Offshore WIND Magazine #3 2017

M a g a z i n e f o r T H E O F F S H O R E W I N D I N D U S T R Y | VOL VIII NO 03 2017 | WWW.OFFSHOREWIND.BIZ

Magazine for THE OFFSHORE WIND INDUSTRY

INTERVIEW SIEMENS GAMESA RENEWABLE ENERGY

NEXT GENERATION TURBINES

HUMAN CAPITAL

Price per issue 7 25 Europe | 7 27 Rest of the world

OFFSHORE WIND

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CONTENTS

6

1 |

CONTENTS

3 |

EDITOR’S NOTE

5 | G UEST COLUMN LEO DE VREES Ducht Ministry of Infrastructure & Environment

6 | M AIN INTERVIEW BENT CHRISTENSEN

Siemens Gamesa

12 |

HUB PORTS

Germany

16 | O FFSHORE WIND OUTLOOK Asia

12

22

22 |

NEW BREED OF PERSONNEL

Human capital focus

26 |

HSE

Human capital focus

30 | H R FACTS AND CHALLENGES

Human capital 34 |

NEXT GENERATION TURBINES

Indepth Techtalk

41 |

A WINNING TICKET?

Foundations

44 |

26

TIME-SAVING GROUTING

Foundations

46 | O FFSHORE ENERGY 2017: Transformation through collaboration

30

34

50 |

BREEZES

59 |

WIND FARM UPDATES

69 |

EVENTS

70 |

BUSINESS DIRECTORY

72 |

COLOPHON & ADVERTISERS’ INDEX

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EDITOR’S NOTE

Assessing the future A short while ago I attended the Erasmus Energy Forum and was amazed to see the developments that are already taking place to find future forms of energy. Be it out at sea or within city limits. Though I have never doubted this, it reaffirms my belief that clean energy is here to stay, in any way, shape or form. I also learned that we might very well see a future marriage between hydrogen and offshore wind. Time will tell.

Another great event was the launch of our Vessel Directory 2017, attended by a great many people. It is so lovely to see how useful the industry finds the directory and that it has become a staple since its establishment three years ago.

Looking at this edition we have a foundations and human capital focus, both important pillars within offshore wind. In our main interview you can get to know Offshore WIND Conference speaker Bent Chirstensen of Siemens Gamesa, you can read up on the outlook for the Asian offshore wind market, which trends and challenges can be found in human capital & foundations and what the next generation turbines (ten to 15MW) will look like.

Have you already registered for Offshore WIND Conference? Around 20 plus industry experts will be discussing their vision on the oppertunities and challenges in offshore wind. For more information head to: www.offshorewindconference.biz.

For now, sit back and enjoy the third edition of Offshore WIND. Kind regards, Rebecca van den Berge-McFedries Editor-in-Chief Offshore WIND

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GUESTCOLUMN

LEO DE VREES

Flexibility and an open-mind

SENIOR ADVISOR AT DUTCH MINISTRY OF INFRASTRUCTURE & ENVIRONMENT SPEAKER OFFSHORE WIND CONFERENCE 2017

Up to 2005, spatial planning for the (Dutch part of the) North Sea was mainly limited to arrangements between shipping and oil and gas. Furthermore, there were some rules which described what was not allowed at sea. For other activities, it was a kind of ‘first come, first serve’. Decisions were made by the national competent authority after weighing the interests.

In the period 2006-2007 many applications for offshore windfarms were received (up to 76) since there was subsidy available (for two to three parks in round 2).

This high number was an unwanted development for all parties involved. This unrealistic image of a full North Sea triggered fear and resistance within the harbour, oil and gas and fishing sector. Through strict planning only 17 serious applications followed the newly developed strict roadmap towards licensing and subsidy. At the same time, there was a strong call for more governmental coordination by combining the license with the available subsidy. The challenge is finding a balance between freedom for the market and guidance by the government.

This lead to a series of actions such as the allocation of potential wind areas in the Maritime Spatial Plan of 2009 and its successor in 2016, the new Wind at Sea legislation and ambitious governmental objectives for offshore wind.

The development at sea of offshore wind is only one element of an integrated policy for the North Sea. At present, we are in the process of developing, in close cooperation with all relevant stakeholders, a new North Sea strategy for the period up to 2030 when the new roadmap of the transition towards renewable energy will be implemented. Its ambition depends on the new government but in the Energy Agenda a figure of 1 GW per year is mentioned.

Other ‘agents of change’ are the development towards a robust North Sea ecosystem and a sustainable

seafood/weed production (both fisheries and aquaculture). The spatial demand for windfarms, for nature areas and possibly aquaculture at sea is huge and put pressure on the space for fisheries.

In addition, these three societal objectives have interaction with other uses such as shipping routes, oil and gas industry (including the possible re-use of their assets), coastal defense, military areas and underwater archeology. Through confronting all these objectives and uses with each other, it becomes clear where interests need to be weight and decisions need to be made. It is thereby also needed to incorporate the developments in the waters of our neighbours and especially their ambitions with regard to this energy transition. Although a necessity and challenging, it does not make things easier.

Early and strong involvement of stakeholders is key for a successful and transparent process. However, it also requires flexibility and an open mind of all involved. Fixed positions kill the required creativity in finding solutions. My colleagues and I do realize that although the process in itself may be supported and well -organized, in the end it may be necessary to conclude that certain decisions to develop the North Sea sustainably can have a negative impact on a certain sector, especially in the shorter term. It is to our politicians to make these decisions while keeping in mind how these decisions in the long run lead to a balanced and sustainable North Sea.

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INTERVIEW

Clean Energy “ WHETHER OR NOT WE BELIEVE IN CLIMATE CHANGE, THE CUSTOMER DOES! CLEAN ENERGY IS NO LONGER A ‘NICE TO HAVE’ BUT A ‘NEED TO HAVE’.”

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© Ideol WIND | NO. 01 2017 Offshore

Bent Christensen | Head of Project Management Offshore, Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy

FOLLOWING SIEMENS’ MERGER OF ITS WIND POWER BUSINESS WITH GAMESA IN APRIL, THERE HAS BEEN MUCH SPECULATION ABOUT THE IMPACT THIS WILL HAVE ON THE INDUSTRY AS THE TWO INDUSTRY LEADERS COME TOGETHER. FOR BENT CHRISTENSEN, HEAD OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT OFFSHORE, SIEMENS GAMESA RENEWABLE ENERGY, THE MOVE IS POSITIVE AND HE SEES THE BUSINESSES AS VERY COMPLEMENTARY.

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In terms of geographic regions covered, Gamesa is present where Siemens isn’t and vice versa, he says. “We have a balance of high and low wind technologies and remain fully committed to onshore and offshore wind.

there is now a bigger appetite for offshore wind with the inauguration of Block Island Wind Farm, he stresses.

“The legacy companies are strong in different areas.

The integration programme is well on track and has been accelerated. We have created a fully dedicated ‘wind people’ company. Imagine the strength and impact of this? Our company is ready to compete in a growing and challenging market.”

Crucially European wind developers are moving into the US and to Asia teaming up with local players. “They are now bringing all their expertise in from all the wind farms in Europe. It has been largely local players until now but we are now seeing the big internationals move into these markets.”

Large companies including for example Google, Apple and other huge enterprises are keen on green energy, he stresses. For example Google and Apple have announced that their data centres will all be run on green energy. “Clean energy is no longer a ‘nice to have’ but a ‘need to have’.”

€20 billion project pipeline The new company has some €20 billion worth of projects in the pipeline and have a 75GW installed base together, plus a substantial portfolio of service contracts.

“If looking at the track record of our new company, we have been the ones paving the way for the industry.”

Just taking the offshore sector – currently representing an installed capacity of approximately 13GW – Siemens has installed more than 8GW of this capacity. “We have always been driving the industry and would like to continue to do that in the future.”

Targeting US and APEC

In terms of new markets for the newly merged pair, Christensen believes that they have good geographic representation worldwide and will continue to develop the new offshore markets in both the US and APEC. The first offshore wind turbines have been installed in Taiwan and more offshore wind parks are in operation or under development in China, he emphasises. In US

© Siemens

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© Siemens

Wind energy is an important backbone for companies in and outside of Europe, he adds. And some countries, such as the UK will become more and more independent from fuel import. Already today wind can compete with many other energy sources.” “This industry has brought the costs down and will continue to do so, and why not use a cheap form of energy, which on top is also good for the environment.

There is now even talk of offshore wind being a victim of its own success soon as the cost of wind energy reduces to such as extent that it is in danger of cannibalizing its own revenues, as developers don’t make enough to cover their huge investments. However, Christensen doesn’t believe this will be the case. “Europe is talking about

replacing energy sources - coal-fired power stations and the many nuclear closures across continental Europe.

New energy sources are needed - why should it not be renewables, solar or on- and offshore wind?”

Competing with fossil fuel and even gas Offshore wind is already demonstrating its ability to compete with coal-fired stations and nuclear power plants and soon this will also be the case for gas-fired power stations and even shale, he argues. “We can’t do it today but we will be able to do that in the next years. Post 2020 offshore wind will compete with gas-fired plants. “There are also other benefits – having own energy resources will be fantastic! Not having to rely on imports.

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“There will be plenty of opportunities

Christensen points out that there is also still a huge potential in offshore wind. “Only one per cent of the North Sea’s resources is used.

Future subsidies

in Europe still.

Commenting on the thorny issue of the sector being subsidy-free, Christensen pauses, adding that it is always a difficult question. At the moment when we consider wind farms being subsidy free, they are those that are close to shore and neighbour existing wind farms, so there are maintenance synergies, he says. “However, when we look further from shore in more challenging waters, I think these will still need a subsidy for the next years.” But costs are continually coming down, he stresses, even when going further offshore.

Foundation and turbine production is getting more industrialised.

Society needs

renewables.”

2,500 foundations “For example if you look at foundations, we have mainly deployed monopiles until now and some 2,500 have been installed. Their production is standardised and increasingly industrialised.” In deeper waters however, the industry is now moving towards using jackets. “Until now only 250 have been manufactured and the same design has not been used twice! When we get to the stage when 2,500 have been manufactured the cost structure will be completely different.”

Efforts are continually underway to seek ways to industrialise production and to benefit from economies of scale, he adds, pointing to the size of turbines.

In 1991, Siemens built the world’s first offshore wind farm, Vindeby in Denmark, which is only 1.5 kilometres from shore and produces 4.95MW in water depths of just 5 metres. “The turbines we are now putting up are approximately 20 times larger than installed at Vindeby.

Yet I would not have believed it if you had said that would be the case at the time.”

Bent Christensen will be speaking during the opening session on Offshore WIND Conference on teh possible cannibalisation of the electricity market.

For more information head to: www.offshorewindconference.biz.

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Increasing industrialisation This scaling up will continue, he says, but there is still a question mark about how big turbines will be eventually.

“I am not able to put a number on it, I think we will see turbines bigger than 9MW. But I simply don’t know how big.

I think there is no doubt that we can make bigger turbines but it has to be economically feasible. Siemens Gamesa is happy to play its role in driving a reduction in costs. “The company support and offer solutions whether a wind farm is developed via the multi-contracting route or using extended scope packages. We are flexible and listen to the market.”

At the moment the company is supplying both the foundations and the substation to the Albatros project for example. “If customers want us to supply all the components it becomes more and more integrated and allows us to optimize this solution. “And if you compare

wind to the automotive industry, just consider if we made only one car a day. At the current European pace of 4GW of offshore wind energy a year, this is only a turbine a day! This is not enough. We should aim at least 7 GW a year. If we are really serious about climate change and the Paris Climate Agreement, the world has to do much more than we do today.” Christensen is especially pleased that there is much more cross-country collaboration going on such as the North Sea declaration, which is backing a more standardised solution. There is a commitment for better planning and to align the auctions taking place in different countries, he says.

Grids & storage issues For Christensen, there are transmission challenges in the infrastructure, as seen with the issues surrounding

the German transmission lines. But then again he adds, the industry is seeing more interconnectors between countries, the Netherlands and Denmark, the Netherlands and the UK and so forth. Having the storage capability would also be beneficial, he says.

“And again we are seeing new, smart solutions coming up. Siemens Gamesa is active in this development and testing different storage solutions at this very moment.”

Opportunities outweigh the challenges “There will be plenty of opportunities in Europe still.

Society needs renewables. Siemens Gamesa is a significant player in the industry, has been leading the way, and will continue to do so, including invested in industrialised manufacturing facilities in the UK and a new nacelle factory in Germany.”

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Hubs of Germany

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Mukran Port close to the town of Sassnitz on the island of Rßgen in North East Germany on the Baltic Sea has much to offer the offshore wind industry. The new commercial ferry port was established in the 1980s and has been expanded considerably since the unification of Germany.

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Having no locks, or bridges between the quay and the sea, and no tidal restrictions combined with a maximum water depth of 11.5 metres provides the port with perfect properties to become a major offshore wind hub for the Western Baltic area. Additional properties include the ability to expand on shore for marshalling and large component storage areas giving this port a long-term future in our industry.

Wind Farms in the Baltic Sea The German sector in the Ostsee (Baltic Sea) currently has two operational wind farms EnBW Baltic 1 and EnBW Baltic 2, to which Iberdrola’s Wikinger Offshore Wind Farm will be added as operational later this year. At the time of writing the Wikinger Wind Farm has 48 of the 70 wind turbines already installed, while the fourth wind farm the E.ON and Statoil partnership’s Arkona Becken Südost has recently moved into the construction phase and is due to become operational by 2019. These wind farms are all within a short sailing time from Mukran Port, although the smaller port of Barhoft, on Rügen’s western coast, provides a shorter sailing time for crew transfer vessels (CTVs) currently working on the EnBW Baltic 1 wind farm.

Wind Farm Construction The 10 hectare site of the Offshore Terminal South was first used for the construction of the EnBW Baltic 2 Wind Farm in 2014. The Wikinger and Arkona wind farms are both using the port for their construction and installation work.

600 tonne jackets for the Wikinger Wind Farm were able to be safely transferred in the port from the transit vessel that had brought them from Navantia’s shipyard facilities in Fene, North West Spain, and Bladt´s facilities in Lindo, Denmark, where they were constructed, to the installation vessel. On Mukran’s Offshore Terminal South the 70 Adwen M5000-135 5MW wind turbines for Wikinger have been marshalled prior to installation.

The Arkona offshore wind farm will feature sixty Siemens 6MW wind turbines mounted on monopile foundations installed at depths of 23 to 37 metres.

The wind farm is located some 35 kilometres northeast of Rügen Island.

O&M Facilities Now, both Iberdrola and the E.ON and Statoil partnership are building their operation and maintenance bases in the port of Mukran. For the long-term operations, a purpose built two story office building was inaugurated earlier this year by Iberdrola on the quayside of Offshore Terminal South, Berth 1.

The building includes the wind farm control room, several workshops and a material warehouse, some of which will be shared with the turbine manufacturer, Adwen. This will become the operational hub for the wind farm for the next 25 years. Offshore Terminal South has a quay length of about 600 metres.

The Offshore Terminal North area consists of another twelve hectares for marshalling and storage facilities with a heavy-duty quay side capable of supporting 20 tonnes per m². It is here that the following construction work to be completed will be for the E.ON / Statoil partnership which is developing a 3,000m² base and office complex which consists of offices and common spaces as well as a warehouse for spare/ replacement parts for their 385MW wind farm. Their investment here is just under € 4m. This section is due to be fully operational by 2018. Once in service, the wind farm would create up to 50 permanent jobs for highly skilled staff in operations, administration, and maintenance as well as, indirectly,

“ In July 2017 there were six to twelve offshore related vessels per day.”

another 100 jobs for external service providers. These projects provide the Sassnitz area with important economic impetus. Up to 300 people help build these wind farms during the two-year construction phase and the related input into the local economy has a long term effect. Development on shore is not the only planned construction work. For the O&M harbour another breakwater is planned which will ensure easy berthing facilities which will not be effected by wind or sea state/ swell. The port itself handles grain vessels as well as other general cargo vessels and regular ferries amongst others to and from the Swedish port of Trelleborg. The Rügen Island Airport is 30 minutes’ drive from the port.

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Offshore Wind Outlook: Asia 16

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Annual statistics from the Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC) have shown there were 14,384MW of offshore wind capacity installed globally at the end of 2016. According to the Asia Wind Energy Association, the wind turbines installed off the coasts of China, South Korea, Japan and Taiwan together reached more than 2,100MW at the end of 2016.

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“I think the region will ramp up the installation of offshore wind very quickly and this is because we have the advantage of learning from Europe’s experience.”

With Europe leading the way in offshore wind installations by having a share of 12,631MW at the end of the last year and the United States contributing with its first 30MW offshore wind farm, Asia is both well ahead North America and well behind Europe.

Although it possesses vast offshore wind resources along its coastlines, the reason for Asia not being in Europe’s position is that they are some 20 years behind European industry and the development in some of the countries in Asia started only a few years back, Edgare Kerkwijk, a board member and one of the founders of the Asia Wind Energy Association told Offshore WIND. However, the offshore wind industry in the region is thriving and current plans and targets across Asian countries with offshore wind resources are setting the path for a ramp-up in new installations.

“In Asia, we might not need 20 years to come to the 15GW mark since everything will go much faster, especially due to lower installation costs and advanced technology. I think the region will ramp up the installation of offshore wind very quickly and this is because we have the advantage of learning from Europe’s experience,” Kerkwijk said.

China, South Korea, Japan and Taiwan, where offshore wind activity has been concentrated so far, will soon be joined by Australia, India, Thailand and Vietnam. These countries are expected to become a part of the global offshore wind market in 5 years, according to a presentation from the Asia Wind Energy Association.

Challenges that are in the way of accelerating offshore wind development are mainly related to policies and grid infrastructure. Nevertheless, Asian offshore wind sector has been increasingly engaging with European companies and organisations to make improvements in various areas, from tendering procedures to offshore wind technology.

Adding, not only replacing Edgare Kerkwijk

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By 2026, China, South Korea, Japan and Taiwan are expected to install

11.2GW of offshore wind. Some 5GW of this is estimated to be done in China alone. Four years later, the region is anticipated to have more 15GW of offshore wind installed, with around 1GW added annually.

Same as most of the rest of the world, the region is making efforts to reach goals set out in the Paris Agreement and lower carbon emissions even regardless of the agreement itself.

However, while Europe and the U.S. are primarily focused on replacing conventional sources of energy with renewables to make their energy mixes cleaner, some of the countries across Asia are also bound to add new capacity due to rapidly increasing electricity demand. “We are not only replacing conventional sources with renewable energy, we are adding further capacity to densely populated areas where electricity demand is continuously growing,” Kerkwijk explained.

In achieving both the Paris Agreement goals and build-up of electricity supply, offshore wind is one of the most feasible ways to go. In addition to the capability of adding larger amount of energy capacity at once and having low visual impact, offshore wind farms are also not occupying land, which is an important factor for densely populated areas in Asia.

China In 2016, 592.2MW in new offshore wind farms was added and China wrapped up last year by having a total of 1,627MW in installed offshore wind, according to Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC). This led to China passing Denmark and taking the 3rd place in the global installed offshore wind capacity with 11 per cent, with Denmark now accounting for 8.8 per cent. (The UK and Germany remain being the two biggest offshore wind markets with a share of 36 per cent and 29 per cent, respectively.)

China’s latest Five-Year Plan has set a target of 5GW of installed offshore wind capacity by 2020, downgrading the outlook from the 10GW set in the previous plan.

Challenges that the country’s offshore wind industry is facing include a lack of technical knowledge to a certain extent, delay of concessional projects, and high Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE).

Looking to overcome the current issues, China has been working on each of them to further advance the sector and speed up project development.

Although it might be a closed market in view of investors, China is rather open to collaborating with various companies and organisations from Europe to bring in the necessary expertise.

Regarding governmental support, the country has seen a push forward as the National Energy Administration (NEA) replaced regulation for offshore wind issued in 2010 with a new set of rules that simplify planning and approval processes and make provincial governments main bodies for giving out project approvals.

Offshore wind LCOE levels in 2016 – brought forward at Final Investment Decisions and unsubsidised – stood at approximately EUR 114/MWh. By 2025, the Asia Wind Energy Association estimates that LCOE will fall to EUR 56.1/MWh. Offshore wind support tariff for nearshore wind farms was EUR 113/MWh and EUR 100/MWh for inter-tidal projects in 2016. The newly proposed tariffs supporting offshore wind are EUR 100/MWh for nearshore and EUR 93/MWh for inter-tidal projects.

Kerkwijk said that China is now the main driver in offshore wind development in the region. The country has a big programme to add more and more wind farms along its coast, and it has become more sophisticated in developing offshore wind projects.

Some of China’s first projects were not well constructed, but this is largely improving as the country is also tapping into the expertise of some of the European players.

South Korea South Korean waters splashing the Jeju Island coast are now home to 35MW of offshore wind capacity. This includes

“China is now

the 30MW Tamra project, the country’s first utility-scale offshore wind farm, as well as two demonstration turbines totalling 5MW installed in 2011.

The Tamra offshore wind farm is part of the first phase of the 2.5GW Southwestern Offshore wind project.

Further 60-80MW are scheduled to be installed by 2019 within the first phase, while the second phase will add new 400MW and is expected to start operation by 2022. The remaining 2GW are planned to be added by 2030 at the latest.

Active offshore wind development off Jeju Island is driven by the Carbon Free Island Jeju by 2030 plan, in which the local government has set out a goal of the island being powered 100 per cent by clean energy by 2030.

In January 2017, a memorandum of understanding (MOU) was signed for the development of an offshore wind project with a total capacity of up to 96.8MW at South Korea’s estuarine tidal flat Saemangeum. In June, South Korea’s President Moon Jaein announced plans for the country’s transition to renewables and phase-out of nuclear and coal plants, adding he will focus on developing solar and offshore wind power and thus underpinning the government’s support for these renewable energy sources.

The Asia Wind Energy Association expects 1.1GW to be installed in South Korea by 2026. Market potential amounts to 19.5GW, out of the 76GW of the overall technical potential.

Offshore wind target for 2035 is 10.6GW. By comparison, by 2035, South Korea aims for only 2.2GW of wind power on land.

The country has the largest announced offshore wind project pipeline in Asia Pacific, excluding China, according to the Asia Wind Energy Association. Most of these projects are in early planning stages and are mostly concentrated in the Southwest region, rich in high wind speeds and focal point of the government’s plans to add 10GW in addition to Jeju Island. South Korea is the only market in Asia Pacific

the main driver in offshore wind development.”

that currently bases its offshore wind policy on Renewables Portfolio Standard (RPS) obligation instead of a feed-in tariff. The challenges are pretty much similar to those in China, with the need for more expertise and high LCOE in focus.

Even though key aspects such as political will, abundant resources and strong maritime and manufacturing capabilities are in place, the industry in the country is still in early stage of development and lacks more expertise in wind generation technology – mostly in terms of more powerful turbines – as well as construction experience and vessels specialised in handling large-scale projects. Regarding LCOE, it will need to decrease by 40 per cent by 2025 and 55 per cent by the end of 2035, according to the Asia Wind Energy Association. The costs will be cut after the South Korean industry gains enough experience and benefits from economy of scale. Nevertheless, with vast offshore wind resources, political support and the fact that it is the only country in Asia, besides China, to complete a utility scale offshore wind farm, South Korea is set to take on more offshore wind projects.

Japan Japan ended 2016 with 59.6MW of offshore wind power, with 28 turbines installed offshore, including three floating wind turbines. Further 2,486MW of offshore wind projects are currently under various stages of development, according to GWEC, with several projects anticipated to start construction within the coming few years.

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The Asia Wind Energy Association expects 1.8GW of installed offshore wind in Japan by 2026, with the first projects to be added within the port areas. Namely, marine areas in Japan are designated either as a port associated area or as a general sea area. Although two thirds of the planned projects are located in the general sea area, the port projects will be in focus over the next five years due to a more simplified permitting process and lower overall project costs, according to the Asia Wind Energy Association.

Regarding the marine area designation, GWEC said that the Japanese Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism amended the Port and Harbor Law in May 2016 to promote offshore wind power development, allowing the use of designated water zones in port areas for developers for

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20 years, thus reducing project risk.

Furthermore, these areas have good infrastructure facilities for construction and grid connection. “When it comes to the General common sea area, there is no law or regulation for offshore wind power. It is governed by Thomas Hobbes’ so-called the war of all against all, and therefore, it is a huge business risk to undertake projects in the General common sea area. The Japanese Cabinet in charge of ocean policy together with MILT are trying to improve the situation but it will take some time,” GWEC stated in its 2016 global offshore wind report.

The Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA) said that Japan could have 10GW of offshore wind by 2030, pointing out that the country’s offshore wind resources have

been largely overlooked but have tremendous potential and can viably contribute to the Japan’s baseload power in the post-nuclear era. Japan Wind Power Association (JWPA) has also recently highlighted the country’s potential for having 10GW of offshore wind capacity by 2030 with 4GW of wind turbines being mounted on floating foundations.

Issues that are keeping Japan from boosting the development of offshore wind power rest with regulatory frameworks and national grid infrastructure. Lengthy processes in obtaining environmental permits and agreements are among the main reasons slowing down offshore wind development in the country. Still, Japan has a strong project pipeline, with most of the currently planned projects being

situated along the western coastline, especially in the central region, where fixed foundations can be used thanks to water depth and seabed condition.

The country’s energy plan, announced

by Taiwan’s President Tsai Ing-wen, also involves improvement of the power distribution system.

“Asia has set

Despite the focus on installing grounded foundations at the moment, floating wind is said to be most suited for Japan.

As well as many others involved in the industry, Kerkwijk also expects this part of the industry to have a notable take-off in Japan. Although some of the Japanese developers are already actively pursuing this kind of projects, floating wind will have its place in Japan once it gains more momentum globally and floating structures reach a more mature point.

The country is targeting 520MW of installed offshore wind capacity by 2020 and 3GW by 2025. The government has identified 36 offshore locations for offshore wind development, and 21 projects are currently in the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process.

What now stands in the way of Taiwan further ramping-up the installation of offshore wind comes down to the current lack of supporting infrastructure such as dedicated ports, construction experience and local supply chain resources, as well as a lack of project management and project financing experience. Also, the Asia Wind Energy Association lists political risk and low government efficiency on policy execution as some of the factors.

Yet, all of the above seems to be on the path towards being worked out, as the Taiwanese government has a clear development plan and provides good incentives with two different feed-in tariff (FIT) schemes. There is also strong government support in developing offshore wind backed by appropriate infrastructure in terms of ports and vessels, according to the Asia Wind Energy Association.

offshore wind

Taiwan At the end of April 2017, Taiwan issued its first ever commercial operating licence for an offshore wind farm – the 8MW Formosa 1 Phase 1 wind farm off the Miaoli County. The project has been set up as the first phase of the 128MW Formosa 1 offshore wind farm.

The remaining 120MW are scheduled to be installed by 2019. DONG Energy and Macquarie Capital acquired a combined 85 per cent stake in the Formosa 1 offshore wind farm at the beginning of this year. In late 2016, the Denmark-headquartered offshore wind developer also revealed its ambition to develop four offshore wind farms in the Changhua area in Taiwan.

When asked about whether the interest of the offshore wind giant is a good sign for the country’s industry, Kerkwijk confirmed, adding that a very good sign of Taiwan’s future position on the global offshore wind map is not only DONG’s commitment but also the interest of a variety of investors, including companies such as the Danish fund management company Copenhagen Infrastructure Partners (CIP). Along with foreign investors, the state-owned Taipower plans to install massive offshore wind capacity in the country, with 1,010MW planned for Changhua county alone. Taiwan’s government aims to phase out nuclear power plants and have an energy mix containing 50 per cent natural gas, 30 per cent coal and 20 per cent renewable energy by 2025.

In line with this, it might be worth to mention that Taipower and Taiwan International Ports Corporation (TIPC) have recently signed an agreement on the development of three offshore wind-dedicated sites at the Port of Taichung, where the construction works already started. According to Kerkwijk, Taiwan also needs to work on upgrading its national grid infrastructure to accommodate more offshore wind capacity and sees this as the next thing needed to be addressed in the country that has a strong offshore wind outlook.

The market of tomorrow Asian offshore wind development is still to some extent hindered by lengthy processes, but the countries are looking to improve their permitting systems to accelerate the installation of wind turbines at sea. Some of the countries

ambitious goals from the start.”

are still struggling as several factors need to come together to facilitate faster offshore wind development.

“To ramp up the installation of offshore wind, a country needs a well-developed master plan for offshore wind, large grid capacity, maritime zoning and proper planning. And this is a problem for some countries in Asia the same it is for some European countries,”Kerkwijk said.

But there is no major hold-up as governments are learning and putting in effort to further improve what they can. “It is important for some of these countries to open up more and look at what has been done in Europe, learning from the lessons and previous mistakes done there,” Kerkwijk said. He pointed out that Taiwan’s advantage is that it is following the European example when it comes to setting up its system for offshore wind, from EIA process, zonal development to government’s commitment to renewable energy targets.

Kerkwijk highlighted the Dutch system as a model that should be looked to, since it leads to big cost reduction and removes risks for developers. Given that Asia has an abundance of offshore wind energy to tap into and has set ambitious offshore wind goals from the start, while at the same time the global industry has matured, the future of this renewable energy source looks bright in the region.

“The current offshore wind market is led by Europe, but Asia-Pacific is the market of tomorrow,” the Asia Wind Energy Association stated in one of its presentations.

Offshore WIND | NO. 03 2017

21

HUMAN CAPITAL

New breed of personnel How can the offshore wind industry recruit sufficient qualified personnel to support both the construction, installation, operation and maintenance of the existing projects and wind farms and those projects already planned, due to become operational within the next five years? It may be a fortunate situation that there is probably a limit to the amount of construction and installation work that can take place at any one time. To a great extent this limit is set by two factors, namely the individual government regulations on noise mitigation and the number of suitable vessels and equipment that are able to carry out this work. However, in existing wind farms the operations and maintenance sector is in a very different situation.

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Offshore WIND | NO. 03 2017

The decrease in offshore oil and gas activities, specifically those activities in the drilling sector, has released a large number of mechanics, electricians and other ranks with offshore experience, to be available for work in offshore wind… once that they have accepted the lower salary rates. Offshore WIND has spoken to three companies in the human resources sector about the challenges and accomplishments experienced in this sector. Two of these companies, The Offshore Partners have moved into the offshore renewables sector and redwave as a natural progression from the offshore oil and gas sector.

The third company, Taylor Hopkinson Associates, was specifically established to serve the renewable industries sector with focussing on the sector’s small very specific requirements. Their founder and CEO, Tom Hopkinson, described the type of person that they are typically asked to find for the wind farm developers and consultancies. For them a relevant university degree with industry sector experience are their first requirements. A minimum of five years working in whichever relevant sector in the offshore wind industry is generally seen as the minimum. They have provided their clients with personnel from complete project management and found the experts in planning, consent and environmental issues in the earlier stages of projects. Their advantage is that they are working with people who have a history in the offshore wind sector and they are already working within this salary level structure.

Engineers, electrical, mechanical and

civil, are always in demand and as projects become increasingly larger and complex the demand for people working on ancillary technology, energy management, smart grid and storage, to level to intermittent output problem, they are seeing increased investment here and the resulting need for these experts.

Not coming back to where it was In Aberdeen, this salary level structure has for many people still to be accepted. With a total company experience going back over 40 years in the offshore oil and gas sector, RedWave UK in Aberdeen, the heart of the North Sea Oil and Gas industry, have already found success in their relatively new offshore wind energy division. There are some people who have by now realised that it, the oil and gas pay level structure, is not coming back to where it was, at least not in the immediate future. Optimistically it will be at least another year before this will return. They say that simple ‘supply and demand’ will get the offshore wind rates of salary to a higher level relatively soon, but still lower than the good days in the oil and gas sector.

Many of the earlier RedWave work force personnel have now retrained and are looking for opportunities within not only the offshore wind sector, but overall in the renewable energy, because of the stability of the long-term plans in Europe which are developing far faster than any sort of recovery in the oil and gas sector. Susan Caddell, their UK Sales Manager, has introduced various new

During Offshore WIND Conference a session will focus on the challenges within human capital in the road up to 2023 and beyond with speakers David Molenaar, Country Division Head Wind Power, Siemens Gamesa and Paul Boumans, Commercial Director, Falck Netherlands.

Find more information on the website: www.offshorewindconference.biz.

ideas to maintain their position in this challenging market. One idea recently introduced is their ‘apprenticeship scheme’, the Modern Apprenticeship (MA) scheme. This gets people retrained, offering ‘an opportunity to cross train and share learnings from different sectors.’ The offshore wind industry will need skills experience at all levels of education and ability to move with the industry to where the opportunities lie will improve chances of finding work. This is not only applicable to the work force but also to RedWave UK as well. Aberdeen is a long way away from the most active U.K. offshore wind areas in the Southern sector of the North Sea, and their staff have been travelling South a lot in the past months visiting the project companies in the South East.

Offshore WIND | NO. 03 2017

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is where their personnel have gained experience. They are now looking at gaining experience in operations and maintenance.

Whether for construction and installation or operation and maintenance contract they would certainly favour the projects where the personnel working and living offshore on accommodation platforms or vessels. The support vessels that are being built for this purpose will need teams of 30 men working offshore for whatever rotation schedule, 2, 3 or 4 weeks, and then another team on shore on leave on the opposite ‘hitch’, plus relief personnel for ad hoc situations, holidays and sickness for example would mean keeping 80 people per vessel. If the vessel is large enough they see the possibility of 24-hour operations to maximise the expensive vessel’s work yield. Already they have recognised that finding experienced offshore wind technicians and engineers is difficult. With every support vessel that is mobilised the difficulty increases.

Supplying multiple vessels is probably the only way too run this type of contract efficiently.

Again, the difference in salaries is difficult to avoid. Earning over €600 each day offshore in the ‘good days’ of high oil prices cannot be duplicated in in offshore wind, and Eastern European technicians will be finding employment to provide the same level of experience that is required, but at lower rates.

The idea of setting up an office base in this area is becoming increasingly attractive.

Gaining experience A recent entry into the renewable sector with over 13 years’ experience in offshore engineering projects The Offshore Partners, usually known as TOP, started on refurbishing offshore platforms, running the complete project with their own personnel. We spoke to crewing manager Winfred Nugteren and their Senior Naval Architect, Remmelt Heemskerk. In later years they moved

to providing the personnel on other projects being managed by the client.

Since Q3 of 2016 they have started to see how the renewable sector can benefit from their expertise and have already gained recognition in the market. Initially they have targeted construction and installation work working with some of the jack up platform operators. Foundations and jackets are common to both the oil and gas and offshore wind industries and so are the personnel who engineer these projects. Working offshore on such projects for periods of weeks rather than commuting daily to the installations

Three different companies with three different business models, but with one common factor – they all have to overcome challenges left by the legacy of the offshore oil and gas sector.

All three companies see the future as being exciting and innovative, with good opportunities for technicians and engineers at every level being needed in increasing numbers. It is an international industry and the ability to relocate, even to another country, will provide even better opportunities… just as it always has done in the oil industry.

Offshore WIND | NO. 03 2017

25

HUMAN CAPITAL

26

Offshore WIND | NO. 02 2017

The missing link?

Cost reduction: competence Every responsible business will state that the drive for efficiency gains (cost reductions!) should never be at the expense of compromising health and safety performance. The legal, contractual, economic and reputational implications are just too great to even imply corners are being cut. However, it is becoming clearer, that as the offshore wind sector moves to the next stage of growth and maturity that there needs to be a greater focus on organisational learning and technical and safety competence if further safe and sustainable cost reductions are to be maintained.

The offshore wind sector has made considerable progress in reducing the levelised cost of electricity (LCOE). This is most obvious with the cost reduction seen in technology (CAPEX/OPEX), finance & supply chain improvements.

However, are we missing a further opportunity to achieve even greater efficiency gains through improved harmonisation and standardisation of design and process based standards and the opportunities that can be gained by enhancing levels of training and competence across the wind supply chain?

The wind sector deserves credit in developing what are now global training standards, in effect, in less than a decade. We see this now in what are the default global standards via the Global Wind Organisation (GWO). Combined with the enhanced governance and verification processes we have seen

in recent years (e.g. Winda) – safety training has a good story to tell.

However, the safety performance compared to benchmark sectors remain higher than we would like and the next phase in the cost reductions being sought will present some enormous challenges.

Picking winners The opportunities to reduce costs and enhance business/process efficiencies while maintaining and improving health & safety performance are numerous and complex – but in simple terms could be broken down into: 1 P roduct (Improved design and operational safety of technologies e.g. turbines) 2 P rocess (Maximising the efficiency of effectiveness of key support processes e.g. inspections, surveys)

3 P rocurement (Improving the quality of the supply chain and contractor appointments) 4 Policy (Agreeing and applying suitable and effective governance and management system standards) 5 People (Moving towards a risk based approach to organisational learning and training) While all the above are vital areas to look at, enhancing the skills and competence is now seen as a critical area where the wind sector needs to adopt a more robust and proactive approach.

Practical Action Key areas where there are significant opportunities to enhance safety standards but also improve the wider sector capa­ bility in managing risk include improved “baseline training”; a greater focus on safety critical roles – but also the importance of looking at “soft skills”.

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27

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BASIC TRANING

COMPETENCE

SOFT SKILLS

SAFETY CRITICAL

Baseline training Once an employer has fulfilled their duty to eliminate risks so far as is reasonably practicable, they are required to provide such information, instruction, training and supervision as is necessary to address the residual risks. A person can be considered competent if they have suitable and sufficient: • Understanding of the risks and safe systems of work that are relevant to the location where they are working • Knowledge of the specific tasks to be undertaken, and the risks that they entail • Training, experience and ability to undertake their assigned duties, and sufficient understanding to recognise their own limitations.

Industry training standards (e.g. GWO) provide a good baseline – but alone will not demonstrate an individual is “competent”. Many companies build on this training to ensure employees and contractors are competent. However, the move to more outsourcing of technicians and related roles increases the risk that the verification of essential safety competencies could fall through the cracks. To reduce this risk the industry needs to ensure employees/contractors are provided with: • Suitable task/role specific induction and training - especially at a project/site level • Regular briefings and updates on new, live or dynamic risks • Regular “hands on” refresher training to minimise the risk of skills fade.

potentially safety critical roles is essential.

The risks of some roles is obvious (e.g.

HV Safety) – but in many cases the safety risks and consequences that could follow a ‘bad decision’ are less clear. While there is no accepted ‘right’ approach - it is recommended that organisations undertake more comprehensive training assessments that integrate the specific needs of individual roles alongside the wider risk management processes carried out. Examples of roles and activities that could be deemed ‘safety critical’ in the wind sector include: • Hazard/Activity specific e.g. HV/SAPs, confined spaces, first responders, lifting supervisors, cable jointers, technical & safety trainers etc.

• Support roles e.g. marine coordinators, client reps, H&S advisers, designers, inspectors (statutory), site/project managers, operational controllers, logistics etc.

These are indicative only – the main point is to identify potentially safety critical roles, understand the consequences of failure and then develop a risk based plan that addresses the technical and safety competence gaps.

Soft skills We are seeing the emergence of a wider range of delivery & assessment options (e.g. role play, exercises, interactive, e-learning etc.) though health and safety training is still dominated by classroom based instruction. The training above is calling out for innovation to make it more

engaging and relevant. Even if this is improved – its value will be limited unless we also invest in the “soft skills” to support the role and individual. This is a vast area with extensive academic and educational theory to support those interested.

Examples that are relevant include: • Personal Skills e.g. Communications, coaching/mentoring, decision making, team work, problem solving • Self-Resilience e.g. Situational awareness, interpersonal skills, selfawareness, mindfulness, personal safety The wind sector has a remarkable story to tell and the future opportunities remain very positive. The training provided to date are a good benchmark.

However, if the offshore wind sector is to continue to grow, reduce costs and improve safety performance, there must be a collective investment in developing a truly competent workforce and in turn we create the “learning organisations” that differentiate the average from world class performing businesses.

Chris Streatfeild is Director of Forge Risk. Forge Risk is a risk management consultancy specialising in the renewable energy sector. (www.forge-risk.co.uk)

Safety critical roles It is understandable why training often focuses on technicians and frontline employees - however experience in managing risks in complex environments makes clear that developing the competence of individuals working in

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29

HUMAN CAPITAL

Human capital Facts and challenges

Each country active in offshore wind finds itself in different stages. For instance, the Netherlands has just wrapped up Gemini and is now looking to the future towards the start of Borssele; the United Kingdom is in a different place entirely, as is Germany.

Where lie the differences, the advantages for the economy and the challenges in finding the right people? Offshore WIND delves deeper to find out.

According to the WindEurope statistics from January 2017, 3,589 wind turbines were installed and grid-connected in Europe with an average size of 4.8MW per turbine. Work was carried out in 15 wind farms and a total of 24.2GW in new projects was consented. Offshore wind is an international market with many challenges such as the post2020 pipeline and how to find the right (amount of) personnel.

“Countries with the highest number of renewable energy jobs, so not solely offshore wind, were China, Brazil, the United States, India, Japan and Germany. “In 2014, for the fourth year in a row, member states of the European Union witnessed a decline in renewable energy employment. As in previous years, economic crises and adverse policy conditions led to reduced investments. The total number of jobs fell by 3 per cent to reach 1.17 million

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Offshore WIND | NO. 03 2017

in 2015. The wind industry accounted for most of these jobs, led by Germany, the United Kingdom, Denmark, Sweden, Greece and Austria, while a few other countries saw some progress.

The United Kingdom, Germany, and Denmark were the global leaders in offshore wind employment. A third of Denmark’s 30,000 wind jobs, for instance, depend on offshore projects”, according to IRENA’s Renewable Energy and Jobs – Annual Review 2016 report, that showed that wind energy saw an employment increase of 5 per cent in 2015 and that there are now 1.1 million people working in the whole wind energy sector.

The wind energy industry is maturing and has grown rapidly in recent years. Employment in the United Kingdom requires personnel with science, technology, engineering and mathematics skills. “Although overall the

UK does not have a shortage of STEMskilled employees, there are some ‘acute shortages in specific occupational areas’, including engineering occupations which include many jobs in the wind sector. In the complete renewable energy sector in 2014, 37 per cent of firms reported a number of ‘hard to fill vacancies’”, according to the Debate Pack. “In the wind energy sector specifically, a shortfall of 7,000 qualified personnel was reported in Europe already in 2013/2014. This figure could rise to 15,000 by 2030 if the number of STEM graduates entering the profession remains at the current rate. In a Europewide survey conducted in 2013, 78 per cent of wind power sector companies reported that they found it difficult or very difficult to recruit suitably qualified staff.”

“Dutch companies have a 25 per cent share in the European 40 billion offshore

investment”, a report by TKI Wind op Zee Career states. “These investments lead to more employment.” In the Netherlands around 4,000 people are active within wind energy and this could increase too many as 30,000 jobs by 2030 on all levels, so Intermediate Vocational Education, higher Vocational Education and academic. “As there is a general lack of technical personnel and limited training capacity on all levels, there is no certainty in guaranteeing the industry will get its required workforce.”

The report states technical educational institutes will need to step up and prepare for the future developments in close cooperation with the industry. TKI Wind op Zee and the Netherlands Wind Energy Association has joined forces in the Career project aimed at coordinating research and education for the wind industry, which will need to be guided by both business and government as there is much to be done to increase

the inflow of new people, which starts in early school years. There is also much that has be done to realise an increase from sector related people such as maritime or oil and gas. Unemployment can be prevented in the fossil energy sector if they can be retrained efficiently for the wind sector.”

Sharing the load RenewableUK also points this out in that a shared sea also implies a shared workforce, stating: “Right now the UK’s oil & gas industry is facing one of the greatest crises in its history, and low international oil prices are impacting on investment and employment. Many in the industry are thinking long and hard about the industry’s long-term prospects. Hardest hit have been cities like Aberdeen but the impact has been felt in coastal communities from Shetland to Lowestoft.”

The worries stemming from oil and gas could well prove fruitful for offshore wind. As the UK Government announced a UK Oil & Gas Workforce Plan to find out if this opportunity, of oil and gas employees moving into offshore wind, is workable. “Offshore wind already contributes 5 per cent of the UK’s electricity and supports around 15,000 people in employment. By the end of this decade, the UK’s offshore wind sector will double in size, and there are opportunities in construction and operation in a growing number of sites. In terms of size and scale the new offshore projects in development are growing exponentially . Before these power plants are built huge numbers of highly skilled individuals will have to be recruited from somewhere. Offshore wind farms have long development programmes, a construction phase of two to three years, and an operating lifetime of 20 to 25 years.”

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31

There are ample opportunities in accelerating energy transition; we should think bigger and go faster.

Pieter van Oord Van Oord

www.offshorewindconference.biz

There is an oppertunity for oil and gas employees with offshore experience to move to renewables. Though this path will need to be defined as who determines which skills need to be (re)trained to work in clean energy?

According to RenewableUK, the Government will play an important role in bringing the oil, gas and renewable workforces together.

Outside of Europe What happens when you require

a workforce, but have no previous offshore background? As offshore wind is mainly centred within Western European countries, we forget that the Asian market will have a similar, if not more pressing, human capital issue in the coming years. As Arjan Schutten, Director of Holland Home of Wind Energy Points out: “Countries such as Japan, Korea and Taiwan will have some difficulty finding the right personnel, mainly as they are lacking the oil and gas industry many European countries do have. They will need to

build-up their workforce from scratch.

The offshore wind developments in Asia will offer new business opportunities for both local and foreign companies.

As export association for wind power companies in the Netherlands we have to ask ourselves: What can we do to achieve more business and lift barriers that could impede cooperation? We and European companies can offer business assistance in terms of technology transfer and exchanging best practices to help combat the Asian human capital issues within offshore wind.”

