Assignment 1, EBS - ABPL20036

ENVIRONMENTAL BUILDING SYSTEMS - ABPL20036 ASSIGNMENT 1

TUTOR : NAYAN TIME : THURSDAY, 09.00-11.00 am

NESIA CAHYONO 813807

CLIENT PROFILE The house is intentionally designed for a new couple, Rudy and Ratna, in Point Cook who has just had their first son. Everyday Rudy works in his own farm raising livestocks, while Ratna spends the whole day in their rented house taking care of their son, Daryn, and her small garden. Ratna loves gardening in her spare time. Actually, farming is an activity which is beneficial for human wellbeing, yet livestocks produce methane which is bad for the environment. While Rudy is aware of this circumstance, he has no choice as farming provides foodstuffs for people. Therefore, he decided to consider sustainability in other activities he does. Meanwhile, Ratna who is usually at home often gets called from her mother in law in Jakarta. Her mother and father in law are very happy because they had their first grandchild.

They decided to come and spend some weeks in Melbourne frequently, especially after Ratna told her that they are planning to have their second child after Daryn reaches 2 years old. In the call, they usually share stories about what happen in Melbourne and Jakarta. Ratna is told that up until now people in Indonesia have not been aware of their environment. Profit and materiality are all what they are concerned about. Reflecting to this condition, Ratna becomes concerned about environmental issues. In this project, both Rudy and Ratna are agreed to build a convenience house with the most STRAWBALE sustainable design as possible. Three bedrooms are proposed to accommodate them and STRAWBALE Rudy’s parents. One bedroom facing east is provided to ensure that Daryn gets morning sunlight everyday, and living space is located at the north side of the house to ensure it is warm. Additionally, sustainable PLASTER PLASTER materials and strategies are proposed to meet their requirements.

WINTER SUN

STRAWBALE STRAWBALE STRAWBALE

PLASTERBOARD PLASTERBOARD PLASTERBOARD PLASTERBOARD PLASTERBOARD

DD DDD 0404 04 0404

WWW WW 0202 0202

WW W WW 0606060606

W WWWW 01 0101 0101

PLASTERPLASTER PLASTER

OUTSIDE OUTSIDE

OUTSIDE OUTSIDE OUTSIDE

450 450

INSIDE INSIDE 10450 450 10 450

INSIDE INSIDE INSIDE

1010 10

SUMMER SUN

DDD DD 0303 0303

03

WW 0505

W WW 05 0505

W WW W 02 W02 020202 D

OVERHANG EAVES ROOF TRUSS WITH 23O PITCH

Fink truss roof is to be used as the roof system. The reason is because it has minimal materials to support large amount of load. Besides its economical and structural benefits, less material means less resource exploitation. Moreover, truss is classified as a non-labor intensive product as it is relatively easy and quick to construct.

WW 0101

W W W01 0101

DD DD 02 02020202 D D 02DD D 02 020202

D D D D DD 02DD DD DD DD 0202 0202 DD 030303 DD 030303 DD 030303 03 03 03

03

03

03

D DD 01 DD 0101

0101

W 01W WW W0101

0101

W 03WW WW 0303

0303

W 04WW WW 0404

0404

W 03 WW WW 0303

0303

Gas line Cold water line Sewerage line Telecom line Electricity line Rainwater line

WINDOW D 04

W 02

W 06

900

900

900

1000

1500

W05

W06

500

W 01

1200

1300

D 03 W 05

900

HANDLE

1000

W 02

HINGES

1700

W02

W01

900

W03

W04

WINDOW SCHEDULES D 02 900

900

W 01

900

D 02 D 03 900

D 03

1000

D 03

1500

W 01

D 01

D 02

1220

W

CASEMENT

02

W

500

1200

03

W 01

1300

W

04

1700 900

1000

N

NOT TO SCALE TO SHOW DOORS AND WINDOWS

W 03

W 04

WALL 760

713

3000

“Veneta” PVC Venetian blinds are used in bathrooms, toilet and ensuite becasue of its waterproof quality

STRAWBALE PLASTERBOARD

FIXED 2100

BOTTOM HUNG

W

SLIDING

W

DOUBLE HUNG

05

W 03

DOOR 1220

CASEMENT

06

PVC-006-01 W: DEFAULTS uPVC B DG ARGON 760 FILL CLEAR-CLEAR713 PVC-006-01 W: DEFAULTS uPVC B DG ARGON FILL CLEAR-CLEAR PVC-006-02 W: DEFAULTS uPVC B DG ARGON FILL TINT-CLEAR PVC-006-02 W: DEFAULTS uPVC B DG ARGON FILL TINT-CLEAR PVC-006-02 W: DEFAULTS uPVC B DG ARGON FILL TINT-CLEAR PVC-006-01 W: DEFAULTS uPVC B DG ARGON FILL CLEAR-CLEAR

3000

CEMENT PLASTER

AS THE RENDER Low average temperature of Melbourne makes double glazed window critical to prevent conduction and/or convection heat transfer(s). The air gap is filled with argon to increase the performance under the sunlight. Moreover, uPVC windows tend to have STRAW BALE PERFORMS longer durability as it is both termite and corrosive resistants. To increase the clients’ R5ASconvenience, THE STRUCTURAL “Energy” thermacell cellular WALL AND INSULATION blinds are installed on each window, except for baths, toilets and ensuite. It is an energy efficient blind which can perform asW W W insulation as well. A range of cord control options are provided, so that it can be adjusted according 03 06 03 level of light.

PLASTER BOARDS to the AS THE INTERNAL LINING

2100

CROSS SECTION EXTERIOR WALL STRUCTURE

PLASTER OUTSIDE

D02

D01 DOOR SCHEDULES

D03

D 01

SINGLE LEAF

LEFT HAND OUTSWING + FIXED WINDOW, TIMBER

D

SINGLE LEAF

LEFT HAND OUTSWING, TIMBER

D

SINGLE LEAF

RIGHT HAND OUTSWING, TIMBER

D

SLIDING

LEFT HAND PULL, uPVC + GLASS

02 03 04

Notes: D04 would have “Energy” thermacell cellular blinds

D04 Due to the fact that Rudy and Ratna care about sustainability, timber is used as the standard internal doors. It is categorized as renewable resources and its growth removes carbon dioxide from the environment. Moreover, most timber in Australia is locally produced, which significantly reduces the carbon footprints for the delivery. The doors for the external used, on the other hand, are designed with uPVC and glass. Both of them are used for external uses as they can accommodate sealant to prevent air leakage.

