History of Architecture 2 A R 2 3 2 Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport College of Engineering & Technology Architectural Engineering and Environmental Design Department
H i s t o r y o f A r c h i t e c t u r e II Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed
L e c t u r e
1 0
GOTHIC
ARCCHITECTURE IN EUROPE المراحل الزمنية للعمارة المسيحية
Early Christian Architecture
Byzantine Architecture
Gothic Architecture
Romanesque Architecture
Early Christian Architecture 324 - 600
العمارة المسيحية المبكرة عمارة مسيحية غربية
Byzantine Architecture 324 - 900
عمارة مسيحية شرقية- العمارة البيزنطية Romanesque Architecture 900 -1150
عمارة الرومانيسك عمارة مسيحية غربية Gothic Architecture 1000 - 1500
عمارة مسيحية غربية0 العمارة القوطية
324
600
900
1000
1150
1500
Christian Architecture Time line History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE (1000 – 1500) IN EUROPE
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
GOTHIC
ARCCHITECTURE IN EUROPE
INTRODUCTION Architecture as a product of Culture, History, Science, Technology, Economics, Society, Religion, and State
A R C H I T E C T U R E History of
INFLUENCES Natural influences
Geographical
Geological Climate
Manmade influences
Religion Social and Political Historical
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
GOTHIC
ARCCHITECTURE IN EUROPE
INTRODUCTION
Europe About 1100
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
GOTHIC
ARCCHITECTURE IN EUROPE
INTRODUCTION
Gothic architecture is a style of architecture that flourished during the high and late medieval period. It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture.
Gothic architecture is characterized by use of the pointed arch, rib vault, flying buttresses; large windows which are often grouped, or have tracery; rose windows, towers, spires and pinnacles; and ornate façades.
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
GOTHIC
ARCCHITECTURE IN EUROPE
CHARACTERISTICS of GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE 1. Grand, Tall Designs, Which Swept Upwards With Height and Grandeur
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
GOTHIC
ARCCHITECTURE IN EUROPE
CHARACTERISTICS of GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE 1. Grand, Tall Designs, Which Swept Upwards With Height and Grandeur
This is the famous cathedral of Cologne. It's an amazing example of the Gothic style.
History of
The magnificent gothic exterior of York Minster in the UK.
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
GOTHIC
ARCCHITECTURE IN EUROPE
CHARACTERISTICS of GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE 2. The Flying Buttress
Flat and flying buttresses
➠ Most Romanesque structures had flat buttresses, which were enough to support their shortly elevated walls. Because the Gothic structures were tall, the flying buttresses were introduced to support the walls at higher elevations. History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
GOTHIC
ARCCHITECTURE IN EUROPE
CHARACTERISTICS of GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE 2. The Flying Buttress
"The flying buttress was practical and decorative, too"
These flying buttresses are a feature of gothic architecture. They're part of the St Vitus Cathedral in Prague Castle. History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
GOTHIC
ARCCHITECTURE IN EUROPE
CHARACTERISTICS of GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE 2. The Flying Buttress
History of
"The flying buttress was practical and decorative, too"
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
GOTHIC
ARCCHITECTURE IN EUROPE
CHARACTERISTICS of GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE 3. The Pointed Arch
Round and pointed arches ➠ While the arch of the Romanesque style was round in shape, that of the Gothic style was pointed. History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
GOTHIC
ARCCHITECTURE IN EUROPE
CHARACTERISTICS of GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE 3. The Pointed Arch
The pointed arch effectively distributed the force of heavier ceilings and bulkier designs, and could support much more weight than previous, simple pillars.
The stronger arches allowed for much more
vertical height, too - they literally reached up to the heavens.
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
GOTHIC
ARCCHITECTURE IN EUROPE
CHARACTERISTICS of GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE 4. The Vaulted Ceiling
Barrel and ribbed vaults
➠ The Gothic style implemented ribbed vaults, rather than the Romanesque barrel vaults. History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
GOTHIC
ARCCHITECTURE IN EUROPE
CHARACTERISTICS of GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE 4. The Vaulted Ceiling
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
GOTHIC
ARCCHITECTURE IN EUROPE
CHARACTERISTICS of GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE 4. The Vaulted Ceiling The vaulted ceiling was an innovation which lead on from the achievements of the pointed arch.
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
GOTHIC
ARCCHITECTURE IN EUROPE
CHARACTERISTICS of GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE 4. The Vaulted Ceiling The distribution of force within the vaulted ceiling enabled vaults to be built in different shapes and sizes, too.
The flattened surface of this vault is supported by a multitude of decorative ribs called tierceron vaulting. History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
GOTHIC
ARCCHITECTURE IN EUROPE
CHARACTERISTICS of GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE 4. The Vaulted Ceiling
Cloister, San Juan de los Reyes, Toldedo, Spain, founded 1476. History of
Gothic rib-vault ceiling of the Saint-Séverin church in Paris.
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
GOTHIC
ARCCHITECTURE IN EUROPE
CHARACTERISTICS of GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE 5. The Light and Airy Interior Before gothic architecture, castles and early Medieval buildings were pretty depressing places to live in or worship in. Gothic architecture emphasized light, bright windows and airy interiors, transforming castles and churches into more pleasant and majestic environments.
Stained Glass Windows History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
GOTHIC
ARCCHITECTURE IN EUROPE
CHARACTERISTICS of GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE 5. The Light and Airy Interior Before gothic architecture, castles and early Medieval buildings were pretty depressing places to live in or worship in. Gothic architecture emphasized light, bright windows and airy interiors, transforming castles and churches into more pleasant and majestic environments.
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
GOTHIC
ARCCHITECTURE IN EUROPE
CHARACTERISTICS of GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE 5. The Light and Airy Interior Before gothic architecture, castles and early Medieval buildings were pretty depressing places to live in or worship in. Gothic architecture emphasized light, bright windows and airy interiors, transforming castles and churches into more pleasant and majestic environments.
The interior of the western end of Reims Cathedral History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
GOTHIC
ARCCHITECTURE IN EUROPE
CHARACTERISTICS of GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE 6. The Gargoyles of Gothic Architecture One of the most notable characteristics of gothic architecture is the gargoyle. Gargoyles are decorative, monstrous little creatures, perched at along the roofs and battlements of gothic buildings and castles.
A classic gargoyle - you can see his dual purpose as a decoration and also as a water-spout. History of
The gargoyle is one of the key characteristics of gothic architecture.
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
GOTHIC
ARCCHITECTURE IN EUROPE
CHARACTERISTICS of GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE 7. The Emphasis Upon the Decorative Style and the Ornate Gothic architecture marked the first time that beauty and aesthetic values had been incorporated into building design.
History of
A r c h i t e c t u r e 2 - A R 2 3 2 – A s s . P rThis o f . doorway N e v i n of e Cologne G h a r i Dom b E lexemplifies sayed- A r cornate, h . M gothic a i G hstyle. azi the
GOTHIC
ARCCHITECTURE IN EUROPE
CHARACTERISTICS of GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE 7. The Emphasis Upon the Decorative Style and the Ornate Gothic architecture marked the first time that beauty and aesthetic values had been incorporated into building design.
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
GOTHIC
ARCCHITECTURE IN EUROPE
CHARACTERISTICS of GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE 8. The Plans
➠ On plan, the Gothic structures looked rather simple. They were cross-shaped, with the transept, cutting through the nave and separating out the choir from the same. History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
GOTHIC
ARCCHITECTURE IN EUROPE
CHARACTERISTICS of GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE 8. The Plans
➠ The nave was the main body of the church that was flanked, either on one or on both sides by aisles. History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
GOTHIC
ARCCHITECTURE IN EUROPE
CHARACTERISTICS of GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE 8. The Plans
➠ A semi-circular ambulatory path surrounded the rear end of the choir. ➠ Often, especially in some French churches, the ambulatory path was surrounded by a ring of chapels on the outer side. History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
GOTHIC
ARCCHITECTURE IN EUROPE
CHARACTERISTICS of GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE 8. The Plans
➠ The entrance façade of the church faced the west. Usually the west front was flanked by two high-rising towers on both sides. History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
GOTHIC
ARCCHITECTURE IN EUROPE
CHARACTERISTICS of GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE 9. The Façades
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
FRENCH GOTHIC
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
FRENCH GOTHIC INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES Geographical
Geological Climate Religion Social and Political Historical
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
FRENCH GOTHIC EB XY AZ M A NP TL IENSE – SCTHYULRE C–H EASr c h i t e c t u r a l C h a r a c t e r
الطراز البيزنطي
Notre Dame de Paris Cathedral Description
Is one of the oldest of French Gothic cathedrals.
