JUNE • JULY 2015 | OURHEALTHLBSS.COM
The Resource for Healthy Living in Lynchburg & Southside
also:
A Closer Look at the Stomach and
Wellness in the Workplace
table of contents | june • july 2015
24 MEDI•CABU•LARY.....................12 Local experts define health related terms
JUST ASK!.......................................14 Healthcare questions answered by local professionals
The Anatomy: Taking a Closer Look at the Stomach To learn more about the stomach’s role, how it works and the conditions that affect it, OurHealth turned to experts at Gastroenterology Associates of Central Virginia.
NEW & NOTEWORTHY.............16 A listing of new physicians, providers, locations and upcoming events in Lynchburg and Southside Virginia
HEALTH POINTS........................ 20 Interesting facts and tidbits about health
THE ANATOMY CHALLENGE................................. 23 How much do you know about Our Anatomy? In this issue, test your knowledge when it comes to the STOMACH.
NUTRITION........................................................................35 HEALTHY EATS: OurHealth staff favorite recipes that are sure to please your palate! Greek Country Salad, Crab Cakes, and Vegan Mango Peach Crisp use great local ingredients!
FIT BITS!..............................................................................40 Stretch it Out! Did you know that regular stretching is just as important as regular exercise?
coming in the next issue 8
OurHealth | The Resource for Healthy Living in Lynchburg and Southside
The Resource for Healthy Living in Lynchburg and Southside
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Take Care of Your Health, Man!
OurHealth speaks with area physicians about health conditions that commonly affect men and how to prevent them. Here’s what they have to say.
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Wellness in the Workplace A major goal for wellness at work programs is to show employees the path to a healthy lifestyle and encourage health and wellness on a daily basis.
hello, HEALTH!.............................. 52 Capturing the spirit of those working in our local healthcare and of people leading healthy lives through photos.
BEST THE EIGHTH ANNUAL
LOOKING BACK...........................66 Images reflecting the landscape of healthcare in Lynchburg and Southside * PLUS * a chance to win prizes!
BEDSIDE MANNER
AWARDS
IN LYNCHBURG AND SOUTHSIDE
WI NNERS ANNOU NC ED IN T HE D EC EM B ER 2015 ISSUE www.ourhealthlbss.com www.OurHealthVirginia.com
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The Resource for Healthy Living in Lynchburg and Southside
june • july 2015
read this edition of
OurHealth Lynchburg and Southside
on your tablet or smartphone
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McClintic Media, Inc. Steve McClintic, Jr. | steve@ourhealthvirginia.com Jennifer Hungate Deidre Wilkes Laura Bower Karrie Pridemore Joe Palotas Next Generation Designs Jourdan Markey
CONTRIBUTING MEDICAL EXPERTS & WRITERS Mark Blanchette, DDS, MS Carrie Cobb, FAAD Brian Jalbert, PA-C Michael Robertson, MD John Wallman, PT, CGFI CONTRIBUTING PROFESSIONAL WRITERS Suzie Galvez Heather Pippen Suzanne Ramsey Edwin Schwartz Deidre Wilkes
ADVERTISING AND MARKETING Cynthia Trujillo | Senior Media Consultant P: 434.907.5255 | cindy@ourhealthvirginia.com
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COMMENTS/FEEDBACK/QUESTIONS We welcome your feedback. Please send all comments and/or questions to the following: U.S. Mail: McClintic Media, Inc., ATTN: Steve McClintic, Jr., President/ Publisher/Editor: 303 S. Colorado Street • Salem, VA 24153. | Email: steve@ourhealthvirginia.com | Phone: 540.387.6482 Ext. 1 Information in all print editions of OurHealth and on all OurHealth websites (websites listed below) and social media updates and emails is for informational purposes only. The information is not intended to replace medical or health advice of an individual’s physician or healthcare provider as it relates to individual situations. DO NOT UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES ALTER ANY MEDICAL TREATMENT WITHOUT THE CONSENT OF YOUR DOCTOR. All matters concerning physical and mental health should be supervised by a health practitioner knowledgeable in treating that particular condition. The publisher does not directly or indirectly dispense medical advice and does not assume any responsibility for those who choose to treat themselves. The publisher has taken reasonable precaution in preparing this publication, however, the publisher does not assume any responsibility for errors or omissions. Copyright © 2015 by McClintic Media, Inc. Reproduction in whole or part without written permission is prohibited. OurHealth Lynchburg/Southside is published bi-monthly • Special editions are also published • McClintic Media, Inc. • 303 S. Colorado Street, Salem, VA 24153, P: 540.387.6482 F: 540.387.6483. MAIN: ourhealthvirginia.com | ourhealthswva.com | ourhealthlbss.com | ourhealthrichmond.com | ourhealthcville.com | Advertising rates upon request.
