Orchard & Vine Pre Spring 2019

50 Years at Nk'mip Vineyards Apple Soft Scald New Weapons Against SWD 2019 Tractor Guide

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Display Until March 30, 2019 Publication Mail Agreement No. 40838008 www.orchardandvine.net

HORTICULTURE GROUP

28

TO BE SELECTED,

THEY NEED TO BE PROTECTED. Use Exirel® insecticide early in the season to give your pome fruit, stone fruit and blueberries the head-start they need during the most critical stages of development.

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Photo by Amy Mitchell | Dreamstime.com

West Kelowna vineyards in winter.

CONTENTS 6 Publisher's View – Lisa Olson

T:11”

B:11.25”

Photo by Bob Corson | Dreamstime.com

10 News & Events 21 The 50th Anniversary of Nk’Mip 24 Be on the Lookout for New Pests in BC

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26 New Weapons Against SWD 27 Thrips and Lygus on Strawberries 29 Learning from Experience at Fortify

Iconic statue at the Nk'mip Desert Cultural Center in Osoyoos.

33 Orchard & Vine Tractor Survey 35 2019 Tractor Specs 39 Peter Toivonen on Soft Scald 41 Word on Wine – Laura Kittmer 43 Marketing Mix – Leeann Froese

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Photo by Leo Gebert

S:10”

8 Event Calendar

45 Seeds of Growth – Glen Lucas Cover Photo Crimson red blueberry field in the Fraser Valley.

Photo by Modfos - Dreamstime.com

Tractors at St Hubertus in Kelowna.

Pre Spring 2019

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 PUBLISHER’S VIEW | LISA OLSON

Spring is around the Corner

I

Vol. 60, No 1 Pre Spring 2019

s spring here already or are we just preparing for it in our heads? While it’s good to have some quiet hibernation time or get away to a warm climate for a holiday, spring feels like it is right around the corner, at press time anyway. Are you ready for the upcoming season?

Established in 1959 Publisher Lisa Olson Editor

In this edition, Ronda Payne brings you some research and useful information on bugs to help you with your crops.

Tom Walker talked with scientist Peter Toivonen from the Summerland Research Station about irrigation, water management and the effect this has on apple storage. You will want to read these articles.

Gary Symons Graphic Design Stephanie Symons Contributors

I’m pleased to introduce our new marketing columnist Leeann Froese, coowner of Town Hall Brands, a full service marketing agency based in Vancouver, BC. She will bring her marketing advice to you this year in a series of columns.

While growing, producing and serving your customers is at the top, we can all use a little more help and knowledge with marketing.

As part of Orchard & Magazine’s 60th year in publishing that started in 1959 as the British Columbia Orchardist, we will bring you stories on pioneers in this industry who are still operating today.

Photo by Kim Kanduth

Sometimes you might wonder what to do next in your business. During a panel interview at the Fortify Conference, a group of savvy business owners shared their experience and insights about what they would have done differently, reported and written by Roslyne Buchanan.

First up is Nk'Mip Vineyards who, after 50 years, have many stories to tell and recently celebrated 50 years with a big party that wine writer Michael Botner attended.

What are you planning for 2019? Have you got your year mapped out? Are you launching something new or innovative?

We’d love to hear from you and publish your idea in the Innovation Issue. While you are organizing the year, make sure to include some fun days as well.

Write to me at lisa@orchardandvine.net Enjoy the magazine!

Michael Botner, Roslyne Buchanan, Leean Froese, Kim Kanduth, Laura Kittmer, Glen Lucas, Ronda Payne, Tom Walker Contact lisa@orchardandvine.net Orchard & Vine Magazine Ltd. 24-2475 Dobbin Road Suite #578 West Kelowna, BC V4T 2E9 www.orchardandvine.net Phone: 778-754-7078 Fax: 1-866-433-3349 Orchard & Vine Magazine is published six times a year and distributed by addressed mail to growers, suppliers and wineries in the Okanagan, Kootenays, Fraser Valley, Lower Mainland, Vancouver Island, Washington State and across Canada. Orchard & Vine is also available online.

Publications Mail Agreement No. 40838008 Undeliverable copies should be sent to:

Providing Canadian Grapevine Solutions BRITISH COLUMBIA Nathan Phillips p. 250-809-6040 bcsales@vinetech.ca 6

Pre Spring 2019

QUEBEC Alexandre Jacquel p. 905.984.4324 qcsales@vinetech.ca

NOVA SCOTIA Ian Kaye p. 902.740.2493 nssales@vinetech.ca

ONTARIO Wes Wiens/Tina Wall p. 905.984.4324 sales@vinetech.ca

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 PRE SPRING | CALENDAR #intelligentwatersolutions

BC Fruit Growers’ Association AGM February 12-13 Penticton Lakeside Resort Penticton, BC info@bcfga.com Oregon Wine Symposium February 12-13 Portland, Oregon www.oregonwinesymposium.com

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BC Horticulture Symposium February 20 Trinity Baptist Church Kelowna, BC kwise@bctree.com

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BC Cherry Association AGM February 21 Ramada Inn, Kelowna, BC admin@bccherry.com Ontario Fruit & Vegetable Convention February 20-21 Niagara Falls, ON www.ofvc.ca

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Certified Organic Association of BC Conference & Tradeshow February 22-24 Vernon, BC www.certifiedorganic.bc.ca Vancouver International Wine Fest February 23- March 3 Vancouver, BC www.vanwinefest.ca

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WINEMAKING

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International Fruit Tree Association Annual Conference February 24-28 Rochester, New York www.ifruittree.org BC Association of Farmers’ Markets Conference & AGM March 8-10 Kimberley, BC www.bcfarmersmarket.org

WE HAVE A HEALTHY ATTACHMENT TO GROWERS.

THE TURBO-MIST SPRAYER SERIES FROM SLIMLINE MANUFACTURING. Our Turbo-Mist Sprayers are engineered to reduce cost, reduce footprint, and increase yield.

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 PRE SPRING | NEWS & EVENTS

Singletree Winery Captures Tourism Excellence Award Singletree Winery's hard work growing wine tourism has been rewarded as the Abbotsford Chamber of Commerce and The Abbotsford News named Singletree as winner of the Tourism Excellence Award.

Singletree Winery is owned by the Etsell family, who have been farming in the Fraser Valley for over two decades. Under their Singletree banner, and with careful attention to the land, the Etsell Family is committed to showing the world what the Fraser Valley is capable of.

Photo contributed

"Family and staff work diligently to make each guest's experience and time at Singletree Winery enjoyable and memorable,” said winery owner Debbie Etsell. “To be recognized as a leader in this field is truly monumental."

The Etsell family's Singletree Winery cited for Excellence in Tourism.

The Abbotsford vineyard and tasting room is located on a 67acre operating farm in Mt. Lehman, only 45-minutes from Vancouver, producing VQA cool climate wines.

Blue Grouse Kicks Off the New Year as Best Island Winery Readers of the Times Colonist newspaper have named Blue Grouse as the best winery on Vancouver Island, adding to the accolades for the Cowichan Valley business.

In late December, Blue Grouse captured a double platinum award for its 2016 Quill Pinot Noir at the 19th Annual Wine Press Northwest Platinum Competition, then ended 2018 with the coveted spot for Best Island Winery from Times Colonist readers.

"We are honoured to be given such recognition by our Vancouver Island customers," remarked winery owner Paul Brunner.

"My thanks to our winery team who have worked so hard for this accolade. It's a hell of a great way to start the new year!"

Photo contributed

Blue Grouse is a family-owned, sustainably-farmed winery whose surrounding vineyards are a sought-after destination not only for sampling the winery's portfolio of top-quality wines, but also for events and picnics.

The 2018 MS Bike Run stops at Blue Grouse as part of the annual event.

Wineries, Distilleries and Cideries Ingredients, Supplies and Equipment Visit our fully stocked 10,000 sq.ft.warehouse or shop online

6908 Palm Ave Burnaby BC - Phone 604-473-9463 - Toll Free 1-866-554-7273 - Web ecom.bosagrape.com 10 Pre Spring 2019

 PRE SPRING | NEWS & EVENTS

Quails' Gate's Sugar Plum Fair Raises $11,500 For Local Charities

The two-day event at the winery saw more than 1,500 guests enjoying the offerings in the Wine Shop and Old Vines Restaurant, attending the holiday market with more than 25 local vendors, and taking in performances by Dance City Academy, and, of course, a visit with the

one-and-only Santa Tom Kliner.

Thanks to the generosity of our guests, more than $5,500 was raised for our chosen charities this year. With additional funds contributed from Quails’ Gate, each charity will receive $5,791.

“Created as an event to celebrate our community, we are thrilled to see how the Sugar Plum Fair has grown over the years,” says Quails’ Gate CEO Tony Stewart.

Photo contributed

Quails’ Gate Winery is pleased to announce its annual Sugar Plum Fair resulted in a donation of more than $11,500 to be shared between the Central Okanagan Food Bank and Inn From The Cold.

Young dancers perform at the Sugar Plum Fair.

Topping off reliable crop protection with continuous innovation.

With years of cherry innovation in our back pocket, we are committed to our customers’ continued success—and our reliable solutions don’t fall far from the tree. From dependable, long-used brands to exciting, new brands, we’re proud to offer effective solutions to help you overcome your pest challenges. To find out more, visit agsolutions.ca/horticulture or follow us on twitter @BASFAgSolutions.

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AgSolutions, APOGEE, PRISTINE, SERCADIS, and XEMIUM are registered trade-marks, and INSCALIS, and VERSYS are trade-marks of BASF; all used with permission by BASF Canada Inc. PRISTINE and/or SERCADIS fungicides should be used in a preventative disease control program. © 2019 BASF Canada Inc.

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2018-12-20 7:48 AM

 PRE SPRING | NEWS & EVENTS

Black Hills Hires New Head Wine Maker Black Hills Estate Winery is going into 2019 with newly hired head winemaker Ross Wise at the helm.

Originally from New Zealand, Wise holds a Bachelor of Viticulture and an Advanced Diploma in Wine Science from Charles Sturt University in Australia. He has worked with renowned producers in New Zealand and Ontario before the cool climate wine industry in British Columbia drew his attention.

“We are thrilled to have Ross join us at Black Hills,” said Glenn Fawcett, chief wine evangelist. “We conducted a wide-ranging international search for our new winemaker that resulted in several outstanding candidates, and Ross stood out for us. His passion for the craft and our Black Sage Road terroir, combined with his extensive experience, academic credentials, and endearing personality, made his selection a natural for us.”

Wise is keen to assume the new role. “I’m really looking forward to joining the Black Hills team in January,” he notes. “This is a great opportunity to be part of the next chapter of one of

Photo contributed

After 16 years of winemaking, viticulture and consulting experience, Wise and his family settled in Oliver, British Columbia.

Prior to Black Hills, Wise was the head winemaker and general manager at Phantom Creek Estate. Wise holds a WSET Level 4 Diploma in Wines and Spirits and is pursuing his Master of Wine.

Ross Wise is the new head winemaker at Black Hills Estate Winery.

the Okanagan’s most recognized and respected wineries. The ability to focus on making premium red wines such as Nota Bene, he continues, “is a big draw for me.”