INSIDE 450

D 0

W 04

10

Straw bale, which is made of waste products, is an option of sustainable wall materials, especially in Melbourne where most of the temperature is cool.

Straw bale offers high level of insulation which makes it reasonably cost effective in a long term use.

Additional heating or cooling energy is not required remembering its effectiveness in insulating a space.

While typical insulated brick veneer has R value of 2, straw bale by itself gives a performance of R5. Wall thickness becomes the cons for straw bale, sometimes, yet it actually allows every window to have window seat or shelf. Other advantages of straw bale are lowembodied energy and biodegradable.

CROSS SECTION FLOOR STRUCTURE

CEMENT PLASTER AS THE RENDER R5 STRAW BALE PERFORMS AS THE STRUCTURAL WALL AND INSULATION PLASTER BOARDS AS THE INTERNAL LINING

D 02 W 01

D 02 D D D 03 CONCRETE03 03 SLAB 0.2 mm VAPOUR BARRIER TO PREVENT DIRECT CONTACT WITH WATER

W R4 RIGID INSULATION W TO PREVENT 03 HEAT LOSS TO04THE GROUND

Straw bale with plaster render and plaster board linings CONCRETE SLAB

Concrete slab on ground with waterproof membrane and rigid insulation

W 03

D 02

PASSIVE THERMAL STRATEGY CLIMATE RESPONSE Orientation - the house is facing north, where the sun in Australia is oriented CONTROL 1700 mm width pergola provides shading system in the summer. It covers the house from summer sun without any additional energy, makes it works effectively as the passive thermal system APERTURE Openings are provided such as windows and sliding door. In the winter, these apertures, especially on the north direction, allow the sun, which shines low, penetrates to the house heating up the thermal mass.

In the summer, they act as the openings for cross ventilation.

THERMAL MASS In this house, thermal mass is performed by concrete ground on floor. Its high density allows the concrete to release the heat slowly. Thus, it is very effective to stabilize the internal temperature in response to the large variation of temperature in Melbourne.

DISTRIBUTION Cross opening in East-West and North-South orientations are designed to reduce heat and increase the air circulation in summer.

ROOF INSULATION Bulk insulation is installed under the ceiling instead of under the truss’s top chord. It is because the smallest the room, the warmer it would be. There is no usable space under the top chord, thus it would be useless to put insulation under it.

PERGOLA

HIPPED VALLEY ROOFS

SUMMER SUN WINTER SUN

SUMMER SUN WINTER SUN

INSIDE

OUTSIDE Angle @ 29o for Melbourne

PASSIVE THERMAL SYSTEMS This building is specifically designed to achieve the goal of passive thermal building. The first thing to be noted is that the building spans East-West, which allows it to get maximum sun light on the north side. Moreover, the house is oriented in such way to allow living area, an area which should be warm, facing north. The fact that Melbourne is located in the Southern hemisphere has an impact on the north orientation of the sun. Therefore north is the desirable orientation to put most of the windows on the house. A small window facing north in the living room has been replaced with a glass sliding door. By doing so, it was expected that the house can get more sunlight, more view and also an access to the garden on the north. However, it might be disadvantageous in the summer, where the sun becomes undesirable. As a solution, pergola is added in the north side of the house to block the summer sun.

N

NOT TO SCALE TO SHOW THE ROOF STRUCTURE

PASSIVE COOLING SYSTEM* Passive cooling system is achieved by providing blinds in the windows and cross opening in the house. The aim of the cross opening is to enhance the air flow in the building.

Each opening is equipped with sealant which prevents air leakage in the winter.

INSIDE

OUTSIDE

INSIDE

OUTSIDE

* details refer to page 8

DUE TO THE GEOLOGICAL LOCATION OF AUSTRALIA, IN MELBOURNE, COLD WIND FLOWS FROM SOUTH TO NORTH. IT IS BECAUSE TO THE SOUTH OF AUSTRALIA IS ANTARCTICA

When the surrounding temperature is higher, often in the afternoon, concrete absorbs heat; cooling the room

When the surrounding temperature is lower, often at night, concrete releases heat; heating the room

Note: three curved arrows on the left illustration are used only to show heat absorption by the concrete. Although the arrow heads point to the building foundation, it does not necessarily mean that the heat is absorbed to the foundation. The heat stops and remains in the concrete. Heat transfer to the foundation is prevented by the rigid insulation under the concrete slab. The case is exactly the same for the right illustration.

SERVICE PLAN NOTES:

ELECTRIC METER SWITCHBOARD ELECTRIC POLE LED LIGHT SINGLE SWITCH DOUBLE SWITCH

FROM TELECOM MAINS

EXHAUST FAN CEILING FAN POWER POINT SMOKE DETECTOR FIRE ALARM PSD PSU NTD PV METER INVERTER TESLA BATTERY REVERSE AIR CONDITIONER

FROM PV PANELS

FROM ELECTRIC MAINS

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1:100 @A3

PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM

DC

GENERAL ELECTRICAL SERVICES • “Philips” LED ceiling lights were selected as they are energy efficient and brightly lit.

It is suitable for seniors who will regularly come to the house.

• Exhaust fans were placed in any rooms which have the tendency to fog up and/or condensate • Switches were installed relatively close to each other to increase the clients’ convenience. The closer, the simpler it would be to turn on some lights at the same time.

COOLING SYSTEM* • Ceiling fans and reverse air con are installed in the key rooms of the house to serve as the main cooling system • Passive cooling system such as aperture will work together with ceiling fans to maintain the temperature not too high.

