ӄౚϯਔжޑЦၰЎϯǵ ޗബཥᆶ҉ុว Ҟ
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ጓ ׇޣ.............................................................................. ݅ࡌ ةiii
ЦၰЎϯ! ၗҁЬကǵ҇୯ৎӒᐒϐਥྍᆶЦၰЎϯ .......................................................... ᑵӄࡹǵֆऩϒ 1 ǵق.......................................................................................1 ΒǵၗҁЬကޗ.......................................................................5 ΟǵၗҁЬကޗύޑ୯ৎفՅ.............................................10 ѤǵၗҁЬကޗύޑ୯ৎفՅᆶࣽޗᏢ .........................16 ϖǵவࡘύಥᎶԶوӛЦၰ.................................................21
ϺΠЎܴˇˇፕᏂৎޑ୯ሞᏦࡹচ߾ ..............................ࢫ 25 ǵᏂৎޑȨШࣚᢀȩ.............................................................25 ΒǵᏂৎޑȨ҇ᢀȩ.............................................................27 ΟǵᏂৎȨϺΠȩޑЎϯ܄፦.................................................29 ѤǵϺΠᔈ၀Ȩܭۓȩ༏ǻ.................................................31
ϖǵӵՖዴۓჴޑ୯ৎޑჹѦᜢ߯ྗ߾ǻ .........................33 ϤǵӵՖჹࡑځд୯ৎޑ୯ϣ٣୍ǻ .....................................35 ΎǵӵՖჹࡑے௲ፂँǻ .........................................................37 ΖǵӵՖೀᆶځд୯ৎޟޑکፂँǴ аϷ୯ৎ໔٬ҔݓΚޑচ߾ǻ .........................................39 ΐǵȨϺΠЎܴȩޑжཀက ...................................................42
ȠፕᇟȡբࣁҾᔼޑЦၰۺǺ аᔴᐛᄪᆶ݊Π۩ϐշϐԵჸࣁ ٯ..........ஜஒ 45 ǵق.....................................................................................45 ΒǵϾηޑЦၰᆶᔼ ۺ.....................................................48 ΟǵЦၰޑᔼۺᖐǺᔴᐛᄪᆶ݊Π۩ϐշ .............56 Ѥǵ่ᇟǺЦၰᔼۺၸਔΑ༏ǻ .....................................65
жᕉნӒᐒᆶύ୯ђжᏂৎޑᕉნࡘགྷ ..................ዐර 73 ǵق.....................................................................................73 ΒǵжޑᕉნӒᐒᆶΓᜪ֚ნ .............................................74 Οǵѱޜ໔ᆶғᄊϐੰੱ .....................................................77 Ѥǵύ୯Ꮒৎђڂύޑᕉნᢀᆶޜ໔ᢀ .................................83 ϖǵжཥᏂৎঞ։ኾፕၭғࢲϐᅴඵ .....................94 Ϥǵ่ፕ.....................................................................................98
Government by Propriety: Why the Political Is also Personal .................................................................Huang Yong 101 I.
Introduction .......................................................................101
II.
The Political/Personal Division in the Liberal Tradition and Its Problems.......................................................................103
III. The Possibility of a Confucian Political Philosophy......... 113 IV. Propriety as External Rules ...............................................120 V.
Propriety as Inner Feelings................................................130
VI. Propriety as Human Nature ...............................................141 VII. Defending the Neo-Confucian Propriety as a Political Philosophy........................................................155 VIII. Conclusion ........................................................................164
ޗബཥᆶ҉ុว! ҉ុวנࡋڋޑᆶЎܴ࣪ࡘ .................................ယߪᄪ 169 ǵقǺӄዬขቾޑЎϯزೢ...........................................169 ΒǵΓᜪޑ௱᠑ᆶೕጄᏤЇǺ҉ុวޑ၂ ...................171 Οǵ҉ុวޑᏤӛǺΓǵЎϯᆶ ࡋڋ...............................177 Ѥǵংᡂᎂ܌ុ҉ޑፕ៏...........................................185 ϖǵ҉ុวޑЎܴ࣪ࡘ.......................................................197 Ϥǵ่ᇟ...................................................................................202
ޗബཥޑፕᆶჴ፬Ǻᆵᡍ߃ޑ .................ഋܿϲ 205 ǵബཥᆶޗബཥ...............................................................205 Βǵޗബཥᆶޗബৎᆒઓ........................................... 211 Οǵޗബཥޑၠ୯Кၨ.......................................................215 Ѥǵ่ፕ...................................................................................227
ຬຫటఈˇˇӄౚӒᐒǵғࢲ॥ᆶΓᜪԾ௱ .........Һቆᔱ 229 ǵق...................................................................................229 ΒǵӄౚӒᐒᆶғࢲ॥.......................................................230
Οǵж܄ᆶΓᜪғࢲ॥ޑటఈڗӛ ...............................235 Ѥǵӧటఈᆶ۩ᅽϐ໔ ...........................................................239 ϖǵȨΓࣁԾρҥݤȩ .............................................................244 ϤǵوрӒᐒᆶȨࢲȩ .......................................................248
ғࢲ॥ǻঁץղޑ܄ ز.....................................Ц٫ྦྷ 253 ǵᏤق...................................................................................253 ΒǵђޗڂᏢፕޑғࢲ॥ፕॊ ...................................259 ΟǵжޗᏢፕᆶғࢲ॥ ...........................................267 Ѥǵғࢲ॥ץޑղޗᏢᢀᗺ ...........................................271 ϖǵᆵΓޑғࢲ॥ ...........................................................284 Ϥǵ่ፕ...................................................................................292
ޗόѳޑଆྍǺӃޕᐽఖǻคޕᐽఖǻ .............लᖐ҅ 297 ǵق...................................................................................297 ΒǵੁᅐၮޑᔲᙡǺᐽఖ ...................................................300 ΟǵᐽఖȨٿጇፕЎȩޑङඳ ...............................................303 ѤǵᐽఖȤፕࣽᏢᆶ᛬ೌȥޑाԑ .......................................307 ϖǵᐽఖȤፕΓᜪόѳଆྍᆶ୷ᘵȥޑाԑ ...................314 Ϥǵаགࣁҁޑၰቺࡹ ݯ...................................................321 Ύǵ่ፕ...................................................................................324
ΓӜЇ ......................................................................................327 ཷۺЇ ......................................................................................333
ᕴׇ ˪ℐ䎫⛐⛘夾慶⎊㚠˫㗗冢䀋⣏⬠Ṣ㔯䣦㚫檀䫱䞼䨞昊夷 ∫↢䇰䘬⎊㚠ᷳᶨ炻ㆹ㦪㕤婒㖶㛔⎊㚠䘬㖐嵋炻ẍ⯙㔁㕤嬨侭 媠⏃⫸ˤ Ṣ栆㬟⎚忚ℍ䫔ᶱᾳ⋫⸜䲨⃫ᷳ⼴炻ℐ䎫⊾嵐⊊⛐檀㕘䥹 ㈨炷⯌℞㗗忂妲䥹㈨炸䘬≑⦩ᷳᶳ彭䋃䘤⯽ˤ㬋⤪⣏⇵䞼ᶨ 婒炻 ˬ䓊㤕˭ ˣ ˬ㈽屯˭ ˣ ˬ屯妲˭ ˣ ˬṢㇵ˭ㆸ䁢䓴⭂ℐ䎫⊾㗪ẋ⚳ ⭞䪞䇕≃冯⼙枧≃䘬慵天⚈䳈ˤ⯭㕤ℐ䎫⊾㼖㳩ᷕ⽫ỵ伖䘬⚳ ⭞⮵㕤⯭㕤怲昚ỵ伖ᷳ⚳⭞䘬⭘⇞冯∅⇲㖍䓂ᶨ㖍炻⚈㬌炻ḇ 㽨崟Ḯ⍵ℐ䎫⊾䘬㴒㼖炻㭷⸜⎬⣏ⶍ㤕⚳柀堾䘬倂㚫炻悥⺽Ἦ ⣏慷䘬䣢⦩㈿嬘Ṣ㼖ˤ⛐ˬℐ䎫⊾˭冯ˬ⍵ℐ䎫⊾˭䘬㽨䚒ᷳ ᶳ炻役⸜Ἦ㚱ṃṢ⢓ᷣ⻝ˬℐ䎫⛐⛘⊾˭ 炻德忶⻟⊾⛐⛘䣦佌徼 ⼹炻侴冯ℐ䎫⿏䘬屯㸸⺢䩳忋䳸炻⽆侴Ὣ忚ᶾ䓴䘬⸛冯䘤⯽炻 ṾᾹ᷎⛐ 2004 ⸜ 9 㚰䘤ⶫ˪ℐ䎫⛐⛘⊾⭋妨˫ 炷The Glocalization Manifesto, September, 2004, http://zunia.org/uploads/media/knowledge/ The Glocalization Manifesto.pdf炸 ˤ ˬℐ䎫⊾˭䘬⾓忇䘤⯽炻ḇ䁢Ḵ⋩ᶨᶾ䲨䘬Ṣ㔯䣦㚫䥹⬠ 䞼䨞攳┇Ḯ㕘䘬夾慶炻㍸↢㕘䘬䞼䨞婚柴炻⼊⟹㕘䘬⬠埻㊹ ㇘ˤ⛐ˬℐ䎫⊾˭冯ˬ⛐⛘⊾˭䘬㽨䚒ᷳᶳ炻Ḵ⋩ᶨᶾ䲨䘬Ṣ 㔯䣦㚫䥹⬠䞼䨞⛐⎗奨䘬䭬⚵ᷳℏ炻⽭䃞㗗嶐⚳䘬ˣ嶐䓴䘬ˣ ⣂枛䘬ˣ⣂夾奺䘬ˣ⣂Ⰼ㫉䘬䞼䨞ˤ忁㧋䘬㕘䞼䨞⽭䃞㗗䭉䳫 ▼┆ˣ⣂枛ℙ㋗䘬炻㗗ˬ叔Ⱉᶵ姙ᶨ㹒⣼˭䘬⯨朊ˤ㓭㔯⊾ Ṣ栆⭞⎱䇦勚炷Clifford Geertz, 1923-2006炸媪ˬ℟㚱ℐ䎫⿏ シ佑䘬⛘➇⿏䞍嬀˭ 炻⽭⮯ㆸ䁢Ḵ⋩ᶨᶾ䲨Ṣ㔯䣦㚫䥹⬠䞼䨞䘬 㕘䃎溆ˤ
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ӄౚϯਔжޑЦၰЎϯǵޗബཥᆶ҉ុว
㛔昊冒 2006 ⸜ㆸ䩳ẍἮ炻⯙㍸↢ˬ⽆㜙Ṇ䩳⟜䚳ℐ䎫⓷ 柴˭ ˣ ˬ⽆ℐ䎫夾慶⿅侫㜙Ṇ崘⎹˭䘬栀㘗炻 ˪ℐ䎫⛐⛘夾慶⎊㚠˫ 䘬䶐廗ⶍἄ⯙㗗怩⎹ᶲ徘栀㘗䘬≒≃ˤㆹᾹⶴ㛃忁ᶨ⣿䲣↿⎊ 㚠冯㛔昊⛐㫸㳚↢䇰䘬˪ℐ䎫⊾㗪ẋ䘬Ṣ㔯䱦䤆⎊㚠˫ 炻傥ἧ ㆹᾹ⛐Ḵ⋩ᶨᶾ䲨䚳⼿㚜怈炻゛⼿㚜㶙炻ḇ崘⼿㚜㬋䡢ˤ ཀ࠷൰ ܭׇᆵεΓЎޗଯࣴزଣ
ጓׇޣ Ḵ⋩ᶨᶾ䲨㗗ℐ䎫⊾ẍ⍲Ṇ㳚ⳃ崟䘬㕘㗪ẋˤ冢⣏Ṣ㔯䣦 㚫檀䫱䞼䨞昊㚱デ㕤㜙Ṇ䘬ˬ䌳忻㔯⊾˭⛐Ḵ⋩ᶨᶾ䲨䘬慵天 ⿏炻忪冯䘦䔍⬠佺㔁做➢慹㚫ˣ冢䀋䪞䇕≃婾⡯⬠㚫㕤㮹⚳ᶨ ˕˕⸜⋩Ḵ㚰⍲ᶨ˕ᶨ⸜ᶫ㚰ℙ⎴冱彎ℑ⯮ˬℐ䎫⊾㗪ẋ䘬䌳 忻㔯⊾ˣ䣦㚫∝㕘冯㯠临䘤⯽˭䞼妶㚫炻⋗倂⚳ℏ⢾⮰⭞⬠侭 䘤堐婾㔯⋩ℓ䭯炻ㆸ㝄寸䡑ˤᷣ彎╖ỵ㚱シ⮯忁ℑ⟜䞼妶㚫䘬 ㆸ㝄⼁普ㆸℲ炻怨ㆹ㑼ảᷣ䶐炻㊹怠℞ᷕ庫℟ẋ堐⿏䘬㔯䪈⼁ 䶐ㆸ㛔㚠ˤ䎦⛐⭡ㆹ䔍剙䭯ⷭ炻⎹⎬ỵ嬨侭ṳ䳡⎬䭯⣏天ˤ 㛔㚠ℏ⭡ᷣ天㵝味ℑ⣏悐↮烉䫔ᶨ悐↮㗗ẍˬ䌳忻㔯⊾˭ ⿅゛䁢ᷣ庠䘬䚠斄䩳婾烊䫔Ḵ悐↮⇯㗗℟㚱ㅱ䓐⍲⮎ἄℏ㵝䘬 ˬ䣦㚫∝㕘冯㯠临䘤⯽˭ ˤ⛐Ḵ⋩ᶨᶾ䲨ℐ䎫⊾㗪ẋ䳃䳃㒦㒦䘬 嬲⯨ᷳᷕ炻 ˬ䌳忻㔯⊾˭䋞⤪⣄䨢ᷕ䘬㖶㗇炻䁢ᶾṢ㊯↢ᶨ㡅㖶 嶗炻ᶵ傥ˬ⛸侴妨˭炻㚜⎗ẍˬ崟侴埴˭炻忁㗗₺⭞䔁䴎⼴ᶾ 㚨嵛䍵屜䘬怢䓊ˤ 䫔ᶨᾳ悐↮ℙ㓞抬Ḽ䭯㔯䪈ˤ䫔ᶨ䭯㗗唕ℐ㓧ˣ⏛劍Ḱ䘬 ˨屯㛔ᷣ佑ˣ㮹㕷⚳⭞⌙㨇ᷳ㟡㸸冯䌳忻㔯⊾˩ 炻㛔㔯椾⃰溆↢ 屯㛔ᷣ佑䣦㚫⬀⛐䘬♜慵⓷柴炻ẍ⍲㮹㕷⚳⭞䘤䓇⌙㨇䘬㟡 㸸䁢ỽ炻啱䓙㍊妶⚳⭞㨇斄⛐屯㛔ᷣ佑䣦㚫ᷕㅱ㈖㺼䘬奺 刚炻㊯↢屯㛔ᷣ佑䣦㚫冯㮹㕷⚳⭞天傥⽆徟⿅ᷕ僓櫭炻₺⭞䘬 ˬ䌳忻㔯⊾˭ḇ姙㗗ᾳ⎗傥䘬⿅侫㕡⎹ˤ 䫔Ḵ䭯㗗䚃㳒䘬˨⣑ᶳ㔯㖶ʇʇ婾₺⭞䘬⚳晃ㅚ㓧⍇⇯˩ ˤ 㛔㔯⽆䎮婾Ⰼ朊炻㍊妶₺⭞䘬ˬ⣑ᶳ㔯㖶˭ᷕ⎗傥㼃啷䘬ˬ⚳ 晃ㅚ㓧⍇⇯˭ 炻椾⃰婒㖶₺⭞ˬᶾ䓴奨˭ ˣ ˬ㮹㕷奨˭䘬シ㵝炻₺ ⭞䘬ˬ⣑ᶳ˭奨℟㚱ỽ䧖㔯⊾⿏岒炻 ˬ⣑ᶳ˭㗗⏎ㅱ娚ˬ⭂㕤ᶨ˭
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ӄౚϯਔжޑЦၰЎϯǵޗബཥᆶ҉ុว
䫱⓷柴ˤ㍍叿炻⽆䎦⮎Ⰼ朊㍊妶ˬ⣑ᶳ㔯㖶˭⤪ỽㅱ䓐㕤䎦⮎ ⓷柴䘬妋㰢炻冱↉⤪ỽ䡢⭂䎦⮎䘬⚳⭞䘬⮵⢾斄Ὢ㸾⇯烎⤪ỽ ⮵⼭℞Ṿ⚳⭞䘬⚳ℏḳ⊁烎⤪ỽ⮵⼭⬿㔁堅䨩烎⤪ỽ嗽䎮冯℞ Ṿ⚳⭞䘬䲦䳃堅䨩炻ẍ⍲⚳⭞攻ἧ䓐㬎≃䘬⍇⇯䫱⓷柴烎䃉 ᶵ⎗ẍ⽆₺⭞ˬ⣑ᶳ㔯㖶˭䘬㤪⾝ᷕ䌚⼿曰デˤ 䫔ᶱ䭯㗗⻝ⲹ⮯䘬˨˪婾婆˫ἄ䁢ẩ㤕䴻䆇䘬䌳忻䎮⾝烉ẍ 㼨㽌㥖ᶨ冯㜦ᶳ⸠ᷳ≑ᷳ侫⮇䁢ἳ˩ˤ⫼⫸⤪㝄㳣⛐忁ᾳᶾ䓴 ᶲ炻Ṿ⮯⤪ỽ䴻䆇ẩ㤕炻忁㗗ᾳ㚱嵋䘬⓷柴ˤἄ侭娵䁢炻⫼⫸ ⛐˪婾婆˫㚠ᷕ㎕䣢䘬ˬ䌳忻˭⍇⇯炻㬋⎗ẍἄ䁢䔞Ṳẩ㤕 䴻䆇䘬㟠⽫䎮⾝ˤṾẍ㼨㽌㥖ᶨ冯㜦ᶳ⸠ᷳ≑䁢ἳ炻嫱㖶₺⭞ 䘬ˬ䌳忻˭⿅゛冯ẩ㤕䴻䆇䘬䎮⾝炻㚱叿㟡㛔䘬䚠忂ᷳ嗽ˤ䌳 忻䴻䆇䎮⾝忶㗪Ḯ╶烎䫼㟰偗⭂㗗㰺㚱ˤ 䫔⚃䭯㗗㼀㛅春䘬˨䔞ẋ䑘⠫⌙㨇冯ᷕ⚳⎌ẋ₺⭞䘬䑘⠫ ⿅゛˩ ˤ㛔㔯椾⃰㍊妶䔞ẋ䘬䑘⠫⌙㨇冯Ṣ栆䘬⚘⠫炻娵䁢⎗ẍ ⽆ᷕ⚳₺⭞⎌℠ᷕ䘬䑘⠫奨冯䨢攻奨炻㰚⍾㘢ㄏ炻⮵㱣悥ⶪ䨢 攻冯䓇ン䘬⎬䧖䕭䕯炻᷎德忶⺽徘䔞ẋ㕘₺⭞Ⓒ⏃㭭㚱斄⁛䴙 彚㤕䓇㳣ᷳ䜧㘢䘬婾徘炻ἄ䁢䎦ẋṢ䘬ῇ掉ˤ 䫔Ḽ䭯䁢劙㔯䧧炻䓙湫≯妋婒ᷕ⚳䘬䥖㱣⤪ỽἧ㓧㱣炷䛦 Ṣᷳḳ炸ḇ⎗ẍ嬲⼿⼰ᾳṢ炷Why the Political Is also Personal炸ˤ 㛔㔯啱叿斉徘冒䓙ᷣ佑⁛䴙ᷕ㓧㱣ㆾᾳṢ䘬↮⊾⍲℞⼊ㆸ䘬⓷ 柴炻㍸↢ˬᶨᾳ₺⭞㓧㱣⒚⬠˭䘬⎗傥⿏⓷柴ˤἄ侭娵䁢炻₺ ⭞䘬ˬ䥖˭㚱ᶱ䧖䈡岒烉 炷1炸⢾⛐䘬夷䭬炻 炷2炸ℏ⛐䘬ねデ炻 炷3炸 Ṣ⿏䘬㛔岒ˤ㟡㒂㬌ᶱ䧖䈡岒炻ᷫ⎗ẍ⺢㥳↢₺⭞㕘ˬ䥖˭婾 䘬㓧㱣⒚⬠ˤ 䫔Ḵ悐↮ℙ㓞抬Ḽ䭯㔯䪈炻ᷣ天㍊妶ˬ䣦㚫∝㕘˭冯ˬ㯠 临䘤⯽˭䚠斄嬘柴ˤ䫔ᶨ䭯㗗叱ὲ㥖䘬˨㯠临䘤⯽䘬⇞⹎㈱㑯 冯㔯㖶䚩⿅˩ 炻ᷣ天㍊妶䔞ṲṢ栆朊冐䘬㚨⣏⓷柴㗗ˬℐ䚌䃎ㄖ˭
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䘬⓷柴炻侴忈ㆸˬℐ䚌䃎ㄖ˭䘬⍇⚈⇯㗗㔯⊾䘬⓷柴炻⚈㬌徥 㯪㯠临䘤⯽炻昌Ḯ天㚱ℐ䘬⇞⹎㓗㎜ẍ⢾炻⯌℞枰⮵㖊⬀䘬 㔯⊾忚埴㶙⇣䘬⍵䚩ˤἄ侭冱↢㯋῁嬲怟ⷞ≽䘬㯠临婾彗䁢 ἳ炻婒㖶㯠临䘤⯽㚱岜ˬṢ˭ˣˬ㔯⊾˭冯ˬ⇞⹎˭ᶱ㕡朊䘬惵 ⎰炻仢ᶨᶵ⎗ˤ 䫔Ḵ䭯㗗昛㜙⋯䘬˨䣦㚫∝㕘䘬䎮婾冯⮎嶸烉冢䀋䴻槿䘬 ⇅㍊˩ ˤ㛔㔯椾⃰慸㶭ˬ∝㕘˭冯ˬ䣦㚫∝㕘˭奨⾝䘬䔘⎴炻婒 㖶∝㕘ᶵㅱὟ旸㕤ᾳṢ櫭≃⍲㈨埻Ⰼ朊炻枰句⮎ᶼ䓊䓇㯠临䘬 ⼙枧炻ẍ旵Ỷ䣦㚫ˣ㓧㱣ˣ䴻㾇䘬ᶵ⸛䫱炻㍸⋯䣦㚫䤷䣱䘬℔ ℙ⇑䙲烊㍍叿㍊妶䣦㚫∝㕘冯䣦㚫∝㤕⭞䱦䤆䘬ℏ㵝炻᷎ẍ㫸 䚇㍐≽䘬䞼䨞妰䔓䁢ἳ忚埴嶐⚳䘬㭼庫炻⯌℞叿慵冢䀋䴻槿 䘬㍊妶ˤ 䫔ᶱ䭯ả∵㾌䘬˨崭崲㫚㛃ʇʇℐ䎫⌙㨇ˣ䓇㳣桐㟤冯Ṣ 栆冒㓹˩ 炻ᶨ攳⥳⌛溆↢Ṣ栆䔞⇵朊冐䘬ℐ䎫⌙㨇炻Ἦ冒䎦ẋ ⿏冯Ṣ栆䓇㳣桐㟤䘬㫚㛃⍾⎹炻侴⟹⯙䎦ẋ⿏冯㫚㛃⍾⎹䘬㸸 柕⌛䁢┇呁忳≽ˤἄ侭⚆㬠⓷柴䘬㛔岒炻㍸↢⮵㫚㛃冯⸠䤷斄 Ὢ䘬⍵⿅炻⺢嬘⛐㫚㛃冯⸠䤷䘬怠㑯ᷳ攻䁢冒䩳㱽炻忚侴┇ ≽ᷕ⚳⁛䴙㔯⊾ᷕ䘬ˬ㦪㳣˭炻ᾦẍ崘↢⌙㨇炻㯠临䘤⯽ˤ 䫔⚃䭯䁢䌳Ἓ䃴䘬˨䓇㳣桐㟤烎ᶨᾳ㈡⇌⿏䘬㍊䨞˩ 炻忁䭯 ᷣ天㗗⮵䓇㳣桐㟤䘬ᶨᾳ㈡⇌⿏䘬㍊䨞炻㔯䪈⃰⚆栏⎌℠冯䔞 ẋ䣦㚫⬠ᷕ冯䓇㳣桐㟤㤪⾝ˣ䴻槿⿏䞼䨞䚠斄䘬䎮婾炻ℵ䵄㔜 䔞ẋ䓇㳣桐㟤䘬㤪⾝冯䴻槿⿏䞼䨞嵐⊊炻㍸↢㈡⇌䘬䓇㳣桐㟤 䞼䨞奨溆冯⿅䵕ˤ㚨⼴ὅ㒂䣦㚫⬠䘬゛⁷冯㈡⇌⿏奨溆炻㩊夾 ⚳ℏ䚠斄䘬婧㞍冯䴙妰屯㕁炻㊯↢冢䀋Ṣ䓇㳣桐㟤䘬䈡⽝ˣ㧉 ⺷炻ẍ⍲䴙妰㔠⫿䨩栗䘬䣦㚫䳸㥳⓷柴ἄ䁢䳸婾ˤ 㚨⼴ᶨ䭯㗗剹冱㬋䘬˨䣦㚫ᶵ⸛䫱䘬崟㸸烉⃰䞍䚏㡕烎䃉 䞍䚏㡕烎˩ 炻ἄ侭⮯ᷣ庠普ᷕ㕤⇾㜸䚏㡕ˬℑ䭯婾㔯˭ʇʇ˨婾
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ӄౚϯਔжޑЦၰЎϯǵޗബཥᆶ҉ុว
䥹⬠冯喅埻˩⍲˨婾Ṣ栆ᶵ⸛䫱崟㸸冯➢䢶˩ 炻ẩ⚾⽆䚏㡕䘬䓇 ⸛⍲℞⿅゛怕忯炻㈦↢Ṣ栆ˬᶵ忻⽟⿏˭䘬㸸柕炻⎴㗪㒜⣏℞ ˬẍねデ姜㯪堐忼⮵㕤ˮṢ˯䘬斄㆟˭䘬婾徘➢溆炻⮳㈦䎦ẋ Ṣ⬱䓇䩳␥ᷳ忻ˤ 㛔㚠㓞抬䘬⎬䭯婾㔯炻䎮婾冯ㅱ䓐⮎ἄ℞⮎᷎㰺㚱㇒䃞䘬 ↮慶ˤ㚱ṃ㔯䪈㗗㖊㚱䎮婾ḇ㚱ㅱ䓐⮎ἄ烊㚱ṃ婾㔯炻⎗傥忂 䭯㰺㚱ˬ䌳忻㔯⊾˭⸦ᾳ⫿炻⎗㗗Ṽ䳘⿅慷炻悥㚱ˬ䌳忻㔯⊾˭ 䘬⼙⫸ˤ䃉婾⤪ỽ炻㛔㚠⮯㗗䞼䨞ˬℐ䎫⊾㗪ẋ˭ ˣ ˬ䌳忻㔯⊾˭ˣ ˬ䣦㚫∝㕘˭冯ˬ㯠临䘤⯽˭䫱嬘柴⍲忁ṃ嬘柴ᷳ攻䚠Ḻ斄Ὢ ⼰⤥䘬⍫侫℠䯵ˤ 㛔㚠䘬⬴ㆸ炻昌Ḯデ嫅ἄ侭届䌣㔯䪈炻冯㚫䘬ᷣ㊩Ṣˣ姽 婾Ṣ⍲㚨⼴⚻㟴婾⡯䘬⍫冯侭炻ㆹᾹḇ天ᶨἝデ嫅炻⚈䁢ṾᾹ 䘬媠⣂⚆棳シ夳炻ㇵ傥嬻ἄ侭㒂㬌ᾖ㓡炻ẍ㍸檀婾㔯₡ῤˤㆹ Ᾱḇ天デ嫅䔞㗪䘬⋼彎╖ỵˬ冢䀋⣏⬠⚳⭞䘤⯽䞼䨞˭ 炻ẍ⍲ 岲≑╖ỵˬ䙲ᾉ妿⏦⑰忚䡏㔁做➢慹㚫˭ 炻㰺㚱⚳䘤ⷓ䓇䘬⍫ 冯炻⯌℞㗗攟␐两䤍㔁㌰䘬柀⮶炻㛔㚫䃉㱽䚃⣏忚埴烊侴ℑ ᾳ➢慹㚫側⼴㜿慹㸸⃰䓇䘬Ṣ≃ˣ䈑≃ˣ屉≃䘬⍫冯㈽ℍ炻ㇵ 傥ἧ䞼妶㚫枮⇑⬴ㆸ炻嫡⛐㬌农ᶲ㚨㶙嫅シˤ ٶ࢙ޒ ܭׇᆵεΓЎޗଯࣴزଣ! ҇୯ɄΒԃΟДΒΜВ
ˇˇЦၰЎϯˇˇ
ၗҁЬကǵ҇୯ৎӒᐒϐਥྍ ᆶЦၰЎϯ ᑵӄࡹ ǵֆऩϒ ࡆӧӹۖύᙒΑࣔעޑᝊ ቆǶΓॺ२Ӄᆪډё܂ᝊᙒޑ ښǴฅࡕ໒ۈ൨פǶനࡕॺךಖ ܭஒѬඝӧЋ္ǶΓᜪӧචᆸ೭ עᚈέቆਔǴ߄ᄽрϙሶኬޑ ᆸᗂǻ! ˇˇ҉ϔໜܭȠቶ҃ӈًȡ1!
ǵق 2012 ⸜ 2 㚰 25 㖍炻Ḵ⋩⚳普⛀炷the Group of 20, G-20炸屉 㓧悐攟冯ᷕ⣖戨埴埴攟㚫嬘炷Meeting of G-20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors炸⛐⡐大⒍椾悥⎔攳ˤὅἳ↿ⷕ㚫嬘
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୯ҥᆵεᏢࡹݯᏢس௲ ୯ҥᄤࠄ୯ሞεᏢϦӅՉࡹᆶࡹᏢسୋ௲ Pellegrino Charles Ǵᄃન࣑ǺȠቶ҃ӈًǺΐѤϖচᛈғᗋޣ ᠊ޑჴࡺ٣ȡȐᆵчǺڬрޗހǴ2011ȑǴ। 325Ƕ
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ӄౚϯਔжޑЦၰЎϯǵޗബཥᆶ҉ុว
䘬⚳晃屐⸋➢慹㚫炷International Monetary Fund, IMF炸 炻⛐㚫ᷕ ㍸ ↢ ˬ ℐ 䎫 䴻 㾇 ⯽ 㛃 冯 㓧 䫾 嬲 怟 ⁁ ⾀ 抬 ˭炷 Note on Global Economic Prospects and Policy Changes炸㊯↢炻2012 䘬ℐ䎫䴻 㾇炻⚈㫸㳚⚳⭞䘬䴻㾇⎫䵲炻冯℞Ṿ⋨➇䘬傮⻙嗽⠫炻侴⮯朊 冐⽑䓎⍿㋓炻㳣≽嵐䶑炻冯㘗㯋㊩临ᶳ㹹⌙㨇烉㫸㳚⮯⚈℞傮 ⻙䘬ᷣ㪲慹圵ね⊊炷sovereign financial feedback loop炸 炻冯慹圵 橼䲣㴰⊾ẍ⁝梲⁝䘬⍣㥻㠧炷deleveraging炸ἄ䓐炻忚ℍ庽⽖堘 徨㛇炷mild recession炸 烊℞Ṿ⃰忚⚳⭞⍿㫸㳚䘬㲊⍲炻᷎㈧临℞ 冒幓㖊㚱䘬䵲䷖⿏⚈䳈炻ḇ姙⮯朊⮵⽖⻙侴栃䯠䘬ㆸ攟炷weak and bumpy growth炸 烊㕘冰⚳⭞⇯⍿℞䵲䷖㓧䫾炻冯ℐ䎫⿏堘徨 䘬⢾㹊㓰㝄炷spillover炸⼙枧炻侴㷃䶑Ḯㆸ攟䘬儛㬍ˤIMF ⻟婧炻 ℐ䎫䘬⡆攟炻ṵ䫮䚜⛘㊩临㊯⎹叿ᶳ㹹⌙㨇炷risks to global growth remain squarely to the downside炸 ˤ䓙㕤⎬⚳⭞㇞悐攨ˣẩ 㤕炻冯㓧⹄╖ỵ炻⎬冒䵲䷖℞暨㯪炻⽆侴㶙⊾Ḯℐ䎫⿏䘬ˬ䭨 ₱䞃䚦˭ 炷paradox of thrift炸桐晒烊㬌ᶨ桐晒炻⍰䓙㕤傮⻙䘬慹 圵橼䲣ˣ檀柵䘬㓧⹄崌⫿炻冯旵军㤝Ỷ䘬⇑䌯㯜㸾侴㒜⣏炻 ᶼ⚈⎬⚳⮵㬌忶⹎㦪奨ㆾ忶⹎ず奨䘬ン⹎炻侴星ℍ冒ㆹ⺞临 炷self-perpetuating炸䘬⚘⠫ᷕˤ㬌⢾炻㕘冰䴻㾇橼䘬ˬ䠔叿映˭ 炷hard landing炸 炻冯⚈ὃ䴎朊⛘䶋斄Ὢ炻两临昉ⲕ㒨檀䘬㱡₡炻 ⇯㥳ㆸℐ䎫䴻㾇䘬⎎ℑ⣏⌙㨇ˤ2 忁ấ⟙⏲炻ᶨ㕡朊⮑ヶ㦪奨⛘㊯↢炻⛐忶⍣ᶨ㭝㗪攻炻⚈ ℐ䎫⍲⋨➇慹圵橼䲣⻟⊾炻冯䈡⭂⋨➇ㆾ⚳⭞冒㓹⿏屉㓧ℐ ㍒㕥䘬⣷㓰炻侴ἧℐ䎫䴻㾇ᶵ农⚈怯Ἦ䘬劍⸚⋨➇⿏䴻㾇⌙ 㨇炻侴⾓忇ᶳ㹹烊Ữ⎎ᶨ㕡朊炻⟙⏲ᷕ⮵ᶵ⎴Ⱄ⿏⎬⚳⽭枰㕥
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IMF, “IMF Note on Global Economic Prospects and Policy Changes,” February 25-26, 2012. http://www.imf.org/external/np/g20/022512.htm.
ၗҁЬကǵ҇୯ৎӒᐒϐਥྍᆶЦၰЎϯ!!3!
䓐⎬䧖屐⸋㓧䫾冯屉㓧㓧䫾䳬⎰炻ẍ性㼃⛐⌙㨇炻䨑⭂䴻㾇 ᷳ⻟婧炻忋⎴ IMF 䆇忳攟 Christine Lagarde ⛐㚫⼴ẍ㕘倆䧧㕡 ⺷炻⮵㕤⺢䩳ℐ䎫慹圵旚䀓䇮ᷳ⿍↯䰚炻悥ℵℵ德曚忁ᾳℐ 䎫㚨慵天䘬慹圵䳬䷼炻⮵㛒Ἦℐ䎫䴻㾇ね⊊⎗傥ら⊾ᷳ桐晒デ ⇘ㄪ⽫⾉⾉ˤ3 ḳ⮎ᶲ炻⮵䔞⇵ℐ䎫䴻㾇ね⊊デ⇘ㄪ⽫⾉⾉䘬炻ᶵ㬊 IMF 冯 G-20 屉攟ˣ埴攟Ᾱ炻怬⊭㊔⣂㔠䘬䴻㾇⬠侭冯↮㜸Ṣ⒉炻⍲ ᶨ凔㮹䛦ˤ⽆ 2007 ⸜攳⥳咻䅺䘬伶⚳ˬḴ㫉屠⌙㨇˭⇘ 2011 ⸜㕘ᶨ㲊䘬ˬ㫸⁝⌙㨇˭炻ᶵ䨑⭂䘬慹圵橼䲣⮵ℐ䎫䴻㾇䘬䘤 ⯽炻Ụ᷶㈽ᶳ㎖ᷳᶵ⍣䘬ⶐ⣏昘⼙ˤ媦居䇦䴻㾇⬠䋶⼿ᷣ炻 ⤪ Joseph StiglitzˣPaul Krugman 䫱炻⮵ℐ䎫䴻㾇䘬ˬ嬎⏲˭役 ⸜Ἦⷠ夳㕤⨺橼烊4↮㜸ⷓᶵ婾㗗 Martin Wolf炻ㆾ Harry Dent, Jr.炻ḇᶵ㕟⛘㍸愺叿ℐ䎫䴻㾇ᷕ㶙㰰䘬⌙㨇⯂㛒妋昌ˤ5˪䴻㾇 ⬠Ṣ暄娴˫ 炷The Economist炸 炷Mar 17th 2012炸⛐℞⭀㕡䵚䪁ᶲ ⮵嬨侭忚埴⌛㗪㮹婧烉⛐䔞⇵炻伶⚳䘬⣙㤕䌯ᶳ旵ˣ㴰屣⡆≈炻 㫸⃫⋨⌙㨇ⷞἮ䘬堘徨⮷㕤枸㛇炻ⶴ冀䴻㾇㬋怩⎹慵㔜ˤ➢㕤 忁ṃ㦪奨嶉尉炻ぐ炷嬨侭炸娵䁢ℐ䎫䴻㾇䴻㷉忶暋斄炷turned the corner炸Ḯ╶烎䳸㝄㚱崭忶⋲㔠䘬嬨侭炻⚆䫼ḮˬNO˭ˤ6
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IMF, “Statement by IMF Managing Director Christine Lagarde on G-20 Ministerial Meeting in Mexico City,” Press Release No. 12/58, February 26, 2012. http://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/pr/2012/pr1258.htm (date: 2012/3/18) Paul KrugmanǺ Ȥ྄ྐ܄ኢख़ബऍ୯൩ȥ Ǵ ȠᔮВൔȡ ǴլᎹୗឯǴ 2012/3/6Ƕhttp://edn.gmg.tw/column/print.jsp?aid=1359. (date: 2012/3/20); Financial Post, “Austerity a ‘suicide pact,’ Stiglitz says.” http://business.financialpost.com/2011/10/25/austerity-is-%E2%80%98suicid e-pact%E2%80%99-for-major-economies-stiglitz/. (date: 2012/3/20) Harry Jr. Dent & Rodney Johnson ǴЦි܃Ǻ Ȯ2012 εᑵచȯ ȞᆵчǺ ڬрޗހǴ2012ȟǶ The Economist, “Has the world economy turned the corner ?”
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ӄౚϯਔжޑЦၰЎϯǵޗബཥᆶ҉ុว
⤪㝄ℐ䎫⽑䓎忻嶗Ⲷ侴⌙㨇⚃ặ炻恋湤炻ㆹᾹㅱ娚ẍṨ 湤㧋䘬ㇳ㭝ㆾ㕡⺷Ἦ妋昌⌙㨇炻怩⎹✎徼␊烎⽆ IMF ⇘ Joseph StiglitzˣHarry Dent炻䛤悥㈽⎹⚳⭞炷the state炸 烉德忶⚳⭞㓧 䫾䘬婧㔜炻㈕廱䴻㾇柡⊊ˤ忁ṃ⚳⭞㓧䫾⎗傥⊭㊔炻屉㓧㓧䫾ˣ 屐⸋㓧䫾炻慹圵䭉⇞冯⍣䭉⇞炻ㆾ⚳晃⎰ἄ䫱䫱ˤ7䃞侴炻ẌṢ ⚘㒦䘬㗗炻忁ṃ⮰⭞⬠侭⮵怑䔞⚳⭞㓧䫾䘬䚳㱽炻⌣⋿廭⊿廵烉 Harry Dent 娵䁢㖐⛐∝忈屐⸋ὃ䴎炻⺽⮶暨㯪⡆≈䘬伶⚳倗㸾㚫 慷⊾⮔檮炷quantitative easing, QE炸㓧䫾炻⮯ᶵ⎗性⛘ⷞἮ㲉 㱓䴻㾇炻冯㲉㱓䟜塪⼴䘬ℐ䎫䴻㾇唕㡅炷the depression炸 烊8⎎ᶨ 㕡朊炻Joseph Stiglitz ⇯⮵㫸⁝⚳⭞䘬屉㓧冯慹圵䵲䷖㓧䫾炻㕍 ᷳ䁢冒㭢㓧䫾炷suicide炸烊9冯 Stiglitz 栆Ụ䘬䚳㱽Ṏ夳㕤 Paul Krugman ⮵伶⚳䴻㾇炻ㅱ娚ᶵ㕟≈⣏㋡㲐℔ℙ㈽屯≃忻炻ẍ↙ ⚈㕗⺷䴻㾇㓧䫾炷Keynesian Economics炸 炻㋥㓹㘗㯋⌙㨇䘬奨溆 ᷕˤ10 䴻㾇⬠侭䘬↮㬏䚳㱽ㆾ姙ᷭ㚱ᷳ炻Ữ䛤ᶳ炻ㆹᾹ暨朊 ⮵䘬慵天⓷柴㗗烉炷1炸⚳⭞䘬䴻㾇㓧䫾炻䛇䘬傥塓ẘ岜ẍ妋昌 䴻㾇⌙㨇炻䨑⭂㘗㯋㲊≽╶烎炷2炸⤪㝄䫼㟰㗗偗⭂䘬炻恋湤炻
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http://www.economist.com/economist-asks/has-world-economy-turned-corner/. (date: 2012/3/20) IMF, “Statement by IMF Managing Director Christine Lagarde on G-20 Ministerial Meeting in Mexico City,” Press Release No. 12/58, February 26, 2012. http://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/pr/2012/pr1258.htm. (date: 2012/3/ 18) Harry Jr. Dent & Rodney Johnson ǴЦි܃ǺȮ2012 εᑵచȯȄ Financial Post, “Austerity a ‘suicide pact,’ Stiglitz says.” http://business.financialpost.com/2011/10/25/austerity-is-%E2%80%98suicid e-pact%E2%80%99-for-major-economies-stiglitz/.(date: 2012/3/20) Paul KrugmanǺ Ȥ྄ྐ܄ኢख़ബऍ୯൩ȥ Ǵ ȠᔮВൔȡ ǴլᎹୗឯǴ 2012/3/6Ƕhttp://edn.gmg.tw/column/print.jsp?aid=1359. (date: 2012/3/20)
ၗҁЬကǵ҇୯ৎӒᐒϐਥྍᆶЦၰЎϯ!!5!
ㆹᾹㅱ㍉⍾ỽ䧖㕡㟰烎炷3炸⤪㝄⮵⓷柴ᶨ䘬䫼㟰㗗⏎⭂䘬炻恋 湤炻朊⮵㖍䙲柣䷩䘬䴻㾇堅㑲冯㊹㇘炻Ṣ栆天㓹ṉ⚾⬀炻↢嶗 ỽ⛐烎 天⚆䫼ᶲ徘⓷柴炻椾⃰炻ㆹᾹ⽭枰⮷⽫侤侤⛘性攳⬠侭Ᾱ 䘬䎮婾䇕嬘炻ẍ星ℍ⛐ᶵ⎴℠䭬ᷕ℟㚱䘬ᶵ⎴⃰槿`姕炷a prior hypothesis炸炻ẍ农星ℍ⎬婒⎬娙䘬徟⭖ᷕˤ⽆侴炻ㆹᾹ⼿ ẍ⚆⇘Ṣ栆㬟⎚䘤⯽䘬䎦⮎傰䴉ᷕ炻⊁⮎侫⮇⚳⭞ˣ⚳⭞㓧䫾炻 冯䔞ẋㆹᾹ䓇㳣㕤℞ᷕ䘬屯㛔ᷣ佑ⶪ⟜䴻㾇䣦㚫炻℞䚠ὅ䚠 ⬀䘬䘤⯽忶䦳䁢ỽ烎ṢᾹ⮵㕤⚳⭞㓧䫾傥妋㰢䎦⮎ⶪ⟜⓷柴䘬 㤪⾝炷perception炸㗗⤪ỽ䘤䓇冯嬲怟䘬烎㚨⼴炻ㆹᾹ⮯⽆ẍᶲ 䘬妶婾ᷕ炻娎⚾俁㡛↢ᶲ徘⓷柴䘬⎗傥妋䫼ˤ
ΒǵၗҁЬကޗ 䓇㳣⛐䔞Ṳᷳᶾ䘬ṢᾹ炻⼰⭡㖻℟㚱ᶨ䧖⌘尉烉娵䁢Ṳ⣑ ㆹᾹ幓嗽䘬屯㛔ᷣ佑䣦㚫炻⍲㥳ㆸ忁ᾳ䣦㚫䘬℟橼⃫䳈炻⤪ ⶪ⟜炷market炸ˣ屉䓊㪲炷ownership炸ˣ䓙₡㟤㨇傥ᷣ⮶䘬冒栀 ⿏Ṍ㖻⇞⹎炻㗗Ṣ栆⚢㚱䘬⁛㈧炷legacy炸ˤ㚜忚ᶨ㬍䘬⌘尉炻 ㆾ姙⎗傥シ嬀⇘炻忁㧋䘬⁛㈧炻ḇ姙ᶵℐ㗗冒⎌䃞炷⌛⽆⎌ ẋㆾ⮩⺢䣦㚫⌛⤪㬌炸 炻Ữḇ㗗㝸䧖䓙ˬ倂普Ṍ㖻˭⇘ˬℐ䎫⊾ ⶪ⟜˭䘬ˬ䘤⯽˭ 炷development炸 炻ㆾˬ㺼⊾˭ 炷evolution炸䳸㝄ˤ 㶙ℍ䘬㬟⎚侫⮇冯↮㜸炻⮯㊯↢㬌ᶨ娵䞍䘬拗婌烉屯㛔ᷣ 佑炻ㆾⶪ⟜䴻㾇炻⊭㊔℞屉䓊㪲䫱㥳ㆸ天䳈炻悥ᶵ㗗㬟⎚ᷕ䘬 ⚢㚱炻ḇᶵ㗗㝸䧖ˬ冒䃞㱽⇯˭ 炷natural law炸ᷣ⮶䘬㺼⊾忚䦳ˤ ⃀䭉⤪ Karl Polanyi 䫱⬠侭䘬婾徘炻㖑㚱≃⛘楩㕍Ḯᶲ徘
6
ӄౚϯਔжޑЦၰЎϯǵޗബཥᆶ҉ុว
⮵屯㛔ᷣ佑䘤⯽䘬拗婌娵䞍烉 ˬ⤪㝄嬻ḳ䈑冒䃞䘤⯽炻䳽ᶵ㚫䓊 䓇冒䓙ⶪ⟜˭炻11ỮㆹᾹṵ⎗ẍ⛐忁墉炻䓐ᶨᾳ䯉╖䘬ḳ⮎炻⮵ ᶲ徘娵䞍≈ẍ岒䔹冯⍵嫱烉 ˬ⛐⋩ḅᶾ䲨ᷳ⇵炻ṢᾹ嗽䘬䣦㚫 ✳ン炻冯Ṳ㖍䘬䣦㚫✳ン炻㚱ỽ㛔岒ᶲ䘬ⶖ䔘烎˭ ⮵⋩ḅᶾ䲨䘬㧁冱炻ᷫ⚈⋩ḅᶾ䲨炻㬋㗗Ṣ栆∝忈↢ㆹᾹ Ṳ㖍嗽䣦㚫✳ン䘬⇅⥳溆ˤ⛐㬌ᷳ⇵炻䣦㚫⽆℞䓇䓊≃ᶲ䘬 䈡岒ˣ䓇䓊斄Ὢ䘬✳ン炻⇘⎬䧖䣦㚫ᶲⰌ⺢䭱䘬㝞㥳炻⊭㊔㔯 ⊾⿅䵕ˣ䣦㚫䳸㥳ˣΐ䎮₡ῤˣ㱽⼳斄Ὢ炻ᷫ军ㆹᾹ⮯⛐晐⼴ 妶婾䘬⚳⭞✳ンˣ≇傥ˣ奺刚䫱炻悥冯㬌⼴ㆹᾹ娵䞍䘬炻㚱 叿㤝⣏䘬ⶖ䔘ˤ⣿䓐 Clayton Christensen 䫱䘬婒㱽炻⛐⋩ḅᶾ 䲨炻Ṣ栆⛐℞䣦㚫䳸㥳ᶲ炻㚱Ḯˬ㕟塪⿏䘬∝㕘˭炷disruptive innovation炸 ˤ12 ⛐䓇䓊≃ᶲ炻ᶵ╖╖Ἦ冒⮵⋩ᶫᶾ䲨䴻厴剥䘬呠㰥ℏ䅫 㨇冯暣⬠䫱䘤㖶炻㕤忁ᾳᶾ䲨ᷕ炻怬㚱⛐⓮⑩䓇䓊ᶲ䘬㒜⣏ㅱ 䓐烊䔞䃞炻忁ṃ㟡㸸㕤┇呁㗪㛇䥹⬠䘤䎦䘬䥹㈨䘤㖶炻䡢⮎⮯ Ṣ栆䘬傥≃冯夾慶炻㒜⻝⇘⇵㛒㚱炻ḳ⮎ᶲ忁ṃ䘤㖶忶⍣ḇ ⎒傥⬀⛐㕤䤆娙㓭ḳ䘬゛⁷ᷕˤ⬫ᾹἧṢ栆傥䦣ⰙᾺ㴟炻ἧṢ 栆傥㖍埴⋫慴炻傥俛倥叔慴ℓ㕡炻㚨慵天䘬㗗炻ἧṢⶍ⎗ẍㄹ 啱叿⬫Ᾱ炻䓇䓊↢忶⍣暋ẍ゛⁷䘬⣏慷䓊⑩炻᷎⮯℞廱⊾䁢Ṣ Ᾱ䘬䓇⬀屯㕁炻冯䣦㚫㊩临ˬ䘤⯽˭䘬≽≃ˤ䓇䓊≃䘬䨩梃䋃 忚炻㚜暨Ἦ冒䓇䓊斄Ὢ冯℞ⲩ䘬䣦㚫斄Ὢˣ䣦㚫㝞㥳䘬㓡 嬲烉ᶨᾳ⎗ẍ㸸㸸ᶵ䳽炻㍸ὃ⣏≽≃㨇☐⺈ᷕ暨䘬⊆≽ˬⶍ ㇳ˭ 炻ᶼἧⶍ屯ᾅ㊩Ỷ䘬⊆≽≃ⶪ⟜烊ᶨᾳ⎗ẍ㸸㸸ᶵ䳽炻㍸ 11 12
Karl Polanyi Ǵᐋ҇ǺȮ႐ᡂǺжࡹݯǵᔮޑଆྍȯȐᆵчǺ ᇻࢬрހϦљǴ1989ȑǴ। 238Ƕ Clayton Christensen etc., Disrupting class: how disruptive innovation will change the way the world learns (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2008).
ၗҁЬကǵ҇୯ৎӒᐒϐਥྍᆶЦၰЎϯ!!7!