Kiliad focuses on supplying the agricultural industry with turn-key living accommodations. We have designed buildings specifically for temporary farm workers that are economical and meet SAWP requirements. Additionally, we have a large inventory of used portable buildings. Whether you need accommodations for 2 people or 200, we can provide cost effective solutions.

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 PRE SPRING | NEWS & EVENTS

BC Tree Fruits Cider Co. Wins Double Gold At Cidercraft Awards Cidercraft Magazine announced the winners of the second annual Cidercraft Awards today and BC Tree Fruits Cider Co. emerged as big winner, taking the Double Gold in the Hopped Cider category for Broken Ladder Apple & Hops. Cidercraft Magazine is the only publication dedicated to cider in Canada and the United States, and the BC cider makers were thrilled to be a two-time award recipient in what is fast becoming a prestigious set of awards.

“We are elated to once again be a recipient of a Cidercraft Award, and even more delighted to earn Double Gold in the Hopped category,” says Cidermaker Nadine Harrison. “Craft cider continues to be

one of the fastest growing categories in the beverage sector." Harrison says BC Tree Fruit Cider Co. is an authentic homegrown producer featuring handpicked fruits crushed in the mill, with the juice then fermented and packaged all on site at the cidery with no added water or processed sugar.

A group of over 30 judges located across North America go through over 450 products submitted from around the world over two full days of judging to pick the winners.

In total, there are 14 categories with a Double Gold, Gold, Silver and Bronze awarded for each category.

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Learn more at agsolutions.ca/horticulture or follow us on twitter @BASFAgSolutions.

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 PRE SPRING | NEWS & EVENTS

Corcelettes Expanding With Vineyard Purchase in Similkameen

“This was a rare opportunity to purchase such a charismatic site” said Charlie Baessler, winemaker and managing partner of Corcelettes Estate Winery, “and there are many reasons to be excited about this property.”

Having never been farmed, the land is in its natural state and is literally in the shape of an alluvial fan, boasting sought after stemwinder soils. Along with top quality soils and south facing aspects, the elevation and topography of the site allows Corcelettes to expand its 100 per cent Similkameen Valley production of red wine varietals. “With demand in-

Photo contributed

Corcelettes Estate Winery has acquired a 132.5 acre parcel of land on the Keremeos Upper Bench in the Similkameen Valley. The current Estate is nestled against the black rocks east of the Village of Keremeos. The new property wraps around the Estate from the north, and adds higher elevation, south facing, desert plateau vineyards.

creasing for quality Similkameen wine, securing more of this premium land is part of the short and long-term growth and sustainability strategy for the winery,” explained Baessler. “Very few sites remain of this calibre”.

Expansion began last year with the purchase of a six-acre orchard on the west side of the Estate. That land, now a new vineyard, will be planted to Malbec and Syrah in spring 2019. Approximately 30 acres of the newly acquired bench land

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will be developed in phases over the next five years. Phase 1 work has begun with vineyard shaping and preparation of approximately nine acres for planting in the following year. Syrah and Bordeaux varietals will occupy this defined alluvial fan.

Phase 2 will be especially interesting for the Corcelettes team with 1.5 acres planted in higher altitude bush vines, more common in other areas in the world, using low density, low disturbance organic techniques.

 PRE SPRING | NEWS & EVENTS

Marjorie King Joins The BC Wine Cider & Spirits Festival Team The team at The BC Wine Cider & Spirits Festival have named Marjorie Kingas their newest team member in the position of Judging Manager.

For the past 22 years Marjorie King has been renowned for her skills and demonstrated ability to plan and execute judging competition. King is well connected and respected within the wine industry, and was awarded the Founders Awards by the Okanagan Wine Festivals Society and Harry McWatters in 2000. She has formed long standing relationships with judges, sommeliers, industry influencers and without her expertise and relationships the British Columbian judging competitions would not be what they are today.

With the growing craft liquor industry in British Columbia, the team behind the BC Wine Cider & Spirits Festival knew that it was the perfect time to focus their 60plus combined years of event experience to help drive destination and local traffic alike to large scale consumer tastings, focusing on their members, and educating their guests to support local and Buy BC.

those eligible companies on a complimentary basis, with only a few of those complimentary spots left. Bramal says she is is certain that with the announcement of this well-respected industry leader as a team member, the few remaining spots will be spoken for quickly.

The BC Wine Cider & Spirits Festival is member-based, and is open to all British Columbia Wineries, Cideries, Breweries, and Distilleries. The BC Wine Fest team opened their first 100 memberships toT:4.9”

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"We are so thrilled to not only announce that Marjorie will continue working with our team, but actually be granted the privilege to do so,” says Katherine Bramall, Founder & General Manager, BC Wine Cider & Spirits Festival. “Marjorie has developed and executed the province’s most credible judging competitions including the Best of Varietal, BC Wine Awards, and the British Columbia Lieutenant Governors Wine Awards. We are honoured to be able to say that she will be exclusively working with our team moving forward.”

be part of it, and I look forward to being involved with the broader industry of alcohol beverages”.

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Having Marjorie King join the team, they are now able drive traffic and recognition to the industry in a new way, through a new and equally as credible judging competitions.

“I’m pleased to continue working with Katherine and our team; they have some innovative and creative events planned that I think will support the entire Wine, Cider, Beer, and Spirits industry and highlight what this young and exciting industry has to offer,” said King. “It’s great to

Always read and follow label directions. Admire®, Aliette®, Alion®, BayerValue™, Betamix® ß, Buctril®, Calypso®, Concept®, Converge®, Decis®, Emesto®, Envidor®, Ethrel®, EverGol®, Flint®, Folicur®, Hot Potatoes®, Infinity®, Luna Sensation™, Luna Tranquility®,Movento®,Nortron® SC,Oberon®,Option®,Pardner®,Priwen®,Proline®,Propulse®,Prosaro®,Puma®,Reason®,Scala®, Sencor®, Serenade®, Sivanto™, Stratego®, Trilex®, Velum®, and Vios® are trademarks of the Bayer Group or its licensors. DEKALB®, Genuity®, RIB Complete®, Roundup Ready 2 Technology™, Roundup Ready 2 Xtend®, Roundup Ready 2 Yield®, Roundup Ready®, Roundup®, SmartStax®, VT Double PRO® and VT Triple PRO® are trademarks of the Bayer Group, Monsanto Canada ULC licensee. All rights reserved. Titan is a trademark of BASF. © 2019 Bayer Group. All other products mentioned are trademarks of their respective companies. ALWAYS FOLLOW GRAIN MARKETING AND ALL OTHER STEWARDSHIP PRACTICES AND PESTICIDE LABEL DIRECTIONS. Details of these requirements can be found at https://www.genuitytraits.ca/en/product-legal/.

Bayer CropScience Inc. is a member of CropLife Canada.

Pre Spring 2019

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 PRE SPRING | NEWS & EVENTS

Handlers Introduces Fixed, Rotating Telehandlers from Dieci Handlers Equipment became the new exclusive importer and distributor of Dieci Telehandlers for BC in November, giving farmers new choices for picking high crops or moving pallets to overhead locations.

Sometimes known as ‘Cherry Pickers’, telehandlers feature a telescoping boom similar to a crane. The versatile machines can handle a wide variety of attachments, such as buckets for safely moving people to high locations, to forklifts, to spraying attachments, and so on.

Dieci telehandlers feature a four-in-one joystick, standard on all equipment, that provides travel direction control and more. The units also have an inching pedal that provides control when forward speed needs to be reduced or stopped and maximum hydraulic power is required for equipment use.

“Dieci is pleased to add another highly experienced and successful dealership to our Canadian network,” said Pierre Boisvert, director of sales, Dieci Canada. “Handlers Equipment has proven to be customer focused and adaptive to the ever-changing demands of the marketplace.”

16 Pre Spring 2019

Photo contributed

With over 27 years in business, the family-owned, Abbotsford business Handlers Equipment serves customers throughout the Vancouver metropolitan area and in a large area of southern and western British Columbia.

Dieci Telehandlers are versatile machines that can handle a variety of attachments.

“There has been strong demand in our area for a broader range of large equipment with better support and service.

Handlers is pleased to offer that with Dieci,” said Ivor Venema, managing director, Handlers Equipment. “Dieci is able to offer a varied range with best-in-class performance in terms of productivity and reliability, we needed to bring this to the Fraser Valley.”

Founded in 1991, Handlers Equipment has been a part of the Abbotsford, BC, community for 27 years, achieving its early success by selling used tractors and other agricultural and industrial equipment. Now representing a variety of leading ag and construction equipment brands, Handlers employs a team of highly trained professionals to meet its customers’ needs for new and used machines, parts and service.

Handlers Equipment joins a dealer network serving Dieci customers at 22 authorized locations in Canada.

Dieci has been manufacturing best-inclass equipment since 1962 and has been producing telescopic handlers for more than 31 years.

 PRE SPRING | NEWS & EVENTS

Adapt8 Launches Custom Tree Guardians Produced In-House

Tree Guardians are black and white corrugated plastic tree guards that provide trees years of protection against predators, herbicides, tractor damage, southwest sun-scald and frost.

The corrugated Tree Guardians easily wrap

around the base of a tree with reflective white on the outside and black on the inside that reduces sucker growth. The cushioned product also offers protection to nursery stock during transport.

“Nurserymen, orchardists and nut growers have relied on Adapt8’s Tree Guardians to protect their investments since we first developed them over 25 years ago,” said Michelle Moore, CEO of Adapt8. “We are happy to provide value to our customers by offering custom sizes and cost savings through our internal production.”

Photo contributed

Adapt8, the original developers of black and white tree trunk protectors, has moved production of their ‘Tree Guardians’ in-house.

Manufacturing the product internally allows the Salem, Oregon company to offer both standard and custom sizes, provides significant freight savings, and ensures product availability nation-wide and year-round.

!

ED

ST

JU

LAKE COUNTRY SW Established fruit stand & almost 10 acres of irrigated orchard land strategically situated between Shanks Road & Highway 97 in Lake Country.

Mixed mature & older orchard with cherries, peaches, nectarines, apples etc. Fourplex and farm house.

MLS® $1,995,000

T LIS

N GLENMORE Hobby farm in desirable N Glenmore area, close to UBC-O, groceries, professionals, restaurants... all within 5 min yet pastoral and surrounded by other agri titles. Country style rancher has 4 beds /2.5 bathrooms. Natural gas nearby. Fully irrigated by GEID. Dbl covered carport. MLS® $999,000

PEACHLAND Phenomenal lake views & income from this Peachland acreage! 10 acre parcel, approx 7.5 acres planted to Stacatto cherries. Great elevation for late cherries. 4 bdr main house/2nd home and studio, detached oversize garage/workshop.

MLS® $1,599,000

!

LD

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SE KELOWNA Breathtaking Okanagan Lake views from this 14.6 acre estate on Stewart and Saucier Roads in South Kelowna.

The home shows like new and features 10’ ceilings, spacious rooms and a unique design set around a courtyard overlooking the vineyard and view. MLS® $3,150,000

!

LD

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SE KELOWNA 15.6 acres of prime farmland in SE Kelowna. Well suited to orchard and some grape varietals, currently set up for horses. Large 5 bedroom home w/updated suite perfect for extended family or farm help. 2 acres planted to apples, balance in hay.

Fully arable, virtually no waste.