European offshore wind facts

338 3,589

4.8

new grid-connected offshore wind turbines in

6 WINDFARMS

turbines are installed and grid-connected

15 24.2

MW average

size offshore

wind turbines

Work carried out in:

WIND FARMS

New projects:

GW of consented wind farms

© WindEurope

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INDEPTH

THE NEXT GENERATION What will the next-­g eneration 12 -15MW offshore wind turbines look like?

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Offshore WIND | NO. 03 2017

10MW AMSC Windtec SeaTitan

Following multiple not yet realised 10MW+ concept plans, there is already much wind industry talk about next-generation 12-15MW turbines. A question is whether especially new concepts in the latter category will be mainly evolutionary scaling of current technology, or a radical departure to new concept solutions?

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35

“Common wind industry strategy involves selecting a modest specific power.”

This article focuses at large-scale turbine configurations for high-wind offshore IEC I application. This wind technology is expected to be introduced first in Europe, ahead of Asian markets especially China still dominated by 3-4MW+ and often IEC III+ (typhoon prone). A realistic technology introduction pathway is at least (partial) evolution of current 8-9.5MW turbines towards 10MW+ followed by a gradual supplementing/succession to larger 12-15MW+ sizes.

Bidding prices Last year’s unprecedented drop in project bidding price levels boosted developer demand for larger-scale 8-10MW turbines representing a

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Offshore WIND | NO. 03 2017

substantial next step for the offshore wind industry. A trend that started in the Netherlands at Borssele I & II, continued with recently accepted bids in Germany for four subsidy-free projects in German waters by Dong Energy (3) and EnBW (1). That in turn appears to provide extra momentum to the accelerated development of 12-15MW+ turbines.

Any future 10MW+ offshore turbine must further fit into the new European offshore auction system and being capable to matching still unknown offshore project demands for 2024-2025.

Power-rating is a key scaling and technology progress parameter, but a careful match with rotor swept area is within any given IEC wind class equally essential for optimal

Table 1 Some specific power ratings for fictive 10-15MW turbines Power rating [MW]

Rotor diameter [m]

Specific power rating [W/m2]

10MW

175

416

10MW

185

372

12MW

190

423

12MW

200

382

13MW

205

394

15MW

212

425

Large rotors

Haliade

LCOE performance. But what are these optimal specific power rating levels? When Senvion introduced the benchmark 5MW (REpower) offshorededicated 5M turbine for IEC I in 2004, it featured the offshore wind industry’s largest rotor and a specific power rating of 401W/m2. The 6.15MW 6M (2009; now 6.2M126) successor with unchanged 126-metre rotor diameter has 493W/ m2, and yields 12.0-15.0 per cent extra at 10m/s mean wind speed, 10-13 per cent at 9m/s, and 8-12 per cent at 8m/s. The latest 6.2M152 (2014) has an unchanged power-rating but enlarged 152-metre rotor diameter. The 46 per cent larger swept area offers up to 20 per cent yield increment compared to the 6.2M126 at 9.5m/s, narrowing at higher mean wind speeds.

During 2011/12, Alstom (GE), Nordex, Siemens Gamesa, and Vestas each introduced new 6-7MW offshore turbines, all within a substantially lower 320-335W/m2 range through fitting relatively large rotors. Superior LCOE performance was claimed due to a combination with reduced specific head mass (Tonnes/MW) again compared to the 6.2M126 benchmark. Some leading experts predicted in 2013 that the trend of fitting increasingly bigger rotors for given ratings would continue for decisively driving down LCOE. However, market leaders Siemens Gamesa and MHI Vestas chose instead to gradually increase platform power rating in two or more steps with unchanged rotor diameter. Siemens uprated and optimised the initial 6MW model with 154-metre rotor diameter to 7MW and most recently further at 8MW. MHI Vestas never installed an initial 7MW V164-7.0MW prototype but moved directly to 8MW and most recently introduced the 9.5MW V164-9.5MW (450W/m2) successor.

This now common wind industry strategy involves selecting a modest specific power rating during the introduction of a new product platform followed by intermediate rating and/ or rotor size increments. Benefits are that it allows building a supply chain, curb risks through gradually utilizing built-in design reserves, learn from track record experiences, and optimize LCOE performance. Such strategy further

extends the lifetime of a given product platform, which benefits both supplier and owners/operators.

The 8MW Siemens Gamesa’s Adwen AD 8-180 medium-speed prototype features the world’s largest gearbox in terms of input torque (9.9MNm) and a record 180-metre rotor. The specific power rating is 314W/m2. This July the company announced to integrate Adwen ‘within the group’s broader offshore operations which will allow it to better serve its customers and maximize business opportunities.’

Right from the start wind industry sources suggested that the turbine could finally enter the market rated between 9.5-10MW, or 373-393W/m2.

Conflicting factors 375-425W/m2 is an often-mentioned optimal range for high-wind IEC I and IEC S conditions, with each figure aimed at LCOE-optimizing at turbine and/or windfarm level. The range illustrates the fact that dimensioning is not simply a matter of hard figures due to not seldom various conflicting physical and environmental factors that must all be weighed carefully. Table 1 shows some fictive 10-15MW turbine configurations and their matching rotor diameters within the 375-425W/m2 range.

The wind industry is believed to be working at single piece offshore blades over 100 metres long and this table is therefore maximised at about 104 metres and 212-metre rotor diameter.

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SOME HISTORIC 10 - 12MW DEVELOPMENTS The pioneering horizontal-axis Clipper C-150 with 150-metre rotor diameter initially incorporated a distributed high-speed geared drivetrain and four generators, but at a later-stage the company switched to medium-speed.

AMSC’s SeaTitan was to be fitted with 190-metre rotor and high-temperature superconductor generator, and the radical Sway ST10 turbine featured a huge 25-metre (D = 164m) spoked generator. In 2012, Dutch engineering consultancy Mecal introduced a 12MW medium-speed concept turbine with 200-metre rotor diameter. The viability of 20MW turbines was explored by the EU-supported UpWind programme. All these turbine concepts were three bladed with upwind rotor.

The radical much-publicised vertical-axis Aerogenerator X is characterized by a two-bladed V-shape rotor. The equally radical 10MW VertAx turbine has a H-shape Darrieus-type rotor and two direct drive generators. None of these concepts has been built.

Segmented blades could become an alternative future option for even longer blades in dependence of any limits to emerge. A parallel option could become combination with only the outer blade sections pitch able called partial pitch control.

Many ongoing and planned projects in North-West European waters now incorporate turbines semi-standard rated between 6-8MW+ and increasingly fitted with either

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Offshore WIND | NO. 03 2017

a direct driven generator or a medium-speed geared drivetrain.

The direct drive segment dominated

by Siemens Gamesa in the 6-7MW volume segment was earlier this year expanded by a 8MW platform upgrade.

Key characteristics are a compact lightweight outer-rotor type permanent magnet generator, and a single rotor bearing. A new ‘1X’(MW) platform will be likely rated between 10-12MW and a likely logical choice would be again for direct drive, but any further details are not known. New and generally larger main components will likely require an extensively adapted or developing a new full supply chain.

Non-torque GE’s 6MW direct drive Haliade turbine incorporates a ‘Pure Torque’ drivetrain solution aimed at fully separating rotor torque and rotor induced ‘non-torque’ moments for enhanced efficiency and lifetime.

rooftop cooler for gearbox, generator, hydraulics, and rectifier could be functionally modified without enlarging cooler size and operational aspects.

This evolutionary product development example shows that a mature supply chain delivering gearboxes, generators, bearings, couplings, etc., is indeed capable in keeping pace with continuous scaling and optimizing. Senvion announced a 10MW+ turbine with a rotor size about 30 per cent bigger than the current largest 152-metre rotor. This corresponds to a 195-200-metre range, but other details are not known.

Other drivetrain configurations The maximum step-up ratio for mediumspeed gearboxes incorporating two planetary stages is about i = 1:41.

Increasing rating and/or rotor diameter raises input torque. Higher torque levels at some stage requires switching to a new larger gearbox design with especially an enlarged diameter of the low-speed planetary stage. A consequence of a

Direct drive general benefits include few only slow rotating components parts compared to geared equivalents.

An often-quoted disadvantage is reduced scaling-related flexibility, especially if requiring extensive generator modification or complete redesign. A past direct drive scaling disadvantage was excessive mass increase, but modern product developments have proven this no more relevant, and there are also no hard limits to scaling. Enercon already showed in 2002 that it could build a disk-shaped ring generator with 12-metre outer diameter and minimal airgap size.

MHI Vestas’ V164 series spearheads the medium-speed segment, including the latest 9.5MW platform upgrade.

The 10MW boundary is getting within reach, but a larger matching rotor diameter would then become a likely next step. Compared to the V1648.0MW predecessor, V164-9.5MW input torque increased by nearly 19 per cent to 9.5MNm and this required some gearbox strengthening without impacting (outer) drivetrain dimensions and mass. Also upgraded were the electrical system while the

Winergy gearbox for 8MW Adwen

lower gearbox output shaft speed when fitting a larger rotor is the need for a bigger more expensive generator.

Adwen’s low-speed 5MW AD 5-116 and AD 5-135 models are characterised by a fully integrated Multibrid-type drivetrain casting incorporating a 1.5-stage gearbox with journal bearings, semiintegrated PMG, and single rotor bearing.

Such 1.5-stage gearboxes enable a total step-up ratio of at least i = 1:10. Major mechanical failure requires the exchange of complete nacelles, which contrasts with current wind industry preferences for in-board repairs. The wind industry today favours medium-speed above 1.5-stage and alternatively single-stage planetary gearboxes for LCOE reasons.

Development of higher rated highspeed geared models over today’s largest 6.2MW offshore units is not likely especially due to wind industry preferences for eliminating the ‘troubleprone’ high-speed third gearbox stage. Furthermore, developing a new

supply chain for all main components would represent substantial cost and risk, whereas it is in place already for medium-speed and up to about 10MNm input torque.

Major inroads for hydraulic transmissions is not likely either since Mitsubishi discontinued its 7MW project, partly for above reasons while total system efficiency also remains a major issue. Three-bladed horizontal-axis upwind turbines currently dominate, and this role is likely to continue with next generation 10-15MW+ turbines.

There could be a smaller future role for two-bladed downwind turbines, perhaps especially for floating. Number of blades and rotor orientation are not expected to have major impact at drivetrain selection preferences.

Multi-rotor

for lower aerodynamic efficiency and lack of track record experience, while all product developments are still at an early stage. German engineering consultancy aerodyn presented earlier this year introduced an innovative 15MW floating design incorporating two closely interspaced medium-speed two-bladed downwind turbines, each with 150-metre rotor size and 424W/m2. INNOWIND also of Germany developed a 15MW multi-rotor turbine concept, this time incorporating five direct drive rotors incorporated in a lattice type support structure. Whether these and other multirotor concepts will prove an offshore future direction must be awaited.

That the deployment of new largescale turbines will initially add to overall project risks is finally clear. It is simultaneously an essential step and key enabler to further driving down LCOE to required levels.

Vertical-axis turbines could make some inroads in floating wind as well. Here, overall benefits must compensate

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A winning ticket?

Scroby Sands was one of the first offshore windfarms to be developed in the UK. The cylindrical steel tube foundations support a 2MW Vestas V80 turbine. They were manufactured by Cambrian Engineering and Isleburn Mackay Macleod and weigh 200 tons, are 4 metres in diameter and up to 50 metres long. In comparison, the largest foundations that have been installed to date are those for the 6 MW turbine at Veja Mate wind farm. These foundations weigh 1,392.5 tons, are 7.8 metres in diameter and are up to 82.2 metres long, they were manufactured by EEW Special Pipe Constructions GmbH in Rostock. Scroby Sands was commissioned late in 2004 and Veja Mate commissioned on 31st May 2017, 13 years later.

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SIF Group Maasvlakte 2

Both these windfarms have single monopile foundations, in 2004 it was never foreseen that these huge monopiles would be possible. At the same time that Scroby Sands was being planned, 14 years ago, the Fred.

Olsen organisation took the decision to develop an alternative foundation,

“Are being recognised by developers as having a winning ticket.”

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one that could support the larger wind turbines expected in the distant future in water depths where it was expected not to be able to use a monopile. Offshore WIND spoke to Universal Foundation to find out where this foundation is and what we expect in the future.

The alternative they chose to develop is known today as the Universal Foundation, a suction bucket (caisson).

A caisson’s is defined as a large watertight chamber, open at the bottom, from which the water is kept out by air pressure. The design of the caisson they have developed is not the basic round bucket, however. In order to reduce the amount of steel in the construction and therefore save weight, the caisson ‘flower shaped’ side is made up of curved circle segments of steel providing increased strength with reduced weight. This saving in steel and the absence of the extra metal resulting

from the overlap sleeve of the transition piece on the foundation can result in a 15 to 25 per cent reduction in the amount of steel used for a comparable monopile. A simple monopile type tower is built into their caisson making a single structure including an integrated transition piece able to be installed offshore. The inherent advantages include, noise free suction installation, and no fatigue damage to the structure being induced as there is no hammering required on the tower during installation.

A prototype Universal Foundation weighing 1,000 tons would be able to support the current largest wind turbine in a water depth of 40 metres.

This compares to a structure weighing 1,300 tons if a monopile was used.

Despite all these advantages the suction bucket in general, and specifically the Universal Foundation, has not been widely deployed. Despite demonstration

foundations for met masts for long periods and demonstrations of installing and decommissioning, both within a 24-hour period have failed to bring in orders. However, the offshore wind market has entered a mature age and now Universal Foundations now see possibilities for their foundation to break through into the market. Reducing costs in the offshore wind sector has changed the market place now. Scaling up existing technology in the past, despite this existing technology being more expensive, was possible with guaranteed high tariff rates. Now, with significantly lower tariffs wind farm developers are looking for savings. The industry is now more competitive and lower investment returns are accepted.

A possible winning ticket

Foto: Kristina Becker

The past 14 years since Universal Foundation was introduced has not been wasted. They have a well-tested and proven product available to be used in the industry at the very time that the offshore wind industry needs it. The ‘flower shape’ side replaced the completely round cola can shape following some experiences with damage on the met mast demonstration when installing again after multiple installation demonstrations. The cola can will support weight adequately until the side has been damaged, when this occurs it will collapse under weight. The ‘flower shaped’ can retains a greater vertical strength even when damaged.

“For waters

They know that the Universal Foundation will not conquer the market totally, they have identified situations that will never deploy their foundation. But they are being recognised by developers as having a winning ticket. Their research and development plan is not yet completely finalised, this will happen after data has been analysed from the wind farm planned for Lake Erie in the United States, and another plan for a wind farm demonstration in Europe, where they are still negotiating the final details. Only then can they complete the development process. The European project is expected to be in the water by 2019.

where freezing occurs Universal are working on an ice breaker foundation in parallel.”

Competitive market Getting a certified design to offer clients in a competitive wind farm bid is their first target. The client would not have to see the foundation actually in the water for bidding, only certification is required at that level. The programme for the DNV GL certification remains on track with no problems foreseen with the final certification which all could be settled within six months. For waters where freezing occurs, Universal are working on an ice breaker foundation in parallel.

The future with 13, 14 and 15MW wind turbines in the future, how does that fit in with the Universal Foundation?

Kristian Ascenius Jacobsen, the Head of Business Development at Universal Foundation A/S told Offshore WIND

that when he started with the company seven years ago he attended an offshore wind industry conference where the speakers were talking about the largest monopiles never being heavier than 600 tons. Today he said that they can design a Universal Foundation to support such wind turbines in the future, the rest is up to the client to decide.

His final words to Offshore WIND? ‘Never say never.’

