement and processing, they said Speaking on their behalf,dairy farmer Shivanand Bakre said that a change in the administration of Goa Dairy was the need of the hour.

India fails to export cheese to Russia despite nod from relevant authority

espite signing ofﬁcial protocol for imports and inspections of dairy processing plants with Russia during the last two years, India is yet to formally begin sending shipments to the biggest global importer of cheese. S o u rc e s t o l d F E t h a t f o l l o w i n g inspection of a number of dair y processing plants belonging to private sector and dairy cooperatives in India, Russian phyto-sanitar y authority Rosselkhoznadzor has given a nod for import of cheese from private sector milk processors Parag Milk Foods and Schreiber Dynamix, However, two years after European Union (EU), Australia and USA imposed sanctions on Russia, following the annexation of Crimea, the exports of dairy products from India is yet to resume. Citing ‘procedural issues’, commerce ministry ofﬁcials said that they would ask government to approach Russian government to resume cheese exports from India. A year ago, an import protocol was signed with Russia’s Federal Service for Ve t e r i n a r y a n d P h y t o - S a n i t a r y Surveillance and Indian authorities on modalities of dairy products imports. 23

Following the restrictions imposed on Russia on imports of dairy products from Europe two years ago, alongwith the economic sanctions levied by European countries, Russia has been importing cheese from Belarus, Ukraine and other CIS countries, Meanwhile, industry sources said that domestic cheese price is at least 20% to 30% more than what is prevailing in EU and the US, thus making India’s dairy products exports not viable. The domestic price of cheese is around $5 per kg in EU and in US, prices are in the range of $3.5 to $4 per kg, We have lost crucial time during last two years, thus lost the price advantage enjoyed then,At present exporting cheese to Russia may not be viable in the current scenario,a leading private sector dairy player said,Russia’s annual cheese consumption is estimated around 2.3 lakh tone, Rosselkhoznadzor had initially approved imports from those Indian farms with at least 1,000 cattle under one ownership. Only Parag and Schreiber Dynamix could meet these norms as the country’s biggest diary cooperative – Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation (GCMMF) — popularly known as AMUL, operates through cooperative model where cattles are owned by small farmers. Subsequently, Russian authorities relaxed this norm, India is the world’s largest producer of milk, besides being a big exporter of buffalo meat and marine products. However, exports to

Russia have been mostly limited to tea, coffee, guar gum and processed fruit and vegetables, Besides Russia, Agricultural and Processed Food Expor ts Development Authority (APEDA) is also working towards increasing dairy products exports to neigh-bouring milk-deﬁcit countries like Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. Most of these countries have imposed high import duties on dairy products.

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NEWS TPG Growth puts $50 million of Rise fund into Dodla dairy

PG Growth, a private equity firm with stakes in Uber and Airbnb, has invested $50 million in Dodla Dairy through the Rise Fund, its global social impact fund, This is the $2 billion Rise Fund's first investment in India after it was set up in December. “The deal involves largely a secondar y component. We will own significant minority stake in the company post the deal,” said Vish Narain, a partner at TPG Growth, US-based investment firm Proterra Investment Partners was looking at selling its 23 per cent stake in Dodla Dair y and had mandated investment bank Edelweiss to look for a buyer, ET was the first to report on November 29. Proterra, formerly Black River Asset Management, purchased the stake for Rs 110 crore in 2012, H y d e r a b a d - b a s e d D o d l a D a i r y, founded in 1998, procures, processes and sells milk and milk products across 66 regions in south India and Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat and West Bengal, The company was founded by Sunil

Reddy of the Dodla family of Nellore. According to the company website, it sells about 900,000 litres of milk and six tonnes of milk products every day through more than 50,000 outlets. Almost all of Dodla's milk is procured locally from smallholder farmers. The company sources milk from 250,000

farmer across 7,000 villages every day, The idea of delivering change, coupled with the mission of driving the business s u c c e s s f u l l y, re s o n a t e s w i t h entrepreneurs. We are seeing even more inbound interest in the Rise Fund from entrepreneurs than we had expected,” said Bill McGlashan, co-

founder of the Rise Fund, The founders board includes Richard Branson. India's dairy sector continues to attract private equity and strategic investors who see a huge opportunity in the growing milk and milk products market, According to the National Dairy Development Board, demand for milk in India is expected to grow to 200 million tonnes in 2022. The Rise Fund is managed by TPG Growth, the growth equity and middle market buyout fund of global alternative asset firm TPG, The fund focuses on investments in education, energy, food and agriculture, financial services, growth infrastructure, healthcare, and technology, media, and telecommunications, India has more dair y farmers than any other country and is the world's largest and fastest-growing producer of milk. Yet, many small farmers who produce that milk do not have access to the basic tools and networks necessary to sustainably and reliably generate profits. As a result, most of India's smallholders are only earning a few dollars a day, surviving on the brink of poverty, McGlashan added.

Temperature Pushes Up Prices of Eggs, Milk and Poultry

n the last few days, Puneites have indeed been feeling the pinch of the soaring temperature, this time on their pockets, With the harsh summer set to take a toll on the production of most agro-based commodities, prices of basic items such as milks, eggs and chicken have shown a noticeable increase, Market watchers have not ruled out a further price escalation, April was a turbulent time for the poultry industry as the ban on alcohol had taken a toll on sale and consumption of chicken, reports Indian Express,The industry had recorded a 40 per cent dip in consumption due to the ban and prices had also nosedived in the ﬁrst two weeks of April, However, prices have increased since then with the farm gate price price at which 24

farmers sell their produce of a 1 kg bird in Pune touching Rs 80; in April, the average recorded price was Rs 70 per kg, Prasanna Pedgaonkar, deputy general manager of Venkateshwara Hatcheries Private Limited, said high

temperatures have taken a toll on production,Currently, production is down by 15-20 per cent, which is a normal summer phenomenon,he said, Mr Pedgaonkar said another reason for the price rise was because of the auto-

correction in declining demand. “The fall in sales due to the alcohol ban is a thing of the past and the market has corrected itself,he said, The price of eggs has also increased, with the price of a single egg trading at Rs 3.16 on May 4, as against Rs 2.98 on April 27, The dairy industry in Maharashtra had also reported a 20 per cent shortage earlier this year. Vivek Ksheersagar, managing director of the Pune District Cooperative Milk Producers Union and proprietor of the brand Katraj, said the shortage continues to plague the sector, However, Rajiv Mitra, managing director of Satara-based Govind Milk and Milk Products Limited, which markets dairy products under the Govind brand, was optimistic that the shortage in milk will ease out in 5-6 weeks. DAIRY PLANNER | VOL. 14 | NO. - 05 | May 2017

NEWS India should embrace dry dairy model to end illegal cow slaughter, benefit rural economies

ows and bovines in general are the most contentious animals in India. G ro u p s l i n ke d to H i n d u i s m a re spiritually and sentimentally connected with the cow and its progeny while for others the animal is best used for milk, meat and leather. The problem with the argument on both sides is that neither is based on science, environmental research or the animal rights, argument that here is an animal that, at the end of her milk giving years is rewarded with slaughter, The tragedy of the situation is that in the middle of these two factions, the conditions of bovines in India remains deplorable. The reality these animals face is grim; they are kept in dairies for most of their lives. These dairies afford the animals little room to move, they are artiﬁcially inseminated by untrained individuals, have their calves taken away from them within minutes of being born and when they no longer give milk , proceed for slaughter. There are also those who are abandoned on the streets and live off the charity of vegetable vendors or forage out of garbage. Stray cattle, as every urban Indian knows, constitute a huge nuisance for municipal authorities. The Indian Council for Agricultural Research has a composite solution to the entire issue by way of setting up dry dairies which provide an earned retirement for the animals, livelihoods in the rural sector, opportunity for creation and collection of biogas and vermin-compost. However, these are not in use even in BJP-ruled states, Most people believe erroneously that bovines continuously “give” milk. Bovines like all mammals, lactate when they have an offspring. This is the reason why most bovines are continuously impregnated. A cow/buffalo is impregnated and carries 25

the calf for nine months. Within twothree short months of the birth of the calf, the cow/buffalo is impregnated again. This impregnation is done by artificial insemination which is a major veterinary intervention into a vital organ. Unqualified and ill-trained livestock supervisors insert their bare hands into a cows/buffaloes uterus. This gives the animal infections, severe pain and cramps. The cow/buffalo is lactating through her entire pregnancy and the milk is collected and used for human consumption. To let the milk down, dairy owners give the animals a daily injection of oxytocin – a hormone which causes labour pains and the milk begins to flow. Oxytocin is a hormone

and has an irreversible and severe impact on the animal as well as on humans if administered without a medical reason. Most calves are useless to the dairy industry and discarded for slaughter. Sometimes the young calf perishes within a few hours of being separated from the mother. To make use of the dead body, the head of the calf is severed and kept in front of the lactating cow or buffalo so that the animal continues to lactate. Dairy animals are not given space to move and stand in the same space for the four to ﬁve years that they are able to give milk. Once they stop lactating enough

