East Grinstead Living June 2020 Issue

E AS T

June 2020

RINSTE AD Living

VE Day flyover Spitfire pilot Matt Jones © Boultbee Flying Academy

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Dear Residents, Whats inside this month Welcome to the June issue.

We hope you are enjoying the glorious weather we are having at the moment: there is nothing better than a bowl of fresh strawberries and cream and glass of something during a long sunny Summer evening.

This month we have a fabulous article about Arthur Conan Doyle and his time living in the Ashdown Forest area and exploring the wider area. We also bring you a piece about a famous Sussex man that many of you may not have heard of: Gideon Mantell.

We bring you all our usual features with 2 great crosswords, sudoku, quiz and easy-to-make recipe.

Arthur Conan Doyle in Sussex

A most elusive, famous Sussex man

We hope you love our front cover photo as much as we do!

There are more photos inside of the wonderful day we had last month month when many of us were lucky enough to witness the Spitfire flyover of Queen Victoria Hospital.

Thank you for supporting our local businesses, who need support more than ever.

Helping the local economy in turns helps the wider community.

May Birdlife

Recipe

All the best for a really lovely Summer.

Tally & Chris East Grinstead Living To advertise call 01342 300152 info@egliving.co.uk www. egliving.co.uk

Forest Fire Warning FOLLOW US ON TWITTER

Spitfire in East Grinstead

East Grinstead Living Notice: East Grinstead Living prints various articles, features, and advertisements. Although these appear in East Grinstead Living, any opinions expressed are the opinion of the author, these are not necessarily the opinion of the publisher. ŠCopyright East Grinstead Living 2020. The contents of this publication are written specifically for our readers, no part may be reproduced elsewhere without express and prior permission.

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© LA Photography © LA Photography

© Tony Trenholme

© Boultbee Flying Academy

Last month most of you will have heard about and seen the Spitfire flyover of our Queen Victoria Hospital to mark the 75th anniversary of VE Day. It was a very emotional and memorable day for all to witness.

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Anwsers 0n page 18

Name the longest river in the UK. In which year was the popular video game Fortnite first released?

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Which soft drink is commonly associated with Scotland?

How many permanent members are there on the UN security council?

God Only Knows was a 1966 hit for which American band?

How many different teams have won the Premier League since the start of the inaugural season in 1992/93?

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Arthur Conan Doyle

Conan Doyle is best known as the creator of the most enduring and dramatized literary character of all time: Sherlock Holmes. He lived in Crowborough for the latter years of his life and frequented Forest row and Groombridge. We are pleased to bring you an article with details of his time in this area: Some background to the life of Arthur Conan Doyle is required before we look at his time in Crowborough and the Ashdown Forest.

From 1897 he was living with his first wife Louise at the purpose-built house Undershaw at Hindhead, all of his other residences were existing properties.

Portrait of Doyle by Herbert Rose Barraud, 1893

in Sussex

Louise had been diagnosed with what was then called galloping consumption (TB) in 1893 and was not expected to live longer than a few months, in fact she lived for a further 13 years.

During 1897 Conan Doyle met Jean Leckie. She became his tour and lecture organiser and a friendship blossomed, and in turn they fell in love but their relationship remained purely platonic.

It appears that the first time Conan Doyle visited the Ashdown Forest was during January 1901 when he stayed for a few days at the Ashdown Forest Hotel (lately known as the Ashdown Forest Golf Hotel in Forest row) and played golf. He did return in March 1901, for the census taken on 31st March shows that Conan Doyle, Miss Jean Leckie and his mother, Mary J. Doyle were staying at the same Ashdown Forest Hotel, his mother perhaps acting as a chaperon.

Louise finally passed away on the 4th July 1906 and her funeral took place on the 6th July at St Luke’s Church at nearby Grayshott.

Naturally Conan Doyle was deeply affected by her death as he entered a time of mourning, but by late 1906,

Sir Arthur Conan Doyle 1914 Conan Doyle was visiting Crowborough, staying with the Leckie family at their house in Lordswell Lane known as Monkstown. It does appear that this may have been the first time he felt well enough to go anywhere, as he had been so distraught by the death of Louise. Just down the lane from Monkstown was a cottage owned by a Mrs Scott-Malden, this was known as Little Windlesham; Conan Doyle fell in love with the house and soon purchased it. It was shortly after turned into a large family house, many extensions being made, and so the name was altered to Windlesham – a name retained to this day.

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ARTHUR CONAN DOYLE IN SUSSEX CONTINUED

On 18 September 1907 Conan Doyle married Jean Leckie at St Margaret’s Church, Westminster, London - the reception was held at The Whitehall Rooms, at the Hotel Metropole.

They took their honeymoon, travelling to Paris, Dresden and then a Mediterranean cruise. It is not known exactly when they moved on to Windlesham, they were still in Turkey on 1st November 1907, so it must have been late 1907 or even early 1908, but 1907 is the accepted year.

You may ask, why did Conan Doyle decide to move and live in Crowborough for twenty-three years from 1907 until his death in 1930; this being roughly one third of his life and he lived there longer than anywhere else.

Of course, finding Little Windlesham was the obvious main reason, but as a keen golf player, perhaps the close proximity to Crowborough

Portrait of Sherlock Holmes

by Sidney Paget, 1904 Beacon Golf Club was another reason, or perhaps the area reminded him of Hindhead.

Whilst living in Crowborough Conan Doyle wrote many Sherlock Holmes adventures, The Valley of Fear published in The Strand Magazine from September 1914 to May 1915. Much of this novel takes place at nearby Groombridge Place. In a letter from Dame Jean

Conan Doyle, daughter of Arthur Conan Doyle to The Conan Doyle (Crowborough) Establishment, she wrote “My father went over there (Groombridge Place) whenever we had guests staying at Windlesham who hadn’t stayed before. He was fascinated by the old house and felt that by showing it off to visitors from overseas he was introducing them to the very essence of England.”

Not only was Sir Arthur a frequent visitor to the house, he also used it as a model for Birlstone Manor in the Holmes adventure The Valley of Fear. In this adventure the drunken garden is described

by Dr. Watson as: “Rows of very ancient yew trees, cut into strange designs…” and the secret seat is described, again by Dr. Watson: “… concealed from the eyes of any one approaching from the direction of the house, there was a stone seat.” Both of these features can still be found there.

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ARTHUR CONAN DOYLE IN SUSSEX CONTINUED which veiled it, and the whole broad Weald was washed in golden light”. During the story Conan Doyle describes the view from the window of Challenger’s house in Rotherfield, but it is clearly describing the view from a window of his own house Windlesham as: “… vivid green stretches of the Crowborough golf course, all dotted with the players.”

Conan Doyle did like a good walk and would very often walk from his home into Crowborough. One of his favourite walks was going up to Crowborough Cross and down St. Johns to the mill-ponds on Ashdown Forest and back home.

On 7 July 1930 at 08.17hrs Conan Doyle died at his home Windlesham from a heart attack in his bedroom, next to his first-floor study at Windlesham. On 11th July he was buried near his writing hut at Windlesham, the original headstone of his grave was of British oak.

The Adventure of Black Peter, a Holmes short story was published in The Strand Magazine in March 1904. During his visit to the Ashdown Forest in 1901 Conan Doyle must have taken walks around the area, for this Holmes story is based in Forest Row. The story is based in the fictional village of Woodman’s Lee, near Forest Row, (probably based on Colemans Hatch).

Dr. Watson describes their arrival: “Alighting at the small wayside station, we drove for some miles through the remains of widespread woods…”, without doubt this would have been the Forest Row station. Mentioned also is the Brambletye Hotel and playing golf, the hotel still exists and there is of course the Royal Ashdown Golf Club where Conan Doyle played during his visit in 1901.

In 1912 Conan Doyle introduced another hero Professor George Challenger in The Lost World, the second Challenger story The Poison Belt published in The Strand Magazine from March to July 1913, is based in Rotherfield.

In this adventure the South Downs, Lewes, Crowborough and the golf course, Jarvis Book and the Courier (the local newspaper) are all mentioned. The following is from the story: “The sun had burst through the grey mists

Written by Brian W Pugh, the Curator of The Conan Doyle (Crowborough) Establishment and author of A Chronology of the Life of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.

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Forest Fire Warning The wildfire danger on Ashdown Forest is extreme. Particularly dry antecedent conditions mean ignitions are likely, resulting in fires that will be difficult to control. Ground conditions remain very dry. The first signs of green up are showing, but there is still plenty of very dry fuel remaining from the winter.

We have rarely seen such severe conditions building on the forest.

Ashdown Forest has already experienced two forest fires this year at Broadstone and Gills Lap. Please help us protect the wildlife of Ashdown Forest by carefully extinguishing cigarettes and not lighting BBQs or campfires.

Forest fires at this time of year devastate rare species and habitats. While many reptiles and insects are mobile enough to escape, birds’ nests with eggs or fledglings are at serious risk.

If you would like to support our forest firefighting team you can donate here: www.justgiving.com/ashdownforestfdn The Ashdown Forest Foundation raises funds to protect and care for this rare habitat.

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MayBirdlife ON ASHDOWN FOREST

Male Cuckoos which arrived from the Congo and Angola in April are frequently ‘calling,’ (what we treat as their call is actually their song) from woodland edges to defend their territories from rival males and to attract females. Most males will have left by June, having mated, and will start the long journey back to tropical Africa. Cuckoos have now been heard on all four chases this May. The first male Nightjar arrived on the West Chase in early May from Southern Africa and staked its territory in mixed woodland with dead bracken understorey. Male Nightjars on both West and North Chases have been heard ‘churring’ (a strange mechanical sound likened to a carpenter’s electric drill) © Chiffchaff by Clive Poole

© Woodlark by Clive Poole

The second half of May 2020 on the West and North Chases has lived up to expectations. May is always the best month here for bird activity since most of the migrants from Africa have now arrived for their breeding season and it has been a warm and dry month.

after sunset on warm evenings. They feed on moths and large low-flying insects over heathland. Tawny Owls and Cuckoos (briefly) have accompanied them for a sunset chorus!

A strange crepuscular bird, the Woodcock has added to the excitement of dusk on the forest, the male making his rapid tree-top flight called ‘roding’.

In early morning, look on the ground in areas where the conservators’ countryside workers have machine-mowed the old, tall, straggly gorse and left behind gorse litter and bare earth. If you spot a movement it may be a rare Woodlark (the German name translated ‘Heathlark’ is more apt) foraging for seeds in the debris. It will fly only a short distance if © Willow Warbler by Clive Poole

21

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22 Two other summer visitors, Willow Warblers and Chiffchaffs have continued to entertain us with their singing. They look superficially indistinguishable, but if you learn, via an app, their completely different songs (like chalk & cheese) you will have achieved a milestone.

disturbed, maybe onto the top of a nearby tree and emit its fluty call.

Male Skylarks are still in full song ascending to the heavens in a joyful cascade of song to raise our spirits. They mostly favour large expanses of heath with grasses or heather and bare earth.

Clive Poole, Ashdown Forest Voluntary Ranger

You will notice small numbers of ‘little brown jobs’ (apart from the dog poo!) especially feeding on the sandy tracks and perched on gorse. These are Linnets and commonly nest and roost in dense gorse on all the chases.

© Dartford Warbler 2 by Clive Poole

There are a few pairs of Dartford Warblers populating all chases of the forest yearround, skulking, and feeding in gorse. If you see a tiny bird with a very long tail ‘pop’ up on top of gorse you may have had a very lucky sighting!

They are far outnumbered in summer by their larger and near relative the Common Whitethroat. The males having arrived in late April from the Sahel in Africa, take possession of any area of gorse with birch saplings to proclaim their territories sometimes with testosterone-filled crazy-song-flights.

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Across 1 Stockbroker or market dealer 7 Football trainer 8 Golden sporting dog?

9 Make corrections 10 Jetty or wharf 12 Grape plant 13 A winter fall 14 Intravenous feeder used in hospitals 15 Nourishment 17 Was put into practise 19 Outfit or costume (3-2) 20 Foot treatment for corns and bunions

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21 Bobbin 22 Indiscriminate Down 1 Amsterdam bulb 2 A shortened form 3 A puzzle in the form of a 14 question 4 Waste metal 5 Secure and unharmed (4,3,5) 6 Dark reflection 19 11 Tear violently 13 French coin 14 Absorb food 21 15 Documents file 16 Pie fruit 18 Vision

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A most elusive, famous Sussex man Gideon Algernon Mantell, the discoverer of dinosaurs, is one of the most historically famous figures in Sussex history. Despite this fact, you would be forgiven for not having heard of him. His achievements were largely overshadowed in his lifetime, and have only really been given the recognition they deserve in modern times.

Born and bred in Lewes, from an early age he developed a deep interest in the many fossils to be found in the chalk quarries of the Wealden countryside.

Geology was in its infancy and Geologists were amateurs, so he chose to study medicine.

He practised from his house in Castle Place, Lewes from 1816 and at the same time began to build his ‘Mantellian Museum’ of fossil finds.

His pivotal discovery was the fossil teeth of an animal he would later call an Iguanodon, found in a stone quarry in Cuckfield. This crucial discovery helped to kick-start our unending obsession and fascination with dinosaurs.

The story goes it was in fact his wife who first set eyes on the fossil: “As she walked, her eyes were irresistibly drawn to a strange shape in a pile of stones heaped by the side of the road. Picking it up, she brushed away the white dust, gently removing any loose rock with her fingers.

Gradually a shape emerged never previously seen by human eye. It was very smooth, worn and dark brown, rather like a flattened fragment of a giant tooth.”

Sketch of Tilgate Quarry with Gideon Mantell overseeing the uncovering of fossils

Gideon sent the teeth to Georges Cuvier in Paris (known as the founding father of palaeontology), who at first suggested that the remains were from a rhinoceros, but in a letter from 1824 admitted his mistake and determined that the remains were reptilian and quite possibly belonged to a giant herbivore. A year later, Mantell scientifically

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A MOST ELUSIVE, FAMOUS SUSSEX MAN CONTINUED

described them and named them Iguanodon (“iguana tooth”) because of their resemblance to iguana teeth.

Until that time, no evidence of huge prehistoric reptilian herbivores had been discovered. Remains of the large carnivore Megalosaurus had been in the collections of the Oxford University Museum of Natural History since the late 1600s, it was only described properly by William Buckland in 1824 - two years after the discovery of Mantell’s Iguanodon teeth.

‘frenemy’ during his lifetime) who made the link between the two specimens and coined the word dinosaur. This crucial naming gave Owen an edge in this new field. He was close to royalty and already moved in the high circles of British Anglican society. Owen was also in the business of proving that these incredulously large and fierce creatures were part of god’s plan and to discount the nascent evolutionary theories floating around. There were various squabbles between the two men interjected by periods of friendship and good correspondence; bad blood seems to have stemmed from these various quibbles and Owen’s lack of proper acknowledgement of Mantell’s significant discoveries and abilities in the field.

However, it was Richard Owen, founder of the Natural History Museum and renowned palaeontologist, considered by posterity to be Mantell’s nemesis (he was more a

Gideon continued his search for more evidence of Iguanodon. Although finds were plentiful, they were usually isolated to random bones and teeth.

People had been baffled by the discovery of dinosaur bones for decades; they thought they belonged to giant people. The critical thing that Mantell did was to recognise that these bones belonged to extinct animals.

Mantell-piece

Illustration of fossil Iguanodon teeth with a modern iguana jaw from Mantell’s 1825 paper describing Iguanodon.

Mantell's "Iguanodon" restoration based on the Maidstone Mantellodon remains

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A MOST ELUSIVE, FAMOUS SUSSEX MAN CONTINUED

In 1834 some workmen accidentally blew up a slab of rock in a limestone quarry near Maidstone in Kent.

The Maidstone Slab, also known as the Mantell-piece, was discovered. The quarry owner, William Harding Bensted, noticed a substance resembling petrified wood. He searched for and reassembled the many pieces.

With a hammer and chisel Bensted followed the outline of the bones until he had ‘brought into view portions of the skeleton of an extraordinary animal’.

Among these were rib fragments, vertebrae, limb bones, parts of the pelvis as well as, crucially, part of a tooth and a clear impression of another. This was the long-awaited discovery Mantell needed.

He acquired enough evidence to show that iguanodon’s forelimbs were much shorter than its hind legs, therefore proving they were not built like a mammal as was claimed by Richard Owen. He also named a new genus of dinosaur called Hylaeosaurus and as a result became an authority on these prehistoric reptiles.

Mantell’s success in the burgeoning world of prehistoric discoveries was set in direct contrast to a gradual crescendo of personal misfortunes. In 1833, Mantell had relocated to Brighton but his medical practice suffered from the move and he was rendered near destitute. The town’s council stepped in and transformed his house into a museum.

There, he gave a series of lectures to captive audiences but the project ultimately failed as Mantell had a habit of waiving the entrance fee. Financially destitute, he offered to sell his entire collection to the British Museum in 1838 for £5000, accepting the counter-offer of £4000. He moved to Clapham Common.

In 1839 his wife left him and the same year his son Walter emigrated to New Zealand. His daughter, Hannah, died a year later in 1840.

In 1841 Mantell was the victim of a terrible carriage accident. He somehow fell from his seat, and became entangled in the reins

Iguanodon appearing in Arthur Conan Doyle's The Lost World and dragged across the ground, suffering a debilitating spinal injury. Despite being crippled and in pain, he continued to work with fossils and published a number of scientific books and papers until his death. He moved to Pimlico in 1844 and began to take opium as a painkiller.

In 1852, after years of opium dependence, Mantell took an overdose. His post-mortem showed that he had been suffering from scoliosis as a result of the accident. In a gory retributive twist, Richard Owen had a section of Mantell’s spine removed, pickled and stored on a shelf at the Royal College of Surgeons of England. It remained there until 1969 when it was destroyed.

At the time of his death Mantell was credited with discovering 4 of the 5 genera of dinosaurs then known.

A play about his life was dramatized in the New Diorama Theatre, London last year which captures the contrast of Owen triumphing while Mantell self-destructs. Mantell wanted

29

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A MOST ELUSIVE, FAMOUS SUSSEX MAN CONTINUED

to punch his way and be acknowledged by the scientific elite, led by Owen, among other establishment figures, but it never happened. He succumbs with one bad decision and twist of fate after another.

In the year 2000, in commemoration of Mantell’s discovery and his contribution to science, the Mantell Monument was unveiled at Whiteman’s Green, Cuckfield. The monument has been confirmed as the location of the first Iguanodon fossils. Further recognition has come in the form of the aforementioned play and hopefully the well-deserved recognition of this Sussex man, as the founding father of all dinosaur discovery, will continue on in the 21st century.

Mantell’s deformed spine, drawn as a preserved specimen

Meat-free cottage pie Recipe

It’s easy to make this delicious cottage pie with vegetarian mince instead of beef. The curry powder spices up the flavour, yet isn’t too strong.

INGREDIENTS • 600g potatoes, cut into chunks • 500g butternut squash, peeled and cut into chunks • 1 tsp vegetable oil • 1 medium onion, chopped • 2 garlic cloves, crushed • 2 carrots, chopped • 300g vegetarian mince • 400g chopped tomatoes • 150ml vegetable or chicken stock • 2 tsp curry powder • 100g closed-cup mushrooms, sliced • 1 courgette, grated • 1 pinch ground black pepper • 2 tbsp cornflour

1.

Cook the potatoes and butternut squash in a large saucepan of boiling water until tender, for about 20 minutes.

2.

Meanwhile, heat the vegetable oil in a large saucepan and gently fry the onion, garlic and carrots for 2-3 minutes, until softened. Add the vegetarian mince, tomatoes and stock. Stir in the curry powder, then add the mushrooms and courgette. Bring to the boil, then reduce the heat and cook, stirring occasionally, for 15-20 minutes. Season with black pepper. If you’re not keen on meat substitutes, use a 410g can of green lentils in water, drained.

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Preheat the grill, warming a large baking dish underneath for a few moments. Meanwhile, drain and mash the potatoes and butternut squash, seasoning with black pepper. You could make the mash with a combination of swede, carrot and potato.

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Blend the cornflour with 1 tbsp cold water and add it to the mince mixture, stirring until thickened. Transfer it to the warm baking dish and spoon the vegetable mash on top. Grill for about 8-10 minutes, until browned. Serve.

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