The Ontarion 188.4 | This Too Shall Pass

188.4

APRIL 9, 2020

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I S SU E 18 8.4

TH E O NTA R I O N .CO M

TAKE ONLY WHAT YOU NEED. We’re in this together.

WE LOVE THE SHARING OF INFORMATION AND IDEAS, BUT FOR NOW, WHILE WE’RE IN THE MIDDLE OF ALL THIS, REMEMBER THAT IF YOU PICK THIS NEWSPAPER UP, KEEP IT. DON’T PUT IT BACK ON THE RACK.

Let’s try to flatten that curve and minimize our contact with others. Also, like, we worked really hard on this (and from home too!), so hang on to this paper, give it a read, and if anyone else wants to take a look, tell them to check us out online at www.theontarion.com or to get their own free copy at any of our newsstands in the city (see theontarion.com/pickup-locations) for more info.

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@TH E O NTA R I O N

A PR I L 9 T H , 2020

THANK YOU! We at The O nt arion would like to thank the he althc are workers , the f irst responders , the essential workers , the food ser vice workers , the grocer y store workers , the bus drivers , truck drivers , volunte ers , and those at home. We appre ciate you and your stress and hard work , and we are grateful to you for be ing on the front lines or for being at home. A s with all things , this too shall pa ss , and we will get through this if we suppor t and look af ter each other.

Thank you for ke eping us healthy, s afe, and providing ne cess ar y ser vices — from the bottom of our hear t s , we thank you .

THE ONTARION INC.

EDITORIAL STAFF

PRODUCTION STAFF

University Centre Room 264 University of Guelph 50 Stone Road East Guelph ON, Canada N1G 2W1

Editor-in-Chief Kevin Connery

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BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Assignment Editor Leah Morrow

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News Editor Allan Sloan

OFFICE STAFF

Chair of the Board Hannah Stewart

Phone 519-824-4120 Editorial x 58250 Advertising x 58267 Accounts x 53534 ontarion@uoguelph.ca theontarion.com @theontarion

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DIRECTORS Alex Lefebvre Jonathan Marun-Batista Kanza Shams Miguel Mabalay Tasha Falconer

Cover Design by Kevin Connery.

The Ontarion is a non-profit organization governed by a Board of Directors. Since The Ontarion undertakes the publishing of student work, the opinions expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of The Ontarion staff and Board of Directors. The Ontarion reserves the right to edit or refuse all material deemed sexist, racist, homophobic, or otherwise unfit for publication as determined by the Editor-in-Chief. Material of any form appearing in this newspaper is copyrighted 2020 and cannot be reprinted without the approval of the Editor-in-Chief. The Ontarion retains the right of first publication on all material. In the event that an advertiser is not satisfied with an advertisement in the newspaper, they must notify The Ontarion within four working days of publication. The Ontarion will not be held responsible for advertising mistakes beyond the cost of advertisement. The Ontarion is printed by Hamilton Web.

TH E O NTA R I O N .CO M

EDITORIAL

04/08/2020 B y Kev i n C o n n e r y

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HE LAST FEW WEEKS have been an adjustment. As our newsroom has transitioned to working from home, we’ve had to figure out a lot — like how to actually work from home. It hasn’t been terribly easy, (as I write this my back is aching from not having my office chair), but we have managed.

I was talking to one of The Ontarion’s columnists recently. We were commiserating over the strange attitude that seems to have caught a great number of people, the attitude of deliberate, almost manic perseverance. These are the folks who keep insisting that we buck up and stop feeling anxious. It’s an attitude I understand — in fact, in this newspaper we have several stories that might be described this way — but it’s one that lately seems grating. Rarely has being told to buck up accomplished much beyond filling me with rage — in my opinion, quite justified.

But at the same time, there is little use in prolonged and unproductive dejection. So how do we act?

The story goes that a king once asked to be gifted something that would make him happy when he was sad and sad when he was happy, so he was given a ring engraved with the words “this too shall pass.”

It’s cliché to use this quote, I understand, but clichés are clichés because they often contain some truth.

We are living in a moment of vivid history. It is, at turns, anxious and uncertain, dangerous, and boring — so boring. That is perhaps the strangest part of this. Even as the world feels like it’s ending, we’re bored. Without a booming film score, the end of the world feels dull. But this isn’t the end of the world, and it will pass.

Our quarantine and isolation does give us pause to reflect and consider (always a good thing), and I hope that we can learn from this moment. There is a line in Graham Burt’s article in this issue (page 17) where he quotes a soldier talking about the war.

The soldier says, “I hope the chaps at present training in Canada will never have to come over here.”

I absolutely resist comparisons between our present moment and wartime — while there may be similarities, I suspect what we are experiencing is as far from the experiences of the war as a toothache is from being set on fire — but I think the core of that statement resonates strongly. Let us go through this so that those who come next will not have to. Let us figure out what we can do and what we can’t and let us make changes.

We have seen the ability of our government, and governments internationally, to respond. We’ve seen the good they have accomplished and we have seen where they have failed. In Canada, it feels like we were underprepared, staggeringly so — and of course we were. No one expected this. So, let this be a chance for us to come together, to strengthen our communities, and to enact changes that make it both so that we are looked after now and prepared in the future. Let us consider how fragile the structures of society are and examine where we can reinforce them and where we need to rebuild. But let us also be cautious. In times of crisis, there is always the risk of making changes for the greater good that end up being wrong. It is very easy, when we are afraid, to forget that the way we make it through this is together, and that if we think about only ourselves or start sacrificing freedoms that were hard-fought for, people will get hurt. Now — as always — it’s those on the margins who are at the greatest risk, not only of illness, but of being swept up in the maelstrom of our response. We cannot police infection. There is no good in trying to assign blame. Compassion and patience must overcome our fear.

If you are anxious, feel anxious. If you are scared, feel scared. If you are bored, my god, feel bored. But remember, that this too shall pass and the way we get through it is together. n

K E V I N C O N N E RY E D I TO R - I N - C H I E F

G U E L P H R E N T S T R I K E ( C o l l e g e R oy a l , w a s t o b e h e l d M a rc h 2 1 a n d 2 2 , b u t c a n c e l l e d o n M a rc h 1 3 ) | P h o to b y A l e x V i a l e t te

I S SU E 18 8.4

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NEWS

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Guelph Using 3D Printers to Create Medical Equipment B y Kev i n C o n n e r y

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ITH THE availability of personal protective equipment (PPE) becoming increasingly limited in Canada, the University of Guelph and makers in the community are using 3D printers to create face shields for health workers.

Across the university campus, 3D printers — including those at the John F. Wood Centre MakerSpace, the two at the School of Fine Art and Music, and the printers at the College of Arts’ Interdisciplinary Design Lab (IDL) — are being used to produce plastic frames for face shields that are

University.

In the School of Fine Art and Music, the 3D printers are normally used by Studio Art students for virtual sculpting projects or to recreate miniature models of famous artworks.

Sculpture technician, Paul Lovell, who is now using the 3D printers to create protective face shields, told the University, “They’re great tools for our students but these printers were just sitting idle on campus, so now we’re putting them to use.”

The University has also donated 10,000 N95 masks to local hospitals, as well as materials to

ed to recognized standards” and “may not provide complete protection against virus-sized particles.”

Guelph Makers and the University are taking care to ensure what they are making meets necessary standards.

A post on April 1, from maker Scott Harris, showed a picture of a stack of clear face shields and read, “200 face shields ready to go to the Homewood [Homewood Health Centre] to help with their outbreak.”

Harris, 45, who works as a teacher at the Upper Grand District School Board told The Ontarion, “I started printing them

INKSM ITH, A KIT C HENERBASED EDUC AT ION T EC HNOLOGY C OM PANY HAS BEEN C OLLEC T ING SOM E OF T HE FRAM ES OUT FIT T ING T HEM WIT H C LEAR, LASER-

@TH E O NTA R I O N

C H A R LOT T E YAT E S

New Interim President Announced

By Allan Sloan

C

HARLOTTE YATES, Provost and Vice-President (academic), has been appointed president on an interim basis for two years beginning Aug. 2.

“U of G’s Board of Governors made the unanimous decision today,” reads a news release from the university announcing the appointment of Yates.

Yates has served as provost since 2015, and during her time, she has “focused on building a strong leadership team” according to the release, as well as strategic planning and “developing and enhancing mentoring, training and equity initiatives.”

In July 2019, it was announced that Franco Vaccarino, the current president of the university, would be stepping down effective Aug. 1, 2020.

While it’s currently unan-

nounced if Yates will be the permanent sitting president of the university, the Board did announce that the search for the University’s ninth president and vice-chancellor has been suspended.

U of G Board of Governors and Chair of the Presidential Search Committee Shauneen Bruder said that while the search for the next U of G president is important, the university’s focus should be on COVID-19.

“COVID-19 is creating much uncertainty, both now and for the future. We expect that even once the crisis subsides, the implications will be long-lasting. At the same time, there are many other strategic imperatives the University must address to continue to move forward,” Bruder said. n

C UT PLAST IC FAC E GUARDS.

I l l u s t r at i o n o f h e a d b a n d p i e c e s l i ke t h e k i n d b e i n g p r i n te d at U o f G’s I D L l a b

to be donated to essential service workers.

Mairin Scannell, Program Coordinator at the John F. Wood Centre for Business and Student Enterprise, told the University that when she heard of the PPE shortage, she wanted to help.

Each frame takes close to three hours to make, and last week, Scannell sent the first batch of printed frames to InkSmith, a Kitchener-based education technology company that has been collecting frames and outfit each with a clear, laser-cut plastic face guard.

“These face masks will then be distributed to the essential workers in the region who have been requesting them, including pharmacists, veterinary offices and medical clinics,” Scannell told the

create hand sanitizers, and says it “plans to ship and distribute more supplies to local health authorities.”

On Facebook, a group called “Guelph Makers Covid-19 Response” was created on March 20. The groups, self-described as “a place for organizing makers and sharing designs for medical equipment that may become necessary in the Guelph and area response to the Covid-19 pandemic,” has been sharing 3D printer models so that people in the community who have access to 3D printers can help.

Health Canada is advising the public, as well as healthcare professionals to use caution when considering the use of homemade masks, noting that sewn cloth face masks “have not been test-

because I am a 3D printing enthusiast.”

“It took a very long time to print each mask and a lot of filament,” Harris said, “so I started trying to design my own version. I managed to reduce the amount of plastic by about five times, which greatly increased production.”

The response from the community has been both quick and effective.

“The maker community is uniquely prepared to respond quickly and immediately to the changing needs of society,” Harris said. “It has been very heartening to see the community come together in this time of anxiety and hardship. … As of yesterday (April 2) we have distributed 1,020 face shields in the Guelph area.” n

University Pushes Back Convocation

By The Ontarion Staff

T

HE UNIVERSITY of Guelph announced that spring convocation and the annual Alumni Weekend have been cancelled.

In a daily update regarding COVID-19, Franco Vaccarino, the President and Vice-Chancellor of the University, said that the University is working to prioritize social distancing. Many other events, including College Royal and the Athletic Banquet which were both set to take place this spring, had already been cancelled.

“Under these difficult and challenging circumstances, our decisions are driven by the imperative of maintaining the

health and safety of our community,” reads the update from Vaccarino. “As we continue to watch the spread of COVID-19 in Canada and around the world, we don’t yet know when these social distancing measures will be relaxed or lifted.”

Winter 2020 graduates will have the chance to attend a future convocation ceremony. The University is working on plans to ensure that graduating students have the opportunity to walk across the stage in the fall.

Despite the cancellation, all students who are eligible to graduate this year will still graduate.

Graduates will receive their degrees by mail this spring. n

I S SU E 18 8.4

TH E O NTA R I O N .CO M

2019 DEC 31

A pneumonia of unknown cause was detected in Wuhan, China and reported to the World Health Organization (WHO).

2020 JAN 8

T H E PA R L I A M E N T B U I L D I N G S O F C A N A DA | S a f f r o n B l a ze (CC BY-SA 3.0)

Understand the Emergencies Act What Might it Mean for Canada

By Ifrah Ikram

A

S THE COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread throughout Canada, Canadians are looking to the government for action.

Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, along with the provincial and territorial leaders, have discussed the opportunity for a federal Emergencies Act to subside the effects of COVID-19.

If enacted by the federal government, the Emergencies Act would authorize them to take special, but temporary, measures to ensure safety and security during national emergencies. There are four scenarios outlined in the act that would give the prime minister power over: public welfare (natural disasters, disease), public order (civil unrest), international emergencies, and war emergencies.

While this act has never been used before, Canada is familiar with its content.

The Emergencies Act replaced the War Measures Act in 1988.

Prior to this, the War Measures Act was used during the first and second World Wars, as well as by Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau during the Front de liberation du Quebec (FLQ) crisis.

The War Measures Act was similar to the Emergencies Act in that it allowed Parliament to take emergency measures necessary in event of a war, invasion, or insurrection.

The War Measures Act came under frequent criticism as it was seen by some to be suspending civil liberties and personal freedoms when invoked.

When the Emergencies Act was put in place, it differed from the War Measures Act in two significant areas. The first is

that a declaration of emergency must be reviewed by Parliament.

The second is that any temporary laws made under the act are subject to the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.

While provinces have declared a state of emergency to limit the spread of COVID-19, the Emergencies Act would override the provinces, even in their areas of jurisdiction.

“One of the key elements of the Emergencies Act is that it is an override over the provinces,” Prime Minister Trudeau said about the possibility of invoking the act. “It takes powers that normally are only in the hands of the provinces, or even municipalities and puts them in the federal level.”

The main objective of the Emergencies Act would be to allow the federal government to do things that could not otherwise be done. The act could close interprovincial borders to limit the spread of COVID-19 across the country. It could also allow the federal government to nationalize the economy in an attempt to ensure the well-being of Canadians by granting the federal cabinet the power to restore and maintain public utilities and services.

The Conservative opposition leader Andrew Scheer has spoken out against the Emergencies Act as being “undemocratic”, which is a concern many share.

The act has been debated as a mere power grab for the federal government even though it was intended for such unforeseen circumstances that arise, like the COVID-19 pandemic.

Negotiations regarding the implementation of the Emergencies Act are ongoing. n

WHO says more than 50 pneumonia cases in Wuhan may be due to a new type of coronavirus. The following day, China Central Television confirms a novel coronavirus.

JAN 9

A 61-year-old man dies from pneumonia in Wuhan.

He tests positive for the novel coronavirus.

JAN 20

China confirms human-tohuman transmission of the virus after medical staff in Guangdong Province are infected.

JAN 21

U.S. health officials report the first case of novel coronavirus in the United States.

JAN 23

The WHO calls the coronavirus situation “an emergency in China.”

JAN 24

Europe confirms its three cases of novel coronaviruses in France.

Wellington-DufferinGuelph Public Health says it is working with local health care partners and hospitals to monitor the “situation regarding a novel coronavirus.”

Timeline of COVID-19 From its initial appearance in 2019 to the full lockdown, COVID-19 has spread and deeply affected the lives of nearly everyone, globally. In Guelph, the impact has been minimal when it comes to the number of people infected, but the disruption to daily life has been significant. This timeline paints a very rough picture of events. What it doesn’t show is the lived experience of the day-to-day, which was (and is) often boring, undramatic, and touched by uncertainty. History makes a narrative when we look back upon it because, like this timeline, all the points seem to connect, but for now, as we wait for the pandemic to pass, that narrative is still developing.

FEB 11

WHO announces a name for the new coronavirus disease: COVID-19.

FEB 27

Quebec reports its first presumptive case of COVID-19.

MAR 4

U of G announces that it is still monitoring COVID-19, saying “The University has a pandemic plan and is in the process of developing continuity plans should an outbreak occur locally” and that “U of G’s emergency operations committee is meeting regularly to assess the situation and adjust plans as needed.”

JAN 28

First case of coronavirus in British Columbia.

JAN 30

WHO declares a global health emergency.

JAN 31

University of Guelph releases a new brief titled “2019 Novel Coronavirus: FAQs, General Info and Best Practices.”

It says: “The University of Guelph’s Student Health Services team is working with Wellington-Dufferin-Guelph Public Health to monitor the situation and will follow public health’s recommendations.”

FEB 1

First coronavirus-related death outside of China in the Philippines.

FEB 5

The Diamond Princess cruise ship carrying 250 Canadians is quarantined off the coast of Japan following a confirmed outbreak of coronavirus on-board.

week, making the last day of classes April 9, 2020 That final exams will be conducted through alternative delivery format (no face-toface exams).

The cancellation of many major upcoming events The cancellation of Universityrelated travel

MAR 16

The University asks employees to work from home where possible beginning of March 17.

Students in residence asked to

IN T HE COM IN G D AY S , 4,0 0 0 S T UD E N T S M OV E OUT OF RE S ID E N CE S .

MAR 5

Waterloo Region has its first case of COVID-19.

MAR 9

Canada records its first COVID-19 death.

AROUND T HIS T IM E, REPORT S BEGIN T O EM ERGE OF C ANADIANS ST OC KPILING T OILE T PAPER.

JAN 25

First presumptive positive novel coronavirus case in Ontario.

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MAR 11

First case in Ottawa.

The number of confirmed cases across Canada reaches 116 (42 in Ontario).

The federal Liberal government announces a $1 billion aid package.

MAR 12

Ontario Premier Doug Ford announces publicly funded schools will be closed from March 14 until April 5.

U of G releases information about university-related travel cancellations.

MAR 13

Wellington-Dufferin-Guelph Public Health announces COVID-19 Assessment Clinic to open in Guelph on March 17.

University of Guelph announces: Closure from Mar 16 to 23, and no face-to-face classes for the remainder of the Winter 2020 semester The suspension of all face-toface classes for the rest of the Winter 2020 semester That the Winter 2020 semester is extended by one

vacate as quickly as possible with the goal of having all students moved out by March 22.

All university and community events on campus are cancelled for the immediate future.

MAR 17

COVID-19 Assessment Clinic opens in Guelph at 65 Delhi Street.

The City of Guelph announces that all City facilities are closed to the public and that from March 18 to April 15, Guelph Transit will be free and will operate on a 30-minute schedule (this is later extended until April 30).

MAR 25

A State of Emergency is declared in Region of Waterloo after Region of Waterloo Public Health reports 26 new cases of COVID-19, bringing its total up to 58 — 25 laboratoryconfirmed cases and 33 presumptive positive cases.

MAR 26

The university announces that June 2020 convocation ceremonies have been postponed.

Alumni Weekend 2020 is also postponed.

Guelph Transit limits the number of passengers allowed busses to a maximum of 10 people at one time.

MAR 30

The University announces that Athletics facilities will be closed until May 31.

Government announces OSAP payment moratorium.

The University says final exams will continue at discretion of instructors.

APR 2

Wellington-Dufferin-Guelph Public Health confirms the first COVID -19 death in Guelph.

APR 4

The University Centre closes.

MAR 20

McLaughlin Library closes physical space but continues to offer online supports.

Hospitality Services closes all locations but East Side Variety.

MAR 23

Doug Ford announces the closure of all “nonessential” businesses and services for 14 days.

University announced a new grading scheme for Winter 2020, allowing students to keep a numeric grade, accept a nonnumerical “pass,” or drop the course.

B Y T HIS T IM E , M AN Y B US IN E S S E S IN GUE LP H AN D T HE S URROUN D IN G ARE AS HAV E IM P LE M E N T E D M E AS URE S T O RE D UCE T HE P OT E N T IAL S P RE AD OF COV ID -1 9.

N OT AB LY , GROCE RY S T ORE S ARE LIM IT IN G

MAR 24

Wellington-DufferinGuelph Public Health has confirmed a case of COVID-19 in a resident at St. Joseph’s Health Centre in Guelph.

T HE N UM B E R OF S HOP P E RS ALLOW E D IN T HE S T ORE AN D IN CRE AS IN G CLE AN IN G S T AN D ARD S .

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@TH E O NTA R I O N

A PR I L 9 T H , 2020

#NewsNavigation Students Lead Online Discussion About Media Literacy

By The Ontarion Staff

A

GROUP OF U of G students organized a public TwitterChat on April 1 to discuss fake news.

The discussion, called “Deciphering Fake from Real News During Times of Crisis,” was hosted by students from the “Literature and Social Change” class on Twitter. The organizers, Sarah Mallot, Rimsha Faisal, Heather Clayton, and Leah Boileau, invited participants, including The Ontarion, to respond to question prompts and discuss issues such as misinformation and how to recognize fake news.

Heather Clayton, a fourth-year English Literature student and one of the organizers, told The Ontarion that the discussion was meant to “bring attention to the fact that fake news and misinformation in the news is real.”

“We hoped that people would be able to take away an understanding of the best practices for reading the news and media.” She added that the organizers “would have loved for more people to be there, but seeing as how our event was changed due to COVID-19 and social-distancing, we’re happy with how it turned out.” Originally, the event was intended as an in-person panel

discussion.

One of the question prompts posted by the organisers (@open_ hallUOG) read: “Have you read any fake news about COVID-19? How did you recognize it was fake news and what did you do?”

“I generally try to avoid getting news from social media,” said Twitter user @sealyseely.

“Quite often people will share information that is untrue or partially true which causes people to hoard items or panic! It’s a good practice

to ask for the source of the information!” was the response from Guelph Library (@GuelphLibrary).

When asked why it is so important for people to be thoughtful about the news they read and share, Clayton said: “there are so many hoaxes and misinformation that are unknowingly being passed around, inciting fear and worry. If people take their time and make sure to know the facts, they’ll have more peace of mind, which is important during times of crisis.” n

More Uni. Closures

By The Ontarion Staff

T

HE UNIVERSITY of Guelph will cancel all face-to-face course delivery until Aug. 15.

Following the decision to cancel face-to-face classes for the remainder of the Winter 2020 semester, the Summer semester has now been changed as well.

All Summer 2020 courses and exams will be delivered through an alternative format.

“I am disappointed that we

won’t be welcoming students to campus this summer,” said Franco Vaccarino, President and ViceChancellor, “but protecting our students, faculty and staff is still our top priority.”

Students have had to adjust to the new class workflow, and while some say the disruption has been minimal, others have found the transition to online classes difficult. For more on this, see Going Digital page 11. n

WH AT’ S I T LIKE? I N T H E SP A N O F THR EE DA Y S, I W EN T FR O M ENJOYING T HE LAST M ONT H OF M Y U N D E R G R A D U ATE CA REER TO HA V I N G EV ERY T HING C HANGE. I WASN’T SURE HOW A N Y O F M Y C L ASSES W O ULD P R O G R ESS, AN D I NO LONGER HAVE ‘ GRAD WEEK’ T O C E L E B R A T E M Y TI ME AT THE UN I V ER SI TY O F G UELPH. EVERYT HING IS DIFFERENT NOW. ` A D J U S T I N G TO SO CI A L DI STA N CI N G HA S B EC OM E VERY DIFFIC ULT FOR M E. I E N J O Y S E E I N G P EO P LE, G O I N G FO R W ALKS TO INT ERAC T WIT H OT HERS, AND H A V I N G T H E FREEDO M TO G O TO A STO R E W HENEVER I WANT . T HIS HAS PUT A S T R A I N O N M Y MEN TA L HEALTH AS I N O W HA VE T O KEEP M YSELF BUSY IN T HE S M A L L S PA C E O F MY HO USE AN D HA V E TO W ORK ON PROJEC T S WIT H FAM ILY A R O U N D , WH I C H ADDS STRESS TR Y I N G TO FI GURE OUT HOW T O ST UDY AT HOM E. A S M U C H AS I DI SLI KE SO CI AL DI STA N CI N G, IT IS A M UST .

FO R T H O SE W HO A RE AT RI SK , FO R THO SE YOU M IGHT NOT REALIZE T HEY A R E A T R I SK , FO R THO SE W HO HA V E UN DER LYING ILLNESSES T HAT T HEY DON’T K N O W A B O U T P UTTI N G THEM A T RI SK . FO R THOSE WHO ARE FRONT LINE DEFENSE, PR O V I D I N G N ECESSA RY SERV I CES W E ALW AY S T AKE FOR GRANT ED. SO C I A L D ISTAN CI N G I SN ’T FO R Y O U. I T’S F OR YOUR ELDERLY NEIGHBOUR. I T ’ S F O R YO U R P RO FESSO R S. I T’S FO R Y O UR FAM ILY. IT ’S FOR T HE ST RANGER YOU S A W A N D T H E I R FA MI LY .

I K N O W F I RST-HA N D THE EFFECTS THA T SOC IAL DIST ANC ING C AN HAVE, B U T I T ’ S J U S T FO R THE TI ME BEI N G ! MA RCH MIGHT HAVE FELT LIKE FOREVER, B U T I M A G I N E ALL THE A CTI V I TI ES W E W I LL BE ABLE T O DO WHEN T HIS IS OVER. I M A G I N E SE E I NG Y O UR FA MI LY A FTER W EEK S APART . EVERYT HING T HAT ONC E F E L T I N S I G N I FI CA N T W I LL G I V E US SO METHI N G T O LOOK FORWARD T O. T A K E A D V AN TAG E O F THI S TI ME. R EA D THE BOOK YOU HAVE ALWAYS WANT ED T O . W A T C H T HAT MO V I E Y O UR FR I EN D R ECO MM ENDED. FIND NEW REC IPES T O T R Y. C L E A R O UT O LD CLO THES. A BO V E A LL, T AKE C ARE OF YOURSELF AND R E M E M B E R . I F Y O U W A N T THE R AI N BO W , THERE HAS T O BE A LIT T LE BIT OF RAIN. — N EKK A HI SLO P , FO URTH-YEAR BIOM EDIC AL SC IENC E ST UDENT

Student Loan Payments Suspended

By The Ontarion Staff

O

N MARCH 18, the Prime Minister announced an interest-free moratorium on Canadian student loan payment, plus additional help for homeless and other vulnerable peoples.

The National Student Loan Service Centre (NSLSC) said the moratorium would take effect March 30 and will last until Sept. 30.

CBC has reported that Employment and Workforce Development Minister Carla Qualtrough has not ruled out the possibility of extending the break.

“This situation is so fluid we would not rule out doing that,” Qualtrough told CBC. “As the situation becomes more complicated and becomes more serious, there’s never going to be a point we don’t consider extending anything that we announced today.”

Students will be automatically enrolled into the sixmonth program.

The Ontarion reached out on

Facebook to see how the moratorium affected people. One commenter expressed that while the moratorium is good, it isn’t enough and doesn’t address the deeper issue that is the cost of education.

“The government thinks that if it gives you a small break, it’s good enough,” they told The Ontarion. “What they really need to do is stop interest for the long term.”

In an interview with the Toronto Sun, Kayla Weiler, the National Executive Representative for the Canadian Federation of Students, similarly noted that while this interest break will be well received, debt remains a significant issue for students.

Also announced was an $82 billion aid package for Canadians, including assistance for those unable to work due to illness or in order to take care of someone affected by the virus, and who don’t qualify for Employment Insurance. Temporary wage subsidies will be provided to businesses to keep employees on the payroll. n

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WH A T IS GO I NG O N? ONE DAY I WAS A T T E N D IN G CLAS S D ROW N IN G IN A S E A OF T E RM P AP E RS , ONLINE QUIZZES AN D AS S IGN M E N T S . N OW I S IT AT HOM E T RY IN G T O FIND M OT IVAT ION T O GE T OUT OF B E D . CON V E RS AT ION S W IT H F RIE N D S QUIC KLY C HANGE D F ROM S T . P AT RICK’S D AY P LAN S IN W AT E RLOO T O ASKING QUEST IONS T O S E E IF OUR F AM ILIE S ARE OKAY , AN D IF W E HAV E ENOUGH FOOD AT HOM E . IN ON E D AY , ALL S P ORT S W E RE CAN CE LLE D . IN ONE DAY, UNIVER S IT IE S W E RE S HUT D OW N AN D S T UD E N T S W E RE S E N T HOM E. IN ONE DA Y , CIT IE S D E CLARE D N AT ION AL S T AT E S OF E M E RGE N CIE S AND SELF- ISOLATION B E GAN . S IN CE W HE N D ID GOIN G T O A GROCE RY ST ORE FEEL LIKE I’M IN AN E P IS OD E OF S URV IV OR? S IN CE W HE N D ID T HINGS LIKE T OILE T P AP E R AN D HAN D S AN IT IZ E R B E COM E S UCH P OP ULAR IT EM S? DESPIT E BEING Y OUN G, I W AS W E LL AW ARE OF W HAT I N E E D E D T O D O IN ORDER T O PREV E N T T HIS M AD N E S S F ROM B E COM IN G W ORS E . M AN Y OF M Y FRIENDS T HOUGHT T HE Y W E RE IN V IN CIB LE . W HILE I S T AY E D IN S ID E , M Y FRIENDS WERE GOIN G T O T HE M ALL AN D GOIN G T O T HE B AR. W HE N T HE Y ASKED M E T O C OM E , I S AID N O. T HE Y T HOUGHT I W AS B E IN G P ARAN OID .

Going Digital

T HEY T HOUGHT I W AS OV E RRE ACT IN G. T HE N E XT D AY , T HE N B A W AS

U of G Moves Classes Online

C ONT INUES T O INCRE AS E . I’V E B E E N IN S E LF -IS OLAT ION W IT H M Y

T EM PORARILY SU S P E N D E D . T HE N E XT D AY , T HE N HL AN D OT HE R S P ORT S ORGANIZAT IONS F OLLOW E D S UIT . B E F ORE I COULD S AY I T OLD Y OU S O, T HE UNIVERSIT Y W AS S HUT D OW N .

AS I NOW WRIT E , T HE AM OUN T OF D E AT HS CAUS E D B Y COV ID -1 9 FAM ILY FOR ALM OS T T HRE E W E E KS N OW . GOIN G F OR W ALKS US E D T O BE SOM ET HING SO CALM IN G. I US E D T O W AV E AT F AM ILIAR F ACE S IN

B y L e a h M o r r ow

T HE NEIGHBOURH OOD AN D S T OP T O P E T D OGS . N OW , W HE N E V E R I S E E

F

OLLOWING A weeklong closure from March 16 to 23, classes have resumed in an “alternate format.” Online discussion boards have replaced in-class seminars and email has replaced face-toface office hours with professors.

For some, this has been a huge adjustment.

“I usually don’t take online classes, particularly because I know it’s hard to motivate myself to do them,’ said third-year animal biology student, Rose Neil.

“But now, I basically have five online classes.”

Many U of G professors are doing everything they can to ensure that students are still able to get the most out of class and finish the semester as painlessly as possible, but a lack of student participation appears to be a major problem they now face since courses have gone digital.

“A few students continue par-

@laguff

ticipating online, just as they had in class, and others have disappeared,” said Professor and Acting Director of the School of English and Theatre Studies, Martha Nandorfy. “This might be because there aren’t a lot of marks to be gained by participating, unless you still have to do a seminar presentation or response, but it also shows you how students might feel less accountable online.”

Clear communication between professors and students is vital to classroom success, but a lack of communication seems to be another issue students are facing.

As a student of Professor Nandorfy, I can say that she has answered every email I have sent her in a timely manner and offered help wherever she could, but Neil said that not all of her professors have been as attentive. While some of her professors have done a good job of maintaining a schedule and keeping their students up to date on what they need to know moving forward, others have been less forthcoming with information. Neil said that one of her professors has posted all remaining course material to Courselink but has yet to tell their students about how their upcoming exam will be taken.

“I feel like there’s a lot of things that the University didn’t think about when they decided to move

SOM EONE, I HOLD M Y B RE AT H AN D CROS S T HE S T RE E T F RAN T ICALLY

everything online,” T RYING T O RET UR N HOM E . COV ID -1 9 IS N ’T F UN N Y . IT IS N ’T S OM E T HIN G T O said Neil.

T AKE LIGHT LY. T H OUS AN D S HAV E D IE D ACROS S T HE W ORLD AN D IT IS N ’T Where some stuST OPPING ANYT IM E S OON . S OCIAL D IS T AN CIN G IS A T HIN G, AN D IT N E E D S dents are finding lack T O BE PRAC T IC ED . I’M N OT IN S AN E F OR S T AY IN G HOM E OR RE F US IN G T O of motivation to be HANG OUT WIT H F RIE N D S . I’M N OT B E IN G RUD E F OR N OT COM IN G OUT . I’M the biggest obstacle NOT BEING PARAN OID OR OV E RRE ACT IN G. I’M T RY IN G T O S T OP T HE S P RE AD they are facing, some OF C OVID- 1 9. are simply missing I KNOW IT SUCKS . IT S UCKS T HAT S P ORT S HAV E B E E N CAN CE LLE D . IT the opportunity to be SUC KS T HAT C ONV OCAT ION HAS B E E N P OS T P ON E D . IT S UCKS T HAT W E ’RE in a classroom.

LOC KED INSIDE B UT , S E E T HE B IGGE R P ICT URE . S P ORT S CAN COM E B ACK “I miss actually AND YOU’LL GET Y OUR GRAD UAT ION CE RE M ON Y B UT , F AM ILIE S W HO HAV E talking in class. One LOST SOM EONE TO COV ID -1 9 CAN ’T GE T T HE IR LOV E D ON E S B ACK. IF ALL I of my classes was a HAVE T O DO IS STAY HOM E IN ORD E R T O S AV E A LIF E , I W ILL. W ILL Y OU? seminar, so the discussions were the — D AN IE LLA M AN CIN I counterpoint of the class, and quite insightful,” said fourthyear Classical History student, had to make may affect students’ pretty much the same for me.”

Sumana Gupta. abilities to cover original course As the semester comes to a For classes with an emphasis on material and be assessed on the close and students move toward discussion and debate, the transi- learning outcomes.” exam season, there is a sense of tion to online may present a subDespite the substantial changes uncertainty in the air. The unistantial issue. to classes, some students have said versity has declared that all exams In an email sent out to all stu- they have not noticed much of a will now take place in a modified dents, Enrollment Services said difference. format, but they have been very vague in regard to what this will mean for students, saying only “[exams] will be conducted in a “I miss actually talking in class.” modified format (i.e., not face-toface). Your instructor will be able — S U M A N A G U P TA , A FO U RT H -Y E A R C L A S S I C A L H I S TO RY to provide further information.”

STUDENT Students are of varying opinions when it comes to online the university recognizes the “It’s no different because I have classes and how they are handling strain that COVID-19 has placed always found lectures useless,” the sudden changes to their schedon the well-being of students, and said Dillon Penton, a second-year ules, but what is certain is that added that the university under- International Development stu- this is new to everyone. n stands “that the changes we have dent. “I never went to class, so it’s

10

OPINION

Extroverts Alone Feeling the Effects of Social Distancing

By Liaba Nisar

T

HERE HAVE been a number of recent changes to the way we’ve been living our daily lives, brought on by the recent COVID-19 pandemic. From empty grocery store shelves to flooded inboxes with emails about online classes, we have had to adjust to a society that attempts to avoid all possible face-to-face interaction, physical touch, and public events of most kinds.

While schools struggle to accommodate the necessary changes to the academic structure and hospitals attempt to handle an increase in patients, everyone who is not an essential worker has been asked to remain at home.

However, there is an unfortunate consequence of social distancing and that is, the mental turmoil it wreaks on those who relied on structure and socialization to maintain their well-being.

“It’s hard, when there’s no strict routine and you have to make your own,” says one third-year student I spoke with.

Social or physical distancing broadly refers to keeping a distance from others, including avoiding crowded places, limiting contact with at-risk individuals (such as elderly folks and people with compromised immune systems), and staying at least two metres away from people in general. While this is a crucial step in mitigating the spread of infection and flattening the curve so as to avoid the possibility of overwhelming our already-strained healthcare systems, it has made it increasingly difficult to see friends and family and to feel connected within the community.

Living without the daily structures of school or work, and the places where many people were able to see and socialize with friends is already stressful.

Taking away the ability to hang out with others during leisure time and attend social gatherings is a whole other thing.

The cancellation of live music events, theatrical productions, movie showings, and fitness classes takes away the option of enjoying recreation with like-minded individuals, and for extroverts, people who thrive off of socialization and being with people, this can be a huge barrier to mental wellbeing.

Extroverts find energy in social gatherings and people. Taking this away can leave many depleted of this basic energy, and feeling lonely, purposeless, and even depressed.

John Vincent, a clinical psychologist Still, it is important to highlight what from the University of Houston, spoke we can do during this time, despite havabout this lack of energy coming from ing to alter our actions to maintain the social distancing. health of our society.

