POULTRY PLANNER - JULY 2019 by PIXIE CONSULTING SOLUTIONS LTD.

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VOL. 21 | No. 7 | JULY - 2019

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Calculator to Optimise Choline Usage in Feed

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From the Editor’s Desk Attention towords the Poultry Industry of India

OUR TEAM Vishal Rai Gupta Managing Director vishal@pixie.co.in Bhavana Gupta Editor-in-Chief

Siddhi Gupta Co-Editor

N.K. Gupta General Manager pcslkarnal@gmail.com

Aparna Mehmi Marketing Manager poultry.pcsl@gmail.com M: 999 170 5007

HONORARY EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Mr. G.K. Rathinam Palani Tk, Dindugul Dist, Tamilnadu Dr. J Tamizhkumaran

The situation has deteriorated to the point where India has now transformed from a major producer to importer of chicken and chicken products, including eggs. In the face of all these difficulties, it is very encouraging to know that there are some local entreoreneurs who are still engaged in the poultry business with the view to rescuing it from total collapse. The tasks has, however, been very daunting, given the high rate of importation of cheap poultry products, making it difficult for local poultry farmers to compete favorable. Over the years, poultry farmers have had cause to raise concern over their predicament but it appears nothing has been done to address their worries. It is for this reason that the Poultry Planner appeals to the government and the Ministry of Food and Agriculture in particular ro intervene and salvage the poultry industry from its present challenges. We urge the government to provide incentive packages for poultry farmers, such as support for those who import poultry feed and other inputs, so that those items can be obtained at affordable prices. Even under the dictates of a free market enterprise, it is imperative for the government to control the importation of cheap poultry products through appropriate tariff regimes qith the view to protecting operators in the local poultry industry and making them more competitive. We also encourage commercial banks to give favorable responese to the funding of the poultry industry by devising innovative products to meet the needs of poultry farmers. The compelling need for such interventions to restore the vibrancy of the poultry industry is the prospect of creating thousands of jobs for the youth in the country, which will also help realize the government’s dream of reducing the rate of unemployment. Our poultry industry has suffered neglect for far too long and it is time to rescue ut from total collapse and male it vibrant once again. Besides the business opportunities that the industry will create, a vibrant poultry sector will help improve the protein needs of the people, especially children. The Poultry Planner therefore, appeals to the authorities to put in place the necessary interventions to attracts more investment to the poultry sector.

M.VSc., PGDEP., Ph.D.

(Ph. D in Veterinary & Animal Husbandry Extension Education)

Mr. S.S Rathore (MVSc Poultry Science IBRI, Izatnagar)

Dr. Manisha Singodia (MVSc Poultry Science, Jaipur)

Dr. Annanda Das (Ph. D Scholar, WBUAFS, Kolkata)

Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ

Dr. M. Arul Prakash (MVSc Assistant Professor, Tanjore)

Dr. B.L. Saini (Ph. D ICAR, Izatnangar)

Ÿ Ÿ

Editorial Policy is independent. Views expressed by authors are not necessarily held by the editors. Registered as Newspaper by Registrar of Newspaper for India : RNI No. 71668/99 Editorial & Advertisement may not be reproduced without the written consent of the publishers. Whilst every care is taken to ensure the accuracy of the contents of Poultry Planner the publishers do not accept any responsibility or liability for the material herein. Publication of news, views of information is in the interest of positive poultry industrial development in India. It does not imply publisher’s endorsement. Unpublished material of industrial interest, not submitted elsewhere, is invited. The submitted material will not be returned. Publisher, Printer Mrs. Bhavana Gupta on behalf of Pixie Publication India (P) Ltd. Karnal Printed at Jaiswal Printing Press, Railway Road, Karnal Published at : C/o OmAng Hotel, Namaste Chowk, Near Janta Petrol Pump, KARNAL - 132001 (Haryana) INDIA Editor-in-Chief : Mrs. Bhavana Gupta All Legal matters are subject to karnal jurisdiction

INDEX

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Features...

Departments...

06 EDITORIAL

40 NEWS

08 ADVERTISEMENT INDEX

Advertisement Index...

42 RECIPE

UPCOMING EVENTS

Articles... IMPORTANCE OF LIGHTING IN POULTRY FARMS

Dr. Vemula Harshini BREEDER BIO-SECURITY – THE BASICS G.K. RATHINAM

Dr. G.K. Rathinam TOMATO WASTE (POMACE) AS AN ALTERNATE POULTRY FEED INGREDIENT

Dr. K. Rajkumar FACTORS AFFECTING FAT DIGESTION IN POULTRY

Dr. Jeevan C Press Release

23 PRE UNION BUDGET 2019: RECOMMENDATIONS FROM KARNATAKA POULTRY FARMERS AND BREEDERS ASSOCIATION (KPFBA)

24 HIPRA, A TRUE REFERENCE IN PREVENTION FOR ANIMAL HEALTH

Advanced Bio Agro Tech Ltd

AWP (Mix Oil)

B.V. Bio-Corp Pvt. Ltd.

Gartech Equipments Pvt. Ltd.

Huvepharma

Indian Herbs Spec. Pvt. Ltd.

Indian Tr. Bureau Pvt. Ltd.

Jubilant Life Sciences Limited

K. K. Kansal Polyvin Pvt. Ltd. (Awon Plastic)

Natural Herbs

Natural Remdies

Nutrient Bio-Agro Tech Pvt. Ltd.

Sai Krishna Poultry Equipments

Venky’s

Ventri Biologicals

Vetphage Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd.

Zoetis India Ltd.

Zydus

30 VETPHAGE PHARMACEUTICALS ORGANIZES PHAGEERA 2019 IN GOA

32 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETING OF POULTRY FEDERATION OF INDIA

34 IPJA CONDUCTED TECHNICAL SEMINAR IN RANCHI 37 VAMSO BIOTEC ORGANIZED EXPERT TALK ON STRIKE THROUGH THE CHALLENGE

38 INDIAN BIOTECH FIRM TURNS METHANE INTO PROTEIN FOR LIVESTOCK FEED

31 8

34 POULTRY PLANNER | VOL. 21 | No.7 | JULY - 2019

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IMPORTANCE OF LIGHTING IN POULTRY FARMS

Lighting is an essential component of successful commercial poultr y production. The egg production is associated with the length and intensity of the light received by the bird daily. With laying birds (including breeders) light has a significant role in the development and functioning of the bird’s reproductive system, influencing the age when she starts laying and how many eggs are laid in a given period. The pattern of changing day length experienced by birds influences them in two ways: 1.

Increasing natural day length, as occurs in spring, accelerates sexual maturity of growing pullets and stimulates egg production during the laying period. Decreasing day length, as occurs in autumn, retards sexual maturity of growing pullets and restrains egg production.

Light is measured as follows: 1 Lux= 0.09 Foot candles 1 FC= 10.76 Lux 1 Watt= Foot Candle x 0.001496 Types of lights

The distance between bulbs should be 1½ times the distance from the bulb to the bird level.

The distance from the bulbs to the outer edges of the house should be only ½ the distance between bulbs.

In cage system, the bulbs should be placed in such a Importance of Lighting in Poultry Farms Naga Raja Kumari Kallam and Tirupati Reddy E, way that their rays fall on the feed and on the birds.

Clean reﬂectors can increase the light intensity at bird level by 50%, compared with no reﬂector.

Avoid cone shape reflectors since they confine the light rays to limited area. Better to use flat type reflector with round edge.

In case of deep litter system, the bulb is to be placed at 7-8’ height whereas in cage house, keep in aisle.

Avoid hanging bulbs by a cord in open houses.

Very dirty bulbd emit about 1/3 less light than clean bulbs.

Light bulbs should be clean in once in two weeks.

There are 4 common types used in poultry houses 1.

Incandescent –cheapest: necessitates reflectors, short bulb life (750-100 hrs) Fluorescent-3 to 4 times more efficient than incandescent bulbs: 10 times longer life than incandescent bulb Mercury vapour –Long life (24000 hrs), requires several minutes to warm-up, cannot be used in houses with low ceilings. Compact Fluor cent (CF) Lightingmore energy efficient. One –fifth energy of flour cent light is needed to provide same light intensity (Lumen).

Provision of light by 3 ways a) Conventional way : 23 L: 1D

In broilers: Lighting patterns for broilers are aimed mainly at to stimulate and controle feed intake. Light is an impor tant management technique in broiler production. Two programmes can be used:

b) Short day : 6L to 21 days, 23L at 22 days to market

Continuous lighting except for 1 hour of darkness;

Intermittent lighting of 2 hours on, 2 hours off.

Intermittent lighting

Light management The manner in which lights are installed in the poultry house has a role on their efﬁciency. Some of the important points regarding ﬁxing of bulbs in poultry houses are

Light effects depend on: Wavelength (colour), Intensity, Photoperiod length. Photoperiod distribution (intermittent programs). Photoperiod length and distribution have interactive effects. POULTRY PLANNER | VOL. 21 | No.7 | JULY - 2019

ARTICLE Ÿ

Exposure to darkness inﬂuences bird productivity, health, hormonal proﬁles, metabolic rate, heat production, metabolism, physiology and behaviour and reduces early growth (but there may be later compensatory growth that can enable birds to catch up to equal target market weights) but only if the duration of darkness is not excessive.

But exposure to darkness improves feed efﬁciency due to reduced metabolism during dark and it will change in the growth curve (i.e. a more concave growth cur ve), improves bird health by reducing sudden death syndrome (SDS), ascites and skeletal disorders.

Darkness improves the carcass yield with: – A decrease in the proportion of breast meat. – An increase in the proportion of leg portion. – An unpredictable change (more, or less, or none) in abdominal fat. When comparing various wavelengths of monochromatic light at the same light intensity, broiler growth rate appears to be better when exposed to wavelength of 415-560 nm (violet to green) than in those exposed to >635 nm (red) or broad spectrum (white) light.

Failure to provide at least four hours of darkness will result in: Ÿ

Abnormal feeding and drinking behaviour due to sleep deprivation.

Sub-optimal biological performance.

Reduced bird welfare.

Additionally, darkness exposure beyond four hours will lead to •

Reduce breast meat yield.

•

Increase leg meat yield.

The extent of the effect of the lighting program upon broiler production is inﬂuenced by: Ÿ

The time of program application

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(early application being most effective in beneﬁting bird health).

2. A minimum body weight (1.20 kg) min 80% uniformity.

Age at marketing (older birds being likely to beneﬁt more from darkness exposure).

3. A nutrient intake to suppor t production.

Environment (the effects of increased stocking density will be exacerbated by longer darkness exposure).

Nutrition (the effects of limited feeder space will be made worse by longer darkness exposure).

Rate of bird growth (the impact of lighting on health will be greater in rapidly growing birds than in birds fed nutritionally limiting diets).

Layers: Light stimulates the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland through optic nerve for the release of FSH and LH. Light energy also penetrates through the skull, skin and feathers. FSH increases the growth of the ovarian follicles. Upon reaching maturity, the ovum is released by the action of LH. Lighting recomm-endations are subject to local legislation and these should be taken into account before starting a program. Timing of light Stimulation Onset of sexual maturity or egg production generally depends on four requirements: 1.

A minimum chronological age which is genetically determined (18 weeks).

4. A constant or increasing day length of at least 12 hours. Light effects during growing period: Decreasing the length of light day during growing period will lead to Increase the number of eggs laid during the first half of the egg production (but not in total number of eggs laid). Increase the size of the first eggs produced.Light restriction alone delays the sexual maturity at the maximum of 3 weeks. If feed restriction is combined with light restriction sexual maturity may delay up to 4 weeks. Light effects during laying period: Birds reared under increased day-light produce more eggs due to the release of FSH and LH from the pituitary. Brightness of light also has influence on egg production. On practical conditions, 1 foot candle light intensity is needed in layer houses. In multi-deck cage system, minimum of 0.5 foot candle light intensity is needed at the lower deck . For maximum egg production, 16hrs light is needed during peak egg production period. Reducing phpotoperiod during laying period seriously affects egg production. The artificial light can be given either in the morning, evening or both morning POULTRY PLANNER | VOL. 21 | No.7 | JULY - 2019

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types: longer day (14 hr light+14 hr dark) and shorter day (11hr light +11 hr dark). Longer day cycle increases egg shell quality whereas; shorter day cycle increases the egg production by 2%. H o w e v e r, t h e s e c y c l e s a r e n o t compatible with normal working schedule and needs light proof houses. Points to remember and evening. Whereas for growers two important points to be considered regarding lighting programme. Ÿ

The length of the light day should never increase for growing pullets. The length of the light day should never decreases for laying pullets.

In-season flocks: Those birds grown during a period when the length of the natural light day is decreasing at least during the last part of their growing cycle are called inseason flocks. As a general rule, chicks hatched between March 1st and August 31st in the Northern hemisphere is called in-season flocks. Out-season fl o c k s : c h i c k s h a tc h e d b e t we e n September 1st and February 28th are called out-season flocks since their growing period falls on increasing light-day. Instructions for growing and laying light programs in opensided houses In season flock: No artificial light is needed up to 20 weeks (in case of meat type breeders 22 weeks). At 20 weeks of age increase the light to 13 hours. Then add 1 hr per week until it reaches to 16 hours light. Out-season flock: two methods can be adopted a. Constant light-day program: Determine the length of the longest natural light day before the pullets reaches 20 weeks of age. Maintain this period of daily light hours from the 3rd day until 20 weeks by supplementing artificial light with natural light. Then 14

increase 1 hour of light at this stage and increase 1 hour every week until it reaches 16 hours total light period. b. Decreasing day-light program: Determine the total natural daylight hours when the pullets reach 20 weeks of age. Then add 7 hours. This represents the length of the light day from the 3rd day. There after reduce the length of light day by 20 minutes per week. At 20 weeks of age increase the length of the light day by 1 hour. Then increase 1 hour per week until it attains 16 hours light per day. Photo- refractoriness: photorefractoriness is a condition in which the bird is not capable of responding to long day length. Greater the stimulatory day length, the sooner and more pronounced the reduction in egg production due to photo-refractoriness. Ahemeral lighting programs: when the total period of light and dark is not equals to 24 hours we can call it as ahemeral lighting cycle. There are two

Regularly check operation of time clocks and light ﬁttings, especially after power failures.

Clean light ﬁttings at least annually. The hours of darkness chosen will depend upon circumstances and market requirement.

M a n y a s p e c t s of p ro d u c t i o n management interact with the lighting program and modify the effects of lighting pattern on bird performance.

Keep time clock covers in place to prevent dust and moisture clogging the mechanism? • Pullets should re c e i v e e i t h e r a c o n s t a n t o r decreasing light pattern prior to laying.

Never let laying birds experience a decrease in light pattern.

Use light levels speciﬁed for the type and age of poultry housed.

Conclusion: lighting has a signiﬁcant role in bird’s growth and production. Broilers require 23 hrs lighting where as layers at production needs 16 hrs light.

Dr. Vemula Harshini, Dr. Jeevan C, and Dr. Ymberzal Koul Dept of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai

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BREEDER BIO-SECURITY – THE BASICS G.K. RATHINAM

Breeder Management: 1.

Adequate Clean Water

Quality Feed

Ventilation management

Body weight control, and

Litter management

- are the obvious essential components. In the experience of breeder management experts, if a flock of breeders does not perform well, it often is simply down to neglecting some of these basic needs. The final point is the importance of competent, “proactive people” in managing the birds. The management techniques are meaningless if the person responsible for the birds doesn’t have the correct skill set to get the most out of the flock. Q u a l i t y p e o p l e c a n m a ke t h e difference between the success and failure of a flock. This is where it is important for the industry to attract the right calibre of personnel, which comes down to making young people – and their teachers and careers advisers – aware of the career potential in the modern poultry industry. Maintaining good flock health The first step in creating and implementing a successful biosecurity programme is to “understand the risks”. Biosecurity is risk management and there will always be a balance between cost and biosecurity interventions. Therefore, a risk assessment will help develop a targeted programme to limit or eliminate the introduction of disease to the birds. To understand the risks it’s 16

important to know what avian species are on your door step — the disease pressures. This can be commercial poultry sites, backyard chickens or local attractions such as open water sources that attract large wild bird populations. Keep tight control on visitors Make it clear that in the interests of ﬂock health, strict biosecurity measures are followed. All gates to the farm should be locked with instructions for any visitor to contact the site manager before entry on to the site.

Foot dips and boot changing Too often foot dips are neglected with the water becoming contaminated with leaves and soil, and the disinfectant deactivated. Ideally, use a covered foot dip outside each house, measure the dilution rate accurately and change the solution every day.

Make sure that all visitors have a genuine need to attend the site and that they sign in a visitors’ book, stating the reason for their presence, and whether they have had contact with poultry in the past 72 hours.

Alternatively boot changing into the poultry house is a proven way of reducing the disease challenge. This is easier to carry out using different coloured boots for inside and outside the chicken house. Secondly, a specific area should be defined, such as a physical barrier or a line on the floor, which will set the boundaries for using the outside and inside boots and limit any cross-contamination risks.

Showering on to site

Guard against vermin and wild birds

The best procedure is provide a shower and change of clothing and boots for all visitors as well as employees. More s i t e s a re a d o p t i n g t h e s e g o o d procedures. Insist all employees and visitors taking a shower for timed ﬁve minutes to ensure no pathogens are entering the farm.

Check baiting points for rats and mice every week, and make sure the housing is vermin proof — pay special attention to worn door seals, vents and drain holes. Keep the grass closely mown. Avoid feed spills — a cyclone is much better than a sock to cover the feed exhaust pipe. And lop any overhanging trees or branches to discourage wild birds.

Vehicles and equipment Only essential vehicles and equipment should be permitted on to the farm. If vehicles have to enter, they should be thoroughly disinfected, paying close attention to the exterior, wheels, and wheel arches. Allowing tools and equipment on to the site should also be minimised, especially those that have been used on other farms. Equipment brought on to the farm should undergo disinfection.

Staff awareness Biosecurity is only effective if it applies to everyone all the time. Creating a biosecurity culture is critical to achieve buy-in from staff — to ensure for example that boots are dipped and hand sanitizers used ever y time. Continual training of staff around the critical control points and explaining their signiﬁcance, is a vital part of any biosecurity programme.