ὃ㥳⺢⣏≽≃㨇☐⺈暨䘬屯㛔炻ᶼ傥⽆䣦㚫⣏䛦ㇳᷕ普屯 䘬屯㛔ⶪ⟜冯屐⸋㨇㥳烊ᶨᾳ⎗ẍ㸸㸸ᶵ䳽炻㍸ὃ⣏≽≃㨇☐ ⺈䓇䓊↢Ἦ䘬⣏慷⓮⑩炻⎗ẍ塓㴰屣䓙ᷳ廱⊾䁢⼿炻㚜 忚侴廱ㆸ䁢屯㛔䘬冒䓙屧㖻橼䲣ˤ13 ẍ⋩ḅᶾ䲨ỵ⯭ℐ䎫㚨⃰忚屯㛔ᷣ佑⣏⚳䘬劙⚳䁢ἳ烉⋩ Ḽᶾ䲨ẍἮ彭忇攳⯽䘬⚰⛘忳≽炻㏕惵 1601 ⸜䘬㾇屏㱽炻⮯塓 徸↢⁛䴙ℙ⎴橼彚㤕ㆾ⮷彚䓇㳣䘬彚㮹炻廱嬲䁢㔁⋨ᷕ⍿㓹㾇 䘬屏䩖⊆≽≃烊1834 ⸜劙⚳⚳㚫⮵ˬ⎚屻侘忋㱽˭ 炷Speenhamland Act炸䘬⺊昌炻⇯忚ᶨ㬍⮯㔁⋨ᷕ䘬屏㮹炻㍐ℍ䥩Ṣ䴻䆇䘬ⶍ⺈ ᷕ炻ἧ⣏慷⊆≽ὃ䴎䘬⊆≽ⶪ⟜ʇʇẍ⍲Ỷⶍ屯ʇʇㆸ䁢⎗傥ˤ ℞㫉炻劙㟤嗕戨埴炷Bank of England炸晾㖑㕤 1694 ⸜ẍ 㮹䆇戨埴⦧ンㆸ䩳炻Ữ䚜⇘ 1826 ⸜䁢妋㰢慹圵Ḫ尉⌙㨇䘬ˬ悱 㛹戨埴㱽˭ 炷Country Bankers’ Act炸䩳㱽炻⥳⮯屐⸋䘬䌐Ỽ䘤埴 㪲炻Ṍ军劙㟤嗕戨埴ᷳㇳˤ侴 1840 ⸜ẋ劙㟤嗕戨埴⮵ˬ慹㛔ỵ˭ ⇞⹎䘬䡢娵炻ἧᶨ⚳ᷳᷕ䘬戨埴橼䲣炻⼿ẍὅ䄏ˬᷕ⣖戨埴˭ 冯⓮㤕戨埴䘬↮䩳忚埴⇞⹎↮ⶍ炻忚侴ἧ屐⸋䘬ὃ䴎冯䓇䓊屯 㛔䘬暨㯪≈ẍ忋䳸炻᷎䓙⚳⭞忚埴慹圵䭉䎮炻ᶨ㕡朊㺧嵛䓇䓊 ≃䘤⯽䘬屯慹暨㯪炻ᶨ㕡朊㈹⇞屐⸋䘬ら⿏児僡ˤ⇘⋩ḅᶾ䲨 㛓⺧ᶾ䲨⇅炻䓙㕤⬀㫦戨埴䘬㘖⍲炻ẍ⍲屐⸋䘤埴冯屜慵慹Ⱄ 㸾⁁僓戌炻ἧ⼿慹圵屯㛔冯䓊㤕屯㛔攻㚜℟䵲⭮忋䳸ˤ⮎晃ᶲ炻 ᶵ╖⎒劙㟤嗕戨埴炻⊭㊔㱽嗕大戨埴炷Bank of France炻1800炸ˣ ⽟⚳⚳⭞戨埴炷German Reichsbank炻1875炸 ˣ㖍㛔戨埴炷Bank of Japan炻1882炸 炻⍲℞㥳䭱䘬屐⸋慹圵橼䲣炻悥⛐忁ᾳᶾ䲨ᷕ炻 晐叿⎬ᾳ㮹㕷⚳⭞炷national state炸䘬⼊ㆸ炻枮㫉ㆸ䩳炻⍵㗈Ḯ
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Karl Polanyi Ǵᐋ҇Ǻ Ȯ႐ᡂǺжࡹݯǵᔮޑଆྍȯ Ǵ। 233Ƕ
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ӄౚϯਔжޑЦၰЎϯǵޗബཥᆶ҉ុว
忁ᾳ⣏䓇䓊㗪ẋ䘬慹圵側⼙ˤ14 伶⚳䘬倗恎㸾⁁橼⇞炷Federal Reserve System炸晾䃞怚军 1913 ⸜ㇵㆸ䩳炻Ữ⋩ḅᶾ䲨慹㛔ỵ ⇞⹎ẍ⍲䥩Ṣ戨埴⭞炻⤪ John P. Morgan 䫱Ṣ炻⮵㕤伶⚳䓊㤕䘤 ⯽冯慹圵屯㛔攻䘬忋䳸炻䃉䔹斄᷶⣏天ˤ ⋩ḅᶾ䲨䘬⚳晃屧㖻炻䡢⮎晐叿慹㛔ỵ冯戨埴橼䲣⛐⎬⚳ 䘬䨑⭂⺢䩳炻侴⼿ẍ彭忇忚⯽ˤỮ炻ㆹᾹ⽭枰⮯枮⸷慸㶭烉冒 䓙屧㖻䘬ᶾ䓴ⶪ⟜䴻㾇橼䲣炻ᶵ㗗䓙㕤⎬ᾳ⚳⭞㛔⚳⼿⡆攟 㗪炻⚈ℏ悐暨㯪炷domestic demand炸䘬⡆≈炻ㆾ㝸䧖Ἦ冒㕤冒 䃞䘤⯽ㆾㆸ攟忈⯙䘬ℏ䓇⚈䳈炷indigenous variables炸 炻䈥≽ 䓊䓇烊䚠⍵䘬炻⊭㊔⾓忇ⶍ㤕⊾ˣ戨埴慹圵橼䲣⺢㥳炻冯⊆≽ ⶪ⟜⊾炻⛐⎬⚳⣂⋲➢⚈㕤⮵⢾悐⚈䳈炷exogenous variables炸 ᷳ⇢㽨⍵㗈侴ⷞ≽⼊ㆸˤ㖶䘥⛘婒炻䓙㕤屯㛔ᷣ佑䘤⯽冯⚳晃 斄Ὢᷕ炻ᷣ㪲炷sovereignty炸㤪⾝忈ㆸ䘬ἄ䓐炻ἧ⼿⋩ḅᶾ䲨 䘬ᶾ䓴ㆸḮ⤪ Theda Skocpol 婒炻ᶾ䓴屯㛔ᷣ佑橼䲣炷world capitalist system炸冯䪞䇕⚳⭞䘬⚳晃橼䲣炷international system of competing states炸ℑᾳ嶐⚳䳸㥳ℙ⎴ἄ䓐䘬⟜➇ˤ15⎬⚳䘬屯㛔 ᷣ佑ⶍ㤕⊾冯䚠斄惵⣿䘤⯽炻忋⎴ᶾ䓴䘬ˬ冒䓙˭屧㖻炻⽭枰 㓦⛐ˬẍ㮹㕷⚳⭞䁢╖ỵ炻䚠Ḻ䪞徸䴻㾇屯㸸˭忁ᾳ傰䴉ᶳ炻 ㇵ傥塓㬋䡢⛘䎮妋ˤḇ⚈㬌炻䓙屯㛔ᷣ佑䘤⯽ⷞἮ䘬ˬ⚳⭞ 冯䣦㚫䎦ẋ⊾˭ 炻⎴㧋⽭枰䓙㬌㈦⇘℞ˬᷳẍ⤪㬌˭䘬≽⚈ˤ Jean Bodin ⛐ 1576 ⸜䘤㖶ˬᷣ㪲˭忁ᾳ㤪⾝㗪炻㗗天䁢Ṿ 㓰⾈䘬㱽⚳䳽⮵ᷣ佑⏃ᷣ炻㈦⇘ᶨᾳ妋㰢⼴⮩⺢㗪㛇㶟Ḫᷳ ⚳ℏ㪲≃僓⸷䘬㕡㱽炻ἧ㪲≃冯㪲⇑炻⛐ˬ䤆㌰˭䘬⭋䧙ᶳ炻 14 15
Niall Ferguson ǴᓨǺ Ƞჾஙଆȡ ȐᆵчǺഝҖрޗހǴ2009ȑ Ǵ। 58-63Ƕ Theda Skocpol ǴቅчԋǺ Ȯ୯ৎᆶޗॠڮȯ ȐᆵчǺਦ߷კਜϦљǴ 1998ȑǴ। 22-25Ƕ
ၗҁЬကǵ҇୯ৎӒᐒϐਥྍᆶЦၰЎϯ!!9!
⼿ẍ⢇㕟㕤╖ᶨ⏃ᷣᷳㇳ䘬䎮䓙ˤ啱䓙ˬ⮵ℏ㚨檀˭䘬䦑⸷⬱ ㌺炻䳽⮵⏃ᷣ⎗ẍ⁷䎦ẋㆹᾹ䅇䞍䘬ˬ㚱㪲˭ᶨ凔炻㑩㚱 ˬ⮵⚳⭞䘬㌺Ṿ⿏㚱㪲˭ 炻ẍ㬌㶭䎮冒⎌ẍἮ炻䓙㕤䛦⣂⮩⺢ 媠ὗ↮㱣忈ㆸ䘬㓧㱣㪲≃↮⊾炻冯晐ᷳ侴Ἦ䘬䣦㚫䴻㾇ˬ⇑ 㪲˭ 炷⌛⇑䙲㬠Ⱄ炸㶟㵮ᶵ㶭䘬⓷柴烊⋩ᶫᶾ䲨ᷕ叱炻⛐⎬⚳䳽 ⮵⏃ᷣ徸㻠ㆸ⼊⼴炻䳸㜇⎬⚳柀⛇㇘䇕ᷳ大䘤⇑Ṇ䲬 炷Westfälischer Friede炸ᷳ䯥妪炻ἧˬᷣ㪲˭㤪⾝昌Ḯ⚳ℏ䘬ἄ 䓐⢾炻ḇ䴻䓙ˬ⮵⢾ⓗᶨ˭䘬⭋䣢炻侴⮯㫸㳚⎬⚳伖㕤㕘䘬⚳ 晃䦑⸷⬱㌺ᶳˤ䔞䃞炻⤪⎴ㆹᾹ䅇䞍䘬䎦ẋˬ㚱㪲˭㤪⾝炻 ᷣ㪲⛐⚳晃斄Ὢᷕ炻ᶵ婾⯙㓧㱣⇑䙲ㆾ䴻㾇⇑䙲䘬↮惵炻ḇ⚈ ˬ㌺Ṿ⿏䌐Ỽ˭侴忈ㆸ⚳冯⚳攻⛐⎬䧖ˬ㪲≃˭冯ˬ㪲⇑˭ᶲ 䘬䪞⎰炻⽆侴䓊䓇䪞䇕ʇʇ⽆⎎ᶨᾳ奺⹎侴妨炻⌛䁢㇘䇕ʇʇ ᷳ⽭枰⿏ˤẍ㇘䇕䡢⭂⮵㕤㝸ᶨ䈡⭂㪲⇑炷柀⛇ˣ䴻㾇⇑䙲ˣ ⶪ⟜ˣ㬾㮹⛘炻ㆾ℞Ṿ炸⛐⚳晃攻䘬ˬ㌺Ṿ⿏㬠Ⱄ˭ˤ ⤪㬌炻ⶍ㤕⊾ὧᶵℵ㗗ᶨ䧖ˬ➢㕤䴻㾇ㆸ攟˭ᶲ䘬⽭枰炻 侴㗗⛐ˬ䪞䇕⚳⭞⚳晃橼䲣˭ᷕ炻䓙㬌䆇忈⻟⣏⚳炻ㇻ岷⚳ 晃㇘䇕炻⍾⼿ˬᷣ㪲˭ 炷ẍⷠ䓐䘬婆妨Ἦ婒烉㋵堃⚳⭞ᷣ㪲䘬⬴ 㔜炸 炻ẍὧ⢇㕟㝸䧖⇑䙲ᷳˬ㚱㪲˭⽭枰ˤ侴䓙㕤⋩ḅᶾ䲨 ᷕ炻⸦᷶⣂㔠⚳⭞悥⛐忚埴栆Ụ䘬ˬᷣ㪲⊾˭冯ˬⶍ㤕⊾˭㓡 忈炻忁⯙⼊ㆸḮᶨᾳ䯉╖㶭㤂䘬⼊⊊烉⮵ảᶨ䴻㾇䣦㚫Ἦ婒炻 ⤪㝄ᶵ⤪℞Ṿ⚳⭞ᶨ凔炻⎴㧋忚埴ˬⶍ㤕⊾˭㓡忈炻᷎啱䓙ˬᷣ 㪲⊾˭䘬忶䦳⮯冒幓廱嬲䁢ˬ㮹㕷⚳⭞˭炷national state炸 炻⇯㚨 ず䘬⼴㝄炻⌛㗗ᶨ㖎塓⎎ᶨᾳˬ㮹㕷⚳⭞˭ㇻ㓿炻⣙⍣Ḯ ˬᷣ㪲˭ 炻⇯ᶵỮ⮯⎗傥⣙⍣⮵䣦㚫℔ℙḳ⊁㱣䎮䘬⍫冯㪲炻㚜 ⎗傥塓∅⤒⮵䴻㾇䈑岒䘬ṓ䓐㪲炷right to share炸 炻⽆侴╒⣙ˬ䓇 ⬀㪲˭ˤ ⚈㬌炻ᷣ㪲⊾䘬ˬ㮹㕷⚳⭞˭ 炻冯ⶍ㤕⊾䘬屯㛔ᷣ佑䣦㚫⺢
10
ӄౚϯਔжޑЦၰЎϯǵޗബཥᆶ҉ុว
㥳炻᷎⍫冯⚳晃屧㖻炻⛐忁㧋䘬㗪ẋ側㘗ᶳ炻᷎朆ˬ冒䃞侴䃞˭ 䘬䣦㚫䘤⯽㺼⊾䳸㝄烊⬫䓂军ᶵ㗗ᶨᾳ䴻㾇䣦㚫ᷕ炻ṢᾹ⎗ẍ 㑩㚱䘬怠枭炷option炸ˤ䎦⮎㗗炻⍫冯ⶪ⟜⊾ˣⶍ㤕⊾ˣ屯㛔ᷣ 佑⊾⌛䓇炻⏎⇯⌛ṉˤ⽆⋩ḅᶾ䲨䘬ⷅ⚳ᷣ佑㗪ẋ炻⇘⺧ᶨᶾ 䲨ℐ䎫⊾䓇䓊䘬㗪ẋ炻屯㛔ᷣ佑冯㮹㕷⚳⭞䘬䚠尴㚱媠⣂㓡 嬲炻Ữ㬌ᶨ㭀感䘬䣦㚫䴻㾇䓇⬀怷廗炻⇯⽆㛒⛐㛔岒ᶲ㚱ᶵ ⎴ˤ 屯㛔ᷣ佑䣦㚫䘬䘤⯽炻⽆⋩ḅᶾ䲨⇘Ṳ⣑炻≈媠㕤Ṣ栆幓 ᶲ炻䋞⤪ˬ傉嗧咼ㆾ㡵⫸˭ 炷carrot or stick炸 烉⤪㝄栀シ㚵⽆㬌ᶨ 媪ˬ冒䃞ᷳ␥忳˭ 炻⇯Ṣ栆⎗ẍ⽆ᷕ䌚农᷎ṓ⍿䴻㾇ㆸ攟ⷞ Ἦ䘬⸠䤷冯䤷䣱炷happiness and benefit炸 ˤỮ⤪㝄⾥夾⬫㉺䳽㍍ ⍿⬫炻⇯ᶵ⍿䚉劎暋炻䓂军⣙⍣ᶨ↯ˤ䃞侴炻⛐屯㛔ᷣ佑䘬 ˬㅱ姙⛘˭ 炷promised land炸ᷕ炻⌛ἧㆹᾹ栀シ冋㚵㕤℞䃉ᶲ夷 ⼳ᷳᶳ炻㗗⏎ṢᾹ⯙傥⽆㬌ᶨ↯⸠䤷伶⤥烎㈹ㆾ炻⤪㛔㔯ᶨ攳 柕㍸ᷳ䴻㾇⌙㨇炻㗗⏎シ␛Ṣ栆⛐崘⎹ᶲⷅᷳ❶⇵炻怬⽭枰 ⍿℞娎䃱烎⽆⎎ᶨᾳ奺⹎Ἦ䚳炻忁ᶨ↯㔯㖶冯䀥暋炻䔊䪇悥㗗 Ṣ冒ᶨㇳ忈ㆸ䘬ˤḇ姙炻Ṣ栆䘬㓹岾ᷳ搘炻⯙⛐ṢᾹ冒 幓ᶲˤ
ΟǵၗҁЬကޗύޑ୯ৎفՅ ⺞临叿ᶲᶨ䭨㍸⇘䘬ˬᷣ㪲˭㤪⾝炻ㆹᾹ⎗ẍ两临䓛婾 屯㛔ᷣ佑䣦㚫ᷕ䘬ˬ⚳⭞˭奺刚ˤ 䳽⮵⏃䌳ᷣ㪲⚳⭞炻⽆⋩ᶫᶾ䲨㛓攳⥳炻䳃䳃崘ℍ㬟⎚炻 塓媪ˬṢ㮹ᷣ㪲˭⚳⭞⍾ẋˤ侴ˬṢ㮹ᷣ㪲˭㤪⾝炻℞⮎ ⭻⏓叿婆シᶲ䘬⺼娕烉⤪㝄ˬᷣ㪲˭⎗ẍ塓㭼╣ㆸ℟䎦ẋシ佑 䘬ˬ㚨檀㚱㪲˭ 炻恋湤炻㚦䴻Ⱄ㕤⏃ᷣᶨṢㆾ䁢℞⭞㕷⢇㕟
ၗҁЬကǵ҇୯ৎӒᐒϐਥྍᆶЦၰЎϯ!!11!
䘬ˬ㚨檀㚱㪲˭ 炻ᶨ㖎怬媠㭷ᶨᾳṢ㮹炻恋⯙シ␛叿炻㭷ᶨᾳ Ṣ㮹悥㚱⮵⚳⭞䘬ˬ㚨檀㚱㪲˭ ˤ䃞侴䎦ẋ㚱㪲㤪⾝炻㛔幓 ⌛枸姕Ḯˬ㌺Ṿ⿏˭ㆾˬ⢇㕟⿏˭ 炻⚈侴㝸䈑劍⮵㚱Ṣ侴妨悥 䁢℞㚱炻⇯㝸䈑ㅱ䁢ᶵ℟㌺Ṿ⿏炷exclusive炸䘬℔ℙ屉炷public goods炸炻Ṏ⌛炻⬫ḳ⮎ᶲᶵ傥⮯℞ˬ㚱㪲˭句⮎⛐ảỽṢ幓 ᶲˤ嘇䧙䁢ˬṢ㮹ᷣ㪲˭䘬㮹㕷⚳⭞炻⤪㝄℞㚱㪲᷎ᶵ句⮎ 㕤ảỽ䈡⭂䘬⚳㮹幓ᶲ炻恋湤炻婘㑩㚱⚳⭞烎 Karl Marx ⛐ 1848 ⸜䘬ˬℙ䓊源⭋妨˭ᷕ炻⮵㬌⭋䧙炻䎦 ẋ屯㛔ᷣ佑⚳⭞⎒㗗ˬ䭉䎮屯䓊昶䳂ℙ⎴ḳ⊁䘬⥼⒉㚫˭ˤṎ ⌛炻⚳⭞㨇☐塓屯䓊昶䳂Ỽ㚱炻䁢⮎䎦屯䓊昶䳂⇑䙲侴⬀ ⛐ˤỮ⽆䎦ẋ䣦㚫䎮婾䘬奨溆奨ᷳ炻㬌⭋䧙ᶵ䚉⎰䎮ˤ⤪ Fred Block ⌛娵䁢炻㬌䧖⚳⭞䘬ⶍ℟婾炷instrumentalism炸ᶵỮ⾥夾 ⚳⭞ṇ暨䘬昌屯䓊昶䳂侴⢾炻℞Ṿ⎬䣦㚫昶Ⰼḇ⽭枰Ḱẍ娵⎴ ᷳˬ㬋䔞⿏˭ 炷legitimacy炸 炻Ṏ⮯ˬ屯㛔ᷣ佑䘤⯽˭ᷳ⇑䙲冯ˬ屯 㛔⭞˭ᷳ⇑䙲㶟䁢ᶨ婯ˤṾ娵䁢炻⛐䣦㚫㥳旸⇞ᶳ炻屯㛔ᷣ佑 ⚳⭞⽭枰䄏栏屯㛔ᷣ佑炷⽆侴㗗屯㛔⭞炸䘬攟㛇䘤⯽炻ἧ屯㛔 ⼿ẍ䳗䧵炻ἧ⚳⭞傥䓙℞ᷕ㰚⍾屯㸸ẍ临⬀炻侴㼃⛐㈽屯Ṣ䘬 ⓮㤕ᾉ⽫炷business confidence炸⼿ẍᾅ㊩炻⚈ᷳ⚳⭞ṵ℟㚱ˬ䚠 ⮵冒ᷣ⿏˭ 炷relative autonomy炸 ˤ䁢忼ㆸᶲ徘䚖㧁炻⚳⭞ṵ⎗傥 ⸚枸冒䓙ⶪ⟜䴻㾇炻᷎栏⍲⊆≽昶䳂䘬⇑䙲炻侴⚳⭞㬌冱炻ㆾ ⮯冯屯㛔⭞䘬䞕㛇⇑䙲䚠Ḻ堅䨩ˤ16 堉媠㬟⎚炻1688 ⸜䘬㥖朑␥炻⎗ẍ夾䁢劙⚳屯䓊昶䳂䘬 ᶵ㳩埨㓧嬲烉ṾᾹ啱䓙槭徸䃉夾㕘冰屯䓊昶䳂⇑䙲䘬⏃ᷣ炻冯 㕘䌳妪⭂旸⇞䌳㪲䘬䩳ㅚ⣹䲬炻⮯⚳⭞ᷣ㪲䦣廱⇘屯䓊昶䳂
16
Fred Block, Revising State Theory (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1987), pp. 53-62.
12
ӄౚϯਔжޑЦၰЎϯǵޗബཥᆶ҉ុว
㍏⇞䘬⚳㚫ㇳᷕˤ㕤㗗炻䚠⮵㕤ˬ⏃㪲䤆㌰˭普㪲⊾⍲⢇㕟⿏ 䘬⚳⭞㪲≃炻廱侴䁢䎮婾ᶲˬṢṢ⸛䫱˭ 炷born to be equal, or created equal炸䘬ˬ⣑岎Ṣ㪲˭ 炻Ṏ⌛ˬ䓇␥㪲ˣ冒䓙㪲ˣ屉䓊㪲˭ 䘬℟橼句⮎侴⬀⛐ˤṢ䓇侴⸛䫱炻⽭枰㑩㚱䓇␥冯冒䓙侴临⬀炻 㬌䁢䔞䃞ᷳ䎮炻ỮṢ䓇侴㑩㚱屉䓊㪲炻ᶼ娚屉䓊㪲ᶵ傥䁢⚳⭞ ảシὝ⭛炻忁⯙⁷㗗䁢屯䓊昶䳂慷幓妪 䘬㡅㫦炻侴㻈夾⛐ 屯㛔⭞ᷣ⮶䘬䣦㚫䴻㾇ᷕ炻䃉䓊昶䳂晾䃞䨢㚱屉䓊㪲炻⌣⛐⮎ 岒ᶲ䃉㱽㑩㚱屉䓊䘬ḳ⮎ˤ劙⚳⚳㚫⮵⚰⛘㱽䘬➭㊩炻⮵㾇屏 ⇞⹎䘬ᾖ㬋炻⮵䃉䓊侭㈽䤐㪲䘬旸⇞炻⮵ⶍ屯㯜㸾䘬⡻㈹炻ᷫ 军㕤⮵ⶍ㚫⍲伟ⶍ䘬㔝夾炻悥ℵℵ栗䣢炻 ˬ⣑岎Ṣ㪲˭ᷕ䘬ˬṢ˭ 炻 ᷎朆ᶨ攳⥳⯙⊭㊔Ḯ⊆≽昶䳂ˣ屏彚炻ㆾ℞Ṿ䃉䓊侭炷䔞䃞炻 㚜⇍㍸⨎⤛炻ẍ⍲⻙⊊㕷塼Ṣ⢓炸 ˤ ⯙㬌炻Polanyi 婾⇘炻➢㕤⋩ḅᶾ䲨攳⥳徠䘤䘬⣏䓇䓊≃炻 暨天₡⊆≽≃惵⎰䘬䎦⮎炻ἧˬ䔞㗪䘬䴻㾇⬠⭞Ᾱ㓦㡬ḮṆ 䔞ɀ⎚⭮㕗ᷳṢ㔯ᷣ佑➢䢶˭ˤ⋩ℓᶾ䲨㛓 Adam Smithˬ䘬叿 ἄ墉㰺㚱㘿䣢忶屯㛔⭞䘬䴻㾇⇑䙲㰢⭂Ḯ䣦㚫䘬⼳⇯烊Ṿḇ㰺 㚱㘿䣢忶屯㛔⭞⯙㗗㓗惵䴻㾇ᶾ䓴ᷳ䤆俾㖐シ䘬ᶾ䘤妨Ṣ 炢ɃɃ炣⎚⭮㕗㈲⚳⭞䘬屉夾䁢⚳㮹䓇㳣炷⊭㊔䈑岒䘬冯䱦 䤆䘬炸䘬ᶨᾳ㨇傥˭炻17⚳⭞䘬屉ㅱ䔞㚨⼴㚫ˬ冒䃞⛘˭⎹ᶳ 㺚句⛐㭷ᶨᾳ⚳㮹幓ᶲ炻䓙⚳㮹ℙṓˤỮ⋩ḅᶾ䲨⇅䘬 Thomas Malthus 冯 David Ricardo ⌣ẍⶍ屯揝⼳炷iron law of wages炸 炻⭋ 䣢⊆≽ⶍṢⶍ屯炻攟㛇⮯⸛堉㕤⎗䵕㊩℞㚨Ỷ䓇⬀枰ᷳ㯜 㸾炻᷎夾℞䁢ˬ冒䃞㱽⇯˭炷natural law炸ˤ栗䃞炻Adam Smith 䘬冒䓙ⶪ⟜㨇傥炻⍲䓙℞∝忈䘬屉炻⛐⋩ḅᶾ䲨屯㛔ᷣ佑 䣦㚫䘬㓧㱣䴻㾇⬠奨溆ᷕ炻᷎ᶵⰔ㕤⊆≽侭䘬ˬ冒䃞㪲⇑˭ ˤᶵ 17
Karl Polanyi Ǵᐋ҇Ǻ Ȯ႐ᡂǺжࡹݯǵᔮޑଆྍȯ Ǵ। 204Ƕ
ၗҁЬကǵ҇୯ৎӒᐒϐਥྍᆶЦၰЎϯ!!13!
⤪㬌炻䁢䵕嬟䓙ˬ冒䃞㱽⇯˭㍐≽䘬䴻㾇䣦㚫䘤⯽炻᷎〒 ⬰ˬ㚱旸㓧⹄˭ 炷constrained government炸䘬Ṣ㪲ᾅ晄⍇⇯炻⚳ ⭞㚨⤥䘬奺刚炻⯙㗗䚳⬰侭炷night guard炸 ˤ㎃妨ᷳ炻⚳⭞ㅱ㍉ ⍾ˬ冒䓙㓦ả˭ 炷laissez faire炸㓧䫾炻㓦ㇳ嬻屯㛔⭞啱䓙㚱冒 䓙ⶪ⟜ᷕ䘬⛯堉Ṍ㖻炻⍣⮎䎦≇⇑ᷣ佑ᶳ䣦㚫㚨⣏䘬䤷䣱ˤ ˬ1832 ⸜炻ᷕ䓊昶䳂⍾⼿㓧㱣⊅⇑ᷳ⼴炻㾇屏㱽ᾖ㬋㟰⯙ẍ㚨 㽨䁰䘬⼊⺷↢䎦炻ᶼᾱὫẀ媠⮎㕥炻侴ᶵ⭡姙ảỽ忶㷉㛇ˤ冒 䓙㓦ả䴻廱⊾䁢ᶨᶵ⥍⋼ᷳ㭀㙜埴䁢䘬≽≃ˤ˭18 Ữ㽨忚冒䓙㓦ả⍇⇯ᶳ䘬⚳⭞炻䛇䘬㗗ᶨ䃉ἄ䁢䘬⚳⭞ ╶烎Polanyi 两临㊯↢烉 ˬ䔞㗪ᷣ天䘬冒䓙屧㖻ⶍ㤕炻⌛䳉䷼㤕炻 ⌛㗗䓙ᾅ嬟⿏䘬斄䦭ˣ⢾扟墄層ˣẍ⍲攻㍍ⶍ屯庼≑䫱㈞㊩ㇳ 㭝∝忈↢Ἦ䘬炻冒䓙㓦ả炷㓧䫾炸㛔幓ḇ㗗䓙⚳⭞⻟埴⮎㕥䘬ˤ 1830ˣ40 ⸜ẋᶵỮ↢䎦⎬䧖䩳㱽炻ẍ⺊昌⎬䧖旸⇞⿏䘬䭉⇞炻 ⎴㗪ḇ⣏⣏⡆⻟㓧⹄䘬埴㓧≇傥炻㓧⹄⛐㬌㗪䴻䓙ᶨ普ᷕ䘬 ⭀₂橼䲣Ἦ㍐≽冒䓙ᷣ佑ᾉ⼺Ᾱ㍸↢䘬⎬䧖㍒㕥ˤ˭ ˬ⇘ 1930 ⸜ẋ炻䴻㾇冒䓙ᷣ佑ㇵ攳⥳℟㚱⋩⫿幵凔䘬䅙⾙炻侴冒䓙㓦ả ⇯嬲䁢ᶨ⤥㇘䘬ᾉ㡅ˤ˭19㎃妨ᷳ炻⋩ḅᶾ䲨⇵㛇䘬ˬ冒䓙㓦ả˭ ᷣ⻝炻㗗䁢ἧ屯㛔⭞⛐䴻䓙⎬䧖冒䓙ⶪ⟜忳ἄᶳ炻㒜⣏℞⇑㼌 冯䓇䓊炻⽆侴ἧ屯㛔ᷣ佑䣦㚫䴻㾇⾓忇䘤⯽炻䳗䧵䣦㚫屉䘬 ˬ㓧䫾ㇳ㭝˭ˤ忁㧋䘬㓧䫾ㇳ㭝ᶵỮ暨天啱䓙⚳⭞≃慷Ἦ⬴ㆸ炻 ᶼḳ⮎ᶲ炻⬫Ὣㆸᶨᾳ冒⋩ḅᶾ䲨军Ṳ㖍㖍䙲漸⣏䘬ˬ埴㓧⚳ ⭞˭䘬㻠㫉⼊ㆸˤ⤪㬌炻Karl Marx ⛐㝸㕡朊㗗⮵䘬烉䎦ẋ⚳⭞ 㗗ἄ䁢⮎䎦屯㛔⭞⇑䙲䘬ⶍ℟ㇳ㭝侴塓⟹忈㕤Ṣ栆䣦㚫ˤ Karl Marx 䘬ˬℙ䓊源⭋妨˭炻⽆⎎ᶨ㕡朊Ἦ婒炻ḇ溆↢Ḯ
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ӕຏǴ। 235-236Ƕ ӕຏǴ। 235-238Ƕ