/05 - SOLAR CONTROL IN ARCHITECTURE (BUILDING SCIENCE I)

AR343 Building Science 1 (July 2020) Solar Control in Architecture.

Group 4C Prepared for Mr Chan Chiew Chuen

THE SHA DE.

stages;

01

Precedent study Tony's Organic House CVIC Gallery/ Studio Link Northwoods House Tung Men Holiness Church

02

Comparison of Precedent studies

03

Individual Study Introduction Stereographic Sun Patch Diagram Shadow Angle Protractor Design Strategy Simulation Conclusion

Reference

C.

04

Content; Prepared by Lai Zhi Zhen

Precedent studies;

PR ECE

DE NT.

P1 - Lai Zhi Zhen Tony's Organic House / Playze P2 - Mandy Lai Ping Jie CVIC Gallery/ Studio Link – Arc , LLC P3 - Tan Ming Hui Northwoods House / Olson Kundig P4 - Choo Yee Lit Tung Men Holiness Church, Tainan, Taiwan / Malone Chang

Prepared by Lai Zhi Zhen

Tony's Organic House / Playze Material used : Strings

GA Drawing

P.

Prepared by Lai Zhi Zhen

String shading device The idea of the shading device was to contrast the harshness of the adjacent massive glass towers with a soft and tactile skin. It is made of The resulting shading system is made of two layers of differently colored strings. The overlap of the two layers creates a moiré effect that reinforces the textile-like aesthetic of the skin.

The façade is comprised of a series of panels, each consisting of 46 strings. The use of single strings instead of a continuous fabric allows the panels to twist in a controlled and specific way. The shape of the twisted panel allows for ideal sun shading conditions while simultaneously opening up views towards the river.

1.

Advantage: - Flexible as it is controllable - Diffuse direct sunlight to the space - Allow capture of view from the space Disadvantage: - The maintenance of the string

Lighting impact

Prepared by Lai Zhi Zhen

CVIC Gallery/ Studio Link – Arc , LLC Material used : Metal

GA Drawing PROJECT INFORMATION Project Name: Guiyang Membership Clubhouse Project Location: Guiyang, China Project Area: 3,500 sqm above ground 1,200 sqm under ground Project Status: Completed April 2014 Client: AVIC

P.

Section X-X

Site Plan

Section Y-Y

Ground Floor Plan

First Floor Plan

BUILDING PERSPECTIVE HERE

Prepared by Mandy Lai Ping Jie

Shading device The shading device that used for this building ’s exterior is a vertical shading device .

SHADING DEVICES HERE

2.

The building’s exterior is covered in a patterned metal screen (inspired by a bamboo grove) that unifies the building, shades interior spaces, and allows for views beyond. This screen is cut away in certain locations to allow uninterrupted views of the reflecting pool and the surrounding landscape.

Shading Device

Elevation

Plan

Section

Lighting impact

Light entering through the gap between it.

Prepared by Mandy Lai Ping Jie

Northwoods House / Olson Kundig Material used : Woods

GA Drawing

P.

Prepared by Tan Ming Hui

Shading Device L I G H T

S H E L V E S

Roof extensions and light shelves create clear definition between vertical spaces in this building.

3.

Pros: Intermediate light shelves divide solar glazing, reduce glare and evenly distribute daylight in a space. It works in low-rise & high-rise buildings.

Cons: Requires higher maintenance as it must be coordinated with windows design.

Interior Impact

Prepared by Tan Ming Hui

Tung Men Holiness Church, Tainan, Taiwan / Malone Chang Material used : Aluminum

GA Drawing

P.

Prepared by Choo Yee lit

Shading device

The aluminum perforated coppertoned screens invite a soft and dappled light into the space for worship, heightening the ethereal and uplifting nature. The screens as subtle nod to the eagle, orientating every panel according to Fibonacci sequence and it is varied by increments of two degrees from screen to screen to allow façade appear soft, transparent and flowing.

4.

Advantages : - Allows energy efficient by balancing light and ventilation by deflecting heat and reduce solar gain.

- Decrease use amount of indoor lighting required.

Lighting impact

Disadvantages : - Fixed mesh holes are not easily deformed.

- The amount of sunlight enters are depending on the size of mesh holes.

Prepared by Choo Yee lit

C.

Comparison; Precedent study

Explanation

Tony's Organic House

Material ：Strings Advantages : • Flexible as it is controllable • Diffuse direct sunlight to the space • Allow capture of view from the space Disadvantage: • - The maintenance of the string

Northwoods House

Material : woods Advantages : Intermediate light shelves divide solar glazing, reduce glare and evenly distribute daylight in a space.

Disadvantges : Requires higher maintenance as it must be coordinated with windows design.

CVIC Gallery

Material : metal Advantages : • Allow light and shadow come in create the nice user experiences • Metal plate pattern allows some views and create shade at the same time Disadvantages : • High maintenance for cleaning the metal plate

Tung Men Holiness Church

Material : Aluminium Advantages :

•

Allows ligtht and ventilation &reduce solar gain • Decrease use of indoor lighting required.

Disadvantages : • Fixed mesh holes are not easily deformed.

• The amount of sunlight enters are depending on the size of mesh holes.

Prepared by Mandy Lai Ping Jie

GROUP 4C

LAI ZHI

Lai Zhi Zhen 1001747427 UCSI University

ZH

EN.

IN.

Introduction;

The selected opening in the building for this assignment is indicated using the box in the drawing plan below. The room is used as a master bedroom in this building and the direction of the opening are directly facing towards 165° SSE. .

The dimension of the opening is 1800MM (W) x 1100MM (H). Total area of the opening is 1.98SQM. Due to the orientation of the opening, it will be exposed more to morning sunlight throughout the day.

Plan & Opening Position

Prepared by Lai Zhi Zhen

S.

Stereographic;

Stereographic Sun Path Diagram

21st

December

0900 AZIMUTH - 115° ESE ALTITUDE - 10° 1200 AZIMUTH – 133° SE ALTITUDE - 48° 1500 AZIMUTH -204° SSW ALTITUDE - 59°

Time

Azimuth

Altitude

HSA

VSA

0900

115° ESE

10°

49°

10 °

1200

133° SE

48 °

31°

45°

1500

204° SSW

59°

39 °

59 °

Shadow Angle Protractor In this report, the sun path diagram chosen is at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

The selection of time zone of 21st December (Summer Solstice) is because there is more surfaces being exposed to the sunlight during this period.

The orientation of the chosen opening is facing directly to 165° SSE, it is more towards South. Therefore, the sunlight able to penetrate in the space during daytime.

0900 HSA - 49° VSA - 10°

1500 HSA - 39° VSA - 60°

1200 HSA - 31° VSA - 45° Prepared by Lai Zhi Zhen

Design Strategy

D.

The proposed shading devices is vertical louver with different size of gap to allow partial penetration of light and able to capture different angle of view.

The right side have larger panel to avoid 9AM light directly penetrate to the bed of the user. Left side have smaller panel allow more partial light to penetrate in the space Prepared by Lai Zhi Zhen

CAD.

Simulation;

21st December Summer Solstice NTS

Without Shading Device

BEDROOM

0900

TOILET

HSA = 49° VSA = 10°

PLAN

With Shading Device

BEDROOM TOILET

PLAN BEDROOM

BEDROOM

SECTION

ELEVATION

BEDROOM

1200

TOILET

HSA = 31° VSA = 45°

PLAN

SECTION

ELEVATION

BEDROOM TOILET

SECTION

ELEVATION

BEDROOM TOILET

0300

HSA = 31° VSA = 45°

PLAN BEDROOM

HSA = 39° VSA = 59°

BEDROOM

SECTION

ELEVATION

HSA = 39° VSA = 59°

BEDROOM TOILET

PLAN

PLAN BEDROOM

ELEVATION

HSA = 49° VSA = 10°

SECTION

BEDROOM

ELEVATION

SECTION Prepared by Lai Zhi Zhen

REVIT.

Simulation;

21st December Summer Solstice NTS

Without Shading Device

BEDROOM

With Shading Device

BEDROOM

0900

TOILET

TOILET

PLAN

PLAN BEDROOM

SECTION

ELEVATION

BEDROOM

BEDROOM

ELEVATION

BEDROOM

1200

TOILET

TOILET

PLAN BEDROOM

ELEVATION

SECTION

BEDROOM

PLAN BEDROOM

ELEVATION

0300

SECTION

BEDROOM TOILET

TOILET

PLAN

PLAN BEDROOM

ELEVATION

SECTION

SECTION

BEDROOM

ELEVATION

SECTION Prepared by Lai Zhi Zhen

HELIODON.

Simulation;

21st December Summer Solstice NTS

0900

Without Shading Device

1200

SECTION

SECTION

SECTION

ELEVATION

SECTION

PLAN

PLAN

ELEVATION

ELEVATION

PLAN

PLAN

ELEVATION

0400

PLAN

PLAN

ELEVATION

With Shading Device

SECTION

ELEVATION

SECTION Prepared by Lai Zhi Zhen

Co;

CO. Conclusion In conclusion, I have learnt about the shading device play an important role of the overall building which does not only provide the shade, but also the way of how user interact with the natural light, capture view and allowing the wind enter the space and even it is important to the building façade too.

By understanding different method of designing the shading device, I have learnt how to achieve the balancing between aesthetic form and functional shading device.

Other than that, I have learnt how important is shading device to the building especially living in this tropical climate, shading device could really help to control a good thermal comfort of the space.

Comparison between Simulation In mt observation, he method of getting the shadow casting from REVIT, CAD and by physical model has their own perks and disadvantages. Through the method of Autocad, I have learnt how to get the shadow cast by using the HAS and VSA from the collar chart on the Plan, Section and Elevation which seems very clean, tidy and accurate. However, if the shading device have different angle it is difficult to take the exact shadow in Autocad.

From physical model I have did, I found that it is more experimenting to the shadow cast and the spatial quality created, but the angle of the sun penetration will not as accurate as digital.

Out of 3 methods, I find Revit is the most convenient method to do the shadow casting. It also can observe the spatial quality through the 3D format and the outcome look very tidy and more accurate.

Prepared by Lai Zhi Zhen

GROUP 4C

MAN DY

Mandy Lai Ping Jie 1001747604 UCSI University

LA

I.

IN.

Introduction;

The spaces that I studied are two bedrooms that located at first floor of a double storey house in the residential housing area . The two rooms are located adjacent to each others .

Both rooms are bedroom with windows . The opening that I chose is located at the Bedroom 1 .

In this project , I will study about the sun path chart and also propose a shading device that suitable for diffusing like direct penetrating into the room .

1830 mm

1220 mm

Site plan

Plan & Opening Position

Bedroom 1

The opening that I chose is the window facing North . The window is located at 800mm up from the first floor level with the dimension (1830 mmx 1220 mm ).

The opening is facing North , but will penetrate in most of the sunlight during afternoon and evening time compared with morning .

Bedroom 2

Floor plan Scale 1: 100

Prepared by Mandy Lai Ping Jie

S.

Stereographic;

Stereographic Sun Path Diagram

21st June

Azimuth Time Altitude

1000 1300

1600

Time

Azimuth

Altitude

HSA

VSA

1000

66° NE

28 °

66°

42 °

1300

40 ° NE

64 °

40 °

66 °

58 °

309 °/-51 °

73 °

1600

309 °/-51 ° NW

Shadow Angle Protractor

HSA =Horizontal shadow angle VSA= Vertical shadow angle

HSA Time VSA 1000 1300 1600

Prepared by Mandy Lai Ping Jie

Design Strategy Development sketches The opening is located in a bedroom , so it is important for solar control.

Elevation

Plan

Timber plate ideas

The first thought for shading device is like vertical timber plate is arranged in linear arrangement .

However , angled arrangement would be more effective.

Plan

Elevation

Section

Final design 2500mm

300 mm Plan

D.

1800mm

2500mm

1800mm

300 mm

Section

Elevation

The shading device that I proposed is a vertical shading device . It is because my opening is facing north , it will be more effective by using vertical shading device compared with the horizontal shading device .The timber plates are arranged angled facing the left and right , but the middle one is arranged linear .This will be more helpful in different timing of the day .

Prepared by Mandy Lai Ping Jie

CAD.