G.K. Rathinam Hatchery Specialist, Technical Consultant

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TOMATO WASTE (POMACE) AS AN ALTERNATE POULTRY FEED INGREDIENT

Introduction Developed countries are solely dependent on crop residues and agro industrial by-products as a feedstuff for livestock to reduce the gap between demand and supply of feed. In addition their usage in animal feed industry reduces the feeding cost and gives higher returns to the farmers in comparison to feeding conventional commercial feed. The rise in the production cost of major feed ingredients is the burring issue as far as the poultry feed industry is concerned. In this scenario utilization of conventional feed recourses especially agricultural and industrial byproducts gains importance. The fruit and vegetable waste are one such low cost potential feed resource, particularly tomato industry waste. A signiﬁcant amount (5-30 %) tomato pomace is produced as a food waste during the processing of the tomato in industries. The tomato pomace contains different portion of the tomato like 33% seed, 27% skin, and 40% pulp, whereas the dried form contains approximately 44% seed and 56% skin and pulp (Poojary and Passamonti, 2015). Tomato production in India Tomato is the largest horticulture crop produced in the world after potato and sweet potato. The major tomato producers are China, USA, Italy, Turkey, India and Egypt. With respect to India Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Gujarat, Odisha, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Bihar, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Telangana and Tamil Nadu accounts for 91% of the total countries production. Only 2 % of the total tomatoes produced in India are processed for value addition products. By products of Tomato processing industries: The solid waste which remains after extraction processes includes peels, cores, 18

seeds, trimmings and cull tomatoes. Tomato pomace is the mixture of tomato peels, crushed / damaged seeds and a fraction of pulp remaining after processing f o r t h e p ro d u c t i o n of to m a to f o r concentrated paste, juice, puree, sauce and ketchup. The skin is the major by product of canning industries which are removed from tomato by either steam or chemical treatments. Tomato seeds are another major by-product of tomato cannery. Other products with least importance include culled tomatoes, leaves and tomato seed cake. Drawbacks in utilization of tomato by products Ÿ High cost for transportation Ÿ Low nutritive value on fresh basis Ÿ Quick spoilage due to high moisture Processing of tomato by products As the tomato pomace contains high moisture (80-90 %), inclusion in the feed makes it very difficult. The shelf life of the by products are very minimal they get deteriorated in just 2 days therefore they have to be fed immediately within 2 days. The tomato waste may be ensiled separately or with other forages for preserving the nutrient and improving the feeding value. The pomace may also be dried / dehydrated and ground to incorporate effectively in the poultry ration (Caluya et al., 2003). Nutrient Profile The composition of the tomato pomace differs according to agricultural practices, processing techniques, degree of drying, moisture removal procedure. The dried tomato pomace contains 90% dry matter, 8.1% fat, 19.68% protein and 29.75% crude fiber (Safamehr et al 2011). It also contains rich source of vitamins like A, B1 and B2, trace elements like selenium, copper, manganese and zinc and amino acids like lysine. Tomato pomace is a good source of pigments like licopene and carotene, these pigments have higher antioxidant property. Apart from carotenoids tomato pomace also contains other bio active components like tocopherols, polyph-enols, terpenes, and sterols.

The feeding value of pomace with respect to poultry increases when seeds are separated. Tomato seed contains 25% protein, 0.12% calcium, 0.58% phosphor, 3204 Kcal/Kg ME and 0.87% methionine-

cystine (Persia et.al,. 2003). Proximate composition of tomato paste residue Inclusion Depending on the extent of processing, the pomace may contain fibre up to 30 %. Higher concentration of fibre hinders the digestion in broilers and it can also dilute the energy content of the diet, therefore it has to be restricted up to 5 %. Whereas in laying hen needs less protein and able to digest fibre with high efficiency, therefore the potential inclusion may be up to 15 %. Conclusion With growing world population, access to animal protein source with minimal investment is one of the important targets of animal husbandry researchers. Low cost protein alternate supply to the livestock and poultry in the need of the hour. The valorization of fruits and vegetable waste materials or by-products can solve the problems of its disposal as these materials deteriorate quickly, emit a very foul odour and provide a breeding place for a variety of pests such as flies and mosquitoes, which are hosts of disease-causing organism. Also they can generate additional revenue by sale of the byproducts. Optimum use of by-products of different industries is one of the most important characteristics of the industrial countries. In this way, by using tomato pomace, the final cost of the diet may be reduced. K. Rajkumar, A. Shanmuga Sundaram, E. Rachel Jemimah, P. Tensingh Gnanaraj Livestock Farm Complex, TANUVAS, Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai

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FACTORS AFFECTING FAT DIGESTION IN POULTRY Introduction With tremendous increase in the genetic potential of broilers leading to rapid weight gain with maximum feed conversion, their nutrient needs have also increased. Nutrient specifications for today's fast-growing broiler birds are comparatively higher than those of earlier strains. High energy diets of m o d e r n b ro i l e r s t r a i n s m a ke i t imperative for inclusion of fats and oils into their diet, which provide higher energy per unit than cereals and other feed ingredients. High dense feed formulations are virtually impossible without the inclusion of fats and oils which are having at least twice the energy value as those of carbohydrates and proteins. In addition, fats also help to reduce dustiness in feed, improve palatability and reduce wear and tear in feed mill equipment. Fats and oils are principally almost similar in their structure with differences in chemical properties and physical states. They are esters of three fatty acids with glycerol commonly called triglycerides, with fats being triglycerols in solid form and oils being triglycerols in liquid form at room temperatures. Digestion and assimilation of fats is quite different and complex than that of carbohydrates and proteins. This involves three critical steps emulsification of ingested fats, their hydrolysis by digestive enzymes and finally micelle formation which leads to the absorption of digested fatty acids into the portal system. Emulsification is a critical step, as it is difficult for the large fat molecules to be miscible in the aqueous environment of the intestine. This step will determine to a large extent the activity of lipase in digesting the fats to mono and di glycerides, which is the second step. The hydrolysis by lipase enzyme involves the release of

fatty acids from position one and three of the glycerol backbone in the triglyceride molecule. The ultimate step of this involves the association of bile salts, monoglycerides and free fatty acids to form micelles, which move through the unstirred water layer and t h e re a f te r t h e c o m p o n e n t s a re absorbed by gut cells. Overall, the digestion of fats is a complex process requiring adequate amounts of bile salts, pancreatic lipase and colipase. The function of colipase, which is a co-factor present in pancreatic secretions, is to aid in maintaining the lipase in an active configuration at the lipid-water interface. Colipase binds to the surface of lipid droplets and acts as an anchor for lipase allowing pancreatic lipase to digest triglycerides. Lack of any one of these essentials will impair the digestion and absorption processes. Bile is the main source of endogenous fat and fatty acids which plays an impor tant role in digestion and absorption of fat. Bile works as an emulsifier in the digestion process and in formation of mixed micelles which are crucial for the absorption process. Va r i o u s f a c t o r s t h a t a f f e c t t h e digestibility of fats are as follows: 1. Age of Bird New born chicks have minimal ability to digest and absorb fat. This can be mainly attributed to two reasons namely, inefficient secretion of bile salts and poor lipase activity. It has been re p o r t e d t h a t t h e s e c re t i o n of endogenous enzymes including lipase, trypsin and amylase increased many folds (20-100) between 4 to 21 days post hatch. However, it was observed that lipase activity increased much slower than other enzymes. The ability to digest and absorb fat in birds

develops rapidly after the first few days of life and increase with advancing age. Va r i o u s wo r ke r s d e s c r i b e d t h a t absorption of fats improved significantly as the age of birds increased. Low fat digestibility of young birds not only leads to wastage of costly nutrient but also leads to low AME. In a study, AME of fats in broilers fed diets containing vegetable oil and increasing levels of tallow at 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th weeks of age was determined. Results revealed that the AME of both fat sources increased between 2nd to 4th weeks of age, thereafter no further increase was noticed. The increment in AME was greater in tallow than vegetable oil. The lower AME in young birds were attributed to poor emulsification rather than deficiency in lipase activity. 2. Degree of Saturation of Fatty Acids Ability of fats to yield energy depends upon its chemical structure. Carbon chain length, degree of saturation and the location of double bonds in fatty acids, all have an impact on the digestion and absorption of fats. Degree of saturation of fatty acids has a key influence on the AME of fats. Animal fats such as tallow usually contain very high amount of saturated fatty acids; especially palmitic and stearic acids w h i c h a re p o o r l y d i g e s te d a n d absorbed by poultry. Saturated fatty acids need a much higher concentration of bile salts for their emulsification and micelle formation before they are absorbed. Impact of the absence of bile acids was higher in the solubilization and absorption of saturated fatty acids than that of unsaturated fatty acids. As a result, oils from plants sources such as soybean oil which comprises high amount of unsaturated fatty acids were digested and absorbed more than animal fats. POULTRY PLANNER | VOL. 21 | No.7 | JULY - 2019

ARTICLE The length of the carbon chain in fatty acids also affect their digestion and absorption, short chain fatty acids being more digestible. The ratio of unsaturated to saturated fats also influenced the AME of the oils with an increasing proportion of unsaturated fat in a fat blend associated with higher AME. Some studies also suggested that blending of saturated and unsaturated fats may improve fat absorption and there may be a synergistic response with such blends. Distribution and position of fatty acids in the glycerol molecule is an important factor that affects the fat digestibility. During fat digestion process, triglycerides are hydrolyzed by the action of pancreatic lipase with end products being two free fatty acids and monoacylglycerol. The specific arrangement of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids on the glycerol moiety of a triglyceride molecule can contribute to the differences between digestion of fat types. Pancreatic lipase shows specificity for the fatty acids esterifies to glycerol in the 1st-and 3rdpositions and leaves the 2nd position monoglyceride intact to be absorbed as such. The fatty acids in the form of monoglycerides have greater solubility for micelle formation than the same fatty acids released from the 1st- or 3rd- positions, which were more nonpolar, insoluble and less digestible. 3. Fat Quality Quality of fats also has a profound effect on their digestibility and energy value. In practice, fat quality is determined mainly based on the level of impurities, free fatty acids and the rancidity of fat. Impurities in fat were usually measured as moisture, impurities and unsaponifiables (MIU). The maximum acceptable value of moisture is 10 g/kg fat. Impurities are determined as the percentage of

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insoluble fraction of fats or oils in petroleum ether and should be less than 10g/kg fat. Other criteria were determination of unsaponiﬁables which include sterols, pigments, waxes etc. with maximum level of 10g/kg of fat. Another method that is often used as a good indicator of fat quality is the level of free fatty acids (FFA). When fatty acids are not bound to triglycerides, they exist in free form and are called as free fatty acids. It has been reported that digestibility and the AME of fats are depressed with increasing concentrations of FFA. Fats with lowest FFA values when incorporated in the diet of birds could provide highest AME values in both young and older birds. Another important factor which leads to appreciable loss in fat quality is oxidative rancidity. Oxidative rancidity is a process that results in the degradation of fatty acids and occurs in unsaturated fatty acids due to oxidation of the double bonds. It affects the odor, color, ﬂavor and decreases the nutritive value of fat. Several methods are used to evaluate oxidative rancidity in fats and oils including peroxide value and active oxygen method (AOM). Peroxide value is the commonly used indicator of fat oxidation and expressed as milliequivalent (meq) of peroxide per kg fat. It was observed that a slight rancid odor was developed in animal fats when peroxide levels reach 20 meq/kg, whereas the rancid odor in vegetable oils started developing at around 80 meq/kg. Since the concentration of unsaturated fatty acids are very high in vegetable oils like soyabean oil, they tend to be more sensitive and prone to oxidation particularly when stored at high temperatures. Oxidation of fats has negative effects on poultry performance and the quality of meat. It has been reported by various workers that feeding a diet with oil

supplemented with high degree of oxidation resulted in lower body weight gain and feed intake. The oxidised oil contained substrates such as aldehydes, ketones etc., which may result in the development of rancid ﬂavors and odors, and reduced the palatability of feed. 4. Non-Starch Polysaccharides (NSP) NSP's exhibit an anti-nutritional effect in the diets and are primarily responsible for negatively affecting the digestibility of various nutrients including fats. NSPs such as arabinoxylans and β-glucans increase the digesta viscosity and reduce the digestibility of nutrients by impeding the diffusion of digestive enzymes and substrates, and the contact between nutrients and absorption sites on intestinal mucosa. The negative effect of NSPs on digestibility remains pronounced on fats than other nutrients. This can be attributed to high intestinal viscosity caused by soluble NSPs that slow down the gut motility and impair diffusion and convective transport of droplets of emulsiﬁed fat, fatty acids, mixed micelles, bile salts and lipase within intestinal contents. Impaired fat digestion resulting from the increased bacterial proliferation in intestinal tract may have a systemic effect on the gut secretions and intestinal morphology. The increase in bacterial activity may also increase the de-conjugation of bile acids. Deconjugated bile cannot be reabsorbed and will be excreted. Poor digestion of fat may occur due to reduced recycling and the resultant low concentration of bile salts in birds fed with diet containing high levels of NSP's. 5. Calcium Level in Feed Dietary calcium level has a profound effect on utilization and fat digestion. Digestion of fats yield free fatty acids and monoglycerides. These free fatty acids

POULTRY PLANNER | VOL. 21 | No.7 | JULY - 2019

ARTICLE can react with other nutrients in the feed to form soluble or insoluble soaps. If insoluble soaps are formed with minerals such as calcium, both the fatty acid and the mineral will be unavailable to bird. It has been suggested that phytate, as calcium-phytate, may be involved in the formation of insoluble metallic soaps in the gut. Some type of fatty acids and dietary calcium levels are reported to have a deep effect on calcium metabolism and soap formation in broilers. Higher calcium levels in the feed resulted in decreased retention of fat due to soap formation, with potential for soap formation greater in saturated fatty acids when compared to unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid. Higher concentrations of calcium in diets containing animal fats may further increase metallic soap formation and lower the energy derived from lipids.

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Conclusion Fats are an expensive source of energy in poultry diets and its digestion and absorption is a complex process. Ability to digest and absorb fat was limited in young birds particularly in first few weeks. There is still ambiguity as to, if this poor digestion in the first week of chick life is due to deficiency of lipase or bile or both. But sufficient quantities of bile salts for proper emulsification of fats in the gut is necessary for its maximum digestion and utilization. So, a good strategy to improve fat digestion in young birds and throughout the lifecycle in general should consider the use of external supplementation of emulsifiers or most

preferably natural bio-surfactants like lysophospholipids, lecithins, etc. This complement the bile salts in proper emulsification and the miscibility of fats or oils, especially of animal fats in the gut which ultimately leads to its efficient hydrolysis by lipase enzyme. There is a distinct advantage of lysophospholipids over other emulsifiers as they are more hydrophilic than phospholipids, have one fatty acid residue per molecule and can form spherical micelles in aqueous solutions leading to improved emulsification in the gastrointestinal tract. Lysophospholipids can also form small sized micelles and are more effective than bile and soy lecithin.

Dr. Jeevan C PhD, Dept of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai

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PRE UNION BUDGET 2019: RECOMMENDATIONS FROM KARNATAKA POULTRY FARMERS AND BREEDERS ASSOCIATION (KPFBA) Poultry farmers seek 'Agriculture' status under Income Tax Act ambitious plan of doubling farmers' income.” Other Recommendations from KPFBA Ÿ

Bangalore, 26 June 2019: The Karnataka Poultry Farmers and Breeders Association (KPFBA) has shared its recommendations for the upcoming Union Budget 2019-20. With just a few days to go for the Union Budget, these suggestions are aimed at addressing the needs of the poultry sector. The recommendations have highlighted the requirements that will be beneﬁcial for the Poultry Sector. KPFBA has urged the Government of India to consider all poultry farming activities as 'Agriculture' under the Income Tax Act. Poultry sector is exposed to all types of natural vagaries like agricultural crops and is ruralbased, giving employment mostly to unskilled and rural population, hence it should be brought under 'Agriculture' in the Income Tax Act such that poultry farmers can avail tax beneﬁts. KPFBA has made a representation to the Minister of Finance, Smt Nirmala Sitharaman on the need to incorporate poultr y farming as 'agriculture', among other demands. While welcoming the objective of the government to 'Double Farmers Income by 2022', KPFBA President Mr. Akhilesh Babu said, “Poultry farming could help in this regard as agriculture farmers could take up poultry as a means of subsidiary income, if the government provides incentives. Poultry will play a key role in inclusive growth of the rural economy and thereby help to achieve Government's 23

The Government should restore section 80JJ of the Income Tax Act 1961 giving income tax exemption for the poultr y sector ; allow deduction under section 80JJAA for workers in poultry farms and not just for those employed in a factory; and to exclude tax deduction at source (TDS) for poultry rearing farmers. Presently, TDS of one / two per cent is made to those who contract farmers for poultr y rearing.

The major capital expenditure in t h e p o u l t r y s e c to r g o e s f o r construction of poultry sheds which last for 7 – 8 years and poultry cages which last for 5 – 6 years. The government should allow higher depreciation as it p re s e n t l y d o e s f o r ' p u re l y temporary' sheds. As for cages, the Government should consider higher depreciation from the current 15%.

The government should allow import of feed ingredients such as maize, corn and medicines required by the sector without any restrictions on quantity and at zero % duty. The KPFBA further urged the government to make available sufﬁcient and low cost ﬁnance with subsidies to construct warehouses, cold storage facilities to store eggs and poultry meat products, which would help farmers avoid making distress sale and ensures them with year-long regular income.

Under section 40A(3) any expenditure exceeding Rs10, 000 made by way of cash is not allowable expenditure. As the poultry Sector is carried out only in rural areas, and most of the workforce is rural and unskilled, and repairs and maintenance work is carried in villages and payments in these cases are difﬁcult to make through bank. It is requested to drop the applicability of this section to poultry Sector or at least for the payments made in rural areas.

About KPFBA K a r n a t a k a Po u l t r y Fa r m e r s & Breeders Association [KPFBA] is an Apex body, representing Poultry Farmers & Breeders of Karnataka, India. It was established in 1991 to promote the development of poultry breeding and farming in Karnataka, where the occupation is a major activity. The association is registered under the Karnataka Societies Act 196, u/s 12 A (a) 80G of the Income-tax Act 1961. KPFBA aims at providing facilities for exchange of information and o p i n i o n of i n te re s t to p o u l t r y breeding farms and poultry farmers. It believes in the advantages of united action to accomplish goals where individuals will not be in a position to accomplish on their own. For More Information Amika Limbu Equator Consultants E: amika@equatormpr.com M: 9108558562 Inayath Ulla Khan KPFBA M: 9886730997 POULTRY PLANNER | VOL. 21 | No.7 | JULY - 2019

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HYDERABAD MEET

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COIMBATORE MEET

NAMAKKAL MEET

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NAMAKKAL MEET

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VETPHAGE PHARMACEUTICALS ORGANIZES PHAGEERA 2019 IN GOA He explained Technology Development Platform which Proteon uses and the pa r a m e te r s t h a t a re t a ke n i n to consideration for ﬁnalizing the product development process. Since, precision biology is the core foundation of the product development process of Proteon, he explained how this technology makes the products created by Proteon unique and effective. In one of the case studies, which he explained during his presentation, he

Prof. Dastych, Dr. Bhavsar, Mr. Nipun Gupta and Dr. Ajit Ranade during the Ganesh Pooja Vetphage Pharmaceuticals organized PhageEra 2019 in Kenilworth Resort & Spa, Utorda, Salcete, South Goa on 13th July 2019. The theme of the event was “Role of Bacteriophage in Managing Gut Health in Poultry.”