TO UTILITY

AC

PV METER BATTERY

ELECTRIC SWITCHBOARD

LIGHTING LOADS

DC

Indoor INVERTER

AC

TO THE SWITCHBOARD FOR HOUSEHOLD USE

UTILITY METER INTERFACE

TO THE HOUSEHOLD

TESLA BATTERY UNIT

THIS COMPONENT IS INSIDE THE INVERTER

PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS (20 PANELS)

Graph 1. Household energy consumption

According to Australian Energy Regulator, the average of household quarterly consumption in Victoria is around 1300 kwh. Indeed the figure is higher in winter and lower in summer (see graph 1).

In other words, the average energy consumption per household in Victoria is 14.5 kwh per day. Therefore, 20 panels of 5 kw photovoltaic system are selected to be installed in this house. These panels can produce ~15 kwh of power each day in winter, and ~26 kwh in summer. It is very appropriate remembering that the average household in Australia consists of 5 people, while the client has only 3 members (and expecting the fourth member). The panels are coupled with a Tesla energy storage unit which stores the excess energy when required. The energy will be sold back to the grid, reducing the energy bills in the long term. The details of how does Tesla battery work is illustrated on the next diagram.

ADDITIONAL NOTES: LED LIGHTING • LED light uses 75% less energy when it is compared to the incandescent light bulbs or compact fluorescent light globes.

• In terms of durability, LED globes offer 25 times longer • Reducing electricity spending in the long term as it reduces the energy bills as well as increase durability * details refer to page 8 ** details refer to page 7

TESLA BATTERY UNIT INVERTER

HEATING SYSTEM** • The building is equipped with hydronic heating panel system which will act as the primary heating system • Passive heating system such as concrete thermal mass helps in stabilizing the internal temperature during winter

PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS (20 PANELS)

Steps: 1. Solar panels convert sunlight to direct current (DC) electrical energy 2. (a) Inverter converts DC into Alternating Current (AC) which is ready to be used (b) Interface either sends direct current electrical energy to the battery unit for storing the

energy or sends the DC to the inverter for household use when it is required 3. Direct current (DC) electrical energy is stored in the Tesla unit until it is needed.

ZONE LAMPS Bedroom 1 3 Bedroom 2 2 Bedroom 3 1 Ensuite 1 Laundry 1 WC 1 Bath 2 Kitchen/Living 9 Corridor 5 TOTAL (Watt) TOTAL AREA (m2) Watt/m2 Outdoor ZONE Pergola

LAMPS 3 TOTAL (Watt) TOTAL AREA (m2) Watt/m2

WATT 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9

TOTAL WATT 27 18 9 9 9 9 18 81 45 225 105.6 2.13

WATT 9

TOTAL WATT 27 27 18.2 1.48

In building a new home in Melbourne, lighting load needs to be considered; especially after 2011 when the limit was reduced by NCC to 5 watts/meter2 for indoor use and 4 watts/meter2 for the outdoor. This calculation is essential as clients’ convenience is indeed the main concern, but at the same time, any purposed designs should comply with the ongoing regulations.

SERVICE PLAN NOTES: DOWNPIPES WATER PUMP WATER FILTER HOT WATER SYSTEM RAINWATER TANK GAS FLUE CLOSED LOOP WATER FOR HEATER GAS LINE SOLAR TUBE LINE POTABLE WATER COLD WATER SYSTEM HOT WATER SYSTEM RAIN WATER

HOT WATER FROM EVACUATED SOLAR TUBE COLLECTORS ROOF MOUNTED

WATER METER WATER LINE GAS METER IN OUT IN

IN OUT

LEGAL POINT OF DISCHARGE HYDRONIC PANEL HEATER HYDRONIC SLAB HEATER

N

OVERFLOW TO STORM WATER DRAIN

1:100 @A3

DETAIL OF EVACUATED TUBES

DETAIL OF RAINWATER SYSTEM WATER COLLECTED IN THE GUTTER

SOLAR HYDRONIC HEATING SYSTEM • This house uses hydronic slab heater and hydronic space panels for its active heating system. Both of them are run by solar evacuated tubes • Hydronic heater relies on water circulation and it is a radiant heater. Hydronic slab heater is located in the living room.

• Zoning is the factor which determines the location of the heater. Living zone should be warmer then sleeping zone. Additional space panel is installed in the children room for the baby. Through zoning, the client expenditure on heating cost can be minimized.

RAINWATER SYSTEM • Rainwater tank is installed on ground. Although it might not look as great as the bladder tank-which is concealed under the ground, these tank give more advantages: »» Longer durability »» Better ventilation »» Easy access to be cleaned »» Easy maintenance »» More secure against any movements under the ground • The output of rain water system is connected to most of the households, except kitchen sink (which might be thought as the source of potable water by the client) and the toilet flushes • Although it is actually drinkable, kitchen sink is excluded as the client safety is the priority, especially for Daryn; while the reason for excluding toilet flushes is that processed gray water system will be used instead.

GAS SYSTEM • Gas system is used only for heating hot water system. Actually, it has been connected to the solar evacuated tubes on the roof which indeed will be the main power. However, gas is still needed as a back up if evacuated tubes do not work well • The stove in the kitchen is powered by electricity. Power point in the kitchen has been proposed to accommodate the stove (refer back to page 4) • Although gas is relatively cheap and currently it is more sustainable then electricity, many researches show that in the future, electricity will be much more sustainable.

• Electricity starts to be produced by renewable materials such as sun, while Australia does not have so much renewable energy to produce gas in the future.

230 PITCH ROOF THROUGH THE DOWN PIPE

20,000 L CYLINDER RAIN WATER TANK

PUMP

OUT OVERFLOW RAINWATER LPD

IN

OUT

IN OUT

FILTER

OUT

TO SELECTED HOUSEHOLD WATER SYSTEM

IN WET SYSTEM

• Poly round rainwater system is selected as it can store water up to 20,000 liters. Instead of using 4 of 5000 liters slimline rainwater system, the round one is preferred.

• This house uses wet system as the rainwater is collected through gutters in 2 sides. The water is then directed to the rain water tank through the down pipe and the pipe under the ground.

• After exceeding 20,000 liters, rain water will be directed to the Legal Point of Discharge (LPD) whose location for each house has been assigned by local council • Pump is added to ensure that the water in the whole building has the same pressure; hence, it will flow smoothly to any sections in the house.

• Rainwater is collected from the untreated water which flows through the roof, gutter and pipes. Thus consuming rainwater for household needs is reasonably unsafe.

• Filter processes rainwater in certain way so that it can be used for household purposes safely.

TO HWS INSIDE THE HOUSE FROM WATER MAINS AND HWS

HYDRONIC SYSTEM EVACUATED TUBES - 30 TUBES, 57O PITCH (ADDITIONAL 34O)

INVERTER TO THE INVERTER INSIDE THE HOUSE

POLYCRISTALINE PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR PANELS - 20 PANELS, 30O PITCH (ADDITIONAL 7O)

• Indeed, there is another option for solar water heating system (flat panel), yet evacuated tubes are selected based on some reasons: »» The curved shape allows larger range of sun angles, greater portion of the day »» Each tube fit independently, allowing easier and cheaper maintenance »» Does not contain any water practically, so that t can resist freezing condition • Although it is possible to use solar panels and heat pump, evacuated tubes are selected because of limited roof area and a new born baby who needs much hot water. If solar panels are used, it is either you increase the number of panels or using a controller to sync the PV production and water heating

INSTALLATION

ROOF TRUSS WITH PV SYSTEM IN 30O

ROOF TRUSS WITH EVACUATED TUBES IN 57O

Both of photovoltaic system and evacuated tubes are oriented and tilted to the north.

However, evacuated tubes are usually installed in a steeper angle. Although the angle of inclination for evacuated tubes affect the performance, they do not work as efficient as in photovoltaic system. The roundness of the tubes minimizes the off-azimuth effect, which results in the requirement of larger optimum angle.

requires a vent to get rid of the undesirable gas emitted.

SEWAGE VENT

FILTERED GREY WATER FOR GARDENING

SEWAGE PIT GREY WATER SYSTEM (WITH BUILT-IN FILTER AND PUMP) GREY WATER LINE SEWAGE LINE WATER FROM THE GREY WATER SYSTEM

SEWAGE LINES ARE MORE THAN 900 TO ENSURE THE SEWAGE FLOWS WELL

OUT

IN

OUT

TO SEWAGE PIT, THE LOWEST POINT ON SITE

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SEWAGE LINE SLOPE

1:100 @A3

SEWAGE PIT AND VENT SEWAGE VENT

WET VENT

KITCHEN SINK

GREY WATER SYSTEM

SEWAGE PIT

THE OVERFLOW FROM GREY WATER SYSTEM TERMINATES IN THE SAME FLOW AS SEWAGE SYSTEM

TOILET SINK

OTHER THAN SOLID, SEWERAGE ALSO PRODUCES GAS EMISSION. THERE SHOULD BE A WAY OUT FOR THIS GAS

WASTE VENT

SEWAGE PIPES ARE ALWAYS IN THE ANGLE OF MORE THAN 90O

Notes: Grey water system is located outside the house. This figure shows the illustration only.

Wet vent is used where the vent pipe is combined with the waste pipe. It is preferred as dry vent, which uses vent pipe for each fixture, seems less efficient. More materials are required but do not offer as much advantages as the sacrificed embodied energy.

SERVICE PLAN NOTES: SEWERAGE SYSTEM • Sewerage system should not have any right angle or less to ensure a smooth flow.

• Sewerage system works with the power of gravity. Therefore, all of the pipes should be on certain slope • The slope has to accommodate major and minor losses. Major losses are caused by the friction in the pipe, while minor losses are caused by the change of section, transition, bend or other interruption • As major losses are inevitable, the flow of sewage has to be as simple as possible to minimize minor losses • Similar to gas services, this system

Too much or too little slope is not recommended for sewage line. Too little slope cannot accommodate water and waste to flow, while too much slope flows the water only, and left the waste in the pipe. Moreover, too much slope results in sudden changes in velocity, which increases transition loss (transition loss is one of the minor losses) Description

Diameter Length

: Smart Water PVC DWV SN6 Pipe SWJ : 100 mm :6m

PVC pipe is selected because: • It is flexible, thus resistance to fracture • Available with watertight joint • Non toxic and durable • Smooth wall surface to reduce the major losses

GREY WATER SYSTEM • As has been mentioned in the brief, Ratna loves gardening in her spare time.

Thus, a garden is built in the north side of the house adjacent to the pergola.

• The system of gray water helps her to provide fresh water for her garden.

• It basically recycles water from the laundry and washing machine, showers and baths.

• Grey water system proposes an efficient garden maintenance solution which might reduce the overall water cost • Another advantage is it allows water to be filtered-in a treated condition- before it goes to the ground. In this instance, gray water system contributes in maintaining the surrounding environment; less toxic in ground water.

• In the process of recycling gray water, water comes out from kitchen sinks and toilets are excluded, as they might contains materials which cannot be safe enough to be reused.

• Both of them go directly to the sewage pit • The overflow gray water will be directed to the sewage line, which will be terminated to the sewage pit.

WATER FROM SHOWERS

THIS TANK HAS IN-BUILT PUMP AND FILTER

WATER FROM BATHS

GREY WATER SYSTEM & TANK

WATER FROM LAUNDRY / WASHING MACHINES

EXCESS GREY WATER SHOULD FLOW TO THE SEWAGE PIT

FILTERED GREY WATER IS USED FOR GARDEN WATERING

FILTERED GREY WATER IS USED FOR TOILET FLUSHING

Filter is needed to purify the gray water, so that it can be reasonably safe to be reused. Besides, filter allows water to be stored longer. Without filter, gray water should be used only up to first 24 hours since the time it is stored.

SERVICE PLAN NOTES: HYDRONIC IN-SLAB HEATER • Rather than hydronic in-screed heater, hydronic in-slab heater is selected.

• Although some might argue that in-screed heating system works more effective compared to the in-slab one, in-screed heating system hinders concrete on ground to perform as the passive heating system.

