History of Architecture 2 A R 2 3 2 Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport College of Engineering & Technology Architectural Engineering and Environmental Design Department
H i s t o r y o f A r c h i t e c t u r e II Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed Arch. Mai Ghazi – Arch. Fiona Naaoum
L e c t u r e 1
HISTORY of ARCHITECTURE INTRODUCTION
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
HISTORY of ARCHITECTURE INTRODUCTION
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
HISTORY of ARCHITECTURE INTRODUCTION NEED FOR LEARNING HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
We need to learn History so that we can project thoughts in the future.
The study of History would help the architect of tomorrow to foresee the future in wider sense.
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
HISTORY of ARCHITECTURE INTRODUCTION NEED FOR LEARNING HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
Petronas Twin Towers History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
HISTORY of ARCHITECTURE INTRODUCTION NEED FOR LEARNING HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
HISTORY of ARCHITECTURE INTRODUCTION
ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER
الطابع المعماري
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
HISTORY of ARCHITECTURE INTRODUCTION Architecture as a product of Culture, History, Science, Technology, Economics, Society, Religion, and State
A R C H I T E C T U R E History of
INFLUENCES Natural influences
Geographical Geological Climate
Manmade influences
Religion Social and Political Historical
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
CHRISTIAN ARCHITECTURE (324 - 1500 A.D.)
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
CHRISTIAN ARCHITECTURE(324 – 1500 A.D.) المراحل الزمنية للعمارة المسيحية Early Christian Architecture
Byzantine Architecture
Gothic Architecture
Romanesque Architecture
Early Christian Architecture 324 - 600
العمارة المسيحية المبكرة عمارة مسيحية غربية
Byzantine Architecture 324 - 900
عمارة مسيحية شرقية- العمارة البيزنطية Romanesque Architecture 900 -1150
عمارة الرومانيسك عمارة مسيحية غربية Gothic Architecture 1000 - 1500
عمارة مسيحية غربية0 العمارة القوطية
324
600
900
1000
1150
1500
Christian Architecture Time line History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
EARLY CHRISTIAN ARCHITECTURE
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
E A R LY C H R I S T I A N A R C H I T E C T U R E INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES Geographical
The position of Rome as the centre of a world-wide empire was an important
factor “All road lead to Rome” and Christianity, to become universal, had to Geological
grow up at the capital, however eastern its birthplace.
Climate Religion
Social and Political Historical
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
E A R LY C H R I S T I A N A R C H I T E C T U R E INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES Geographical
The position of Rome as the centre of a world-wide empire was an important
factor “All road lead to Rome” and Christianity, to become universal, had to Geological
grow up at the capital, however eastern its birthplace.
Climate Religion
Social and Political Historical
القديس بطرس والقديس بولس حمال الرسالة إلى روما
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
E A R LY C H R I S T I A N A R C H I T E C T U R E INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES Geographical
The quarry of the ruins of Roman buildings influenced the architectural treatment of the style, both in regard to construction and decoration, as
Geological Climate
columns and other architectural features and marbles from the older buildings were worked into the design of the new basilican churches of the Christians.
Religion
Social and Political Historical
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
E A R LY C H R I S T I A N A R C H I T E C T U R E INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES Geographical Geological
Climate
Religion
History presents no phenomenon so striking as the rise of Christianity, which spread so rapidly that in a very short period it was diffused throughout the whole civilized world. In A.D. 313 Constantine issued his celebrated decree from Milan, according to Christianity equal rights with all other religions, and in 324 A.D. he himself professed Christianity, which then became the established religion of the Roman Empire. The Christians, who up to that period were an unpopular and had worshipped in the Catacombs, were now able to hold their services openly and freely.
Social and Political Historical
Constantine (324-337) The First Christian Emperor History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
E A R LY C H R I S T I A N A R C H I T E C T U R E INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES Geographical
On changing the capital of the empire from Rome to Byzantium in A.D. 324 Constantine practically reigned as an absolute monarch till death in A.D. 337,
Geological
the old Roman political system coming to an end.
Climate The division of the Roman Empire first took place in A.D. 364, Valentine Religion
being Emperor of the West and his brother Valens of the East.
Social and Political Historical
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
E A R LY C H R I S T I A N A R C H I T E C T U R E INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES Geographical The Early Christian period is generally taken as lasting from Constantine to Geological
Gregory the Great, or from A.D. 300 to 604.
Climate Religion Social and Political
Historical
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
E A R LY C H R I S T I A N A R C H I T E C T U R E INTRODUCTION- Architectural Character
The Early Christians adopted the basilican model for their churches, but in addition the halls, Bathes, dwelling-
houses, and even the pagan temples were used for places of worship.
Basilica of Trajan History of
Temple of Pantheon, Rome
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
E A R LY C H R I S T I A N A R C H I T E C T U R E INTRODUCTION- Architectural Character Basilica Church structure consisted of a long rectangular hall with four colonnades (rows of columns) dividing the church into five parts, or two colonnades dividing the interior
of the church into three parts: the main, in the center, known as the nave, and side aisles flanking it.
Atrium Narthex Aisle Nave Bema Apse Portico
Main Parts of the Basilican Church History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
E A R LY C H R I S T I A N A R C H I T E C T U R E INTRODUCTION- Architectural Character Basilica Church structure consisted of a long rectangular hall with four colonnades (rows of columns) dividing the church into five parts, or two colonnades dividing the interior of the church into three parts: the main, in the center, known as the nave, and side aisles flanking it. The nave is taller and wider than the side aisles.
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
E A R LY C H R I S T I A N A R C H I T E C T U R E INTRODUCTION- Architectural Character The horizontal orientation of the church ending with triumphal arch and apse, kept the hierarchical character of the Roman basilica buildings, by separating between the believers found in the nave and those in the apse, where believers of the top of the religious hierarchy were found. In the apse of the ancient Roman basilica trials were held, and during early Christianity in the apse were conducted religious ceremonies, including the coronation of the bishop.
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
E A R LY C H R I S T I A N A R C H I T E C T U R E INTRODUCTION- Architectural Character
In front of a typical basilica church in early Christianity there was an atrium, an open courtyard, usually square, which was surrounded by colonnade. The atrium was usually located to the west of the entrance
of the basilica church and its center, there was a well of purity, from which the holy water basin developed later.
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
E A R LY C H R I S T I A N A R C H I T E C T U R E INTRODUCTION- Architectural Character
 Most of the atriums and their colonnades of churches from this period, have not survived. As time passed, this part disappeared from the plan of the church, but later reappeared during the Romanesque, in the form of the cloister, the courtyard surrounded by columns in the monasteries.
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
Thank you for your Attention History of architecture II
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi