AR343 Building Science 1 (July 2020) Solar Control in Architecture.
Group 4C Prepared for Mr Chan Chiew Chuen
THE SHA DE.
stages;
01
Precedent study Tony's Organic House CVIC Gallery/ Studio Link Northwoods House Tung Men Holiness Church
02
Comparison of Precedent studies
03
Individual Study Introduction Stereographic Sun Patch Diagram Shadow Angle Protractor Design Strategy Simulation Conclusion
Reference
C.
04
Content; Prepared by Lai Zhi Zhen
Precedent studies;
PR ECE
DE NT.
P1 - Lai Zhi Zhen Tony's Organic House / Playze P2 - Mandy Lai Ping Jie CVIC Gallery/ Studio Link – Arc , LLC P3 - Tan Ming Hui Northwoods House / Olson Kundig P4 - Choo Yee Lit Tung Men Holiness Church, Tainan, Taiwan / Malone Chang
Prepared by Lai Zhi Zhen
Tony's Organic House / Playze Material used : Strings
GA Drawing
P.
Prepared by Lai Zhi Zhen
String shading device The idea of the shading device was to contrast the harshness of the adjacent massive glass towers with a soft and tactile skin. It is made of The resulting shading system is made of two layers of differently colored strings. The overlap of the two layers creates a moiré effect that reinforces the textile-like aesthetic of the skin. The façade is comprised of a series of panels, each consisting of 46 strings. The use of single strings instead of a continuous fabric allows the panels to twist in a controlled and specific way. The shape of the twisted panel allows for ideal sun shading conditions while simultaneously opening up views towards the river.
1.
Advantage: - Flexible as it is controllable - Diffuse direct sunlight to the space - Allow capture of view from the space Disadvantage: - The maintenance of the string
Lighting impact
Prepared by Lai Zhi Zhen
CVIC Gallery/ Studio Link – Arc , LLC Material used : Metal
GA Drawing PROJECT INFORMATION Project Name: Guiyang Membership Clubhouse Project Location: Guiyang, China Project Area: 3,500 sqm above ground 1,200 sqm under ground Project Status: Completed April 2014 Client: AVIC
P.
Section X-X
Site Plan
Section Y-Y
Ground Floor Plan
First Floor Plan
BUILDING PERSPECTIVE HERE
Prepared by Mandy Lai Ping Jie
Shading device The shading device that used for this building ’s exterior is a vertical shading device .
SHADING DEVICES HERE
2.
The building’s exterior is covered in a patterned metal screen (inspired by a bamboo grove) that unifies the building, shades interior spaces, and allows for views beyond. This screen is cut away in certain locations to allow uninterrupted views of the reflecting pool and the surrounding landscape.
Shading Device
Elevation
Plan
Section
Lighting impact
Light entering through the gap between it.
Prepared by Mandy Lai Ping Jie
Northwoods House / Olson Kundig Material used : Woods
GA Drawing
P.
Prepared by Tan Ming Hui
Shading Device L I G H T
S H E L V E S
Roof extensions and light shelves create clear definition between vertical spaces in this building.
3.
Pros: Intermediate light shelves divide solar glazing, reduce glare and evenly distribute daylight in a space. It works in low-rise & high-rise buildings. Cons: Requires higher maintenance as it must be coordinated with windows design.
Interior Impact
Prepared by Tan Ming Hui
Tung Men Holiness Church, Tainan, Taiwan / Malone Chang Material used : Aluminum
GA Drawing
P.
Prepared by Choo Yee lit
Shading device
The aluminum perforated coppertoned screens invite a soft and dappled light into the space for worship, heightening the ethereal and uplifting nature. The screens as subtle nod to the eagle, orientating every panel according to Fibonacci sequence and it is varied by increments of two degrees from screen to screen to allow façade appear soft, transparent and flowing.
4.
Advantages : - Allows energy efficient by balancing light and ventilation by deflecting heat and reduce solar gain. - Decrease use amount of indoor lighting required.
Lighting impact
Disadvantages : - Fixed mesh holes are not easily deformed. - The amount of sunlight enters are depending on the size of mesh holes.
Prepared by Choo Yee lit
C.
Comparison; Precedent study
Explanation
Tony's Organic House
Material ：Strings Advantages : • Flexible as it is controllable • Diffuse direct sunlight to the space • Allow capture of view from the space Disadvantage: • - The maintenance of the string
Northwoods House
Material : woods Advantages : Intermediate light shelves divide solar glazing, reduce glare and evenly distribute daylight in a space. Disadvantges : Requires higher maintenance as it must be coordinated with windows design.
CVIC Gallery
Material : metal Advantages : • Allow light and shadow come in create the nice user experiences • Metal plate pattern allows some views and create shade at the same time Disadvantages : • High maintenance for cleaning the metal plate
Tung Men Holiness Church
Material : Aluminium Advantages :
•
Allows ligtht and ventilation &reduce solar gain • Decrease use of indoor lighting required. Disadvantages : • Fixed mesh holes are not easily deformed. • The amount of sunlight enters are depending on the size of mesh holes.
Prepared by Mandy Lai Ping Jie
GROUP 4C
LAI ZHI
Lai Zhi Zhen 1001747427 UCSI University
ZH
EN.
IN.
Introduction;
The selected opening in the building for this assignment is indicated using the box in the drawing plan below. The room is used as a master bedroom in this building and the direction of the opening are directly facing towards 165° SSE. . The dimension of the opening is 1800MM (W) x 1100MM (H). Total area of the opening is 1.98SQM. Due to the orientation of the opening, it will be exposed more to morning sunlight throughout the day.
Plan & Opening Position
Prepared by Lai Zhi Zhen
S.
Stereographic;
Stereographic Sun Path Diagram
21st
December
0900 AZIMUTH - 115° ESE ALTITUDE - 10° 1200 AZIMUTH – 133° SE ALTITUDE - 48° 1500 AZIMUTH -204° SSW ALTITUDE - 59°
Time
Azimuth
Altitude
HSA
VSA
0900
115° ESE
10°
49°
10 °
1200
133° SE
48 °
31°
45°
1500
204° SSW
59°
39 °
59 °
Shadow Angle Protractor In this report, the sun path diagram chosen is at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The selection of time zone of 21st December (Summer Solstice) is because there is more surfaces being exposed to the sunlight during this period. The orientation of the chosen opening is facing directly to 165° SSE, it is more towards South. Therefore, the sunlight able to penetrate in the space during daytime.
0900 HSA - 49° VSA - 10°
1500 HSA - 39° VSA - 60°
1200 HSA - 31° VSA - 45° Prepared by Lai Zhi Zhen
Design Strategy
D.
The proposed shading devices is vertical louver with different size of gap to allow partial penetration of light and able to capture different angle of view. The right side have larger panel to avoid 9AM light directly penetrate to the bed of the user. Left side have smaller panel allow more partial light to penetrate in the space Prepared by Lai Zhi Zhen
CAD.
Simulation;
21st December Summer Solstice NTS
Without Shading Device
BEDROOM
0900
TOILET
HSA = 49° VSA = 10°
PLAN
With Shading Device
BEDROOM TOILET
PLAN BEDROOM
BEDROOM
SECTION
ELEVATION
BEDROOM
1200
TOILET
HSA = 31° VSA = 45°
PLAN
SECTION
ELEVATION
BEDROOM TOILET
SECTION
ELEVATION
BEDROOM TOILET
0300
HSA = 31° VSA = 45°
PLAN BEDROOM
HSA = 39° VSA = 59°
BEDROOM
SECTION
ELEVATION
HSA = 39° VSA = 59°
BEDROOM TOILET
PLAN
PLAN BEDROOM
ELEVATION
HSA = 49° VSA = 10°
SECTION
BEDROOM
ELEVATION
SECTION Prepared by Lai Zhi Zhen
REVIT.
Simulation;
21st December Summer Solstice NTS
Without Shading Device
BEDROOM
With Shading Device
BEDROOM
0900
TOILET
TOILET
PLAN
PLAN BEDROOM
SECTION
ELEVATION
BEDROOM
BEDROOM
ELEVATION
BEDROOM
1200
TOILET
TOILET
PLAN BEDROOM
ELEVATION
SECTION
BEDROOM
PLAN BEDROOM
ELEVATION
0300
SECTION
BEDROOM TOILET
TOILET
PLAN
PLAN BEDROOM
ELEVATION
SECTION
SECTION
BEDROOM
ELEVATION
SECTION Prepared by Lai Zhi Zhen
HELIODON.
Simulation;
21st December Summer Solstice NTS
0900
Without Shading Device
1200
SECTION
SECTION
SECTION
ELEVATION
SECTION
PLAN
PLAN
ELEVATION
ELEVATION
PLAN
PLAN
ELEVATION
0400
PLAN
PLAN
ELEVATION
With Shading Device
SECTION
ELEVATION
SECTION Prepared by Lai Zhi Zhen
Co;
CO. Conclusion In conclusion, I have learnt about the shading device play an important role of the overall building which does not only provide the shade, but also the way of how user interact with the natural light, capture view and allowing the wind enter the space and even it is important to the building façade too. By understanding different method of designing the shading device, I have learnt how to achieve the balancing between aesthetic form and functional shading device. Other than that, I have learnt how important is shading device to the building especially living in this tropical climate, shading device could really help to control a good thermal comfort of the space.
Comparison between Simulation In mt observation, he method of getting the shadow casting from REVIT, CAD and by physical model has their own perks and disadvantages. Through the method of Autocad, I have learnt how to get the shadow cast by using the HAS and VSA from the collar chart on the Plan, Section and Elevation which seems very clean, tidy and accurate. However, if the shading device have different angle it is difficult to take the exact shadow in Autocad. From physical model I have did, I found that it is more experimenting to the shadow cast and the spatial quality created, but the angle of the sun penetration will not as accurate as digital. Out of 3 methods, I find Revit is the most convenient method to do the shadow casting. It also can observe the spatial quality through the 3D format and the outcome look very tidy and more accurate.
Prepared by Lai Zhi Zhen
GROUP 4C
MAN DY
Mandy Lai Ping Jie 1001747604 UCSI University
LA
I.
IN.
Introduction;
The spaces that I studied are two bedrooms that located at first floor of a double storey house in the residential housing area . The two rooms are located adjacent to each others . Both rooms are bedroom with windows . The opening that I chose is located at the Bedroom 1 . In this project , I will study about the sun path chart and also propose a shading device that suitable for diffusing like direct penetrating into the room .
1830 mm
1220 mm
Site plan
Plan & Opening Position
Bedroom 1
The opening that I chose is the window facing North . The window is located at 800mm up from the first floor level with the dimension (1830 mmx 1220 mm ). The opening is facing North , but will penetrate in most of the sunlight during afternoon and evening time compared with morning .
Bedroom 2
Floor plan Scale 1: 100
Prepared by Mandy Lai Ping Jie
S.
Stereographic;
Stereographic Sun Path Diagram
21st June
Azimuth Time Altitude
1000 1300
1600
Time
Azimuth
Altitude
HSA
VSA
1000
66° NE
28 °
66°
42 °
1300
40 ° NE
64 °
40 °
66 °
58 °
309 °/-51 °
73 °
1600
309 °/-51 ° NW
Shadow Angle Protractor
HSA =Horizontal shadow angle VSA= Vertical shadow angle
HSA Time VSA 1000 1300 1600
Prepared by Mandy Lai Ping Jie
Design Strategy Development sketches The opening is located in a bedroom , so it is important for solar control.
Elevation
Plan
Timber plate ideas
The first thought for shading device is like vertical timber plate is arranged in linear arrangement . However , angled arrangement would be more effective.
Plan
Elevation
Section
Final design 2500mm
300 mm Plan
D.
1800mm
2500mm
1800mm
300 mm
Section
Elevation
The shading device that I proposed is a vertical shading device . It is because my opening is facing north , it will be more effective by using vertical shading device compared with the horizontal shading device .The timber plates are arranged angled facing the left and right , but the middle one is arranged linear .This will be more helpful in different timing of the day . Prepared by Mandy Lai Ping Jie
CAD.
Simulation;
21st June Summer Solstic Methodology :The HSA and VSA angle data get from the calculation of sun path chart and the shadow pathway is drawn by using autocad with the specific angle .
Without Shading Device
HSA =Horizontal shadow angle VSA= Vertical shadow angle
With Shading Device
Plan
Plan
HSA= 66°
HSA= 66° HSA= 66° VSA=42°
1000
HSA= 66° VSA=42°
VSA=42°
Elevation
Section
VSA=42°
Elevation
Section
Plan
Plan
HSA= 40°
HSA= 40°
1300
HSA= 40° VSA=66°
HSA= 40° VSA=66°
VSA=66°
Elevation
Section
VSA=66°
Elevation
Plan
Plan
HSA= 51°
HSA= 51°
1600
HSA= 51° VSA=73°
HSA= 51° VSA=73°
VSA=73°
Elevation
Section
Section
VSA=73°
Elevation
Section Prepared by Mandy Lai Ping Jie
REVIT.
Simulation;
21st June Summer Solstic
Methodology :The data is collected by using Revit drawing , adjusting the sun path with specific date and time and turn on the shadow .
Without Shading Device 3D
Plan
3D
1000
Plan
With Shading Device
Elevation
Section 3D
Section Plan
3D
1300
Plan
Elevation
Elevation
Section 3D
Section Plan
3D
1600
Plan
Elevation
Elevation
Section
Elevation
Section Prepared by Mandy Lai Ping Jie
HELIODON.
Simulation;
21st June Summer Solstic
Methodology : 1:50 room model and shading device is made for the study . (Due to the situation of MCO, the data get by using phone touch light and the tripod stand to make sure consistency of the angle for each time frame .)
Without Shading Device
With Shading Device Plan
1000
Plan
Elevation
Section
Elevation
Section Plan
1300
Plan
Elevation
Section
Elevation Plan
1600
Plan
Section
Elevation
Section
Elevation
Section Prepared by Mandy Lai Ping Jie
Co;
CO. Conclusion
In conclusion , from this Project 2, I have learnt that shading device is one of the important element for the building . In the process of designing the shading device, I found out there is quite a lot of interesting and useful idea for it , and shading device is not only functioning to blocking the sunlight , shaded the space and also can act as one of the responding to site , like the view responding . For example , the shading device that block some of the views in order to channel the user to look at the views that architect would like to enhance and focus on . Besides , shading device is also an essential part for the façade design . The study of sun path ,light and shadow is very important in designing a suitable shading device for a building so that it would be efficient in solar control for the building .
Comparison Between 3 Stimulations This 3 stimulations results with some different , although the data are actually same. Autocad drawing : the shadow to be showed with specific angle Revit drawing : show much better in 3D , some limitation for details Physical model : obviously shows the result , but need to have specific equipment like HELIODON for accuracy . 10 AM
Revit
Autocad
Existing condition
Physical model
HSA= 66° VSA=42°
Plan
With shading device
Elevation
3D
Section
Plan
Elevation
HSA= 66° VSA=42°
Plan
Elevation
Section
Plan
Elevation
Section
Plan
Elevation
Section
3D
Section
Plan
Elevation
Section
Prepared by Mandy Lai Ping Jie
TAN MI
GROUP 4C
NG Tan Ming Hui 1001748103 UCSI University
HUI.
IN.
Introduction;
The study area focused on a single storey terrace houses constructed of bricks and concrete in Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia. the selected single storey terrace houses of the study are oriented facing north side. But the data collection will be focused on the kitchen window which facing south side.
Plan & Opening Position
Figure 1.1 Site Plan
Figure 1.2 Floor Plan with Highlighted Chosen Kitchen Space NO.
5
REF.
W4
LOCATION
KITCHEN
SPECIFICATION
ALUMN, FRAME CASEMENT WINDOW TO MANUF’S DETAIL
SIZE (W x H) (mm)
1220*1134
ORIENTATION
SOUTH
Table 1.1 Window Schedule
Figure 1.3 Back Elevation
Prepared by Tan Ming Hui
S.
21st
Stereographic;
Stereographic Sun Path Diagram AZIMUTH : 123⁰ ALTITUDE: 34⁰
December Latitude: 2.8758⁰ NORTH Time Zone: 21 st December (Winter Solstice) Window Orientation: South Largest HSA: 1PM Largest VSA: 3PM
AZIMUTH : 203⁰ ALTITUDE: 61⁰
Time
AZIMUTH : 149⁰ ALTITUDE: 58⁰
Azimuth
Altitude
HSA
VSA
1100
123⁰
34⁰
34⁰
44⁰
1300
149⁰
58⁰
58⁰
52⁰
1500
203⁰
61⁰
23⁰
55⁰
Shadow Angle Protractor
HSA : 34⁰ VSA : 44⁰
HSA : 23⁰ VSA : 55⁰
HSA : 58⁰ VSA : 52⁰
Prepared by Tan Ming Hui
Design Strategy
D.
Light shelves are possibly the simplest among daylighting systems; a horizontal/inclined surface which is placed on a window above eye level. Due to its position in relation to the opening, it divides the window into two parts; an upper part (clerestory) which can be considered as daylight provider and a lower one (view) window. Therefore, it can act either as a shading device which blocks excessive sunlight impinging on the working surface and if installed externally, it can reduce solar gains or as a daylighting device, bouncing off reflected sunlight usually onto the ceiling plane and pushing daylight deeper into the space. Prepared by Tan Ming Hui
CAD.
Simulation;
21st December Winter Solstice
Without Shading Device
HSA : 34⁰ VSA : 44⁰
kitchen
HSA : 58⁰ VSA : 52⁰
kitchen
HSA : 34⁰ VSA : 44⁰
1100
kitchen
With Shading Device
1300
HSA : 58⁰ VSA : 52⁰
HSA : 23⁰ VSA : 55⁰
kitchen
HSA : 23⁰ VSA : 55⁰
1500
kitchen
Prepared by Tan Ming Hui
REVIT.
Simulation;
21st December Winter Solstice
1100
Without Shading Device
PLAN
1300
ELEVATION
PLAN
1500
ELEVATION
PLAN
ELEVATION
With Shading Device
3D VIEW
SECTION
3D VIEW
SECTION
3D VIEW
SECTION
PLAN
ELEVATION
PLAN
ELEVATION
PLAN
ELEVATION
3D VIEW
SECTION
3D VIEW
SECTION
3D VIEW
SECTION
Prepared by Tan Ming Hui
HELIODON.
Simulation;
21st December Winter Solstice
1100
Without Shading Device
With Shading Device
ELEVATION
ELEVATION
PLAN
PLAN SECTION
1300
SECTION
ELEVATION
PLAN
PLAN ELEVATION SECTION
1500
SECTION
ELEVATION
ELEVATION
PLAN PLAN SECTION
SECTION
Prepared by Tan Ming Hui
Co;
CO. Conclusion As already mentioned, a light shelf is one of the simplest daylighting systems. Regardless of its ease of installation, it should be designed to suit specific demands, and this can pose a difficulty since it requires specific knowledge. STRENGHT
WEAKNESS
- Indoor lighting environment improvement. - Productivity, well-being and mood improvement. -Ease of installation.
- Require higher maintenances.
Comparison between Simulation Simulation results indicate that all 3 different times slot require one possible performance improvements: increase shading (to improve thermal performance). Since Autodesk Revit software allows a fairly good range of possibilities to analyze and visualize results, the process of shadow casted generation was notably facilitated. While drawing in AutoCAD allows us to notify the accurate angle of shadow as well as how far the light can be penetrates through. In summary, the following modification was made in each type of shading device (bearing in mind that its dimensions have minor variations depending on window size and orientation): Horizontal devices: reduction of depth and proposition of lateral extensions Light shelf: reduction of depth and addition of vertical surfaces in both sides.
Prepared by Tan Ming Hui
GROUP 4C
CA SSA
ND Choo Yee Lit 1001849555 UCSI University
RA.
IN.
Introduction;
The house is located at Kota Kinabalu, Sabah and the chosen space is master bedroom. The master bedroom is constructed together with toilet near to the entrance of the room. There are three openings can be found within the space. But the opening window chosen, it is located at the south west of the building orientation. Since the house is a semidetachable house and it is orientated opposite direction from the sun arise, it is very rare to receive direct sunlight into the chosen space. The shadow casted can only be seen during afternoon or evening.
Plan & Opening Position
SITE PLAN SCALE : NTS
SELECTED WINDOW OPENING TO BE STUDY
FIRST FLOOR PLAN SCALE 1:75
Prepared by Choo Yee lit
S.
Stereographic;
Stereographic Sun Path Diagram
10th January
Time
Azimuth
Altitude
HSA
VSA
0900
121° SE
33°
89°
88°
1300
198° SW
61°
12°
60°
1600
240° SW
30°
30°
32°
Shadow Angle Protractor
Prepared by Choo Yee lit
Design Strategy
D.
For the option one, the sun shading quite suitable if redesign in better way, but in term of price it is expensive and highly sensitive to cleaning products. As for second option, it requires more space to construct and less space for people to do maintenance since the outside area has small exposed balcony. For option 3, it is very suitable because it is reflect direct sun light into the building and very flexible to work with in terms of placement of sun shading device. Prepared by Choo Yee lit
CAD.
Simulation;
10th January Scale 1:10
With Shading Device
1600
1300
0900
Without Shading Device
Prepared by Choo Yee lit
REVIT.
Simulation;
10th January Scale 1:10
With Shading Device
1600
1300
0900
Without Shading Device
Prepared by Choo Yee lit
HELIODON.
Simulation;
10th January Scale 1:10
0900
Without Shading Device
1300
SECTION
SECTION
SECTION
ELEVATION
SECTION
PLAN
PLAN
ELEVATION
ELEVATION
PLAN
PLAN
ELEVATION
1600
PLAN
PLAN
ELEVATION
With Shading Device
SECTION
ELEVATION
SECTION
Prepared by Choo Yee lit
Co;
CO. Conclusion As an overall from this study, I learnt that casting shadow with proper measurement from sun path chart and shadow angle protractor using appropriate shading devices gives better understand how shadow can play important element when it comes to give an experience for the users who use the space in the building.
Comparison between Simulation To my observation, using Autocad and Revit to simulate the shadow casting angle is more precisely compare to Heliodon because the two good option allow to stress into one angle and time only. As for Heliodon model, it needs proper gadget to study better since it can be manipulate but still get more or less same result.
Prepared by Choo Yee lit
RE. Reference;
Lai Zhi Zhen: ArchDaily Published on May 30, 2013 retrieve from https://www.archdaily.com/378901/tony-s-organichouseplayze?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_resu lt_all
Mandy Lai Ping Jie https://architizer.com/projects/cvic-gallery/ Tan Ming Hui: Janelle Penny. Published on 1st October 2017. https://www.buildings.com/articledetails/articleid/21318/title/how-light-shelves-maximizedaylighting Published on 27th February 2020. https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Light_shelf Paula Pintos. Published on 4th August 2020. https://www.archdaily.com/944903/northwoods-houseolsonkundig?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all
Choo Yee Lit https://proteusfacades.com/benefits-perforated-metalfacade/ https://www.marlinwire.com/blog/what-are-thelimitations-of-open-area-when-making-a-perforated-metalpattern https://www.designboom.com/architecture/tainan-tungmen-holiness-church-mayu-architects-plus-taiwan-03-232017/ https://urbannext.net/tung-men-holiness-church/
https://www.johnroccosales.com/newsblog/2015/9/10/architects-top-5-advantages-of-perforatedmetal#:~:text=Perforated%20metal%20has%20a%20struct ural,supported%20by%20the%20building's%20framework . Prepared by Lai Zhi Zhen
T.
Thankyou;
Program:
Bachelor of Science (Hons) in Architecture
Course Code and Name:
AR 343 Building Science 1
Semester
2020-07
Student's Name and ID:
Lai Zhi Zhen 1001747427 Mandy Lai Ping Jie 1001747604 Tan Ming Hui 1001748103 Choo Yee Lit 1001849555
Lecturer:
Mr. Chan ChiewChuen
Date of Submission:
2 Oct 2020
Prepared by Lai Zhi Zhen