Window Energy Label

WINDOW ENERGY LABEL An european methodology applied to the Italian climate context

arch. Emilio Antoniol Ph.D. candidate at the School of Doctorate Studies in architecture, city and design of Iuav University of Venice 40th IAHS World Conference on Housing Funchal, Madeira, Portugal - December 16-19, 2014

Window Energy Label arch. Emilio Antoniol

>> why analyze windows?

EUROPEAN BUILDINGS HAVE OLD WINDOWS

40th IAHS World Conference on Housing Funchal, Madeira, Portugal - December 16-19, 2014

Window Energy Label arch. Emilio Antoniol

>> consumption reduction of 900.000 TJ*Y

EUROPEAN WINDOWS HAVE A BIG ENERGY IMPROVEMENT POTENTIAL

44% single glass

42% double glass no low-e

14% high performance glass

TNO, “TNO Report TNO-60-DTM-2011-00338. Glazing type distribution in the EU building stock”, 2011.

TNO, “TNO Report 2008-D-R1240/B: Potential impact of Low-Emissivity Glazing on energy and CO2 savings in Europe”, 2008.

TNO, “TNO Report 2007-D-R0576/B: Impact of solar Control Glazing on Energy and CO2 savings in Europe”, 2007.

40th IAHS World Conference on Housing Funchal, Madeira, Portugal - December 16-19, 2014

Window Energy Label arch. Emilio Antoniol

>> windows have many different functions

WINDOWS CONTRIBUTE TO THE FINAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION FROM 15% TO 40% M. Capolla, “La casa energetica. Indicazioni e idee per progettare la casa a consumo zero”, Maggioli, Rimini, Italy, 2011.

K. Nielson, “Window Treatments”, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken, NJ, USA, 1989.

40th IAHS World Conference on Housing Funchal, Madeira, Portugal - December 16-19, 2014

Window Energy Label arch. Emilio Antoniol

>> but windows do not consume energy...

ECO-DESIGN DIRECTIVE ON ENERGY RELATED PRODUCTS 2009/125/CE (ErP) >> European Directive 2009/125/CE “Establishing a framework for the setting of ecodesign requirements for energy-related product” 40th IAHS World Conference on Housing Funchal, Madeira, Portugal - December 16-19, 2014

Window Energy Label arch. Emilio Antoniol

>> 3 different approaches

WINDOW ENERGY LABELS IN EUROPE > NORTH EUROPEAN > SOUTH EUROPEAN > GERMAN (ift) Directive 2010/31/EU of the european parliament and of the council on the energy performance of buildings - EPBD2 40th IAHS World Conference on Housing Funchal, Madeira, Portugal - December 16-19, 2014

Window Energy Label arch. Emilio Antoniol

>> north european labels

UK BFRC LABEL

>>

> 1 EP index (winter) > 8 energy classes ( A+) > 1 NATIONAL CLIMATE ZONE > Energy balance based on a national equation: EP=196,7((1-f)*gg)-68,5(Uw+(0,0165*L)) [kWh/m2a]

BFRC (British Fenestration Rating Council) - www.bfrc.org 40th IAHS World Conference on Housing Funchal, Madeira, Portugal - December 16-19, 2014

Window Energy Label arch. Emilio Antoniol

>> south european labels

FRANCE UFME LABEL

>>

> 2 EP indices (winter+summer) > 7 energy classes > 3 NATIONAL CLIMATE ZONES > Energy balance not based on ISO 18292/11 but on a comparrison with a standard UFME and SMEP- www.etiquette-energie-menuiserie.fr 40th IAHS World Conference on Housing Funchal, Madeira, Portugal - December 16-19, 2014

Window Energy Label arch. Emilio Antoniol

>> german label

GERMAN IFT LABEL

>>

> 2 EP indices (winter+summer) > 7 energy classes > 1 CLIMATE ZONE (EUROPE) > Energy balance based on ISO 18292/11 hourly equations Ift Rosenheim - www.ift-rosenheim.de 40th IAHS World Conference on Housing Funchal, Madeira, Portugal - December 16-19, 2014

Window Energy Label arch. Emilio Antoniol

>> how to compare labels results?

A COMMON METHOD FOR THE WINDOW ENERGY RATING IS NEEDED 40th IAHS World Conference on Housing Funchal, Madeira, Portugal - December 16-19, 2014

it must ... >> be applicable all over EUROPE >> be BASED ON ISO 18292:2011 energy performance calculation >> use a COMPLETE ENERGY BALANCE EVALUATION through the window >> consider different CLIMATIC CONDITIONS >> give easy results using an USER FRIENDLY OUTPUT

Window Energy Label arch. Emilio Antoniol

>> Italian context as case study

IN ITALY WE HAVE A LARGE CLIMATIC VARIABILITY FROM NORTH TO SOUTH >>

> 3000 DD 2100-3000 DD 1400-2100 DD 900-1400 DD

600-900 DD < 600 DD

Map of the Italian regional subdivison in Degree Day defined by D.pr. n.412 - 1993 40th IAHS World Conference on Housing Funchal, Madeira, Portugal - December 16-19, 2014

Window Energy Label arch. Emilio Antoniol

>> development of the methodolgy

A 5 STEPS METHOD FOR THE WINDOWS ENERGY RATING 40th IAHS World Conference on Housing Funchal, Madeira, Portugal - December 16-19, 2014

1 > Definition of a REFERENCE BUILDING for the country

2 > Definition of CLIMATE ZONES and collection of climate data

3 > Definition of heating and cooling SEASONS DURATION

4 > Definition of two EQUATIONS for window ENERGY PERFORMANCE (EP)

5 > VALIDATION of the method using a windows reference set

Window Energy Label arch. Emilio Antoniol

>> starting from ISO 18292 seasonal equations

DEFINITION OF TWO ENERGY EPH= ηH*IH*Fsh*gw - DH*(Uw+L) PERFORMANCE EPC= IC*Fsh*gw - ηC* DC*(Uw+L) EQUATIONS >> 2 seasonal energy performance indices

ISO 18292 “Energy performance of fenestration systems for residential buildings - Calculation procedure”, 2011.

40th IAHS World Conference on Housing Funchal, Madeira, Portugal - December 16-19, 2014

Window Energy Label arch. Emilio Antoniol

>> starting from ISO 18292 seasonal equations

DEFINITION OF TWO ENERGY EPH= ηH*IH*Fsh*gw - DH*(Uw+L) PERFORMANCE EPC= IC*Fsh*gw - ηC* DC*(Uw+L) EQUATIONS >> 3 variables linked only to the window

ISO 18292 “Energy performance of fenestration systems for residential buildings - Calculation procedure”, 2011.

40th IAHS World Conference on Housing Funchal, Madeira, Portugal - December 16-19, 2014

Window Energy Label arch. Emilio Antoniol

>> starting from ISO 18292 seasonal equations

DEFINITION OF TWO ENERGY PERFORMANCE EQUATIONS

>> 4 coefficients linked to the climate zone

EPH= ηH*IH*Fsh*gw - DH*(Uw+L) EPC= IC*Fsh*gw - ηC* DC*(Uw+L)

ISO 18292 “Energy performance of fenestration systems for residential buildings - Calculation procedure”, 2011.

40th IAHS World Conference on Housing Funchal, Madeira, Portugal - December 16-19, 2014

Window Energy Label arch. Emilio Antoniol

>> starting from ISO 18292 seasonal equations

DEFINITION OF TWO ENERGY EPH= ηH*IH*Fsh*gw - DH*(Uw+L) PERFORMANCE EPC= IC*Fsh*gw - ηC* DC*(Uw+L) EQUATIONS

>> 2 coefficients linked to the reference building

ISO 18292 “Energy performance of fenestration systems for residential buildings - Calculation procedure”, 2011.

40th IAHS World Conference on Housing Funchal, Madeira, Portugal - December 16-19, 2014

Window Energy Label arch. Emilio Antoniol

>> starting from ISO 18292 seasonal equations

DEFINITION 0,7 / 0,9 OF TWO ENERGY EPH= ηH*IH*Fsh*gw - DH*(Uw+L) PERFORMANCE EPC= IC*Fsh*gw - ηC* DC*(Uw+L) EQUATIONS >> 1 fixed shading coefficient

ISO 13790:2008 Energy performance of buildings -- Calculation of energy use for space heating and cooling 40th IAHS World Conference on Housing Funchal, Madeira, Portugal - December 16-19, 2014

Window Energy Label arch. Emilio Antoniol

>> application in the Italian context

40th IAHS World Conference on Housing Funchal, Madeira, Portugal - December 16-19, 2014

>

DEFINITION OF SPECIFIC NATIONAL EQUATION USING 32 WINDOW COMBINATIONS

>> 32 window combinations X 14 cities

>> 8 Italian equations X 4 zones ZONE

Heating

Cooling

ZONE I

EPH= 117*0,7*gw- 23*(Uw + L) EPc= 272*0,7*gw- 7,2*(Uw + L)

ZONE II

EPH= 123*0,7*gw- 38*(Uw + L) EPc= 270*0,7*gw-10,9*(Uw + L)

ZONE III

EPH= 162*0,7*gw- 66*(Uw + L) EPc= 224*0,7*gw- 11,0*(Uw + L)

ZONE IV

EPH= 150*0,7*gw- 90*(Uw + L) EPc= 150*0,7*gw- 13,9*(Uw + L)

Window Energy Label arch. Emilio Antoniol

>> how to evaluate a window?

8 CLASSES RATING SCHEME PROPOSAL >>

Energy Class

EP Heating

EP Cooling

EP Total

kWh/m2y

kWh/m2y

kWh/m2y

A+

> -10

< 10

< 30

A

-10 / -30

10 / 20

30 / 60

B

-30 / -50

20 / 30

60 / 100

C

-50 / -70

30 / 45

100 / 160

D

-70 / -90

45 / 60

160 / 210

E

-90 / -110

60 / 80

210 / 270

F

-110 / -130

80 / 100

270 / 330

G

< -130

> 100

> 330

>> EPH - EPC are seasonal energy performance indices >> they are based on the italian context simulation >> AN EUROPEAN VALIDATION IS NEEDED

40th IAHS World Conference on Housing Funchal, Madeira, Portugal - December 16-19, 2014

Window Energy Label arch. Emilio Antoniol

>> how to evaluate a window?

8 CLASSES RATING SCHEME PROPOSAL >>

Energy Class

EP Heating

EP Cooling

EP Total

kWh/m2y

kWh/m2y

kWh/m2y

A+

> -10

< 10

< 30

A

-10 / -30

10 / 20

30 / 60

B

-30 / -50

20 / 30

60 / 100

C

-50 / -70

30 / 45

100 / 160

D

-70 / -90

45 / 60

160 / 210

E

-90 / -110

60 / 80

210 / 270

F

-110 / -130

80 / 100

270 / 330

G

< -130

> 100

> 330

>> EPtot is a average weighted value of EPH and EPC >> it is the primary energy consumption of the window EPtot = -EPH * PRFH + EPC * PRFC where PRF is the conversion factor of primary energy consumption for heating (H) or cooling (C)

J. Rucinska, “Energy Certification Of Windows In Poland”, SB11 Helsinki World Sustainable Building Conference, Helsinki, 2011.

40th IAHS World Conference on Housing Funchal, Madeira, Portugal - December 16-19, 2014

Window Energy Label arch. Emilio Antoniol

>> a window energy label output for Italy Parametri Energetici

Windows Energy Label

Uw

Prodotto Produttore Tipologia infisso Dimensioni 1230x1480mm Località

gg

gw+sh

gw

W/mqK

L

LT

W/mqK

%

%

xx

xx

1.62 0.60 0.52 0.18 0.16

ITALIA

Zona

I

Zona

II

Zona

III

Zona

EPTOT

EPH

EPC

EPTOT

EPH

EPC

EPTOT

EPH

EPC

46

2

22

55

-23

15

78

-59

9

A

A

A

EPTOT

DP

IV

EPH

EPC

Energy Perfomance EP kWh/mqa

ITALIAN LABEL PROPOSAL >>

A+ A B C

105 -105

A+

A+ A B

0 A+

B C

C

D E

E

F G

>> few input parameters (Uw - gw or gw+sh - L)

ISO 18292:2011, “Energy performance of fenestration systems for residential buildings - Calculation procedure” 40th IAHS World Conference on Housing Funchal, Madeira, Portugal - December 16-19, 2014

Window Energy Label arch. Emilio Antoniol

>> a window energy label output for Italy Parametri Energetici

Windows Energy Label

Uw

Prodotto Produttore Tipologia infisso Dimensioni 1230x1480mm Località

gg

gw+sh

gw

W/mqK

L

LT

W/mqK

%

%

xx

xx

1.62 0.60 0.52 0.18 0.16

ITALIA

Zona

I

Zona

II

Zona

III

Zona

EPTOT

EPH

EPC

EPTOT

EPH

EPC

EPTOT

EPH

EPC

46

2

22

55

-23

15

78

-59

9

A

A

A

EPTOT

DP

IV

EPH

EPC

Energy Perfomance EP kWh/mqa

ITALIAN LABEL PROPOSAL >>

A+ A

A+

A+ A

B

105 -105

B

0 A+

B

C

C

C

D E F G

E

1

2

3

4

>> few input parameters (Uw - gw or gw+sh - L) >> 4 climatic zones

ISO 18292:2011, “Energy performance of fenestration systems for residential buildings - Calculation procedure” 40th IAHS World Conference on Housing Funchal, Madeira, Portugal - December 16-19, 2014

Window Energy Label arch. Emilio Antoniol

>> a window energy label output for Italy Parametri Energetici

Windows Energy Label

Uw

Prodotto Produttore Tipologia infisso Dimensioni 1230x1480mm Località

gg

gw+sh

gw

W/mqK

L

LT

W/mqK

%

%

xx

xx

1.62 0.60 0.52 0.18 0.16

ITALIA

Zona

I

Zona

II

Zona

III

Zona

EPTOT

EPH

EPC

EPTOT

EPH

EPC

EPTOT

EPH

EPC

46

2

22

55

-23

15

78

-59

9

A

A

A

EPTOT

DP

IV

EPH

EPC

Energy Perfomance EP kWh/mqa

ITALIAN LABEL PROPOSAL >>

A+ A B C

105 -105

A+

A+ A B

0 A+

B C

C

D E

E

F G

>> few input parameters (Uw - gw or gw+sh - L) >> 4 climatic zones >> 1 total energy performance index EPtot >> 2 seasonal energy performance indices EPH and EPC

ISO 18292:2011, “Energy performance of fenestration systems for residential buildings - Calculation procedure” 40th IAHS World Conference on Housing Funchal, Madeira, Portugal - December 16-19, 2014

Window Energy Label arch. Emilio Antoniol

>> a window energy label output for Italy Parametri Energetici

Windows Energy Label

Uw

Prodotto Produttore Tipologia infisso Dimensioni 1230x1480mm Località

gg

gw+sh

gw

W/mqK

L

LT

W/mqK

%

%

xx

xx

1.62 0.60 0.52 0.18 0.16

ITALIA

Zona

I

Zona

II

Zona

III

Zona

EPTOT

EPH

EPC

EPTOT

EPH

EPC

EPTOT

EPH

EPC

46

2

22

55

-23

15

78

-59

9

A

A

A

EPTOT

DP

IV

EPH

EPC

Energy Perfomance EP kWh/mqa

ITALIAN LABEL PROPOSAL >>

A+ A B C

105 -105

A+

A+ A B

0 A+

B C

C

D E

E

F G

>> thanks to the label it is possible TO MAKE COMPARRISION between different windows installed in different climate conditions

ISO 18292:2011, “Energy performance of fenestration systems for residential buildings - Calculation procedure” 40th IAHS World Conference on Housing Funchal, Madeira, Portugal - December 16-19, 2014

Window Energy Label arch. Emilio Antoniol

>> in conclusions windows label can be...

AN EFFECTIVE TOOL FOR THE DIFFUSION OF EFFICIENT WINDOW IDEA THROUGHOUT EUROPE 40th IAHS World Conference on Housing Funchal, Madeira, Portugal - December 16-19, 2014

but it must consider.... >> both WINTER and SUMMER conditions >> different CLIMATE CONDITIONS using specific national coefficients >> only THREE MAIN VARIABLES linked to the window - thermal transmittance (Uw), solar factor (gw) and air leakage (L) >> the EPTOT TO SIMPLIFIES THE RESULTS, making them understandable also for end users and suggesting an average value for the window efficiency Window Energy Label arch. Emilio Antoniol

thanks for your attention

arch. Emilio Antoniol Ph.D. candidate at the School of Doctorate Studies in architecture, city and design of Iuav University of Venice

antoniolemilio@gmail.com 40th IAHS World Conference on Housing Funchal, Madeira, Portugal - December 16-19, 2014

Window Energy Label arch. Emilio Antoniol