• Since sustainability is one of the client’s concerns, thermal mass as the passive heating system has to be preserved.

• As a solution, hydronic in-slab heater is preferred.

• Hydronic in-slab heater, however, has many advantages: »» While most heaters are not recommended for asthma and allergy suffers, this heating system is likely to benefit them. It is because the heat is transferred to the room through radiation. Water convection is used only to produce heat on the slab. »» As the heat is transferred by radiation, hydronic system provides heat in the same way as the nature does. »» In slab heater maintains humidity in balance due to the fact that it does not blow hot air into the space, which potentially cause unpleasant drought »» It does not produce any noise due to the fact that it is not relied on electric fan cycling »» It is environmentally sustainable because it can be powered by any renewable resources. In this house, solar is the energy source as hot water is generated through evacuated tubes system. »» Although water always flows over the system, hydronic system does not waste much water. It is because the water flows in a closed loop. »» Hydronic in-slab heater is very suitable for the Daryn who frequently crawls and plays on the floor

HYDRONIC PANEL HEATER HYDRONIC SLAB HEATER HOT CLOSED LOOP WATER FOR HYDRONIC HEATING SYSTEMS COLD CLOSED LOOP WATER FOR HYDRONIC HEATING SYSTEMS

HYDRONIC PANEL HEATER • Doing similar thing as hydronic in-slab heater, hydronic panel heater also has closed loop water system • It is preferred to be used in the bedrooms as sleeping zone does not need to be as warm as living zone. However, the baby still needs a heater to keep him warm.

• This heater is also installed in the master bedroom as Rudy’s parents might come frequently. Due to the fact that seniors tend to be less active, they need higher temperature in average. Providing heater in the bedroom is required • The bedroom on the west side of the house is not equipped with heater as it will be used rarely.

• These hydronic panel heaters will be turned on only in special cases when necessary

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HYDRONIC HEATING SYSTEM DETAILS

ZONING IN THE HOUSE

GAS FLUE

OUT IN

OUT

Hot Water System (HWS) is equipped with booster to boost water from the tank to the whole building

IN

OUT

IN

COLD

HOT

CONNECTED TO GAS SYSTEM AS A BACK UP

IN OUT COLD

EVACUATED TUBES HOT

FROM WATER MAINS

WARM ZONE COOL ZONE

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NOT TO SCALE ONLY TO SHOW ZONING

HYDRONIC PANEL HEATING SYSTEM TO BE INSTALLED IN THE BEDROOMS

HYDRONIC IN-SLAB HEATING SYSTEM TO BE INSTALLED IN THE LIVING ROOM

Hydronic in-slab heater is installed in living room and dining room, but not in the kitchen because the activity in the kitchen often involves stove to cook or heat food. Therefore, heat has been produced by the activity itself.

COOLING SYSTEM NOTES: ELECTRIC METER SWITCHBOARD ELECTRIC POLE SINGLE SWITCH DOUBLE SWITCH CEILING FAN PV METER INVERTER TESLA UNIT REVERSE AIR CONDITIONER FROM PV PANELS

Clockwise spin

Counterclockwise spin

FROM ELECTRIC MAINS

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1:100 @A3

REVERSE AIR CONDITIONER • Indeed, air conditioning system is less sustainable than ceiling fan, yet it is the best option considering the clients’ need and the impacts.

• There is only one unit installed on the living room, which will be turned on only in some days with high temperature.

• The only concern of placing reverse air conditioner is the baby, so that when the heat waves come, the family members will sleep together in the living room with the air conditioner turned on • Over the other active cooling

systems, reverse air con is selected because it is: »» Environmentally sustainable. Besides the clients’ concern about sustainability, reverse ceiling fan is selected because it produces less than one fifth of the average emission of cooling systems. »» High COP. In average each kW which is used can produce three or more kW of heating or cooling »» Split system reverse air conditioning system helps to purify the indoor air

: Daikin US7 Split System Air Con : Reverse cycle : 2.5 kW : R32 : 7-star

REVERSE CEILING FAN • Ceiling fan does not necessarily cool the temperature.

• It works based on the principle of air pressure, where in the nature cool air has a low pressure and warm air has a high pressure. Thus, the former tends to flow down, and the latter tends to go up.

• Reverse ceiling fan creates an anticlockwise

PASSIVE COOLING SYSTEM

spin which breezes the room air down, producing the wind effect that might ‘cool’ the space.

• In the winter, the setting can be switched so that it will spin in clockwise direction. The cool air from the lower level is drawn up and eventually forces the warm air at the top to go down, ‘heating’ up the space.

• Ceiling fans are placed on the key areas of the house as the main active cooling system.

• Some reasons of choosing reverse ceiling fans: »» Cheap operational cost. It might save up to 40% for cooling and 15% for heating compared to air conditioning system »» “Cooling” or “heating” the temperature while at the same time circulating the air »» Heating or cooling is generated through the natural effect of wind »» Produce zero emission to the environment

Brachychiton australis (Broad Leaved Bottle Tree) Category : Small tree Height : 5-8 meters Shape : Conical Brachychiton australis is suitable around houses as it has a non-invasive root system. Its small size makes it suitable to be a shading device in the east side. It shades the sun glare in the afternoon but still allows morning sun light to come in. This tree is selected because it suits to the client’s need. Morning sun shine is beneficial for Daryn. Moreover, the fact that it has dense foliage at the top and sparse foliage at the bottom make it capable to block undesirable summer sun and let trough some of desirable winter sun.

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HOUSE

NOT TO SCALE ONLY TO SHOW VEGETATION

Elaeocarpus reticulatus (Blueberry Ash) Category : Small tree Height : 8 meters Shape : Columnar Description Cycle Capacity Refrigerant Energy Rating

ACTIVE COOLING SYSTEM • As shown in the plan, ceiling fan and reverse air conditioner are installed as the active cooling systems in the house.

• Although the temperature in Melbourne is relatively low in average, reverse air conditioner is used as the clients have a baby who needs cooling system in the summer.

• Both of ceiling fan and reverse air conditioner are powered by electricity either from the solar panel or the electricity mains.