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www.GeenByrne.com Pre Spring 2019

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 PRE SPRING | NEWS & EVENTS

Big Staff Changes at BC Tree Fruits

By Tom Walker The BC Tree Fruits Cooperative has gone through a major shakeup, with layoffs of staff and key changes in upper management over the last several months.

The Co-Op’s Chief Financial Officer has left to work for the city of West Kelowna, the Chief Executive Officer is no longer in management, some grower support staff have been dismissed, and a member of the marketing department has not been replaced.

Alan Tyabji was hired in 2012 and spent four years at the helm. Swales came on board in 2016.

In addition to changes in top management, five members of the Co-Op’s grower support staff have been laid off.

BCTF media spokesperson Chris Pollock confirmed the dismissals were “without cause” and that severance packages will be given.

Senior Field Services Manager Hank Markgraff and long-time Okanagan field serviceman Tony Di Maria have both been let go. Over in the Creston valley, field serviceman Duane Holder has also been terminated. Plant Pathologist Danielle Hirkala and lab technician Lisa Hilbrecht have been dismissed as well.

Jeet Dukhia, BC Tree Fruits Cooperative (BCTF) board president, confirms that CFO Warren Everton has left. “He was with us for six years and he was looking for other opportunities,” Dukhia says.

The replacement process is underway.

Two applicants have been called back for second interviews, staff confirmed at press time.

Doug Needham, the former Export Cherry Coordinator who resigned this summer, will not be replaced.

BCTF’s most recent CEO, Stan Swales, did not have the management portion of his contract renewed in November, but he remains an employee of the Co-Op. “He is assisting the operations manager and focusing on long term plans,” Dukhia says.

“One of the hardest things to do in any organization is to let senior staff go,” said board member Amarjit Lalli.

“Knowledge, experience, you name it they’ve got it, and there are also the relationships that have been built up over the years.”

Human Resources manager at BCTF, Bob Fisher Fleming, has been appointed interim CEO while the Co-Op advertises for a replacement. A new hire will be the company’s third leader in the last seven years.

Lalli called it “a change in direction,” that included costs savings as part of the equation. “At the end of the day we have to give our growers a better return,” says Lalli. “The only way to make sure of that

is by making sure you are running effectively and efficiently and you don’t have redundant programs that are costing the growers money.

“There hasn’t been a push to update the entire system and I think that is what’s happening here,” Lalli adds. “We have too many properties and out-dated equipment. The main goal of this exercise is going to be one packing facility in the south in Oliver and one facility up north, which will be a state-of-the-art facility.”

A recent report to the industry that outlined priorities for the new $5 million BC Tree Fruits Competitiveness Fund says, “Dissatisfaction with returns from BCTF has led to a new wave of fractionation in the packing sector.”

The report adds that “some large growers believe that the cooperative system protects the weaker growers and penalizes the stronger ones. Growers have set up their own packing operations, but these new businesses will continue to lack economies of scale that can be achieved by competing producing districts.”

“In planning for the future, we have to right size the operation,” says Lalli.

“What might end up happening is the weaker growers at the bottom might have to pull up their socks and become better growers, or they might be left out Continued on page 19

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“Retail is demanding better quality fruit,” says Lalli. “With a new CEO there will be new direction and I think that is what the growers are looking for”.

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“This concern has been around since before I became a grower and started shipping to the Co-Op,” says Lalli. “That is just not the case. Our plant manager Peter Hoffman is well aware of all the concerns and issues and the board has worked diligently to make sure stuff like that does not go on.”

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 PRE SPRING | NEWS & EVENTS

New Knowledge and Technology Transfer Specialist at AAFC

By Tom Walker The new Knowledge and Technology Transfer specialist at AAFC Summerland Research Center has not one, but two family experiences to bring to the new position.

And MacDonald has the benefit of his dad’s 34 years of experience as a tree fruit breeding technician at the Summerland Research Center. There must have been some interesting dining table discussions. “I’ve had a lot of exposure to the industry,” MacDonald says. “My mom served on the executive of the BCFGA for years and my dad worked with Dr. David Lane, Dr. Cheryl Hampson and Dr. Frank Kappel in the cherry and apple breeding programs at Summerland Research.”

MacDonald holds a Bachelor Of Science from UBC and a Master of Pest Management from Simon Fraser University. He’s spent the last 10 years working in the Minor Use Pesticides Program in both Agassiz and Summerland. “I've become acquainted with almost any crop you can grow in BC and dealt with almost every pest out there," he says.

The Knowledge and Technology Transfer Specialist position is new at Summerland,

Photo by Tom Walker

Jessie MacDonald grew up on the awardwinning Summerland orchard operated by his parents Denise and Richard MacDonald. “I think my biggest strength in this position is that I am already a part of the fruit industry.” says MacDonald. “Our family farm produces mainly apples, but I have expanded into a bit of soft fruit as well. “

Jesse MacDonald gets pruning tips form his dad Rich at the family orchard in Summerland.

but has been established at other centers for a number of years. AAFC has identified access and transfer of research and technology as a priority. “There is an incredible amount of research going on at Summerland,” says MacDonald. "My job is to find a way of making that research usable and relatable to industry, whether that is growers, processors, or consumers.”

“That transfer could come in many forms, from factsheets to demonstration fields and working directly with growers,” explains MacDonald. “Naturally, that also means it will also have a healthy dose of outreach, communication, and promoting collaborations.” He says that will include continuing partnerships with BC Tree Fruits field staff, and UBC and Okanagan College.

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“I am in the planning stages of a number of applied field trials that I will be able to jump right in to this spring, based on completed research, and a number of researchers have pulled me on board with their projects already.”

MacDonald recently hosted the Okanagan chapter of the BC Agrologists Association. “They hadn’t been here before,” he says. “Most of my work this winter will be aligning myself and the position with the research programs at the centre. I will have to be familiar with their current and planned work going forward, if I am to be useful to both them and industry.”

“That is the key for me,” MacDonald adds. “I really want this position to be useful.”

Photo contributed

The 50th Anniversary of Nk’Mip Vineyards Nk'Mip vineyards stretch out in the warm summer sun in the town of Osoyoos, located at the south end of BC's Okanagan Valley.

By Michael Botner Maybe it takes an awesome celebration to help us realize what a unique and special slice of the world we live in. To commemorate the 50th anniversary of Nk’Mip Vineyards (NKV), a large contingent of Osoyoos Indian Band (OIB) members and wine industry partners gathered on a perfect fall day in a large event tent inside vineyard property on Vineyard Drive in Oliver.

To set the stage, band member Kik Hall provided traditional drum music, and then OIB Chief Clarence Louie stepped up to explain the significance of Nk’Mip Vineyards (NKV).

“When it was created in 1968, with some funding provided by the federal govern

ment, it was our first business, 100 per cent band owned, and would become one of our largest employers,” he says.

“It gives our youth summer jobs in our own community and we also hired workers from all of the Okanagan bands. It was also my first summer job when I was growing up in the 1970s. In July and August, I started at 5 AM and clocked off at 1 PM. Part of the job was clearing rocks from the vineyard and it made me into a good rock picker.”

Louie expresses a deep sense of pride over his band’s contribution to the wine industry despite many obstacles. He also points to the achievements of band members such as Justin Hall, assistant winemaker at Nk’Mip Cellars, and the many enriching friendships and collaborations

fostered within the wine industry, many of whom would be speaking.

General manager since 1990, Sam Baptiste’s association with NKV started at the outset in 1968 while attending high school in Vernon. Echoing Clarence Louie’s experience, Baptiste remembers picking rocks, pruning, digging holes, stretching wire, installing anchors and the like. The back-breaking work under the baking sun inspired Baptiste to seek a diverse education at the University of Victoria, at a college in San Diego and UC Davis. In 1976, at only 24, Baptiste was elected OIB chief, resigning in 1984 to study horticulture, specializing in tree fruits and grapes, at Wenatchee Valley College. “It meant missing a lot of the challenges during NKV’s turbulent early Pre Spring 2019

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When plans for Brights became known, a tribal meeting was called in Penticton… They raked me over the coals saying ‘How dare you even think about putting in a winery’.

Sam Baptiste years while under the stewardship of Ted Brouwer, 1968 to 1985, and Kenn Visser from 1986 until 1990-91,” he says.

Associated with NKV “on and off” since 1968, leading grape specialist John Vielvoye returned to attend the 50th after an absence of 12-13 years. A leading figure in grape growing circles as a provincial grape specialist, John Vielvoye has been associated with NKV’s growth and changes “off and on” since 1968.

Initially planted in Okanagan Riesling and hybrids, NKV took a bold step, teaming up with Vielvoye, to plant “two acres of test varieties including Vitis Vinifera in Block M up on a hillside, one of the best sites on the property,” he says.

“Nk’Mip provided the land free of charge, with posts and wires, cultivated and sprayed, and we evaluated data and kept records. For the first year, Andrés Wines took on the job but not realizing how many varieties were involved, 126 in all, found it a little overwhelming.

The Research Station in Summerland took over the responsibilities in year two, developing a list of varieties that were suitable for this area. They included varieties that are still now in the industry such as Cabernet Franc, Gamay Beaujolais, Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Chenin Blanc, Gray Riesling, Semillon, Chardonnay and Reichensteiner, which is now grown at the coast. Later grape additions included Gewürtztraminer, Gutedel (also known as Chasselas), Kerner, MüllerThurgau which is still grown here today, and Riesling Mosel.

“We were even growing German varieties,” he adds, “before the start of the Becker Project in the early 1980s.”

During Sam Baptiste’s tenure as OIB Chief (1976 -84), Vielvoye carried out a similar trial on Indian band land in Lillooet by planting 100 cuttings. Despite wind extremes and harsh conditions, “it spawned a winery based on cool climate varieties, particularly Riesling, he says.

General Manager Sam Baptiste's career with NKV began in 1968 when he was still in highschool.

One of the most suitable locations for growing grapes, NKV ranks as a class 1 site according to 1984 Atlas of Suitable Grape Growing Atlas in the Okanagan and Similkameen Valleys, an authoritative publication in which Vielvoye was an important contributor. NKV is near the top in all categories: 1390 degree days; less than 10 per cent chance of frost except for a few frost pockets; a very high level of solar radiation (sunshine); and well-drained gravelly, loamy soil, more sandy to the south.

Taken from a weather station in the vineyard, averages from 1976-1984 provided the following: 197 days without frost, 1364 growing degree days, slightly less than class 1, lowest temperature at -22.5C, and warmest +40C.

Photo by OIB Media

Despite the reassuring stats, “the only certainty about growing grapes is uncertainty,” says Sam Baptiste. “We’re the biggest gamblers in the world without going to Vegas,” he says, looking over at his “counterpart”, Dick Cleaves, who has grown grapes on both sides of the Okanagan River.

OIB Chief Clarence Louie (right) and Nk'Mip winemaker Justin Hall.

22 Pre Spring 2019

“Right from the first blast of winter, we’re hoping it doesn’t get too cold while, at the same time, you’re thinking, there’s Ice wine out there. You go along and then there’s the spring frost and you hope the shoots don’t come out until then. If there is a frost and the shoots are about so high – we have a few dreaded frost buckets out there as you can see they just turn black and die, and all you

NKV’s first decade lived up to this distressing portrayal, and then some. But when it wasn’t cold weather, they faced delays in installing the irrigation system, which meant watering the 63 acres of vines by hand that first year, and wrangling with ornery Indian & Northern Affairs bureaucrats. One of the valley’s coldest winters – 1978-79 - with the windchill dipping as low as -29C, devastated an experimental vineyard newly planted with German varieties. Considered a frost-free site, Murphy’s Law prevailed resulting in the loss of over 50 per cent of the vines. “We kept it going by interplanting the vines two years later,” says Baptiste.

Brouwer was manager and Baptiste was OIB chief in 1981 when Ed Arnold of T. G. Brights & Co. of Ontario partnered with the band to build a large-scale winery which is now known as JacksonTriggs Okanagan Estates. “When plans for Brights became known, a tribal meeting was called in Penticton,” Baptiste recalls. “They raked me over the coals saying ‘How dare you even think about putting in a winery’. They envisioned the tribe coming with a flask to fill up every morning. But people were happy with their wages and what they were doing, so they stopped drinking. Wine was a win-win. We decided we’re doing it, this is our life.”

NKV hit the road running with the introduction of Free Trade in 1988-89, pulling Okanagan Riesling and hybrids not still bound by contract and replacing them with huge plantings of European varieties, including 30 acres of Chardonnay, and many others such as Pinot Blanc, Pinot Noir and Merlot. “The program to improve the quality of fruit was the best thing that could have happened,” says Baptiste. “The industry has grown exponentially every five years and the valley between Oliver and the border is almost all grapes. Exposure to the practices of other countries with longer histories of winemaking like France and California makes us better growers.”

The partnership continued after Brights folded into Vincor in 1994, ushering in such “big ideas” as planting 1,000 acres

Photos by OIB Media

can do is wait for the secondary. In the spring, you hope it doesn’t rain during bloom. It goes on and on - the summer heat, the smoke, the fires, it’s just - why are we here? Then in the fall you hope that it doesn’t freeze before harvest.”

of vines on land leased from OIB in 1998 to the north and east of Osoyoos Lake and partnering with the band to launch Nk’Mip Cellars, Canada’s first aboriginal winery, in 2002. Key Vincor figures, its president Don Triggs and long-time plant manager Maurice Gregoire, worked closely with NKV to shepherd the projects through with the least possible delay.

and goals that our founding fathers on council wanted?" With 300 acres of vines planted, and one of Canada’s most highly regarded wineries, the answer is a resounding “yes.” ■

More than once, “Gregoire baled us out when he would take 40 tons of Chancellor when other wineries wouldn’t,” Baptiste says. As for the “big idea” business, “that’s what you started 50 years ago,” says Triggs. “What you did then in terms of the development of grape growing in the Okanagan Valley was really reaching out there and making a difference.”

Looking back on 50 years of sweat and challenges under the sweltering Okanagan sun, Baptiste asks, “Did we (Brouwer, Visser and myself) achieve the dreams

Osoyoos Indian Band members and wine industry partners gathered to celebrate.

Kik Hall provided traditional drum music.

Jane Stelkia matriarch of the Okanagan Nation.

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Be on the Lookout for New Pests in BC

Photo by Kristie Graham

One might think Benjamin Franklin was a farmer facing down insects when he said, “An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.” While farming wasn’t part of Franklin’s list of occupational achievements, his quote certainly applies to today’s growers and their need to be

The Brown Marmorated Stink Bug, which was first detected in Chilliwack in 2015, is currently wreaking havoc in urban areas of the Lower Mainland and Okanagan. Unfortunately, it’s not a matter of whether this pest will hit crops like apples and berries, but when. The pest causes deformities and discolouration to fruit and kernel damage in hazelnuts. Hazelnut damage is on the radar because the brown marmorated stink bug has become a significant pest for this crop in Oregon

aware of insects that can create damage and crop losses.

BC Ministry of Agriculture entomologist Tracy Hueppelsheuser echoes that quote when she says it’s easier to prevent and control new pests before their populations become a serious problem.

“It is important to stay up to date on

and there is concern hazelnuts, which have already been challenged by Eastern filbert blight, will be impacted in BC as well.

Photo courtesy https://www2.gov.bc.ca

BC's Most Un-Wanted

Photo courtesy https://www2.gov.bc.ca

Spotted Wing Drosophila continues to be an issue for berry and soft-skinned fruit growers. Harvesting early, often and thoroughly are Hueppelsheuser’s recommendations to use alongside monitoring, trapping and insecticide. See the story on page 26 to learn more about studies into methods to control this pest.

Western Corn Rootworm adult beetles on squash flowers.

24 Pre Spring 2019

what growers in other regions are facing, and keep watch in BC for any new or suspicious damage,” she says. “Any new bugs that you haven’t seen before or suspicious damage of concern can be submitted to the [ministry’s] plant health lab. We do encourage growers to contact us at the Ministry with any questions about pests and pest management.”

Photo by Katja Schulz

By Ronda Payne

Western Corn Rootworm larvae in corn roots.

Japanese Beetle, which was first detected in Vancouver in 2017. In 2018, The Canadian Food Inspection Agency instituted movement control in addition to the treatment of turf for this beetle’s grubs by the City of Vancouver, Ministry of Agriculture and the landscape industry. These pests feed on leaves, flowers and fruits causing reduced yields and plant death.

“This pest is of great concern to the nursery and landscape industry as well as any grass crops, berries and other perennial crops,” says Hueppelsheuser. “Our hope is that with these collaborative efforts… we can eradicate the pest from Vancouver and prevent its movement into the agriculture production areas of BC”

Western Corn Rootworm was first detected in Sumas in 2016. This major corn pest is well established and growers need to plan for it with prevention and control programs which will reduce damage. Hueppelsheuser notes controls like rotating out of conventional corn every three years, use of Bt-traited corn and use of seed treatments and in-furrow applications at planting are working. These insects eat corn roots, clip silks and can lead to poor pollination and even disease.

Photo courtesy https://www2.gov.bc.ca

Photo by Bruce Watt

European chafer larvae.

European Chafer, which was detected in Metro Vancouver in 2001, is like Japanese Beetle in that it has been present in urban turf.

“These grubs are known to primarily feed on turf roots, but can also be problematic in perennial crops such as berries and fruit,” Hueppelsheuser explains. “Though not known to be present in agriculture lands at this time, growers should remain vigilant and watch for and report any suspicious damage or insects.”

True armyworm adult moth with characteristic white spots on wings.

True armyworm larvae feeding on corn tassel.

True Army worm was “devastating” to grass and corn crops on Vancouver Island and in the Fraser Valley in 2017 she says. Researchers are learning more about the pest’s migratory habits and fortunately, there were few of the insects found in fields or traps in 2018.

Photo by Mike Reding and Betsy Anderson

Pests to Keep an Eye On

Photo by Whitney Cranshaw

Potato/Tomato Psyllid hasn’t caused major concerns since 2008, but if not monitored, can quickly become an issue for field and greenhouse crops, leading to direct damage to plants and fruits, contamination and vectors disease.

European chafer.

Hueppelsheuser notes that all of the insects noted here are direct pests – they feed on the leaves, roots or fruits of the plant and can affect various crops in BC with a variable range of damage. Cropspecific biosecurity is recommended including buying plant materials from clean sources, ensuring selection of the best varieties for the location and using preventative tools like crop rotation and clean equipment. As always, pests are best controlled when caught early, so the fields must be scouted regularly and

all team members need to know what to look for.

“For all these insects, we are striving to provide timely and updated information to the sectors at risk,” she notes. This is being done by keeping webpages up to date, attending events, sharing factsheets or updates via web or in person and encouraging growers to report any suspicious damage or insects.

Find information about these insects and other crop pests as well as ways to man

age them at https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/ content/industry/agriculture-seafood/ animals-and-crops Navigate through the crop production and plant health sections for a wide range of information.

The ministry’s plant health lab can be reached at https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/ content/industry/agriculture-seafood/ animals-and-crops/plant-health/planthealth-laboratory ■

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Researchers Deploy New Weapons Against SWD

By Ronda Payne

With few tools available for spotted wing drosophila management, research is making great strides in organic solutions.

Photos by ES Cropconsult

Blueberries and other fruits are often plagued by spotted wing drosophila (SWD) and while growers have emergency labelling for control, other options need to be created to manage the fruitloving pest and reduce crop losses.

Early successes are being witnessed through trials by E.S. Cropconsult and studies out of the Department of Horticulture at Oregon State University (OSU).

Jen McFarlane, berry IPM supervisor and assistant research coordinator and Allyson Kang, berry IPM supervisor, both with E.S. Cropconsult, explored the use of traps in three organic blueberry fields in the Fraser Valley in 2018.

SWD damage on blueberries.

“SWD is a devastating pest for organic and conventional growers, but there are currently few management options for organic growers when it comes to SWD,” McFarlane says. “The chemical options that they do have are not highly effective and have a limited number of spray applications per season.”

Unfortunately, this creates the perfect storm for SWD, in that without a rotational management program, if SWD take hold in a field, their population explodes once they have ripe fruit available.

To explore the effects of traps with lures, Kang and McFarlane placed 20 large, yellow multi-lure traps from Great Lakes IPM along one edge of each field to ensure high density. The traps were filled with Scentry SWD lures and a dish with a soap and water solution (for capturing the flies).

To monitor SWD pressure and gauge response to the Scentry lures, Contech SWD traps were baited with apple cider vinegar and positioned in specific areas of the field both near to and far from the Scentry-lured traps for comparison. Both types of traps were checked, had their so26 Pre Spring 2019

SWD adult flies.

SWD larva.

lutions changed and had SWD numbers recorded weekly for the seven-week trial. Also, to assess SWD larval infestation levels, McFarlance and Kang collected ripe blueberries twice during the season.

parison traps further away, the other fields did not have this result. To help understand causes, a potential followup project will look at the results and will also include mass traps placed in the hedgerow in order to reduce the risk of drawing more SWD into the berry fields.

“Since there is only one season of data collected so far, conclusions are not definitive,” Kang said, but added, “The mass traps did catch large numbers of SWD with the highest estimate of 10,000 SWD captured in one field over the course of the study. The trap and lure combination was found to be highly effective and may have drawn more SWD into the traps than to the surrounding fruit.”

While one of the three fields seemed to have lower SWD levels in traps around the yellow mass traps than in the com-

“More years of data in more fields will help to demonstrate trends and to confirm if mass trapping could be used as a management tool for SWD,” McFarlane says. “It’s too soon for any recommendations to be made for this particular management method, however, growers who are desperate to try something different are encouraged to test any tools that might be effective.”

Until such time as definitive conclusions

are available, she recommends a multipronged approach because a single tool is unlikely to provide control for organic growers.

“It is important for different management tools such as physical, cultural and biological methods to be researched to find how organic growers can either delay or prevent SWD from entering fields in the early season and then keep the population levels low during the fruit ripening period,” she says. “It is an uphill battle, but there is currently a lot of research going into all areas of SWD management so hopefully the combined effort will help increase options for organic growers to manage this difficult pest in the future.”

Kang hopes a planned follow-up study will provide three more years of data and more conclusions with a focus on both organic and conventional blueberries. She

believes favourable results in blueberries could be applied to raspberry, blackberry and cherry crops.

South of the border, Vaughn Walton horticultural entomologist with the Department of Horticulture at OSU, is leading work that started in 2017 as a project to create a control agent to coat fruit and repel SWD. One versions of the control agent failed miserably and actually attracted SWD. The project changed direction as a result.

Team member Valerio Rossi-Stacconi, also from OSU, notes that the latest version of the attractant the team created beat out all types of fruit tested in its ability to attract SWD. SWD found this attractant product suitable for mating, egg-laying and food, so they did not always turn to fruit when it was available. The attractant went through extensive trials in 2018 on blue-

berries, grapes, raspberries, cherries and strawberries. The number of eggs laid in four different varieties of blueberries was reduced by an average of 68.9 per cent.

“It has a comparable fruit damage reduction [to] normal chemicals that are used on crops,” says Rossi-Stacconi. “It requires, over a 21-day period, a single application, which is a great advantage of costs.”

Plus, like McFarlane’s research, there are no insecticidal compounds in the OSU product, thereby eliminating environmental issues, potential fruit toxicity and worker exposure concerns.

Testing for SWD controls will continue and with the right solutions, the lines between organic and conventional are likely to blur. ■

Saving Strawberries from Thrips and Lygus Insect damage can lead to a reduced bottom line and frustration in the field

By Ronda Payne

Arlan Benn, berry IPM supervisor and organic research coordinator with E.S. Crop Consult, a firm which provides IPM services in the Fraser and Pemberton Valleys of BC, notes that both pests live on a wide range of hosts beyond berries and are easily dispersed throughout farming fields. This makes monitoring and control all the more important – and difficult.

Deformed and scarred strawberries are sometimes victims of poor pollination or wind or mechanical damage, but thrips, which love hot, dry weather, are common and abundant and may be overlooked when it comes to similar appearing damage. Thrips leave a shiny tan or brown

Photo by Catherine Eckert | Dreamstime.com

Strawberry growers currently have two insects on their most wanted list; lygus and thrips. These generalist pests don’t just go for strawberries. They are equal opportunity insects enjoying everything from alfalfa and peaches to vegetables and other crops. They are far from a harmless annoyance as both can lead to berries destined for the compost heap.

This photo shows typical damage from Thrips to strawberry flowers.

patch on the berry’s surface. It may look like mechanical damage but as Benn notes, if the berry is fairly sheltered and not touching the ground, it’s far more likely to be thrips.

issue with changing climates,” he says.

“Thrips are predominantly a quality issue and reproduce very quickly under ideal conditions meaning they need to be monitored closely.”

“We can expect [thrips] to be a growing

Lygus leads to the “cat-faced” berries

Pre Spring 2019

27

some growers may confuse with pollination issues. The deformation is caused by the sucking mouthpart of the insect which punctures the berry and makes it pinch inward as it grows.

The damage from lygus can be extensive even at low counts of the insects. It is able to impact both yield and quality in strawberries and there is no “down-time” with these pests – they are around during the entire season. Adding insult to injury, they are very mobile and will fly to fruit trees and other crops in the spring.

Monitoring and control are the keys for both insects, though even these tried and true methods can be challenging with lygus and thrips.

“With lygus, some growers were finding difficulty with some product [control] groups and their lack of efficacy this past season,” Benn says. “Densities were also extremely high in many fields. This stresses the idea that farmers need to be scouting fields before and after product applications to ensure they are managing the problem.”

Thrips are more difficult to pin down in terms of aligning monitoring counts to crop damage.

“Sometimes we can measure very high levels and see no damage, other times there are very few pests and noticeable damage,” he notes. There are many complex interactions in the field that could be partially responsible for this. For example, some thrips are known to be om-

Photos by ES Cropconsult

“Poor pollination causes a similar effect, except you’ll be able to notice that the seeds are very small near the deformation – this is because they weren’t pollinated, so they don’t contribute to the fruit’s growth,” he explains. “With lygus injury, the seeds will all be roughly normal size.”

Lygus damage to a strawberry.

Thrips damage to a strawberry.

nivorous, so they could be distracted from the crop and feeding on spider mites. It could be as simple as weather affecting the activity level of thrips feeding. There are still a lot of unknowns with this pest in Lower Mainland strawberries.”

says Benn.

Despite this, the best approach with thrips and lygus continues to be regular monitoring. Benn recommends at least weekly.

“You need to know when the first lygus nymphs [immature insects] arrive as they are most susceptible to control measures when young, so get out there as blossoms show up in the field,” he says.

Field monitoring for insect levels is crucial to confirming insect damage versus pollination issues, wind or mechanical damage. By directly measuring pest levels, growers will have a better awareness of whether thrips or lygus are the cause of their strawberry quality issues. This is a better gauge of potential issues than looking at damage and making assumptions.

“If you grow more than one susceptible crop they will be especially important for you to monitor and control carefully,”

Locally recommended pest thresholds, like those noted in the BC Ministry of Agriculture berry production guide, will help. Lygus limits to trigger spraying are one nymph per 20 plants, while California recommends spraying at 10 thrips per blossom. Obviously these levels vary making it even more important to track pest numbers and know your field and crop before making the decision to spray.

For example, while some will say finding 20 lygus or thrips in a field is a spray indicator, it depends upon the size of the field.

“Track beneficial insects such as Minute pirate bug, lady bird beetles, and predatory thrips- if the levels are high, consider waiting to spray for thrips,” he says.

“Lygus shows a preference for alfalfa so watch for nearby hay fields being cut and their migration into the strawberry fields.”

Benn worked with growers in the Lower Mainland who had losses due to lygus.

These growers struggled to get control of the pests throughout the season and while they didn’t track losses, Benn expects them to be significant.

Photos by ES Cropconsult

“At its worst points [levels of damage were] very high and definitely impacting their bottom lines,” he says. “Less drastically, thrips were also challenging for a couple of growers.”

Lygus adult.

28 Pre Spring 2019

Lygus nymphs.

The best aid E.S. Crop Consult gave to these growers was to help them identify pest levels and determine the most effective times to spray. Overall, in 2018 thrips was easier to control than lygus, but both pest must be monitored closely in 2019 to avoid costly damage. ■

Learning from Experience at the Fortify Conference

By Roslyne Buchanan “Learn from the mistakes of others. You can't live long enough to make them all yourself,” advised Eleanor Roosevelt, American President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s wife, and a diplomat and activist in her own right.

President Craft Distiller’s Guild of BC and CEO of Okanagan Spirits Craft Distillery, Tyler Dyck regretted heeding advice to focus on the marketing of the product.

“Instead I would focus on the experience. The world doesn’t benefit from production of yet another consumable product, but it does from the creation of a good memory stemming from a wonderful experience.”

Photo by Kim Lawton

Delivering on that philosophy, leaders in winery, distillery, cidery, and brewery industries provided insight at the Fortify Conference opening panel. Each offered valuable information based on his or her own experience. Common cornerstones were taking the time to plan, creating systems to operate and track information, and writing down procedures.

The panel, Tyler Dyck, Cynthia Enns, Kristen Needham and Patt Dyck.

Western Canada’s oldest craft distillery, Okanagan Spirits was founded in 2004 “from the idea of 100% locally grown fruits and grains made into premium, world-class spirits just a tractor-ride away from the orchards and fields where the base ingredients were grown.” It now

I would focus on the experience. The world doesn’t benefit from production of yet another consumable product, but it does from the creation of a good memory.

Tyler Dyck produces over 25 internationally awarded spirits ranging from BC’s first Single Malt Whisky to Gins, Vodkas, Liqueurs, Fruit Brandies, Aquavit and Absinthe.

Photo contributed

Dyck stressed telling your story and it’s your single biggest asset. “If I could turn back the clock,” I’d give greater attention

Tyler and Melissa Dyck behind the bar at Okanagan Spirits.

Pre Spring 2019

29

Photos contributed

A stunning sunset viewed from the Naramata vineyards at Laughing Stock Winery.

to what the customer wants through “more time at hospitality industry conferences talking directly to prospective accounts and listening to what they really are looking for.”

Conversely, he’d reduce time chasing success in competitions and “rein in the pressure to constantly expand the portfolio in trying to please accounts. More is not always better,” he says. Dyck recommended studying the market research and metrics in your market environment,

Find work life balance… hire a manager sooner rather than later, you don't know everything, and you can't do everything.

Kristen Needham adding “a thick skin” is needed to engage effectively in product market research panels.

Kristen Needham, founder and Cidermaster at Sea Cider Farm and Ciderhouse, quipped the birth of her daughter in 2000 may not have been the soundest catalyst to start the cidery. Sea Cider’s key ingredients at the outset were an inherited orchard; a family in agriculture; “slow food” experience living in Europe; time to plan; a supportive husband; and another business to pay the bills while they got established.

Located minutes from Victoria on the Saanich Peninsula, Sea Cider is a farmbased cidery and opened its farm gate business in 2007. Growth-oriented, valuedriven and family-owned, Sea Cider creates exceptional cider experiences from farm-based tasting and events to wholesale across North America. It operates 10 acres plus lease, sustains 36-plus yearround employees, and produces 16,000 cases and growing.

Cannery Brewing Co-Founder Patt Dyck.

30 Pre Spring 2019

David and Cynthia Enns founded Laughing Stock in 2003.

To her younger self, she recommended,

tablishing processes for reporting and tracking to establish a business structure with capacity for growth. Set up your personal financial foundation from the start, she advises.

“It’s all about the relationships for us: staff, customers, community, craft beer community, wineries and others.” Employee retention and development is essential: "Our biggest asset is our team.

Our team is part of our family. Ongoing staff is important for consistency.”

Fortify’s opening panel set the tone for practical knowledge from and for producers of wine, beer, cider, and spirits and complementary service providers.

Professional development was extensive through plenary sessions on government funding and alcohol regulations, the trade show, or concurrent tracks for Sales & Marketing; Finance/Operations; and Human Resources.

The patio at the Cannery Brewing in Penticton.

“For everyone’s sake, find work-life balance and nurture it.” Hire managers sooner rather than later. “You don’t know everything, and you can’t do everything,” she says.

Laughing Stock Vineyards Founder Cynthia Enns agreed she’d delegate more in a do-over of her career. She was proud to have gotten some things right such as starting small but thinking big; and focusing on customer loyalty and brand often, brand always”.

What the Enns “needed to learn the hard way” along with the ability to delegate was to get human resources input early and “systems, systems, systems”.

David and Cynthia Enns founded Laughing Stock in 2003 buying a vineyard and jumping in to become Naramata Bench’s ninth winery. Today, area wineries number around 40. They hired consultants, attended courses at UC David and Okanagan College, added a winery building in 2005, and vineyards in 2007 and 2012, growing production to 10,000 cases. Arterra Wines Canada Inc. acquired Laughing Stock in 2017 as a wholly owned subsidiary under the Enns’ management.

23 years. “In need of a different direction” with a young family, they agreed to join friend and “brewing-crazed Brew Master” Terry Schoffer to form the brewery in 2000. The first batch was brewed on April Fool’s Day 2001.

Veterans were generous in pointing out pitfalls and how they’d do things differently. Plus, triumphs were highlighted. As Eleanor Roosevelt said: “The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams.”

Save Tuesday, November 19, 2019 for the next Fortify Artisan Fermenters and Distillers Business Conference and Tradeshow (fortifyconference.ca). ■

Several transitions later, Cannery moved into its purpose-built facility, including a lively Taproom, in 2015. Patt admits they didn’t realize they were going to be missionaries converting customers 'one beer drinker at a time'. “We had to convince stores and restaurants there was a demand for craft beer,” and “engage people to be part of our journey.”

“Get filing cabinets,” she adds, because the hard lessons of business include es-

Cannery Brewing Co-Founder Patt Dyck related she operated Naramata’s Country Squire Restaurant with husband Ron for

Pre Spring 2019

31

The Tractor Survey – Orchard & Vine Readers Talk

Tractor photos by Leo Gebert

There may be no more important or iconic piece of equipment on the farm than the tractor. From tilling to trimming to spraying, the tractor has become the indispensable partner for orchardists, vineyard managers and all types of farmers worldwide as they tend to their various crops. In the orchard and wine industries, farmers have very specific demands for their tractors, typically needing a machine with a narrow wheelbase and high stability, but with the power and traction to still able to pull large loads and handle a wide variety of attachments and jobs. In this issue of Orchard and Vine, we celebrate our 60th Anniversary of working with Canadian farmers by asking about their relationship with the farmer’s workhorse machine of choice.

What is the oldest working tractor on your property?

3% < 5 years old 2015 - 2019 19% 5-10 years old 2014 - 2009 19% 11 - 20 years old 2008 - 1999 28% 21 - 39 years old 1998 - 1980 31% > 40 years old 1979 or older Keeping the tractor moving at St Hubertus & Oak Bay Vineyards in Kelowna.

Is there anything about the older model tractors that you wish they would bring back?

75%

Did not miss anything about the old tractors

32 Pre Spring 2019

25% of our respondents did miss things about the older tractors. They missed the comfort, reliability, simplicity, price, ease of repairs and a better 3 point hook.

But the overwhelming response was that the readers didn't miss anything about the old models, which says a lot about what a good job the manufacturers are doing to meet consumer needs.

How many working tractors do you own?

47% own 2-3

22% own 4-6

19% own 1

13% own > 6

Tractors What is your favourite tractor of all time?

• Case • Ford Ford 4100 Old Ford 3910 " The Ford 3930. Breeze to hook up implements and just a dream to cruise around on!"

• Fendt Fendt 207 Vario Tractor photos by Leo Gebert

• John Deere • Kubota Kubota M7400 Cab Kubota M 5400 Kubota 7030 " Kubota Narrow vineyard version with What is most important to your tractor purchase? Price, brand loyalty, local dealership, the best model for the job, or all of the above.

Local Dealership 13% All of the above 31%

low profile wheels and tires for great side hill stability. Plenty of power, hookup multiple implements, fully enclosed cabin with all the comforts."

• Massey Ferguson • New Holland TN95FA 2005 New Holland T65 • Nuffield

The best model for the job 56%

• Yanmar " Yanmar tracked - which is no longer made."

If you purchase a brand new tractor, do you take advantage of dealer financing or other methods of payment?

4% B ank Financing 4% L easing Company 24% Cash back options 24% I like to buy used 44% Dealer Financing

Pre Spring 2019

33

TRACTOR

SPECS

2019

Manufacturer

Antonio Carraro

Antonio Carraro

Case IH Farmall N

Case IH Farmall N

Model

TGF 7800S/ 7900

SRX 7800 / 7900

Farmall 110N

Farmall 80N

Engine Hp

71 Hp/75 Hp

71 Hp/75 Hp

106 Hp

74 Hp

PTO Hp

75 Hp/85 Hp

75 Hp/85 Hp

93 Hp

62 Hp

Fuel Tank (imp. gal.)

60 litres

60 Liters

72 Liters

72 Liters

Transmission

16 x 16 Manual Shuttle

16 x 16 Manual Shuttle

16 x 16 power or mech.shuttle

16 x 16 power or mech.shuttle

Steering

Frt. Axles with 2 Cyl.

Articulated Hydrostatic Hydrostatic

Brakes

Hydr Brakes in oil bath

Hydr Brakes in oil bath

Wet Disc

Wet Disc

Wheelbase

1530 mm / 60.2"

1645 mm / 63.3"

96”

96"

Minimum Width

1325 mm / 52.1"

1080 mm / 41.4"

52.9”

52.9"

Weight

2520 Kgs. / 5555 Lbs.

2590 Kgs. / 5698 Lbs.

6085 lbs

5886 lbs

Driving Wheels

4 x 4

4 x 4

380/70R24

380/70R24

Website

www.antoniocarraro.it/en/ www.antoniocarraro.it/en/ www.caseih.com

The only electronic pruning tool in the world with an interchangeable cutting head.

F3015

F3015 STANDARD KIT

The F3015 can be fitted with a range of fixed and telescopic extension poles ranging between 1.2m to 3.5m, giving a cutting reach of up to 5m above the ground. The pruning shear is controlled by a micro switch housed in a sliding handle on the carbon fibre tube.

The shears can be operated by the user with a single cable between the battery and the pole. Trigger control information is directly centralized by an electronic microcard housed in the pole.

The tool’s versatility will be appreciated by users doing large cuts or overhead work.

F3015 MEDIUM KIT F3015 MAXI KIT

ULTRA-COMPACT LITHIUM ION BATTERY

The storage cells of the battery have been chosen for their reliability and capacity to deliver intense current. Rapid charging: 90 minutes.

VEST

Corsica Equipment Inc. • CorsicaEquipment.com 34 Pre Spring 2019

www.caseih.com

CHAINSAW

RECIPROCATING SAW

HEDGE TRIMMER

DESUCKERING TOOL

OLIVER HARVESTER

FLOWER THINNER

Thanks to electronic recognition, the speed automatically adapts to the connected tool. This patented system is used to adjust the motor performance and thereby define the best power/ speed/torque for the tool being used.

The POWERCOUP PW2 line tools can be used with all INFACO batteries: whether the NiMh batteries for F3005 and F3010 pruning shears, or the Lithium batteries for the F3015 or L810B.

6015 Fir Ave, Summerland, BC 604-378-4826 info@corsicaequipment.com

Tying Machine The A3M V2.0 is an electrical tying device that makes vine tying easy.

TRACTOR

SPECS

2019

Manufacturer

Deutz Fahr

Deutz Fahr

John Deere

John Deere

Model

5080DF Ecoline

5080DS

5GN

5GV

Engine Hp

75

75

75,90,100 75,90

PTO Hp

70-95

70-85

Fuel Tank (imp. gal.)

14

14

19.3-22.7

19.3-22.7

Transmission

20+10 or 30+15

30+15 or 45+45

24F/12R PowrReverser 24F/12R PowrReverser

Steering Hydrostatic Hydrostatic

Hydrostatic

Hydrostatic

Brakes

4 wheel brake disc

Wet Disc

Wet Disc

Wheelbase 79"

80"

82.6"

82.6”

Minimum Width

59"

49"

49.5”"

39"

Weight

5776 lbs

5926-6657 lbs

5567-6559 lbs

5379-6052 lbs

Driving Wheels

4WD 4WD MFWD

2WD or MFWD

Website

www.deutz-fahr.com www.deutz-fahr.com www.deere.com

www.deere.com

4 wheel brake disc

Millcreek Row Mulchers

• Eight sizes from 2.1-10.8 cu.yds • Single or twin row side delivery • Tractor hydaulic or PTO driven models • Machine Widths down to 48”

Not just any tractor will work in vineyards, orchards and nurseries. Get the power you want with the clearance you need with a John Deere 5GV or 5GN Series Tractor.

65 years in business ~ 1952-2017 Rob Snyder Eastern Farm Machinery Ltd. RR3, 10 Nicholas Beaver Rd. Puslinch,ON., Canada, N0B 2J0 Phone 519.763.2400

www.prairiecoastequipment.com Kamloops 250-573-4412

www.easternfarmmachinery.com

Kelowna 250-765-9765

Prince George 250-561-4260

Langley Chilliwack 604-792-1516 604-530-4644

Nanaimo 778-441-3210

Pre Spring 2019

35

TRACTOR

SPECS

2019

Manufacturer Kioti

Kioti

Kubota

Kubota

Model

CK2510/CK2510H

RX7320

M5N-091

M4N-071

Engine Hp

24.5

73

95/108

72.6

PTO Hp

19.5/19

63

78/91

61

Fuel Tank (imp. gal.)

6.6

22.5

20.1

20.1

Transmission

Manual/Hydrostatic

Power Shuttle

Electro-Hydraulic Shuttle 12X12

Electro-Hydraulic Shuttle 12X12

Steering

Power Steering

Hydrostatic Power Steering

Hydrostatic Power

Hydrostatic Power

Brakes

Wet Disc

Wet Multi Disc

Hydraulic Wet Disc

Hydraulic Wet Disc

Wheelbase

59.8"

83.9"

Power Crawler tires

83.9

Minimum Width

49.2"

77.2”

48.0”

48.0”

Weight

2260 lbs

5589 lbs

7275 lbs.

5291 lbs

Driving Wheels

4WD

4WD

4WD

4WD

Website

www.kioti.com

www.kioti.com

www.kubota.ca

www.kubota ca

SHREDDERS-FLV

Rugged flail choppers to MOW, SHRED & EVENLY SPRED Chopping the heaviest materials, just leaving a Double twin flails for grass fine mulch behind. cutting and light scrub cleaning

Universal hammer flails for heavy duty pulverizing

5592 Hwy 97 Oliver BC 250-498-2524 250-498-6231 www.gerardsequipment.com 36 Pre Spring 2019

TRACTOR

SPECS

2019

Manufacturer

Kubota

Kubota

Mahindra

Mahindra

Model

MX5200

M5L-111

1526

2545 Shuttle Cab

Engine Hp

54.7

100

25.6

44

PTO Hp

45.7

89

19

28

Fuel Tank (imp. gal.)

13.5

24.3

7.1

9

Transmission

8F/8R Hydraulic Shuttle

Electro-Hydraulic Shuttle 12X12

Synchronized Shuttle

Sync, Shuttle W/Part Synchromesh

Steering

Hydrostatic Power

Hydrostatic Power

Hydrostatic Power

Hydrostatic/Tiltable

Brakes

Mechanical Wet Disc

Hydraulic Wet Disc

Wet Disc

Wet Disc

Wheelbase 74.6”

83.9"

Minimum Width

69.7”

66.3 (Rops Folded)

63"

63.2”

Weight

3474/3716 lbs

5909 lbs

2437 to 2459 lbs

3506 lbs

Driving Wheels

2WD/4WD selectable

4WD

4x4 MFWD 4WD

2wd/4wd

Website

www.kubota.ca

www.kubota.ca

mahindracanada.ca

mahindracanada.ca

• Cabernet Franc • Cabernet Sauvignon • Chardonnay • Gamay • Gewürztraminer • Malbec • Merlot • Muscat Ottonel

• Orange Muscat • Pinot Blanc • Pinot Gris • Pinot Noir • Riesling • Sauvignon Blanc • Sovereign Coronation • Seyval Blanc

• Shiraz • Syrah • Vidal • Viognier • Zinfandel • Zweigelt

NOTE: Many different clones are available. Rootstocks available are SO4 and 3309

contact:

MORI VINES INC. R.R.#3, 1912 Concession 4, Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario L0S 1J0 Phone: (905) 468-0822 Fax: (905) 468-0344 email: morivines@sympatico.ca • www.morivines.com

Pre Spring 2019

37

TRACTOR

SPECS

2019

Manufacturer

Massey Ferguson

Massey Ferguson

New Holland

Model

1739E

MF4610

T4F

Engine Hp

38.5

99

74/106

PTO Hp

32.7

80

65/93

Fuel Tank (imp. gal.)

10

27

25

Transmission

9.3 mechanical shift

12F X 12R pwr shuttle

16 X 16

Steering

Hydrostatic

Supersteer FWD Axle

Brakes

Wet Disc

Wet Multi Disc

Wet Disc

Wheelbase 65.9"

88.5"

96”

Minimum Width

52.4"

78.7”

61.7”

Weight

2756 lbs

6503 lbs

6243/6614 lbs

Driving Wheels

Ag, turf or industrial

Ag, turf or industrial

2WD/4WD Ag or Industrial

Website

www.masseyferguson.us

www.masseyferguson.us

www.newholland.com

8

MOBILE FILTRATION SYSTEMS

Wine Filtration 3 - Pall Oenoflow Crossflow Filters Alcohol Adjustment, Wine Concentration, Taint Removal (VA, Smoke, Brett) 3 - Reverse Osmosis Systems Juice Lees and Wine Lees Recovery Spadoni Rotary Vacuum Drum Filter (RVDF)

Wine making isn’t just an art.

It’s also a complex chemical process and in today’s modern wineries, compressed gases play an increasingly important role in many aspects of bottled wine.

Wine Tartrate Stabilization and PH adjustment Oenodia Selective Tartrate Removal Systems (STARS) We now offer small haul flat deck trucking

Cellar Dweller Mobile Filtration Services Ltd. Lesia Wood/ Robert Kwakernaak

To find out how Praxair can help make this year a good one contact us at 1-800-225-8247

www.praxair.ca

38 Pre Spring 2019

250.497.2009 • Office 250.487.2995 • lesia@cellardweller.ca 250.460.1313 • robert@cellardweller.ca

www.cellardweller.ca

Post Harvest Specialist Peter Toivonen on Soft Scald

By Tom Walker

As a post-harvest specialist with AAFC, Toivonen has spent much of his career studying ways to improve apple storage.

He’s developed the DA meter into a reliable tool to determine the best time to pick Ambrosia and Honeycrisp for maximum storage. He has worked with a spectrometer to test for the optimum time to pick cherries, so they can arrive at export locations in top condition. And Toivonen believes he has recently solved another storage puzzle, how to avoid soft scald, an injury that develops when apples are kept in cold storage. “My experiments are showing that it is related to water management practices,” he says.

Toivonen points to four bins of apples on the cold room floor. The first have had consistent irrigation all summer and look almost fresh-picked. The second bin contains apples from trees that had reduced water from June to July and they too look fine. The third group had water cut back from July 15 to August 15 and some have small brown spots are appearing on the skin. The fourth group are from trees that had restricted water from August 15th to harvest. Some of those are more than two-thirds brown colour and are giving off that telltale rotten apple smell. “That’s the effects of soft scald,” Toivonen says.

“Soft scald is a chilling related injury,” explains Toivonen. “Most apples are tolerant of very low temperatures, but we find certain batches of both Ambrosia

Photo by Tom Walker

I follow AAFC scientist Peter Toivonen into the depths of the Summerland research center. In the basement is a series of cold chambers. Some are for plant propagation and some for fruit storage trials. Toivonen opens one of the latter and I am immediately struck by a smell from my childhood. The rich odour of ripening apples (some are actually rotting) reminds me of the fruit we stored in the ‘box room’ at our house in rural Victoria. Although we called them ‘winter apples’, without the refrigeration or the controlled atmosphere storage available in today’s packing industry, the apples would not last through the winter and would end up in the compost by mid-February.

AAFC Scientist Peter Toivonen with a scalded apple, that is just 4 months old.

Post-harvest quality is really linked to production practices…Once the fruit has been picked, postharvest can only maintain quality, it can’t improve it.

Peter Toivonen and Honeycrisp are susceptible when we put them into cold storage.

“My hypothesis, and it has been demonstrated this year, is that if the apples are under stress in the field just four or five weeks before harvest, some of the tissues in the apple will be weakened,” Toivonen says. “When you put those apples into cold storage, say at half a degree, they get chilling injury.”

It’s a year by year thing depending on the conditions, Toivonen says, adding that losses to soft scald average 5% for BC. But he says that this year the damage could be much higher. “I am hearing that some orchards may see 20% damage in this year’s fruit. I believe that there have been some insurance claims already.”

If the orchard is very susceptible, you can see soft scald developing in storage within a month, but normally it’s 2-3 months.

One strategy has been to condition the fruit at 15 or 20’C for a week before they are put into storage. Another practice is

to store them at a warmer temperature.

“Sometimes 3 or 4’C storage alleviates the problem,” Toivonen says.

The condition has been studied for some 40 years but no one has made the connection to water management, and indeed even for Toivonen himself, it was by chance. “I was studying two orchards in the Similkameen that were particular hot spots for soft scald and one of the orchards was sold,” he recalls. “There was a new manager who followed different irrigation practices and the next year there was very little soft scald.

“The following year we went back to the other orchard and they had changed their irrigation as well. There was no soft scald and I had no experiment,” he chuckles.

“I really made the connection when I was comparing two types of ground covers placed to help the apples colour up in the last weeks of the growing season,” Toivonen recounts. He was looking at ExPre Spring 2019

39

BIN 2

BIN 3

BIN 4

Photo by Tom Walker

BIN 1

Bin 1 Regular irrigation schedule. Bin 2 Reduced irrigation June to July. Bin 3 Reduced from July 15 to August 15. Bin 4 reduced water from August 15th to harvest.

tenday, which is permeable and lets water through and a silver mylar product, which doesn’t. "Water from the micro sprinklers just pooled up on the surface of the mylar," he says.

Those dry trees showed signs of water stress and Toivonen says the fruit suffered soft scald and soggy breakdown (both chilling injuries) while in storage.

“So from there I came to the conclusion that it is late season water stress that is related to soft scald,” Toivonen says.

“This year we had great cooperation from growers that allowed us to look at reducing irrigation at different times through the season,”says Toivonen.

“From the results downstairs it is very clear that late season reduced watering is directly related to the development of soft scald.”

Reducing irrigation is practiced to conserve water in our hot, dry valley. Growers also do it to increase crop quality.

“If you do it from the middle of June to the middle of July there are quite a few reports that indicate you get increased dry matter content and improved fruit quality including red blush,” explains Toivonen. “It reduces the amount of foliage that can steal nutrients from the developing fruit.”

But it is that last phase of growth when the tree needs the most water of any time in the growing season to keep the fruit from going into stress, Toivonen ex40 Pre Spring 2019

plains. “What happens is the surface of the fruit gets heated and the tissue gets compromised although you don’t necessarily see anything, it’s not like sunburn,” he says. “When you give the fruit a second stress of the cold storage it starts to break down.”

“It is the two stresses that finally cause the tissue to deteriorate,” Toivonen says.

“If the apples are kept at 3’C it may not show up ever, but at 5’C it will.”

There can be too little water, but also too much. “I was contacted by a colleague in New Zealand and they have a problem with soft scald on Ambrosia too,” Toivonen says. “But before their harvest there are heavy rains, the soils are saturated, and the roots don’t work. They get water stress because of too much water.”

“You have to keep your mind open that it is not drought, but water stress,” Toivonen emphasizes. “Even here, there may be growers who have too much water in their orchards who may be having the same problem.”

The researchers have a proof of concept that stress leads to a problem. Now they need follow-up trials to develop best practices for growers.

“We are learning that post-harvest quality is really linked to production practices,” says Toivonen. “Once the fruit has been picked, post-harvest can only maintain quality, it can’t improve it. ■

A TEST IS ON THE WAY AAFC Summerland researcher Peter Toivonen believes in collaboration. “We have tied in with the researchers at Kentville Research Center in Nova Scotia, Jun Song and Charles Forney,” he says. “We have been sending apple tissue samples to them and they look at protein content changes.”

Jun Song has found that there are stress related proteins that are associated with the on-set of soft scald Toivonen says. “The next step is to verify if we can get the same relationship in another year.

If that is true then we need to come up with a format for a test kit.”

“Even though we may identify what growers should be doing, it may not answer all the problems,” says Toivonen. “So it would be nice to have a good test that would tell us if fruit are going to be susceptible.”

That information might suggest that storage managers delay cooling, store the apples at a warmer temperature or chose to move those apples first before the disorder develops.

 THE WORD ON WINE | LAURA KITTMER

BC Wine 2018 Vintage Report real heat coming in July when many days exceeded maximum temperatures of over 35C. Even with the hot weather, temperatures were not high enough for the vines to shut down allowing for continued fruit development.

egant with restrained alcohol levels, crisp acidity and fresh, clean and intense fruit flavours that should age well.

O

n November 15, the BC Wine Institute held its 12th Annual Winemakers & Viticulturalists' Forum at Walnut Beach Resort in Osoyoos. Led by Master of Wine Rhys Pender, 85 winemakers and viticulturalists from around the province gathered to discuss the 2017/2018 growing season from winter through harvest.

Responses to an industry-wide survey curated by the BCWI were also collated, together, to form the BCWI’s annual Vintage Report.

So, what can we expect from the 2018 Vintage?

The 2018 vintage was a moderate vintage, cooler than the five-year average but in line with the long-term norms for most wine regions of British Columbia. The wines are el-

The winter of 2017/2018 was a mild one for British Columbia’s vineyards with no reported cold temperature damage to buds or vines. The winter did leave its mark on the growing season as high snowfall levels in the mountains led to large amounts of snowmelt and water in the soils which meant many vineyards in the Okanagan Valley and Similkameen Valley didn’t have to irrigate all spring.

August was slightly cooler with temperatures dropping towards the end of the month. A two to three-week period with smoke coming from wildfires caused extensive blocking of sunlight which slowed photosynthesis and delayed veraison occurring up to a week later than average in some areas.

A cool spring resulted in a slightly later than average bud break. By the time of flowering the vintage had caught up with warm temperatures and dry conditions allowing for ideal flowering conditions and the potential for a large crop. Keeping up with sprays for preventing powdery mildew and managing vigour were the key challenges throughout the late spring and into the beginning of summer.

September was the coolest on record in many areas, extending the growing season and allowing for increased flavour development with slow sugar accumulation and the retention of crisp acidity from the mild days and cool nights. The classic long, dry, sunny fall reappeared in October with warm, sunny days finishing off the ripening period.

The long, moderate growing season saw large clusters and healthy fruit without any

June was moderate with the

shrivel resulting in a large, healthy crop for most growers and amongst most varieties.

A cooler vintage than in recent years, growing degree days (GDD) for 2018 were between 70 to 135 cooler than the recent five-year average across the Okanagan Valley and Similkameen Valley.

The maritime climate of Vancouver Island, the Gulf Islands and the Fraser Valley is always completely different than the interior vineyards and 2018 was no exception. On Vancouver Island and the Gulf Islands the GDD was practically right on the long-term average, while in the Fraser Valley it was a warmer year than average.

On the Islands, bud break occurred in early May. Some rain in June affected the flowering process and lowered yields slightly. The smoke from the forest fires also reached the coastal regions and affected the amount of sunlight exposure for a few weeks but a long, warm, dry fall made for ideal harvest conditions.

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The other interior regions of BC saw similar patterns to the Okanagan and Similkameen with cooler overall temperatures and mild smoke cover blocking sunlight and making for a delayed, moderate growing year.

The Thompson Valley region had a mild winter with no reported cold temperature damage. 2018 was cooler than recent vintages with 1293 GDD in Kamloops, 137 lower than the five-year average. In the Shuswap GDD was just 1006, 149 lower than the five-year average and similar to the vintages of 2010 and 2011. In the Kootenay region it was a moderate vintage with 1288 GDD in Creston, slightly above the long-term average.

Lillooet saw its coolest vintage, similar to the 2012 and 2013 vintages. Rolf de Bruin of Fort Berens said this was the longest harvest they’ve had starting on September 12 and not finishing until November 2.

A mild start to the 2018/2019 winter meant only one short opportunity in early December occurred to pick icewine by the time of publication with seven wineries harvesting an estimated 121 tons. If the mild conditions continue, 2018 vintage icewine may be a rare and special commodity.

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Overall the 2018 vintage is one of freshness and elegance with slightly cooler temperatures in most regions making wines of vibrant acidity, lower alcohol and intense fruit character. High quality was ensured by the classic long, sunny fall with warm days to ripen the fruit balanced with cool nights to maintain the characteristic crisp BC acidity. ■

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 MARKETING MIX | LEEANN FROESE

Plan for the Season Ahead want to see? If you are an ‘orchard’ reader, what marketing issues do you have that you need tips on? Please contact Lisa Olson and let us know.

F

or this inaugural article on marketing which will encompass all kinds of subjects that fall under marketing, including event planning, publicity, packaging, branding, social media, storytelling and more, I thought maybe I should do a little bit of an introductory post & set the tone.

To briefly introduce myself, I own a small agency located in Vancouver called Town Hall Brands. My husband Andrew von Rosen, a graphic designer, and I own the company together. We are a full-service marketing agency with a focus on marketing and branding for personalities, their places of business, and their products. We have a deep specialization in wine, food, and hospitality and, (surprising to many) sports. We are called Town Hall Brands because before anything of societal importance happens there is a “town hall” meeting to hear from and bring parties together, and the core value of our agency is to gather and collaborate.

This column will primality focus on businesses that have a brick and mortar location and value-added products and experiences to sell. Getting right to it, let’s look at some tips for this time of year.

Focus on the Season to Come Here in BC, tasting room sales can make up to 40% or more of a winery’s direct sales. And cellar door sales are the most profitable channel, so linking to tourism and attracting visitors to wineries, hotels, and restaurants will lead to increased profitability.

Before the visitor season and the demands on your time get really pressured, here are suggestions for you now:

step to the other side of the tasting bar, and take a look. What do you see? Can you improve the appearance? Is it tidy, attractive and easy-to-access? What is the first thing that people see when they pull into your driveway? Does your sign need a paint job? How clean and appealing does your winery look compared to your neighbours? You might not have flowers in bloom yet, but you can definitely plan your landscaping. Does your picnic area need to be cleaned up? All things to think about when it is quiet.

Consider: what's going to make your customer experience an amazing one in your space? What extras in your environment will allow them to have a really great time and want to linger and have a glass of wine?

There Is Strength in Numbers

Evaluate Your Curb Appeal

Go and meet with your neighbour, and see how you can collaborate.

While you are not servicing customers,

Work with nearby restaurants, farms,

For the past two decades I’ve been on teams that have branded and launched many well-known wineries here in British Columbia, and we serve clients internationally as well. A fun fact for the ‘orchard’ readership of this publication is that I was the publicist that initially launched the Ambrosia apple.

In the 22 years that I have been at it, I have realized that no matter the size or type of organization, we all seem to have the same needs. The questions seem to be archetypal: we are approached by companies on how they can get their name out there, develop their brand, and what marketing ideas they can employ that are going to help both attract and stand out from the crowd.

What are you stuck on? What do you

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breweries, distilleries or other companies that offer related activities to what you do. Bundle your offerings.

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These ‘bundles’ should be comprised of complementary but non-competing activities that will enhance the visitor experience, and give them more reasons to stay in your area. You can work together to create a package that could include visits with each other, or you can simply refer visitors to and from one another's properties.

Consider the shoulder season.

You need to bring traffic into your tasting room during the quiet, less-travelled time of year (over the winter to about the end of April), so what kind of unique things can you do to encourage people to visit you during those winter months?

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For example, there have been successful collaborative initiatives around holidays such as Valentine's Day, where wineries from a region have joined in, all on the same day, to partner with a bakery or chocolatier and customize wine and chocolate pairings. Look way ahead: perhaps there are end-of-harvest celebrations that can take place as winter approaches. Some wineries hold winter wine activities as well. Think about what you can do to collaborate with local restaurants or your neighbors to make something unique happen that will bring traffic to the area and populate hotel rooms.

Join Your Regional Wine Association Be willing to cooperate and share. In order to have successful tourism you need to be proud of what your entire area offers; not just your own farm, vineyard, business, and people, but also those across the road. Band together and pool resources to co-market yourselves, host events together, and so much more. And when the visitor is offered not just a single encounter, but an entire region with diverse offerings, there is so much more potential for a diverse and memorable experience. ■ Leeann Froese owns Vancouver-based Town Hall Brands – a full service marketing agency that specializes in wine, food, and hospitality. See Leeann’s work at townhallbrands.com or follow online at @townhallbrands

44 Pre Spring 2019

 SEEDS OF GROWTH | GLEN LUCAS

Looking Ahead for 2019 its ability to directly influence, including:

and improve their competitive success as a group, against competitors in other regions.

Viability (ongoing survival) and profitability (adequate return to justify investments) are the goals of strategic planning.

“The competitive challenges facing the BC tree fruit industry are significant…”, is stating what may be obvious to many in the tree fruit sector.

This quote is from a recent study on the BC tree fruit sector, titled Strategic Choices and Directions for the Next Decade, by Globalwise Inc and Belrose Inc. and published by the BCFGA on November 20, 2018. The study sets out many individual and industry imperatives, to be “implemented with dispatch”.

Companies create strategic plans to identify competitors, to make operations efficient and effective, and determine the products and services that consumers will demand. Industry strategies are put in place so that the companies in a sector can find what individual packers and growers in the region have in common

• Rising world apple production and emerging cherry production in areas such as Turkey and Poland.

• Lack of growth in per capita consumption in the developed world.

Strategic Choices and Directions is available by following the links to the tree fruit competitiveness fund at www. bcfga.com. The study is compelling in its direction for the tree fruit industry and all participants to address basic questions about viability and profitability.

• Unprecedented retailer consolidation in Canada.

• Increasing integration of grower-packer-marketers worldwide and the emergence of international alliances to adopt promising new varieties.

Part of the story - challenges and issues - is especially concerning for apples, though that could be counterbalanced by the opportunities and market control that is possible with new varieties.

The challenges for cherries appear to be fewer during this period of strong growth in cherry acreage and production - growth made possible by the adoption of new cherry varieties by growers. The combined industry faces many challenges that are outside of

These challenges make it more important than ever for growers to seek out information and act on maximizing productivity (yields) and quality fruit.

Understanding markets and meeting the essential product standards will be important to success for tree fruit operations. Industry associations have placed a large effort into maintaining adequate labour for the horticultural and harvest activities. As one grower recently said ‘Thank good-

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It is not challenge - BC has some built-in advantages. The dry interior climate, Summerland Varieties Corporation, and the Sterile Insect Release Program are competitive advantages. While many government regulations could impinge on the success of the industry, it is my experience that there are many more politicians and government managers and staff who have the best interests of the industry at heart. We may not always agree on how to make the industry successful, but we all want it to succeed.

Another challenge for the tree fruit sector is the ‘infrastructure deficit’. The challenge for apples is the renewal of old packinghouses storages, grading lines and the expan-

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sion of existing infrastructure, while cherries grading and storages must be expanded. With low interest rates for borrowing, new federal tax rules that benefit accelerated capital cost allowances, and possible access to the AgriInnovate program, infrastructure investment should be one of the hurdles that is low enough to clear easily, but the planning process is slow. The Tree Fruit Competitiveness Fund hopes to address the slow pace of change by assisting with funding for planning.

Potential Remedial Actions Identified in Strategic Choices and Directions Grower Level • Adjustments (sometimes major) to varieties grown.

• Improve yields and fresh packouts • Manage to the goal: generate enough surplus that can be reinvested in continually upgrading the orchard.

• Commitment to continual improvement.

• Work with like-minded growers. Call upon outside resources to help the group.

• Consider organization in new ways to help growers reach international competitiveness, including younger growers.

Packing and Storage • OTFC storage and packing capacity with renewed infrastructure, including a financial plan supported by grower members.

• Gain support for substantial subventions in infrastructure renewal from the BC or Canadian governments.

Marketing • Improve consistent packs.

• Adopt and focus marketing efforts on new varieties.

Industry Structural Changes • Centralizing storage and packing operations appears to be the right direction for apples.

• Ensure that marketing is not subsidiary to storage and packing operations.

Communications • “Even the best communication skills cannot compensate for the lack of good news.” Announce positive steps to change

the outlook and attitudes of industry participants.

• Implement a grower program to help improve orchard operations. e.g Australia’s Apple and Pear Association Limited (APAL) “Future Orchards” and Pipfruit New Zealand’s “Apple Futures” program.

Faced with many hurdles and challenges, apple growers will naturally question what the future holds. Adopting new varieties is expensive and risky, even with the assistance of the Tree Fruit Replant Program. While many export cherry operations have expanded acreage and consolidated further, this option is not open to the many of BC cherry and apple producers with relatively small acreages compared to international competitors, and the possibility of consolidating smaller agricultural parcels in the Okanagan is limited. Even so, there are many examples of consolidation of smaller parcels into moderate-sized operations. The previous solution for smaller Okanagan farms was to consolidate the packing effort through cooperative organizations. But basic issues for the growers participating in cooperatives must be addressed.

The industry strategy update says “While average yields are important, the quality of those yields is even more important to grower returns.” Growing that new variety is not enough tree fruit producers must achieve high yields, high quality, and all while juggling new labour regulations (a Temporary Farm Labour Employer Registry is being introduced by the province) and costs (minimum wages are increasing). Rallying around the directions in the Strategic Choices and Directions recommendations will help overcome hurdles and bring new vitality to the tree fruit sector.

Fortunately, the Tree Fruit Competitiveness Fund is taking some steps in making the tree fruit sector as competitive as it can be, by making investments in developing markets, new research projects, and infrastructure planning. More government subvention may be needed. Much remains to be done at the initiative of individual growers and industry organizations - ‘dispatch is needed’. ■ Glen Lucas, General Manager, BCFGA

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Berries and BC Bud Emissions Impossible Four Fab Fruit Wineries ALR Review Behind Closed Doors 2015 BUYERS' GUIDE Arctic Apple Approved How Wine Came to Lillooet Growth in Similkameen Wineries The Family That Farms Together...

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Converting to Cannabis Creating a Succession Plan New Fraser Valley Winery Diversification at Davison

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Innovation at Dhaliwal Farms Growing Better Trees Sperling Vineyard Going Organic Keeping an Eagle Eye on Pest Control The Challenge of Selling Wine to China

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