ModernInterpretationofAuthenticity
inArchitecturalConservation: AnAnalysisoftheReconstructionof theGlazedPagodaofGrandBao'enTemple
CHENGSIYUE
A0283756N
ADissertationsubmittedfortheDegreeof MasterofArtsInArchitecturalConservation atthe
DepartmentofArchitecture
NationalUniversityofSingapore
Supervisor:ProfJohannesWidodo April2024
Acknowledgements
I'dliketoexpresssincerethankstothefollowingpeoplefortheirinvaluable assistanceinwritingthispaper.
Firstandforemost,Iamgratefultomysupervisor,ProfessorJohannesWidodo, whonotonlyguidedmethroughthecompletionofthisthesisbutalsogaveme invaluableadviceandguidance.Iamalsogratefultotheotherprofessorsinour department:ProfessorsHoPuay-Peng,WongYunnChii,andNickhilJoshi,fortheir expertteachingandprofessionalsupport.
I'dalsoliketothankmyfriendsandclassmatesfortheircareandsupport,which hasmademylifeinaforeigncountrylesslonely Atlast,andmostimportantly,Imustexpressmysincerethankstomyparentsfor theirunwaveringsupportandlove,whichhavealwaysbeenmymostdependable sourceofcomfortandsecurity
Abstract
Thisstudymainlydiscussestheconservationandmodernpresentationofthe GlazedPagodaofGrandBao'enTemple,focusingonthebalancebetween authenticityandtraditionalarchitecturalvalueandmoderntechnicalconservation, withspecialattentiontothemodernreinterpretationofhistoricalauthenticityand innovativemethodsofusingmodernmaterialsandtechnologiesinrestoration practice.Thisstudydevelopsatheoreticalframeworktosupportthesystematic analysisoftraditionalarchitecturalconservationtheorybasedonathorough literaturereview.Theuseofcasestudymethods,particularlythecomparisonof theGlazedPagodaofGrandBao'enTempleinChinaandtheIseJinguinJapan, emphasizesdifferentapproachestoarchitecturalpreservationandtheirimpacton historicalintegrity.Atthesametime,itemphasizesthecomplexrelationship betweenmaintainingtheoriginalarchitecturalaestheticsandthenecessary modernintervention,advocatesacarefulunderstandingofconservationpractices, respectsthehistoricalauthenticitywhileacceptingthelimitationsofTheTimes, andaimstoprovidemorepossibilitiesfortheprocessofarchitecturalcultural heritageprotectionthroughthisstudy
Keywords: ArchitecturalConservation,HistoricalAuthenticity,ModernReconstruction Techniques,theGlazedPagodaofGrandBao'enTemple
ListofFigures
Figure1:TheoreticalFrameworkofTraditionalArchitectureConservationand Inheritance(Source:Self-drawn)...................................................................................................14
Figure2:OriginalGrandBao’enTempleFullFigure(Photo:Dual-EvidenceBased ResearchoftheConstructionLogicBehindthePastandSubsequentDevelopments oftheMingJinlingDabaoenTemplebyChenWei).................................................................24
Figure3:ConceptionandLatestRestorationPlanofGrandBao’enTemple(Photo: Dual-EvidenceBasedResearchoftheConstructionLogicBehindthePastand SubsequentDevelopmentsoftheMingJinlingDabaoenTemplebyChenWei)24
Figure4:DaytimeViewoftheGlazedPagoda(Photos:Author) 25
Figure5:LightSteelStructureoftheGlazedPagoda(Photos:Author)25
Figure6:LightweightGlasswithMultipleProcesses(Photos:Author)25
Figure7:WindChimesandUrbanLandscapeUnderCornerBeams(Photo: Author)......................................................................................................................................................26
Figure8:TheGlazedPagodaLightsUpatNight(PhotoSource:GlassPastLifeGlass PresentLifeNanjingDabaoEnTowerLiuYan).......................................................................26
Figure9:TheleftpictureisthehistoricalrestorationoftheGlazedPagoda;The rightpictureisthereconstructionoftheGlazedPagodastructuremodel(Source: HistoryFlowsasItShouldbyChenWei)....................................................................................30
Figure10,11,12:RemainsofthefoundationinsidethenewlybuiltGlazedPagoda, themoderndisplayoftheoriginalbeamsandcolumnshangingonandthenew interactivespaceinside(Photo:Self-taken)..............................................................................31
1.Introduction
1.1ResearchBackgroundandObjectives
1.1.1IntroductiontotheHistoryandCulturalValueoftheGlazedPagodaofGrand Bao'enTemple
1.1.1.1HistoricalBackground:
TheGrandBao'enTemple'sGlazedPagodainNanjinghasaverylonghistory,which canbetracedbacktotheJianchuMonasteryduringtheThreeKingdomsperiod. Later,itunderwentcontinuouschanges,experiencingrenamingandreconstruction bysuccessivedynastiesIttransformedfromChangganMonasterytoTianxi MonasteryDuringtheMingDynasty,EmperorChengzuZhuDidecreedthe constructionofanimperialtemplecoveringanareaoffourhundredacresand namedittheGrandBao'enTemple,builtwithitsmagnificentandcomplex constructiontechniquesTheGlazedPagoda,completedafter17yearsof construction,holdsextremelyhighvalueinbotharchitectureandhistoryThe GlazedPagodaofthattimewasconstructedbythenavigatorZhengHe,withnine layers,entirelymadeofglazedtiles.AsthemostdistinctivelandmarkofNanjingat thattime,theGrandBao'enTemple'sLiuliPagodawaspraisedbyWesternersas the"PorcelainPagodaofNanjing."Eventoday,countriesliketheUnitedStatesstill considertheGlazedPagodaasoneoftherepresentativesofChinesearchitecture, comparingittotheRomanColosseum,thecatacombsofAlexandria,andthe LeaningTowerofPisa,callingitoneoftheSevenWondersoftheMedievalWorld. ItsimagestilladornsChinesetakeoutboxes.However,thispagoda,hailedasthe
"NumberOnePagodaintheWorld"bybothChineseandforeigners,hassuffered variousdamagesoverthepastfewcenturies.Initially,naturalfactorssuchas lightningandfire,aswellaswooddecay,causeddamage.Later,duringthewarin 1854,itwascompletelydestroyed,andtheoriginalstructureoftheGlazedPagoda vanishedforeverintotheannalsofhistory.
1.1.1.2BuildingStatus:
ThesiteofGrandBao'enTempleisthe"highestspecification,largestscale,and mostcompletepreservedancienttemplesiteinChina"Inthebeginningofthe21st century,thelocalgovernmentconceivedtheideaofrebuildingtheGlazedPagoda ofGrandBao'enTempleThusbeganaseriesofsurveysandinspectionsInthis professionalandin-deptharchaeologicalresearchprocess,itwasfirstproventhat theGrandBao'enTempleareahasextremelyhighhistoricalresearchvalue, especiallytheundergroundpalacebeneaththeGlazedPagoda,whichcontains manypricelesstreasuresVariousBuddhist-relatedtreasurescanbetracedbackto theSongDynasty,amongwhichtheAshokaStupaandtherelicsoftheBuddhaare raretreasuresintheworld.However,unfortunately,theGlazedPagodahaslong beenunrecognizableduetomultiplenaturalandman-madedamages,leavingonly someruinsforpeopletoimagineitspastglory.Duetothelackofaccuratedesign drawingsoftheGlazedPagodaandthelossofancientglazedconstruction techniques,aswellastheneedtominimizedamagetotheundergroundpalace,the responsibleexpertsintherelevantfieldsdecidedtousenewconstruction
techniquesandstructurestorebuildtheGlazedPagoda.Atthesametime,this approachwouldalsomaximizetheprotectionofthesite.Therefore,theprojectof rebuildingtheGlazedPagodaofGrandBao'enTemplewastransformedintothe constructionoftheGrandBao'enTempleSiteProtectionPark.Thenewly constructed"GlazedPagoda"iscomposedofsteelstructureandglass.The lightweightsteelstructureandwell-translucentglassnotonlyreducethe load-bearingpressureontheundergroundpalacebutalso,whenilluminatedat night,recreatethebrillianceofthe"142nightlightslightingupthenightsky"as recordedinancienttexts
112ResearchObjectivesandSignificance
Sincethereconstruction,therehasbeenconsiderablecontroversyinvarious sectorsofsocietyregardingthisGlazedPagodareconstructionprojectSome believethatthenewpagodahascompletelylostitsoriginalhistoricalcharm, becominga"fakeantique,"whileothersarguethat"historyisaprocessof continuousinnovation,"andexpressingancientarchitectureinanewarchitectural languageisamanifestationofadaptingtothechangesofthetimes. Therefore,thepurposeofthisstudyisproposed:"authenticity."Whatexactly constitutestheauthenticityofancientarchitecture?Doestheprocessofrepairing andrebuildingancientarchitectureadheretoitsauthenticity?TakingtheGlazed PagodaofGrandBao'enTempleasanexample,thereconstructionprocessinvolves
changesandreproductionsofancientarchitecture,whichindeedaffectthe authenticityoftheGlazedPagodafromcertainperspectives.Authenticityinthe conservationofancientarchitecturalheritagereferstotheoriginalprimitive characteristicspreservedthroughoutthehistoricalevolutionofancient architecture.IntheprocessofthereconstructionoftheGlazedPagodaofGrand Bao'enTemple,architectsandexpertshaveutilizedthelatestmaterialssuchas steelstructuresandglassforrenovation,whichdiffersfromthewaytheancient glazedpagodawasconstructed.Therefore,theviewpointthattheGlazedPagodais a"fakeantique"mostlystemsfromthis
However,whetherthereconstructiontrulyunderminestheauthenticityofancient architecturecanbeevaluatedfromdifferentperspectivesReconstructionthrough modernmeansenablestherevivalofdestroyedancientarchitecturalsites,whichis aneffectivemeansofinheritingthehistoricalvalueofarchitecture,providing contemporarypeoplewiththeopportunitytore-experiencethearchitecturalstyle ofancienttimes.Therefore,whetherthereconstructionoftheGlazedPagodaof GrandBao'enTempleisconsideredtounderminetheauthenticityofancient architectureremainsaquestiontobeexplored.Bydelvingintothetopicof authenticity,furtherprotectionandinheritanceoftheculturalandspiritualaspects ofancientarchitecturecanbeachieved.
Throughanin-depthunderstandingoftheoriesrelatedtothepreservationand
inheritanceofancientarchitecture,aswellasananalysisoftheimportanceof historicalculture,combinedwithacasestudyfocusingontheGlazedPagodaof GrandBao'enTempleinNanjing,thispaperwillattempttoexplorewaysto maintaintheauthenticityofancientarchitecturalheritageasmuchaspossible underthemainpurposeofpreservingandinheritingculturalheritage.
1.2ResearchQuestionsandFocus
1.2.1CoreResearchQuestions
Inexploringthereconstructionandpreservationofancientarchitectureand authenticity,thispaperwillprimarilyfocusontheprotection-relatedissuesofthe GlazedPagodasiteofGrandBao'enTempleinNanjingThecorequestionswill mainlyrevolvearoundthefollowingaspects:MeaningofAuthenticityinAncient Architecture:Thedefinitionandunderstandingofauthenticityinancient architecture,aswellasthedemandsandexpectationsforauthenticityin contemporarysocietalandculturaldevelopmentInfluenceofDecision-makingon theProtectionandReconstructionoftheGlazedPagodaSiteofGrandBao'en Temple:Examiningtheimpactofdecisionsontheprotectionandreconstructionof thepagodasiteontheunderstandingofauthenticityinancientarchitectureby varioussectorsofsociety.BalanceBetweenAuthenticityandInterpretationby ModernTechnology:Exploringthecombinationofauthenticityinancient architectureandmoderninterpretationtoachievetheeffectofprotectingthe authenticityofhistoricalculturewhilepreservingandinheritingancient
architectureintheprocessofmodernization.
1.2.2EstablishmentofResearchFocusandAreasofConcern
Thisstudywillfocusonthefollowingaspects:
ResearchonTheoriesRelatedtoAuthenticityinAncientArchitecture:By delvingintotheconceptandtheoryofauthenticityinancientarchitecture, establishingatheoreticalframeworkregardingtheauthenticityofancient architecturalpreservation,andprovidingtheoreticalsupportforsubsequent research
CaseAnalysisoftheProtectionandReconstructionoftheGlazedPagodaSiteof GrandBao'enTemple:Throughtheanalysisofpracticalcasesoftheprotection andreconstructionprocessoftheGlazedPagodasiteofGrandBao'enTemple inNanjing,exploringtheimpactofmodernmeansofreconstructiononthe protectionandinheritanceofancientarchitecture
RoleandSignificanceofModernTechnologyintheProtectionofAncient Architecture:Throughcaseanalysisanddatacollection,exploringthebalance betweenauthenticityandmodernizationintheprocessofprotectingand restoringancientarchitecture,andprovidingmoreinformationreferencesfor thesubsequentprocessofprotectingbuildings.
2.LiteratureReview
2.1Theoreticalframeworkoftraditionalarchitectureconservationand inheritance
2.1.1Discusstheimportanttheoreticalviewpointsandmethodologyoftraditional architectureprotectionandinheritance:
2.1.1.1Importanttheoreticalviewsontheprotectionandinheritanceoftraditional architecture Inordertoestablishatheoreticalframeworkfortheprotectionandinheritanceof traditionalarchitecture,itisnecessarytofirstunderstandtheimportant theoreticalviewpointsandmethodologiesoftheprotectionandinheritanceof traditionalarchitectureByreviewingtheimportanttheoreticalviewpointsand methodologies,wecanbettershapeasetofunderstandingandassessment methodsforthevalueofarchitecturalheritage,whichistheprinciplebasisfor studyingtheprotectionofarchitecturalheritageTheprotectionoftraditional architecturalheritageisnotonlytoprotectthearchitecturalstructureofits appearance,butalsotoprotectitshistorical,culturalandsocialvalues,whichisthe coreofestablishingatheoreticalframeworkfortheprotectionoftraditional architecture,andrequiresacomprehensiveunderstandingandunderstandingof thevalueofarchitecturalheritageinbothmaterialandintangibleaspects. Theinternationalcommunityhasreachedaconsensusontheprotectionof traditionalarchitecturalheritage,startingwiththeVenetianCharter,whichisbest
knownintheindustry.TheVenetianChartermainlyemphasizestheprotectionof thephysicalandstructuralintegrityofbuildings,avoidsanyformofreconstruction, andonlyallowsrestorationtoensurethepreservationofbuildings.Theuseof traditionaltechniquesandmaterialsforrestorationisadvocatedtomaintainthe authenticityandhistoricityofthebuilding,whilealsoemphasizingthatthe environmentandbackgroundofthehistoricbuildingshouldalsobeprotectedto maintainitshistoricalvalueandsignificance.Iftraditionaltechniquesand materialscannotbeusedforrestoration,itisproposedinArticle10ofthe RestorationchapteroftheVenetianCharter:"Whentraditionaltechniquescannot solvetheproblem,anymodernstructuralandconservationtechniquescanbeused tostrengthentheculturalrelicbuildings,butsuchtechniquesshouldhave sufficientscientificbasisandhavebeenprovedeffectivebyexperiments"Thisisa verystrictprotectionrequirementforhistoricalbuildings,butitcanreally guaranteethe"authenticity"oftraditionalbuildingstothegreatestextent
Later,withtheBuraCityCharter,theNairobiRecommendationandsoon,the internationalcommunitygraduallyformedasetofguidingprinciplesonthe conservationoftraditionalbuildings.Theseprinciples,inadditiontothe authenticityofbuildingshighlightedintheaforementionedVenetianCharter, includethepreservationofarchitecturalintegrity,sensitivitytothebuilt environment,restorationusingtraditionalmaterialsandtechniques,andthe importanceofcommunityparticipationandstakeholdercooperation.
Similarly,inChina,theprinciplesgoverningtheprotectionofancientbuildings haveevolvedwiththetimes,andsincethe1930s,Chinahasgainedextensive experienceintheprotectionofculturalrelicsandancientbuildings.Althoughthe legalsystemisrelativelystable,theprotectionconceptforancientbuildingsisstill developingandevolving,andamorescientificprotectionconceptisrequiredto guidepractice.LiuNaitaomentionedin"OntheConservationConceptofChinese AncientBuildings"thatrestorationisaprocessofjudgment,thatis,aprocessof historicaljudgmentofancientbuildingsintheprocessofrestoration,andaprocess ofconstantreflection,observationanddeterminationIntheprocessofevaluation, itisnecessarytofindoutwhatcausesthediseaseofancientbuildings,andto distinguishwhetherthediseaseiscausedbyman-madeornaturalfactors,and timeisusuallyafactorthatincreasesthediseaseUnderstandingthedamage processofancientbuildingsandwhethertheyshouldbepreservedordemolished Respectancientbuildings,history,andmaterialsArticle22ofthe"Guidelinesfor theProtectionofCulturalRelicsandMonumentsinChina"states:"Theuseof protectiontechniquesinaccordancewiththeprotectionrequirements."Unique traditionalcrafttechniquesmustbepreserved.Allnewmaterialsandprocesses mustbetestedandstudiedintheearlystagetoprovethattheyareeffectiveand harmlesstoculturalrelicsbeforetheycanbeused."
2.1.1.2Methodologyoftraditionalarchitectureprotectionandinheritance
Asformethodology,traditionalarchitecturalconservationhasalwaysfocusedon
interdisciplinary,multi-fieldthree-dimensionalandcomprehensiveprotection, adoptingamultidisciplinaryapproach,combiningknowledgefromhistory, architecture,urbanplanningandsociology.Thisapproachnecessitatesnotonly focusingonasinglebuilding,butalsoconsideringthesurroundingenvironment andthelargerurbanlandscape.Atthesametime,inmoderntimes,the sustainabilityofbuildingconservationhasgrowninimportance,necessitatinga betterbalancebetweenbuildingconservation,economicdevelopment,and sustainabledevelopment.InChina,consideringthestructuralandmaterial characteristicsofChina'shistoricalbuildings,morescientificprotectionmethods areneededaccordingtolocalconditionsInChina,specialemphasisisplacedon theimportanceofaestheticsandhistoricityintheprotectionofancientbuildings, aswellasthenecessityoftraditionalcraftsmanship
Throughthesetheoreticalviewpointsandmethodologicalframeworks,the protectionoftraditionalbuildingscanbemoresystematicandcomprehensive,not onlyprotectingthebuildingitself,butalsotransmittingthedeepculturalmeaning containedintraditionalhistoricalbuildings,benefitinggenerationsofpeople.
2.1.2Researchstatusanddevelopmenttrendinthefieldoftraditionalbuilding protection
2.1.2.1Researchstatus
Atpresent,theinternationalresearchontraditionalbuildingprotectionpaysmore attentiontointerdisciplinarycooperation,whichmainlyappliestheknowledgeof architecture,history,materialsscienceandsociologyintothetheoryandpractice ofbuildingprotection.Interdisciplinaryresearchisbettersuitedtosolvingsome specificproblemsassociatedwithtraditionalbuildingprotectioninamore convenientandbasedmanner.Isabroaderconservationstrategy.Atthesametime, someadvancedtechnologies,suchas3Dscanning,digitalmodeling,andother means,havebeenwidelyusedinternationallyinrecentyearstodigitallyarchive thebuildingasawholewithminimalstructuraldamage,whilebuildingprotection andrestorationarecarriedoutusingdataanalysisThecombinationof interdisciplinaryandmulti-angleandtheintroductionofnewandadvanced technologyisthemaintrendoftraditionalbuildingprotectionintheworld InChina,therearealsotheintroductionofmodernscientificandtechnological meansHowever,duetotheparticularityofbuildingsintheregion,suchasalarge numberofwoodenstructurebuildings,therestorationmethodcombiningmodern scientificandtechnologicalmeansandtraditionalskillsisawidelyadoptedmeans whileprotectingtheoriginalstateofthebuildingstructure.Thisalignswiththe commonChinesevalueofcombiningmodernscienceandtechnologywith traditionalculture.
Atthesametime,theliteraturedemonstratesthattheChinesegovernmenthas
establishedarelativelycomprehensivelegalandpolicyframeworkforthe protectionoftraditionalbuildings,withafocusonthebuildingitselfandits surroundings.Moreover,sincethelastcentury,thepolicieshavealsokeptpace withTheTimesandconstantlyupdatedandoptimized.However,amoreserious probleminChinaisthatthecommunity'sawarenessofprotectionisveryweak. However,thelocalgovernmenthasrealizedthisandisgraduallystrengthening publiceducationandenhancingcommunityparticipation,soastoachieve voluntarycommunityprotectionwithinthetraditionalbuildingprotectionareaas soonaspossibleThisisalsoconsideredtobeanimportantdirectionforthefuture conservationoftraditionalbuildings 2122FutureDevelopmenttrend
Therefore,whendiscussingthefuturedevelopmenttrendoftraditionalbuilding conservation,thefirstistheintegrationoftraditionaltechnologyandemerging technologythathasbeenpreliminarilyrealizedAtpresent,relevanttechnologies havebeenappliedinsomepracticalprojects.Therefore,itisreasonabletopredict thattherewillbemorestudiesonthecombinationofmoderntechnologyand traditionalrestorationskillsinthefuture.Thisisbothachallengeandan opportunityfortraditionalbuildingprotection,becauseitcangreatlyimprovethe efficiencyoftraditionalbuildingprotectionandgreatlyoptimizetheresultof protection.BIManddigitaltechnologiesareworthmentioningbecausetheycan improvetheefficiencyandprecisionoftraditionalbuildingconservationand
restoration.Furthermore,thesetechnologiesarebeingusedtoprotectancient structures,providingnotonlymoreaccuratearchitecturalinformationbutalso reducingmanuallabor.Whileincreasingtheaccuracyofprotectionwork,theyalso havemoreimportantvalueforthelong-termprotectionandrestorationofancient buildings.Inaddition,therewillbemorenewtechnologiesappliedinrelatedfields. Anotherpointissustainability,whichhasalwaysbeenakeytopicinthe internationalscope.Itisnotdifficulttofindthatresearchinthefieldoftraditional architecturalprotectionhasincreasinglyemphasizedsustainability,because sustainabledevelopmentisthecontinuouspursuitofallmankindHowtobalance architecturalprotectionandtheneedsofmodernsocialdevelopmentisatopicthat needsfurtherin-depthdiscussioninthefuture
Inthefuture,therewillbemoreparticipationofcommunitiesandstakeholders, becausemanydevelopmentcanonlybeachievedbytheinputofcommunitiesand stakeholders.Intheprocessoftraditionalbuildingprotection,theinputof communitiesshouldnotbeunderestimated.Therefore,educationandadvocacyby localgovernmentsandrelevantinstitutionsaremorenecessary.Callforbroader socialparticipation.
Figure1:Theoreticalframeworkoftraditionalarchitectureconservationandinheritance（Source:Self-drawn）
2.2.History,architecturalstyleandartisticfeatures
221ThearchitecturalhistoryoftheGlazedPagodaofNanjingGrandBao'en Temple: TheGlazedPagodaofNanjingGrandBao'enTemple,locatedinQinhuaiDistrict, NanjingCity,JiangsuProvince,China,inaveryprosperousperiodinChina,the
MingDynastywasbuiltbytheemperorZhuDi,itsoriginalintentionisto commemoratehisfatherZhuYuanzhangandmotherEmpressMa,builtin1412, lasted17yearstocomplete.Atthattime,MingchengzuZhuDichosetobuildthis complexandexquisiteglasstower,notonlytocommemoratehisfatherandmother, toexpresshisfilialpiety,butalsotorelatetothewidespreadpopularityof BuddhisminChinaatthattime,fromtheemperordowntothecommonpeople,all ofthemareveryhighlyrespectedBuddhistculture,ofcourse,thisisalsoapartof MingchengzuZhuDi'sreligiouspolicyastheemperor.Sincethepolitical foundationwasnotyetsecureintheearlyMingDynasty,ZhuDichoseto strengthenimperialpowerandcentralizationbypromotingBuddhismasameans ofconsolidatinghispowerTheconstructionofDabao'enTemplenotonly promotedthespreadofreligion,butalsoservedasameanstodemonstrate imperialpowerandreligiouspoliciesBuildingsthattookalongtimetobuildand costalotofmoneywereasymbolofimperialpowerBybuildingbuildingssuchas theGlazedPagodaofGrandBao'enTemple,ZhuDiindirectlyconveyedthestability andmajestyofhisregime.Theunityofthepeoplewasalsostrengthenedthrough religiouseducationandculturaldissemination.
2.2.2Architecturalstyleandartisticcharacteristics
TheGlazedPagodaofGrandBao'enTempleis78.2metershigh,withninelayers andeightsides.Thewholetowerbodyismadeofglass.Thetopofthetoweris equippedwith"pipecorewood"toincreasethestructuralstability.The architecturalstyleoftheglasstoweristheultimateproductoftheaestheticsof
ancientChinesearchitecture.Itsoctagonaldesignandthematerialsusedallshow thesuperbarchitecturaltechniquesandexcellentartisticaestheticsofthe craftsmenatthattime.
Accordingtoarchaeologicaldata,theartdecorationoftheGlazedPagodawas extremelyexquisiteatthattime,notonlythetowerbodywasdecoratedwitha varietyofBuddhistrelatedpatterns,suchaslions,whiteelephants,flyingsheep, etc.,butalsothesepatternswereevencarvedwithcolorfulglassbricks,whichisa verycomplexprocessBecausetheshape,size,colorandpatternofalmostevery pieceoftheseglasscomponentsaredifferent,andtheyneedtobefiredundervery specialcircumstancesThesedecorationsarenotonlyverygorgeousandexquisite, butalsohaveaveryprofoundreligioussymbolicsignificance,whichgreatlyreflects thereligiousbeliefandartisticaestheticofthesocietyatthattimeHowever,with thepassageoftimeandthechangesofhistory,especiallyafterthemiddleofthe QingDynasty,duetothecontinuouswardamageandotherreasons,thisunique glassmakingskillgraduallylost.Inmoderntimes,althoughthedevelopmentof scienceandtechnology,peoplecanmakeglasswithbettercolorandtransparency, butthetraditionalhandicrafttechnologyandtheuseofspecificmaterialsformula havebeendifficulttofullyrecover.
2.2.3StatusandinfluenceoftheGlasstowerinthelocalculturalheritage
ThestatusofTheGlazedPagodaofGrandBao'enTempleisveryimportant,not
onlyinNanjing,buteveninthewholeChineseculturalheritage,TheGlazedPagoda ofGrandBao'enTempleoccupiesapivotalposition.Asthemostaesthetically pleasingandtechnicallycomplexworkofthearchitecturalartoftheMingDynasty, theglazedtowerhasbecomearepresentativeworkofthatera.Itisnotsimplya symbolofBuddhistbelief,buthasbecomeasymboloflocalancientarchitectural technologyandartisticlevel.Therefore,thedamageofTheGlazedPagodaand thelossoftechnologyarearegrettablelossforallmankind.However,althoughit hasbeenirreversiblyandseriouslydamagedinthecourseofhistoricalchanges, However,itspositioninthehistoryofChineseandeventheworldarchitectureis stillunshakableTherefore,thereconstructionworkatthebeginningofthe21st centuryisveryvaluableandveryimportant,becauseitisnotonlyamodern interpretationofancientarchitecturalskillsthathavebeenlost,butalsoa transmissionoftraditionalculturalvalues
Atthesametime,asanimagerepresentative,theTheGlazedPagodahasbecome oneoftheculturalsymbolsofNanjingandevenChina,andisveryfamousinthe worldforitsspecialappearanceandhistory,andinmanyculturalworks,itis consideredtobeoneoftherepresentativesofChinesearchitecture,whichiswidely praised,andeventhelogooftheglasstowercanbeseenontheAmericanChinese takeoutbox.IthasstrengtheneditsinfluenceasaChinesecultureinChinaand abroad.
3.1.LiteratureReviewMethod
3.1.1.ApplicationofLiteratureReviewMethodinObtainingTraditional ArchitecturalConservationTheoryFramework Inusingtheliteraturereviewmethodtoestablishaframeworkfortraditional architecturalconservationtheory,thefirststepistoclarifythekeyresearch questions,suchas"Whatarethetheoriesoftraditionalarchitectural conservation?""Whatarethelimitationsoftraditionalarchitecturalconservation theory?"etc,inordertodeterminethescopeandpurposeoftheresearchNext, appropriatedatabasesandresourcesareselectedforretrievalThedatabasesand resourcesusedinthisstudyincludeGoogleScholar,CNKI,professional architecturalheritagewebsites,andculturalheritagebooks,etcKeywordsearches, suchas"traditionalarchitecture"and"architecturalculturalheritageconservation theory,"areconductedtoachievepreciseretrievalpurposesThenextstepisto screentheliteratureSincesomeliteraturemaynotbehighlyrelevant,screening andevaluationarenecessarytoexcludeliteraturebasedonfactorssuchastime rangeandsourceregion,inordertofilterouthigh-qualityandhighlyrelevant literature.Then,furtheranalysisoftheliteratureisneededtoextractkey information,suchasresearchmethods,majorfindings,theoreticalframeworks,etc., fromtheselectedliterature.Thisinformationisintegratedandprocessedasa foundationforsubsequentresearch.Finally,theinformationisstructuredand organized,andtheresearchresultsarecategorizedbythemeforcomprehensive
integrationandnarration,analyzingresearchtrends,theoreticalevolution,and providingsuggestionsforexistingresearch.
3.1.2AdvantagesandLimitationsofLiteratureReviewMethod
Theliteraturereviewmethodhasalotofadvantages.First,sinceitsextensive coverage,itcanhelpsystematicallyintegratealargebodyofliteraturetoprovidea comprehensiveperspectiveonthissubject.Inaddition,byintegratingexisting studies,trendsinresearchandpotentialgapsinfutureresearchcanbeidentified. Acomprehensiveliteraturereviewalsohelpstoconstructandimprovethe theoreticalframeworkandlaythefoundationforsubsequentresearchHowever, theliteraturereviewmethodalsohassomelimitationsWhenanextensive literaturereviewisconducted,itcanconsumeconsiderabletime,effort,and resourcesInaddition,thetimelinessoftheliteratureisanissue,especiallyin fast-movingfields,whereliteraturereviewscanquicklybecomeoutdated
3.2CaseStudyMethod
3.2.1IntroductiontoCaseStudy
Thecasestudiesadoptanalyticalinduction,whichisdifferentfromstatistical inductioninquantitativeresearchandemphasizesin-depthcaseanalysisand theoreticalconstruction.Althoughthecasestudymethodhasbeencriticizedforits qualitativenature,ithasclearadvantagesinexploringpotentialcausesand developingnewtheories,especiallyinimmatureresearchareas.Therefore,this
studyadoptsthecasestudymethod,becauseintheprocessofexploringthe reconstructionandprotectionoftheGlazedPagodaofGrandBao'enTemplein Nanjing,theresearchproblemscanbefoundmoreintuitivelythroughthecase study.Throughthestudyofrelevantcases,wecannotonlybuildatheoretical frameworkrelevanttothetopic,butalsoexplorenewtheoriesinsomeimmature orcontroversialareas.Researchshoulddelveintothedetailsofcases,investigating andunderstandingkeyevents,decision-makingprocessesandtheiroutcomesto revealthelinksbetweentheoryandpractice.
322SelectionandDesignofCaseStudyMethod
Whenselectingcases,payattentiontothefollowingpoints:
1Typicalityanduniqueness:Choosecasesthatarerepresentativeorofspecial significance,suchasextremeorinspiringsituationsSuchselectionallows researcherstoinvestigateandcomprehendnovelorunderstudiedphenomena
2Integratedscenarios:Theselectedcasesshouldsufficientlyillustratethe researchquestionandrelevantcontext,allowingresearcherstolookintoand understandcomplexsituationsanddynamics.
Whendesigningacasestudy,thetheoreticalframeworkshouldguidedata collectionandanalysis.Thismethodhelpstoensurethatresearchisobjectiveand systematic,reducingtheimpactofsubjectivebias.Atthesametime,inorderto improvetheresearch'scredibility,evidencefrommultiplesources,suchas
documents,interviews,andobservations,mustbecollected.Thismethodhelpsto verifyandbroadenunderstandingofthecasefrommultipleperspectives.
3.3Fieldresearchmethods
Thisstudywillalsotakeafieldresearchapproach.Theprimarygoaloffield researchistocollectasmuchrealisticdataaspossiblethroughofflineobservations andvisits,therebyverifyingthetheoriesdevelopedduringtheliteraturereview process.Itmayalsoprovidepreviouslyunknownresults.
3.4DataCollectionandAnalysisPlan
Thisstudyadoptstheliteraturereviewmethod,involvingGoogleScholar,CNKI, professionalarchitecturalheritagewebsites,andculturalheritagebooksThrough thesearchof"traditionalarchitecture","architecturalculturalheritageprotection theory"andotherkeywords,toachieveaccuratesearchTheliteratureisthen reviewedusingcriteriasuchastheyearofpublicationandareatofilterout unimportantmaterial.Finally,thedataisclassified,organized,andanalyzedto identifysignificantstudytrends,importantquestions,andlatestconclusions.This willinvolveevaluatingpreviousstudies,suchastheoreticaladvances, methodologicalstrengthsandweaknesses,andresearchlimitations.
3.5CaseStudyDataCollectionandAnalysisPlan
Thisstudyusesthecasestudymethodtocollectliteratureandmaterialsonthe GlazedPagodaofGrandBao'enTemple,relatedarchitecturalcases,and
architecturalprotection.Duringtheinitialstage,avarietyoflibraries,academic databases,andonlineresourceswereusedtogathercasestudiesonthe preservationoftheGlazedPagodaandotherhistoricbuildingsattheGrandBao'en Temple.Theseincludeacademicpapers,books,conferenceproceedingsand governmentreports,ensuringtheycovereverythingfromhistoricalcontextto conservationmeasures.Then,throughindividualstudiesandcomparativeanalysis, theeffectivenessofdifferentprotectionstrategieswasanalyzed.Thiswillhelp determinewhichstrategiesaremosteffectiveinagivencontextandthespecific impactofdifferentstrategiesonbuildingconservationoutcomes 3.6FieldResearchDataCollectionandAnalysisPlan
Inthisstudy,thesiteoftheGlazedPagodawasinvestigatedbyfieldresearchFirst, fieldobservationsaremadeTheresearchteamconductedathoroughsite inspectionofthepagodasite,recordingitsphysicalcondition,thesurrounding environment,andtheinteractionbetweenthesiteandthecommunity Photographyandvideowereusedtodocumentthestateofpreservationofthesite andtherelationshipbetweenthenewandexistingbuildings.Conversationswith localresidents,visitors,andsitemanagersprovidefirsthandknowledgeofthe site'shistoricalsignificance,conservationstatus,andimpactonthelocal community.Thedatawillbeanalyzedthroughcontentanalysisandsubject induction.Thethemeoriginatesfromrelevantfieldobservations,suchasthe website'sstatusquo,characteristics,visitoropinions,andsoon,usingcontent
analysisandthemeinductiontechniques.
4.ResearchontheConservationandModernPresentationoftheGlazed PagodaofGrandBao'enTempleinNanjing
4.1Analysisofthestatusofthesiteconservation
4.1.1AnanalysisoftheGlazedPagoda
TheGlazedPagodaofGrandBao'enTempleislocatedintheQinHuaidistrictof Nanjing,thesiteoftheformerGrandBao'enTemple.Historically,theglasstower ofGrandBao'enTemplehasextremelyhighhistoricalsignificanceandartistic valueAtpresent,duetothewarhappenedonehundredyearsago,thetraditional glasstowerstructureoriginallybuiltonthesitenolongerexists,andunfortunately, thetraditionalglassmanufacturingtechniquesofthepasthavealsobeenlostIn thiscase,thenewlybuilt"glasstower"withmodernconstructiontechniqueshas beenreplacedInstarkcontrasttotheoriginalarchitecturalsite,theentireGrand Bao'enTemplesiteareaisasitelackingtheoriginalhistoricalarchitectural features.Moreover,theGrandBao'enTemplesiteareaanditssurrounding environmenthavebeenincorporatedintourbanplanninganddevelopmentbythe localgovernment,facingtheinterwovenchallengeofhistoricalprotectionand modernizationneeds.
Figure2:OriginalGrandBaoenTemplefullfigure(Photo:Dual-EvidenceBasedResearch oftheConstructionLogicBehindthePastandSubsequentDevelopmentsoftheMing JinlingDabaoenTemplebyCHENWei)
Figure3:ConceptionandlatestrestorationplanofGrandBaoenTemple(Photo: Dual-EvidenceBasedResearchoftheConstructionLogicBehindthePastand SubsequentDevelopmentsoftheMingJinlingDabaoenTemplebyCHENWei)
ThehistoricalGlazedPagodawasoncethelandmarkbuildingofthecityofNanjing (knownasJinlingCity),thewholebodyisbuiltwithcolorfulglassbricksandglass components,toweringintotheclouds,youcanseeitsspectacularfromadistance, moresurprisingisthatthetowerismadeofbrickstructure,almostnowood ThereforethetemplewasonfireduetolightninginMingDynasty,andthehalls wereburnedtoashes,onlytheglasstowerwassafe,andZhangDai,awriteratthe endoftheMingDynasty,describedintheDreamoftheTaoistTemple:"Thepagoda upanddownthediamondstatueoftensofbillionsofgoldbodies."Agoldbody, dozensofpiecesofglassbricktogether,itsclothesfoldnotgoodpoints,itsfaceis notgood,itsbeardandeyebrowsarenothappy,doubambooshoots,theletteris ghostwork."ItcanbeseenthattheGlazedPagodainthepastbrilliantscene,soit isnotdifficulttothinkthatifitwasnotfinallydestroyedinthewar,todaythe GlazedPagodawillstillbethemostexquisitebuildingintheancientcityofNanjing wherehistoricalbuildingsgather.
Atpresent,ontheoldsiteoftheGlazedPagoda,onlypartofthebaseremains,and allthesuperstructurestructuresarenowheretobefoundNowtheshadowof historicalbuildingscannotbeseenonthesiteThenewlybuilttoweradoptsavery modernsteelstructure,whichprovidesadurableandstableskeletonforthe buildingInordertominimizetheimpactonthearchaeologicalsitebelow,the lightweightsteelstructureensuresthattheoldpagodafoundationandthe undergroundpalacefilledwithcountlesstreasuresareprotectedwithouttheneed todestroythefoundationInthechoiceofmaterials,inadditiontothelightweight steelstructure,inthereconstruction,duetotechnicalbarriers,nottheuseof traditionalglassbricks,buttheuseofultra-whitelightweightglass,theseglass usingmultipleprocesses,whilehavinggoodmodernmaterialproperties,through includingetching,glazing,hightemperaturefiringandlaminatingsteps,tocreatea specialappearancesimilartotheoverhangingcornice.Atthesametimemimicsthe lusteroftraditionalglazes.
Figure4:DaytimeviewoftheGlazedPagoda Figure5:LightsteelstructureoftheGlazedPagodaFigure6:Lightweightglasswithmultipleprocesses (Figure456:Photo:Author)
Atnight,thetowerreproducesthecolorfulsparklingglazeeffectthroughanewset ofintelligentlycontrolledLEDlightingandremoteprojectionlighting,achievinga kindofancientbookrecorded,"142nightlightsilluminatethenightskyatnight", bringingpeople'smemoriesbacktothebrillianceofthebrightglasstowerunder theMingDynastynightskyhundredsofyearsago.Atthesametime,inorderto furtherenhanceitshistoricalcharm,thedesignteamhungsomewindchimes underthecornerbeamsofthetower.Wheneverthebreezeblows,thewindchimes willmakeapleasantsound,whichseemstohavetheabilitytotravelthroughtime andspaceTheoverallnewglasstowerconnectsthemodernstructurewiththe traditionalsensoryexperienceatmultiplelevelsofvisualandauditoryTryabold attempttocombinehistoricalaestheticswithmodernmaterialsthatoffer improveddurabilityandperformance
lifeGlasspresentlifeNanjingDabaoEnTowerLiuYan)
Sincethenewsofthereconstruction,therehasbeenwidespreadconcernand
Figure7:Windchimesandurbanlandscapeundercornerbeams (Photo:Author)
Figure8:TheGlazedPagodalightsupatnight(photosource:Glasspast
fiercecontroversyabouttheGlazedPagodaconservationprojectinthesociety, whichhastriggeredmanydiscussionsaboutarchitecturalprotection,authenticity principlesandcommercialuse.Somepeoplebelievethatthereconstructionofthe GlazedPagodaofGrandBao’enTempleisanopportunityforculturalheritage revival,whichcanenhancethelocalculturalstatusandtouristattraction,while othercriticsconsiderita"fakeantique",pointingoutthatmodernreconstruction maynotrestorethehistoricalauthenticity,especiallytheadditionofmodern facilities(suchaselevators)intheinterior,whichseriouslyundermineitshistorical valueOverall,thecurrentsocialevaluationoftheGlazedPagodasitereflectsa complexsituationinvolvinghistoricalandmodernneedsDeeperandmorecareful considerationisrequiredwhenconservinganddevelopinghistoricallyand culturallysignificantsitestoensurethattheauthenticityofhistoricalandcultural heritageisproperlyrespectedandmaintained
413Assessmentbasedontheexistingtheoreticalframeworkofbuilding protection Accordingtotheevaluationoftheexistingtheoreticalframeworkofarchitectural heritageprotection,toacertainextent,theGlazedPagodaprojectofGrandBao'en Templehasprotectedthesite,mainlybyusinglightweightmaterialstorebuildon theoriginalsite,soastoreducethepressureonthefoundationandunderground palaceoftheoriginalremains.Inaddition,thenewlybuiltGlazedPagodatriesits besttoreproducetheformergloryoftheGlazedPagodathroughnumerous
technicalmeansinappearance.Asaresult,GrandBao'enTempleprojecthas achievedpartoftheconservationofarchitecturalsites.
Atthesametime,thecurrentprotectionmeasuresfortheglasstowerofGrand Bao'enTemplehaveobviousdeficienciesinprotectinganddisplayingthecultural heritageoftheGlazedPagoda.Firstofall,therearesomedefectsintheplanningof theprotectionoftheoriginalsite,becauseintheMingDynasty,GrandBao'en Templewasaroyalincensehouse,surroundedby"ninemilesandthirteensteps", includingtheYuhuaterrace,about1,900muThetotalareaoftheplanned reconstructionareaofGrandBao'enTempleisonly115mu,buttheactualland areaisonly30or40mu,whichislessthanonetwentiethoftheoriginalsizeThe reasonforthisphenomenonisthattheoriginalpartofthesurroundingareahas nowbecomearesidentialareaTheprojectleaderandthelocalgovernmentonce consideredwhethertocarryoutlarge-scaledemolitionofthesurroundingarea However,underthecomprehensiveopinionsofmanyexpertsinNanjing architecture,history,culturalrelicsandotherfields,onlyonesiteparkisbuilton theoriginalsite,soastoreducehumanandeconomicconsumption.
Inaddition,thereconstructionworkalsocontradictsthe"authenticity"ofthe principlesofarchitecturalpreservation,eventhoughthepurposeofthe reconstructionistousethehistoricalandculturalvalueoftheGlazedPagodato promotelocaltourismandeconomicdevelopmentandculturalrevival.Theuseof
modernmaterialsandtechniquesforthereconstructionoftheglasstower,aswell astheinstallationofmoderncomponentssuchaselevators,makesitadebatable questionwhethercontemporaryarchitecturalpreservationshouldpreservethe originalarchitecturalstyleandconstructiontechniques. Therefore,althoughtheexistingprotectionmeasureshaveachievedthebasic protectionofthesitetoacertainextent,thereisstillalotofroomforimprovement inmaintainingthehistoricalauthenticityofthesite.
4.2Explorationofmodernpresentationofancientarchitectureconservation
ThereconstructionoftheGlazedPagodaisaboldnewattemptatarchitectural preservation,"restoring"theformerGlazedPagodathroughtheuseofallnew materialsandconstructiontechniques,althoughcontroversial,butalsoavery breakthroughattemptIntermsofstructure,differentfromtheoriginalmasonry structureoftheGlazedPagoda,inordertoreducethepressureonthefoundation ofthesite,anewsteelstructuresupportisused,whichnotonlyincreasesthe stabilityofthebuilding,butalsoensuresthesafetyandlong-termdurabilityduring thereconstructionprocess.Theuseofthesteelstructureallowstheentirebuilding towithstandmoreenvironmentalandhumanload,whilealsofacilitatingpossible futuremaintenanceandrestorationwork,while,inviewofmodernbuilding standardsandtheneedtoprotecthistoricsites,thenewGlazedPagodadesign includesseismictechnologytoensurethatthestructuralintegritycanbebetter
Figure9:TheleftpictureisthehistoricalrestorationoftheGlazedPagoda
TherightpictureisthereconstructionoftheGlazedPagodastructuremodel
(Source:HistoryFlowsasItShouldbyCHENWei)
Intermsoftheselectionofmaterials,inordertoimitatethecolorfuland transparentvisualeffectoftheformerGlazedPagodawithoutsacrificingthe appearanceandfeeling,thenewglasstowerusesmodernmaterialssuchas ultra-whitelightweightglassshapedbymultipletechnologies,whichvisually achievesthecharacteristicsofimitationglazebutisdifferentfromtheantique architectureThesematerialsnotonlyprovidebetterdurabilityandprotection,but alsoachieveasubtlevisualunitywithtraditionalmaterials,maintainingacertain historicalsenseofthetower.
Notonlythat,manydifferentdisplaysystemshavebeenaddedinsidetheGlazed Pagoda,withhigh-techrepresentativesintegratingtouchscreen,ARandVR technology,aswellasstrongartisticconceptualdisplayarrangementstoprovide visitorswithacomprehensiveviewingexperience.Thesedisplayareasshowthe historyandculturalbackgroundoftheglasstower,aswellasthetechnologiesand
materialsusedinthereconstructionprocess,makingupforsomeoftheregrets thatthecurrentconstructiontechnologycannotfullyachieve,soastobettershow theprotectionprocess.
Nowadays,inthefaceofthedestructionofbuildingssuchastheGlazedPagodaand thelossofskills,thismethodofconservationcombiningtraditionalandmodern technologycanbeadoptedifappropriatearchitecturalpreservationisrequired.It isimportanttoexplorehowtoeffectivelycombinetraditionalconservation techniques(suchastheuseofhistoricalmaterialsandrestorationtechniques)with moderntechniques(suchasmodernstructuresandmodernmaterials)toenhance thedurabilityofbuildings.Thismethodcanimproveitsabilitytoadapttomodern conditionswhileminimizingtheauthenticityprincipleofbuildingconservation However,thisputsachallengeformodernarchitecturalprotectionbecause affectingabalancebetweentheauthenticityofhistoricalbuildingsandtheuseof moderntechnologynecessitatessignificantresearchinvestmentandmaynotyield theexpectedoutcomesAtpresent,therearestillalotofdiscussionsabout authenticityinthefieldofarchitecturalprotection,asProfessorChenWei
RemainsofthefoundationinsidethenewlybuiltGlazedPagodathemoderndisplayoftheoriginalbeamsandcolumnshangingonandthenewinteractivespaceinside(Photo:Self-taken) (Figure101112)
mentionedinthearticle"HistoryFlowsasItShould"aboutauthenticity:"The imageofthetowerintheNorthernSongDynastyisunknown,andeventhetower intheearlierEasternWuperiodisunknown,butitisanindisputablefactthatthe SongandMingdynastiessharedtheundergroundpalace,andtheMingDynasty usedthemostadvancedtechnologyandartatthattimetobuildaGlazedPagoda." EverydynastyandeverygenerationhaspassedonthespiritofBuddhismwiththe bestdesignandconstructionatthattime,andthiskindofthinkingandbehavioris thetruthofhistory."ThewheelofTheTimeswillnotstopmovingforward,andthe useofthemostadvancedtechnologytoprotectexistingbuildingsisthebesttime tograsptheconservationofbuildings
4.3Comparativestudycase:ISEJingu
InJapan,reconstruction,includingthereconstructionofancientbuildings,isa popularmethodofarchitecturalconservationManybuildingshavebeenrepaired numeroustimes,buttheyallstrictlyadheretotheprincipleof"repairingtheoldas old,"withnotracesofrepairvisibleintheirappearance,andanisolated environmentiscreatedaroundthesebuildingstothegreatestextentpossible. Amongthem,IseJingu"Godmade"isaveryspecialcaseofEastAsianwooden architecture,IseJinguislocatedinIseCity,MiePrefecture,Japan,isthemost importantShintoshrineinJapan.Jingu'sinnerpalace(EmperorJingu)andouter palace(TohokuJingu)retaintheoldestshrineprototypeinJapan,since685AD begantoberebuiltina20-yearcycle,itsgrandpalacerelocationceremonycalled
the"Seniorirelocationpalace",hasbeenmorethanathousandyearsofhistory.
Thisperiodicreconstructionisknownasthe"replacementsystem",thatis,every 20yearstorebuildaccordingtotraditionalmethodsandmaterials,this conservationmethodensuresthateachreconstructionofthebuildingisableto passontraditionalbuildingconstructiontechniques,sothattheculturalheritage canbepassedonfromgenerationtogeneration.Inaddition,theperiodic reconstructionofIseJinguisnotonlyanactivityatthearchitecturallevel,butalso aculturalandreligiousceremonyforthepeopleofthesurroundingcommunities, namelythe"annualtransferofthepalace"mentionedaboveSuchritual-filled architecturalreconstructionactivitieshavedeepenedthepublic'sunderstanding andrespectforthelocalculturalvaluesrepresentedbyIseJingu
4.4Inspirationofdifferentconservationstrategiesfortraditionalbuilding conservationwork
InJapan,theauthenticityprincipleoftraditionalarchitecturalprotectionisalso debatedbymanyscholars.Onesideofthescholarsbelievesthat"thevalueof ancientbuildingsliesintheiroriginaldesign",andtheybelievethattheonly acceptablewayistopreservethearchitecturalstatusquo.Theothersiderefuted, Therestorationstrategyshouldbedeterminedaccordingtothespecificconditions ofeachsite,notbasedontheory.Therefore,itisclearthatthebalancebetween maintaininghistoricalauthenticityandrestoringtheoriginalaestheticsofthe buildinghasbeenanongoingtopicsurroundingarchitecturalpreservation.
IseJinguandtheGlazedPagodaarestrategiesintwodirections.The reconstructionoftheGlazedPagodaadoptsmodernstructureandmaterials,and attemptstore-interprettheancientbuildingswiththelatestmoderntechnological means.IseJinguisrebuiltthrough"construction"every20years,whichhasnot onlymaintainedtheconstructionskillsofarchitectureforthousandsofyears,but alsopassedonthetraditionalcultureandritualsassociatedwithitfromgeneration togeneration.
Atthesametime,thetwostrategiesalsohavelimitationsForexample,the controversialreconstructionoftheGlazedPagodacompletelyadoptsmodern technologywhileabandoningtheuseoforiginalmaterialsandarchitectural techniques,whichmayleadtothebreakoftraditionalculturaltiesatsomelevel IseJingu'sconservationapproachreliesentirelyontraditionaltechniquesand materials,anapproachthatemphasizesthetransmissionoftraditionalcultureand theneedforeachgenerationtomaintainahighpassionfortraditionalarchitecture andtogainanin-depthunderstandingoftheseconstructiontechniques.
Ingeneral,theconservationstrategiesofthetwodirectionsprovidemeasureson howtobalancetraditionalandmodernmeasuresintheprocessofarchitectural conservation,andtheprincipleof"authenticity"mustbeadaptedtolocal conditions,sotheultimategoalistobetterpreserveandinherittheseprecious culturalheritages,regardlessoftheinnovativemethodofadoptingmodern
technologyortheconservativewayofadheringtotraditionaltechniques. Understandingandrespectingthecontext,value,andlimitationsofeachstrategy willallowustoapproachtheconservationoftraditionalarchitecturemoresensibly onagloballevel.
5.SignificanceandInnovativenessoftheResearch
5.1DiscussionoftheResearch'sSignificance
5.1.1TheImportanceofPreservingandPassingDowntheHeritageoftheGlazed PagodaofGrandBao'enTemple
ThisstudyfocusesontheprotectionoftheGlazedPagodaofGrandBao'enTemple inNanjing,whichisacontentiousformofpreservation,specificallythedefinition of"authenticity"When"authenticity"clasheswithreality,reconstructingancient buildingsandconstructiontechniqueswithmoderntechnologyisasuitable conservationmethod,aslongasitencouragestheinheritanceofculturalheritage Inaddition,asoneofthemostimportantandinfluentialBuddhiststructuresin Chinesehistory,theGlazedPagodaofGrandBao'enTemple'scontinued preservationandinheritanceishistoricallyandculturallysignificance.Thisnot onlyhasaculturalandhistoricalimpact,butalsoreflectsthestatusofChinese ancientarchitectureconservationinthefieldofglobalancientarchitecture conservation.Thepurposeofthispaperistopromotethedevelopmentof traditionalarchitecturalprotectiontheoriesbystudyingtheprotectionmeasures andmodernpresentationmethodsofGlazedPagodasite,andtrytoputthese
theoriesintopracticebytakingGlazedPagodasiteprotectionasanexample,so thatsimilarculturalheritagecanbebetterdisseminatedandwidelyunderstood andappreciatedbythepublic.Onatheoreticallevel,thisstudyprovidesanew perspectiveforunderstandingandpromotingthemodernpresentationof architecturalconservationandculturalheritage,ensuringthattraditional craftsmanshipispreservedwhilealsobeingpresentedinawaythatsuitsthe modernlifestyleoftheaudience.Inaddition,thedestructionandreconstructionof theGrandBao'enTemple'sGlazedPagodaservesasaremindertoallindustriesto putemphasisonthetransmissionandpreservationoftraditionalbuilding techniquesThe"authenticity"ofarchitecturalconservationmustbebasedona numberoffactors,includingthecrucialtraditionalancientconstructiontechniques andmaterialsInacomparativeanalysiswiththeIseGrandShrine,itisobservable thatsomecountriesorregionsareprotectingconstructiontechniqueswith localizedheritagemethods,servingasexcellentexamplesinthefieldof architecturalconservationSimilarapproachescanbeadoptedwhenfacedwith analogoussituations.
5.1.2TheImportanceofProtectingCulturalHeritage
Asaresult,whenpermanentdamageoccurs,suchastheGlazedPagodaofGrand Bao'enTemple,andtraditionalglazingtechniquesarelost,modernpresentation methodsmightturnouttobethebestoptionavailable.TheGlazedPagoda conservationprojectaimstopreserveculturalidentityandhistoricalmemoryin
alongwithtangibleculturalheritage.Modernpresentationmethodscanhelpthe publicbetterunderstandtheGlazedPagoda'shistoricalandculturalvalues,asa luminouspagodaatnightundoubtedlybecomesanewlandmarkinNanjing, attractingnumeroustouristsfromotherregionsandlocals,thusenhancinglocal tourismtoaparticularextent.Onatechnicallevel,therestorationoftheGlazed Pagodaemphasizestheimportanceofcombiningtraditionalcraftswithmodern technology.Bypreservingtheglazeasmuchaspossiblewhilepreservingthe ancientcharm,moderntechnologiesincludingLEDlightingandultra-clearglass notonlyenhancetheviewingexperience,butalsoensurethesite'sphysicaland visualsafetyUsinglightweightsteelstructurestoprotecttheundergroundpalace oftheGrandBao'enTemple,whichisfilledwithBuddhisttreasures,isan appropriateprotectivemeasureModernmethodstoreinterpretancient techniquesalso,tosomeextent,passonthespiritandsoulofancientarchitecture Overall,whentheprotectionofculturalheritagefaceschallengeslikethoseofthe GlazedPagoda,adoptingmodernmethodsfortransmissionmaybeadvisable becausetheimportanceofculturalheritageprotectionisnotlimitedtotangible heritagebutalsoincludesthecultureandmemoryofancientbuildings.
5.2AnalysisofInnovativeness
5.2.1OverviewofInnovations
Firstofall,thispapermakesacriticaldiscussionon"authenticity",oneofthe principlesofarchitecturalconservation,andattemptstostudythecontroversy overthetraditionalarchitecturereconstructedbymodernmeans,takingtheLiuli
PagodaofDaBao'enTempleasanexample,startingfromwhetherthe reconstructionfollows"authenticity".Therefore,inadeeperexplorationofthe theoreticalframeworkofarchitecturalprotectionandthemeansofinheritanceof architecturalskillsthataremoreinlinewiththecontemporarysituation,inthe modernerawheretechnologyislost,naturalconditionsandartificialconditions changewiththepast,itisaproblemworthyofmoreconsiderationandinvestment tore-interpretancientbuildingsinareasonablerangewithmodernconstruction methods.Inaddition,thispaperadoptsaninterdisciplinaryapproachtoprovidea comprehensiveobservationandevaluationplanfortheprotectionoftheglass towerofDaBao'enTemplebycombiningtheoreticalresearchandcasepractice fromdifferentdisciplines,suchasarchitecture,history,culturalheritageprotection andmoderntechnologyThisinterdisciplinaryapproachprovidesnew perspectivesandtechnicalapproachestotheconservationoftraditional architecturalsitesAtthesametime,thecaseoftheintegrationofmodern technologyandtraditionalprotectioninthereconstructionofglasstoweris analyzed,whichprovidesvaluableexperienceanddataforothersimilarcasesin thefield.Besides,thepaperalsocallsforpublicparticipationintheprotectionof culturalheritage.Theinvolvementofthepublicinpassingontraditional architecturalcultureandtechnologyisoneofthelatesttheoriesinthefieldof architecturalconservationandisbeingputintopractice.Byemphasizingthe importanceofpublicparticipationintheconservationofculturalheritage,it increasespublicawarenessandinterest,therebymakingarchitectural
conservationmoreeffectiveandsustainable.Additionally,usingofflinesurveysand on-siteinterviewstounderstandandlearnaboutthelatestsituationoftheGlazed Pagodahelpstomoreeffectivelyadvanceresearch.
5.2.2ImpactforRelatedFields
Thispaper,byexploringacontemporaryunderstandingofthe"authenticity" principleinthereconstructionoftraditionalbuildings,offersamodern interpretationofthe"authenticity"principle.Thisboldattempthelpspeoplefinda balancebetweentheoriginalfeaturesofhistoricalbuildingsandtheuseofmodern constructiontechnologiesamidsttechnologicaladvancementsandenvironmental changes,whichhassignificanttheoreticalandpracticalvaluefortheprotectionof architecturalculturalheritagefacingsimilarchallengesAdditionally,throughthe studyofthecaseoftheGlazedPagodaoftheGrandBao'enTemple,especiallyin addressingtheimpactoflosttechniquesandenvironmentalchangesonancient buildings,themethodsproposedinthisstudymayprovidefeasiblesolutionsfor othercountriesandregionstoconsider.
6.Summary
6.1Researchsummary
Thisstudyanalyzesthechallengesofprotectingtraditionalarchitectureinmodern times,asshownbytheGlazedPagodaoftheGrandBao'enTemple.Througha comprehensiveexaminationofthe"authenticity"oftraditionalarchitectureandits
presentationinthereconstructionoftraditionalarchitecturetoday,combinedwith theoreticalresearchandcaseanalysis,itrevealstheapplicationofmodern technologyinthereconstructionofancientarchitectureanditsimpactonthe conceptoftraditionalarchitectureconservation.
Afterestablishingthetheoreticalframework,thispaperdiscussestheimportance oftheGlazedPagodaoftheGrandBao'enTempleasanarchitecturalheritagein theaspectsofhistory,cultureandarchitecturalart,andstudiestheeffectof modernconstructiontechniquesintheinterpretationoftraditionalarchitecture Then,bycomparingtheconservationpracticesofISEJinguinJapan,thisstudy demonstratestwodistinctconservationstrategies:Oneistorelyonmodern technologyandmaterialsforreconstruction,andtheotheristousetraditional techniquesandmaterialsforreconstructionevery20yearsThesetwostrategies notonlyreflectdifferentideasaboutthechoicebetweenhistoricalauthenticity andmodernexpressioninconservationwork,butalsoreflectthelimitationsand challengesinarchitecturalconservationpractice.
Asaresult,themainfindingofthisresearchisthat,whilemodernreconstruction techniquescanrestorethephysicalformofthebuildingtosomeextent,conserving andtransmittingthe"authenticity"ofitshistoryremainsachallengethat necessitatescontinuingattentionandinputfromnewtheories.
6.2FutureResearchDirection
Futurearchitecturalconservationresearchmayfocusonhowtocombinemodern technologywithmodernsociety'sneedswhilekeepingtraditionalbuildings' originalcharacteristics.Specificcanbeconsideredinthefollowingways:
Futureconservationresearchcantakeamoremultidisciplinaryapproach, combiningknowledgefromarchitecture,history,andmaterialssciencetogain amoredeeperunderstandingoftraditionalbuildingconservation.
Technologicalinnovationandapplication:consideringtherapiddevelopment ofmoderntechnology,thereshouldbemorefocusoninvestigatingthe potentialandimpactofnewtechnologiesintheconservationoftraditional buildings,aswellashowthesetechnologiesmayhelpinimprovingour comprehensionoftraditionalhistoricalarchitecture
Internationalcooperationandcomparativeresearch:Bycollaboratingand comparingwithothercountriesandregionsintheconservationoftraditional buildings,wemayimproveconservationpracticeandtheorybylearningand drawingonsuccessfulexperiencesandstrategiesfromvariouscultural backgrounds.
Enhancingpublicparticipation:Thestudyshouldfocusonincreasingpublic awarenessandparticipationintheconservationoftraditionalbuildings, particularlyamongyoungergenerations,througheducationalorcommunity engagementstrategies.
Throughtheseresearches,wehopetoprovideamorescientificandsystematic methodforconservingtraditionalarchitecture,aswellaspromotethelong-term developmentofculturalheritagewhileconservingexistingtraditionalarchitecture andconstructiontechnology.
References
1.Bai,H.,Liang,W.,&Tao,L.(2018).Discussiononthereconstructionofancient buildingsinheritagetourism.TourismPlanning&Design,(03),126-133. https://doiorg/CNKI:SUN:TGHS02018-03-012
2He,Z(2019)Throughtheages:Acomparisonoftheancientandmodern Dabao'enTemplePorcelainTower.Residences,(06),99. https://doi.org/CNKI:SUN:JUSH.0.2019-06-089.
3.Liu,F.(2021).ThePorcelainTowerofNanjing'sDabao'enTempleinWestern SceneryZhongshanFengyu,(04),55-57 https://doi.org/CNKI:SUN:FYZS.0.2021-04-020.
4.Pan,B.(2020).Developmentandcountermeasuresofancientbuilding protectioninChina.Beauty&Times(CityEdition),(10),6-7. https://doiorg/CNKI:SUN:MEIC02020-10-007
5Ru,S,&Di,W(2019)OntheartisticdesignandsignificanceoftheNanjing Dabao'enTemplePorcelainTower.PopularLiteratureandArt,(17),97-98. https://doi.org/CNKI:SUN:DZLU.0.2019-17-066.
6.Sun,Y.,&Rong,M.(2021).Aliteraturereviewonthecasestudymethod. CooperativeEconomyandTechnology,(17),140-141 https://doiorg/1013665/jcnkihzjjykj202117056
7.Martinez,A.,&Shi,Y.(2018).Developmentofprotectionmethodsforbuilt heritageinJapan.Architect,(04),34-44. https://doi.org/CNKI:SUN:JZSS.0.2018-04-006.
8Zhang,Q(2015)Activeprotectionoftraditionalbuildings:ThecaseofIse Shrine'sShinmei-zukuriChineseHistoricCities,(04),78-83 https://doi.org/CNKI:SUN:ZGMI.0.2015-04-013.
9.Zheng,Y.(2021).Analysisoftheconstructionofastandardsystemforthe protectionofancientarchitecturalheritage.HumanitiesWorld,(02),67-70. https://doiorg/1016737/jcnkirwtx81281190202102015
10Shi,F(2009)DiscussiononfireprotectiondesignforthenewPorcelainTower ofJinlingDabao'enTemple.FireScienceandTechnology,(10),746-748.
https://doi.org/CNKI:SUN:XFKJ.0.2009-10-010.
11.Jing,S.,&Hu,H.(2002).ThedestructionandreconstructionoftheNanjing Dabao'enTemplePorcelainTower.ArchivesandConstruction,(08),35-39. https://doiorg/CNKI:SUN:DAJS02002-08-015
12Ren,X,&Liu,S(2009)Followingandbreakingthrough:Guidingthe protectionandutilizationofChineseancientbuildingswithahistorical dialecticalview.AncientBuildingsandGardensTechnology,(03),66-69.
https://doi.org/CNKI:SUN:GJYL.0.2009-03-020.
13Wang,Y,&Lu,J(2023)Researchonthefactorsinfluencingtheconstruction ofcourse-basedideologyandpoliticsinhighereducationinstitutionsBased onasystematicliteraturereview.JournalofQiluNormalUniversity,(02),1-8. https://doi.org/CNKI:SUN:SDJX.0.2023-02-001.
14Chen,T(2011)ThecontroversyoverthereconstructionofNanjing'sDabao'en TempleSouthWindow,(09),61-63 https://doi.org/10.19351/j.cnki.44-1019/g2.2011.09.021.
15.Liu,Y.(2017).Glasspast,glasspresent:ThechangingerasoftheNanjing Dabao'enTower.ChinaBuildingMetalStructure,(01),60-62. https://doiorg/CNKI:SUN:ZJJS02017-01-020
16Chen,W(2019)ExaminingtheconstructionlogicofMingJinlingDabao'en Temple'spastandpresentunderdoubleevidence.ArchitecturalJournal,(10), 13-20.https://doi.org/CNKI:SUN:JZXB.0.2019-10-005.
17.InternationalCouncilonMonumentsandSites,ChineseCommittee.(2004). ChineseheritageconservationcriteriaLosAngeles:GettyConservation Institute
