History of Architecture 1 A R 2 3 1 Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport College of Engineering & Technology Architectural Engineering and Environmental Design Department
Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed Arch. Dina Abdel Rahman
L e c t u r e 7
History of Architecture I
ROMAN ARCHITECTURE
History of
Architecture 1 - AR 231 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed
ROMAN ARCHITECTURE
History of
الحضارة الرومانية القديمة
Architecture 1 - AR 231 – Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed
ROMAN ARCHITECTURE INFLUENCES
الحضارة الرومانية القديمة العوامل التي ساعدت على تكوين الحضارة والفن في تلك المنطقة
Architecture as a product of Culture, History, Science, Technology, Economics, Society, Religion, and State
A R C H I T E C T U R E History of
INFLUENCES Natural influences
Geographical Geological Climate
Manmade influences
Religion Social and Political Historical
Architecture 1 - AR 231 – Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed
ROMAN ARCHITECTURE INFLUENCES
الحضارة الرومانية القديمة العوامل التي ساعدت على تكوين الحضارة والفن في تلك المنطقة
Geographical Geological Climate Religion Historical
ROMAN ARCHITECTURE INFLUENCES
الحضارة الرومانية القديمة العوامل التي ساعدت على تكوين الحضارة والفن في تلك المنطقة
Geographical
Geological Climate Religion Historical
Sand Soil, Italy
ROMAN ARCHITECTURE
الحضارة الرومانية القديمة
Colossuses
History of
Architecture 1 - AR 231 – Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed
ROMAN ARCHITECTURE INFLUENCES
الحضارة الرومانية القديمة العوامل التي ساعدت على تكوين الحضارة والفن في تلك المنطقة
Geographical
Geological Climate Religion Historical
ROMAN ARCHITECTURE INFLUENCES
الحضارة الرومانية القديمة العوامل التي ساعدت على تكوين الحضارة والفن في تلك المنطقة
Geographical Geological
Climate Religion Historical
ROMAN ARCHITECTURE INFLUENCES
الحضارة الرومانية القديمة العوامل التي ساعدت على تكوين الحضارة والفن في تلك المنطقة
Geographical Geological Climate
Religion Historical
ROMAN ARCHITECTURE INFLUENCES
الحضارة الرومانية القديمة العوامل التي ساعدت على تكوين الحضارة والفن في تلك المنطقة
Geographical Geological Climate Religion
Social and Political Historical
الحضارة الرومانية القديمة
ROMAN ARCHITECTURE INFLUENCES
العوامل التي ساعدت على تكوين الحضارة والفن في تلك المنطقة
Geographical
أسطورة نشأة روما.
• وفقا إلحدى األساطير ،تأسست روما عام 753قبل الميالد على يد أخوين توأم
Geological Climate Religion Social and Political
Historical
روموس وريمولوس
Hannibal Barca
ROMAN ARCHITECTURE INFLUENCES
الحضارة الرومانية القديمة العوامل التي ساعدت على تكوين الحضارة والفن في تلك المنطقة
Geographical Geological Climate Religion Social and Political
Historical
ROMAN ARCHITECTURE Roman Orders
الحضارة الرومانية القديمة
The Roman Orders
الحضارة الرومانية القديمة
ROMAN ARCHITECTURE Roman Orders
ظهر في هذا العهد طرازان جديدان هما :
- 1الطراز التو سكاني Tuscanإنتسابا الى منطفة توسكانيا اإليطالية وهو طراز دوري روماني دون زخارف.
الحضارة الرومانية القديمة
ROMAN ARCHITECTURE Roman Orders
- 2الطراز المركب Compositeنموذج طوره الرومان في حقبة متأخرة ،ويتألف تاجه في نصفه العلوي من الزخرفة األيونية ،و نصفه السفلي من الكورنثية .
Marcus Vitruvius Pollio (born c. 80–70 BC, died after c. 15 BC), commonly known as Vitruvius, was a Roman author, architect, and civil engineer during the 1st century BC, known for his multi-volume work entitled De Architectura. Vitruvius is famous for asserting in his book De architectura that a structure must exhibit the three qualities of firmitas, utilitas, venustas – that is, it must be solid, useful, beautiful.
Vitruvius
When perfecting this art of building, the Greeks invented the architectural orders: Doric, Ionic and Corinthian. It gave them a sense of proportion, culminating in understanding the proportions of the greatest work of art: the human body. This led Vitruvius in defining his Vitruvia Man, as drawn later by Leonardo da Vinci: the human body inscribed in the circle and the square (the fundamental geometric patterns of the cosmic order).
Vitruvius
ROMAN ARCHITECTURE
الحضارة الرومانية القديمة
ETRUSCAN ARCHITECTURE
ETRUSCAN ARCHITECTURE The origins of Roman architecture can be traced to the Etruscans, who migrated from Asia Minor to Italy in the 12th cent. B.C. Their Roman name is the origin of the terms Tuscany.
Etruscan civilization map
ROMAN ARCHITECTURE
الحضارة الرومانية القديمة
ETRUSCAN ARCHITECTURE Religious Architecture – Temple
Mycenaean(Greece)
Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus Description Location
Ancient Rome
Timeline
509 B.C.
Brief Note
History of
Was the most important Etruscan example.
It was nearly square on plan, with widely spaced columns and wooden architraves.
Architecture 1 - AR 231 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed
ROMAN ARCHITECTURE
الحضارة الرومانية القديمة
ETRUSCAN ARCHITECTURE Religious Architecture – Temple
Mycenaean(Greece)
Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus Description Location
Ancient Rome
Timeline
509 B.C.
Brief Note
History of
Was the most important Etruscan example.
Its cella was divided into three chambers containing statues of Jupiter, Minerva and Juno.
Architecture 1 - AR 231 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed
ROMAN ARCHITECTURE
الحضارة الرومانية القديمة
ETRUSCAN ARCHITECTURE
Mycenaean(Greece)
Civil Architecture
Arch’s, Cloaca Maxima Description
The great drain of Rome constructed to drain the valleys of Rome.
Location
Ancient Rome
Timeline
578 B.C.
Brief Note
it is probable that the oldest arch in Europe is that of this sewer. Has semicircular arch of 11 feet span, in three rings of voussoirs.
Arch of Cloaca Maxima History of
Architecture 1 - AR 231 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed
ROMAN ARCHITECTURE
الحضارة الرومانية القديمة
ROMAN ARCHITECTURE
REPUBLICAN & IMPERIAL PERIODS
ROMAN ARCHITECTURE
الحضارة الرومانية القديمة
REPUBLICAN & IMPERIAL PERIODS Religious Architecture – Temple
Mycenaean(Greece)
The Temple of Fortuna Virilis Description
A typical Roman temple plan.
Location
Ancient Rome
Timeline
100 B.C.
Brief
Ionic. Pseudo –peripetral tetrastyla. Now the church of S. Maria Egiziaca.
Note
History of
Architecture 1 - AR 231 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed
ROMAN ARCHITECTURE
الحضارة الرومانية القديمة
REPUBLICAN & IMPERIAL PERIODS Religious Architecture – Temple
Mycenaean(Greece)
The Temple of Antoninus and Faustina, Rome Description
Corinthian. peripetral prostyle-hexastyle..
Location
Ancient Rome
Timeline
141 B.C.
Brief
Now the church of S. Lorenzo.
Note
History of
Architecture 1 - AR 231 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed
History of architecture I Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed