The World Within
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Class of 2015
The project journal / Class of 2015
Valunporn Sithivaraporn
00 Introduction
The World Within
00 INTRODUCTION Abstract ‘Expression’ is generally a very basic personal reaction with whatever that happen with oneself. It seems to be a general issue for people. Yet, for the patients, it is not always in the same case. Some group of patients have problem with how to express no matter what is the reason in which disability or condition made by themselves. This lead to the needs of the specific ways of expression.
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This project is a study of an alternative method to express in the simplest way for patients and people who needed to communicate what is inside their inwardness in a basic phase of expression in the artistic process in terms of therapy.
Project Journal
The World Within
Diary
Patients
Reveal
Privacy
Psychology
Innerness
Expression
Arts
Inside out
Therapy
Relieve
00 Introduction
Project Keywords
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01 Project Details
The World Within
01 PROJECT DETAIL Introductory Background
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Inspired from my personal interest when we are in the situation that we want to say something but for some reason, we really can not. Diary, is an alternative solution that influenced this problem. Some group of people prefer to write diary or left their messages in the form of text more than say it out loud or talk to somebody. According to the observation, there is a group of people who want to express themselves but they can not, no matter how much they want because of the reflection from being judge by other people. From this state, the project’s main keyword lead to be under the context of ‘expression’ which was found that it is related to the word ‘therapy‘. Expression technique is applied to use with almost kinds of psychological therapies, such as art therapy, writing therapy and etc. From this point, I realized that it is related to the very first topic which began with the object ‘diary‘ and to write the diary is a kind of therapy as well. This evokes my interest of ‘expression’ in the ‘therapy’ terms. During the process, I work through 3 specific cases of therapies, sin confession, Alcoholic Anonymous and art therapy. They were chosen by the relation which are in the same context as the diary which is a ‘secret’. I finally lead to the interest for the art therapy by the reason that art therapy is a kind of therapy that help patients understand their feeling, questions, situations of something or someone through the art.Importantly, art therapy is a method that used with or Children with special need as a treatment in order to enhance their ability. Art therapy are also being use with many kinds of patients no matter they have disorders such as Breast cancer, alcoholic or even they are the prisoners who is in the depression state to relieve their emotional pain or balance their unbalance mind by the reason that some of them can not express themselves. I’ve put myself as a patient once and then, observed them for a couple weeks. During that time, I found that if it is more difficulties to say something simple. Some of them can not express themselves by the reason of the condition affected by drawing skill. This point, push my intention to finding a method to help this group of people expressing themselves in the simplest way.
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The World Within
Initial question : Why human have to express? Hypothesis : Deeply inside human’s mind, is it ‘necessary’ to have something to support their self-expression? Driving question : How do expression and therapy work together?
01 Project Details.
Research Question
My project start with my personal interest of the object diary, which some of people use it to be a space of emotional expression. It brings up the question ‘why we have to express?’. After research and analysis, I come up with the hypothesis ‘‘Deeply inside human’s mind, is it ‘necessary’ to have something supported their self-expression?’. This stage branches out to the keyword ‘therapy’ afterwards and evokes the questions about the relationship between expression and therapy which has been driven my project up to the current stage.
Aims/Objectives of the project My aim is to find an alternative method that reduce difficulty of inexpressible patients.
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02 Intellectual Framework
The World Within
02 INTELLECTUAL FRAMEWORK My project aims begin with my personal interest when we are in the situation that we want to say something but for some reason, we really can not. This key idea leads to the very first question that ‘Why human have to express?‘ which directly guided me to the keyword ‘expression’. Expression is the a ct of saying what you t hink or showing how you feel using words or actions. (Cambridge Dictionaries Online, 2016) It is something that expresses or communicates which is one’s manner of expresses, especially in speaking, depicting, or performing. It is The outward manifestation of a mood or a disposition. During the research, I found that there is a relationship between ‘expression‘ and ‘therapy’. Expression is applied to be a part of almost kinds of psychological therapies. (Carol Vivyan, 2009). I realized that these 2 keywords related with the object ‘diary‘ which is my project beginning object. From the observation, ‘Diary’ is a personal object people used to recall and express memories which has a strong sense of ‘secret’. On another hand, To write the diary is also a kind of therapy.