THE BIGGER DIFFERENCE Foundations by EEW SPC EEW Special Pipe Constructions GmbH info@eewspc.de, www.eew-group.com

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Time-saving grouting Cost cutting on installation services in an integral part of getting the offshore wind industry competitive with other energy generation sources. Making installation services more efficient while retaining the integrity of the service enables the industry to achieve this aim without compromising any essential factors. FoundOcean has been able to add this to enhance the quality of the grouting work they carry out on the installation of many wind farms. Jim Bell, Managing Director of FoundOcean spoke to Offshore WIND about how this has been achieved and the effect it has on installation costs.

To ship the grouting cement before this project they had used the standard 1,000 kilogrammes polypropylene big bags, packed into single twentyfoot equivalent unit containers widely used for bulk products both on and offshore. The big bags, by definition, are large and heavy, capable of being damaged and have various inherent

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safety hazards. Offshore they would mix the grout lifting it bag by bag from the containers emptying them into the mixer.

Supply chain logistics, safety and speed For the Gemini contract, they deployed their new installation equipment for the

first time. FoundOcean supplied and placed the grouting on the foundations of the 150 wind turbine installations supporting the 4MW Siemens SWT-4.0 turbines. Using 100 tonne bulk tanks for shipping enabled them load faster and carry more grout out to the wind farm on the service vessel. The potential to save millions of Euros in operational

© Gemini

costs during installation by time saving and resources. The whole supply chain is simplified, becoming a lot more straightforward. The 100 tonne silos are filled in port directly from road or rail tankers or at a specialist port with large storage silos on the quay side.

The 100 tonne silos are connected by pipes to the mixer and from there piped directly to the foundation. Depending on the foundation diameter each silo could hold sufficient grouting for three foundations.

For foundations that have bolted connections to transition pieces there may still be a requirement for a grouted filler to provide protection against bolt corrosion as well as providing added rigidity around the joint. This has been often used where bolted connections have been used on jackets in the oil and gas sector.

Time saver Grouting remains a necessary component of the offshore world and the experience gained in the offshore oil and gas sector is comparable with that needed for offshore wind.

Time saved in wind farm grouting is even more critical than in the oil and gas sector. An hour or two saved on each installation can mean four or five days less work for the installation vessel when there are 100 turbines to work on. Five years ago, Jim Bell would never have thought that monopile foundations would be supporting turbines producing 5MW and more. He expected that jackets similar to those used for small oil and gas satellite platforms would replace monopiles for deeper waters and larger wind turbines. In some respects he would have been correct, their next contract this year is to supply grouting

on the 84 turbines in the 588MW Beatrice Offshore Windfarm Ltd off the coast of Scotland in the Moray Firth. The grouting required here is to be injected into each of the four piles of the jacket.

Type approval The predominant grouting material FoundOcean use for the offshore wind jacket foundations is the MasterFlow 9800 from BASF, this material has been specifically designed for bulk delivery and injection and to maintain its characteristic parameters throughout its expected life span. In February this year MasterFlow 9800 received Type Approval Certification (TAC) from DNV GL following a validation process of this offshore grout according to the applicable DNV GL Offshore Standard.

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OFFSHORE ENERGY 2017

Transformation through collaboration Offshore Energy Exhibition & Conference 2017 Preparations for the tenth Offshore Energy Exhibition & Conference (OEEC) are underway and now is the time to join the largest European event covering the whole offshore energy mix. With oil & gas, offshore wind and marine energy all assembling at this event, creating the ideal place to display your products and services to the world. Based on its track record, OEEC expects to attract over 12,000 offshore professionals representing a great variety in nationalities and over 650 key players from the offshore industry exhibiting at the show.

“Where conventional oil and gas meets renewable energy.”

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This year’s theme is ‘Transformation through collaboration’ which will focus on the transformation happening both in oil, gas and in renewables as a consequence of a lower for longer price environment. Both the lower price of oil and gas and the lower price per kWh for offshore wind power present challenges for the industry – albeit for very different reasons – and are leading to intensified collaboration. Add to this the industry’s efforts in making the energy transition happen and you have a very topical mix of themes which will feature prominently in the conference program, but can also be experienced on the exhibition floor where exhibitors

will offer their own solutions for tomorrow’s energy mix.

This year’s conference program features keynotes, Master Classes, Offshore WIND conference (9 & 10 October), Marine Energy Event (11 October) and eight Technical Sessions. The Technical sessions, covering subjects ranging from Decommissioning to Asset Integrity and from Global Business Opportunities in E&P to The Rise of Renewables will be offered in breakfast or lunch session format, allowing for ample networking and knowledgesharing opportunities. OEEC provides the platform to meet new prospects

and strengthen relationships with other leading industry players. With 80 per cent of stand already sold, this edition is gearing up nicely. OEEC will also be welcoming the following international pavilions: Iran, Italy, Scotland, Norway, China and the Netherlands.

Community Square – be there Launched in 2016, Community Square on the Offshore Energy exhibition floor will offer an exciting free to attend program of ON AIR talk-shows and Community Café meetings on industry transformation. Think of climate change, decommissioning

and reuse, renewable energy uptake, digitalization – developments that are reshaping the energy industry as we know it, perhaps even creating an integrated energy industry. A wide range of stakeholders of E&P companies and utilities, supply chain companies, NGOs, academia and government will share and discuss new ideas and solutions on energy transition, the future of the North Sea and new forms of collaboration transforming our industry and our economy.

At Community Square you can hear what high level developments of goals, roadmaps and milestones really mean for your business, and for you.

Offshore WIND Conference For the fifth time OEEC features the dedicated Offshore WIND Conference.

The 2017 conference theme is : Leading the way! This theme was chosen to show the continuing progress of one of the leading forms of renewable power generation: offshore wind. OWC 2017 will focus on the opportunities for the offshore wind sector for the short, medium and long term. What will upcoming tenders offer the supply chain (short term)?

What are the trends and opportunities in the next decade? Subtopics such as cost reduction, innovations, subsidy and cooperation with the oil and gas industries will also be tackled.

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Zeeland Seaports

LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION Visit us at the Offshore Energy Amsterdam, 10-11 october, booth 1.188.

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““Now is the time to join the largest European event covering the whole offshore energy-mix.”

During the Offshore WIND Conference, more than 15 expert speakers and over 250 industry professionals will discuss short and long term issues in the industry. On both days the plenary sessions will be alternated with networking opportunities. Among others, speakers from DONG, Siemens Gamesa, Bladt Industries, European Committee of the Regions, Van Oord, European Space Agency and DHI Group will be present.

Conditions for commercial success The marine energy industry has a role to play in the EU electricity supply by 2050. This requires advancement in the certification and verification of technologies in order to access commercial funding. The Marine Energy Event 2017, organized in cooperation with the Dutch Energy from Water Association (EWA), offers delegates an insight in the latest developments in marine energy in the field of tidal and wave energy, salinity power and OTEC with a focus on bankable projects. MEE will take place on 11 October and is organized as part of OEEC.

And the award goes to...

The second edition of the Offshore Energy Opening Gala Dinner and Awards show will take place on October 9, 2017, at a new and beautiful location:

the National Maritime Museum (het Scheepvaartmuseum) in Amsterdam.

This black-tie event is held the night before OEEC kicks-off. The Offshore Energy Opening Gala Dinner and Awards show brings the industry together to celebrate successes by presenting three industry awards: Offshore Energy Young Engineer Award, Offshore Energy Public Outreach Award, Best Innovation in Offshore Energy Award and this year another industry award will be added to the list.

Despite challenging times in the industry, there are impressive achievements and

innovations that require celebration.

Nominees gain broad international recognition and significant market visibility through global media coverage.

An expert jury will carefully evaluate all submissions and determine three final nominees per award. More information about the event and submissions will become available on our website: www.Offshore-Energy.biz.

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OFFSHOREBREEZES

powered by

Short news selection of hot topics from offshoreWIND.biz

MHI VESTAS LAUNCHES 9.50MW OFFSHORE WIND TURBINE

© MHI Vestas

MHI Vestas Offshore Wind has launched the V164-9.50MW wind turbine to re-affirm the company’s drive to lower the cost of energy for offshore wind.

The most powerful serially-produced wind turbine in the world, the V164 platform’s 80-meter blades are already capturing wind energy on the Burbo Bank Extension wind farm off the coast of the UK, giving the company volumes of real-time data and valuable experience. “As a leader in the offshore wind industry, we are committed to lowering the cost of energy through innovative turbine technology,” Jens Tommerup, CEO of MHI Vestas, said, ”The launch of our V164-9.50MW turbine is a testament to that leadership and to the ingenuity of our engineers and technicians. The V1649.50MW is built on the industry-leading V164 platform, the most powerful platform in operation.

Just one single turbine is now capable of powering more than 8,300 UK homes.” The launch of the V164-9.50MW turbine showcases the V164 platform once again with increased energy output from minimal design changes, the company said.

Built on the V164 turbine platform, the V164-9.50MW wind turbine was launched by MHI Vestas on Tuesday, 6 June.

Turbines

SIEMENS GAMESA INTEGRATES ADWEN IN ITS OFFSHORE BUSINESS

UK GOVT CLEARING PATH FOR APRIL CFD ALLOCATION ROUND

Siemens Gamesa has agreed to integrate Adwen within the group’s broader offshore operations, which will allow it to better serve its customers and maximise business.

Adwen was set up by Areva and Gamesa as a joint venture dedicated to manufacturing offshore wind turbines, and has been taken over by Gamesa as part of a deal in its merger process with Siemens. The decision is part of the company’s integration programme, which was accelerated during the third quarter. All integration efforts are on track, according to the recently set-up wind turbine giant. The company is re-organising departments, taking first steps about product portfolio, supply chain and manufacturing footprint. Siemens Gamesa will announce its new Strategic Plan on 15 November at a Capital Markets Day. At that time, the company will provide the product portfolio, the financial targets for fiscal years 2018-2020 as well as a global sales plan and a model for the future supply chain footprint.

The announced synergies of EUR 230 million are now the ‘minimum’ and the company expects to realise these synergies in year 3 but has become effective as of © ADWEN 3 April.

The UK Government opened the second Contracts for Difference (CfD) Allocation Round on 3 April, when it will make a total of GBP 290 million available for renewable energy projects, including offshore wind. The new auction, which involves a new set of rules, also includes a cap of 1.50GW for phased offshore wind projects.

Eligible projects for the upcoming CfD round are those planned to be commissioned in 2021/22 and 2022/23.

CfDs will be allocated to the cheapest projects first, regardless of the delivery year within which their Target Commissioning Date falls. Namely, the new framework obliges the developers who plan to develop their offshore wind projects in phases to install no more than 1,500MW of capacity after all project phases are completed. The first phase must represent at least 25 per cent of the project’s total capacity after all phases are completed.

Furthermore, the first phase of the projects proposed in the second round needs to be completed by 31 March 2023, with the last phase commissioned no later than 2 years after the first one went online. The new regulations come after the government proposed changes to the Contracts for Difference and the CfD Standard Terms Regulations in 2016, and BEIS released draft allocation framework in February. The Contracts for Difference Regulations 2017 entered into force on 1 March.

Developers can submit their applications and the round will close on 11 September 2017.

Company news

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Tender & results

DOLWIN6 CONTRACTS LAND Siemens has received an order from TenneT to supply the entire technology for efficient direct-current transmission for DolWin6, a grid connection for offshore wind farms in the German waters of the North Sea. After it is completed, DolWin6 will be able to transmit enough electricity to supply just under one million German homes.

Nexans will supply the direct-current cables and Dragados Offshore is responsible for construction ©Siemens and offshore installation of the associated platform. Since TenneT tendered the supply and laying of the cables separately, these services are therefore not part of Siemens’ scope of supply, the company stated. The order is valued at high three-digit millions euros range and commercial commissioning is scheduled for 2023.

Grid

JACK-UP FREE TURBINE INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MAKES SENSE A new wind turbine installation and maintenance technology being developed by SENSE Offshore Limited could cut the cost of energy from future deep-water sites by around nine per cent and from nearshore sites by four per cent, the Innovate UK Energy Catalyst study shows. The results of a GBP 200,000 study involving detailed engineering analysis on the Self Erecting Nacelle System (SENSE) show the new technology could help industry go farther and deeper without the use of jack-ups. There is currently no proven technology capable of installing the next generation of turbines and towers on foundations in water depths greater than 60 metres apart from building ever larger and more expensive jack-ups and semisubs, according to SENSE. The company, which is developing

the technology for commercial roll out in 2021, says its system means large jack-ups and crane vessels are not needed to install the turbine nacelles and rotors or for maintenance including the change out of major components. SENSE transports a pre-assembled and tested rotor nacelle assembly on board a large multi-purpose construction vessel and is said to have solved the problem of transferring 700+tonne loads in significant wave heights from the vessel to the tower.

The SENSE transportation carriage then carries the turbine to the top of the tower on rails. The process is reversible for maintenance and replacement. SENSE Offshore is now planning the next stage of development to bring its technology to market within 4 years.

Research

BIBBY WAVEMASTER 1 HIRED FOR GALLOPER OWF James Fisher Marine Services, main offshore marine services contractor for the Galloper project, has chartered the new Bibby WaveMaster 1 service operations vessel (SOV) to support the commissioning works on the wind farm. Bibby WaveMaster 1 was awarded a three-month contract with options to extend to support the offshore commissioning phase of the works. Toby Edmonds, Galloper Project Director, said: “Much of our offshore commissioning activity will take place in the North Sea during the challenging autumn and winter months. The vessel design includes a built for purpose hull and dynamic positioning technology. This will allow our workforce to exploit weather windows in higher sea states to access and carry out work on the turbines and the substation. The specialist Walk-To-Work Uptime gangway and multi stop elevator will also enable the team to access offshore assets in wave heights of two metres plus.” For Innogy, the company leading the construction of the Galloper offshore wind farm, this will be the first time it has used a Walk-to-Work offshore service vessel in UK waters during the commissioning phase of a project. The construction of the Galloper project is expected to be completed by spring 2018. The SOV, registered in the UK, has been built © Bibby Marine Services

by Damen on behalf of its owners Bibby Marine Services.

Vessels

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OFFSHOREBREEZES

DOLWIN GAMMA TOPSIDE SCORES A TOUCHDOWN

FIRST JONES ACT OFFSHORE WIND JACKUP COMING IN 2018

The topside of the DolWin gamma offshore converter station has been installed next to the DolWin alpha in the German part of the North Sea, according to TenneT. The topside left the Nordic Yard facility in Rostock mid-June and was towed to the installation site some 50 kilometres north of Borkum on a barge accompanied by two vessels from Boskalis’ fleet. The 18,000-tonne topside was installed on the jacket foundations with the float-over procedure, TenneT said. DolWin gamma is a daughter platform to the DolWin alpha and will be connected to it via a fixed bridge. The DolWin gamma offshore platform is part of the 900MW DolWin3 offshore grid connection system. Once completed by the end of this year, the DolWin3 will connect two offshore wind farms from the DolWin cluster to the 400kV substation in Dörpen West.

Zentech Inc. and Renewables Resources International (RRI) have announced their plans to build the first Jones Act compliant, four legged, self-propelled Dynamically-Positioned Level 2 (DP2) jack-up vessel based on a U.S.-built barge. This vessel will provide the now evolving U.S. offshore wind industry with a much needed and cost competitive marine logistic solution, converting a Jones Act compliant asset aligned with the conclusions from the European offshore wind learning curve.