to make them economically viable to the industry, they are sent for slaughter, Dry dairies - A solution, Cows, buffaloes and bulls are extremely useful for India’s a g r a r i a n e c o n o m y. T h e y h a v e tremendous ecological and economical value while alive. If sent for slaughter, it is only the butcher and exporter who make money out of these animals. Since most of the slaughter is illegal, the proceeds generally go into funding criminal activities. This is well documented and has been discussed at several credible forums including the Observer Research Foundation. If kept alive and used for production of vermicompost and biogas, the entire village economy stands to gain. This concept has been articulated recently by the Indian Council for Agricultural Research in its report, 'Dry Dairy Units Management and Utilization of Unproductive Cattle of India'. India has the second largest cattle population in the world. According to the last Livestock Census conducted in 2012, India possesses a total of 190 million cattle. This same census has shown that 5.29 million cattle are stray and live on the streets, The concept of dry dairy farming uses traditional methodologies for composting cow dung into manure, creation of biogas, preparation of biopesticides from cow urine and other innovative ecological initiatives. This module presents India with an opportunity to be the world’s ﬁrst organic nation. It beneﬁts society via skill development, employment, the availability of organic manure and green energy. It helps the animals by providing them with an earned retirement. It is essentially a win-win solution for all stakeholders. Dry dairies are spaces where bovines who can no longer lactate enough and male calves DAIRY PLANNER | VOL. 14 | NO. - 05 | May 2017

Cows may seem like simple creatures - most of us have seen them grazing with seemingly not a care in the world. Well, there's more to these ruminants than meets the eye. Here are 20 facts you probably haven't heard about cows:

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can be kept, given a sustenance diet and they can fuel the village, its fertilizer requirement and take India towards an organic future. It involves the creation of biogas plants and vermicompost pits to make sure that the energy requirements and fertilizer needs are sustainably met. It is a futuristic and scientific solution rooted in our culture. The dry dairy model presents an innovative solution in which the state and the animals greatly benefit, Many states in India are currently facing drought-like situations, namely Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, J h a r k h a n d , B i h a r, H a r y a n a a n d Chhattisgarh. The utilisation of chemical fertilizers on these lands only exacerbates the problems faced by the farmers as these chemicals dry the land and make farming in the future much harder. The chemical fertiliser industry is worth over Rs 70,000 crores and stands to be hit by this model. Vermicompost is sold for Rs 200 to Rs 500 for 10 kgs this price can be brought down hugely and it can be made available to the average farmer. Much like Sikkim, every state can go organic. Much can be said about the health benefits to the average citizen who today for lack of options consumes food that has been grown with chemical fertilizers, Our reliance on fossil fuels is causing huge environmental degradation. The case against fossil fuels has been tried and won and yet fossil fuels are in rampant use. In India, there is tremendous potential for biogas utilisation. The dry dairy report estimates that based on the availability of dung from 304 million cattle in India, over 18,240 million cubic meter of biogas can be generated annually. This biogas generation can

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fuel street lights or gas cylinders of entire villages, This must not be left to non-government organisations or gaushalas who are underfunded and not as well organised as the government to achieve. The only way to sustainably connect bovines to organic farming and prevent illegal slaughter and smuggling of cows is for the government to make 'cattle camps' based on the dry dairy model, for every cluster of villages. These cattle camps can sell their produce to the d e pa r t m e n t of a g r i c u l t u re a t a minimum support price and use a part of the proceeds to feed the animals and for maintenance of these camps. Unless the dry dairy model is institutionalised, it will be near impossible to provide vermicompost, biogas and prevent illegal slaughter and smuggling of animals no matter how noble the government thinks their intentions are, When industries that pollute have been held accountable for the pollution that they cause by the Supreme Court by way of the “polluter pays” principle, why should the dairy industry be allowed to go scot-free and not take ownership for the male calves and cows/buffaloes once they have outlived their utility? BJP-led governments have recently imposed more stringent Animal Preservation/Cow Protection Acts in Gujarat, Maharashtra and Haryana. Most states in India have a prohibition on the slaughter of cows and bullocks but no state has a plan for what can be done with these animals when they are no longer useful to the dairy industry. The dry dairy model has offered a solution with potential now and it remains to be seen whether states take this seriously and actually implement it to beneﬁt village economies at scale.

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