The systems inside us BY Aleksa De Arce Pd. 1
Skeletal system
Skeletal system Pt. 1 The Facts •The 206 bones of the human body are classified according to their shape. The four major classes of bones are long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. •When we were born we had around 350 bones but when we become an adult we will only have around 206 bones inside of us. 1.The reason because is when we grow some of our bones join together. The Parts •Bones- joints, cartilage, and ligaments. •Bones- give us our shape. •Joints- provide flexible connections between our bones. •Ligaments- serve to support and strengthen joints. •Cartilage- connects bones together.
Skeletal system Pt.2 • The Purpose • •Our skeleton is very important. It does three big jobs to help us out. • 1.It protects our vital organs like our brain, heart and lungs • 2.It allows us to move. Our muscles are attached to our bones, when our muscles move; they move our bones to make us move. • 3.It gives us our shape. Without our skeleton we would just be a blob of blood and tissue on the floor. • Pathogen • •Osteoporosis affects mostly the elderly resulting in the loss of bone tissue. It can cause the bones to lose calcium, become thinner, and may disappear completely. • •Arthritis is a group of more than 100 inflammatory diseases that damage joints and their surrounding structures. Arthritis can attack joints, joint capsules, the surrounding tissue, or throughout the body. It usually affects the joints of the neck, shoulders, hands, lower back, hips, or knees.
Skeletal System Pt.3 Homeostasis •Our skeletal system works with both circulatory and the respiratory system to maintain homeostasis. 1.The skeletal system works with the circulatory system: the marrow inside of your bones help produce the cells inside our blood. Both red blood cells and white blood cells are created in our bones. The Skeletal system works with the respiratory system: The skeletal system helps protect the trachea, vocal cords and, diaphragm.
Diagram of the Skeletal System
Muscular System
Muscular system The facts •We have 650 muscles in our body. •Muscles pull on the joints, allowing us to move. They also help the body perform other functions so we can grow and remain strong.
The parts •Cardiac- is found in the heart. The walls of the heart's chambers are composed almost entirely of muscle fibers. Cardiac muscle is also an involuntary type of muscle. Its rhythmic, powerful contractions force blood out of the heart as it beats. •Smooth- is also made of fibers, but this type of muscle looks smooth, not striated. Generally, we can't consciously control our smooth muscles; rather, they're controlled by the nervous system automatically. •Tendons-tough, cord-like tissues, which allow the muscles to pull on bones. •Skeletal-attached to bone, mostly in the legs, arms, abdomen, chest, neck, and face. Skeletal muscles are called striated because they are made up of fibers that have horizontal stripes when viewed under a microscope. These muscles hold the skeleton together, give the body shape, and help it with everyday movements. They can contract quickly and powerfully, but they tire easily and have to rest between workouts.
Muscular System Pathogen • Muscular dystrophy- a genetic disease that damages muscle fibers. The symptoms of muscular dystrophy disease include weakness, loss of mobility and lack of coordination. Homeostasis •
The muscular system works with the skeletal system to maintain homeostasis because the skeletal muscles move the bone and the tendons connect the muscle to the bone. It also works with the digestive system to maintain homeostasis because the smooth muscle is found in the esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and in the rectum.
Diagram of the Muscular system
Circulatory system
Circulatory System The facts •Every day, the approximately 10 pints (5 liters) of blood in your body travel many times through about 60,000 miles of blood vessels that branch and cross, linking the cells of our organs and body parts. The parts •Heart-sends blood around your body. The blood provides your body with the oxygen and nutrients it needs. It also carries away waste. •Atrium- Is the word you would use when only talking about either the top left or top right chambers of the heart when talking about both it would be the atria. •Ventricle- the lower bottom chambers of the heart. •Arteries- blood vessels carrying blood away from the heart. They are the thickest blood vessels, with muscular walls that contract to keep the blood moving away from the heart and through the body.
Circulatory System The Parts pt. 2 •Veins- receive blood from the capillaries after the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide has taken place. Therefore, the veins transport waste-rich blood back to the lungs and heart. •Capillaries- it is through them that nutrients and oxygen are delivered to the cells. In addition, waste products such as carbon dioxide are also removed by them. •Blood-the fluid of life, transporting oxygen from the lungs to body tissue and carbon dioxide from body tissue to the lungs. Blood is the fluid of growth, transporting nourishment from digestion and hormones from glands throughout the body. Blood is the fluid of health, transporting disease fighting substances to the tissue and waste to the kidneys. •Red blood cells- carry oxygen to the tissues.
Circulatory system Pathogen •Heart Attack- when blood flow to a part of your heart is blocked for a long enough time that part of the heart muscle is damaged or dies. •High blood pressure- when your blood pressure is 140/90 mmHg or above most of the time. Homeostasis The circulatory works with the respiratory system and the muscular system because it moves oxygen and glucose around the body so cells can do work and it also moves wastes so they can be disposed by the body.
Circulatory System diagram
Respiratory System
Respiratory system The Facts •Each day we breathe about 20,000 times. All of this breathing couldn't happen without help from the respiratory system, which includes the nose, throat, voice box, windpipe, and lungs. The Parts •Pharynx- The pharynx is part of the digestive system as well as the respiratory system because it carries both food and air. At the bottom of the pharynx, the pathway for both food and air divides in two. One passageway is for food (the esophagus, which leads to the stomach) and the other for air. •Larynx- a voice box that is the uppermost part of the air-only passage. This short tube contains a pair of vocal cords, which vibrate to make sounds.
Respiratory System The parts pt.2 •Trachea- a windpipe that extends downward from the base of the larynx. It lies partly in the neck and partly in the chest cavity. The walls of the trachea are strengthened by stiff rings of cartilage to keep it open so air can flow through on its way to the lungs. The trachea is also lined with cilia, which sweep fluids and foreign particles out of the airway so that they stay out of the lungs. •Bronchi- the trachea divides into left and right air tubes which connect to the lungs. •Alveoli- where the bronchioles end and where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place.
Respiratory System Pathogen •Asthma- to swell and narrow, leading to wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. •Emphysema- involves destruction of the lungs over time. Homeostasis The respiratory system works with the nervous system because it provides oxygen to the brain so the brain can think and control all the other systems of the body. It also removes carbon dioxide and water that the brain cells produce as waste products. It works with the Muscular system because it provides oxygen to the muscles so the muscles (skeletal, smooth and cardiac) can go and do work. It also removes carbon dioxide and water that muscle cells produce as a waste product.
Diagram of the respiratory system
Digestive System
Digestive System The facts •The digestive process starts even before you put food in your mouth. It begins when you smell something irresistible or when you see a favorite food you know will taste good. The human digestive system is a series of organs that converts food into essential nutrients that are absorbed into the body and moves the unused waste material out of the body. The parts •Mouth- the opening through which an animal or human takes in food. •Saliva-a viscid, watery fluid, secreted into the mouth by the salivary glands, that functions in the tasting, chewing, and swallowing of food, moistens the mouth, and starts the digestion of starches. •Esophagus-a muscular passage connecting the mouth or pharynx with the stomach in invertebrate and vertebrate animals. •Stomach-a saclike enlargement of the alimentary canal, as in humans and certain animals, forming an organ for storing, diluting, and digesting food.
Digestive System The Parts pt. 2 •Pancreas- a gland, situated near the stomach that secretes a digestive fluid into the intestine through one or more ducts and also secretes the hormone insulin. •Liver- a large, reddish-brown, glandular organ located in the upper right side of the abdominal cavity, divided by fissures into five lobes and functioning in the secretion of bile and various metabolic processes. •Small intestines- the longest part of the alimentary canal, consisting of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, in which digestion is completed. •Large intestines-the part of the alimentary canal consisting of the cecum, colon, and rectum. It extracts moisture from food residues, which are later excreted as feces.
Digestive System Pathogen •Diverticulosis/diverticulitis – Small pouches may form along the walls of the large intestine called diverticuli which if symptomatic, causing discomfort to the patient, is called diverticulosis. These abnormal outpocketings may collect and not be able to empty fecal material which can lead to inflammation, diverticulitis. •Cirrhosis - Literally, “orange-yellow” in Greek. A degenerative disease of the liver that often develops in chronic alcoholics, but can have other causes. The name refers to the gross appearance of the organ. Homeostasis The digestive system works with the circulatory system because it provides the heart with nutrients so the heart can keep beating. The digestive system also works with the respiratory system because it provides the diaphragm nutrients in order facilitate breathing half of the equation for respiration Glucose + Oxygen = water, carbon dioxide and energy.
Diagram of the Digestive System
Nervous System
Nervous System The Facts •If you think of the brain as a central computer that controls all the functions of your body, then the nervous system is like a network that relays messages back and forth from it to different parts of the body. It does this via the spinal cord, which runs from the brain down through the back and contains threadlike nerves that branch out to every organ and body part. The parts •PNS- the peripheral nervous system which receives and sends messages to/from the brain and spinal cord from the whole body. •CNS- the central nervous system which consists of the brain and spinal cord. It sends and receives messages to/ from the PNS. •Nerves- a group of peripheral nerve fibers bundled together like the strands of a cable. It is specialized to carry messages. •Brain- the part of the central nervous system which controls the body’s physical and mental actions. •Spinal Cord- the cord of nerve tissue extending through the spinal canal of the spinal column.
Nervous System Pathogen •Alzheimer’s disease- a loss of brain function that occurs with certain diseases. Alzheimer's disease is one form of dementia that gradually gets worse over time. It affects memory, thinking, and behavior. Homeostasis The nervous system works with the digestive system and musculoskeletal system because the Medulla, located inside the brain stem, controls involuntary muscle movement-digestion and also the spinal cord delivers the messages from the brain to the rest of the body.
Diagram of the Nervous System
Bibliography
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