3. ANALYSIS OF BAT EFFECTIVENESS FROM A VALUE CHAIN PERSPECTIVE
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Figure 8. Textile Manufacturing Flow Diagram
These issues may be addressed in BAT regulations for the textile manufacturing industry. Relevant regulations include:
The 2019 draft EU BREF document for the textiles industry6 scope includes some of the textile value chain, including yarn and fabric production, pre-treatment (washing, mercerizing, bleaching, etc.), dyeing, fabric printing, coating, finishing, and lamination. Additionally, certain aspects of wool textile production are also covered, including wool scouring, carbonizing, and fulling. Selected activities related to waste management are also covered (EIPPCB, 2019[42]).7
The US technology-based standards8 for air emissions from the textiles sector cover web coating and printing, slashing, and dyeing, and finishing as three separate subcategories. New or reconstructed facilities must also comply with polymeric coating standards to woven, knit, and nonwoven textiles as well as cord and yarn. Standards for discharges to water cover wool scouring and finishing, low water use processing, woven fabric finishing, knit fabric finishing, carpet finishing stock and yarn finishing, nonwoven textile manufacturing, and felted fabric processing.
The Russian BREF document9 for the textiles industry focuses on pre-treatment, dyeing, printing, and finishing process while other upstream activities including yarn and fabric productions are briefly described (Rosstandart, 2017[43]).
The Korean BREF for the textile industry also focuses primarily on pre-treatment, dyeing, and the other finishing process (NIER, 2019[44]).
The above documents and regulations address the textile value chain in various ways. Strategies for addressing the environmental impacts from textile production often include chemical selection and increasing processing efficiency. Assessment of textile-related BREFs show instances where solutions from other links in the value chain were considered in addressing environmental issues from the textiles industry.
BEST AVAILABLE TECHNIQUES (BAT) FOR PREVENTING AND CONTROLLING INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION © OECD 2022