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“According to the Center for Journal Therapy, it is the “the purposeful and intentional use of reflective writing to further mental, physical,emotional, and spiritual health and wellness.” Though there are few professionals who specialize solely in journal therapy, many psychotherapists incorporate therapeutic journal writing into their treatment.” (Noah Rubinstein, a licensed marriage and family therapist) According to the connection to this object, I finally came up with 3 specific case studies of therapy which under the same context of ‘secret’ as same as a diary; sin confession, Alcoholic Anonymous and art therapy.
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02 Intellectual Framework
During the art therapy research stage, I found that art therapy has been used with children with special needs as a way of therapy. “special needs is a term used in clinical diagnostic and functional development to describe individuals who require assistance for disabilities that may be medical, mental, or psychological” (AFSN, 2013). “For instance, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and theInternational Classification of Diseases 9th edition both give guidelines for clinical diagnosis. Types of special needs vary in severity.” (Reynolds, C. R., & Gutkin, T. B. (1999)). In each kind is branch out into many small cases. Each child is different so, they have different behaviors. We could realize their symptom by observing them. However, some behavior could not indicate that they are disable or not. We need psychologist or expertise in this field to diagnose their symptom in order to find the way to cure them. So, they can improve their quality of life. (Asst.Prof.DR. Chusri Suwan, 2013) Apart form the research above, by the observation (a group therapy), the client’s drawing evokes the word ‘doodle’. This lead me to the question that what exactly the drawing painted by patients is? ‘Drawing’, ‘sketching’ or ‘doodling’? And what was the different between them. I found that, Drawing is creating a picture on paper usually a completed piece that a lot of time is put into. Sketching is a rough or unfinished picture. Doodling is a lighthearted picture, done with little intent or absentminded. It’s an uncommitted drawing (Traditional illustrator & b.a. in digital animation, 2014). From to the keyword ‘absentminded’ of doodle, I found something interested in the quote of Helen South, drawing and sketching expert. She said “Doodling is also an outlet for frustrated artistic expression.”
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Besides, as M.Farouk Radwan, a blogger who works in a psychology field (MSc, PhD), mentioned in his articles about ‘Doodles Interpretation And Psychological Analysis’ that “everything that you do in life leaves traces of your personality traits and of your INNER WORLD’’ as same as doodle which he believe that every single doodle has its own hidden message which reflected innerness of who drawing it.
I found an article written by Cathy Malchiodi, an expressive art therapist. She mentioned about the Talks of Sunni Brown. According to Brown’s words “doodling refers to unconscious and unfocused drawing made while otherwise occupied”. Machiodi did not think that is always the case. To her, “doodling is purposeful action that more than mindlessness.” From the emphirical knowledge, she found that they often find ‘self-soothing in their mark- making’. Malchiodi apply doodling to use with her patients in the procedure of art therapy. There are also many of art therapists use this technique as a treatment by the reason that “all those shapes and lines allow the subconscious mind to express itself. Much about the inner life can be revealed though doodling” (Shelley Klammer, a counseling therapist, 2013).
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PHRASE I
03 Methodology.
03 METHOD / PROCEDURES
I initiate my progress with three specific cases of therapy which are sin confession, Alcoholic Anonymous and art therapy. Alcoholic Anonymous “GOD, grant me the serenity to accept the things I cannot change, Courage to change the things I can, and the wisdom to know the difference.” -- The Serenity Prayer (Reinhold Niebuhr, 1934) The first case, an Alcoholic Anonymous. I began my process by took an action to Alcoholic Anonymous. It’s an organization that aims to solve the problem of alcohol addicted by using a group therapy as a method. This kind of therapy runs by patient-selves (everyone in the group). Patience may solve their common problem and help others to recover from alcoholism by talking to each other, keep discussing about everything with the open-minded attitude through dependency needs. They can speak anything, even a terrible story, a ridiculous experience or a secret. To make more understandable the therapy provided a space of free speech. That means they are not going to be judged, controled and manipulated but be trusted to each other. As I have mentioned that the therapy was driven by the patience but it does not mean that all the members cannot stop drinking alcohol at that time. I found a man who often attends to the group for more than 20 years ago. His purpose is to help other people and make awareness not to drink alcohol at the same time by follow the quote “No alcohol, just day by day and no first glass” (Richards, I. (1997). To Bed at Noon the Life and Art of Maurice Duggan. (p. 337)). 03 01 06
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Sin confession The second case, a sin confession. I went to Assumption Cathedral to study more about it. Sin confesstion is a christian rite which is very important. To do a sin confession Catholics or Christians must have sincereness to reveal their guilt. They must be ready to rectify and be honest with their intention. However, the sin lustration has not been done, the Christian have to pray and participate the rites aswell.
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The confession procedure occur in a small couple room stuck by each other. The priest and Christian will talk to each other through the small window without face to face. In Christianity, the priest is the representative of Jesus in role of an evangelist. This point reminded me a sense of diary which is somehow a representative of an imaginary friend or something else. These both things have a strong point of ‘privacy’ but the different is the sin confession is a kind of Christianity rite which is under the context of religion so, it is much more about belief and instead of self-expression. From the interviewed, people said ‘confess the sin is not a way to relieve their stress but it is more like to sincerely accept their mistake’. So, people confess the sin with the priest to relieve their unexpressed emotion or sin ( in the religion terms.). In my opinion, confess the sin also had a sense of treatment. Nevertheless, me , as the outsider, still think that it is another way to relieve their suppressed emotion anyway.
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The room for the Christian.
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Art therapy The third case, an art therapy. I begin to do a practical research by visited a few of therapists to collect the information. From empirical knowledge, the art therapist explained that art therapy is the science of treating individuals with mental and emotional problems, especially with those who cannot convey their thoughts into words, have a problem maintaining good relationship with one another, anorexia, or physical disabilities. The therapy would help petients balances their ‘unbalanced mind’. So, the treatment could be used with all ages of people no matter they are alcoholic, drug addiction or even a prisoner who is suffering from the depression. The art work will allow them to express their inner-self. In addition to the use in therapy, arts are also used to diagnose patients. Psychologists can do diagnosis by analyzing from the expression of the patients. Art therapy will helps patients understand their feeling, questions, situations of something or someone through the art process with various kind of medium. The therapy works with human unconscious, which is directly related to experience and our mindset since we were 6-12 years. That makes some of decision-making repeats in the same pattern without noticed. It is affect to our naturally individual such as, which kind of people we are, how we decide, what are we going to do or ‘our action or reaction’ to something.” In this stage, I finally decide to focus on the art therapy since it is a kind of therapy which can be used with the children with special needs.
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During the therapy process, there are 2 keywords the therapists stick to. They are ‘explore’ and ‘express’, which is working simultaneously. In the whole process, they require 4 steps, as follow; -Therapist will explore patient’s feeling or problem within their mind by talking and give him/her a comfortable space. -Patient express him/herself through the arts. -Therapist and patient will explore what is happening in the work, the meaning behind those elements. -Patient will introspect to find the answer or to understand the
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feeling or question they have. In this stage, patient is going to know more about him/herself. However, they have to feel secure in order to express themselves as well. A therapist need to talk to them so they feel trusted and comfort. By using words that would not shut the patients’ thoughts and giving freedom to speak without judging, the patients will feel comfortable to talk. An important core of a treatment is that every procedure has to be proceeded with a therapist going side by side with the patients (not taking the lead or staying behind) so the patients feel safe and know that they have someone to depend on. By human nature of expression, the space is necessary. In this case, the therapists provide a SPACE of though to the patients by using arts to make them get better and better. The space is in terms of everything not just art. It can be human, animals, objects, places or even atmosphere. The therapist said “we generally give a space to patients, besides, for normal people, they have to give a space for themselves too.”. This is the most basic rule of self- expression.
I visited the therapist in the role of patient to approach the process by myself. First of all, the therapist talked to me about what ever in my daily life to build up an intimacy, comfort feeling and made me focus on my mind for a moment. After that the therapist would dig deeper to things I’ve said by focus on my negative ‘important words’ or ‘key words’ to started question or to build a conversation between us. In every steps of therapy, I was suggested to draw and draw along side with being asked by the therapist. What I was suggested to draw is about anything I was thinking and things I would like to express through any kind of medium that I would loved to: watercolors, pencil colors, markers, stickers or whatever.
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In the picture, there are some hidden messages without our noticed. Some elements come from our conscious. The way therapist approach us would drag out the underneath messages that patients did not intend to draw. It is very interesting when some of very little details that nobody realized become a place that secret messages hidden by.
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During the art therapy process with an art therapist, Ms.Prachayaporn Vorananta - an art instructor and facilitator
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Through the observation, I found that it really helps patient to understand his/herself step by step through drawing technique (way of expression). The important thing is the conversation between patient and therapist, who builds up a flow conversation without any guidance to the patients. During the method, the procedure proceed steps by steps. The therapist is not going to rushed or use the words that contained a meaning that ‘I want your answer’, so the patient is not necessary to trying their hard to answer some question at that moment but Therapist will lead him/her to find it afterword.
Here is the diagram of picture guideline for therapist, divided by each side of paper; Top, bottom, left and right.
Spiritual
Mom or female relationship
Dad or male relationship
Subcoscious
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The picture guideline talks about the meaning in each position that patients draw on the paper. It means that position is also influence the interpretation of drawing aswell. The top position is about the spiritual. The bottom is unconscious. The Left side is about female relationship or mother. The right side is about male relationship or father. Besides that, some picture could also be an indication of the hidden messages, for example, the sun and the moon which sometimes represent father and mother.
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These are my drawing during the therapy procedure.
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I went to observe patients by participated in a group therapy at Ratchawithi Hospital as a staff. I branched out the art therapist action in the other context which is not children with special needs. They are normal patients who carry cancer that are in the state of depression. From this problem, the art therapist helped them through the therapy session.
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Most of them drew pictures of home with their families inside, garden, car and places that they want to go as the way these places are their comfort zone.
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Form the analysis, I found that expression is not that easy for the patients. Some can not express because of their their selfproblem that comes from disability, and some made condition up by themselves. Some people are not comfortable to draw because they do not have skills to draw. The research point out the problem of how patients express themselves and raise my attention to solve it. That leads me concern more about how could patient express themselves in a easy and be able change their aspect to think expressing is not that difficult thing. All those thing I’ve experienced drive me working to find an alternative way of expression in a simplest way for the patients who needed to express their innerness through the starting kit which contains two elements : shapes and colors. According to the observation (a group therapy), the client’s drawing evokes the word ‘doodle’ which is finally become a part of shapes exploration stage.
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PHRASE II During the time I was doing an action research, I did the visual experiment along side.
After I spend a few weeks for Alcoholic Anonymous (AA) case, I’ve done some of visual experiments with the visual evidences I collected which are the sound recorders.
I edited a piece of sound represented key idea of AA that every voice affect to everyone that participated in the group by using echo technique.
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**already permitted by all of the participants.
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The visual experiment comes from a man’s words during the meeting, which I had recorded and try to translated into the from of text in both understandable and not understandable ways.
03 Methodology.
I developed the work to explore more medium by using a typewriter, which prepared a result of messages concealment.
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After, I keep experimenting with the typewriter. What interesting was its system in language terms which contain two steps. First, we need to change to language plate, then change the language mode on the keyboard which is related to the plate we use. So, I played with this function by experimenting how the system works; text in Thai mode but use English plate. Text in English mode but use Thai plate and etc.
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I apply this medium with my concept by let the patients use it to interpret their subjective issue.
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This experiment based on the AA members which I asked them to express themselves directly into a typewriter in non-understandable form.
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The experiment is based on my friend whom I know that she share similar problem of expression.
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PHRASE III During the research about art therapy. I went to observe patients by participated in a group therapy. I’ve found the relativity between the drawing that patience have been created with the style of drawing. It's called doodle. Doodle a technique that many art therapists use as a method for the reason that Shelley Klammer(a counseling therapist) said: “ all those shapes and lines allow the subconscious mind to express itself”. Since doodle is a new word pops-up in my research. I expand it a bit further
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The visual experiment I’ve done according to those research is I combined doodles and the type setting, which I tried to fit them on keyboard. I call it ‘expression set’.
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Line stroke
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C
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Pencil stroke
A
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A set of dingbats representes 26 alphabets. Each alphabet inspired from a randomly number of doodles.
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Sketches \
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This is an experiment I’ve tried to interpret some of my personal issue using this expression set.
I'm you moreactually than youlike think.
today i went to tomtom pk at Charoennakorn to do some work with P New I offer him to come and help me do an video usage of my product. it is some how not reach my ex pectation but for the mock up it is ok for that hur sometimes it is very boring sitting rght here i have to wating for the time everything finished and im gonna be free from this huge trap nino im boring.
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nino
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pk Huakuay yang nee mai chai puen kun frd rao dai kerd ma pen tee mai djai tor wa kunjeb pai laew kao jon cha mun pen yung ngai ru. seuk muen don hurt kao mak jai. ma ta lord mg mai gu rork waluek mun luek hiealaew kae nhai rao lhaeng. khun bab arai kun yu me. rueng ne dai everyday but I still not get used to it.ofjing laew what kind friend are we.on mun du sincere but the other hand it but is fake. I'm sincere the reason I haveIto fake is because greng jai you somuch. That makes I'm not br myself that much.
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Graphic Stock
Due to the result of the digbats set is not works well. It cannot be used with the patients but only normal people. So I developed my work more easy to understand and surve the needs in terms of communication. I come up with a ‘new’ expression set which still inspired by doodle.
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ICON SET
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Selected Icon
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Grouping
Set 1 Set 2
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During this stage, I found a problem that the more icon s are clear, the more they block the imaginations, especially with the children case. They might remember those icons as a symbol and it might dig deep into their memory without the intentions. To solve this problem, I decided to push the elements set more further.
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Elements set
The element set was classified as three categories; line, shape and texture. It comes from the idea of the seven elements of art which features a line, shape, space, value, form, texture and colour.
Lines Shapes
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After I branch out my way into another direction. I come up with the meduim of rubber stamp set by the reason that. It has a strong sence of touch. According to the idea of seven elements of art, rubber stamp has a capability to control the value(brightness and darkness of colour.). Importantly, Stamping technique is easy to approach. This kind of technique does not require many stage to explore. So, it would be easy for the target group. It is also meets the needs of my aim and objective which is to find an alternative method that reduce difficulty of inexpressible patients in the simplest way.
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Sample set testing
I went to test the sample set of stamp with the children who require a special need to observed the posibility of the potential. In each children, they faced different problems such as Autistic, ADHD (Children with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders), Children with Behaviorally and Emotional Disorders, and Childen with delayed Development. Most of them understand how to use it but the different is ‘how’ they use. The way they react with the stamps exites me. Some kids could use the stamp set beyond my expectation in the creativity way. At the same time, some could not reach the goal. They cannot link the lines, shapes and texture into a picture very well. That points out both good and bad points which I should concern more about: 1. Size was not various enough. Enlargement of the sizes could broaden the children’s imagination. 2. Some element worked verywell and some were not working well. 3. Texture is interesting. It should be developed more further. 4. Size of the ink pad sholud be larger.
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Development of the Graphic Stock
Lines
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Shapes
PatternPattern
Drawing Drawing
Solid Brush Solid Brush
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Pattern Pattern
Drawing Drawing
Textures
Solid brush Solid Brush
Nature texture Natural texture
Texture Brush Texture brush
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The final outcome
The expression set is grouping into three sets of rubber stamps classified by size. All three sets working under three categories of simple elements which are lines, shapes and texture. In a set, there are ink pads included which has four different colours. All these would help patients in expanding their imagination more further to communicate with the therapist. So, the patients are allowed to used it freely to express their innerworld.
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4 cm.
4 cm.
3 cm.
3 cm.
2.5 cm.
2.5 cm.
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04 Discovery
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04 DISCOVERY For the information from the starting point to this stage I have been involved my content under the keyword ‘Expression’ along side with ‘Art therapy’, I found that expression is a very important thing for our life. We live with it unitedly since we were born. Expression is somehow not a big issue for some people, yet it is such a very important thing for their life. There is a group of people who needs a specific ways of expression by various reasons, from disabilities to people who is suffering in the depression stage. By the conditions I have mentioned, expression is needed for them. So, that art therapy takes an action in this field as a treatment to balance their unbalanced mind and can live normally, as it should be.
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The espression set was brought to test for the children with special needs. I found that the patients can express in various way, but not every techniques suit them. Consequently, using art as a medium in this therapy is another way to express (in stead of the words, action, facial expression)so that it helps the patients to communicate their thought from inside out. What interesting is the linked of each elements which interpret a story in their inner world. On the other hand, those colourful pictures might be the front layer which magically covered up the hidden meanings at the same time. However, this point is actually an assumption that has been disscussed. Nobody knows the answer, yet only the patient.
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Expression. (n.d.) Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014. (1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014).
05 References
05 REFERENCE
Expression. (2016). In Http://dictionary.cambridge.org. Retrieved from http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/expression Klammer, S. (n.d.). Expressive Art Inspirations. Retrieved from http:// intuitivecreativity.typepad.com/expressiveartinspirations/100-arttherapy-exercises.html Malchiodi, C. (2014, January 13). Doodling Your Way to a More Mindful Life. Retrieved from https://www.psychologytoday.com/ blog/arts-and-health/201401/doodling-your-way-more-mindful-life Radwan, M. F. (n.d.). Doodles Interpretation And Psychological Analysis | 2KnowMySelf. Retrieved fromhttp://www.2knowmyself. com/Doodles_analysis_psychology/doodles_interpretation_ personality Reynolds, C. R., & Gutkin, T. B. (1999). The handbook of school psychology. New York: Wiley. Rubinstein, N. (2015, February 07). About GoodTherapy.org. Retrieved from http://www.goodtherapy.org/about-us.html South, H. (2014, December 17). Deciphering Doodles: How to Find the Meaning of Your Scribbles. Retrieved from http://drawsketch. about.com/cs/tipsandideas/a/doodle_2.htm Suwan, C. (2013). เด็กพิเศษ (Children with special needs) [Editorial]. Http://edu.crru.ac.th/. Retrieved from http://edu.crru.ac.th/chusri56/ เด็กพิเศษ.pdf
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Vivyan, C. (2019). An Introductory Self-Help Course in Cognitive Behavior Therapy [Scholarly project]. In Http://www.dbtselfhelp. com/. Retrieved from http://www.dbtselfhelp.com/selfhelpcourse. pdf
The World Within
SPECIAL THANKS Teema Muekthong Advisor
Prachayaporn Vorananta Voratananchai Voraprada Co-advisor
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Jumpol Chinaprapath, Dr. Pimpanit Condee, Nong Fairy , Nong Sunshine, Nong Toh Tay, Nong Payu, Nong Kon Tay , Nong Mud Mhee, Nong Gung, Nong P Zee, Nong Lek, Nong Ton Ruk, Nong Carrot, Nong Mario, Nong Mheng, Nong Haad Sai, Nong Klom, Nong Kor Pai, Nong Sarun, Nong Third, Nong Cookie Run, Nong Kuea, Nong Dan, Nong Artid, Nong B-James, Nong Ben, Nong Sara, Nong Nam wan , Nong Ball, Nong Fah Sai, Khun Tuk Ta, Nong Black Jack, Nong Saharut , Nong Kawin, Nong Ton Ton, Nong Ann, Nong Aryan, Nong Nan, Nong Pete, Nong Fah, Nong Maprang, Nong Peem, Nong Som , Nong Aoom, Nong Mew, Nong Nut, Nong Beam, Nong Set, Nong Pete, Nong Mag, Nong Ben, Nong Nat
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