“People start getting lethargic when People are still able to go out for they don’t have positive inputs into their walks in uncrowded places, connect small worlds,” he says. “We can expect with friends via technology, and attend depression to kick in, and depression virtual events (such as online movie and anxiety are kissing cousins.” nights). This is as good a time as any to It doesn’t help that this pandemic has catch up on that Netflix show or read made it even more difficult for that book that’s been gathering dust on people to access care, wheth- your shelf. er it’s medical or psychoWhile social distancing is a huge logical. Many healthcare struggle, it is also crucial to protect ourworkers are struggling to selves and the people we love from the accommodate their current harm that COVID-19 causes. It is easy patients through virtual or to feel alone during such a tumultuous telephone-issued care, and are and stressful period, but it is essential unable to take on new patients. This that we remember that we are not. limited access to care There are many can amplify the stress others out there already caused by sofacing the same cial distancing. struggles. Although It is difficult to it is difficult, this combat the effects of is a time where we this isolation during must make strides social distancing. We to ensure we do not no longer have the lose these crucial ability to suggest that connections with people see friends, the ones we care go out and engage in about, whether that social events, or conbe through text, nect with people they phone, or video! care about in order Despite the futo alleviate anxiety. ture being so unWithout these coping certain and life mechanisms, which seemingly on a sort many extroverts turn of pause, the most to for energy and a important thing we good quality of life, can do to ensure — A T H I R D -Y E A R S T U D E N T AT many people feel helpsocial distancing THE UNIVERSIT Y OF GUELPH less and alone during does not go on for a time where the fulonger than it has ture seems scarily unto is to, well, be certain. socially distant.

I asked a third-year student, Emily The quicker we are able to flatten the Brown, how her mental state was fluc- curve, ensure affected patients are able tuating during this time. “I feel like to recover, and avoid the further spreadmy mental health has been all over the ing of the virus, the quicker we will be place,” she says. “One day I’ll feel fine, able to slowly lift the restrictions of soand the next day it feels like the end of cial distancing, and resume our lives as the world.” they were before. Until that time comes, We don’t know how long all we can really do is to hope for the it will be until this social best for our future, and play our part in distancing period will be keeping our communities healthy and over. We don’t know exactly safe. Facetime with a friend, spend time when schools and non-es- doing the hobbies you enjoy, wash your sential businesses will re- hands, and stay safe out there. n open, much less recreational events and gatherings of over 50 people. Toronto recently announced the cancellation of all large events through June 30. All we can really do is take the necessary precautions to keep ourselves and those I l l u s t r a t i o n s by L a r i s s a A b r a m s - O g g around us healthy and wait.

“I feel like my mental health has been all over the place.

One day I’ll feel fine, and the next day it feels like the end of the world.”

@TH E O NTA R I O N

Tolerating Uncertainty in an Uncertain World Pandemic Planning for our Mental Health

By Heather Hood, PhD

W

E ARE in uncharted territory in countless ways with the onset of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). Students have had to abruptly move off campus and figure out how to complete the semester while managing a news feed of endless uncertainty. Faculty and staff are managing new methods of service delivery in the context of limited information and concern for the wellbeing of their students, colleagues, family, and friends. When faced with uncertainty about our physical and mental health and access to care, finances, academics, and futures, many people are increasingly worried, stressed, and anxious. Given this, it is unsurprising that in this social climate, many people are experiencing increasing anxiety, depression, loneliness, and sleep disruption.

Research has shown that worry is triggered by situations that are unpredictable, novel, and ambiguous and that these kinds of situations lead to anxiety because of the inherent uncertainty about their outcomes. The current COVID-19 pandemic checks every box — there is enormous uncertainty even at the level of medical and public health officials, which trickles down to personal uncertainty about the consequent social and economic changes.

For many, COVID-19 is a situation they have never encountered. We have no template for how things will turn out, and our minds attempt to fill in the blanks.

While anxiety disorders result from a complex interaction of biological, psychological, and social/ environmental factors, situational anxiety is natural and happens to everyone at times. In this case, anxiety is a normal reaction to an abnormal situation.

Unsurprisingly then, people without pre-existing mental health difficulties may experience a new onset of anxiety in this climate of profound change and uncertainty.

Healthy and adaptive behaviours and thinking patterns that were previously automatic may now be disrupted. For example, our routines — walking to and from campus, our daily interactions with the people at Starbucks or at the Bullring, having a consistent work or class schedule — are all protective factors for our mood and anxiety, and significant disruptions to them can be a source of discomfort or distress.

For people with pre-existing mental health difficulties, however, these changes can exacerbate worry and anxiety. They may now find themselves with limited or no access to previously helpful coping mechanisms — like going to the gym or visiting a therapist — and they may start using unhelpful CON T IN UE D ON P AGE 1 5

I S SU E 18 8.4

TH E O NTA R I O N .CO M

THE CAMPUS, LIKE THE CITY, IS QUIET P h ot o s by A l ex V i a l e t t e | Wo r d s by A l l a n S l o a n

T

HERE’S A NOTHINGNESS IN THE AIR. There have been fewer cars on the road since people were told to stay home. It didn’t stop the walkers though. They group together with their dogs and children, trying to find some routine in this troubled time. With a reserved uncertainty, people walk in half circles as they pass one another, careful to keep six feet apart. Old timers who would normally smile and nod at passersby now squint with cautious judgment as people pass.

People are lined up outside of the local grocery store, hoping to buy meat and toilet paper, which have lately both been in such scarce supply. And inside they are lined up too, six-feet apart, with over-stocked grocery

carts, waiting for the cash register, and hoping that the line moves fast.

The mall is a ghost town. The parking lot is only about a quarter full, and despite seeing people go in and out, it feels like they vanish when they enter. The stores are open, yet employees look bored, as if one customer at 2 p.m. is their busiest hour.

Restaurants that once were packed with people at lunch and dinner, now have “Closed due to COVID-19” signs tapped to their doors. Their parking lots are empty.

A bus passes. “Essential Only, back loading” flashes on its route boards. There is maybe one passenger in it.

The students are nearly all home since the University closed. The campus, like the city, is quiet.

11

T H E U C P H A R M AC Y, O P E N TO S T U D E N T S E V E N A F T E R T H E U N I V E R S I T Y C E N T R E C LO S E D .

E X H I B I T I O N PA R K . AC R O S S T H E C I T Y, PA R K S H AV E B E E N C LO S E D A N D AC C E S S H A S BEEN RESTRICTED.

A L I N E U P O F P E O P L E AT Z E H R S ( E R A M O S A R D ).

12 A PR I L 9 T H , 2020

CIT Y BUSES BEGAN LIMITING NUMBERS OF RIDERS IN MID MARCH.

L I K E C I T Y PA R K S , T H E U N I V E R S I T Y C E N T R E H A S C O R D O N E D O F F AC C E S S TO C E R TA I N A R E A S .

R E N T H A S I N C R E A S I N G LY B E C O M E A N I S S U E A S WO R K P L AC E C LO S U R E S CONTINUE.

T H E C A M P U S I S N E A R LY E M P T Y S I N C E S T U D E N T S M OV E D O U T A N D C L A S S E S WENT ONLINE, BUT SOME STUDENTS REMAIN.

“ P R I VAT E P R O P E R T Y FAC I L I T Y C LO S E D U N T I L F U R T H E R N OT I C E ,” O N E O F T H E S E V E R A L C LO S E D S I G N S T H AT A P P E A R E D O N T H E U O F G C A M P U S S I N C E T H E C LO S U R E S W E N T I N TO E F F E C T.

T H E C A N N O N , PA I N T E D S O M E T I M E A F T E R T H E U N I V E R S I T Y C LO S E D .

I S SU E 18 8.4

A LOOK AT GUELPH

PHOTOS BY ALEX VIALETTE

DETAILS MATTER. At the beginning of April 2020, Photographer Alex Vialette began documenting the changes to the City of Guelph. The impact of COVID-19 can be seen throughout the city, both in small ways — like the “closed” signs that began appearing — and in other, more substantial ways — like the city parks being bound in caution tape, the empty buildings, the empty streets…

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A PR I L 9 T H , 2020

breathing, and developing a sore throat and cough. I don’t think that is the behaviour of someone crazy. I thought it was the responsible thing to do, and quite honestly, it was very hard. I was scared, uncertain, worried about money and worried that I might be overreacting, but I had to do it.

My issues with the lack of testing in Canada comes from my concern that I may have been exposed to COVID-19 in February. My partner went to a conference in Las Vegas on Feb. 25 and when he returned on Feb. 28, he was ill. He had a fever, night sweats, and issues breathing. We were planning to go to Jamaica on March 1, and after he got sick we considered cancelling, wondering if it was COVID-19. But at the time and to our knowledge, there were no confirmed cases in Las Vegas. Even though he was worried, my partner was certain he had just caught a head cold or a bug and that the chances of it being COVID-19 were low.

He downplayed it, not wanting to make a fuss.

At that point, the consensus was not to worry and the government was still saying it was safe to travel. We didn’t have proof yet that, on this side of the world, the virus was spreading. So, armed with Tylenol Cold & Flu tablets, sanitizer, and inhalers, we boarded a flight a few days later with him still fighting a high temperature.

A week after we had returned, I began to have symptoms. Could it be a common cold or flu? Or could it be the deadly, highly contagious disease that had been creeping through our communities for weeks, even as we went on unaware.

I will never know if I have the virus because I was denied testing, but at the time of writing this, I have to assume that I do.

C O R O N AV I R U S S C R E E N I N G C L I N I C AT 6 5 D E L H I S T | P h o to b y A l e x V i a l e t te

I Think I Have COVID-19 But I Can’t Get Tested

By Monica Mehmi

Editor’s Note: The following was written on March 21 while Monica Mehmi, a third-year English student at the University of Guelph, was in self-quarantine.

She had shown flu-like symptoms from March 14 to 22 and had repeatedly tried to get tested for COVID-19, however, due to the limited availability of tests and the strict guidelines and criteria regarding testing, she was denied.

O

N WEDNESDAY, March 19, Sean Cunnington, a 51-year-old man from Milton, died from complications as a direct result from contracting COVID-19. Cunnington had developed flu-like symptoms on March 4 and was taken to hospital a few days later.

Since he had not travelled abroad recently, he was not tested to see whether he was carrying COVID-19. He was sent home with antibiotics. Five days later, he was rehospitalized after his symptoms worsened.

He was tested for COVID-19, but by then it was too late. Cunnington tested positive, but the results came back 10 hours after he had passed away. Sean leaves behind three daughters and his wife, Teri. His was the first coronavirus-related death in the Halton Region.

Despite him having no recent travel history, his symptoms aligned with those of COVID-19. So why was he sent home?

Who else might have come in contact with him or his family while he was contagious?

Where did he get the virus from? And most importantly, why wasn’t he tested?

I ask all this because I have legitimate concerns that I may have COVID-19.

WITH THE NUMBER of confirmed cases in Canada and worldwide growing every day, people have started taking COVID-19 seriously. We now understand the importance of quarantining and maintaining social distance as ways to attempt to flatten the curve of infection. But the virus is still spreading within communities. Because symptoms are similar to the common cold or flu, COVID-19 has been going untested, and in some cases unnoticed, for weeks.

The number of confirmed cases being reported to the public are only the numbers of the positive tests that have come back

out of administered COVID-19 tests so far.

The true numbers of COVID-19 cases are likely exponentially higher than the numbers we’re seeing. That is why quarantining right now is crucial.

Eighty per cent of the people infected will have manageable symptoms while still being contagious, and testing is very, very limited, which is part of the reason why we are being told that if you have any symptoms at all, it is essential to treat yourself as if you have COVID-19.

We will probably never know how many people were and are truly infected by this virus.

I HAVE BEEN told that I couldn’t possibly have COVID-19, that I’m crazy, that I’m feeding into propaganda and spreading fear because I chose to work remotely and quarantine myself after experiencing fever, aches, headaches, night sweats, difficulty

I FIRST EXPERIENCED symptoms on March 14. I had awful body aches, a fever, and night sweats. My head hurt so badly that any noise felt unbearable, and it became hard for me to breath. After being in isolation for a week, my head still hurt, I had a mild cough, and I still struggled throughout the day with my breathing. I did what I thought was right, and sought medical attention. My doctor wanted me to get tested after hearing that my diabetic father was ill as well, and I first called Public Health on Sunday, March 15. They called me back the next morning, but I missed the call. I was sleeping off a fever.

