East Grinstead Living July 2020 Issue

E AS T

July 2020

RINSTE AD Living

© Standen House

YO U R L O C AL B U S I N E S S D I R E C T O RY S I N C E 20 0 5 T O ADV E R T I S E C AL L 0 134 2 3001 5 2

~ Design & Build ~ Pondless Waterfalls ~ Ponds ~ Water Features ~ Bridges ~ Refurbishment ~ Clean-Outs Email: ryan@afriponds.com Mobile: 07500493793 Website: www.afriponds.com

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Dear Residents, Whats inside this month Welcome to the July issue.

We hope the weather has held out and you’re managing to have a lovely Summer so far.

For obvious reasons there aren’t many events this month so we’ve taken the opportunity to publish more local history articles then we would otherwise have space for. We’ve covered many things from Tudor times, Napoleon, as well as a beautiful Sussex Windmill which many will know overlooks Ashdown Forest.

As everything is picking up, we are grateful to hear that many readers are supporting local businesses and shops.

We hope our businesses can help you with your home and garden goals this Summer.

As events start to pick up, please do send us through all the information to publish.

Plus if you are a local charity and need promotion, drop us a line.

Not Witches But Martyrs

The North Sussex Militia in Napoleonic times

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All the best for a lovely, sunny July, Tally & Chris East Grinstead Living To advertise call 01342 300152 info@egliving.co.uk www. egliving.co.uk

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EG in Bloom

East Grinstead Living Notice: East Grinstead Living prints various articles, features, and advertisements. Although these appear in East Grinstead Living, any opinions expressed are the opinion of the author, these are not necessarily the opinion of the publisher. ©Copyright East Grinstead Living 2020. The contents of this publication are written specifically for our readers, no part may be reproduced elsewhere without express and prior permission.

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Not Witches But Martyrs

by Dorothy Hatswell, East Grinstead Museum

I have lost count of the number of times people have come into the museum and asked about “the witches”. There were some witches in East Grinstead. Margaret Cooper was found guilty in East Grinstead in 1575 of bewitching Henry Stoner and William and Elizabeth Fowler, all of whom had languished (became weak) before they died: she was hanged. In 1591, at the Assizes in East Grinstead, Agnes Mowser was found guilty of “bewitching Ann Flemes to death”. She was sentenced to one year's imprisonment. There are no visible signs of their presence in the town and they would have been buried outside the churchyard in unconsecrated ground; their graves unmarked.

The period when witches were most persecuted in England was when the Tudors were on the throne. Witches were usually single women or widows, mostly elderly. They lived alone, often with a pet cat or dog for company. These creatures were believed to be the witches' “familiars”, the form the witch took to work unseen. Witches could be blamed for any disaster; a bad harvest, an unexpected death, disease sweeping through the village and so on. Sometimes the test for a witch was to put the accused on a ducking stool and immerse her in the village pond. If she drowned, she was innocent, if she survived, she was obviously in league with the devil, and so was hanged! The original “Catch 22”.

Elizabeth I was felt to be more sympathetic to witches than others of her dynasty, as her mother, Ann Boleyn, had, at one time, been accused of being a witch because of a sixth finger on one hand.

These enquiries normally arise because they have seen the memorial stones in St Swithuns churchyard and want to know more. Why some people think that they were witches is unclear. The stones clearly state that the

Ann Tree’s brass in West Hoathly church remains of Ann Tree, John Forman and Thomas Dungate lie beneath, “Faithful unto Death”.

This of course, means that they refused give up their fairly recently acquired Anglican faith introduced by Henry VIII as a result of growing Protestantism and the Pope not allowing him to divorce Catherine of Aragon and marry Ann Boleyn. For the brief time his eldest daughter, Mary I, was on the throne she demanded that everyone return to Catholicism, her Spanish mother’s religion. Martyrdom was the price others paid for her beliefs. The inscription “Beneath these stones the ashes lie of... “, is not just misleading but quite untrue. The remains would have just been scattered over the surface of the High Street and become part of the highway. The stones were placed there

by Lady Musgrave in the late 19th century

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NOT WITCHES BUT MARTYRS CONTINUED

as a mark of respect and to commemorate the occasion.

There seems to be no discernable pattern in the place of martyrdom chosen for each person. Often, they had little, or no, connection with their place of death.

Market towns throughout the country were chosen for these occasions and held on market days when the greatest number of people would be witnesses and so provide the greatest deterrent. This meant that by far the largest number were burnt at Smithfield, London. It was the most central and populous place available and with markets on every day except Sunday it provided the best opportunities for maximum impact. Without definite proof of their residence in the East Grinstead area we can only surmise that they were local at best.

The probable site of their deaths is outside the building which is now owned by Broadley Brothers. Legend has it that they were held in the cellar of that property on the eve of their martyrdom.

Ann Tree is thought to have been a resident of West Hoathly. Known also as Mother Tree, the inference is that she was elderly, but in the sixteenth century, “elderly” might have meant anyone over the age of fifty or even forty. Ursula Ridley wrote a play about Ann Tree and was responsible for the brass plaque in West Hoathly Church. She placed flowers

Depiction of the Martyrdom in the murals in Chequer mead, now sadly covered over. near it on the anniversary of Mother Tree's death each year. In her will she left money to the Sussex Martyrs' Commemoration Council to continue this tradition.

John Forman has not been identified as belonging to an East Grinstead family. The surname does not appear in any records of the period.

There are some Dungates to be found after 1556 and could be descendants of Thomas, but nothing has been proved.

Thomas Reed from Ardingly was martyred at Lewes, on June 6th 1556. This was just a month before the East Grinstead immolation - sacrifice. He seems to have as much right to be remembered by East Grinstead as the three already named above.

However, there was another martyr whose East Grinstead connections are clear and well documented. He was Henry Adlington. Described

in Foxe's Book of Martyrs as “a sawyer from East Grinstead aged thirty”, he was detained with twelve others in Newgate Prison in London.

They were tried before Bishop Bonner's Chancellor on June 6th 1556. Twelve were condemned to be burnt at the stake, the other was tortured. In the largest “auto de feu” in England, they were martyred on June 27th 1556.

Henry's name is among those appearing on the memorial in the grounds of St. John's Church in Stratford-atte-Bow, London where their deaths took place, watched by a crowd of 20,000 people.

All the martyrs were burned except one at Chelmsford, Essex, who was hung drawn and quartered.

It would be nice to think that such barbarous atrocities were history but recent events in the Middle East and Africa remind us that this is, sadly, not so.

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News from the Chairman of EG in Bloom, Julie Mockford

This year we haven’t entered the S&SEIB competition (it’s not really running) just a table-top judging. So, we have been working on our separate gardens: Linda Hordyk and her team are working so hard at the Compass Garden, at Mount Noddy and it’s really looking quite wonderful! I have taken over the Windmill Lane community garden with my husband Norman. The Moat Pond project with Nathan White in charge has gone a bit quiet as MSDC have curtailed any work parties due to Covid - but I can’t think of a better place to chase away the blues, can you? As long as you are socially distancing, what’s not to like! I have also been in talks with a group

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ASHDOWN FOREST’S

Nutley Windmill

At one time windmills were a common sight across England.

Many have gone, but of the few that remain, some are maintained and restored by local volunteers. One such is Nutley Windmill in Ashdown Forest.

You can’t talk about windmills without getting into the technicalities; it is very easy to become lost in a world of quarter bars, cross trees and the all-important tailpole.

Suffice it to say that Nutley Windmill is a post mill, so the whole body of the windmill turns around a massive centre post in order to be in the right position to take advantage of the wind. The centre post is fixed to four substantial wooden ‘cross trees’ that form a solid, square base. Early mills had the post, and often the cross trees, sunk into the ground to give greater stability, but later designs had the timbers raised, often on brick or stone pillars, to prevent the wood rotting in the ground. Nutley windmill has that arrangement, making it what is known as an opentrestle post mill, of which Nutley is the last in Sussex, and one of only five left in England. It is Grade 2* listed.

The open-trestle post mill is the oldest form of windmill in England. The design was known in the twelfth century, and for 300 years virtually all windmills in

England were post mills. Later developments included tower mills, in which the body of the mill is fixed and only the cap, with the sails attached, turned according to the wind direction. However, back to our mill:

It has stood in Nutley since about 1836, but it is much older than that.

Dendrochronology suggests that the post itself may have come from a tree felled in the 1530’s, but we don’t know for certain when our mill was built. It has been suggested that it came to Nutley from Kent; it is known that in the eighteen and nineteenth centuries mills

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ASHDOWN FOREST’S NUTLEY WINDMILL CONTINUED

were loaded on to carts and moved from one place to another which, with the state of Wealden roads at that time, would have been a major undertaking. So, our mill arrived in Nutley around 1836, and soon started grinding corn.

Through the middle and later years of the nineteenth century milling technology developed, and during the 1870’s more efficient sweeps (in Sussex they are sweeps, elsewhere they are called sails) replaced the older style. However, development of milling technology and improved roads and railways to transport ingredients and products, meant mills such as ours became less viable.