Location
Paris - France
Timeline
A.D. 1163 - 1214
Brief Note
The plan is typical in having a wide central nave with double aisles, transepts of small projection (being practically in a line with the side aisles) and the chevet arrangement with its double aisles and exterior chapels.
يحتوي المسقط األفقي على صحن متسع وممشين على كل جانب وبهو عرضي يبرز بروزا غير محسوس وعلى خلوات متشععة تفصلها عن .الوسط طرقة مزدوجة History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
FRENCH GOTHIC EB XY AZ M A NP TL IENSE – SCTHYULRE C–H EASr c h i t e c t u r a l C h a r a c t e r
الطراز البيزنطي
Notre Dame de Paris Cathedral Description
Is one of the oldest of French Gothic cathedrals.
Location
Paris - France
Timeline
A.D. 1163 - 1214
Brief Note
The west front is the grandest composition in France, the western gable to the nave being
الواجهة الغربية هي أكبر الواجهاتhidden by a pierced الفرنسية على اإلطالق جمالونscreen, connecting the الصحن مختفي بالحائط الذي يربطtwo western towers. البرجين الغربيين
The western facade illuminated at night.
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
FRENCH GOTHIC EB XY AZ M A NP TL IENSE – SCTHYULRE C–H EASr c h i t e c t u r a l C h a r a c t e r
الطراز البيزنطي
Notre Dame de Paris Cathedral Description
Is one of the oldest of French Gothic cathedrals.
Location
Paris - France
Timeline
A.D. 1163 - 1214
Brief
The three deeply
Note
recessed western portals, the range of statues in niches, and
ثالث بوابات معقودة ذات تدرجات ، ترتيب التماثيل في الحوائط،غائرة النافذة العجلة أو الوردة تمثل في
the circular wheel
window, are all characteristic features.
.مجموعها أهم خصائص الكاتدرائية
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
FRENCH GOTHIC EB XY AZ M A NP TL IENSE – SCTHYULRE C–H EASr c h i t e c t u r a l C h a r a c t e r
الطراز البيزنطي
Notre Dame de Paris Cathedral Description
Is one of the oldest of French Gothic cathedrals.
Location
Paris - France
Timeline
A.D. 1163 - 1214
Brief
The three deeply recessed western portals, the range of statues in niches, and the circular wheel window, are all characteristic features.
Note
ثالث بوابات معقودة ذات تدرجات ، ترتيب التماثيل في الحوائط،غائرة النافذة العجلة أو الوردة تمثل في .مجموعها أهم خصائص الكاتدرائية
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
FRENCH GOTHIC EB XY AZ M A NP TL IENSE – SCTHYULRE C–H EASr c h i t e c t u r a l C h a r a c t e r
الطراز البيزنطي
Notre Dame de Paris Cathedral Description
Is one of the oldest of French Gothic cathedrals.
Location
Paris - France
Timeline
A.D. 1163 - 1214
Brief
The three deeply
Note
recessed western portals, the range of statues in niches, and
ثالث بوابات معقودة ذات تدرجات ، ترتيب التماثيل في الحوائط،غائرة النافذة العجلة أو الوردة تمثل في
the circular wheel
window, are all characteristic features.
