Homeostasis
How and why your body can survive
Pathogens
Zachary Melson 3/17/14-3/31/14 Period 3
The Skeletal System The skeletal system is made up of bones and provides structure for the body, protects vital organs, stores minerals, and produces helpful red blood cells. Bone- A tough, rigid tissue that provides structure, protects organs, and makes red blood cells. Cartilage- A tissue on the ends of bones and in the nose and ears that is softer than bone Joint- A spot where two bones meet. Ligaments- Bands of tissue located at moveable joints that connect the bones. The skeletal system works with the circulatory system because it produces red blood cells, which helps us get oxygen to the body and survive.
The skeletal system works with the respiratory system by protecting the lungs, a sensitive organ that we use to survive.
Pathogen- Escherichia coli. E. Coli rarely attacks the bones, but when it does, it causes osteomyelitis, or infection of the bone. It can lead to tenderness and swelling at the sight of the bone infection, along with a lost range of motion.
The Muscular System The muscular system is composed of tissues that contracts to move bones, keeps the heart pumping blood, and moves materials through hollow organs. Cardiac- A type of involuntary muscle that contracts regularly to pump the heart. Skeletal- A voluntary muscle that connects to bones and contracts to move them. Smooth- A type of involuntary muscle that contracts to move materials through hollow organs. Tendons- Bands of tissue that attach bones to skeletal muscles, allowing movement. The muscular system connects to the skeletal system with skeletal muscles, allowing movement.
The muscular system’s smooth muscles help move materials through the stomach and intestines.
Pathogen-Clostridium Perfringens. This bacteria causes gas gangrene, where muscle tissue dies, and gas bubbles form inside the tissue of the body, often the muscles.
The Circulatory System The circulatory system helps move nutrients, water, blood, and oxygen throughout the body so each body part can get what it needs to function.
The circulatory system works with the respiratory system by picking up oxygen from it and depositing carbon dioxide.
Heart- An organ composed of 4 chambers that beats regularly to pump blood to and from the body. Atrium- A chamber in the heart that recieves blood from the rest of the body. Ventricle- A chamber in the heart that pumps blood from the heart to blood vessels. Arteries- Blood vessels that carry oxygen-poor blood to the heart. Veins- Blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body. Capillaries- Blood vessels that take blood from veins, releases the oxygen to the body, and carries it to the arteries. Blood- A fluid in the body that carries nutrients, water, plasma, and red and white blood cells through the body Red blood cells- Cells in blood that carry oxygen through the body and picks up carbon dioxide.
It works with the muscular system by sending it oxygen and picking up lactic acid from the muscles.
Pathogen- Staphylococcus aureus. This pathogen causes endocarditis when it enters the bloodstream and infects the heart’s inner lining. If there are complications (caused by a second infection that aggravates it), it can lead to heart failure, heart rhythm problems, and heart
The Respiratory System The respiratory system gets oxygen from the air to give to blood, and picks up and expels of carbon dioxide.
Pharynx- Part of the system that extends from the larynx to the mouth. Larynx- Part of the system between the pharynx and trachea that contains the vocal cords. Has walls of cartilage for support. Trachea- A thin, forked tube that connects to the bronchi in the lungs to the larynx. Bronchi- Branches in the lungs that transports the air between the trachea and alveoli. Alveoli- Tiny sacs at the end of bronchi where air is filtered into oxygen and waste (carbon dioxide)
The respiratory system provides oxygen It works with the muscular system to the nervous system, allowing it to because it gets oxygen for the muscles, send instructions and process allowing them to contract. information.tuberculosis. When it is in an active state, (due to weak immune Pathogen- Mycobacterium system), it causes tuberculosis. It kills tissue in the organ it infects, which can lead to coughing and shortness of breath.
The Digestive System The digestive system converts food into nutrients (fuel for the body) so that we have energy to think and move.Mouth- An opening on the face that starts the
digestive process. Saliva- Acidic liquid produced in the mouth that softens food. Esophagus- A tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach. Stomach- A hollow organ where food is broken down further. Pancreas- An organ behind the stomach that makes digestive enzymes for the stomach. Liver- An organ that makes bile, stores excess sugar and blood, and filters blood. Small Intestines- A long tube under the stomach where nutrients are absorbed from the food remnants. Large Intestines- A short tube where food remnants is packaged into feces, and water is removed.
It works with the circulatory system because nutrients from the small intestines enter the blood stream.
It works with the respiratory system by providing it fuel, allowing it to function.
Pathogen- Salmonella. Salmonella causes food poisoning, and disrupts how the large intestines absorbs water, leading to stomach pain and diarrhea.
The Nervous System The nervous system controls actions and reactions in response to certain stimuli. Without it, we couldn’t do anything. CNS- The central nervous system, it processes information and makes instructions. PNS- The peripheral nervous system, it sends the instruction to the body via nerves and neurons. Nerves- Consisting of neuron cells, it sends electrical impulses to each cell, which is its way of transporting instructions. Spinal cord- The main column of nerve cells, it connects the brain’s instructions to almost all of the body.
It relates to the digestive system by sending messages to it so it can digest materials.
It relates to the musculoskeletal system by telling it how to move, and sensing tears within the system.
Pathogen- Botulism. Botulism attacks and paralyzes nerves and nerve cells, which leads to progressive paralization if not treated quickly.
Citations Michael DiSpezio, Marjorie Frank, Michael Hethaus, and Donna Ogle. Florida Science Fusion Orlando: Houghton Mifflin Harourt Publishing Company, 2012. Print. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 28 Mar. http://www.britannica.com.
Kids Encyclopedia N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2014. http://www.kids.britannica.com WebMD. WebMD, n.d., Web. 28 Mar. 2014. http://www.webmd.com
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