Simulation;

21st June Summer Solstic Methodology :The HSA and VSA angle data get from the calculation of sun path chart and the shadow pathway is drawn by using autocad with the specific angle .

Without Shading Device

HSA =Horizontal shadow angle VSA= Vertical shadow angle

With Shading Device

Plan

Plan

HSA= 66°

HSA= 66° HSA= 66° VSA=42°

1000

HSA= 66° VSA=42°

VSA=42°

Elevation

Section

VSA=42°

Elevation

Section

Plan

Plan

HSA= 40°

HSA= 40°

1300

HSA= 40° VSA=66°

HSA= 40° VSA=66°

VSA=66°

Elevation

Section

VSA=66°

Elevation

Plan

Plan

HSA= 51°

HSA= 51°

1600

HSA= 51° VSA=73°

HSA= 51° VSA=73°

VSA=73°

Elevation

Section

Section

VSA=73°

Elevation

Section Prepared by Mandy Lai Ping Jie

REVIT.

Simulation;

21st June Summer Solstic

Methodology :The data is collected by using Revit drawing , adjusting the sun path with specific date and time and turn on the shadow .

Without Shading Device 3D

Plan

3D

1000

Plan

With Shading Device

Elevation

Section 3D

Section Plan

3D

1300

Plan

Elevation

Elevation

Section 3D

Section Plan

3D

1600

Plan

Elevation

Elevation

Section

Elevation

Section Prepared by Mandy Lai Ping Jie

HELIODON.

Simulation;

21st June Summer Solstic

Methodology : 1:50 room model and shading device is made for the study . (Due to the situation of MCO, the data get by using phone touch light and the tripod stand to make sure consistency of the angle for each time frame .)

Without Shading Device

With Shading Device Plan

1000

Plan

Elevation

Section

Elevation

Section Plan

1300

Plan

Elevation

Section

Elevation Plan

1600

Plan

Section

Elevation

Section

Elevation

Section Prepared by Mandy Lai Ping Jie

Co;

CO. Conclusion

In conclusion , from this Project 2, I have learnt that shading device is one of the important element for the building . In the process of designing the shading device, I found out there is quite a lot of interesting and useful idea for it , and shading device is not only functioning to blocking the sunlight , shaded the space and also can act as one of the responding to site , like the view responding . For example , the shading device that block some of the views in order to channel the user to look at the views that architect would like to enhance and focus on . Besides , shading device is also an essential part for the façade design .

The study of sun path ,light and shadow is very important in designing a suitable shading device for a building so that it would be efficient in solar control for the building .

Comparison Between 3 Stimulations This 3 stimulations results with some different , although the data are actually same.

Autocad drawing : the shadow to be showed with specific angle Revit drawing : show much better in 3D , some limitation for details Physical model : obviously shows the result , but need to have specific equipment like HELIODON for accuracy .

10 AM

Revit

Autocad

Existing condition

Physical model

HSA= 66° VSA=42°

Plan

With shading device

Elevation

3D

Section

Plan

Elevation

HSA= 66° VSA=42°

Plan

Elevation

Section

Plan

Elevation

Section

Plan

Elevation

Section

3D

Section

Plan

Elevation

Section

Prepared by Mandy Lai Ping Jie

TAN MI

GROUP 4C

NG Tan Ming Hui 1001748103 UCSI University

HUI.

IN.

Introduction;

The study area focused on a single storey terrace houses constructed of bricks and concrete in Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia. the selected single storey terrace houses of the study are oriented facing north side. But the data collection will be focused on the kitchen window which facing south side.

Plan & Opening Position

Figure 1.1 Site Plan

Figure 1.2 Floor Plan with Highlighted Chosen Kitchen Space NO.

5

REF.

W4

LOCATION

KITCHEN

SPECIFICATION

ALUMN, FRAME CASEMENT WINDOW TO MANUF’S DETAIL

SIZE (W x H) (mm)

1220*1134

ORIENTATION

SOUTH

Table 1.1 Window Schedule

Figure 1.3 Back Elevation

Prepared by Tan Ming Hui

S.

21st

Stereographic;

Stereographic Sun Path Diagram AZIMUTH : 123⁰ ALTITUDE: 34⁰

December Latitude: 2.8758⁰ NORTH Time Zone: 21 st December (Winter Solstice) Window Orientation: South Largest HSA: 1PM Largest VSA: 3PM

AZIMUTH : 203⁰ ALTITUDE: 61⁰

Time

AZIMUTH : 149⁰ ALTITUDE: 58⁰

Azimuth

Altitude

HSA

VSA

1100

123⁰

34⁰

34⁰

44⁰

1300

149⁰

58⁰

58⁰

52⁰

1500

203⁰

61⁰

23⁰

55⁰

Shadow Angle Protractor

HSA : 34⁰ VSA : 44⁰

HSA : 23⁰ VSA : 55⁰

HSA : 58⁰ VSA : 52⁰

Prepared by Tan Ming Hui

Design Strategy

D.

Light shelves are possibly the simplest among daylighting systems; a horizontal/inclined surface which is placed on a window above eye level. Due to its position in relation to the opening, it divides the window into two parts; an upper part (clerestory) which can be considered as daylight provider and a lower one (view) window. Therefore, it can act either as a shading device which blocks excessive sunlight impinging on the working surface and if installed externally, it can reduce solar gains or as a daylighting device, bouncing off reflected sunlight usually onto the ceiling plane and pushing daylight deeper into the space.

Prepared by Tan Ming Hui

CAD.

Simulation;

21st December Winter Solstice

Without Shading Device

HSA : 34⁰ VSA : 44⁰

kitchen

HSA : 58⁰ VSA : 52⁰

kitchen

HSA : 34⁰ VSA : 44⁰

1100

kitchen

With Shading Device

1300

HSA : 58⁰ VSA : 52⁰

HSA : 23⁰ VSA : 55⁰

kitchen

HSA : 23⁰ VSA : 55⁰

1500

kitchen

Prepared by Tan Ming Hui

REVIT.

Simulation;

21st December Winter Solstice

1100

Without Shading Device

PLAN

1300

ELEVATION

PLAN

1500

ELEVATION

PLAN

ELEVATION

With Shading Device

3D VIEW

SECTION

3D VIEW

SECTION

3D VIEW

SECTION

PLAN

ELEVATION

PLAN

ELEVATION

PLAN

ELEVATION

3D VIEW

SECTION

3D VIEW

SECTION

3D VIEW

SECTION

Prepared by Tan Ming Hui

HELIODON.

Simulation;

21st December Winter Solstice

1100

Without Shading Device

With Shading Device

ELEVATION

ELEVATION

PLAN

PLAN SECTION

1300

SECTION

ELEVATION

PLAN

PLAN ELEVATION SECTION

1500

SECTION

ELEVATION

ELEVATION

PLAN PLAN SECTION

SECTION

Prepared by Tan Ming Hui

Co;

CO. Conclusion As already mentioned, a light shelf is one of the simplest daylighting systems.

Regardless of its ease of installation, it should be designed to suit specific demands, and this can pose a difficulty since it requires specific knowledge.

STRENGHT

WEAKNESS

- Indoor lighting environment improvement.

- Productivity, well-being and mood improvement.

-Ease of installation.

- Require higher maintenances.

Comparison between Simulation Simulation results indicate that all 3 different times slot require one possible performance improvements: increase shading (to improve thermal performance).

Since Autodesk Revit software allows a fairly good range of possibilities to analyze and visualize results, the process of shadow casted generation was notably facilitated. While drawing in AutoCAD allows us to notify the accurate angle of shadow as well as how far the light can be penetrates through. In summary, the following modification was made in each type of shading device (bearing in mind that its dimensions have minor variations depending on window size and orientation): Horizontal devices: reduction of depth and proposition of lateral extensions Light shelf: reduction of depth and addition of vertical surfaces in both sides.

Prepared by Tan Ming Hui

GROUP 4C

CA SSA

ND Choo Yee Lit 1001849555 UCSI University

RA.

IN.

Introduction;

The house is located at Kota Kinabalu, Sabah and the chosen space is master bedroom.

The master bedroom is constructed together with toilet near to the entrance of the room. There are three openings can be found within the space.

But the opening window chosen, it is located at the south west of the building orientation. Since the house is a semidetachable house and it is orientated opposite direction from the sun arise, it is very rare to receive direct sunlight into the chosen space. The shadow casted can only be seen during afternoon or evening.

Plan & Opening Position

SITE PLAN SCALE : NTS

SELECTED WINDOW OPENING TO BE STUDY

FIRST FLOOR PLAN SCALE 1:75

Prepared by Choo Yee lit

S.

Stereographic;

Stereographic Sun Path Diagram

10th January

Time

Azimuth

Altitude

HSA

VSA

0900

121° SE

33°

89°

88°

1300

198° SW

61°

12°

60°

1600

240° SW

30°

30°

32°

Shadow Angle Protractor

Prepared by Choo Yee lit

Design Strategy

D.

For the option one, the sun shading quite suitable if redesign in better way, but in term of price it is expensive and highly sensitive to cleaning products. As for second option, it requires more space to construct and less space for people to do maintenance since the outside area has small exposed balcony. For option 3, it is very suitable because it is reflect direct sun light into the building and very flexible to work with in terms of placement of sun shading device.

Prepared by Choo Yee lit

CAD.

Simulation;

10th January Scale 1:10

With Shading Device

1600

1300

0900

Without Shading Device

Prepared by Choo Yee lit

REVIT.

Simulation;

10th January Scale 1:10

With Shading Device

1600

1300

0900

Without Shading Device

Prepared by Choo Yee lit

HELIODON.

Simulation;

10th January Scale 1:10

0900

Without Shading Device

1300

SECTION

SECTION

SECTION

ELEVATION

SECTION

PLAN

PLAN

ELEVATION

ELEVATION

PLAN

PLAN

ELEVATION

1600

PLAN

PLAN

ELEVATION

With Shading Device

SECTION

ELEVATION

SECTION

Prepared by Choo Yee lit

Co;

CO. Conclusion As an overall from this study, I learnt that casting shadow with proper measurement from sun path chart and shadow angle protractor using appropriate shading devices gives better understand how shadow can play important element when it comes to give an experience for the users who use the space in the building.

Comparison between Simulation To my observation, using Autocad and Revit to simulate the shadow casting angle is more precisely compare to Heliodon because the two good option allow to stress into one angle and time only. As for Heliodon model, it needs proper gadget to study better since it can be manipulate but still get more or less same result.

Prepared by Choo Yee lit

RE. Reference;

Lai Zhi Zhen: ArchDaily Published on May 30, 2013 retrieve from https://www.archdaily.com/378901/tony-s-organichouseplayze?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_resu lt_all

Mandy Lai Ping Jie https://architizer.com/projects/cvic-gallery/ Tan Ming Hui: Janelle Penny. Published on 1st October 2017. https://www.buildings.com/articledetails/articleid/21318/title/how-light-shelves-maximizedaylighting Published on 27th February 2020. https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Light_shelf Paula Pintos. Published on 4th August 2020. https://www.archdaily.com/944903/northwoods-houseolsonkundig?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all

Choo Yee Lit https://proteusfacades.com/benefits-perforated-metalfacade/ https://www.marlinwire.com/blog/what-are-thelimitations-of-open-area-when-making-a-perforated-metalpattern https://www.designboom.com/architecture/tainan-tungmen-holiness-church-mayu-architects-plus-taiwan-03-232017/ https://urbannext.net/tung-men-holiness-church/

https://www.johnroccosales.com/newsblog/2015/9/10/architects-top-5-advantages-of-perforatedmetal#:~:text=Perforated%20metal%20has%20a%20struct ural,supported%20by%20the%20building's%20framework .

Prepared by Lai Zhi Zhen

T.

Thankyou;

Program:​

Bachelor of Science (Hons) in Architecture​

Course Code and Name:​

AR 343 Building Science 1​

Semester​

2020-07​

Student's Name and ID:​

Lai Zhi Zhen 1001747427 Mandy Lai Ping Jie 1001747604 Tan Ming Hui 1001748103 Choo Yee Lit 1001849555

Lecturer:

Mr. Chan ChiewChuen

Date of Submission:

2 Oct 2020

Prepared by Lai Zhi Zhen