.مجموعها أهم خصائص الكاتدرائية
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
FRENCH GOTHIC EB XY AZ M A NP TL IENSE – SCTHYULRE C–H EASr c h i t e c t u r a l C h a r a c t e r
الطراز البيزنطي
Notre Dame de Paris Cathedral Description
Is one of the oldest of French Gothic cathedrals.
Location
Paris - France
Timeline
A.D. 1163 - 1214
Brief
The lateral facades are spoilt by chapels having been placed between the buttresses.
Note
The southern facade of Notre-Dame de Paris. History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
FRENCH GOTHIC EB XY AZ M A NP TL IENSE – SCTHYULRE C–H EASr c h i t e c t u r a l C h a r a c t e r
الطراز البيزنطي
Notre Dame de Paris Cathedral Description
French Gothic Roman Catholic Church
Location
Paris - France
Timeline
A.D. 1163 - 1345
Brief Note
The spire and east side of the cathedral. History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
FRENCH GOTHIC EB XY AZ M A NP TL IENSE – SCTHYULRE C–H EASr c h i t e c t u r a l C h a r a c t e r
الطراز البيزنطي
Notre Dame de Paris Cathedral
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
FRENCH GOTHIC EB XY AZ M A NP TL IENSE – SCTHYULRE C–H EASr c h i t e c t u r a l C h a r a c t e r
الطراز البيزنطي
Notre Dame de Paris Cathedral Description
French Gothic Roman Catholic Church
Location
Paris - France
Timeline
A.D. 1163 - 1345
Brief Note
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
FRENCH GOTHIC EB XY AZ M A NP TL IENSE – SCTHYULRE C–H EASr c h i t e c t u r a l C h a r a c t e r
الطراز البيزنطي
Notre Dame de Paris Cathedral Description
French Gothic Roman Catholic Church
Location
Paris - France
Timeline
A.D. 1163 - 1345
Brief Note
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
FRENCH GOTHIC EB XY AZ M A NP TL IENSE – SCTHYULRE C–H EASr c h i t e c t u r a l C h a r a c t e r
الطراز البيزنطي
Notre Dame de Paris Cathedral Description
French Gothic Roman Catholic Church
Location
Paris - France
Timeline
A.D. 1163 - 1345
Brief Note
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
FRENCH GOTHIC EB XY AZ M A NP TL IENSE – SCTHYULRE C–H EASr c h i t e c t u r a l C h a r a c t e r
الطراز البيزنطي
Notre Dame de Paris Cathedral Description
French Gothic Roman Catholic Church
Location
Paris - France
Timeline
A.D. 1163 - 1345
Brief Note
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
FRENCH GOTHIC EB XY AZ M A NP TL IENSE – SCTHYULRE C–H EASr c h i t e c t u r a l C h a r a c t e r
الطراز البيزنطي
Notre Dame de Paris Cathedral Description
French Gothic Roman Catholic Church
Location
Paris - France
Timeline
A.D. 1163 - 1345
Brief Note
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
FRENCH GOTHIC EB XY AZ M A NP TL IENSE – SCTHYULRE C–H EASr c h i t e c t u r a l C h a r a c t e r
الطراز البيزنطي
Notre Dame de Paris Cathedral Description
French Gothic Roman Catholic Church
Location
Paris - France
Timeline
A.D. 1163 - 1345
Brief Note
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
FRENCH GOTHIC EB XY AZ M A NP TL IENSE – SCTHYULRE C–H EASr c h i t e c t u r a l C h a r a c t e r
الطراز البيزنطي
Notre Dame de Paris Cathedral Description
French Gothic Roman Catholic Church
Location
Paris - France
Timeline
A.D. 1163 - 1345
Brief Note
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
FRENCH GOTHIC EB XY AZ M A NP TL IENSE – SCTHYULRE C–H EASr c h i t e c t u r a l C h a r a c t e r
الطراز البيزنطي
Notre Dame de Paris Cathedral Description
French Gothic Roman Catholic Church
Location
Paris - France
Timeline
A.D. 1163 - 1345
Brief Note
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=O61ng_QqC4I http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=pla yer_detailpage&v=24N94rZ7XtU History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
Thank you for your Attention History of architecture II
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi