January/February 2014 z Volume 95 z Issue 1
The official publication of the Pennsylvania Pharmacists Association
American Pharmacists Month 2013:
PRSRT STD U.S. POSTAGE PAID HARRISBURG PA PERMIT NO 533
Commemorating the Profession
www.papharmacists.com
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PPA Board of Directors PPA Officers: President: J. Scott Miskovsky, RPh President-Elect: Eric R. Esterbrook, RPh First Vice President: Donna Hazel, RPh Second Vice President: Eric Pusey, RPh, CDE Immediate Past President: Robert B. Frankil, RPh Regional Directors: Central: Northeast: Jonathan D. Ference, PharmD, BCPS Northwest: Elliott Cook, PharmD, BCPS Southeast: Nick Leon, PharmD, BCPS, BCACP Southwest: Lauren Simko, PharmD Academy Directors: Academy of Alternative Pharmacy Practice: Jamie McConaha, PharmD Academy of Pharmacy Technicians: Patrick Purcell, CPhT Academy of Chain Pharmacists: Stephanie Harriman McGrath, PharmD Academy of Community Pharmacists: Martin J. Kendra, RPh Academy of Health System Pharmacists: Richard Demers, RPh, MS, FASHP Academy of Long Term Care and Consultant Pharmacists: Brant Gahr, RPh Academy of Pharmacy Industry Association: Todd Eury Academy of Student Pharmacists: Kyle McCormick PPA Office Staff: CEO: Patricia A. Epple, CAE pepple@papharmacists.com Communications Coordinator: Erica Brandt ebrandt@papharmacists.com Membership Coordinator: Corey Wenger cwenger@papharmacists.com Program Coordinator: Sara Powers spowers@papharmacists.com Government Relations Manager: Donald L. Smith, III dsmith@papharmacists.com
Ext. 3
Pennsylvania pharmacists will be recognized, engaged, and fairly compensated as health-care providers.
Our Mission
The Pennsylvania Pharmacists Association, as the leading voice of pharmacy, promotes the profession through advocacy, education, and communication to enhance patient care and public health.
Pennsylvania
Departments
MAGAZINE
Message from the President . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Member News . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 New Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Calendar of Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Campus Checkup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Ext. 2 Ext. 1 Ext. 4 Ext. 6
Pennsylvania Pharmacists Association (PPA) 508 North Third Street, Harrisburg, PA 17101 (717) 234-6151 Fax: (717) 236-1618 www.papharmacists.com ppa@papharmacists.com www.facebook.com/PAPharmacy www.twitter.com/papharmacists Pennsylvania Pharmacist (ISSN 0031-4633) is the official publication of the Pennsylvania Pharmaceutical Association d/b/a Pennsylvania Pharmacists Association and is published every other month, six times per year. Annual subscription is $100 for non-members; for members it is included in the annual dues. Editorial information should be addressed to the PPA address listed above. Peer reviewed articles accepted according to the stated guidelines available from PPA. Editorial Board: Tara L. Pummer, PharmD, Chairman Hershey S. Bell, M.D., M.S., FAAFP Stephanie Smith Cooney, PharmD Bernard Graham, PhD Brian S. Plager, RPh, MBA Associate Editor: Erica Brandt Editor/Manager: Pat Epple Published by: Graphtech Sarah DiCello, Publications Manager (717) 238-5751 sarah@thinkgraphtech.com For Advertising Information: Alexis Kierce, Account Manager (717) 238-5751 alexis@thinkgraphtech.com Designed by: Graphtech Pharmacist State Board of Pharmacy Members: Gayle A. Cotchen, PharmD, MBA – Institutional Janet Hart, RPh – Community Chain Pauline Montgomery, RPh – Community Independent Theresa M. Talbott, RPh – Community Chain Mark J. Zilner, RPh – Community Independent 2014 Board of Pharmacy Meeting Dates: January 21, 2014 February 18, 2014 March 18, 2014 April 15, 2014 May 13, 2014 June 10, 2014 July 8, 2014 August 12, 2014 September 16, 2014
Our Vision
Features Profiles in Pharmacy Innovation: Jonathan Ference, PharmD, BCPS . . . 11 Community Pharmacy Spotlight: Fino’s Pharmacy-Generations of Serving the Community! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Association News My Rotation with Pennsylvania Pharmacists Association . . . . . . . . . . 15 PPA Member Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Call for Award Nominations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Call for Nominations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Introducing the 10 under 10 Awards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 PPA’s 2014 Legislative Day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 PPA Mid-Year Conference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Pharmacy Technician Corner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 American Pharmacists Month Celebration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Announcing PREP: Pre-Residency Excellence Program . . . . . . . . . . 40
Industry News National Poison Prevention Week . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Journal Interprofessional Education: An Overview and Implications for Pharmacy Preceptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
On the Cover: from top: Wilkes Students at Media Day in New York City held during American Pharmacists Month; Two photos featuring Rite Aid Pharmacy #10909 at the Wellness Event in Honor of American Pharmacists Month; LECOM Students Raising Awareness at Walmart in honor of American Pharmacists Month; LECOM Students at a Health Fair in honor of American Pharmacists Month.
Pennsylvania Pharmacist I January/February 2014 I 3
Departments
J. Scott Miskovsky, RPh PPA President 2013–2014
Message from the President
I
would like to take this opportunity to wish all of our members, their families, and friends of pharmacy a happy and healthy New Year. This would be a good time to pause for a moment and reflect upon all the wonderful opportunities our profession has afforded us. We have truly been blessed and we have many thanks to give. We at PPA have had a very good year. Just a few examples to note would be, implementation of Act 207, a very successful Legislative Day, growing attendance and participation at our Mid-Year and Annual Convention, continued legislative progress and staffing for our emerging PPCN program.
Looking ahead, in the upcoming year we still have much work to do. Our focus will be on our legislative efforts which currently include Fair Audits, PBM Transparency and expansion of our immunization opportunities. Please be mindful that these initiatives are grassroots efforts and we need as many people as possible to respond to any Call to Action. With your continued support we anticipate success on all of these items. Be aware that there are other sponsored bills that are currently active that could affect our profession. These include Controlled Substance Database and Biosimilars. We are very aware of these bills and are watching them
closely. We will keep you posted with any new developments. Of course membership is always a main focus, so please be mindful and inform any new staff or associates of the many benefits of PPA. Perhaps a resolution for the New Year would be to sponsor at least one new member. Upcoming events include our Mid-Year Convention at the Omni Bedford Springs Resort January 23–26th and Legislative Day in Harrisburg April 2nd. See you there... & don’t forget to check out our Facebook page and Twitter account for updates! z J. Scott Miskovsky RPh President
Pennsylvania Pharmacist I January/February 2014 I 5
Thank You to Our Corporate Partners These companies support PPA activities throughout the year.
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Your Local Specialist Jim Beatty, R.Ph. jimb@buy-sellapharmacy.com Tel: 1-(732)-563-0295
3. DO NOT engage in conversations, information sharing or negotiations with ANY buyer without professional representation, particularly if contemplating a sale to a chain. Thirteen years of experience selling pharmacies has shown us time after time that direct engagement rarely—if ever—gets the independent owner the best price or the best deal.
Completely confidential!
1-(877)-360-0095 www.buy-sellapharmacy.com
Departments
Member News PCAB is proud to announce the accreditation of the following pharmacy: Hazle Compounding, LLC Hazleton, PA Bill Spear, RPh wlspear@hazlecompounding.com Initial Accreditation of Non-Sterile Compounding
McCracken Pharmacy
M
cCracken Pharmacy was featured in NCPA’s America’s Pharmacist August 2013 issue with A Healthy Injection, pg. 27. To view this issue, NCPA members can log in to the NCPA website. z
Value Specialty Pharmacy Receives URAC Full Specialty Pharmacy Accreditation
V
PPA Board Member Elliott Cook Featured
alue Specialty Pharmacy announced that it has been awarded a Full Specialty Pharmacy Accreditation from URAC, a Washington, DC-based health care accrediting organization that establishes quality standards for the health care industry. URAC’s Specialty Pharmacy Accreditation provides an external validation of excellence in Specialty Pharmacy Management and provides Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) oriented processes that improve operations and enhance compliance. It also helps to assist in preparing for regulatory compliance. “Value Specialty Pharmacy is committed to providing the highest quality health services to our patients, and this Full Specialty Pharmacy Accreditation speaks to the commitment that we have to that goal”, said Greg Drew, President of Value Drug Company and Value Specialty Pharmacy. “As we continue our work to provide broad based community access to specialty pharmacy services, and promote the role of the independent community pharmacist as a member of the health care team, this significant recognition is a critical step in our growth”. Value Specialty Pharmacy, located in Duncansville, PA is a wholly owned subsidiary of Value Drug Company of Altoona, PA. z
G
. Elliott Cook, PharmD, a 2006 graduate of the LECOM School of Pharmacy, PPA Member and PPA Board of Director for the Northwest Region, recently co-authored an article, “Dietary Supplementation in Children and Adolescents,” in JAMA Pediatrics, a peer-reviewed journal. The article noted that many consumers are unaware that dietary supplements are not subject to the same premarket review and approval process, by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, as are pharmaceuticals. In addition, the article noted that dietary supplement companies are not always in compliance with current good manufacturing practices. As a result, the authors, Cook and Michael Madden concluded that some supplements may not provide the amount of dietary supplement listed on their labels. z
Pennsylvania Pharmacist I January/February 2014 I 7
Departments
New Members
P
PA welcomes the following New Members who joined the association October 3, 2013 December 3, 2013. Please make these new members feel welcome and part of Pennsylvania pharmacy! Active Pharmacist Andrea R. Pfalzgraf Duquesne University – Mylan School of Pharmacy Pittsburgh John R. DeJames Giant Eagle Pittsburgh David C Denicola Gerrity’s Pharmacy Keiser Pittston Michael Thomas Evans CVS Caremark Blue Bell Anthony M. Ferri Rite Aid Pittsburgh
Megan Proper Rite Aid Clymer Renee M. Richardson Giant Eagle Pharmacy Pittsburgh Nicholas Joseph Cantiello Giant Pharmacy Conshohocken
Technician Tina Gulick Millennium Pharmacy Systems Hatfield Karen Elaine Russo Annville
Tech Student
Daria Helen Gallagher Medicap Pharmacy Moscow
Ebony S Williams Erie
Craig A Hinden Accredo Health Group Warrendale
Claire M. Caracciolo Philadelphia College of Pharmacy at USP Philadlphia
Christan J. Nyweide NASH Pharmacy Services at Chautauqua County Home Brocton
Abigail Gregg Cranberry Twp
Jennifer Patson CVS Pharmacy Towanda Eric Lee Perry New Castle William Galson Port Richmond Pharmacy Philadelphia Adam Michael MacLasco University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh
Resident
Student Duquesne University Mylan School of Pharmacy Heather Opal Lauren Nicole Osgood LECOM Rudolf A Achiri Sarah Adeniran-Obe Ashley Allender Esther Baah Jennifer Barlekoff Leonora Mia Caparas Victoria Cercone Zack Chakra Cory Christianson Kendra Delibert Lyndsie Delprato Katie Dennick Duc Doan
Matthew Dreher Anthony D’Urso Elaina Farah Devin Fernandez Ryan Fitzmaurice Corinn Floyd Kevin Michael Fusselman Graham Garcia Lindsay Gasper Jisha George Ahmad Ghrouf Tejla Giles Amanda Grim Joshua Harold Ian Hatlee Izetta Henry Misti Horner Manpreet Kaur Deborah Mannhaupt Robyn Moodt Janine Naim Michelle Naymick Tracey Nicks Mili Patel Ashley Ramp Colleen Rogers Ashley Sanders Nicolina Sirna Tersea Still Emily Supenia Emily Taylor Abrha Teka Jason Walker Emily Windoft Jennifer Wisen Honore Yonti Ohio Northern University Marqui Eileen Milford Philadelphia College of Pharmacy at USP Joyce Jung Breanna Kester Andrew Gary Sloskey University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy Ashley Firm Brittney Knass Meera Vachhani Wilkes University Nesbitt College of Pharmacy Erika Green Kristen Lopatofsky Kelsey Noss Anthony Possanza Letitia N Warunek
We sincerely thank everyone who has helped recruit a member and for helping make PPA stronger!
z
Calendar of Events January 15-19 ACPE Board of Directors Meeting San Antonio, TX 23 Pharmacy-Based Immunization Delivery 23-26 PPA Mid-Year Conference 24 PPA Foundation Board 26 PPA Board of Directors February 5-8 IACP Educational Conference Ft. Lauderdale, FL 2/28-3/2 GRASP Weekend March 28-29 NASPA Spring Meeting Orlando, FL (Held in conjunction with the APhA Annual Meeting) 28-31 APhA Annual Meeting Orlando, FL 29 Pennsylvania Pharmacy Reception at APhA Orlando, FL April 2-4 AMCP Annual Meeting Tampa, FL 26-29 NACDS Annual Meeting Scottsdale, AZ May 5-8 NCPDP Annual Conference Phoenix, AZ 8 PPA Board of Directors 17-20 NABP Annual Meeting Phoenix, AZ 31-June 4 ASHP Summer Meeting Las Vegas, NV For additional events and PPA committee meetings, be sure to see our Calendar of Events on the PPA website!
Pennsylvania Pharmacist I January/February 2014 I 9
Departments Duquesne Students Travel to D.C.! Over 160 PY2 students from the Mylan School of Pharmacy at Duquesne University traveled to Washington, D.C. to meet with lawmakers on October 30, 2013. The students were exposed to one of the most important aspects of any profession: advocacy! The orchestrator of the trip, faculty member Janet Astle, RPh, said, “This is the second year our PY2 class took a trip to Capitol Hill. The first year was overwhelmingly successful and this year marked another successful trip. The trip provided students the opportunity to participate in legislative visits and allowed them to appreciate their role in shaping their future profession.” “Many students who had exposure to advocacy as part of the first class trip subsequently participated in PPA’s Legislative Day at the State Capitol,” said Astle. The Pennsylvania Pharmacists Association encourages students to become active in advocacy throughout their time in pharmacy school and beyond. Participating in class trips to Washington, D.C. or Harrisburg provides a wonderful opportunity for students to learn about issues that will affect them professionally outside of the classroom.
Students Participate in River City Festival! The River City Festival is held each year in the Fishtown section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Students enrolled in the Doctor of Pharmacy program participated for the fourth year in a row on Saturday, October 5, 2013. The students were invited to participate as part of Hahnemann University Hospital’s “Wellness Tent.” Five students in their fourth professional-year from the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy (University of the Sciences) participated in educating festival-goers about a variety of healthcare topics. The students are seen in the picture to the left.
from left to right, Samantha Bryant, Kyle Flannery, Brian Nguyen (standing), Judy Parks and Vivi Jung.
LECOM Students Celebrate Receipt of Public Relations Award! Included to right is a picture of Doctor of Pharmacy students from the Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine with the PPA Public Relations Award. The students are (left to right) Julie Tuck, Alexander Covey, Beth Miller, Christopher Sedgwick and Paulina Trzcinka.
University of Pittsburgh Students Host Affordable Care Act Presentation! Pitt’s PPA Chapter, in coordination with the Student National Pharmaceutical Association, hosted a presentation on the Affordable Care Act and provider status for pharmacists. Dr. Melissa McGivney, Assistant Dean of Community Partnerships at the University of Pittsburgh, and Pat Epple, CEO of the Pennsylvania Pharmacists Association, talked about how the Act affects community pharmacy practice, the importance of pharmacists receiving provider status and Pennsylvania’s legislative issues relevant to the profession. 10 I Pennsylvania Pharmacist I January/February 2014
Features
Profiles in Pharmacy Innovation: Jonathan Ference, PharmD, BCPS Name of Pharmacist:
Northeastern Pennsylvania.
Jonathan Ference, PharmD, BCPS
Education:
Innovative Services provided:
I support the services provided by providing a referral based out patient MTM clinic and disease state management clinic. The length of clinic visits varies on a patient-by-patient basis. We see patients anywhere between 6-12 months as we adjust medications with physician collaboration. I also serve as a consult for the inpatient team Dr. Ference’s advice in addition to my for others is that colleague, Dr. Bohan.
Wilkes University Nesbitt School of Pharmacy ’03; UPMC St. Margaret Family Medicine Residency Program ’03-04; University of Oklahoma Faculty Leadership Fellowship Program Fellow ’06-07
Practice site: The Wright Center for Graduate Medical Education – Family Medicine Residency Program in Kingston, PA. In addition to serving in family medicine, Dr. Jon Ference is an associate professor at Wilkes University Nesbitt School of Pharmacy.
collaborative practice is needed whether it is with a physician, physician assistant, or a certified nurse practitioner.
Description: The Wright Center for Graduate Medical Education provides inpatient and outpatient primary care services. The center offers residency and fellowship programs for post graduate education to deliver patient-centered care in
Why Dr. Ference chose to continue his education to advance pharmacy practice:
I wanted to go into teaching. A residency provided me with the skills necessary to teach. I also find family medicine enjoyable and it offers great variety. In family medicine I am able to teach different populations and disease states while helping my patients obtain an improved quality of life.
Collaborative practice is needed whether it is with a physician, physician assistant, or a certified nurse practitioner. Develop and feel confident in your interpersonal communication skills to better integrate yourself within the healthcare team. z
Contact Info: Jonathan Ference jonathan.ference@wilkes.edu Compiled By: Courtney B. Graham,
Advice for others:
PharmD Candidate 2014 Wilkes University
Pennsylvania Pharmacist I January/February 2014 I 11
Features Community Pharmacy Spotlight
Fino’s Pharmacy—Generations of Serving the Community! By: Courtney B. Graham, PharmD Candidate 2014 Wilkes University School of Pharmacy
F
ino’s Pharmacy located in the heart of Dallas, PA, has served the community since the early 1960’s. The building itself has been around since the late 1800’s and has been the home to three different pharmacies. It first hosted Norton’s Pharmacy and later Kuehn’s Pharmacy. Dominic Fino Sr. purchased the pharmacy in 1963 after he worked as a pharmacist in his father’s pharmacy. With his education and mentorship from his father, Dominic added modern pharmacy practice to his traditional values for success throughout the years. Fino’s Pharmacy recently celebrated a great accomplishment, their 50th Anniversary!
With two generations of pharmacists it was only fitting that Dominic’s son, Mike Fino, became a pharmacist. Mike Fino graduated from Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, his father’s alma mater. “I am proud to be a pharmacist. I just happened to be lucky that I was born into a family of pharmacists, where I learned about pharmacy at a young age”, said Mike Fino. Currently, Dominic Sr., Mike, and Dominic Jr., work at their pharmacy in Dallas to provide quality care in the community. The pharmacy provides a
L to R Dominic Fino Jr., Dominic ‘Bob’ Fino Sr., and Mike Fino
variety of services including, weekly medicine planners, medication delivery to the Back Mountain area, and special orders just to name a few. Fino’s specializes in animal compounding, specialty compounding as well as the individualized bio-identical hormone replacement therapy. This provides a great opportunity to fill a niche within the pharmacy community in the area. Fino’s Pharmacy works with physicians and other healthcare providers to formulate a product based on individual needs. With 50 years of service, Fino’s Pharmacy has continued to be involved in their community. The
12 I Pennsylvania Pharmacist I January/February 2014
pharmacy has provided patient education, attended brown bag events at local senior centers, and assisted financially in other community events. Additionally, Mike Fino is a preceptor for students at Wilkes University. Student pharmacists at different levels of their pharmacy career visit Fino’s for introductory and advanced pharmacy practice experiences. Mike had the opportunity to learn from his father who learned Mike’s grandfather and wishes to share those experiences. He has a passion for educating students to help students claim their own independence. Working at an independent
Features pharmacy allows Mike the ability to cultivate student’s pharmacy skills and provide them with real world experiences, knowledge in compounding, patient counseling and other pharmacy responsibilities. Fino’s also encourages and supervises patient education events held by student pharmacists. With the burdens of low reimbursement rates and pressures of mail order pharmacy, the owner of Fino’s Pharmacy continues to stay positive and creative when increasing business opportunities to serve the community. On the other hand, there are many benefits to owning a pharmacy. One of the benefits are the close relationships you gain with your customers. Mike says, “It is a business, however I view the pharmacy as a practice. We know our customers by name. We do not have pharmacist floaters. This allows our patients to feel at home.” Fino’s Pharmacy creates a family atmosphere while providing individualized services with a personal touch. z
Above: Fino’s Pharmacy Right: Fino’s Pharmacy Compounding Room
Interview with Mike Fino, RPh During your career, what do you believe to be the single most significant advancement in pharmacy? A pharmacist having a more clinical role is a huge step forward. We are becoming more available than ever before. We are evolving in the right way and I hope as a profession, we continue to do so. Where would you like to see the profession go in 10 years? In 10 years, I hope to see the profession continue to be optimistic and evolve in a positive way for the patients. I would also like to see the continued unity in the pharmacy profession. Advice for future pharmacists… Do not forget your heritage and where pharmacy has evolved from and to continue to build upon your knowledge for a bright future!
Pennsylvania Pharmacist I January/February 2014 I 13
You Youhave haveearned earnedrespect. respect. Our Ourmanagement managementteam teamgives givesyou youthe the recognition recognitionand andsupport supportyou youdeserve. deserve.
The Rite Aid team includes pharmacists at at allall levels of of management who understand the needs of of The Rite Aid team includes pharmacists levels management who understand the needs the profession and recognize your unique contribution. WeWe reward performance with competitive the profession and recognize your unique contribution. reward performance with competitive salaries and benefi ts ts throughout your career. And you’ll have the support of of certifi eded technicians toto salaries and benefi throughout your career. And you’ll have the support certifi technicians give you more time toto devote toto your patients’ health. give you more time devote your patients’ health.
The Theprofessionalism, professionalism,integrity integrityand andskill skillofofour ourpharmacists pharmacistsand andtechnicians technicianshave have helped make Rite Aid one ofof the nation’s leading drug store chains. helped make Rite Aid one the nation’s leading drug store chains.
ToTolearn visit learnmore, more, visitususatatwww.riteaid.com www.riteaid.comororcall call1-800-345-9444. 1-800-345-9444. Rite Aid Corporation • 30 Hunter Lane • Camp Hill, PAPA 17011 • Fax 717-731-3860 Rite Aid Corporation • 30 Hunter Lane • Camp Hill, 17011 • Fax 717-731-3860 Employment Opportunities Line • 1-800-345-9444 • www.recruit@riteaid.com Employment Opportunities Line • 1-800-345-9444 • www.recruit@riteaid.com Equal Opportunity Employer Equal Opportunity Employer
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Association News
My Rotation with Pennsylvania Pharmacists Association Courtney B. Graham, PharmD Candidate 2014 Wilkes University
M
y rotation with the Pennsylvania Pharmacists Association was an experience nothing short of incredible. I have been an active student member for a few years, and have enjoyed the opportunities made available to me through my involvement with PPA. Currently, I serve as the Recording Secretary on the Student Advisory Board. Through my involvement in the association I had a basic knowledge of the association’s structure. This rotation is not your typical patient care rotation. Instead, I was exposed to the intricate details needed for the success of an organization. Pat Epple, our association’s CEO, works with the Board of Directors to develop and execute our strategic plan. She creates valuable relationships between other state and national organizations among other day-to-day responsibilities. It is important for the CEO to guide the association to reach its goals while keeping the organization’s vision and mission in mind. I was able to attend regulatory
meetings and committee calls to discuss key pharmacy issues. In addition to this, I attended the Board of Directors meeting at the Annual Conference, which allowed me the opportunity to discover the importance of collaboration between different disciplines in the field of pharmacy. Unlike many conferences I have previously attended, this year’s Annual Conference was different. When I arrived for my rotation I immediately began helping with conference preparation. I did not realize the large efforts that are needed for a successful conference. During the conference I helped with registration, CE set-up, and preparation for other conference events. Much of what I learned was from Erica Brandt, the Communications Coordinator, who planned the conference details. The Communications Coordinator promotes the association and updates the members with current pharmacy issues through email bulletins, the PPA website, and social media. It was a pleasure
working with Erica. I helped update the website, made social media postings, and wrote a few articles for the Pennsylvania Pharmacist publication. It was an exciting time to be involved with public relations since October is American Pharmacists Month. In addition to this, I enjoyed working with Erica’s conference programing counterpart, Sara Powers, the Program Coordinator. Sara and I reviewed the details of the ACPE requirements for the continuing education (CE) programs provided at the Continued on page 16
Pennsylvania Pharmacist I January/February 2014 I 15
Association News On Rotation with PPA
Continued from page 15
conferences. It gave me a new appreciation for CE programing and how it takes a detail-oriented person like Sara to be up for the task. Some of the ideas for continuing education originate from new issues in pharmacy practice. However, the membership also communicates with Sara to decide what types of CE are developed. Sara is also in charge of many of the daily financial processes. During my time at PPA, she was able to explain the financial aspects of the association. Membership is clearly a necessity for an association to remain in existence. After working with Corey Wenger, Membership Coordinator, I realized he has an indispensible role within PPA. Not only does Corey process new members and develop membership recruitment strategies; he is a vital asset to the Academy of Student Pharmacists.
With Corey’s mentorship, I learned the membership database, helped with membership recruitment mailings and assisted with the monthly student e-newsletter. During my time as a student member I attended the Annual Pharmacy Legislative Day in Harrisburg. I enjoyed meeting with my district Representative and Senator to share my support of current pharmacy issues affecting the day-to-day practices of pharmacy. In 2011, I completed the PPA GRASP program to develop my skills in advocacy, so I was very excited for the opportunity to work with Don Smith, our Government Relations Manager. I enjoyed sharing my perspective as a student pharmacist when I attended legislative meetings with Don. He also helped me understand the political process in greater depth. I had the chance
Tony Hayslip, ABR/AREP 713-829-7570 Tony@RxBrokerage.com
to independently schedule visits with my district Senator and Representative. I truly feel I am making a difference in my profession and I hope to inspire others to become involved as an advocate. The mission of the Pennsylvania Pharmacists Association is to promote the profession through advocacy, education, and communication to enhance patient care and public health. I experienced how dedicated the staff is to promote our mission. PPA provides you with the tools and resources necessary to share ideas, advocate for the profession, and participate in continuing education. Thank you to the PPA staff for the opportunity to participate in the PPA elective rotation. I look forward to a bright future in the pharmacy profession as an active association member and pharmacy advocate! z
Ernie Zost, RPH 727-415-3659 Ernie@RxBrokerage.com
Association News
PPA Member Services
S
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their marketing needs. Retailers can purchase a subscription to gain access to all of these features. Learn more at www.snapretail.com. As a PPA Member, Snap Retail offers:
In fact, Energy Plus is collaborating with PPA to transform and enliven the experience of using electricity. Energy Plus has an offer for PPA members that will not only enable you to power your business, but also earn rewards for doing so. When you enroll your business with Energy Plus, you will receive a $50 Activation Bonus after two months of active service and 5% Cash Back annually on the supply portion of your electric bill. You can even enroll your home’s electric account for a $25 Activation Bonus and 3% Cash Back on the supply portion of your annual electric bill. Stop missing out on what you deserve and start earning Cash Back rewards with Energy Plus.* Enrolling with Energy Plus is easy. There are no monthly
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service fees, cancellation fees, or long-term commitments. In fact, nothing about the way your electricity service is delivered will change. Your utility company will continue to deliver your electricity, mail your bill, read your meter and handle any service emergencies. Energy Plus makes using electricity an exciting and worthwhile experience. To be eligible, you need a service address in Pennsylvania that is within our service area. z
Enroll your business today! *Terms and Conditions apply. See important disclosures and our Terms of Service for full details, which can be found online at www.energypluscompany.com
Pennsylvania Pharmacist I January/February 2014 I 17
PPA’s Awards Committee is seeking nominations for several prestigious association awards that are presented annually during the Association’s Annual Conference which will be held September 18 to 21, 2014 at the Four Points Pittsburgh North in Mars, PA. Many pharmacists currently practicing in Pennsylvania are excellent candidates for these awards; individuals whose contributions have made pharmacy a better profession for all of us. Below is a list of the awards and criteria for selection of the award recipient for each. Criteria for all awards A nominee must be a current member of PPA to be considered. For all awards except those noted with an *, nominees must be a licensed Pennsylvania pharmacist. All nominations will be held on file and eligible for consideration for 3 years. Bowl of Hygeia Award Sponsored by the American Pharmacists Association Foundation and the National Alliance of State Pharmacy Associations (NASPA) with support from Boehringer Ingelheim
Granted to recognize and honor a Pennsylvania pharmacist who has demonstrated sustained commitment to community service, apart from his/her specific identification as a pharmacist, which reflects well on the profession of pharmacy. Specific Award Eligibility: Nominee must not be currently serving or have served in the Nominee must be living; awards are not presented last two (2) years as a member of PPA awards committee, an posthumously. elected PPA officer or a paid employee of PPA. Nominee must not be a past recipient of the award.
PPA Pharmacist of the Year Award
Presented to a pharmacist who has demonstrated dedication to the profession of pharmacy, contributed time and effort to the various professional organizations, furthered the profession of pharmacy through community service and embodied those qualities of attitude and leadership which exemplified the profession.
George S. Maggio Memorial Award
Presented to the pharmacist who has contributed the most to pharmacy in Pennsylvania through his/her work in the area of third party relations.
NASPA Excellence in Innovation Award sponsored by Upsher-Smith Laboratories, Inc.
Recognizes a pharmacist who is involved in an innovative pharmacy practice resulting in improved patient care. The nomination must include a description of the innovative pharmacy practice which would qualify the recipient for this award. . George H. Searight Community Service Award* Presented to an individual who has shown outstanding devotion and service to PPA, and his/her own county or local association, and for outstanding community service which has enhanced the image of the profession of pharmacy within his/her community. This award may be presented to a pharmacist or a non-pharmacist.
Cardinal Health Generation Rx Champions Award sponsored by the Cardinal Health Foundation
This award honors a pharmacist who has demonstrated outstanding commitment to raising awareness of the dangers of prescription drug abuse among the general public and among the pharmacy community. The award is also intended to encourage educational prevention efforts aimed at patients, youth, and other members of the community.
Pharmacists Mutual Insurance Companies “Distinguished Young Pharmacist” Award
Recognizes new pharmacists for their dedication to and participation in PPA, commitment to the practice of pharmacy, and involvement in community activities. Minimum selection criteria: Licensed to practice for nine years or less. Has distinguished themselves in the field of pharmacy practice. Participated in national pharmacy association(s), professional programs, PPA activities and/or community service.
Preceptor of the Year
This is the fifth year for this award and it has a separate nomination form for students to use. Nominees must be PPA members, must be a preceptor for a Pennsylvania pharmacy practice site, and must be nominated by a PPA Student Member.
Pharmacy Technician of the Year*
Presented to an individual who has at least 2 years of experience working as a pharmacy technician in any pharmacy setting, who has demonstrated a professional attitude at their place of employment, and who has shown leadership in the training of their technicians in their practice settings.
J. Allen Duffield - Pharmaceutical Industry Award*
Presented to an individual who is associated with the pharmaceutical industry or other pharmacy associated/related business or service, who has contributed time, effort, commitment, and supported and participated in the activities and programs of PPA and who has, through his/her affiliation with the company and industry he/she represents, contributed to the betterment of the profession of pharmacy.
10 Under 10 Awards
This award, presented every three years, recognizes the top ten pharmacists practicing for less than ten years that demonstrate commitment to advancing the profession, involvement in PPA or other pharmacy associations, and/or service to their community. Nominees must have graduated from pharmacy school within the past ten years.
Nominate a deserving individual for an award and recognize them for all they do for the pharmacy profession!
Find the nomination form at www.papharmacists.com/awards
Association News
Call for Nominations Nominations Being Accepted for PPA Officers and Members of the Board of Directors The following positions are available: President Elect, First Vice President and Second Vice President • Regional Directors – Northeast, Southwest, and Central Regions Academy Directors – Academy of Community Pharmacists, Academy of Chain Pharmacists, Academy of Pharmacy Technicians, and Academy of Student Pharmacists
Help lead your profession and pharmacy forward! OFFICERS PPA’s Nominating Committee is seeking nominations from our membership for the officer positions of President Elect, First Vice President, and Second Vice President. This is a great opportunity to help lead the profession. Candidates for the office of President Elect and First Vice President must be Active (Pharmacist, Retired, or Life) members of PPA. Candidates for the office of Second Vice President may be either Active members or Associate members of the Association. Job descriptions for officer positions and the Board may be found by clicking on the respective position at http://www.papharmacists.com/Board. REGIONAL DIRECTORS PPA is also seeking pharmacists interested in serving as the regional director for their region. The position is a two-year term and individuals are
eligible to serve two consecutive terms. The Director serves on the PPA Board of Directors and generally represents that region. PPA is comprised of five regions and this year the regions that are up for election are: Northeast, Southwest, and Central. To see what areas comprise a region – please go to http://www.papharmacists.com/Regions. ACADEMY DIRECTORS The Nominating Committee also needs individuals willing to lead their practice setting through their Academy. A Director is needed for each Academy up for election this year. Terms are two years and individuals may serve two consecutive terms, except for the Academy of Student Pharmacists, which is a one year term. The Director serves on the PPA Board of Directors. The following Academies are electing officers this year: Community, Chain, Pharmacy Technicians, and Students.
Any individual member or group of members may nominate someone for consideration. However, prior to submitting a nomination, the individual’s consent must be secured. Individuals may also nominate themselves. All nominations are to be received at the PPA Office by Monday, March 10, 2014. Letters/faxes/emails of nomination should be sent to: Pennsylvania Pharmacists Association, 508 North Third Street, Harrisburg, PA 17101-1199, Attention: Nominating Committee or faxed to 717-236-1618. They may also be sent to the general PPA email to the committee’s attention, ppa@ papharmacists.com. Nominations may initially be a simple statement of interest. Candidates will then be requested to submit photos, additional information, and bios or CVs.
American Pharmacy Services Corporation (APSC) Independent Pharmacy Cooperative
By joining APSC you will: • Synergize your “voice” with the “voices” of your colleagues for stronger legislative representation • Have access to industry leading drug pricing and a transparent rebate structure • Receive dividends and purchasing rebates on your prime vendor purchases • Have access to many educational programs and services including a variety of CE opportunities
Visit our website to learn more about our programs and services. WWW.APSCNET.COM
APSC is the resource for you!
P: 1-800-928-2228 • F: 502-695-9912 • Email: apsc@apscnet.com
102 Enterprise Drive, Frankfort, Kentucky 40601
Association News
Introducing the 10 Under 10 Awards 10 Awards! Ten pharmacists who have been practicing for ten years or less will be recognized for their commitment to the profession, involvement in PPA and/or other pharmacy associations, and service to their community.
Recipients will be announced in a future issue of the Pennsylvania Pharmacist and recognized at the Leadership & Awards Dinner at PPA’s 2014 Annual Conference. To maintain the prestige of these
awards and to afford sufficient opportunities for recognition, the 10 Under 10 Awards will only be presented every three years. Find the nomination form at www. papharmacists.com/awards. z
Mark Your Calendar And
PPA’s 2014 Legislative Day
Save the Date!
Wednesday, April 2, 2014
Calling All Pennsylvania Pharmacists ~ Students ~ Pharmacy Technicians Come make your mark and impact pharmacy’s future! You have a voice. You can make a difference. Join us as we march on the Capitol! More information will be available soon, on our website, Facebook, and Twitter. Or contact PPA Government Relations Manager, Don Smith at dsmith@papharmacists.com or (717) 234-6151, ext. 102
20 I Pennsylvania Pharmacist I January/February 2014
PPA 2014 Mid-Year Conference Pharmacy: The Next Generation Omni Bedford Springs Resort, Bedford, PA January 23-26, 2014 Registration for PPA’s 2014 Mid-Year Conference is open! The Conference will Feature: -Pharmacy-Based Immunization Delivery on Thursday, January 23 -Annual Student OTC Competition...Get Ready to Cheer on Your Favorite School! -Know Pain Know Gain Competition! -Student Posters for CE Credit! -Continuing Education Programs, Technician Programming and Student Programming -Social Events Including: Welcome Reception and Kick-off Celebration, Pharmargaritaville and Social Hour with PPA! -The PPA Educational Foundation Auction!
FOR MORE INFORMATION AND TO REGISTER VISIT: WWW.PAPHARMACISTS.COM/MIDYEAR
Association News
Pharmacy Technician Corner: Legislative Update and Mid-Year Conference Programming Pharmacy Technician Legislation Update Legislation has been introduced in the Senate and in the House of Representatives which would provide for registration of pharmacy technicians within the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania is one of seven states that do not have any registration requirements for pharmacy technicians. SB 574, sponsored by Senator John Rafferty (R-Montgomery), would require pharmacy technicians to register annually with the State Board of Pharmacy and to
submit a criminal history and background check. SB 574 also would require pharmacy technicians to complete a board-approved training program and also be at least seventeen years of age. SB 574 currently resides in the Senate Consumer Protection and Professional Licensure Committee and has six co-sponsors. HB 370, sponsored by Representative Tony DeLuca (D-Allegheny), would require additional onerous standards. Some of those standards include: examination requirements, board approved training require-
ments, continuing education requirements, a temporary one-year trainee permit while completing a trainee program and grandfathering for proof of practice for at least two years, or if a certification by a nationally recognized pharmacy technician association is maintained. HB 370 currently resides in the House Professional Licensure Committee and has seven co-sponsors. PPA supports the concept of having pharmacy technicians register with the State Board of Pharmacy!
Conference Technician Programming The upcoming 2014 Mid-Year Conference will feature 9.5 hours of CE programming for pharmacy technicians!
Friday, January 24
($20 for PPA members)
Grab Some Pharmacy R and R (Rules and Regulations) – 2 hours * Meets law requirements for certification renewal! Conducting Community Pharmacy Based Research – 1 hour
Best Practices: Balancing Patient Care and Dispensing in Community Pharmacy Practice – 1.5 hours
Saturday, January 25 ($48 for PPA members)
The Role of the Pharmacy Technician in Transitions of Care in a Community Pharmacy – 1 hour The Pharmacy Technician and Leadership: What is my Responsibility? – 1 hour
22 I Pennsylvania Pharmacist I January/February 2014
Implementation of a Pharmacy Concierge Program at a Major Medical Center – 1 hour Impact of Social Media on Pharmacy Practice in an Institutional Setting – 1 hour Providing Patient Care in Multicultural Communities – 1 hour z
Find more information and register today at www.papharmacists.com/midyear.
Poison Prevention Information! National Poison Prevention Week: March 16-22, 2014 Tool Kits YOU Can Share About Poison Prevention! Poisonprevention.org has a variety of materials to share about poison prevention. When visiting the website, click the Materials link on the left to access this information. Two tools of interest to pharmacists are: -Up and Away and Out of Sight- an educational program to inform families about safe medicine storage -Locked Up Poisons- a guide to prevent children from gaining access to harmful medicines and household chemicals To download the tools and learn more visit www.poisonprevention.org/materials.htm Tips YOU Can Share About Poison Prevention! Remind patients to: Read medicine labels carefully before each use and follow the directions. This applies to over-the-counter medicines, prescriptions and vitamins.
Never mix medicines and alcohol.
Never “borrow” a friend’s medicine or take old medicine. Katy’s Kids:
Katy’s Kids is a program developed by the Iowa Pharmacy Association to teach children, between kindergarten and second grade, about medicine safety and proper medication use. Katy’s Kids can be used to improve children’s awareness and understand the use of medicine. If you are interested in making a Katy’s Kids presentation or learning more about this program, contact Erica Brandt at ebrandt@papharmacists.com.
To reach your local Poison Control Center call 1-800-222-1222. Additional information about Poison Prevention can be found on the American Association of Poison Control Centers website, aapcc.wordpress.com.
Association News
American Pharmacists Month Celebration! American Pharmacists Month was celebrated in October 2013 and PPA thanks everyone who shared their stories and photos with us! These stories and photos are just a few examples of ways our members celebrated American Pharmacists Month. Thank you to the PPA Public Relations Committee for their promotion of American Pharmacists Month and the Tweet-a-thon held in conjunction with American Pharmacists Month! In addition to this, the Public Relations Committee released multiple news releases in October which can all be found on the PPA website under Communications, Archived News Releases.
Lackawanna County Pharmacy Association placed a billboard in conjunction with American Pharmacists Month.
PPA Member Michael Dejos submitted a variety of photos for his work during American Pharmacists Month. He is pictured with Pennsylvania State Representative James Roebuck (left photo) and Pennsylvania State Representative Nicholas A. Micozzie (right photo). He was also able to get a proclamation out for hospital pharmacists and hospital pharmacy week. It is Pennsylvania Senate Resolution Number 234.
Health Care Solutions of Delaware Valley celebrated American Pharmacists Month by offering special services and presentations throughout October. The medication consulting firm made appearances at multiple health fairs including the Watkins Senior Center Health Fair on October 17, and First Baptist Church of Oakeola Health Fair on October 20. In addition to appearing at local health fairs, HCS provided presentations on safe medication use at the Chester Senior Center on October 16, and various churches in the region. The purpose of these educational programs was to educate the public on methods to prevent the dangerous consequences of not taking medications correctly. Redner’s Pharmacy celebrated American Pharmacists Month by creating a special advertisement.
24 I Pennsylvania Pharmacist I January/February 2014
Rite Aid Pharmacy #10909 held a Wellness Event on Saturday October 5th to celebrate American Pharmacists Month and it was a success! The event was staffed by Rite Aid employees, including pharmacist Stephanie McGrath, Community Pharmacy Resident Kristine Ossman and students from the University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy and School of Nursing. Rite Aid had health screenings and kid-friendly activities, including vision screenings, medication safety education, healthy snack “compounding” and pumpkin decorating. The event successfully engaged the community and helped to share what pharmacists contribute to public health.
Association News
LECOM Students at a Health Fair and Heart Walk
Rite Aid Pharmacy #10909 Wellness Event
LECOM students celebrated American Pharmacists Month by rotating through Walmart for the month to promote health topics and participated in a Health Fair and the American Heart Walk. The University of Pittsburgh PPA Chapter celebrated American Pharmacists Month in a number of ways in October. Students took to the web throughout the month, promoting the profession on different social media outlets and posted daily pharmacy facts on Twitter and Facebook in coordination with their APhA-ASP chapter. On October 3rd, members and faculty took to Twitter to share the impact pharmacists have on patients’ lives for the NCPA national Tweet-A-thon. The Pitt PPA Chapter paired with APhA-ASP, SSHP and the School of Pharmacy to host Dr. William Shrank, a physician from Harvard University and Brigham and Women’s Hospital and previous Director of Evaluation for the Innovation Center within CMS. He talked about the impact of poor medication adherence on the healthcare system and the pharmacist’s role in improving adherence.
Continued on page 26
Pennsylvania Pharmacist I January/February 2014 I 25
Association News American Pharmacist Month
Continued from page 23
Wilkes University went to the Today Show in NYC and attended Media Day held during American Pharmacists Month.
Wilkes Students at Media Day
PPA Member Courtney Graham, while on rotation with PPA, wrote, in celebration of the month: Pharmacists— An asset to patients and other healthcare professionals! American Pharmacists Month (APhM) is a month dedicated to pharmacists. During APhM we promote the vital role pharmacists provide. Pharmacists are medication experts who are accessible and trusting healthcare professionals for patients. Community Pharmacists are an essential link between hospital and home healthcare while meeting the daily needs of their patients. Patients may need prescriptions filled, counseled, vaccinations, and healthcare related questions answered. All of these needs can be met in the community setting by a pharmacist. In a hospital setting, pharmacists can assist physicians and other professionals on the healthcare team with medication questions regarding dosing, safety, and drug interactions! As a student pharmacist, the month of October (APhM) is an exciting time to educate the community about the roles and importance of pharmacists. Pharmacist’s Media Day is held annually in New York City. The purpose of Media Day is to promote pharmacists and APhM to morning news shows in hopes to reach a larger community. Social media is another way to reach even broader groups of people. An example was this year’s NCPA Tweeta-thon held on Media Day, October 3rd,
26 I Pennsylvania Pharmacist I January/February 2014
2013. Pharmacists, student pharmacists, and supporters of pharmacy used the twitter platform to tweet about pharmacists using the hash-tag pharmacist (#pharmacist). The successful twitter event leaves us with the anticipation of next year’s use of social media. Pharmacists are valuable medication experts for the community and as part of the healthcare team. It is wonderful to share that message during the entire month of October! “I was happy I had the opportunity to attend Media Day in previous years. The Tweet-a-thon held on Media Day this year was not only a great way to extend our promotion of the value of pharmacists , but it also allowed others to participate in Media Day efforts if they were not able to travel to NYC.”—Courtney B. Graham, Student Pharmacist We thank everyone for participating and sharing their stories about the pharmacy profession and American Pharmacist Month with PPA! z
Journal
Interprofessional Article Head GoesEducation: Here An Overview and Implications for Pharmacy Preceptors Edward F. Foote, PharmD1; Susan Meyer, PhD2; Janet Astle, BS Pharm, EdD3; Theresa Scaramastro, BS4; and Elena M. Umland, PharmD5
Corresponding Author: Edward F. Foote, PharmD, FCCP, BCPS Professor and Chair, Department of Pharmacy Practice Nesbitt College of Pharmacy and Nursing Wilkes University Wilkes-Barre, PA, 18766 570-408-4290 (v) 570-408-7729 (f) edward.foote@wilkes.edu
Introduction Funding, conflict of Interest and presentation statement The authors have no perceived or real conflict of interest. There was no funding for this project. Some of the information in this paper may have been presented, in part, in other venues.
Keywords Interprofessional Education, Pharmacy, Precepting, Accreditation
Acknowledgements The authors wish to acknowledge Ms. Barbara Nanstiel, MS, AHIP for her careful review of the paper and editorial suggestions.
T
he World Health Organization (WHO) defines interprofessional education (IPE) as a process that “occurs when students from two or more professions learn about, from, and with each other to enable effective collaboration and improve health outcomes.�1 The core element of IPE is that learners from different professions are engaged with each other during their training programs. Although IPE may occur in the classroom, it more commonly
and authentically happens in simulations, professional laboratories and, most importantly, the experiential setting. We believe it is the experiential settings in which students have the greatest opportunity to learn from each other and grow from these interactions. Although the concept of IPE has been around for decades, there has been a tremendous increase in the implementation and evaluation of IPE in health care education in recent years. Issues related to patient safety, poor quality of care, and a perceived lack of patient-
Pennsylvania Pharmacist I January/February 2014 I 27
Journal centeredness in the health care system are driving the shift towards IPE.2 The ultimate goal of IPE (and the correlated interprofessional care [IPC]) is to enhance patient outcomes. In order for IPE to be successfully implemented, educational programs for health care professionals in the U.S. and worldwide must drive a paradigm shift. Historically, such programs have offered training in silos where each profession interacts solely with members of its own discipline. A shift toward IPE will likely be a difficult, potentially painful experience encompassing years. Although there is no agreedupon endpoint for IPE, the call for action is clear. The profession of pharmacy has been a leader in the IPE movement in the U.S. Since experiential learning should include opportunities for IPE, it is imperative that all pharmacy preceptors have a broad understanding of IPE and its importance in contemporary health care education. In addition, preceptors must be familiar with techniques to implement IPE in the experiential setting. A series of three articles in the Pennsylvania Pharmacist on the topic is planned. This article, the first, will provide an overview of IPE, including some of the drivers of IPE; identification of common resources; and suggestions for incorporation of interprofessional activities into the practice experiences. The second article will describe strategies and activities employed by
Pennsylvania schools of pharmacy to incorporate IPE into their programs. The final article in the series will highlight practitioners in Pennsylvania who practice in an interprofessional, patient-centered environment.
Overview of Interprofessional Education and Interprofessional Collaborative Care While clearly part of the contemporary dialogue, IPE and collaborative, team-based health care and health care delivery are not new concepts. In 1972, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) convened leaders from medicine, pharmacy, nursing, dentistry, and allied health to consider why and how health care teamwork might be taught across the health professions. The resulting report, Educating for the Health Team, recommended that health professions’ education programs prepare students for teamwork and that educational institutions “relate interdisciplinary education to the
28 I Pennsylvania Pharmacist I January/February 2014
practical requirements of health care.” 3 Conversations related to the current health care environment in the US often focus on achieving the “Triple Aim” for an optimized health care system. First articulated by the Institute for Healthcare Improvement, the three goals of the Triple Aim are to 1) improve the patient care experience; 2) improve the health of communities and populations; and 3) reduce the per capita cost of health care.4 Questions considered at the that first IOM conference are still relevant in this era of health care reform and guide the development of strategies to achieve the Triple Aim. It is the interface between health professions education and health care delivery systems where many are concentrating efforts and resources. In addition to the long-standing focus on IPE and practice in the US by the IOM, and more recently by the American Interprofessional Health Collaborative (AIHC), the field was advanced earlier in other global regions by the Centre for the Advancement of Interprofessional Education
Journal (CAIPE) in the UK, the Australasian Interprofessional Practice and Education Network (AIPPEN), the European Interprofessional Practice and Education Network (EIPEN), and the Canadian Interprofessional Health Collaborative (CIHC). Recognizing health and health care as global considerations and that a qualified health care workforce is a global concern, in 2010 the World Health Organization (WHO) published a comprehensive analysis and guidance Framework to inform policy development, educational program design, and implementation of collaborative practice models.5 A year later, an independent commission of 20 leaders in health care drawn from across the world published a report on transforming education to strengthen health systems in an interdependent world.6 Recommendations, emanating from a recent conference on transforming patient care, recognize that improving the US health care system and achieving the Triple Aim will require a deliberate and synergistic alignment of health professions’ education programs with clinical practice.7 The research and development agenda outlined in the recommendations fall into five broad areas: 1. Patient, family and community engagement in the design, implementation, and evaluation of improvement efforts. 2. Development of innovative models to more explicitly link interprofessional education and collaborative practice. 3. Reform across the educational
continuum of health care professionals, from prelicensure education to continuing professional development, to incorporate interprofessional learning opportunities and skills necessary to deliver effective team-based care. 4. Modification of standards and practices in health professions’ education (i.e., accreditation standards and guidelines) and in practice (i.e., regulations that permit health care providers to function at the fullest extent of their training). 5. Dedication of resources to facilitate the development, implementation, evaluation, and sustainability of new models for interprofessional education and collaborative, team-based practice. Recognizing that no one profession can achieve interprofessional expectations alone, new structures have emerged to facilitate the achievement of stated visions for practice and education and the interface between them. Six health professions’ education organizations, including the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP), joined together in 2011 to address the development and implementation of models for interprofessional education focused on the preparation of a collaborationready health care workforce. The Interprofessional Education Collaborative (IPEC) published
competencies deemed critical to the capability of new graduates to function effectively as members of collaborative health care teams.8 Organized into four domains (values and ethics, roles and responsibilities, interprofessional communication, and teams and teamwork), 38 behavioral expectations now guide the development of educational experiences, both in the classroom and clinical education environments. In 2012, the US Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) committed $4M over five years through a cooperative agreement with the University of Minnesota Academic Health Center to establish the National Center for Interprofessional Practice and Education. The goals for the National Center reflect the Triple Aim and initial efforts are focused on strengthening the alignment between health professions’ education and health care practice. Advancing the field of interprofessional practice and education through evidence-based program development can be achieved through the use of strong metrics and evaluation processes that are designed to identify successful educational practices and models of integrated care delivery.
Accreditation and Interprofessional Education Changes in pharmacy education to prepare PharmD graduates
Pennsylvania Pharmacist I January/February 2014 I 29
Journal to participate effectively as members of interprofessional health care teams were stimulated a decade ago by the IOM’s vision for health professions education in the twenty-first century: All health professionals should be educated to deliver patientcentered care as members of an interdisciplinary team,
emphasizing evidence-based practice, quality improvement approaches, and informatics. 9 And while the thrust for IPE began with large, umbrella organizations such as the WHO and the IOM, assurance for quality IPE, which enables the future delivery of high quality, patient-centered collaborative
care, falls to the individual education and training programs for each of the health professions and their accrediting bodies. Specifically related to pharmacy education, curriculum guidance documents, such as AACP’s Center for the Advancement of Pharmacy Education (CAPE) 2013 Educational Outcomes10,11; profession-wide strategic goals,
Table 1 IPE-related Statements in ACPE accreditation standards and Appendix C Standard Guideline 1: College or School Mission 1.6:
The college or school’s values should include a stated commitment and goals to a culture that, in general, respects and:…promotes development of interprofessional learning and collaborative practice in didactic and experiential education.
3: Evaluation of Achievement 3.2:
In general, the evaluation plan should describe the:…desired outcomes of Mission and Goals of the college of school’s mission and goals, including the educational program(s), research and other scholarly activities, professional and community service, interprofessional education, and pharmacy practice programs…
6: College or School and 6.1: other Administrative Relationships
The relationships, collaborations, and partnerships should advance the desired outcomes of the college or school’s mission and goals including student learning, research and other scholarly activities, professional and community service, interprofessional education, and pharmacy practice programs.
7: College or School 7.2: In general, the responsibilities of the administrative leaders – Organization and individually or collectively – should include:…..developing and Governance evaluating interprofessional education and practice opportunities…. 8: Qualifications and Responsibilities of the Dean
The dean must have the authority and be responsible for ensuring:… collaborative efforts to develop, implement, evaluate, and enhance interprofessional education, practice, service, and research programs….
Appendix C
The pharmacy practice experiences should:….require active participation and patient care responsibilities, in a progressive fashion, designed to develop the practice skills, judgment, professional behavior, attitudes and values, confidence, and personal responsibility needed for each student to embark on an independent and collaborative practice.
30 I Pennsylvania Pharmacist I January/February 2014
Journal such as the Joint Commission of Pharmacy Practitioners’ (JCPP) Vision for Pharmacy Practice in 201512; and the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE) Standards and Guidelines for the Accreditation of Programs Leading to the Doctor of Pharmacy13 have reflected the need for new graduates to be able to participate effectively as members of interprofessional health care teams and to engage with patients, families, communities, and other health care providers to deliver care and promote health. An analysis of the accreditation standards for dentistry, medicine, nursing, occupational therapy, pharmacy, physical therapy, physician assistant, psychology, public health and social work has illustrated that the IPE requirements and preparation for interprofessional collaborative practice (IPCP) within these disciplines varies widely.14 Currently, pharmacy is in the forefront of identifying IPE as a key component for the successful education and training of its students for the future. The ACPE accreditation document for the Doctor of Pharmacy degree, explicitly identifies IPE within four of the standards (see Table 1).15 In addition, the term interprofessional is included twenty-three times within the document as a descriptor of not only education, but also of training, learning, activities, interactions, relationships, teams, healthcare teams, care teams and simulations. Further, a
reference to collaborative practice is made in both Standard 1 and Appendix C of the document (see Table 1). In the preamble of the CAPE 2013 Educational Outcomes, released in July 2013 by AACP, it is noted that “pharmacists of the future must be capable of functioning collaboratively as members of an interprofessional team.”16 Elements of IPE are clearly included throughout. One such example is a learning objective in the domain of essentials for practice that states “Participate with interprofessional healthcare team members in the management of, and health promotion for, all patients.” Another domain of approach to practice and care, emphasizes the importance of collaboration, noting that individuals are responsible for “active participation and engagement as a healthcare team member by demonstrating mutual respect, understanding, and values to achieve patient care needs.” As educators and role models for the pharmacy students of today, preceptors must demonstrate the importance of interprofessional teamwork as they train students to become active, engaged participants in the delivery of collaborative care in the future.
Role of Preceptors in Interprofessional Education The academic environment is responsible for establishing the foundation for inter-professional collaboration. Through campus-
based endeavors such as shared coursework, simulation, case studies, and reflection exercises, the inculcation of attitudes, behaviors, knowledge, and skills necessary for inter-professional collaboration can begin at an early stage. It is in authentic practice settings, however, where students have the opportunity to interact with other health care learners and professionals in a manner that can have the greatest impact on patient care. The role of the pharmacy preceptor in identifying, modeling, and facilitating student involvement in such activities is crucial. The stage for effective interprofessional interactions can be set during the introductory pharmacy practice experiences (IPPEs) and carried throughout the advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPEs) in the final professional year. Based on the ability level of the student, such experiences will necessarily begin with observation and shadowing functions, progress to participatory activities that are facilitated by the preceptor, and culminate with interprofessional team activities that engage the student in a more selfdirected way (AACP, 2007).17 In the introductory phase, observation and reflection can help students recognize their own roles and responsibilities as well as those of other health care professionals. Providing students with the opportunity to visit other departments and shadow other health care professionals in the midst of their daily activities can be readily achieved in many health care settings. Preceptors can
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Journal also work with other health care professionals to include students as observers in patient therapy and/ or treatment sessions, diagnostic testing procedures, and as part of interprofessional committee meetings. The opportunity to observe preceptors as professional role models in their interactions with other health care professionals is essential. As Paré et al. state, “. . . most students learn to interact with their colleagues by observing the behavior of professionals in educational settings.”18 Students in the community setting, for example, can observe how pharmacist preceptors interact with prescribers in making recommendations regarding patient medication therapy; students in the institutional setting can observe how pharmacists contribute to decision-making as part of interprofessional groups, such as pharmacy and therapeutics and patient safety committees. As students progress, preceptors can facilitate more direct involvement in interprofessional activities. Participating in interprofessional patient table rounds or bedside rounds can be particularly effective, especially when the pharmacist preceptor is a contributing member. Encouraging students from multiple professions to discuss patient cases and arrive at recommendations prior to meeting with joint preceptor supervisors allows for shared problem–solving.19 Rotating student responsibility for the presentation lead among the professions provides parity and develops
respect for one another’s roles. Forming student-preceptor journal clubs that are interprofessional in nature further provides students with the perspectives of other health care professionals. Contributing to interprofessional committee work can also foster student growth. For example, students may be asked to prepare a formulary review for discussion and consideration at a pharmacy and therapeutics committee meeting. Interprofessional student groups can also be assembled to conduct root cause analyses, medication use evaluations, and/ or audits for presentation to supervising preceptors.16 These types of activities not only allow for student engagement as part of a team, but also provide a valuable service for the practice site. Direct patient care activities conducted in collaboration, such as patient assessments, medication reconciliation, and discharge consults, are particularly useful. Engaging with students and practitioners from multiple professions in the development of the patient plan of care allows for a heightened awareness of other professions and develops a strong network for referral.20 Students can also be provided with the opportunity to work with physician assistants and nurse practitioners in mini-clinic settings within select community pharmacy environments. Collaborative practice agreements can further provide students with interprofessional engagement in outpatient settings. Students across multiple
32 I Pennsylvania Pharmacist I January/February 2014
professions can participate in wellness activities in the community by providing screenings, preventive medicine, and health education.21,22 Likewise, students from multiple professions can provide joint educational presentations to the community that foster health and wellness. Free clinics that target underserved populations are ideal settings for interprofessional collaborative practice.23 An essential piece of any interprofessional education process is preceptor-guided reflection. Preceptors should set expectations prior to an interprofessional interaction. Debriefing afterwards should include a discussion of the contribution of collaboration towards positive patient outcomes, the challenges that arise as part of a team-based approach, and ways to overcome barriers. Buring et al. add that “. . . an ideal intervention must include the opportunity for the students to perform some type of reflection as to their initial and changed perception of their role and value in interprofessional care.” 24 Nonetheless, logistics can present a formidable challenge for the pharmacist preceptor. Although it is not an easy task, schools can facilitate this process by coordinating the scheduling of students from multiple professions at the same facility. Preceptors can likewise enhance interprofessional interactions by engaging with colleagues from other professions, cultivating administrative buy-in and support, and establishing relationships in the community.25
Journal
Table 2 Potential Ideas for Pharmacy Preceptors to Enhance IPE in the Experiential Setting Community Practice • Working with a local physician who is precepting medical students, arrange a “switch day” such that the pharmacy student spends a day in the physician office and the medical student observes activities in the pharmacy. • Foster patient care by collaborating with and allowing students to observe /interact with mini-clinic health care professionals operating within the community pharmacy setting. • Cultivate the medical home concept by embedding the pharmacy students in a physician practice on a regular basis during the practice experience. • Include the students in the establishment of an immunization protocol with a supervising physician. • Include the students in the development and implementation of a collaborative care agreement with a local physician. • Allow the students to visit local health care and medical practices in the community to offer an overview of the services that the pharmacy provides. • Incorporate the students in collaborative efforts with other health care professionals to offer services to the community (e.g., blood pressure screenings, risk assessments, immunizations, etc.) through local venues such as churches, community centers, libraries, fairs, etc. • Incorporate the students in collaborative efforts with other health care professionals to provide educational outreach to community and school groups that promote health, wellness, and prevention. Health System / Hospital Practice • Provide visitation opportunities to other departments (e.g. nutrition, social services, physical therapy, occupational therapy, pastoral care, laboratory, radiology, etc). • Create opportunities for students to observe interprofessional teams and follow those observations with a reflection and debriefing session focusing on the strengths and areas of improvement relative to the team interaction. • Pair up nursing and pharmacy students during “med pass”. • Incorporate students into interprofessional meetings such as pharmacy and therapeutics and discharge planning meetings. Encourage other professions (nursing, medicine) to do the same. • Provide medication reconciliation and transition of care services which involve interaction and communication with other members of the healthcare team. • Incorporate students in bedside rounds, table rounds, and/or grand rounds that include other members of the healthcare team. • Serve as facilitator for patient case presentations and care plan discussions that include other members of the healthcare team and their students; alternate leads across the professions. • Assign students to projects such as DUE’s or patient safety reviews/audits that include students from other health care professions.
Pennsylvania Pharmacist I January/February 2014 I 33
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Journal Information technology such as electronic medical records and a physical layout conducive to interaction can further cultivate interprofessional relationships. Implementing IPE in IPPEs and APPEs will take time, effort, creativity and dedication. See Table 2 for a summary of ideas for IPE which may be incorporated into IPPEs or APPEs.
Interprofessional Education Resources There are a variety of resources that may be utilized to gain a deeper understanding regarding interprofessional education. Below is a summary of several resources along with the type of information that can be obtained from each. These resources provide insight and ideas for educators, students, and professionals. The infor-mation provided by these resources ranges from suggested publications to active learning ideas and presentations. Additionally, several IPE organizations and initiatives within Pennsylvania are highlighted. Core Competencies for Interprofessional Collaborative Practice have been released by an expert panel consisting of several disciplines. The report was sponsored by the Interprofessional Education Collaborative. The goal of the report is to establish a common language and defined core competencies for all health care professionals in order to close the collaborative practice
gap. The report contains detailed information about each of the core competencies, learning activities and IPE assessment criteria. These core competencies can be used as a guide for developing IPE initiatives in schools of pharmacy across the state. The core competencies are available from the American Association of Colleges of Nursing website at http://www. aacn.nche.edu/educationresources/ipecreport.pdf. The National Center for Interprofessional Practice and Education at the University of Minnesota’s Academic Health Center provides a wide variety of resources about interprofessional education. There are links to various journal articles, organizations, and educational models which are useful for educators looking to integrate interprofessional education into their curriculum. Anyone interested in interprofessional practice and education may access materials from the Resource Exchange, participate in ongoing conversations through the Forums, and connect to others in the field through profiles and networks maintained by the National Center. The resources are available from http://www. nexusipe.org. The Center for Health Science Interprofessional Education, Research and Practice at the University of
Washington provides resources for both practitioners and students. For educators, these include downloadable IPE presentations, recommended competencies, information about upcoming interprofessional conferences, and a list of International IPE organizations and links. Student offerings are geared toward University of Washington’s students; however, there are downloadable presentations, learning modules, and links to information about other health professions that may be utilized in any classroom. These resources can be accesses at http://collaborate.uw.edu/. MedEdPortal , is a program of the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC). The mission of MedEdPortal is to “promote educational scholarship and collaboration by facilitating the open exchange of peer-reviewed health education teaching and assessment resources.” Many helpful publications cover a wide variety of topics and can be useful resources for preceptors. An initiative in 2012 significantly expanded IPE content. Additionally, iCollaborative, a MedEdPortal initiative, provides a platform for educators and students to share ideas and innovations. This section of MedEdPortal also contains presentation ideas, but these are not peerreviewed. Anyone may submit ideas to iCollaborative for all
Pennsylvania Pharmacist I January/February 2014 I 35
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Journal health professionals to see and utilize. All materials that can be found on MedEdPortal are free of charge and open to the general public. You will need to register for an AAMC account to access the resources at https:// www.mededportal.org/. American Interprofessional Health Collaborative (AIHC) is the US-based organization that connects individuals and organizations across professional and practice environment boundaries to ensure the integrity, viability, and quality of education and training programs, to assure health in all policies, and to influence systems impacting health and care delivery toward an improved system of health and wellness for individual patients, communities, and populations. Programs and resources available through AIHC may be accessed at http://www.aihc-us.org/.
Pennsylvania-based Resources: Jefferson InterProfessional Education Center at Thomas Jefferson University is dedicated to the promotion of interprofessional care. An e-newsletter about IPE as well as various learning resources are available at this site. Learning resources include didactic learning modules with downloadable teaching plans, videos with facilitator guides, and a
toolkit for educators. Also provided are access to presentations, publications, and information about their Interprofessional Care Conference. These resources may be accessed from http:// jeffline.jefferson.edu/jcipe/. Northeastern and Central Pennsylvania Interprofessional Education Coalition (NECPA-IPEC) is an organization that aims to bring together students and educators from various institutions within the Northeastern and Central Pennsylvania region. Among other projects, each year NECPA-IPEC sponsors a collaborative care summit for learners to participate in interprofessional case based learning. For educators who might be interested in the coalition or summit, more information can be found at www.necpaipec.com.
Conclusion
in health care education over the past several decades. As pharmacy practitioners and educators, we are in a unique position to enhance the educational experience for our students, cultivate better practitioners and ultimately improve the overall health care system in the U.S. Please note the list of references is available on the PPA website. Please visit www.papharmacists. com/peer to view the list. z
Professor and Chair, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Nesbitt College of Pharmacy and Nursing, Wilkes University
1
Associate Dean for Education and Professor, Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy
2
Director of Experiential Education and Director of Student and Government Relations, Mylan School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University
3
Doctor of Pharmacy Candidate, Nesbitt College of Pharmacy and Nursing, Wilkes University
4
Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Jefferson School of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University
5
The move toward IPE is probably the most dramatic change Pennsylvania Pharmacist I January/February 2014 I 37
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