The Jones Act vessel is designed to navigate the New Bedford Hurricane Barrier and will carry and install in this configuration components for at least three complete 6-9 megawatt (MW) range wind turbines. The vessel’s jacking system will be rated at a capacity of 16,000 tons. Discussions with U.S. shipyards in the Gulf of Mexico and along the U.S. East Coast predict delivery no later than the fourth quarter of 2018. The unit will be constructed utilizing U.S.-built components such as barge, legs, spud cans and propulsion.

Zentech plans to install four truss legs with spud cans, a proven oil & gas design, integrated in a newly built hull, the companies said.

© TenneT

Grid

Vessels

SHELL: OFFSHORE WIND INDUSTRY SHOULD EVOLVE TOWARDS 10GW INTEGRATED PROJECTS The offshore wind industry should abandon the practice of awarding separate leases for offshore wind farms of up to 1GW each and instead start developing large, integrated projects of up to 10GW to lower cost, create value across the supply chain, and stimulate economic growth, Mark Gainsborough, Executive Vice President, New Energies, Shell Gas and Power Development B.V., said. It is important for the innovations – technical, commercial and financial – to be tried and tested before going large scale, and that will not happen if the industry continues with power plant-sized leases, Gainsborough said in his speech during the Offshore Wind Energy 2017 in London.

Instead, a few large, integrated projects with an anchor tenant who takes the biggest risk for about half the project, need to be developed, according to Gainsborough. Substantial cost savings could be achieved by constructing several hundred wind turbines continuously, like an offshore assembly line, which would allow the industry to learn how to do offshore wind at scale to optimize value for all participants.

Gainsborough also noted that large-scale offshore wind projects will need support from governments, businesses and society in the form of cross-border regulatory and legal solutions and cross-sector © Shell collaboration on an unprecedented scale.

Company news

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VATTENFALL REVEALS OFFSHORE WIND RESEARCH PROJECTS Swedish utility company Vattenfall has announced the first successful projects for its EUR 3 million research programme aimed at examining the environmental and socio-economic impacts of offshore wind farms. The successful recipients of a share in the dedicated EOWDC fund, up to half of which is being provided by the European Union, include: The River Dee Trust and Marine Scotland Science, SMRU Consulting and the University of St Andrews, MacArthur Green and Oxford Brookes University.

Almost 100 applications from across the UK and overseas were submitted for the research programme with a shortlist of 16 selected by a specialist scientific panel comprised of environmental agencies, scientists,

AREG and representatives of Vattenfall.

The panel anticipates making a further funding announcement in the near future. As Scotland’s largest offshore wind test and demonstration facility, the eleven-turbine EOWDC is being developed by Vattenfall. Construction of the scheme, which features a number of innovations and industry firsts, started in October 2016 with first power expected in summer 2018.

Believed to be the largest-scale offshore wind research programme of its kind and one which will put Scotland at the industry forefront of research and development, the diverse range of projects selected will be based at Vattenfall’s European Offshore Wind Deployment Centre (EOWDC) in Aberdeen Bay.

ADWEN’S PROTOTYPE 8MW TURBINE DWARFS BREMERHAVEN SKYLINE

Research

© MARIN © ADWEN

MARIN TESTS FLOATING MEGA ISLAND CONCEPT MARIN (Maritime Research Institute Netherlands) has tested an innovative concept for a floating mega island that could provide future-proof living and working space at sea for developing, generating, storing, and maintaining renewable energy, including offshore wind. The floating islands could also be suitable for use with loading and transhipping cargo in coastal areas where there is little infrastructure, for cultivating food, such as seaweed and fish, and building houses and recreation close to the water. Olaf Waals, project manager and the concept developer: “As sea level rises, cities become

overcrowded and more activities are carried out at sea, raising the dikes and reclaiming land from the seas are perhaps no longer an effective solution.

An innovative alternative that fits with the Dutch maritime tradition is floating ports and cities.” The island comprises 87 large floating triangles that are flexibility connected to one another. Together they form a flexible floating island that can be as large as one-kilometre to five-kilometre in cross-section. These types of solutions are part of the Blue Future in which the seas and oceans (70 per cent of the earth’s surface area) are used sustainably, MARIN stated.

Innovations

Adwen’s prototype 8MW wind turbine generator, currently under construction in Bremerhaven, Germany is now mechanically complete. All five tower sections have now been installed, along with the nacelle and the three 88.40-metre blades, the longest in the world, manufactured by LM Wind Power and designed specifically for this turbine model.

The turbine has a rotor diameter of 180 metres. The prototype, installed at Fraunhofer IWES’ offshore wind test site, is expected to be commissioned in the following weeks, Adwen said. The prototype will undergo a series of field tests developed by Adwen and Fraunhofer IWES to expedite the certification process and the entry into the commercial market. The AD 8-180 turbine has so far been selected for three projects off the coasts of France, totalling 1.50GW. Turbines

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OFFSHOREBREEZES

ASM INDUSTRIES CONFIRMS OFFSHORE WIND PLANS

FIRST EVER RENEWABLES SERVICE VESSEL GOES STRAIGHT TO WORK

Following media reports from April saying ASM Industries (ASMI) had been planning to boost its involvement in the offshore wind sector and had pinpointed the port of Aveiro as a location for its new plant, the Portuguese company confirmed that it had decided to invest in the new facility, specialised in bigger products – mostly for offshore application. The new industrial unit will involve an investment of around EUR 25 million, supported by the European Community Funds Grants (P2020), in innovative equipment and infrastructures, including its own quay side in the ZALI area of Aveiro Port, and will create more than 100 direct and specialised new jobs. The total site covers 72,000m², with the fabrication area occupying some 22,000m² and 46,000m² earmarked to accommodate the storage area.

Most of the products to be produced will be exported, especially to European market but also to other regions worldwide. The decision came following the outlined growing strategy of ASMI and the respective need to reinforce the current manufacturing capabilities, the company stated.

Dutch shipbuilder and ship designer Damen has launched the first ever Renewables Service Vessel (RSV) 3315, a new type of vessel developed in close cooperation with Scottish company Delta Marine.

Delta Marine and Damen adapted the traditional Multicat design by moving © Damen the wheelhouse forward and leaving the aft deck open. Additionally, it was important to make sure the vessel was under the 500-tonne mark to keep the costs down, Damen said. The first in the new series was officially christened Voe Vanguard at Damen Shipyards Hardinxveld. A week later the Voe Vanguard went off to work straight away for the Walney Extension wind farm and then she was exhibited at Seawork in Southampton. After that it is straight back up the coast for another project. The Damen RSV 3315 is said to be able to undertake all duties normally expected of a Multicat but has the addition of a spacious, unobstructed deck, DP2 and dedicated 4-point mooring. The 33-metre vessel has a 42-tonne bollard pull. In addition, Voe Vanguard has two cranes, one of which has a capacity of 15 tonnes with an outreach of 20 metres. She can also accommodate crews of up to 18.

Company news

Vessels

BELGIANS START GROWING MUSSELS ON OFFSHORE WIND FARMS A Belgian consortium of research institutions and companies has started a project to investigate if mussels could be grown on offshore wind farms. The consortium behind the ”Noordzee Aquacultuur” project comprises the Ghent University, Belgium’s Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Belwind, C-Power, as well as Brevisco, Colruyt Group, DEME Group, Lobster Fish and Sioen Industries. The first mussel farming system was installed on a wind farm operated by C-Power in early May. The second system will be installed on the Belwind offshore wind farm where the forces exerted by the sea on the livestock facilities will be measured. The two-year project is expected to shed light on the biological, technical and economic feasibility of growing shellfish on Belgian wind farms in the North Sea, as well as the complementarity of simultaneously managing a mussel farm and an offshore wind farm. The offshore wind developers are open to the idea of wind farms being used for aquaculture as long as the safe and unobstructed operation of the wind farms is guaranteed. © ABB Research

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Offshore WIND | NO. 03 2017

“BIGGER TURBINES ARE COMING”

DOLWIN6 CONTRACTS LAND

© Siemens

There is no doubt about even bigger offshore wind turbines than we have today hitting the market over the next several years, according to Bent Christensen, Senior Vice President at Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy. The wind turbine market recently saw a giant being born after the merger of Siemens Wind Power and Gamesa. Together they have some 27,000 employees, 75GW installed globally and an order book valued at around EUR 20 billion. In terms of offshore wind, the company concentrates on technology developed by Siemens, with the latest turbine having an 8MW capacity.

Siemens installed the SWT-8.0-154 prototype at the national test centre in Østerild, Denmark, at the beginning of this year. The type certification for the turbine expected to be obtained in early 2018. Still, the company focuses not only on the turbines, but also on further developing the technology used within them, providing integrated solutions for offshore wind farm developers, as well as testing technological solutions that could facilitate cost reduction, efficient power production and even better visual effect.

Turbines

Siemens has received an order from TenneT to supply the entire technology for efficient directcurrent transmission for DolWin6, a grid connection for offshore wind farms in the German waters of the North Sea. After it is completed, DolWin6 will be able to transmit enough electricity to supply just under one million German homes. Nexans will supply the direct-current cables and Dragados Offshore is responsible for construction and offshore installation of the associated platform. Since TenneT tendered the supply and laying of the cables separately, these services are therefore not part of Siemens’ scope of supply, the company stated. The order is valued at high three-digit millions euros range and commercial commissioning is scheduled for 2023.

Grid

FRANCE PRE-SELECTS TEN DUNKERQUE OFFSHORE WIND BIDDERS France’s energy regulator Commission de régulation de l’énergie (CRE) has pre-selected ten bidders for the development of an offshore wind farm project with a capacity of up to 750MW off Dunkerque. The companies selected, either alone or in a consortium, include Vattenfall, Statoil, Iberdrola in consortium with RES, Elicio, a consortium of Engie and EDPR, InControl France, a consortium of Belgium’s Parkwind and France’s Valeco, Deme Concessions Wind, a consortium of EDF EN with Innogy and Enbridge, and the Canadian Boralex with CMI5i Pastor. The selected companies and consortia started the next phase in the competitive dialogue procedure, the selection phase. The purpose of the dialogue is to clarify with the candidates the specifications and the sharing of responsibilities during the construction and operation phases of the wind farm. During this dialogue phase, the government will make available the results of the technical studies that it will have carried out. These include wind measurements, geophysical surveys and environmental studies. At the end of the dialogue phase, candidates will be

© CRE

invited to submit their bids. In this final phase, the candidates’ offers will be assessed on the basis of the following criteria: the price proposed, the optimisation of the occupied area and the consideration of environmental issues. The winner of the tender is expected to be announced in early 2018, and the selected wind farm project with a capacity between 250MW and 750MW is expected to be commissioned in 2022.

Tender & Results

Offshore WIND | NO. 03 2017

55

How we can increase renewables in our life?

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www.offshorewindconference.biz

GEOSEA AGREES TO BUY A2SEA FROM DONG ENERGY AND SIEMENS GeoSea is set to acquire the full ownership of A2SEA, owned by DONG Energy and Siemens, after the three companies signed an agreement on 7 July. The transaction, which is conditional upon authority approval, is expected to be completed in the third quarter of © A2SEA 2017. A2SEA will continue to operate out of Denmark with offshore wind turbine service and installation. The company is headquartered in Fredericia with subsidiaries in Germany and the UK. A2SEA is currently installing turbines at Dudgeon Offshore Wind Farm and Race Bank Offshore Wind Farm, after completing the installation of turbines on Burbo Bank Extension in December 2016. Upcoming projects include turbine installation on the Arkona offshore wind farm, Hornsea Project One, Horns Rev 3 and East Anglia ONE. DONG Energy and Siemens have been owners of A2SEA since 2009 when both companies needed to consolidate their position in the offshore wind market. However, the companies stated that owning A2SEA is no longer within the scope of their core businesses, and therefore the divestment came naturally.

Company news

© Cemre Shipyard

MHI VESTAS SOV HITS THE WATER Cemre Shipyard in Turkey has organised a launching ceremony for a service operation vessel (SOV) ordered by Esvagt and chartered by MHI Vestas Offshore Wind. Once delivered later this year, the Havyard-designed SOV will service Nobelwind and Belwind offshore wind farms in Belgium under a ten-year charter deal. Due to the distance of the wind farms from shore, the technicians will work and live on the vessel for two-week periods. The vessel will also function as a floating warehouse, storing spare parts and tools for servicing wind turbines offshore. MHI Vestas explained that using the service vessel means more focus on ensuring maximum availability of the wind turbines, since less time is spent in transition. The new vessel is 58.50 metres long, with a beam of 16.60 metres and will be able to accommodate up to 22 technicians, all in single cabins. It will be equipped with dynamic positioning technology, and two safe transfer boats to transfer technicians, tools and spare parts to the turbines.

Vessels

STX UNVEILS SCALABLE OFFSHORE SUBSTATION STX has launched the SeeOs – a Scalable Efficient Evolutive Offshore Station described as a turnkey solution to the offshore wind market that will reduce energy costs by decreasing delivery time and saving CAPEX and OPEX costs.

Thanks to its modularity, SeeOs can accommodate any power requirement, from 200 to 900MW, and can be installed on monopile, jacket or floating foundations depending on the site, STX said.

In addition to scalability, SeeOs can also be customized to fulfil specific client preferences, maintenance strategies, local regulations requirements and installation site distance to shore. These client-specific requirements, such as shunt reactors, harmonic filters, backup generators, living quarters, workshops or warehouses, will be implemented as add-ons to the base module. STX added that the design of the SeeOs decreases delivery time by 20 per cent, reduces project CAPEX costs by 20 per cent, and optimizes operations and maintenance costs up to 20 per cent. These efficiency gains are a result of the standardized design which uses 80 per cent common features across all modules. With a view beyond the present market, SeeOs has been designed to accommodate the latest technological developments such as 66kV, future environmental evolutions, and the floating offshore wind market. The base module design is a fully enclosed 200/300MW unit which accommodates any OEM MV GIS, transformer, and HV GIS.

Grid

Offshore WIND | NO. 03 2017

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AUS

SOUTHWEST OFFSHORE WIND FARM PROJECT CAPACITY 2,000MW TURBINES 250 FOUNDATIONS GROUNDED The government of Australia’s state of Victoria has welcomed plans for the establishment of the country’s first offshore wind farm which will be located between 10 and 25 kilometres off the Gippsland coastline. The proposal includes up to 250 wind turbines within a 574-square kilometre area, which would deliver around 8,000GWh of electricity per year. This is approximately 18% of Victoria’s power usage or enough to power 1.2 million homes. Preliminary analysis of the proposed site off the coast of Gippsland shows high-capacity for reliable power generation, the government said.

If successful, the project would generate investment of around AUD 8 billion, create 12,000 jobs during the construction phase and 300 ongoing operational and maintenance jobs, the government said. It’s anticipated the project will have a feasibility phase of at least three years and if progressed would connect to existing infrastructure in the Latrobe Valley via undersea and underground transmission cables. If the project goes ahead, it is hoped the wind farm could be generating power in time to contribute to the government’s Renewable Energy Target of 40% by 2025.

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59

COASTAL VIRGINIA OFFSHORE WIND PROJECT CAPACITY 12MW TURBINES FOUNDATIONS JACKET US electric utility company Dominion Energy Virginia has signed an agreement and strategic partnership with DONG Energy to build two 6-megawatt (MW) turbines off the coast of Virginia Beach. Full deployment at the lease area could generate up to 2GW of energy and the two companies have signed a memorandum of understanding which gives DONG Energy exclusive rights to discuss a strategic partnership with Dominion Energy about developing the commercial site based on successful deployment of the initial test turbines. The timing for construction depends on many factors such as weather and protected species migration patterns, the developer said. The two companies will now begin refining agreements for engineering, procurement and construction, with Dominion Energy remaining the sole owner of the project.

The project continues what previously was called the Virginia Offshore Wind Technology Assessment Project (VOWTAP). Dominion Energy began work on the project in 2011 as part of a Department of Energy grant to develop and test new wind technologies that could lower the cost and withstand hurricanes. During that time, achievements were made to advance the project including: Approval of the Research Activities Plan by BOEM and environmental studies, which included avian and bat surveys, as well as assessments of ocean currents, archeological conditions, and whale migration patterns. Engineering and development work on the newly named Coastal Virginia Offshore Wind project is expected to begin immediately by DONG Energy to support the targeted installation by the end of 2020.

Š Dominion Energy

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Offshore WIND | NO. 03 2017

USA

BAY STATE WIND CAPACITY 2,000MW FOUNDATIONS GROUNDED The U.S. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) has issued its first approval of an offshore wind Site Assessment Plan (SAP) to Bay State Wind, a utility-scale offshore wind project in Massachusetts located 15 nautical miles south of Martha’s Vineyard in the Atlantic Ocean. The BOEM approval paved the way for Bay State Wind’s next crucial step – deployment of the FLiDAR WindSentinel system off the coast of Martha’s Vineyard to measure wave and wind speeds in the project’s lease area. Bay State Wind is a joint venture between DONG Energy and Eversource, under which DONG Energy will lead the development and construction of the project’s offshore generation and transmission assets and Eversource will develop and construct the onshore transmission system. “We are thrilled to be the first in the country to receive this approval from BOEM, and to be a part of this huge step forward for the offshore wind industry in the U.S.,” said Thomas Brostrøm, North America president of DONG Energy.

REVOLUTION WIND CAPACITY 144MW Deepwater Wind unveiled plans for its newest project off the American coast on 31 July. The 144MW Revolution Wind, an offshore wind farm that would be paired with a 40MWh battery storage system provided by Tesla, is proposed to be built in Deepwater Wind’s federal lease site off the coast of Massachusetts. If approved, local construction work on Revolution Wind would begin in 2022, with the project in operations in 2023.

At 144MW, Revolution Wind could be built in a single construction season, and developed more cost-effectively, and with considerably less risk, than a larger project, the developer stated. Deepwater Wind is proposing the 144MW Revolution Wind farm in response to the Commonwealth’s request for proposals for new sources of clean energy in Section 83D of the Act to Promote Energy Diversity.

In addition, the developer provided alternative bids for a larger 288MW version of Revolution Wind and a smaller 96MW version. Deepwater Wind also intends to submit an offshore wind proposal under Massachusetts’ separate 83C offshore wind RFP.

© DONG Energy

Those bids are due in December 2018. Deepwater Wind also announced that it will be the first offshore wind company to base construction and operations in the City of New Bedford, Mass. The company will locate final turbine assembly and staging operations at the New Bedford Marine Commerce Terminal.

Offshore WIND | NO. 03 2017

61

SPIC BINHAI SOUTH H3 CAPACITY 300MW TURBINES 100 FOUNDATIONS GROUNDED Danish engineering, design and consultancy company

© Ramboll

Ramboll has been appointed by Huadong Engineering Corporation to design foundations for the 300MW SPIC Binhai South H3 offshore wind farm in the Yellow Sea north of Shanghai. The project involves geotechnical investigations, numerical modelling of waves, currents and tidal variations, and detailed designing of the monopile foundations for 75 wind turbines. The wind farm is being developed on behalf of the State Power Investment Corporation (SPIC), a large state-owned enterprise committed to developing sustainable energy.

“We are excited to have the opportunity to work on yet another offshore wind project in China,” said Søren Juel Petersen, Global Market Director in Ramboll Energy.

Ramboll has already carried out two offshore wind projects in the Jiangsu province in China – the SPIC Binhai North H1 and H2 projects, on which Ramboll was responsible for the design of 125 monopile steel turbine foundations and a 400MW substation. SPIC Binhai North H1 began producing power in December 2016 while SPIC Binhai North H2 is scheduled to

CHN

produce power later in 2017.

FORMOSA I PHASE I CAPACITY 8MW TURBINES 2 FOUNDATIONS MONOPILE Taiwan has issued its first ever commercial operating license for an offshore wind farm, the 8MW Formosa I Phase I wind farm off the Miaoli County. Formosa I is located approximately 3 kilometres off the Coast of Miaoli County in North-West Taiwan. Formosa I is being developed in two phases.

The two Siemens 4MW turbines comprising the Phase I were installed in October 2016. In Phase II, a further 120MW of capacity is planned to be added by 2019, subject to final investment decision.

In January 2017, DONG Energy and Macquarie Capital agreed to acquire stakes in the Formosa I project. Macquarie Capital holds a 50% share in the project, DONG controls a 35% stake, and Swancor Industries the remaining 15%. DONG is providing advisory services on the project, with Swancor Renewable leading the project through site development and construction. Macquarie Capital is also working with DONG and Swancor Renewable to complete the development and construction of the project. Taiwan’s Ministry of Economic Affairs granted the licence to the twoturbine wind farm at the end of April, Swancor said.

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Offshore WIND | NO. 03 2017

SOUTHWEST OFFSHORE WIND FARM PROJECT CAPACITY 60MW TURBINES 20 FOUNDATIONS GROUNDED SUBSTATION 1 Korea Offshore Wind Power (KOWP) and Swiss Re have awarded LOC Group a contract for marine warranty surveying (MWS) services on the 60MW test phase of Korea’s Southwest Offshore Windfarm Project. The project, which will include twenty 3MW wind turbines from Korean manufacturer Doosan, and an offshore high voltage substation, is being built by KOWP, a subsidiary of Korean utility KEPCO. The project will provide an R&D opportunity for the construction team, with the installation of two different foundation types for comparison.

A combination of suction bucket type foundations (developed by KEPRI) and a Warren Truss type four-legged jacket (developed by POSCO) will be used on the site. LOC’s contract for services will run from the second quarter of 2017 until early 2019.

KOR JPN

KASHIMA PORT CAPACITY 93.60MW TURBINES 18 The Ibaraki Prefectural Government in Japan has selected the Kajima offshore wind power consortium comprising Wind Power Energy and Hitachi Wind Power to develop the 93.6MW Kashima Port offshore wind project.

The wind farm will comprise 18 Hitachi 5.2MW wind turbine units installed

TWN

over an area of about 340 ha near the Kashima Port. Back in 2016, Japan amended its Port and Harbour Law to allow offshore wind developers to lease designated water zones in port areas for a period of up to 20 years the option to re-apply for another lease. The amendments also set up a bidding system for offshore wind-related development in port areas. The value of the project is approximately JPY 49 billion (EUR 377 million), the government said.

Offshore WIND | NO. 03 2017

63

ROBIN RIGG CAPACITY 174MW TURBINES 58 FOUNDATIONS JACKET

© E.ON

The UK Supreme Court has ruled against MT Højgaard (MTH) in the Robin Rigg offshore wind farm dispute and in favour of E.ON Climate and Renewables. This appeal arose from the fact that the foundation structures at the Robin Rigg wind farm in the Solway Firth, which were designed and installed by MTH, failed shortly after completion of the project. The Supreme Court considered whether the contract for the design and installation of foundations for the offshore wind farm imposed a fitness for purpose obligation on the contractor amounting to a warranty that said foundations would have a service life of 20 years. The grouted connections at Robin Rigg started to fail in April 2010 with the transition pieces starting to slip down the monopiles.

The Supreme Court has now unanimously allowed E.ON’s appeal and has found MTH to be liable to cover the remedial costs.

The dispute concerned who bears the remedial costs in the sum of EUR 26.25m. In November 2015, the UK Supreme Court approved E.ON’s application to appeal against a ruling in favour of MTH from April 2015 regarding the Robin Rigg dispute.

HORNSEA PROJECT ONE © DONG Energy

WALNEY EXTENSION

CAPACITY 1,218MW TURBINES 174

CAPACITY 659MW

FOUNDATIONS MONOPILE

TURBINES 87

SUBSTATIONS 1

FOUNDATIONS MONOPILE

DONG Energy has decided to use only monopile foundations on the 174-turbine Hornsea Project One offshore wind farm. It was

Seajacks’ wind farm installation vessel, Seajacks Scylla,

indicated previously that suction bucket jacket foundations were under

has arrived in Belfast and is being loaded with the

consideration for the remaining third of Hornsea Project One, however

first batch of turbine components to be installed at the

until the details could be finalised, the project and suppliers have kept

659MW Walney Extension offshore wind farm, DONG

flexibility for a range of options, DONG said. It has now been decided

Energy told Offshore WIND. Walney Extension will

that monopile foundations will also be used for the remaining 58

consist of 40 8.25MW MHI Vestas and 47 7MW Siemens

foundations, and supply contracts including for transition pieces are

wind turbines, as well as two offshore substations,

in the advanced stages of negotiation, the Danish developer said. The

installed some 19 kilometres off the Cumbrian coast.

needs of the 1.2GW Hornsea Project One, including timescales, have

Seajacks Scylla will install all 87 wind turbine units at the

led to DONG taking the decision to use the same monopile/transition

wind farm. The turbine components and foundations,

piece foundation solution for all turbines. This decision optimises

which are currently being installed, are being stored

the execution of the project, and helps ensure it will be built on time,

in Belfast and the construction is coordinated from the

according to DONG. In November 2016, DONG announced that EEW

port of Barrow in Furness. When fully commissioned in

SPC would provide 116 monopile foundations for Hornsea Project One,

2019, Walney Extension will become the world’s largest

and in early 2017 that 116 transition pieces would be provided by Bladt

operating offshore wind farm.

Industries with Offshore Structures Britain, and Steelwind with Wilton Engineering. The installation of the jacket foundations was awarded to Royal Boskalis Westminster, who in turn contracted SPT Offshore to install 174 suction pile foundations for the 58 jackets. The wind farm will comprise 174 Siemens 7MW wind turbines, and once fully operational in 2020, it will be the largest offshore wind farm in the world.

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Offshore WIND | NO. 03 2017

NEART NA GAOITHE SCT

CAPACITY 448MW TURBINES 56 FOUNDATIONS JACKET The Inner House of the Scottish Court of Session has refused RSPB’s application to appeal the Court’s earlier decision to allow further development of four offshore wind projects in the Firth of Forth and Firth of Tay. Namely, the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) Scotland had applied to the Inner House for permission to appeal the decision to the

© Stratoil

Supreme Court. RSPB launched a legal challenge against the approval of four wind farms – Inch Cape, Seagreen

HYWIND SCOTLAND PILOT PARK

Alpha, Seagreen Bravo and Neart na Gaoithe – by the Scottish Ministers in January 2015, claiming that the projects

CAPACITY 30MW

pose ”too great a risk to the many thousands of resident and

TURBINES 5

migratory seabirds.” In July 2016, the Outer House of the Court of Session ruled in favour of RSPB and ordered the

FOUNDATIONS SPAR FLOATER

Scottish Ministers to reconsider the decisions to approve the four wind farms and address concerns raised by the RSPB. The Scottish Ministers lodged an appeal against

Following reports on the first turbine arriving at the site of

this ruling in August 2016 but the Inner House of the Court

the world’s first floating offshore wind farm in Scotland,

of Session, Scotland’s supreme civil court, overturned the

Statoil today confirmed that the first of five Siemens 6MW

ruling which halted further development of four wind projects

turbines, mounted on a SPAR-type floating foundation, is at

in May 2017. The decision clears the way for Mainstream

its designated location. The turbines are 253 meters tall from

Renewable Power to proceed with the 450MW Neart na

bottom to wing tip, of which 78 metres will be under water

Gaoithe offshore wind farm. Work on the project is expected

and 175 metres above, according to Statoil, which further

to start next year and is scheduled to be delivered by 2021

added that the turbine has a rotor diameter of 154 metres,

at a strike price of GBP 114.39/MWh.

with each blade being 75 metres long and the nacelle big enough to park two double decker buses inside. The floating substructures, built by the Spanish Navantia-Windar consortium, are 91 meters long and have a diameter of 14.40 metres. The 30MW Hywind Scotland Pilot Park, which can provide 20 000 UK households with renewable energy, is owned by Statoil (75%) and Masdar (25%). Hywind Scotland is expected to be commissioned later this year.

UK

BLYTH OFFSHORE DEMONSTRATOR PROJECT CAPACITY 41.50MW TURBINES 5 FOUNDATIONS GRAVITY-BASE

© EFD Energy Renewables

© DONG Energy

The first gravity-based foundation (GBF) built for the Blyth Offshore Demonstrator Project has been installed onto the seabed. This marks the first time the specialist ‘float and submerge’ method has been used on an offshore wind farm, EDF Energy Renewables reported via social media. The foundation design utilises ‘self-installing’ technology, developed by two BAM companies, BAM Nuttall and BAM Infra. The design has been carried out by BAM Infraconsult, which assigned COWI to assist with geotechnical interpretation and load definition. The foundations combine a steel reinforced concrete foundation, with a steel monopile, allowing the installation in water depth of up to 45 metres while eliminating noise from pile hammering during installation. It will feature five MHI Vestas 8MW turbines optimised to deliver a maximum output of 8.3MW. The 41.5MW Blyth Offshore Demonstrator Project is the first to utilise the hybrid gravity based foundations, as well as 66kV electrical infrastructure. In June 2016, Royal BAM Group won a contract to design, fabricate and install five full-size gravity base foundations on the offshore wind farm located 5.7km off the coast of Blyth, Northumberland.

Offshore WIND | NO. 03 2017

65

GEMINI CAPACITY 600MW TURBINES 150 FOUNDATIONS MONOPILE The Gemini offshore wind farm, a 600MW facility situated 85 kilometres north of the Groningen coast and one of the world’s largest offshore wind farms, is now officially open.

During the official opening, the Gemini shareholders received a part of the original export cable as a present, and Koninklijke Nederlandse Redding Maatschappij (KNRM; Royal Dutch Rescue Association) and Waddenvereniging (Wadden Association) were each

© Gemini

presented with a EUR 10,000 cheque. The offshore wind farm is owned by Northland Power (60%), Siemens Financial Services (20%), Van Oord Dredging and Marine Contractors BV (10%) and N.V. HVC (10%). At the ceremony Van Oord’s CEO Pieter van Oord said: “The North Sea is to the Netherlands what oil is to Saudi Arabia.” He added that the offshore wind farm, which was completed on schedule and within budget, was the most challenging project the company has done so far. Gemini, built on two locations close to each other, comprises 150 4MW Siemens wind turbines.

BORSSELE 1 AND 2 CAPACITY 752MW

NL

TURBINES 94 FOUNDATIONS MONOPILE SUBSTATIONS 1 Siemens Gamesa and DONG Energy have signed an agree­ ment for the supply and maintenance of 94 8MW turbines at the 752MW Borssele 1 and 2 offshore wind farm being developed in the Dutch part of the North Sea. Borssele 1 and 2 will be located 22km from the coast of the Dutch province of Zeeland in water depths between 14 and 38 metres and will

BE

cover an area of 128.30km2. The nacelles for this project will be assembled in Siemens Gamesa’s new factory in Cuxhaven, Germany. The 8MW turbine is based on the existing Siemens

RENTEL

© Sif Group

CAPACITY 309MW TURBINES 42 FOUNDATIONS MONOPILE SUBSTATIONS 1

Gamesa offshore direct drive platform. More than 200 Siemens direct drive wind turbines in the 6-8MW class have already been installed and commissioned on offshore wind farms. The blades for the Borssele 1 and 2 projects will be produced in Hull, England. The power supplied of the 752MW Borssele 1 and 2 projects will be sufficient to cover the annual electricity consumption of close to one million households, Siemens Gamesa said. Siemens Gamesa and DONG Energy have colla­ bo­rated on several offshore wind farms including London Array, West of Duddon Sands and Westermost Rough in the United

After installing the first four monopiles and transition pieces at the

Kingdom, the Anholt project in Denmark, as well as Borkum

Rentel offshore wind farm site in Belgium, GeoSea’s wind farm

Riffgrund 1 and Gode Wind 1 and 2 in German waters. The

installation vessel Innovation returned to the Port of Rotterdam to load

wind farm is scheduled for commissioning by the end of 2020.

further three monopiles and TPs. The vessel picked up the foundations at the Maasvlakte 2 site, where Sif Group – the company in charge of producing the foundations together with its partner Smulders – has set up a production, storage and load-out terminal. In January of this year, Innovation loaded the first foundations at Sif’s site, which were installed at the Galloper offshore wind farm in the UK. For Balgian Rentel offshore wind farm, all 42 monopiles are being produced by Sif, while the transition pieces are delivered by Sif in joint venture with Smulders, whereby Sif produces the primary steel and Smulders is responsible for the outfitting of the transition pieces. The project, scheduled to become fully operational by the end of 2018, is being developed by Rentel NV, a consortium of eight Belgian shareholders, including Otary Offshore Energy, DEME Group and Elicio NV.

66

© Siemens Gamesa

VEJA MATE CAPACITY 402MW TURBINES 67 FOUNDATIONS MONOPILE © Suomen Hytytuuli Oy

SUBSTATIONS 1

TAHKOLUOTO OFFSHORE WIND POWER PROJECT The final of the 67 Siemens SWT-6.0-154 turbines at the 402MW Veja Mate offshore wind farm was commissioned on 31 May, Veja Mate Offshore Project GmbH reports.

The final turbine was installed at the site in the German North Sea on Thursday, 25 May, less than 14 months from the start of the construction phase and 23 months

CAPACITY 42MW TURBINES 10 FOUNDATIONS GRAVITY-BASE

after the project’s financial close, according to the developer. The first turbine was installed in early January

Commissioning of the Siemens 4.2MW wind turbines and erosion

2017. The two jack-up vessels working on the project out

protection of foundations is in full swing at the 42MW Tahkoluoto wind

of the Port of Esbjerg in Denmark were Seajacks Scylla

farm off Pori, Finland. Vole au vent also completed the installation of the

and Fred. Olsen Windcarrier’s Bold Tern. The milestone

ten gravity based foundations at the site in the first half of June and the

signifies that all of the 67 units are now feeding power to

final turbine was installed at the site by Jan De Nul’s jack-up Vole au vent

the grid, the developer said. The project was completed

in July. The EUR 120 million Tahkoluoto offshore wind project is being

four months ahead of schedule and will be delivered

developed by Suomen Hyötytuuli Oy and is the world’s first offshore wind

well within the CAPEX budget agreed at the financial

farm designed for icy conditions. The wind farm is scheduled for to be

close, the developer said. Veja Mate is a EUR 1.90

fully operational by September 2017.

billion project owned by the Highland Group Holdings Ltd, Siemens Financial Services and CI II managed by Copenhagen Infrastructure Partners.

FIN

© Veja Mate © Jan de Nul

BORKUM RIFFGRUND 2 CAPACITY 450MW TURBINES 56 FOUNDATIONS GROUNDED SUBSTATIONS 1 Jan De Nul’s fall pipe vessel Simon Stevin has arrived at the Visnes Eklogitt quarry in Norway, where it will load the first batch of 32,000 tonnes of rock and transport it to the Borkum Riffgrund 2 offshore wind farm in Germany. There, the vessel will install scour protection layers onto the seabed for the wind turbine foundations. The load is the first of four to be loaded, transported and installed by the Simon Stevin. The last three batches will be provided by the Rekefjord quarry and loaded in Eemshaven, the Netherlands. The 450MW Borkum Riffgrund 2 is located approximately 57km off the north-west coast of Germany, next to the 312MW Borkum Riffgrund 1 offshore wind farm. The wind farm will consist of 56 MHI Vestas 8MW turbines.

DU

In 2016, Jan De Nul signed a contract with DONG Energy for the transport and installation of 36 monopiles, anode cages and transition pieces for the Borkum Riffgrund 2 offshore wind farm. In addition, Jan De Nul was also awarded the supply, transport and installation of scour protection for all foundations to be installed in 2018. Full commissioning of the project is expected to take place in 2019.

Offshore WIND | NO. 03 2017

67

To reduce cost, we need offshore efficiency and operational work flows. LCoE is not a complicated equation. It’s simply: Let’s Cooperate Efficiently.

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FEBRUARY

NOVEMBER

Offshore Energy Exhibition & Conference (9), 10, 11 October Conference & Exhibition Amsterdam, the Netherlands www.offshore-energy.biz

Windforce Baltic Sea 7 - 8 February Conference & Exhibition Gothenburg, Sweden www.windforce.info/balticsea

SEPTEMBER

Offshore WIND Conference 9 - 10 October Conference Amsterdam, the Netherlands www.offshoreWINDconference.biz

MARCH

FEBRUARY

HUSUM Wind 2017 12 - 15 September Exhibition Husum, Germany www.husumwind.com

MAY

OCTOBER

SEPTEMBER

EVENTSCALENDAR

Global Offshore 2018 19 - 20 June Conference & Exhibition Manchester, United Kingdom www.offshorewind2017.com

For a complete overview of all offshore wind events go to WWW.OFFSHOREWIND.BIZ. Offshore WIND | NO. 03 2017

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BUSINESSDIRECTORY

OIL CONTROL SYSTEMS Vlotlaan 232 2681 TV Monster The Netherlands T +31 17 42 81 67 5 info@oilcontrolsystems.nl www.oilcontrolsystems.nl

Offshore WIND | NO. 03 2017

KCI De Brauwweg 22-30 3125 AE Schiedam The Netherlands T +31 10 42 70 39 9 info@kci.nl www.kci.nl

SWAN HUNTER (NE) LTD. Station Road, Wallsend, NE28 6EQ United Kingdom T +44 (0) 19 12 95 02 95 info@swanhunter.com www. swanhunter.com

Installation Vessels

70

BALTIC TAUCHEREIUND BERGUNGSBETRIEB ROSTOCK GMBH Alter Hafen Sud 3 18069 Rostock Germany T +49 39 18 11 10 00 info@baltic-taucher.de www.baltic-tacher.de

DELTA LLOYD Postbus 1000, 1000 BA Amsterdam The Netherlands T +31 (0) 61 06 23 93 1 willem_schrijver@deltalloyd.nl www.deltalloyd.com

ING BANK N.V. Bijlmerplein 888 P.O. Box 1800 1000 BV Amsterdam The Netherlands T +31 (0)20 56 51 02 4 steven.evans@ingbank.com www.ingwb.com

HSE & Training

LONDON OFFSHORE CONSULTANTS LIMITED Ibex House 42-47 Minories London EC3N 1DY United Kingdom T +44 20 72 64 32 50 london@loc-group.com www.loc-group.com

Engineering Companies

Consultancy & Inspections

VERWEIJ HOEBEE GROEP Marine Surveyors and Consulting Engineers Osdorper Ban 17 BC 1068 LD Amsterdam The Netherlands T +31 (0) 20 61 07 26 0 info@verweij-hoebee.nl www.verweij-hoebee.nl

JAN DE NUL GROUP 34-36 Parc d’activités Capellen 8308 Capellen Luxembourg T +35 23 98 91 1 info@jandenulgroup.com www.jandenul.com

VAN OORD OFFSHORE WIND PROJECTS BV P.O. Box 458 4200 AL Gorinchem The Netherlands T +31 88 82 65 20 0 area.owp@vanoord.com www.vanoord.com

Diving Operations

Chartering

WATERWORKS OFFSHORE SERVICES GMBH Turmweg 1 - 20148 Hamburg Germany T +49 40 52 47 72 05 0 chartering@waterworks-offshore.com www.waterworks-offshore.com

Finance

Contractors

Cables & Components

KRAL AG Bildgasse 40 Industrie Nord 6890 Lustenau Austria T +43 55 77 86 64 42 53 info@kral.at www.kral.at

HEIGHTEC Unit 19, Lake District Business Park Mint Bridge Road Kendal LA9 6NH United Kingdom T +44 15 39 72 88 66 info@heightec.com www.heightec.com

A2SEA A/S Kongens Kvarter 51 7000 Fredericia Denmark T +45 75 92 82 11 a2sea@a2sea.com www.a2sea.com

MPI OFFSHORE Resolution House 18 Ellerbeck Court Stokesley Business Park Stokesley North Yorkshire TS9 5PT United Kingdom T +44 16 42 74 22 00 info@mpi-offshore.com www.mpi-offshore.com

SEAFOX P.O. Box 799 2130 AT Hoofddorp The Netherlands T +31 (0)23 55 41 31 3 info@seafox.com

SPINNER GMBH Erzgiessereistr. 33 80335 Munich Germany +49 89 12601-0 E-Mail: info@spinner-group.com Web: www.spinner-group.com

NV PORT OF DEN HELDER Postbus 4058 1780 HB Den Helder T +31 (0) 22 36 18 48 1 www.portofdenhelder.eu

www.seajacks.com

Lifting Equipment

PROTEA SP. Z O.O. Galaktyczna 30A 80-299 Gdansk Poland T +48 58 34 80 00 4 protea@protea.pl www.protea.pl

Personnel Services

TOS - ENERGY & MARITIME MANPOWER Waalhaven O.Z. 77 3087 BM Rotterdam The Netherlands T +31 10 43 66 39 3 info@tos.nl www.tos.nl

DAMEN SHIPYARDS GROUP P.O. Box 1 4200 AA Gorinchem The Netherlands T +31 18 36 39 91 1 info@damen.com www.damen.com

HUBEL MARINE B.V. Karel Doornmanweg 5 3115 JD Schiedam The Netherlands T +31 10 45 87 33 8 info@hubelmarine.com www.hubelmarine.com

C-VENTUS OFFSHORE WINDFARM SERVICES BV Havenkade 100a 1973 AM IJmuiden The Netherlands T +31 25 58 20 02 0 E-mail: info@c-ventus.com

EEW SPECIAL PIPE CONTRUCTIONS GMBH Am Eisenwerk 1 18147 Rostock Germany T + 49 38 18 17 16 0 info@eewspc.de www.eewspc.de

SMULDERS Hoge Mauw 200 2370 Arendonk – Belgium info@smuldersgroup.com www.smulders.com

Vessel Designers & Builders

Suppliers

Port & Logistics

AYOP Het Havengebouw De Ruijterkade 7 (13e etage) 1013 AA Amsterdam The Netherlands T +31 (0) 20 62 73 70 6 info@ayop.com

VROON OFFSHORE SERVICES Het Nieuwe Werk 88 1781 AK Den Helder The Netherlands T +31 22 36 73 80 0 info@nl.vroonoffshore.com www.vroonoffshore.com

Towers, Foundations, Substations

Ship Builders

Offshore

ELA CONTAINER NEDERLAND B.V. Rouaanstraat 39 9723 CC Groningen The Netherlands T +31 50 31 82 24 7 info@ela-offshore.com www.ela-container.com

ZEELAND SEAPORTS Schelpenpad 2, Harbour no 1151 P.O. Box 132 Terneuzen The Netherlands T +31 11 56 47 40 0 info@zeelandseaports.com www.zeelandseaports.com

PIRIOU ZI du Moros BP 521 29185 Concarneau Cedex France T +33 02 98 97 09 48 piriou@piriou.fr www.piriou.com

Offshore WIND | NO. 03 2017

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COLOPHON

ADVERTISERS’ INDEX

SALES Jeroen Tresfon | jt@navingo.com Dick Hill | dh@navingo.com Merle Fakkel | mf@navingo.com Maarten Molhoek | mm@navingo.com

| AYOP

| CWIND

page 4

EDITORIAL PRINT Rebecca van den Berge-McFedries | rm@navingo.com Joost Dankers | jd@navingo.com Dick Hill | dh@navingo.com Adrijana Buljan | abu@navingo.com Adnan Durakovic | adu@navingo.com Helen Hill Eize de Vries

| Damen

inside front

page 58

| Cuxhaven page 14

| Deme back cover | EEW

| Europort page 48 | International Business Guide

MARKETING Marleen Varekamp | mv@navingo.com

page 43

page 14

| IPS page 28

DESIGN | PRINTING Grafisch Bedrijf Crezée

| WIndEnergy Europe

page 28

| MPI page 2

COVER IMAGE © MHI Vestas Offshore Wind

| O ffshore Energy Exhibition & Conference © 2017 Navingo BV. The entire contents of this publication are protected by copyright. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form or by any means without the permission of the copyright owner. While every care has been taken in the preparation of this

| Oil control systems

inside back page 14

| Pronomar page 58

publication, neither the publisher nor the editor are responsible for the views and opinions expressed in this publication or for any inaccuracies in the articles. About: Offshore WIND is a publication by Navingo BV, a maritime multi media company based in the Netherlands. Offshore WIND is the first independent international magazine entirely dedicated to the offshore wind

| Spinner GmbH

page 4

| Van Oord

page 2

| VCK Travel

page 24

| Zeeland Seaports

page 48

industry. The magazine provides its readers with news and background information on projects, research, legislation and companies and upcoming events. Offshore WIND is published quarterly (in January, April, July and October) and is available by annual subscription at 79 Euros. For regular updates the printed magazine is supported by the online platform.

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E info@navingo.com

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I www.OffshoreWINDmagazine.com

@Offshorewindmag @Offshorewindbiz

3115 JG Schiedam

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Offshore WIND

The Netherlands

I www.navingo.com

T +31 (0)10 209 2600

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Offshore WIND magazine Wind Farm Support Vessels

Offshore WIND | NO. 03 2017

Created and produced by

OFFSHORE WIND

OIL & GAS

MARINE ENERGY

Register now Offshore Energy attracts a global audience of more than 12,000 offshore energy industry professionals.

The three-day event, features an exhibition where over 650 companies will showcase their products and services. The accompanying conference addresses current and future issues in the offshore industry, covering developments in oil & gas, offshore wind and marine energy. See you in Amsterdam!

Supported by

Platinum Sponsors

First-class offshore contracting solutions

Foundation Installation with Heavy Lift Vessel ‘Innovation’ at the Godewind 01 & 02 project

Monopile installation at the Northwind project

Wind Turbine installation with jack-up vessel ‘Neptune’ and boom lock system at the Kentish Flats Extension project

GeoSea nv Member of the DEME Group Haven 1025 - Scheldedijk 30 B-2070 Zwijndrecht, Belgium T +32 3 250 53 12 F +32 3 250 55 41 info.geosea@deme-group.com www.deme-group.com/geosea

GeoSea is a specialized company for (EPCI) offshore works, focused on the installation of wind turbine foundations and erection of turbines. Large jack-up platforms and drilling and piling rigs are our plants of choice for working in deep waters.

GeoSea offers first-class offshore contracting solutions to global clients. We have the skills, the technology and the equipment to perform in the most challenging marine environment. Always working closely with our clients, we understand what it takes to define and deliver a project costeffectively, safely and on time.