Lecture 8

Page 1

History of Architecture 2 A R 2 3 2 Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport College of Engineering & Technology Architectural Engineering and Environmental Design Department

H i s t o r y o f A r c h i t e c t u r e II Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed Arch. Mai Ghazi – Arch. Fiona Naaoum

L e c t u r e

8


GERMAN ROMANESQUE

History of

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi


GERMAN

ROMANESQUE

INTRODUCTION Architecture as a product of Culture, History, Science, Technology, Economics, Society, Religion, and State

A R C H I T E C T U R E History of

INFLUENCES Natural influences

Geographical

Geological Climate

Manmade influences

Religion Social and Political Historical

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi


GERMAN

ROMANESQUE

INTRODUCTION

History of

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi


GERMAN

ROMANESQUE

AB RY ZC AH NI TTEI NC TE U RS AT LY LCEH –A RAArCcThEi tRe c t u r a l C h a r a c t e r

‫الطراز البيزنطي‬

Plans The plans of the churches are peculiar in having western and

eastern apses, and no great western entrance. Towers

The naves and aisles are vaulted in square bays, one vaulting bay of the nave being equal to two of the aisles.

History of

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi


GERMAN

ROMANESQUE

AB RY ZC AH NI TTEI NC TE U RS AT LY LCEH –A RAArCcThEi tRe c t u r a l C h a r a c t e r

‫الطراز البيزنطي‬

Plans Numerous towers, either square, circular, or polygonal,

producing a rich and varied outline, were employed, two Towers being usually at the east and flanking the aps, and two at the west end, connected by a gallery. The towers rise in successive stories, and a characteristic finish consists of four gables and a steep roof. Note

History of

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi


GERMAN

ROMANESQUE

AB RY ZC AH NI TTEI NC TE U RS AT LY LCEH –A RAArCcThEi tRe c t u r a l C h a r a c t e r

History of

‫الطراز البيزنطي‬

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi


GERMAN

ROMANESQUE

EB XY AZ M A NP TL IENSE S T Y L E – A r c h i t e c t u r a l C h a r a c t e r

‫الطراز البيزنطي‬

Church of the Apostles Description Location Timeline Brief

Is one of a series in Cologne City Cologne A.D. 1220- 1250

In plan it consists of a broad nave, and of aisles half the width of the nave.

‫يتكون المسقط األفقي من صحن‬ Note ‫متسع وممرات جانبية تتسع لنصف‬ .‫عرض الصحن‬

History of

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi


GERMAN

ROMANESQUE

EB XY AZ M A NP TL IENSE S T Y L E – A r c h i t e c t u r a l C h a r a c t e r

‫الطراز البيزنطي‬

Church of the Apostles Description Location Timeline

Is one of a series in Cologne City Cologne A.D. 1220- 1250

The eastern portion has three apses, opening from three sides of the central space, crowned by a low octagonal tower, giving richness and ‫يتكون الجزء الشرقي من ثالث حنيات‬ Note importance to this portion of the church. ‫وبالتالي الفتحات من ثالث جوانب من‬ Brief

‫الحيز المركزي المغطىى ببرج مثمن‬ ‫منخفض أضفى تميز وثراء لهذا‬ .‫الجزء من الكنيسة‬

History of

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi


GERMAN

ROMANESQUE

EB XY AZ M A NP TL IENSE S T Y L E – A r c h i t e c t u r a l C h a r a c t e r

‫الطراز البيزنطي‬

Church of the Apostles Description Location Timeline

Is one of a series in Cologne City Cologne A.D. 1220- 1250

The eastern portion has three apses, opening from three sides of the central space, crowned by a low octagonal tower, giving richness and ‫يتكون الجزء الشرقي من ثالث حنيات‬ Note importance to this portion of the church. ‫وبالتالي الفتحات من ثالث جوانب من‬ Brief

‫الحيز المركزي المغطىى ببرج مثمن‬ ‫منخفض أضفى تميز وثراء لهذا‬ .‫الجزء من الكنيسة‬

History of

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi


GERMAN

ROMANESQUE

EB XY AZ M A NP TL IENSE S T Y L E – A r c h i t e c t u r a l C h a r a c t e r

‫الطراز البيزنطي‬

Church of the Apostles The grouping externally is effective, the face of the wall being divided up by arcading, and crowned with the characteristic row of small arches under the eaves of the

roof. ‫وكتلة المبنى من الخارج فعالة حيث قسمت الواجهة باستخدام البوائك‬ .‫وتوجت بصفوف من البوائك والعقود الصغيرة أسفل بروز السقف‬

History of

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi


GERMAN

ROMANESQUE

EB XY AZ M A NP TL IENSE S T Y L E – A r c h i t e c t u r a l C h a r a c t e r

‫الطراز البيزنطي‬

Worms Cathedral Description Location Timeline Brief

It was the seat of the Catholic Prince-Bishopric of Worms Worms - southern Germany A.D. 1110 - 1200 An Example with eastern & western aps both being flanked by stair towers.

‫يحتوي على حنية شرقية وحنية‬Note ‫مثال‬ ‫غربية كال منهما محاط بساللم داخل‬ .‫أبراج‬

History of

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi


GERMAN

ROMANESQUE

EB XY AZ M A NP TL IENSE S T Y L E – A r c h i t e c t u r a l C h a r a c t e r

‫الطراز البيزنطي‬

Worms Cathedral Description Location Timeline Brief

It was the seat of the Catholic Prince-Bishopric of Worms Worms - southern Germany A.D. 1110 - 1200 It is a basilica with four round towers, two large domes, and a choir at each end. The interior is built in red sandstone.

‫ أبراج واثنتين من‬4 ‫البازيليكا لها‬ Note ‫القباب الكبيرة وحنية في كل نهاية‬ ‫والحيز الداخلي مبني من الحجر‬ .‫الرملي األحمر‬

History of

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi


GERMAN

ROMANESQUE

EB XY AZ M A NP TL IENSE S T Y L E – A r c h i t e c t u r a l C h a r a c t e r

‫الطراز البيزنطي‬

Worms Cathedral Description Location Timeline Brief

It was the seat of the Catholic Prince-Bishopric of Worms Worms - southern Germany A.D. 1110 - 1200 It is a basilica with four round towers, two large domes, and a choir at each end. It is built in red sandstone.

‫ أبراج واثنتين من‬4 ‫البازيليكا لها‬ Note ‫القباب الكبيرة وحنية في كل نهاية‬ .‫ومبنية من الحجر الرملي األحمر‬

History of

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi


GERMAN

ROMANESQUE

EB XY AZ M A NP TL IENSE S T Y L E – A r c h i t e c t u r a l C h a r a c t e r

‫الطراز البيزنطي‬

Worms Cathedral Description Location Timeline Brief

It was the seat of the Catholic Prince-Bishopric of Worms Worms - southern Germany A.D. 1110 - 1200 The entrances were placed at the side, a position which found favour in Germany as well in England.

‫مداخل البازيليكا موجودة على‬ Note ‫الجانبين وهي الميزة الموجودة في‬ .‫ألمانيا وانجلترا‬

History of

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi


GERMAN

ROMANESQUE

EB XY AZ M A NP TL IENSE S T Y L E – A r c h i t e c t u r a l C h a r a c t e r

‫الطراز البيزنطي‬

Worms Cathedral Description Location Timeline

It was the seat of the Catholic Prince-Bishopric of Worms Worms - southern Germany A.D. 1110 - 1200

The Facades have Brief semicircular headed windows, framed in withNote flat pilaster strips as buttresses.

History of

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi


GERMAN

ROMANESQUE

EB XY AZ M A NP TL IENSE S T Y L E – A r c h i t e c t u r a l C h a r a c t e r

‫الطراز البيزنطي‬

Worms Cathedral Description Location Timeline

It was the seat of the Catholic Prince-Bishopric of Worms Worms - southern Germany A.D. 1110 - 1200

The Facades have Brief semicircular headed windows, framed in withNote flat pilaster strips as buttresses.

History of

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi


GERMAN

ROMANESQUE

EB XY AZ M A NP TL IENSE S T Y L E – A r c h i t e c t u r a l C h a r a c t e r

‫الطراز البيزنطي‬

Worms Cathedral

History of

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi


GERMAN

ROMANESQUE

EB XY AZ M A NP TL IENSE S T Y L E – A r c h i t e c t u r a l C h a r a c t e r

‫الطراز البيزنطي‬

Worms Cathedral

History of

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi


GERMAN

ROMANESQUE

EB XY AZ M A NP TL IENSE S T Y L E – A r c h i t e c t u r a l C h a r a c t e r

‫الطراز البيزنطي‬

Worms Cathedral

http://wn.com/worms_cathedral

History of

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi


GERMAN

ROMANESQUE

EB XY AZ M A NP TL IENSE S T Y L E – A r c h i t e c t u r a l C h a r a c t e r

‫الطراز البيزنطي‬

St. Gall Monastery Description Location Timeline Brief

‫يتتألف من كنيسة ذات حنية مزدوجة‬ Note ‫ مكان‬،‫ غرفة المائدة‬،‫والدير والسكن‬ ‫ دار‬،‫ مخازن للغالل‬،‫ مقبرة‬،‫النوم‬ ‫ وصوب‬،‫ مستوصف‬،‫للضيافة‬

An interesting and typical example of a Benedictine Monastery of the period. St. Gallen - Germany A.D. 820 Consisted of a double- apse church and cloister, abbot’s lodging, School, refectory,, dormitory,, cemetery, granaries, and back guest-house, dispensary, infirmary, orchard houses.

.‫للزراعة‬

History of

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi


GERMAN

ROMANESQUE

EB XY AZ M A NP TL IENSE S T Y L E – A r c h i t e c t u r a l C h a r a c t e r

‫الطراز البيزنطي‬

St. Gall Monastery Description Location Timeline Brief

‫يتتألف من كنيسة ذات حنية مزدوجة‬ Note ‫ مكان‬،‫ غرفة المائدة‬،‫والدير والسكن‬ ‫ دار‬،‫ مخازن للغالل‬،‫ مقبرة‬،‫النوم‬ ‫ وصوب‬،‫ مستوصف‬،‫للضيافة‬

An interesting and typical example of a Benedictine Monastery of the period. St. Gallen - Germany A.D. 820 Consisted of a double- apse church and cloister, abbot’s lodging, School, refectory,, dormitory,, cemetery, granaries, and back guest-house, dispensary, infirmary, orchard houses.

.‫للزراعة‬

History of

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi


GERMAN

ROMANESQUE

EB XY AZ M A NP TL IENSE S T Y L E – A r c h i t e c t u r a l C h a r a c t e r

‫الطراز البيزنطي‬

St. Gall Monastery Description Location Timeline

An interesting and typical example of a Benedictine Monastery of the period. St. Gallen - Switzerland A.D. 820

Brief Its library is one of the richest and oldest in the world and ‫ تحوي مكتبة الدير التي تعتبر من األغنى‬contains precious manuscripts Note such as the earliest-known ‫ واألقدم في العالم مخطوطات ثمينة اهمها‬architectural plan drawn on ‫ أقدم رسم هندسي على الورق عرفته‬parchment. The cathedral and the library are the main ‫ وقد أعيد بناء هذا الدير بالطراز‬.‫ البشرية‬features of this remarkable ً ‫ علما‬،1768 ‫ الى‬1755 ‫ الباروكي من عام‬architectural complex. ‫ان الكاتدرائية والمكتبة هما العنصران‬

.‫الرئيسان في هذا المج ّمع الهندسي الرائع‬

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=w4B1A892P5o http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/268

St Gall Abbey Cathedral History of

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi


GERMAN

ROMANESQUE

EB XY AZ M A NP TL IENSE S T Y L E – A r c h i t e c t u r a l C h a r a c t e r

‫الطراز البيزنطي‬

St. Gall Monastery Description Location Timeline

An interesting and typical example of a Benedictine Monastery of the period. St. Gallen - Switzerland A.D. 820

Brief Its library is one of the richest and oldest in the world and ‫ تحوي مكتبة الدير التي تعتبر من األغنى‬contains precious manuscripts Note such as the earliest-known ‫ واألقدم في العالم مخطوطات ثمينة اهمها‬architectural plan drawn on ‫ أقدم رسم هندسي على الورق عرفته‬parchment. The cathedral and the library are the main ‫ وقد أعيد بناء هذا الدير بالطراز‬.‫ البشرية‬features of this remarkable ً ‫ علما‬،1768 ‫ الى‬1755 ‫ الباروكي من عام‬architectural complex. ‫ان الكاتدرائية والمكتبة هما العنصران‬

.‫الرئيسان في هذا المج ّمع الهندسي الرائع‬

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=w4B1A892P5o http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/268

St Gall Abbey Cathedral History of

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi


GERMAN

ROMANESQUE

EB XY AZ M A NP TL IENSE S T Y L E – A r c h i t e c t u r a l C h a r a c t e r

‫الطراز البيزنطي‬

St. Gall Monastery Description Location Timeline

An interesting and typical example of a Benedictine Monastery of the period. St. Gallen - Switzerland A.D. 820

Brief Its library is one of the richest and oldest in the world and ‫ تحوي مكتبة الدير التي تعتبر من األغنى‬contains precious manuscripts Note such as the earliest-known ‫ واألقدم في العالم مخطوطات ثمينة اهمها‬architectural plan drawn on ‫ أقدم رسم هندسي على الورق عرفته‬parchment. The cathedral and the library are the main ‫ وقد أعيد بناء هذا الدير بالطراز‬.‫ البشرية‬features of this remarkable ً ‫ علما‬،1768 ‫ الى‬1755 ‫ الباروكي من عام‬architectural complex. ‫ان الكاتدرائية والمكتبة هما العنصران‬

.‫الرئيسان في هذا المج ّمع الهندسي الرائع‬

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=w4B1A892P5o http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/268

St Gall Abbey Cathedral History of

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi


GERMAN

ROMANESQUE

EB XY AZ M A NP TL IENSE S T Y L E – A r c h i t e c t u r a l C h a r a c t e r

‫الطراز البيزنطي‬

St. Gall Monastery Description Location Timeline

An interesting and typical example of a Benedictine Monastery of the period. St. Gallen - Switzerland A.D. 820

Brief ‫تحوي مكتبة الدير التي تعتبر من األغنى‬ Note ‫واألقدم في العالم مخطوطات ثمينة اهمها‬

‫أقدم رسم هندسي على الورق عرفته‬ ‫ وقد أعيد بناء هذا الدير بالطراز‬.‫البشرية‬ ً ‫ علما‬،1768 ‫ الى‬1755 ‫الباروكي من عام‬ ‫ان الكاتدرائية والمكتبة هما العنصران‬

.‫الرئيسان في هذا المج ّمع الهندسي الرائع‬

St Gall Abbey library History of

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi


Thank you for your Attention History of architecture II

History of

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi


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