Eventually, in 1908, milling at Nutley ceased. Information about its ownership and use in the 20 years after milling ended is sketchy. There is some evidence that the mill might have been used after 1908, but this could only be done when the wind was from the south east.

In 1928 the estate around

the mill, as well as the mill itself and the field in which it stands, was bought by Lord and Lady Castle Stewart.

Lady Castle Stewart took an immediate interest in the mill.

And, seeing the somewhat dilapidated state it was in, arranged for the building of brick piers, reinforced by steel girders, to support the front, and four stout wooden posts at the back. She also saw that the heavy, spring-shuttered sweeps were weakening the structure of the mill, so had them replaced with much lighter sweeps; these were essentially cosmetic, but were described as ‘quite realistic’.

This undoubtedly helped protect the mill, but despite this attention, and other remedial work carried out under Lady Castle Stewart’s oversight over the next 40 years, by the late 1960’s the mill was again in need of serious attention.

In 1968 Frank Gregory, the Sussex windmills expert, led a visit to Nutley. It was clear to the visitors that, without urgent attention, the mill was in imminent danger of collapse. One of the party was Tony Turner, a local builder who had been born near the windmill. Tony was a descendent of Joseph Stevenson, a local brickmaker who had built the adjacent Windmill Cottage, and had been involved with the mill in the 1860’s. With the approval of Lady Castle Stewart, Tony arranged for emergency remedial work to be done.

In October he called a public

meeting to assess interest in saving the windmill. This meeting led to the founding of the Uckfield and District Preservation Society (UDPS), with the immediate aim of preserving Nutley Windmill.

With money raised from that meeting, and donations from Lady Castle Stewart and East Sussex County Council, work could get under way to ensure the future of the mill.

For many years a small group made up of Tony Turner, Frank Gregory, Ken Hamlin and Tony Shaw worked on the mill. They were soon joined by Brian Pike, who still oversees the volunteers working at the mill, and is now Chairman of UDPS. The Society now owns Nutley Windmill, having acquired it from the Castle Stewart Estate in 1995 - incidentally, the Society also owns Bridge Cottage, a fifteenth century Wealden Hall House in Uckfield High Street.

The windmill has made several television appearances. In 1984 Thames Television used it for filming ‘Chocky’s Children’ a six-part children’s series.

Unfortunately, during filming a stock (part of the sweep) was accidentally broken, but the TV company ensured it was promptly repaired. In 2017 you may have seen the mill on postage stamps; it was one three of the country’s surviving water mills and windmills featured on a set of stamps issued by Royal Mail.

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ASHDOWN FOREST’S NUTLEY WINDMILL CONTINUED

Restoration work continues at the mill, carried out by a small group of skilled volunteers who are there on most Wednesday mornings. Work is currently going on to replace the sweeps – of three that were removed last Autumn, one has been replaced and the other two are under repair. The aim is to have all four in place by the Autumn. Brian is always looking for willing hands to help with the restoration – could you help refurbish and preserve a mill that is some 300 years old?

The Uckfield & District Preservation Society (UDPS) charity shop re-opened last month. It had a fabulous first week back, with 280 bags of donations and over 500 visitors to the shop; sales were at near record levels. Not only were customers buying good quality items, but also the upcycled items made by their volunteers: beautiful bags, etc. given a new life, under the ‘Uckfield Heritage’ banner.

Regular open days are held at the mill, normally on Sundays, weather dependent (please enquire beforehand). There is a small Visitors’ Centre where information about the mill is available.

Donations are still being received at Bridge Cottage between 10am and 2pm. All items are quarantined for 72 hours. They are accepting clothing, bric-a-brac, jewellery, puzzles and books, which all sell well. The shop is open 10am to 4pm. They look forward to seeing you.

Information about all aspects of the mill, including opening times, is available from UDPS – visit www. bridgecottageuckfield.co.uk and follow the links.

By Jeffrey Holman

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Answers on page 26 Across 1 Appointment with a specialist or doctor 7 A way to or from which may be plotted 8 Boys 10 Loud sound 11 Cupboards in a fitted kitchen 13 A good deed done without thought of profit 15 Lags behind 17 Jottings 18 Bent line 19 Back of the neck 21 Outline of an object 22 Snapper

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How to choose a swimsuit for YOUR body shape (and why a zip-up suits everyone)

The sun is shining - and we’re all looking forward to going on holiday at some point this year - even if it’s a staycation or a virtual trip to Florida in our back garden.

Whether you’re an hourglass with a nipped-in waist, or an apple with great legs, there’s a style to flatter your figure.

Here, East Grinstead resident and awardwinning stylist, Susie Hasler, who runs Styled By Susie [www.instagram.com/ styled.by.susie/] and specialises in styling women on a budget, reveals her top swimsuit choices for every body shape.

With this in mind, our thoughts turn to swimwear - and how to choose the right one to suit our own individual shape.

Hourglass The hourglass figure is perfectly balanced and in proportion with great waist definition. The hourglass shape looks best in styles that accentuate their perfect proportions and accentuate the waist.

Look for v and scoop necklines to flatter the bust and draw the eye towards your slimmest part – the waist!

Ruching is great for minimising the tummy and patterns work well for your shape. This season, look

for animal prints as well as stripes.

Thicker stripes are more slimming than thinner ones.

If you’re looking for a two piece, you’re best with high-cut, highwaisted bottoms.

They will accentuate your silhouette and lengthen the legs. Retro styles such as halternecks or sweetheart necklines will also work well for you.

Celeb Hourglasses: Holly Willoughby, Kelly Brook, Nigella Lawson.

Rectangle Women with a rectangle shape are slender with a lack of waist definition, but they can carry off so many styles.

If you’re looking for a new swimsuit to wear at the beech or just lazing in the garden, look for ruffles, prints, patterns and even strapless styles.

Hipster style bottoms will add

curves to your shape, while padded tops will fill out the bust.

You can also look for added details such as belts, interesting straps and even cut out styles to add texture and definition to the style (just be careful of dodgy tan lines!).

Celeb Rectangles: Duchess of Cambridge, Fearne Cotton, Jennifer Aniston.

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SWIMSUITS CONTINUED

Apple Apple-shaped women have narrow shoulders and hips but tend to carry most of their bulk around the bust and tummy area.

They also have great legs that should be accentuated by wearing the right outfits, and lower necklines to show off their fabulous boobs.

V and scoop necks work best and if you’re going for strappy, ensure the straps are thick and supportive.

Go for big, bold patterns to skim over the tummy and don’t hide away in a safe black swimsuit!

Celeb Apples: Catherine Zeta Jones, Pink, Jennifer Hudson.

Pear Pear-shaped women have narrow shoulders, broad hips and small waists.

The key to balancing out your style if you fall into this category is by focusing on the top half.

Technically, a pear should stick to plain on the bottom and party on the top. However, there are some pear shapes that can break these rules (that’s where a bespoke

Strawberry Strawberry ladies vary, much like any other shape. They are broader on the top than bottom, and many ‘Strawbs’ did lots of swimming as a youngster.

They can have broad shoulders and a small bust, or they can just be full busted with narrow hips.

Attention should be drawn to their narrowest part, so you can go for bikinis with ruffled bottoms.

Look for tops with deep v necks and avoid strapless and strappy styles at all costs.

Celeb Strawberries: Cindy Crawford, Salma Hayek, Billie Faiers.

analysis comes into play).

This can be done with ruffled bikini tops, high neckline swimsuits and high-cut bottoms.

Pears should also avoid ruffles and stripes on the bottom half, as well as low-rise bikini bottoms.

Celeb Pears: Emma Willis, Kimberley Walsh, Kim Kardasian.

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SWIMSUITS CONTINUED

Cover Ups Gone are the days of the sarong, and in its place are so many more flattering, more versatile styles.

These suit all body shapes and the beauty of them is that many can be dressed up for evening wear to give you more wear.

Zip Ups Hurrah for zip-up swimsuits. Not only do they suit all body shapes, but they’re perfect for mums; especially when you’re running around after the kids.

You can unzip them when you sunbathe, and then zip them up again when you’re bending down making sandcastles or putting suncream on little ones.

SUDOKU

J U LY Q U I Z A n s wers o n Pag e 13 1. What was the name of the first manned lunar landing mission in 1969?

2. One and a half litres of champagne is known as a what?

3. What is the 6th planet in our Solar System?

4. Linseed oil comes from which plant?

5. Red Iron Oxide is more commonly known as what?

6. In which park would you find London zoo?

7. What mythical animal had the head and CROSSWORD ANSWERS body ofQUICK a lion and the wings andQUICK talonsCROSSWORD CROSSWORD QUICK CROSSWORD QUICK CROSSWORD of an eagle?

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The North Sussex Militia in Napoleonic times

by Dorothy Hatswell, East Grinstead Museum After the French Revolution in 1789, Napoleon Bonaparte seized the vacancy left by the execution of Louis XVI to take control of the French government, or to use its new name, Brumiaire, in November 1799.

Between 1803 and 1815 Napoleon fought a series of wars against several different coalitions of European nations.

In 1803, when the threat of invasion by Napoleon Bonaparte was at its height, Militia were formed along the South Coast. In Sussex, the old divisions of the county, dating from the Norman Conquest nearly eight hundred years earlier, came into play. East Grinstead is in the Rape of Pevensey and so it was in this part of Sussex that the North Pevensey Militia was formed.

The southern part was under the command of Lord Gage and the northern portion, which included East Grinstead, under Lt. Col. Charles Abbot, Lord Sheffield.

All the men between 17 and 55 were listed and sorted into four categories: Men between 17 and 55 not married were class 1; those married were class 3; men 31-50 unmarried were class 2; everyone else was in class 4.

The legion trained regularly, at least once a week, usually on Sundays. During hay-making and harvesting they were excused, as most of them worked on farms. When enlisted they were asked, “what implements they could bring with them”.

Many pitchforks billhooks and other farm tools were mentioned. Eventually they were properly equipped and were also issued with uniforms.

They practised their drill in a field near

Newlands. Firing practice was either at Fairlight Farm or at East Court with Major Cranston. In total just over 4000 men were involved, eightyfour of them from East Grinstead.

Against their name was noted their occupation and whether they were willing to serve. Many surnames are still recognisable today: three members of the Bridgeland family served with the Militia as did no less than eight members of the Brooker family who were “willing to serve”. Other familiar names appear also; Edward Wickenden; John Tooth, hatter; Richard Cheal who was a servant and Thomas and James Stiller, ancestors of Molly Stiller who died in the Whitehall bombing in 1942.

Thomas Palmer, senior, was unfit to serve but his son, also Thomas and the Postmaster, was as a 2nd Lieutenant John Stenning was the Sargent and Edward Cranston the Major.

John Godly was willing to serve. He was 36 at the time of the list being drawn up. He was the great- grandfather of Sidney Godley VC– well known, brave, East Grinstead man who served in WW1. Obviously, they were both ready to serve their country.

The invasion threat diminished during 1804 but in August and September 1805 the whole country was aware that Napoleon had amassed 130,000 men, 15,000 horse, 600 guns and a vast flotilla at Boulogne and was only waiting for the English and Spanish fleets to arrive in the Channel. This occurred on October 21st 1805 and the Battle of Trafalgar resulted in an overwhelming victory for the English under the command of Admiral Lord Nelson.

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3 0 THE NORTH SUSSEX MILITIA IN NAPOLEONIC TIMES CONTINUED government under Spencer Perceval*, the Prime Minister of the time, doubled the size of the British Navy.

However, the threat had not disappeared completely.

The Duke of Wellington was asked to lead an army to fight Napoleon on his home soil.

In early 1815 troops were enroute to join Wellington at Waterloo. They rested in a barn at Brambletye. These were regular soldiers not the militia. They were reformed for a short time in 1852 as the Royal Sussex Rifles.

The Duke of Wellington After Nelson's victory the threat of invasion receded and so, in 1806, the North Pevensey Militia was disbanded. They held a celebration dinner at the Swan.

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*Unfortunately, Perceval was assassinated two years before Waterloo but his foresight in strengthening our navy, had kept Napoleon at bay for ten years. Quite co-incidentally Perceval also has tenuous connection to East Grinstead, when he eloped here to be married to his love.

The Battle of Waterloo was fought on June 18th 1815, between the combined armies of England, under the command of Wellington and the Prussian army led by Blucher, and that of Napoleon Bonaparte. Napoleon was decisively defeated, and thus the series of wars which had beset Europe since the 1790s

Between 1805 and 1815 Napoleon fought a series of wars against several different coalitions of European nations. All of them eventually signed Treaties with Napoleon, all of them that is, except England. The

1

was ended. The peace lasted until the Crimean war broke out in 1854.

3 Private instructor

Across 3 Private instructor 6 Leopard-like animal 7 Big bunny 8 Cap peak which shades the eyes 9 Boil down to reduce the volume 12 Texas farm 14 High-pitched bird sound 15 Jersey or jumper 18 Sales promotion 19 Last meal of the day 20 Filthy living conditions 21 Cavalry weapon

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O R V I S E O R A N U A P U L1 S S U P A L A

Down 8 1 Of private concern 2 Laundry stiffener 3 Ceremonial chair 12 4 A column of facts 5 Surprise attacks 6 Conceal information (5,2)15 16 10 Steel emery board (4,4) 11 Ruling sovereign 13 Reluctant 19 14 Spring bulb 16 Customary 17 Long-spiked cottage garden 21 plant

ANSWERS

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