Prof. Dastych explained brief history of discover y of bacteriophages and explained some facts to the audience which are not generally known to the public. He also explained how

bacteriophages are natural and works continuously to keep population of bacteria in check . He explained importance of microbiome and how it has been perceived by scientist in current phase of scientiﬁc evolution. Coming to the current global challenges in world food production, he highlighted the growing problem of Anti-Microbial Resistance (AMR) and how Bacteriophages can be a potential solution to tackle the challenge. Being scientist and founder of the company, he explained how he approached to the problems and developed unique product of cocktail bacteriophages which are lytic in action.

Prof. Dastych delivering presentation

Prof. Dastych during presentation

Around 45 renowned poultr y veterinarians and poultry farmers were present during the seminar. The guest speaker for the seminar were Professor Jarosław Dastych, Founder and CEO, Proteon Pharmaceuticals S.A. Poland.

told how usage of antibiotics may help colonization of Salmonella which would have not been a case since natural microbiome resists colonization of Salmonella. He also explained that how the bacteriophages are completely safe having no adverse effect on the birds which was evident on the toxicological data obtained from the trials. This way bacteriophages can be used to eliminate selective pathogenic bacteria from the gut and help manage gut health in poultry. Prof. Jarosław Dastych, Mr. Nipun Gupta, Dr. Marek Rymanowski, Mr. Pa w e l Ko t u l a a n d M s . J o h a n n a Bednarek were present from Proteon Pharmaceuticals S.A. Poland for the event.

Poultry delegates during the presentation

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Dr. Atul Latkar during Q&A session

Dr. Marek interacting with Poultry delegates during Q&A session

Dr. Janakiraman during feedback session

Dr. Ajit Ranade during the Feedback session

Dr. R. K. Dua sharing his thoughts after session

Dr. Manoj Shukla expressing his concerns and thoughts after session.

Team Proteon along with team Vetphage. (L-R) Dr. Vitthal Mane, Mr. Sagar Shirudkar, Mr. Sridhar Jakanni, Dr. Bhushan Bhavsar, Mr. Pawel Kotula, Mr. Nipun Gupta, Ms. Johanna Bednarek, Mr. Bharat Kirkire, Prof. JarosÅ&#x201A;aw Dastych, Mr. R. Prabu, Mr. Shubham Sharma, Dr. Nilesh Sonawane, Dr. Marek Rymanowski

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IPJA CONDUCTED TECHNICAL SEMINAR IN RANCHI With a large gathering of around 300 farmers, Indian Poultry Journalists' Association commonly known as IPJA conducted a Technical Seminar on July 06, 2019 in Hotel Chanakya in Ranchi, the state capital of Jharkhand. Poultry Farmers and other persons related to poultry fraternity from different districts of Jharkhand state gathered for this Technical Seminar. Along with farmers from Jharkhand, presence of poultry farmers from Bihar too had an another feather in the cap of IPJA. The discussion on various subjects related to uplif tment of poultr y industry in Jharkhand was discussed in this seminar. Beauty of the seminar was the overall control of the dais by Dr. Rajesh Kumar Singh and he anchored the stage too in a beautiful manner. The inaugural address was done by President IPJA, Mr. B S Rana with lighting of the lamp along with dignitaries assembled from various districts of Jharkhand.

Four eminent speakers including Dr. Pankaj Das, Dr. Anand Khandekar, Mr. Shirish Dhopeshwar and Dr. Rupam Borah gave their presentations. The CEO of Jharkhand Women Poultry Federation, Ranchi; Dr. Pankaj Das expressed detailed information of poultry among women of Jharkhand in an exclusive manner and told the audience that how it was started with

limited means and presently there are more than 6,000 women members in this Federation. Dr. Das also spoke on “Overview & scope of Jharkhand Poultry Industry.” On the contrary, the second speaker, Dr. Anand Khandekar from ABTL, Pune; shared valuable information on “Gut

Health Management in Poultry” and how to overcome from that was also discussed. T h e t h i r d s p e a k e r M r. S h i r i s h Dhopeshwar, Managing Director of Dhopeshwar Engineering (P) Limited spoke on “Poultry Waste Management” and discussed the problems which would be faced by the farmers in the coming future and how to get it rectiﬁed with waste management. He also provided solution of this problem as how to overcome this menace in a positive manner. The four th speaker, Dr. R u pa m B o r a h of Venkateshwara Hacheries Group shared “Managem e n t T i p s to g e t B e s t Performance in Vencobb 430 Commercial Broiler Chicks” and gave detailed information to the audience with slides. The dignitaries who were honored with Memento and felicitated with Shawls by IPJA members including Dean Ranchi Veterinary College, Dr. M.P Sinha; ExDirector, Animal Husbandry, Dr. Alok

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Kumar Pandey; Head of Department, LPM, Dr. Susheel Prasad and Head of Department of Poultry Pathology, Prof. Dr. S. K. Mukhopadhya, who speciďŹ cally came from Kolkata to attend this Technical Seminar conducted by IPJA. After the conclusion of seminar, the IPJA Management felicitated few Jharkhand Poultry industry's stalwarts for their valuable contribution in this sector. The seminar ended with a vote of thanks by the secretary, Shashank Purohit followed with a lunch to all visitors and dignitaries.

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INDIAN BIOTECH FIRM TURNS METHANE INTO PROTEIN FOR LIVESTOCK FEED New funding from several partners will allow Indian biotech startup String Bio to develop alternative proteins derived from methane for human and animal nutrition. Based in Bangalore, India, String Bio has recently raised an undisclosed sum from several investors in India and France, including a large poultry hatchery. The capital will be used to develop new proteins for the global food and feed sectors. Investors include Ankur Capital, Oil and Natural Gas Corp. Ltd. (ONGC), and K a r n a t a k a ’s I n f o r m a t i o n a n d Biotechnology Venture Fund (KITVEN), as well as Seventure Partners of France, and Srinivasa Hatcheries. The funding will suppor t the ﬁrm closer to a full commercial rollout, said co-founder Vinod Kumar. According to String Bio, its mission is to create solutions to the challenges of climate variability, the limited availability of land and water, and a growing global demand for food, particularly for protein. In 2012, the ﬁrm was established by

Kumar and co-founder Ezhil Subbian. Using advances in synthetic biology, fermentation technology, chemistry and process engineering, it has developed its own platform — String Integrated Methane Platform (SIMP) — using one of the most impactful greenhouse gases as a basis for protein production. Methane based Product Its ﬁrst product is StringPro, a sustainable and environmentally friendly protein for animal feed. String Bio is the only Asian ﬁrm to have developed a value chain based on methane through a biological process. According to String Bio, the company works at the intersection of biology, engineering and chemistry. It uses its own technology platform to deliver true economic drivers for methane from waste to natural resources. Its patents cover engineering catalysts, method of production, product separation and the unique process model. “As we started to look at the possible application of technology, we decided to hone in on

methane because methane is a very interesting gas,” she said. “It’s a high-energy alkane that is currently largely underutilized around the world. We currently use natural gas to create power but a large portion of methane gas gets flared because we don’t have the right solutions to leverage this source of energy. So we decided to combine the power of biology to leverage methane to convert it into different value-added products. We focused on two key market areas: creating single-cell proteins, and chemical monomers.” Goals for the firm in the development process were to produce a protein with the high quality of fishmeal but at a lower price. StringPro is 30-40% cheaper than fishmeal, according to Subbian, and it is a more consistent product because of the industrialization of the process, and fully traceable. Two years ago, poultry genetics firm HyLine International announced it had appointed one of String Bio’s latest investors, Srinivasa Farms as distributor for its commercial layers across India.

EGG Daily and Montly Prices of June 2019

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NEWS / EVENT CALENDER

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ANIMAL WELFARE INSTITUTE AND FARM SANCTUARY LAWSUIT AGAINST USDA ADVANCES

S District Judge Michael Telesca for the Western District of New York denied on 15 July 2019 the Trump administration’s motion to dismiss a lawsuit ﬁled against the USDA by animal welfare groups. In August 2018, the Animal Welfare Institute and Farm Sanctuary sued the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) for failing to respond to a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request for depar tment records related to the treatment of animals in US slaughter plants. The lawsuit is based on a 2016 amendment to FOIA that requires federal agencies to proactively post records that are subject to frequent requests. The suit asks the USDA to proactively post records relating to the enforc-ement of two laws dating to the 1950s - the Humane Methods of Slaughter Act and the Poultry Products Inspection Act.

Such records expose inhumane treatment of animals at slaughter plants across the country, including incidents of workers throwing chickens and improperly stunning pigs and cattle and transporters abandoning trucks full of animals for hours in hot weather. Animal advocacy groups review hundreds of these records annually to monitor USDA enforcement and produce reports, action alerts and policy recommendations based on the ﬁndings. “AWI is happy to see that the decision came down in our favor, and we are excited to move forward with the merits of the case,” said Erin Thompson, staff attorney for AWI’s farm animal programme. “ These records are critical to AWI’s understanding of how the Department of Agriculture is enforcing the Poultry Products Inspection Act and the Humane Methods of Slaughter Act because they shine a light on the treatment of animals in slaughterhouses.

Online disclosure of these records is a more efficient and effective way to deliver this vital information to the public. “The poultry industry will undoubtedly benefit from this decision,” Thompson added, “because bad apples that flout good commercial practices (GCP) will be held accountable for their mistreatment of birds. Compliance with GCP reduces the needless suffering of billions of chickens and turkeys destined for slaughter every year.” Proactively posting animal handling records would improve transparency and safety of the nation’s food supply, according to the plaintiffs, as well as increase the efficiency of the department’s FOIA process. The information would be useful to the agriculture industry in evaluating animal care standards, to government officials in creating and enforcing policy, and to consumers in making decisions about what products they purchase.

Exhibition Event Calender AUGUST 2019 Event

Date Venue

: International Exhibition on Po u l t r y, L i ve s to c k , F e e d & Technologies : 30 Aug to 1 Sep 2019 : Bangalore International Exhibition Center (BIEC), Bangalore India

SEPTEMBER 2019 Event

: 3 1 s t I n t e r n a t i o n a l Po u l t r y S c i e n c e Sy m p o s i u m of t h e WPSA Polish Branch Date : 4-6 Sep 2019 Venue : Hotel Skalny, Polanczyk Website : www.wpsa.pl

OCTOBER 2019 Event Date Venue

: AgriLink 2019 : 3-5 October 2019 : World Trade Center

: Agrena Middle East 2019 : 17-19 October 2019 : Egypt Convention Center, New Cairo, Egypt Website : www.agrena.net

Event Date Venue

OCTOBER 2019 Event Date Venue

SEPTEMBER 2019

: SIMA SIPSA 2019 : 7-10 October 2019 : World Trade Center

OCTOBER 2019 Event Date Venue

: ILDEX Indonesia 2019 : 18-20 October 2019 : JIEXPO Jakarta

: Space The International Exhibition For Animal Production2019 : 10-13 Sep 2019 : Parc Expo of Rennes Airport La Haie Gautrais, 35172 Bruz - Rennes Bretagne – France

: 80th Cornell Nutrition Conference : 16-18 oct 2019 : Doubletree Hotel Syracuse 301 NY298, East Syracuse, NY 13057, EE. UU. - Syracuse - New York - United States

NOVEMBER 2019 Event Date Venue

: Poultry India : 27-29 Nov 2019 : Hyderabad, Telangana

POULTRY PLANNER | VOL. 21 | No.7 | JULY - 2019

RECIPE / SUBSCRIPTION

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Mustard-stuffed chicken Ingredient Ÿ 125g ball mozzarella, torn into small pieces Ÿ 50g strong cheddar , grated Ÿ 1 tbsp wholegrain mustard Ÿ 4 skinless boneless chicken breast ﬁllets Ÿ 8 smoked streaky bacon rashers Method Heat oven to 200C/fan 180C/gas 6. Mix the cheeses and mustard together. Cut a slit into the side of each chicken breast, then stuff with the mustard mixture. Wrap each stuffed chicken breast with 2 bacon rashers – not too tightly, but enough to hold the chicken together. Season, place on a baking sheet and roast for 20-25 mins.

(Life Time Period 10 Years)

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