I called again Monday afternoon and never received a call back after leaving a message.

At the same time, I was also calling my doctor’s office, but the secretary there told me to call Public Health or go to a screening centre, and that under absolutely no conditions should I come to the doctor’s office.

On March 17, my partner called Public Health again for me, and within a day someone called back and told him that I should quarantine until I did not show symptoms for 24 hours.

Over the next few days, my headaches were bad, and I still had body aches and fatigue. I developed a cough and needed to use an inhaler to help with my breathing each day, which was abnormal for me.

On March 19, I was able to get a doctors CON T IN UE D ON P AGE 1 6

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C O N T I N U E D FRO M P AG E 10

coping mechanisms, such as increased substance use or excessive media consumption, in an attempt to manage their anxiety.

WHAT YOU CAN DO? We may wonder why some people seem to be less anxious or bothered than other people about the virus and its consequences. People who are mentally resilient tend to engage in several helpful ways of thinking or behaving that can buffer them from stress and anxiety.

We may wonder why some people seem to be less anxious or bothered than other people about the virus and its consequences. People who are mentally resilient tend to engage in several helpful ways of thinking or behaving that can buffer them from stress and anxiety.

Be Present — Mentally resilient people learn ways to change the focus of their attention. Rather than focusing on the future (How long will this last? Will I be able to graduate?), focus on a defined period of time — 1 moment, 1 hour, 1 day.

BE REALISTIC Mentally resilient people tend to see things in realistic and balanced ways.

Those who struggle with worry and anxiety tend to overestimate how bad things will become (sometimes called “catastrophizing”) and underestimate their ability to cope. Learn to recognize catastrophic thinking and shift your thoughts patterns to be more realistic and helpful.

• Notice if you are going to the worstcase scenario and try to generate more realistic outcomes.

• Make a list of times where you have been successful coping with unpleasant events or overwhelming emotions. This can help you to cultivate a positive view of yourself and increase confidence in your strengths and abilities.

SOLVE THE PROBLEMS THAT ARE SOLVABLE! People who are mentally resilient tend to have a positive problem orientation.

That is, they take action to control what they can control and set reasonable, actionable steps to reach those goals.

• Are you concerned about not completing coursework without the regular accountability of attending lectures? Reach out to your TAs about strategies for staying on track. Form a virtual discussion group (try using Zoom or FaceTime or something similar) to keep yourself on track.

Send a message to peers through CourseLink to create a peer support network. Set a schedule for yourself to ensure that you are continuing to make steady progress toward

deadlines.

• Concerned about not being able to pay rent? Look into government incentives for rent and other financial supports. Reach out to your landlord to see if they will defer rent payments temporarily. What about temporary shelters?

• Out of work and unable to afford life?

Look into government supports, deferral of student loan payments, increased line of credit, food banks, and free services that you may currently be paying for.

DON’T TRY TO SOLVE THE PROBLEMS THAT ARE NOT SOLVABLE (or problems that haven’t happened yet and may never happen) We often believe that worrying and our worry behaviours such as excessive consumption of news, social comparison, and reassurance seeking helps us to prepare for the future. If I worry, then I’ll be able to predict what’s coming, and then I won’t feel so bad down the road when the thing I was worried about happens. However, worrying alone cannot solve a problem. In fact, evidence indicates that worry tends to be self-perpetuating and can lead to less effective problem solving. So let go of unproductive worries, and focus on what you can do in just this next moment.

TAKE CONTROL OF YOUR PHYSICAL AND MENTAL HEALTH Put structure into your day and plan ahead. Not only will this increase our sense of control and predictability, it can preserve or improve our sleep (which is often disrupted at times like this). Our sleep system is controlled, in part, by adherence to regular routines, which include regular wake-up times, exposure to sunlight, mental arousal, physical activity, and meal times. To preserve your sleep and consequently your mood, establish a daily routine with regular wake times that looks similar to your pre-pandemic life. If you woke up at 7 a.m. before, then continue to wake up at 7 a.m. Have a shower, eat breakfast at your usual time, and get outside for a walk around the block at your normal time.

activities that give you a sense of accomplishment every day.

PRACTICE RESPONSIBLE PHYSICAL DISTANCING While social distancing sounds catchier, it does not capture the spirit of the recommendations. Humans are social by design (think of the evolutionary advantage of being a social versus solitary being), so maintaining social contact is important for our overall well-being. There are many ways to stay socially connected despite being physically distant: • Call your friends, family members, neighbours, elderly relatives.

Skype, Zoom, FaceTime, Duo or otherwise virtually connect through video with people who matter to you.

• Text people — say hi!

• If it’s your thing, join the social movements going around on social media. Stand on your balcony/front porch for planned singalongs. Write words of encouragement in chalk on the sidewalk outside of the hospital or throughout your neighbourhood.

Put pictures in your window as a sign of solidarity. Join virtual group personal training sessions.

Stand on your balcony, doorway, or on your driveway and connect with your neighbours.

(Most importantly) EXERCISE ACCEPTANCE AND SELF COMPASSION Yes, this is a scary situation, and it makes sense to be somewhat anxious given the inherent uncertainty. Remind yourself that it’s okay to spend a day (or four) in your pyjamas rewatching The Wire. Struggling with productivity? That’s okay too. Recognize that we are all human and we are all just trying to figure this thing out.

Be kind to yourself. Be kind to your neighbours.

You will get through this. Like all things, the COVID-19 pandemic, and all its consequent effects, is temporary and will come to an end. You can emerge stronger, more resilient, and with a greater tolerance for the inevitable uncertainties of life than you thought possible. n

GET ACTIVE Research is increasingly demonstrating the antidepressant effects of physical activity and exercise. Many studies indicate that the benefits of exercise are roughly equivalent to most psychiatric medications and psychological therapies.

Get moving in whatever way works for you.

FIND POSITIVES OR CREATE THE POSITIVES Engage in pleasurable activities and

HEAT HER HOOD, PHD, IS A C LINICAL PSYC HOLOGIST AND T HE C LINI C DIREC T OR OF GUELPH C BT .

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Artists Helping Artists The Silver Lining Amidst Crisis B y A n d r e a M ay

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HE ANTICIPATED approach towards the final months of my undergraduate degree presented such promising prospects. For Studio Art students like myself, public events shape our program, with studio visits, gallery openings, and artist lectures forming the pinnacle of our academic careers. This final period was to be a pivotal moment for our artistic endeavors outside of school, but it was shattered — the rug was pulled out from under us all, and undergrads and MFA students were left stunned and speechless.

Life has become surreal. With the looming global pandemic of COVID-19, the shutdown of non-essential businesses and schools was a shock to the system. In a matter of days my classmates and I, who had had the privilege of partaking in the school’s Specialized Studio program where we were working closely with professors and MFA students, have been forced to move out of our studios. These places had become home to us for the past year, with hours upon hours of hard work and laughter contained within them.

We said farewell to the opportunities we had been dreaming of — The Shenkman Lecture with Amy Sillman, Open Studios, the Juried Art Show, our culminating show at the Boarding House Gallery — they had all vanished into thin air.

In a world in crisis, a mediocre end to my semester seems a small inconvenience, but it is no less a setback. Those experiences that we were looking forward to, that we had been working towards, cannot be replaced by online courses and lectures — their cancellation has been a hard pill to swallow. However, amid all the disruption, there have been a few positives, and I would like to share them.

The one shining light through this has come from within the amazing community that Studio Art has brought me. Through the use of social media, classmates and fellow artists have been sharing the makeshift studios they’ve been creating at home in an attempt to keep the artistic spirit alive. As well, Instagram accounts such as @uofgstudioart and @guelphmfa have been working hard to showcase the art of friends and colleagues at UofG, giving them the exposure that is important for emerging artists and their careers. Through social media, many prominent platforms have opened up their online presence to students who have been experiencing the same heartbreaking events as myself. Open calls for art submissions and portfolios have flooded my timeline and filled my heart with so much joy.

As much as it can be easy to succumb to the anxiety and fear that is upon us in these trying times, the sense of community that I have felt inside and out of the University of Guelph’s art program has been incredible. Art is necessary, community is necessary, and the hope that they provide will be invaluable in the next few weeks or even months. n

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C O N T I N U E D F RO M P AG E 14

appointment over the phone. My doctor was concerned with my symptoms and especially concerned because my father, who has underlying health issues, was now feeling feverish. He told me to go get tested, and his office gave me another number for Public Health. When I called, I was put on hold for a long period of time, and the woman I eventually spoke with told me that I fit the travel criteria for testing. However, since my symptoms were manageable, I was advised to just

she told me. You could go to the assessment centre, but it’s unlikely you’ll get a test because the guidelines are strict.

After a lot of consideration, I did end up going.

WHEN I GOT to the COVID-19 assessment clinic at 65 Delhi Street in Guelph, I was greeted at the door by a masked security guard wearing a yellow smock.

He asked me to sanitize my hands and to take a mask. I was asked why I had come, what symptoms I had, and my travel history. I was told that tests were not administered at the centre, but that since I had symptoms, it could be worth it for me to stay and get assessed by having my vitals taken. So I did.

I was given a green sticker to attach to my chest, and I was then directed to a nurse who asked me to read aloud my healthcare number so that she could make a label, which she stuck to the corner of a wall before instructing me to take it and stick it to my green sticker.

We never touched.

I sat down in the small waiting room where, I think, there were only three chairs for people to sit in. They were spaced far apart. I could hear a nurse speaking to someone about a child with pneumonia.

The nurse was saying that she didn’t feel comfortable clearing the child to leave and that she thought they should go straight to emergency at the hospital next door. When they left, they were instructed to cover the child’s mouth until they were outside. The boy looked younger than 10 years old.

A few minutes passed, and I was called.

I followed a nurse to the end cubicle where I was asked to take off my coat and leave my purse on the window ledge. While one nurse worked on me, another nurse recorded. My blood pressure was taken, and my temperature was read, which was high.

I was asked if I was taking anything, like Tylenol, and if I take medication regularly. I was again asked why I had come in, what symptoms I had, and if I had been outside of the country in the last 14 days. I answered all the questions and I was told I was fine. I wasn’t wheezing but I was told that if my breathing kept bothering me, I should ask my doctor for a stronger inhaler.

If it got severe, I would need to come to the emergency room. I was told to quarantine myself for 14 days, to have my partner quarantine too and to stay away from each other, and to stop going for walks outside with the dog if they were too much for me.

I was told I don’t qualify for testing. This time, the nurse told me it was because they were only testing based on confirmed contact with others who had tested positive for COVID-19 or if the person getting tested was an essential worker. From the phone call I had two hours earlier with Public Health, the requirements had seemed to change again. She said she would love to test me but that they were under strict orders from Public Health and that she could

“If it got severe, I would need to come to the emergency room. I was told to quarantine myself for 14 days, to have my partner quarantine too...

stay home.

She said she couldn’t stop me, or anyone for that matter, from going to the assessment centre but that the chances of me actually getting testing were low.

I asked her what else I could do, and she told me that if my physician was equipped to do testing in his clinic, he could do that there. Otherwise, I should stay home until March 21, because that would be exactly two weeks since I returned from my trip.

Unlike the last person from Public Health I had spoken with, she didn’t mention anything about quarantining myself until my symptoms were gone.

It was all so confusing. I felt stuck. I was worried that my parents would go back to work. And what if my dad was sick because I had exposed him to the virus? Well, she said that if my dad wanted to pursue testing, he would need to come to Guelph from Cambridge in order to get assessed, but likely wouldn’t qualify for testing either, unless he had recently travelled or been in close contact with someone who was a confirmed case. If he had respiratory issues, then they could assess him to see if he would need a test or medical care. But I have respiratory issues now, I told her.

Since I was already an asthmatic, she told me they couldn’t rule out the possibility that that was why I was having symptoms and issues breathing. Stay at home,

not spare a test. She then asked me what I did for a living. I’m a student and I work at an office as a temp, part time. I was not essential.

I asked her then how could I possibly know if I have the virus, she said there is no way to know and that I just had to live as if I did have it.

I thanked the nurse, I told her to take care and I went home, sanitizing my hands again as I left.

THERE ARE TWO schools of thought on testing. The first, and I believe that it is our approach now, is that testing is not necessary because we are being told to quarantine. The other is that testing is basically the eyes and ears of the healthcare system and is essential in order to identify the virus, track it, and contain it. My general thoughts align with the latter. If we had more testing, those of us who were experiencing symptoms could get the answers we needed to keep us informed and able to make accurate decisions regarding our health. If testing was done initially, Sean Cunnington wouldn’t have left that hospital the first time. If I could get a test like my doctor wanted me to, perhaps it would have swayed my father who remains unconvinced that COVID-19 was a serious threat to his health. My mother would have perhaps understood the importance of quarantining, because if I was definitely positive, she and my father have both been exposed to, and could have potentially contracted the virus. China and South Korea both did mass testing, and it was shown to have helped flatten the curve, but here the lack of testing is keeping us in the dark.

Seegene, a South Korean biotech firm, started manufacturing test kits for COVID-19 back in January with the help of artificial intelligence. They did this as a preemptive measure, before there were even any confirmed cases of COVID-19 in South Korea.

They were able to make a test without having physical samples of the virus.

Instead, they used genetic blueprints that were distributed by the World Health Organization to isolate three genes needed to be identified in order to confirm COVID-19.

Seegene was able to make this test within three weeks, a process that usually takes several months to achieve. Only one week after tests were ready, the Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention was able to expedite government approval for the use of the test kits.

Getting this approval would have normally taken over a year to obtain, but the circumstances were extraordinary and this was seen as an emergency situation. South Korea is also using automatic testing that speeds up test result time. With the help of robotics, 94 test samples can be done within four hours. Compare this to the five days on average that Canadians are waiting to get their test results. South Korea did not have to shut their country down because

of their tactical measures and mass testing.

Canadians are struggling. We are being told to stay home, we are losing income and many of us are anxious about experiencing symptoms and not being able to get tested for the virus.

I understand that we don’t have enough tests and testing uses resources, but in this case, testing is extremely beneficial in order to give the public accurate numbers on what we are really dealing with. I can’t help but wonder why Canada and the United States did not step up to the plate sooner in regards to manufacturing tests and making sure supply was being met in case of a pandemic. We had months to consider what was happening in China and the impact it would cause globally. Why were we sitting on our hands for months, just to ration essential services and necessary tests now?

Not everyone is going to stay home, and even if they do, what if the person you send out for groceries because they appear healthy is actually an asymptomatic carrier of COVID-19? Or what if they have very mild symptoms and they don’t think it’s serious enough to prevent them from going to get those groceries? A two-week quarantine won’t solve the problem entirely. It will help, but soon people will start leaving their homes. We are putting lives at risk by not testing more people. The fact is, the rate of spread is beyond our knowledge and the way to learn about how deeply we have been impacted is to test more. Testing along with the quarantining will be the most effective method at reducing spread. This is something that the government and Public Health need to step up immediately before it’s too late. For the sake of our citizens and the people w h o

...and to stay away from each other, and to stop going for walks outside with the dog if they were too much for me. I was told I don’t qualify for testing.”

have lost their lives, I hope that mass testing will be a priority soon. n

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17

Unprecedented Times?

COVID-19 and the 1918–1920 Spanish Influenza Pandemic at the University of Guelph B y G r a h a m B u r t | A r c h i ve s A s s o c i a t e

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HORTLY AFTER classes began in the fall term of 1918, Byron Jenvey, a professor of agriculture economics at the Ontario Agricultural College (OAC), went to his doctor’s office after feeling ill. The doctor did some tests, took Jenvey’s temperature, prescribed him a box of aspirin and a bottle of Seagram’s V.O. Whiskey, and sent him home.

He was ordered to “take two aspirins in a dessert-spoonful of whiskey, three times daily.” Professor Jenvey had contracted a mild form of influenza, vernacularly known in 1918 as ‘the Spanish Flu.’ Jenvey would recover, but thousands of other Canadians, and millions of others around the world, would not.

The Spanish Flu swept across the world in several waves between 1918 and 1920, killing approximately 55,000 Canadians and at least 50 million people worldwide.

Of those Canadians who succumbed to this deadly flu, at least 15 were students or faculty members at the OAC and Macdonald Institute, two of the three colleges that in 1964 would join to form the University of Guelph.

Since COVID-19 was officially declared a pandemic on March 11, we have heard it said that these are “unprecedented times.”

The closure of schools, theatres, churches, and workplaces, as well as the cancellation or postponement of sporting events and other large gatherings, including spring convocation at the University of Guelph, and

the widespread sense of panic and fear the world is experiencing right now may seem entirely novel. But it’s not. Only a century ago, students, faculty, and community members in Guelph and around the world were facing similar situations. And now, as we grapple with our current pandemic, we are left to wonder, what can we learn from their story?

THE FIRST WAVE (OCT. 1918 – FEB. 1919) “It soon became evident that Macdonald Hall must be its own hospital, as one after another the students showed symptoms of the malady and were ordered to stay in bed.”

—OAC Review (Nov. 1918) “One morning in September of 1918, I left my Elgin County farm home, and was driven to the village station where, in a state of mild excitement, I boarded “Old Granny,” the local train, and set out for Guelph to attend the Ontario Agricultural College… On the campus there was a fine flurry of excitement: students were passing in and out of the Administration Building, while others formed noisy clusters on the roadway and sidewalks or called to their friends from the open windows of the residence. I made my way through this scene of frenetic activity, and lined up with other freshmen to pay my fees and be assigned to a room in residence… I was not surprised, when I had found my room, to

M O R E TO N LO D G E AT T H E OAC (c . 1 9 0 0 - 1 9 2 5 ) | A l b e r t y p e C o m p a n y/L i b r a r y a n d A rc h i v e s C a n a d a /PA - 03 1 8 7 2 .

discover another freshman in the process of moving in. His name was McLaughlin…

[We] light-heartedly tossed for choice of beds and helped each other carry our trunks from the basement where the draymen had left them.”

This is how 17-year-old Harold B. Disbrowe described his first day at the OAC in September of 1918. Later that first day, after enduring their first dining hall meal and exploring the campus together, Disbrowe and McLaughlin “made the acquaintance” of their other freshmen residence neighbours and settled in for the night.

“It was late when we retired, and being exhausted from all the excitement and activity, [we] soon fell asleep,” Disbrowe wrote. “It was sometime after midnight when all hell broke loose: the door crashed open; we were doused with icy water; and our beds were overturned — all in the space of a few seconds.”

Despite the unwelcome pranks, dreadful initiation rituals, and strict dining hall etiquettes, Disbrowe, McLaughlin, and their freshmen cohorts were having the time of their lives.

It was the first time many of them were living away from home, and they were studying what they wanted to study, playing the sports they wanted to play, joining the clubs they wanted to join, and dating who they wanted to date. Students were understandably eager and animated. Life seemed happy and normal.

The fall of 1918 was an exciting time for the world too. Women in Canada had just been granted the right to vote in federal elections, the Boston Red Sox beat the Chicago Cubs in the World Series after scoring a total of only nine runs, and the Allied forces were hastily defeating the German Army on the Western Front, finally making tangible the hope of an armistice after four long years of war.

All the while, in those first few weeks of September, an invisible enemy was mounting an attack in Canada and around the world. Guelph and the College on the Hill would not be spared. It would take Disbrowe, McLaughlin, and most Canadians by complete surprise.

On Oct. 2, 1918, the students and staff

at the OAC received news that one of their peers, Geoffrey Howard Scott, had died.

The 20-year-old Ottawa-native had left Guelph in June of 1918 to serve with the Canadian Engineers, but he wasn’t killed in battle. He was training in St. Johns, Quebec and was admitted to Montreal General Hospital on Sept. 28 after appearing “very ill and delirious.” Bacterial pneumonia had ensued as a result of the Spanish Flu. He died five days later.

Within a week of Scott’s death, the flu had reached Guelph. Another week later and half of the student body, which numbered about 300 in total, was ill. Those with serious symptoms were removed to one of Guelph’s hospitals, but the majority were cared for on campus. The whole of ‘Upper Hunt’ in Moreton Lodge (the building that predated Johnston Hall) as well as a few rooms in Macdonald Hall were converted into hospital rooms. Doctors and nurses from town came to assess the ill. As the situation progressed, OAC President George Christie Creelman cancelled lectures for a week, and healthy students were either sent home or quarantined in residence. Due to a desperate shortage, a few Mac girls were allowed to volunteer as nurses and cooks in the city’s hospitals. Campus chapel services were discontinued, and studentrun concerts, plays, dances, and athletic events were cancelled or postponed.

No students or faculty members died at the OAC, and within a few weeks, life seemed to be getting back to normal.

Students and faculty returned to campus, classes resumed, and campus and community events recommenced without precaution. “The Sophomore Dance to have been held Hallowe’en night took place at Macdonald Hall, Friday evening, November 15th, and was all the more enjoyed for the postponement,” the OAC Review reported.

“The Fates were for us in this delay. Not only was the flu a thing of the past, but the war’s end came with such a grateful relief that we could well afford to make merry.

And merry it was! Who cannot recall the good time spent and store away forever and ever the joy of it all.”

Unfortunately, the good times did not last long.

The flu returned with a vengeance, and

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it struck particularly hard during the week of Dec. 9, which happened to coincide with the Ontario Provincial Winter Fair held annually in Guelph since 1889. As with other years, the Winter Fair Building (today the Guelph Farmers’ Market) was bustling with activity as exhibitions and competitions took place. Given the nature of the event, many students and faculty of the OAC were in attendance.

A handful of people began showing symptoms at the beginning of the week.

On Dec. 11, as the situation worsened, President Creelman once again cancelled classes and sent students home early for

L I E U T E N A N T R OY V I N I N G | C o u r te s y o f Diana Bobo.

the holiday break. As a result, exams were postponed, much to the assent of students.

The boys of the OAC apparently followed the announcement of the early closure with “a loud applause.” The extra week of vacation was “hailed with joy” by the Mac girls too, but they at least recognized that their exams, which would have to be written in the New Year, cast a shadow over their “dreams of Christmas presents, dances, skating parties, afternoon teas, and friends and brothers home from the war.”

Within a week of the news, all ovations and exclamations of delight for an extended vacation were silenced.

One of those showing symptoms after the Winter Fair was Roy Lindley Vining, dairy specialist and lecturer in animal husbandry at the OAC. A native of Thorndale, Ontario, Vining had attended the OAC as a student from 1909 to 1914. Known for his oratory skills, he had won numerous contests and was heavily involved with the College’s Union Literary Society and the Students’ Council. For one year upon graduation, he worked as a district representative for the Department of Agriculture before enlisting in the Canadian Expeditionary Force.

Raising to the rank of Lieutenant, Vining was severely wounded at Passchendaele in November 1917. After being invalided home, he accepted an appointment to the faculty of the OAC in October 1918, a post he would hold for only two months. On Dec. 19, a week after he caught the flu at the Winter Fair, Vining died at the Guelph General Hospital. He was 31. It soon became all too apparent that the Spanish Flu was anything but ‘a thing of the past.’

A few days after Vining died, another young faculty member began feeling symptoms. Originally from Peterborough, Walter Herbert Scott was an affable physics

professor at the OAC. Scott, or “Scottie” as he was known around campus, had attended the College as part of the Class of 1916. According to his yearbook, he was said to have had an easy-going disposition and a “spirit of adventure.” Scott did well in school and was quite involved, having served on the Students’ Council and YMCA executive. But he was also “never so burdened with his studies” that he could not “find time to plan mischief and methods to escape subsequent punishment.”

Notwithstanding his juvenile side, Scott was a master at “the art of making friends and being one.” Indeed, it was his geniality that cost him his life. In December of 1918, when his students began to show symptoms of the flu, Scott volunteered his time to care for them. He caught the virus and died two weeks later on Jan. 8, 1919, leaving behind his wife of a year and a half, Lila, and his seven-month-old daughter, Margaret.

The Spanish Flu had so far only been fatal to faculty members at the OAC, but this changed on Feb. 14, 1919. The final victim of the first wave of the flu at the OAC was a student — 18-year-old Harold “Lindsay” McLaughlin, the beloved roommate of Harold Disbrowe.

By mid-February, it seemed that the flu had passed for good. There were no other deaths, and the health of any ill students and faculty soon improved. But the events of the last two weeks of 1918 and the first month and a half of 1919 had radically altered the aether of campus. The College had lost three of its own, all at the prime of their lives.

The invisible enemy had made itself visible.

“There isn’t quite the usual stir on the [College] Heights this year,” the OAC Review understatedly reported early in 1919, adding that “the pranks are rather uncommon.”

The campus wasn’t its normal bustling self.

It felt empty. The hearts of students and professors were heavy. And, perhaps most telling of all, sophomores stopped pranking the freshmen.

in Chicago, New York City, Havana, or Montreal.

On Tuesday, Jan. 27, four days after Fallowdown died, his friend and fellow OAC student and Sutherland County native George James Tocher, 18, also succumbed to pneumonia. Doctors soon realized that the pneumonia was only a contributory cause of death. Influenza was back. Almost a full year after Lindsay McLaughlin lost his life to the Spanish Flu, it had claimed another two victims, and it wasn’t planning on stopping there.

The OAC and Macdonald Institute began to prepare themselves. “The drawing room was quickly commandeered and in a few hours was completely transformed into a hospital,” the OAC Review reported about Macdonald Hall. “When more cases were discovered, the library was used as a ward, and in this way, the “fluites” were effectively isolated from the other girls.” Despite these implementations, Macdonald Institute and the OAC remained open in 1920. Unlike 1918, lectures continued, exams were written, and sports teams continued to compete. The Mercury confirmed on Jan. 27 that the OAC’s annual Conversat, a popular social event, would “carry on” as usual so as to “not disappoint the great student body and their friends.” Despite the deaths of Fallowdown and Tocher, the school believed there was “no occasion” for cancelling the event or closing the school.

Three days later, on Friday, Jan. 30, Macdonald Institute lost its first and only student to the pandemic. Kate Morton Sinclair, originally from Belleville, Ontario, was in her second year of studies.

She was described as “a talented young lady whose kindly disposition, friendly ways, and helpful manner endeared her to a host of friends.” The 20-year-old started

could be done about it.

John “Walter” Rutherford Dawson was the next victim to lose his life to the Spanish Flu. Originally from South Monaghan, Ontario, Dawson was a short course student at the OAC, having only started his studies in early January. Even from his few days in classes, Dawson’s professors and classmates could tell he possessed “the prospects of being a very promising young farmer.” Dawson, unfortunately, never got the chance to prove this sentiment correct.

He caught the flu and was admitted to Guelph General on Friday, Jan. 23, where his condition grew progressively worse.

On Monday, Dawson ‘celebrated’ his 20th birthday lying in a hospital bed. He developed acute pneumonia and died the following Saturday, Jan. 31.

The next two days, Sunday, Feb. 1 and Monday, Feb. 2, were the deadliest days of the epidemic at the OAC. Three students and one professor died in the span of 48 hours.

Sunday saw the deaths of two OAC students, both aged 19. They were Roy “Victor” Wood, originally from Brantford, Ontario, and Lorne Victor McGee, originally from near Kemptville, Ontario.

Both Wood and McGee were in their second year of studies, set to graduate in 1923, and were hailed by their classmates as being “very well known and popular.” Both boys started showing symptoms around the same time. McGee was admitted to Guelph General on Monday, Jan. 26, with Wood joining him the following day. Both developed pneumonia after the influenza had weakened their bodies. They died within hours of each other.

Two more deaths occurred on Monday.

Douglas Edward Pettypiece of Essex County, Ontario was an OAC short course

THE SECOND WAVE: JANUARY – FEBRUARY 1920 “At first it was rumored and then it became only too true: the “Flu” was with us again.”

— OAC Review, Jan 1920 On Saturday, Jan. 24, 1920, an article appeared in The Guelph Evening Mercury (hereafter The Mercury) with the headline: “Flu Not Bad at Montreal.” The report stated that although there were five cases of suspected influenza in Montreal, the city’s Board of Health felt there was “no ground for believing that the disease [would] become an epidemic in the city.”

This statement came despite warnings in the preceding days of large outbreaks of the flu in Chicago, New York City, and Havana, Cuba.

On the same page of The Mercury, another brief notice appeared: “Short Course Student Dies of Pneumonia.” Murray Fallowdown, a 17-year-old short course student at the OAC, who had only just begun his studies that same month, had fallen ill on Tuesday, Jan. 20 with pneumonia. Fallowdown, who was originally from Sutherland County, Ontario, died two days later at the Guelph General Hospital. No link was made between his death and the influenza crisis

K AT E M O R TO N S I N C L A I R ( s e c o n d f ro m t h e l e f t ) w i t h h e r s i b l i n g s ( 1 9 1 6 ) | C o u r te s y o f H e a t h e r S i n c l a i r.

showing symptoms of the flu on Monday, Jan. 26. Double pneumonia developed

by Wednesday, and she was admitted to Guelph General Hospital. Two days later, at five o’clock on Friday afternoon, Sinclair died, leaving behind grieving parents, siblings, and classmates. The Belleville Daily Intelligencer, Sinclair’s hometown newspaper, reported quite candidly that “medical skill proved unavailing.” Young people kept dying, and it seemed there was nothing that

student in the farm dairy class. He too had only started at the College in early Jan.. He fell ill, was admitted to Guelph General on Saturday, Jan. 31 and died two days later.

He was 17. The other victim was Walter Lawton Iveson, a professor of chemistry and geology at the OAC. Iveson, who was born and raised in Metcalf, Ontario, graduated from McMaster University in 1910. Upon graduation, he worked for the civil service in Ottawa before accepting a position at the

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OAC in 1914.

For Iveson, college was much more than lectures and textbooks. He was very musically and dramatically inclined, and as such organized and directed many plays, musicals, and concerts while at the OAC. When needed, he even filled roles on stage, including as ‘Professor’ in Pauline and ‘Mordecai’ in Esther. He was involved in various clubs at the OAC including the Philharmonic Society, the Alpha, and Union literary societies, and the Dramatic Club. Iveson’s mounting of Dickens’ The Cricket on the Hearth in the winter of 1917 became widely popular on campus and in the community, so much so that it was re-staged at least four times. Iveson was also the leader of OAC’s Chapel Choir, conductor of the Choral Club, and was a member of the beloved College Quartet.

If his musical and dramatic talents weren’t enough, Iveson was also a staunch supporter of OAC athletics. He managed men’s hockey teams, acted as a referee for many sports, reported on-campus athletics in the OAC Review, and served for a time as vice-president of the Athletic Executive.

Given the fact that life on campus and in the community had continued as usual despite the flu, it is probable that Iveson caught the virus at the College, or possibly at the Woolwich Street Baptist Church where he was a prominent member.

Pneumonia set in on Wednesday, Jan. 28, and the doctor was called to his home on Friday, Jan. 30. Three days later, Iveson died, leaving behind his wife Eileen of four years and dozens of devastated students and faculty.

By the evening of Feb. 2, eight people had died in less than a week. Still, President Creelman and the Students’ Council were holding fast to their decision to keep the OAC and Macdonald Institute open. “As the crisis is now past, it was not thought necessary to close down the college,” The Mercury reported President Creelman as saying, “but all precautions will be taken to prevent a further spreading of the disease.”

Tuesday, Feb. 3 was the first in four days that no one associated with the College had died. Unfortunately, the pause was only temporary. Wednesday would see the death of another respected member of the OAC community.

Oscar Wilbur Bennett was originally from the Peterborough area. An only child, Bennett was raised by his grandparents after his mother died of puerperal fever when he was only two months old. Bennett enrolled himself in the OAC in 1912 and earned a Bachelor of the Science of Agriculture (B.S.A.), graduating in 1916. Immediately following his final exams, at the age of 28, he enlisted in the 56th College Battery for overseas service. After being trained as a gunner, he was sent to France as part of the 14th Field Artillery “Howitzer” Brigade in August 1917.

On Aug. 26, 1918, almost exactly one year after he had reached the front, Bennett was badly wounded by an exploding shell. After having his right leg amputated below the knee at a field hospital behind the lines, he was sent to recover at a hospital in England.

In October, while in hospital, he wrote a letter to his college friend Walter Scott — the same Walter Scott, mentioned above, who, in 1919, would die from the Spanish Flu. “I am quite frisky these days on my one

WA LT E R I V E S O N (f ro n t m i d d l e), h o c ke y m a n a g e r fo r t h e Ye a r ’ 1 8 h o c ke y t e a m | A& S C , OAC 1 9 1 8 Ye a r b o o k , R E 1 OAC A 0 1 9 5 .

leg and a pair of crutches,” Bennett writes to Scott. “I was out to a picture show a few days ago, but it takes a deuce of a sight more nerve to cross these streets, with all the bustle and noise, than it does to pass through a barrage at the Front… I hope the chaps at present training in Canada will never have to come over here, enough of us have seen the horrors of the war.”

The war ended less than a month later, though Bennett, who was still recovering, wasn’t discharged until June 1919. Upon release from the hospital, he was fitted with a ‘peg and willow-bucket leg’ and sent home to fend for himself. Although a pension program was set up for soldiers following the war, veterans—even those with disabilities—were still mostly responsible for their own reintegration into society. On his discharge papers, Bennett stated that he intended to work as a farmer.

It seems he was determined, despite now being an amputee, to use the education he had acquired at the OAC to make a life for himself. Before he got settled in on a farm, however, he received a letter from his alma mater offering him a lecturing job in the poultry department. Bennett, then 32, gladly accepted.

Tragically, Bennett’s employment at the OAC was brief. After catching influenza, he was admitted to Guelph General on Wednesday, Jan. 28 when pneumonia had developed. Though he had survived the battlefields of France, his body was no match for the Spanish Flu. He died one week later on Feb. 4.

Bennett’s death ended the darkest two weeks in the history of the OAC and Macdonald Institute. Seven students and two faculty members had died after contracting the Spanish Flu in a matter of 13 days, bringing the total number of deaths to 15. The youngest was just 17; the oldest was only 32.

THE RELEVANCE OF HISTORY COVID-19 is unparalleled in our lifetime.

Historically though, our current situation is not unprecedented. The rapid spread of illness, the closing of schools, workplaces, and sporting venues, and even the practice of panic buying are nothing new. The Spanish Flu pandemic of 1918–1920, which

caused the death of at least 15 people associated with the OAC and Macdonald Institute, proves that.

As we seek to understand this present crisis, we must raise the question of the contemporary relevance of historical events.

Can our understanding of the influenza pandemic of 1918–1920 help us deal with COVID-19 in the present? The answer is both yes and no.

We must be wary of drawing direct lessons from history. As historian Peter Paret reminds us, every age has a unique combination of circumstances and conditions that can never again be replicated. Profound social or technological changes over time, for example, seem to “sever us from history” and may even reduce history’s relevance to “an absurd fiction,” Paret argues.

Nevertheless, history as “the educated memory of what has gone before” can be a very valuable tool. “The present always has a past dimension, which it is better to acknowledge than to ignore or deny,” Paret continues. “And even if we can see the present only in its own surface terms, we still have available to us what may be the greatest value history has to offer: its ability, by clarifying and making sense of the past, to help us think about the present and future.”

So how exactly can the Spanish Flu help us think perceptively about the current crisis? By looking back at history, we see that we must be proactive against epidemics.

Viruses may be ‘invisible,’ but they can be extremely fatal and must be taken seriously.

We can see how hospitals and medical professionals often get overwhelmed. That the young and healthy are not immune.

That measures must be implemented early.

That the responsibility to halt the spread is a shared one. That no one is invincible.

The influenza pandemic of 1918–1920 also reminds us that we ought to be thankful. We should be thankful for improved medical research, healthcare practices, and medicine. In January 1920, Guelph’s Medical Officer of Health offered just two tips for evading the flu: avoid sick people and dancing. “In dancing,” the medical officer wrote in an article for The Mercury, “one would be more apt to come in contact with infection than in any other

19

way. Therefore, anyone going to a dance at present might be accused of actually trying to get the disease.” The scientific community now has a much better understanding of how viruses act and spread than they did during the influenza pandemic, and this knowledge has led to the improvement of medicine, hygiene practices, and general preventative measures.

We should be thankful for a unified national healthcare system. As Mark Humphries argues in his book The Last Plague: Spanish Influenza and the Politics of Public Health in Canada, the aftermath of the Spanish Flu saw the creation of a federal health department that was (and still is) responsible for coordinating local and national pandemic responses.

We should be thankful for technological advancements that allow for up-to-date news, instant communications, and the ability to continue to learn and work at home — all things they didn’t have in the early twentieth century. Family and friends can now stay connected in live time.

Education can move online. Updates can be shared instantly and in a more consistent manner.

Finally, we should be thankful for the relatively quick and stable decision-making of our leaders, and for the fact that our health and safety is a priority for them despite the disruption their decisions might cause us. In 1918, President Creelman was praised for having the “wisdom and foresight” to close the College early in order to prevent the spread of the flu. And yet, in 1920, when the virus returned, he decided to keep the school open, mostly because he feared that the students and faculty would be irritated if the term was extended into the spring. The OAC and Macdonald Institute remained opened, and nine people died.

Studying and remembering the impact the Spanish Flu had on the University of Guelph can help us appreciate our current situation. The 15 students and faculty who died between 1918 to 1920 were not merely statistics — they were students, children, siblings, parents, roommates, veterans, and teachers. So, too, are the victims of COVID-19. If 1918–1920 teaches us anything, it’s that we all must be proactive.

We all have a part to play. And, through all the uncertainty and irregularity, we ought to stop, remember, and be thankful. n @laguff

Judith A. Brisson, O.D.  P. Lynne Leis, O.D. Reita Thomas-Parel, O.D.  Violet Zawada, O.D. Jianchang (Iris) Shen, Optometrist

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21

2020 Games Postponed Following up with Peter Disera B y A l ex L e f e bv r e

T

HE MONTH of March 2020 has felt more like a year, with daily developments in the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent rapid changes to our lives. For every Canadian Summer Olympic athlete, March provided another dose of shock and disappointment with the Canadian Olympic Committee (COC) deciding on March 22 that it will not send athletes to Tokyo in July. Canada was the first country to make this decision, citing “the health and safety of our athletes and the world community.”

By March 24, the International Olympic Committee made the official decision to postpone the games altogether due to the pandemic, stating the games would be held by the summer of 2021 at the latest. The last time the Olympics were disrupted was in 1944 during World War II. This was not an easy decision for any party involved as host cities invest billions of dollars in infrastructure and planning for the event. Additionally, the advertising revenue from sponsors and media rights to coverage can also be estimated to be worth billions.

Following this announcement, I

caught up with XC Mountain Biker, U of G Alumni and top Olympic prospect Peter Disera, who I previously interviewed (back when the notion of a postponed games seemed laughable).

Peter described the last few weeks as a roller-coaster of emotions. “I wish I had been asleep letes are dealing with this sudden or offline from Sunday through change, Peter says, many includTuesday [March 22 to 24]. It would ing himself, are reverting back to have been way easier on me.” early preparation.

However, he says that Canada’s “Everyone I know is transitiondecision to pull their athletes out ing back to just riding, having fun of the games became more obvi- and doing base [endurance] trainous as the global pandemic pro- ing.” gressed. As tough as it was to hear He said some athletes are still the news that his dream would be doing efforts and serious training put on hold, he’s proud of the COC’s decision and “I need to race, it’s the added that “Team Canada’s stance was respectreason why I pursue able, in my opinion.” competitive sports. For Postponing the games me, if there’s nothing to for a year may seem trivial to the average perwin, then why do it.” son, but every potential — P E T E R D I S E R A , AT H L E T E athlete must make major adjustments to their preparation and training with this to be ready for a moment’s notice extended time horizon. With the of redeployment of the race seagames being a four-year cycle, ath- son, but Peter is skeptical. letes work and sacrifice for these He doesn’t think any cyclist will four years to target the games. be racing again until August. “I’m When asked about how ath- having trouble finding motivation

P E T E R D I S E R A | P h o to b y N i c o l a We n n , p r o v i d e d b y P e te r D i s e r a

to go out and do hard efforts because what’s the point?” He indicated at this time, he’s focusing on improving other technical and subtle skills that are neglected during regular training.

He indicated the silver lining of this situation for him personally is that he has another year to put in extra training for the games.

“I had a big race year in 2019 and now there’s an opportunity to put in a big base year in 2020. I can work on a bigger build and peak harder.”

When asked if he was concerned that the lack of competition will hinder his training, his concern stemmed more from his inner motivation than a lack of fitness.

“I need to race, it’s the reason why I pursue competitive sports.

For me, if there’s nothing to win, then why do it.”

His method of filling this competitive gap will be racing on

Zwift, a virtual fitness app that allows cyclists and runners to train within a virtual online world. By June, Peter plans to have an indoor stationary trainer and road bike he can use to participate in virtual races, pitting him against athletes around the world. Apps like Zwift and Strava, have become increasingly popular as a result of social distancing and lockdowns, and Peter plans to use fitness apps to push him physically and competitively.

Although he is continuing to train out of Victoria, B.C. and is self-quarantining with fellow teammates, he had a strong statement for people choosing to ride bikes or enjoy outdoor physical activity during this time.

“The current situation doesn’t mean people can congregate on trails. People need to respect rules with outdoor exercise in regards to social distancing, or they will ruin it for everyone else.” n

Sex and COVID-19 “You are your safest sex partner” B y Ta s h a Fa l c o n e r

W

@laguff

ITH THE global spread of COVID-19, many countries are recommending or forcing social distancing. But what does this mean for our sex lives?

COVID-19 can be transmitted through saliva or mucus, which can be exchanged in close contact or through kissing. According to New York City Health, there is no evidence that COVID-19 is transmitted through semen or vaginal fluid, but there is evidence that the virus can be found in feces. This means that transmission is possible during rimming (mouth on anus).

Social distancing indicates

that engaging in sexual activity with someone you live with is okay, as there is no increased risk. However, social distancing means that you should be six feet apart from anyone outside your household. Given that it is difficult to engage in physical sexual activity from six feet apart, the recommendation would be not to have sex.

This does not however mean that no sexual interactions can happen while social distancing.

There are many ways to enjoy a sexual life without being in the same room as someone else.

NYC Health reminds us that “you are your safest sex partner.”

COVID-19 does not spread

through masturbation.

An increase in masturbation may be the reason sexy toy brand Womaniser noted that their sex toy sales have risen in recent weeks. Their sales have increased 50 per cent worldwide and by 135 per cent in Canada. This increase could also be because people are buying sex toys you can use with your partner from afar. Apps such as We-Connect (works with some we-vibe toys) allow users to control vibrators from anywhere in the world. Additionally, you can still enjoy sexting, phone sex, and video sex with a partner while social distancing. n

22

F U N PAG E S

A PR I L 9 T H , 2020

@TH E O NTA R I O N

@laguff

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Place the digits 1 - 9 once in each row, column, and 3x3 block.

ANSWERS FROM ISSUE 188.3

SUDOKU

University of Guelph

C R O S S WO R D S

TH E O NTA R I O N .CO M

EASY ACROSS 1– Campaign tactic 6– Lessen 11– Sch. group 14– Name 15– Impressionist Edgar 16– Branch

17– Treaties 18– Pub game 19– Mens ___ (criminal intent) 20– Inner surface of the hand 22– Paradises 24– Rote procedure 28– Entrails 30– Catalog

31– Come into contact with 32– Lake in the Sierra Nevada

43– Three squares 45– Ejects 46– Small village

54– Herbert Hoover, for one

1

57– Son of Abraham

14

15

16

17

18

19

62– Richards of Texas

33– Weed plant

47– In practice but not in law

37– Barely make, with “out”

50– Mill

64– Pluck

51– Singer Bonnie

65– Slender bar

52– Thrust

66– Wanting

53– Hot time in Paris

67– Art supporter

38– Sprite 39– Aunt (spanish) 40– Cutting

I S SU E 18 8.4

2

3

4

63– ___ a million

5

20 24

25

26

1– 0 degrees, 100kpa 2– Actress Farrow 3– List-ending abbr.

4– High-pitched 5– Breathe 6– Discombobulate 7– Ray of light 8– Cabinet dept.

MEDIUM ACROSS 1– Sibilate 5– Animal house 9– Lion sounds 14– Word that can precede war, biotic and climax 15– ___ boy!

9– Tasteless items, junk

38– Hey, over here!

50– Amusing

27– Also

41– Outer garment

52– Discharged a debt

28– Greek column type

42– Public sale

55– Single unit

11– Kitchen gadget

43– Apparatus

56– Minute

12– Tendency

29– Unclothed

44– CPR giver

58– Neptune’s realm

13– Gather

31– Hire cars

46– Possesses

21– Aardvark morsel

33– Same here

59– ___ longa, vita brevis

23– Writer Roald

34– Author Calvino

24– Gives a 9.8, say

35– Fuel transport

48– Jack Sprat could ___ fat

25– Honshu port

36– Beastly

49– Demon

16– “The ____ has landed.”

29– Maiden name indicator

17– Overly concerned with the appearance of piety

30– Wise guy

10– Spirit

19– Unrefined 20– Spuds 21– Locations 23– Deception 25– Hindu honorific 26– Second sequel tag

33– Topic 34– Pulsating 35– Babyolonian city 38– Repair shop fig.

28

40

9– Exchange need

26– Concerning

2– Get some air

10– Crew needs

3– Carved image

11– Ottoman title

4– Fathers

12– Literary monogram

27– Langston Hughes poem

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47– Distort

62– Cloisterlike

1

49– Altar answer

64– Lake near Carson City

14

65– Knot in wood

17

54– Wrench 56– Start of a Shakespeare title

66– Sun. speeches 67– Vertical face of a stair 68– Dextrous, lively 69– Bone: Prefix

37– Civil rights leader Parks 39– Salts 42– Marine crustacean

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28– Library ID

43– Sole

57– It parallels a radius

31– Adjust to zero

45– Hernia

59– Orch. section

13– French possessive

32– Cries of discovery

46– Approaches

18– Dander

33– After-bath powder

48– Thickset

60– Sickness from treatment

64

65

66

22– ___ Little Tenderness

35– Just the ___

49– Hardens

61– “I get it” responses

67

68

69

36– ___ arms (angry)

50– Leave

63– Swiss river

HARD

18–Politically significant hairstyles

29– Sea god

61– Festoon

ACROSS

19– Skulk

43– Cream-filled cookies 44– Heretofore

5– Supple 6– One ___ time 7– Egyptian goddess of fertility

1– Actress Thompson

33– Hospital rooms 35– Higher 37– QB’s mistake

5– Salivate

20– Conductor ___-Pekka Salonen

10– School orgs.

21– Innocent

14– ___ian Peninsula

23– Free from danger

39– Prefix meaning “false”

15– Tidal bore

25– Vintner’s prefix

40– Meat-grading org.

26– Ancient Mycenaean ceramic piece

41– ___ Boot

DOWN

9– Diminished

28– Chucked weapon

1– Less loony

10– Wanness

2– Cropped up

11– Loyal

30– 34th president of the U.S

3– Major attar source

12– Broadcasts

4– Tad’s dad

13– Fifth Avenue store

5– Destroy hearing

21– Shared between us

6– Rabble

22– Steven Chu’s cabinet dept.

16– Diva’s delivery 17– Iditarod destination

7– Fiend 8– Home of the Black Bears

24– Sign away 27– Drum out

38– Balm ingredient

42– Flower segment

46– Land, as a fish 48– Hammett hound 50– Bacon serving 53– Battered by the elements 58– Gold (spanish)

62– Tel ___ 64– Zaire’s Mobutu ___ Seko 65– Ancient Persian 66– Mrs. Gorbachev

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40– urn:, http:, ftp:

53– Forcible impact

31– Loosen, as a knot

42– Fancy-schmancy

54– Roof edge

32– RR stops

43– Mountain in

55– Wanting water

33– Walk in water

french alps

56– Dry watercourse

34– Controversial orchard spray

45– Metals in nature

57– Redding of R&B

47– List of corrections

61– Atl. crosser

29 36

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48 53

28

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52– Man of many words

22

26 33

60– Gaucho’s rope

51– Take out

2

67– Waste allowance

59– Estonian brush

49– Field of play

1

60

57

63– Break up

39– Artisan who works with metal

36– Whine and whimper

56 59

36

46

51

35

1– Partial antigen

41

66

53– Sandwich order

35

39

65

59– Commandment verb

24– Reputation

38

61– Animation frame

58– Company of actors

8– Bigot

34

64

52– Bambi’s aunt

13

23

33

63

60– Hail, to Caesar

12

31

62

47– Gloomy, in poetry

11

29

54

41– Ancient Greek god

DOWN

10

22

30

47

9

53

40– Long time 44– Pulls down

8

21

32

26– Doorkeeper

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27

37

DOWN

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