Elaeocarpus reticulatus is a native Australia which is regularly used as a shade tree in small or medium size garden. This species is evergreen, which is very suitable to be grown on the west side. In Australia, the sun light from the west is normally undesirable.

It is because in winter, the sun raises very low which makes it glares straightly to the house from the west side. Tree with columnar shape is required to block the sun.

SOUTH OPENING

PERGOLA GARDEN

Vegetations on the east and west are planted mainly to provide sun shades over the day. Specific species have been selected to suit the shading requirements. On the north side, the garden will not have any trees, as they might block the sun light for the PV and evacuated tubes. Instead, low height vegetations will be planted. The garden is expected to produce fresh air which is beneficial for the clients.

900

900

WINDOWS AND DOORS

900

1000

900

1500

ELECTRICITY

500

Windows and doors are manufactured by Windows for life.1300This company is based in Melbourne, Sydney and Canberra, which means that the carbon footprint for transporting products can be minimized. The exterior door is equipped with double glazing materials which can improve 1700 900 1000 its performance. It features an insulated barrier against outside noises, ensuring peace and tranquility for those inside, and increases the way of natural light to penetrate in.

1200

1000 DOORS

0

1500

1220

1300

760

713

3000

Entrance door

900

2100

3000

713

Sliding door to the pergola

Description : Philips LED Bulb (Dimmable) Power consumption : 9 kwh / 1000 h Color : Warm white Height : 110 mm Width : 60 mm For the lights, the brand chosen is Philips. It is because Philips has been used widely for more than half century. Since then it is evident that Philips bulb is durable and more importantly is energy efficient, especially after the invention of LED light bulb. Based on these reasons, not only sustainability, but client’s convenience can be guaranteed.

Description : Fanco DC Ceiling Fan with

LED and remote Screed : 1320 mm Color : White LED light : 24 W

Warm white, dimmable Motor type : DC motor Spin : Reversible Fanco is chosen as it offers ceiling fan with DC motor which is more energy efficient then AC counterparts and LED light which provides high lumen output with low energy wattage. The speed, moreover, is adjustable as it comes with remote control.

WINDOWS

900

1000

900

WATER AND ACTIVE SYSTEMS

1500

Fixed window in bathrooms

Description

Screed Color Motor type Spin

: Mercator DC Ceiling Fan with remote : 1320 mm : White : DC motor : Reversible

Another type of ceiling fans without LED light is supplied by Mercator Ceiling Fans. Similar to the previous one, this ceiling fan comes with remote and DC motor.

500 1300

1700

0

900 1000

900

1000 1500 900 Bottom hung window in toilet

1500

500

1000

00

760

900

Description Capacity

1500

1700 1300

Elicient exhaust fan is equipped with timer system and a sensor which is responsive with humidity.

It is also ductable through 150 mm duct diameter at the rear.

1300

1300

900 713

Description : Elicent E-style Exhaust Fan with Humidity Sensor and Timer Hole (Cutout) : Ø 150 mm Face Size : 220 mm square Color : White Ductable : Yes. Rear ductable (Ø 150 mm

duct)

Sliding 900 window in the living room

3000

: Tesla Powerwall : 14 kwh

Tesla Powerwall is used due to the fact that it enables the client to self-power his home and even go off-grid. It is compact, has no wires on the exterior (safe for children) and weatherproof.

Description Electric System Capacity Length Width

: Apricus Vitreous 30 Evacuated Tube : 315 L : 2560 mm : 2000 mm

Apricus is an Australian brand which specialize its field to the solar hot water heating systems both for residential and commercial properties. Its products are designed especially for Australian conditions, and it has obtained Australian Standards (AS2712:2002). Other than, using locally produced product reduces energy embodiment.

Description Capacity Height Diameter

: Waterplex Poly Round Tank : 20,000 L : 2.5 m : 3.05 m

Instead of steel tank, plastic water tank is considered to be more durable because does not rust in direct contact to water. In this project, Waterplex is selected as it uses UV stabilized polyethylene which is complied with the Australian standard for manufacturing plastic water tanks (AS/NZS 4766 Polyethylene storage tanks for water and chemicals). Another benefit of plastic water tank is it lightness so it is easy to locate.

Description Dimension Concrete cover Pipes

: H2O Heating Hydronic Slab Heater : as required : 50 mm : Ø 16 mm, 200 mm spacing

Hydronic in-slab heating system is supplied by H2O Heating, a European company which has been expanded to Victoria. Hydronic pipes are fixed to a layer of the reinforcing mesh in the concrete slab floor. As a result, they are equally spaced over a certain area. In this instance, living room.

Description Radiator Height Width Thickness

: H2O Heating Hydronic Steel Panel : 500 mm : 1500 mm : 110 mm

H2O Heating also supplies the hydronic panel heater in this house. The dimension allows the heater to be installed under the window, so it can be space efficient.

Description : AGL 5kW Polycristaline Photovoltaic Panel and Inverter Length : 1500 mm Width : 800 mm AGL is selected because its PV can withstand over extreme weather, which is very appropriate to be used in Victoria. Moreover, the inverter’s efficiency is more than 97% and has been approved by Clean Energy Council.

RESILIENCE DESIGN DROUGHT • Statistical data shows that nearly three fourth of Australia territory is classified as semi arid and desert. This fact actually makes Australia to be ranked as the second driest contingent in the world, after Antarctica.

• It is also stated by the Northern Territory Government that the annual rainfall in Australia is unpredictable. For instance, it is noted that in Alice Springs only 30% of years meet the average annual rainfall, while the rests are below the average.

• Therefore, drought is a field which has to be considered when constructing or proposing a design in Australia.

STRATEGIES • Regarding the issue of drought, this house is equipped with rainwater and gray water systems.

• Rainwater system basically collects rain water and then filters it and stores it in a rainwater tank.

• In this house, the filtered rainwater is used to supply most water except the sink in the kitchen.

It is due to the fact that there is a possibility that the clients might use it as a potable water source, which might not be the best drinkable water for their baby.

• Although it is so, an important thing to note is that the filtered rain water is actually drinkable.

Therefore, in the worst case scenario when drought comes, accessing the filtered rainwater to provide potable water can be considered as an alternative.

POWER OUTAGE • In Australia, Victoria is actually the most reliable state in generating power. However, it does not rule out the possibility that sometimes power outages do occur.

• Moreover, the weather in Victoria changes in a blink of eye. Some extreme weather conditions or circumstances that might cause power outages: »» Lightning »» Bushfires »» Heatwaves »» Floods »» High winds »» Contact between trees and powerlines • The risk of power outage is increased when severe summer weather conditions happen.

HEATWAVE • Referring to the geological location, Victoria is in between two extreme territories. It is located in the southern part of Australia contingent, which makes it sits adjacently to dry and barren outback on the north (central Australia), and cold area on the south (Antarctica).

• As a result, Victoria experiences extreme weather. During summer, the wind which blows from the north brings hot air across Victoria, resulting in the high temperature (it might reaches 44oC).

• The severe heatwave not only affects people convenience, but also creates health issues.

STRATEGIES • To anticipate power outage, Tesla battery and photovoltaic system are proposed. The battery is used to store the excess power from photovoltaic system, so that the clients might be able to use the electricity off-grid when it is required.

• During summer or whenever there is a big chance for power outage to happen, it is important to ensure that Tesla battery works and it is charged in the afternoon particularly when the PV panels are transforming the energy of sunlight to the electricity.

• If power outage happened, the electricity usage has to be minimized as there is no certainty of when will the power outages ends. Although Tesla battery has 14 kwh capacity, still, there is a limit in storing the energy.

EXTENSIVE GREEN ROOF • Rather than intensive green roof, extensive green roof is more appropriate to be installed in this house. Both clients who are very busy doing their works and taking care of the baby need green roof which does not require special attentions. Succulents, sedums and mosses will be the major plants in extensive green roof; hardy plants which do not need much treatment • Extensive green roof has minimal weight of 7-23 kg/m2, while intensive green roof has 70 kg/m2 in average • Special irrigation system is not needed because the minimum depth of soil is only 3 inches ADVANTAGES OF GREEN ROOF • Increase the value of the property • Provide mitigation of storm water runoff, particularly in the urban area where permeable surface becomes rare • Increase the urban biodiversity • Freshen the surrounding air and produce a cool ambient; enhancing human health and wellbeing • Reduce energy usage by 22% and increase water runoff by 17% DISADVANTAGES OF GREEN ROOF • The limitation in vegetation variations, especially extensive green roof (Correa cultivars, Escallonia cultivars, Ficus species) • High cost installation and maintenance • Any leakages might cause in structural failure of the building

VEGETATION LAYER GROWING SUBSTRATE FILTER SHEET DRAINAGE LAYER PROTECTION MAT

ROOT BARRIER WATER PROOFING ROOF DECK

CONCLUSION • The design of the house has incorporated most of the resilience solutions. Both of passive and active strategies have been suggested to cope with some major issues, including drought, power outage and heatwave.

• However, there is an option of installing green roof to enhance the performance. Although it is very beneficial, most of the advantages have been covered by the proposed strategies. Very high additional cost (around $400/m2) does not match the benefits we get after installing all of the suggested systems.

STRATEGIES • Every window in the house is double glazed and has argon fill to reduce heat transform either through conduction or convection • Thermacell cellular blinds are installed on all windows, except windows in baths, toilets and ensuite. These blinds allow the clients to adjust the amount of sun light to penetrate in, and at the same time provide additional insulation to the window.

• Eaves are installed along the roof perimeter to provide sun shading system.

• Additional pergola on the north is also proposed to block the undesirable summer sun. The pergola faces towards a garden to enhance the quality of air circulation when the door to the pergola is opened.

• There are some cross opening windows to circulate and purify the air • Straw bale with out standing insulating performance (R5) is selected as the wall material, reducing the heat transfer; keeping the house cool in summer • Reversible ceiling fans and air conditioner are installed in some key areas to help maintaining the temperature not too hot in summer

Project Information Mode ProjectRATE Information FIRST REPORT

Walls Walls

Climate Mode Site Exposure Climate Provisional Diagnostic Information Client Name Site Exposure FirstRate® Provisional Diagnostic Information RatedClient Address Name Accredited Rater Project RatedInformation Address Mode New Home DateAccredited Rater Climate

Pergola

Energy Usage EnergyMode Usage

unconditioned

Walls Type

suburban

Floors Floors

Insulation

Straw Bale 450mm Finished

0.0

Brick Veneer

0.0

RUDY

Rated Address

DINGO STREET POINT COOK

Num Reflective Airgaps

0

Accredited Rater

NESIA CAHYONO

238.8

Type 57.5

0

Insulation

Energy (MJ/m2)CSOG: Slab on Ground

4.0

CSOG: Slab on Ground

4.0

2 ) Slab on Ground Energy (MJ/mCSOG:

20 AUGUST 2017

Ventilation

Type

Energy MJ/m²

encl

3.4

Bedroom 2

56.8

610.1

5.3

56.5

10.7

Zone Zone Bedroom 3

Conditioning Type

Conditioned

bedroom

Heating Area (m ) bedroom 2 ) Heating Area (m 13.9 bedroom (MJ/m2) (MJ/m2) 4.6 nightTime

Ensuite Kitchen/Dining Kitchen/Dining Laundry 3.4 LivingWC 2.1 Living Bath 1 5.3 Bedroom Bedroom 1 Kitchen/Living 39.4 Bedroom 2 Bedroom 2 Corridor 16.1 Bedroom 3 Pergola 17.5 P l 17 5 Bedroom 3 WC WC Walls Laundry Laundry Type Straw Bale 450mm Finished Ensuite Ensuite Brick Veneer Bathroom Bathroom Hallway Floors Hallway

Windows Windows U-Value

Y

Total Heating Total Y (MJ)Heating (MJ) Y Y

0.53

9.99

PVC-006-02 W uPVC B DG Argon Fill Tint-Clear

2.50

0.28

7.70

Window Directions Window DirectionDirections Area (m )

W

6.2

E

4.2

Cooling N Cooling (MJ/m2)2 (MJ/m )

Total Cooling Total Cooling (MJ) (MJ)

S

Direction Area (m ) Direction E E 2 2

3.6

Direction N N

3.7

N N

Generic Vent

-

kitchen

Y

Unflued Gas Heater

-

dayTime

Y

Exhaust Fan

5

0

unconditioned diti d

N

Downlight

0

0

Item

Num Reflective Airgaps

Area (m2) Area (m2)

0

238.8

0

57.5

Ventilation encl

109.0

CSOG: Slab on Ground

4.0

encl

10.7

CSOG: on Ground 3.5 encl 3.4 Building Name:__________________________________ Environmental Building Systems ABPL20036 Name:__________________________________ Environmental Systems ABPL20036 ENVIRONMENTAL BUILDING SYSTEMS - ABPL20036 NAME Slab

: NESIA CAHYONO ASSIGNMENT STUDENT NUMBER : 813807 Student Number:__________________________ Assignment - Template Student Number:__________________________ Assignment 11 -1Template Roofs/Ceilings

Area (m²) 105.5

Sealed

Roof/Ceiling Roof/Ceiling

Unsealed

0 0

Type Type

Insulation Insulation

Area (m2) Area (m2)

8.2 Final StarRATING Rating:___________ FINAL FinalSTAR Rating:___________

Area (m²)

4.0

Insulation

2 2 Area (m ) Direction Area (m ) Direction Area2 (m2) 2 2 Area (m ) Direction Area (m ) Direction Area (m ) S W S W

Area (m²)

0.0

4.0

SHGC SHGC

Air leakage

CSOG: Slab on Ground

Disc:Attic-Discontinuous

U-value U-value

Area (m²)

unconditioned

Type

Type Type

2.60

unconditioned

Insulation

39.1

Area (m²)

PVC-006-01 W uPVC B DG Argon Fill Clear-Clear

N

0.0

Type

SHGC

unconditioned

Insulation

393.3 3.9 39.3 Insulation Area (m2) Provisional Diagnostic Information 28-08-2017 04:35:41 Ver:5.2.6 (3.13) Engine Ver:3.13 Accredited Rater:NESIA CAHYONO Assessor's Accreditation Number:813807 Insulation Area (m2) Bedroom 1

Area (m²)

Direction

Bedroom 2

Type Type

Window Directions

Zones

2

580.9 71.6

7.2

10.1

14.7 5.2

Cooling

Bedroom 1

1697.7 367.7

17.5

Area (m²)

Kitchen/Living 43.1 26.5

0.0

Zone

Area (m2)

0.8

Bedroom 3

Disc:Attic-Discontinuous

Zones Zones

Ventilation 0.2

10.7

41.0

0.0

379.5

encl

Heating

28.3

Ensuite

Heating (MJ/m2) Total Heating (MJ) Cooling (MJ/m2) Total Cooling (MJ)

Insulation 82.1

46.9

105.5

94.8

Zone

Area (m2)

2.9

Insulation

Type

Ventilation

1410.0

4.0

Size (m²)

Insulation

87.7

Disc:Attic-Discontinuous

Size Windows (m2) Size (m2)

1

Corridor

48.2

Area Area (NCFA) Net Conditioned Floor Area Area Net Conditioned Floor Net Conditioned Floor Area (NCFA) Unconditioned Room Area Area (NCFA) Unconditioned RoomRoom Area Area Unconditioned Garage Area Garage Area Garage Area

0

-

109.0

Total

Areas

0

Heater Flue

encl

Roof/Ceiling Roof/Ceiling

3.5

Chimney

Zone Energy Loads

Area (m²)

Roofs/Ceilings

Areas Areas

Area (m²)

Type Type

Area (m2)

Insulation

N

Floors

Client Name

Total Date Mode Reference Heating Total Heating Cooling Energy Usage Type Cooling

17.5

Area (m2)

Insulation

Type

21 Melbourne RO

Date Site Exposure

Type

Tutor’s TUTOR Name : Name NAYAN Tutor’s

Date: Feb 2017 DATE : 2821 AUGUST 21 Feb2017 2017

Scale: Not Applicable Scale: Not Applicable SCALE : NOT APPLICABLE

10.10.

First Rate Energy Assessment N First Rate Energy Assessment RATE ENERGY ASSESSMENT N N FIRST

REFERENCES https://lumera.com.au/shop/e-style-exhaust-fan-humidity-sensor-timer-150mm/, accessed on 15 August 2017 https://lumera.com.au/shop/fanco-urban-2-dc-ceiling-fan-led-light-remote-52-white/, accessed on 15 August 2017 https://lumera.com.au/shop/mercator-city-dc-ceiling-fan-with-remote-52-white/, accessed on 15 August 2017 http://waterplex.com.au/product/water-tanks/poly-tanks/poly-round/, accessed on 17 August 2017 http://www.alicespringsdesertpark.com.au/kids/desert/, accessed on 24 August 2017 http://www.bestsolarhotwater.com.au/product/apricus-315l-vitreous-30-evacuated-tube-electric-system-2/#tab-detail-desc, accessed on 17 August 2017 https://www.ewfblinds.com.au/energy-savings, accessed on 15 August 2017 http://www.h2oheating.com.au/hydronic-heating/underfloor-heating-information/, accessed on 18 August 2017 http://www.h2oheating.com.au/hydronic-heating/radiator-panel-information/, accessed on 18 August 2017 https://www.philips.com.au/c-p/8718696579190/led-bulb-dimmable/, accessed on 17 August 2017 https://www.tesla.com/en_AU/powerwall, accessed on 17 August 2017 https://www.venetablinds.com.au/premium-paint-from-82-incl-valance/1991-silk-white.html?gclid=EAIaIQobChMI8PDGo_r31QIVmwQqCh33NQc5EAkYCSABEgLyXPD_BwE, accessed 26 August 2017 http://www.vic.gov.au/news/your-guide-to-power-outages.html, accessed on 22 August 2017 http://www.windows4life.com.au/windows-fixed.html, accessed on 15 August 2017