The Resource for Healthy Living in Lynchburg and Southside
Local health. Anywhere you go. OurHealth magazine is Lynchburg & Southside’s only resource entirely dedicated to delivering information about local healthcare services and healthy living topics. Pick up our print edition at more than 900 locations throughout the area or get the digital edition by visiting www.ourhealthlbss.com.
LOCAL EXPERTS D E F I N E H E A LT H R E L AT E D T E R M S
What is congenital cytomegalovirus? Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections occur when the mother is infected during her pregnancy with the CMV virus. The highest transmission to the fetus occurs when the mother has her first infection during pregnancy and is lower if the maternal infection is not her first. Most maternal CMV infections produce mild or no symptoms. Maternal infection most often occurs from close contact with children, particularly children attending daycare. Although most babies with congenital CMV are asymptomatic, 10 percent of congenitally infected babies are symptomatic. It affects 0.6 to 0.7 percent of births. Congenital CMV is the most common non-genetic cause of sensorineural (neurologic) hearing loss and the most frequent viral cause of mental retardation. Newborns are not routinely screened for CMV infection, but infants who fail their hearing test are screened. There are additional finds at birth that may prompt screening. Antiviral medication is available which can improve hearing in some newborns. Michael Robertson, MD Women’s Health Services of Central Virginia Lynchburg | 434.239.7890 www.whsvc.com
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OurHealth | The Resource for Healthy Living in Lynchburg and Southside
What is scleroderma?
What is pruritis?
Scleroderma is a chronic, autoimmune, connective tissue disease, which can affect multiple organs, but commonly involves the skin. It affects approximately 300,000 Americans and is most often diagnosed in adulthood. There is no known cause of scleroderma.
Pruritus is a sensation that causes the desire to scratch. This sensation can be intermittent or persistent. The source of the itch often can be an irritation of the skin from a variety of sources, including but not limited to, insect bites and allergic/ irritant skin reactions.
Scleroderma is divided into two categories: localized (skin only) or systemic (involves multiple organs). In the skin, scleroderma appears as skin-colored or light areas, that are firm to the touch and feel “bound down”. The most common systemic symptoms are Raynaud’s phenomenon (pain and discoloration of the fingers and toes in response to cold temperatures), gastrointestinal reflux and difficulty swallowing.
Occasionally, however, pruritus can be a manifestation of a systemic disease. Therefore, it’s important to see your provider to evaluate your particular case so they can focus the treatment plan on the possible underlying sources.
The diagnosis of scleroderma is made based on symptoms, as well as blood tests, and sometimes biopsies. Prognosis depends on the extent of the disease as well as the organs involved. While there are treatments for scleroderma, there is currently no cure. The treatments are guided by the organs involved and other patient factors. The Scleroderma Foundation is a good resource for patients and family members seeking more information. Carrie Cobb, FAAD
RidgeView Dermatology Lynchburg |434.363.4190 www.ridgeviewdermatology.com
Brian Jalbert, PA-C
Dermatology Consultants Lynchburg | 434.847.6132 www.dermconsultant.com
GIVINGBACK
Insight Imaging
TO THE COMMUNITY Presented by OurHealth Magazine
Partnering With a Passion
Just as Insight Imaging focuses on providing excellent patient-centered care, their employees are encouraged to take time to focus on their community. Employees of Insight Imaging in Roanoke took time over the winter volunteering with the local chapter of Habitat for Humanity. Over the course of several weeks, employees enjoyed wall painting, tile floor installation and staining and sealing a back deck. All of this was done in the name of creating a home for a mother and her three children. “It’s a great project, and we were thrilled to be involved with it this year and hope to do it again next year. We’re just really excited to see the family in their home for Christmas,” says Luci MacCormack, account executive at Insight Imaging in Roanoke. Caring for their neighbors and actively participating in community development is just one of the many ways Insight Imaging gets a chance to give back to the community.
For more information on services provided by Insight Imaging, call 540.581.0882 or visit www.mycdi.com/roanoke.
H E A LT H C A R E QUESTIONS ANSWERED BY LOCAL PROFESSIONALS
What are some of the benefits of aquatic therapy for people with arthritis? There is no doubt that patients diagnosed with arthritis can experience pain and discomfort every day. The pain can range from mild to severe and can significantly limit activities of daily living. It is important for patients to maintain as much range of motion and strength to their involved joints as possible. A great way to achieve this is with aquatic therapy performed in a heated therapeutic pool that is at least 86 degrees. It is an extremely beneficial and gentle treatment modality that can assist the patient in a more efficient and less painful way to exercise versus land based activities. The biggest benefit of aquatic therapy is the elimination of the effects of gravity on the joints. Less body weight equals less stress on the joints, which provides less pain, greater ease of movement and a more gentle way to strengthen muscles. Most of the time, exercises that cannot be done on land can be done with success in the water. John Wallman, PT, CGFI
Rehab Associates of Central Virginia Lynchburg | 434.528.1848 www.racva.com
What are some hobbies or activities that can stimulate the mind and help with memory as a person ages? We all know that exercise makes us healthier and stronger. Weight bearing, anaerobic exercises strengthen our muscles, while aerobic exercises strengthen our cardiovascular system. There are also “brain exercises” we can do to stimulate our minds and help improve our memory as we age. These activities may also maintain the highest functioning level for those with mild cognitive impairment and early stages of Alzheimer’s disease. Pick at least one of these activities or try several: learn to play an instrument, learn a foreign language, work puzzles (suduko, crossword, jigsaw), learn a new card game, learn a new word every day, use mnemonic devices to memorize by associating what you want to commit to memory with a clue. Neurobic exercises should not be overlooked because they stimulate more chemicals in the brain and create new pathways by performing tasks in a new way. Use these tips to get you started: try driving a different way to work, brushing your teeth with your non-dominant hand, completing a series of tasks with your eyes closed, or shopping without a list. Heather Pippen, Licensed AL Administrator/Activity Consultant Certified Executive Director Heritage Green Assisted Living Communities Lynchburg | 434.333.0503 www.heritagegreenal.com
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OurHealth | The Resource for Healthy Living in Lynchburg and Southside
What are some causes of malocclusion of the teeth? The term malocclusion literally means “bad bite”. Malocclusions are most often inherited however some may be acquired through habits such as thumb or finger sucking, tongue thrusting, mouth breathing or the premature loss of teeth from periodontal disease or injury. Inherited malocclusions are often demonstrated by too much or too little space in the dental arch which results in either crowding or spacing. Inherited conditions can also affect how the teeth and jaw relate to one another and such conditions can be observed as an overbite, an underbite, an open bite or a deep bite. Malocclusion cannot only affects the appearance of the teeth but more importantly the fit, function and overall health of the teeth, bone and gingival tissues. An orthodontist can be very helpful in diagnosing and treating a variety of malocclusions. The American Association of Orthodontists recommends an evaluation for all children by the age of seven. Mark Blanchette, DDS, MS Blanchette Orthodontics Lynchburg | 434.846.4014 www.blanchetteortho.com
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NEW
NOTEWORTHY
NEW PHYSICIANS, P R O V I D E R S , L O C AT I O N S AND UPCOMING EVENTS
Chamber of Commerce Ribbon Cutting Ceremony at Lynchburg Treatment Center The Lynchburg Chamber of Commerce recently held a ribbon cutting ceremony at Lynchburg Treatment Center. This new opioid addiction treatment center has only been open a short time, but has already proved to be successful at helping individuals throughout the community overcome opioid dependency problems. Lynchburg Treatment Center is a medication assisted treatment program for those who are struggling with an addiction to heroin, morphine, or prescription pain medications. The Lynchburg Treatment Center offers men and women medication assisted treatment options, including methadone, Vivitrol, and Subutex in combination with various therapeutic approaches including group and individual therapy. Furthermore, each patient will receive personalized case management and treatment plans, which will provide them with the skills needed to remain successful throughout the recovery process. In order to receive treatment at Lynchburg Treatment Center, patients much be at least 18 years of age and must have been addicted to opioids for at least a year before seeking treatment. If you or someone you know could benefit from the program please contact Lynchburg Treatment Center at 434.439.3283.
The Hillcats Team Up with Children's Dentistry & Orthodontics of Lynchburg Children’s Dentistry and Orthodontics of Lynchburg is not only committed to providing excellent patient care to children and teens, but also enjoys promoting health events in the community that are good for children. For a third year, Shepherd Sittason, DDS and Keith Pyle, DDS with Children’s Dentistry & Orthodontics of Lynchburg sponsored two games for the Lynchburg Hillcats in support of 'Hit the Books' reading program. The 'Hit the Books' program encourages children from area schools to read and win tickets to a Lynchburg Hillcats baseball game. More than 13,000 tickets are awarded every year to local students and their families to enjoy these fun filled evenings. For more information, visit www.lynchburg-hillcats.com or www.smilelynchburg.com
Centra Opening Lynchburg Medical Center this summer
Lynchburg will be receiving a 46,500 square-foot medical center on Nationwide Drive this summer. Centra Lynchburg Medical Center will include a relocation of the current Centra Medical Group Lynchburg Internal Medicine practice. The medical center will house primary care, diabetic endocrinology, an in-house laboratory, x-ray services, bone density and physical therapy by Centra Rehabilitation. The new facility will add primary care providers to care for new patients. The project will be completed in June. For more information, visit www.CentraMedicalGroup.com.
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OurHealth | The Resource for Healthy Living in Lynchburg and Southside
Centra Medical Group Announces New Diabetic Endocrinologist John Clore, MD, has joined Centra Medical Group. Dr. Clore is providing endocrinology services at Centra Medical Group – Lynchburg Internal Medicine, located at 1901 Thomson Drive, Lynchburg. He is accepting new patients, and appointments can be made by calling, 434.200.3908. Dr. Clore, who will also provide adult diabetic and prenatal diabetic care, earned his medical degree from the Medical College of Virginia. He completed his internship and residency at Medical College of Virginia. His fellowship was in endocrinology and metabolism. He is board certified with a special interest in diabetic endocrinology. For more information, visit www.centrahealth.com.
Growing Lynchburg Practice Celebrates New Office Opening A growing dental practice welcomed community members and business leaders to an official ribbon cutting and open house earlier this spring. Lynchburg Dental Center (LDC) not only celebrated a 40th anniversary this past year, but also broke ground on a new facility. Patients are now being treated at the new location, just a few miles from the previous location on Old Forest Road. LDC has been serving the needs of patients in the greater Lynchburg area since 1974. As dental technology has improved and evolved, so have the services offered to their growing patient base. The expanding team at LDC has a mission to serve each patient with the most sophisticated technology to achieve optimal results. Carrington Crawford, DDS, owner of LDC adds, “Our team is very experienced. We continuously further our education to bring our patients the latest advancements and to provide maximum comfort. Our new facility will help us accomplish just that.” LDC continues to offer comprehensive exams, hygiene services, treatment of periodontal (gum) disease, extractions, implants, fillings, oral surgery, whitening, and crown and bridge work. In addition, they feature digital radiography and screenings for oral cancer. The LDC team is also experienced in other sophisticated, cosmetic and restorative procedures. For additional information, please visit: www.lynhchburgdentist.com.
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NEW
NOTEWORTHY
NEW PHYSICIANS, P R O V I D E R S , L O C AT I O N S AND UPCOMING EVENTS
The SBA Richmond District Office Announces Virginia’s 2015 Small Business Person of the Year The U.S. Small Business Administration’s Richmond District Office proudly announces P. Tulane Patterson, the CEO and Owner of Generation Solutions Holdings, Inc. located in Lynchburg and Roanoke, as Virginia’s 2015 Small Business Person of the Year. “We are very excited to have Tulane Patterson as Virginia’s Small Business Person of the Year. He is the embodiment of an exceptional small business owner,” said SBA Richmond District Office’s District Director Carl Knoblock. “His leadership and drive have helped Generation Solutions to grow during some of the most challenging economic times. He has never lost sight of his most important asset his employees - which in turn, give great care to the customers.” Generation Solutions was founded in 1998 at their current Lynchburg headquarters. A year later, they opened their Roanoke office enabling services to be provided throughout the Shenandoah and Roanoke Valleys. Generation Solutions was chosen through a competitive selection process. Judging criteria include: staying power, growth in the number of employees, increase in sales, financial performance, innovativeness of products and services offered, response to adversity, and contributions to the community.
Jefferson College of Health Sciences Hosts Inaugural Education Foundation Luncheon Jefferson College of Health Sciences recently held its inaugural Education Foundation Luncheon with world-renowned poet, author, and Virginia Tech Distinguished Professor Nikki Giovanni. The most prestigious award given by the Jefferson College of Health Sciences Alumni Association, the Distinguished Alumni Award is given to a member of Jefferson College’s alumni body who has achieved national, regional, statewide, or local prominence either in their professional fields or through their involvement in civic, cultural, or charitable activities. Mr. E.W. Tibbs, President and CEO of Centra Health, and Mr. David Hoback, Chief of the City of Roanoke Fire/ EMS Department were named the 2015 recipients of the Distinguished Alumni Award. Mr. Tibbs is a two time graduate of the College’s Nursing program, and Chief Hoback is a graduate of the College’s Emergency Services program. For more information on these recipients and the Alumni Awards Program, visit www.jchs.edu/alumni.
John Clore, MD,
Endocrinology Centra Medical Group – Lynchburg Internal Medicine Lynchburg | 434.200.3908 lim.centrahealth.com
Clair McStacy, CNM
Centra Medical Group – Women’s Center Forest | 434.385.8948 forestwomen.centrahealth.com
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OurHealth | The Resource for Healthy Living in Lynchburg and Southside
Carrie Cobb, MD, FAAD
RidgeView Dermatology Lynchburg | 434.363.4190 www.ridgeviewdermatology.com
Leah Miller, CNM
Centra Medical Group – Women’s Center Forest | 434.385.8948 forestwomen.centrahealth.com
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T I P S , T I D B I T S A ND MO R E TO IN F O R M A ND ENT ERTA I N YO U
A SNAPSH
OT
DIABETES
IN THE UNITED STATES
MEN’S HEALTH
DIABETES
29.1 MILLION
29.1 million people have diabetes
That’s about 1 out of every 11 people
1 4 OUT OF
do not know they have diabetes
TYPES OF DIABETES
TYPE 1
BODY DOES NOT MAKE ENOUGH INSULIN
More than 18,000 youth diagnosed each year in 2008 and 2009
• Can develop at any age • No known way to prevent it
In adults, Type 1 diabetes accounts for approximately
5%
of all diagnosed cases of diabetes
TYPE 2 BODY CANNOT USE INSULIN PROPERLY • Can develop at any age • Most cases can be prevented
Currently, at least 1 out of 3 people will develop the disease in their lifetime
More than 5,000 youth diagnosed each year in 2008 and 2009
Learn More at www.cdc.gov/diabetes/prevention or Speak to your Doctor
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OurHealth | The Resource for Healthy Living in Lynchburg and Southside
FACT OR MYTH? Men who wear briefs have fewer sperm. Myth. Although prolonged high temperatures may affect sperm count, the evidence that wearing briefs leads to lower sperm counts is inconsistent. Hats and/or blow dryers can cause baldness. Myth. There’s no evidence that wearing a hat or using a blow-dryer causes baldness. Men hit their sexual peak at 18. Fact. This is true, at least regarding a man’s supply of testosterone, which peaks at 18. The more you shave, the thicker your beard will be. Myth. The size and shape of our hair follicles determine the thickness and texture of our hair — whether it is thick and coarse or thin and fine. Men can get breast cancer. Fact. Men can get breast cancer, but it’s rare. The lifetime risk is estimated to be about one in 1,000 men.
help for
’ ear Swimmers
*****
FASCINATING
FACT
Swimmer’s ear (also known as otitis externa) is an infection of the outer ear canal. This condition is most prevalent during the summer months, when we tend to spend a lot of time submerged in pools, lakes and oceans. Although all age groups are affected by swimmer’s ear, it is more common in children and can be extremely painful.
Do’s and Don’t’s to Protect Yourself and Your Family from Swimmer’s Ear: Do:
• Keep your ears as dry as possible. Use a bathing cap, ear plugs, or custom-fitted swim molds when swimming. • Dry your ears thoroughly after swimming or showering.
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• Tilt your head to hold each ear facing down to allow water to escape the ear canal. Pull your earlobe in different directions while the ear is faced down to help water drain out. • If there is still water left in ears, consider using a hair dryer to move air within the ear canal. Put the dryer on the lowest heat and speed/fan setting; hold it several inches from the ear.
MUSCLES TO
but
SMILE,
43 TO
FROWN *****
DRINK UP!
Don’t: • Put objects in the ear canal
(including cotton-tip swabs, pencils, paperclips or fingers).
The human body can only survive for two days without fluids.
• Try to remove ear wax. Ear wax helps protect your ear canal from infection. If you think that the ear canal is blocked by ear wax, consult your healthcare provider.
The James River Splash & Dash
It only takes
The James River Splash & Dash in Lynchburg is a one-ofa-kind 2-mile trail run that includes a flat water tube down the James River. Participants run down the paved path on Percival’s Island, navigate an uneven trail with obstacles of all kinds before hitting the water with a tube. For more information and to register, visit www.jrsplashanddash.org
Percival’s Island 5-miler
Date: Time: Location:
Contact Riverside Runners at: info@riversiderunners.com for more information.
Saturday, August 1st 4:00 pm Percival's Island 1600 Concord Turnpike, Lynchburg, VA
Date: Time: Location:
Saturday, July 18th 8:00 am Percival’s Island Nature Trail (Downtown Lynchburg) 1600 Concord Turnpike, Lynchburg
Lynchburg is known as the “Hill City”, but this course is flat, flat, flat! The start/finish is located at the Blackwater Creek Natural Area Percival’s Island in downtown Lynchburg and the course follows the Blackwater Creek Bikeway, a paved rails to trails path along the James River. A bit longer than a 5k but without the effort of a 10k. To many, 5-miles is considered by many the perfect distance.
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OurHealth | The Resource for Healthy Living in Lynchburg and Southside
the
Anatomy
For answers, visit OurHealth
Lynchburg & Southside’s Facebook page at
CHALLENGE How much do you know about the
Stomach? First, complete the
word search below. Next, match up the correct word with the part of the body in the illustration.
[ the Amazing Stomach ]
WORD SEARCH Antrum
Longitudinal Layer
Body (of Stomach)
Lower Esophageal Sphincter
Cardia
Mucosa
Circular Layer
Muscularis Propria
Duodenal Bulb
Oblique Layer
Duodenum
Pyloric Sphincter
Esophagus
Pylorus
Fundus
Serosa
Gastric Rugae Greater Curvature
Submucosa
Lesser Curvature
____________________
____________________ ____________________
____________________ ____________________ ____________________
____________________
____________________ ____________________
____________________ ____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________ ____________________
____________________ ____________________ ____________________
____________________ ____________________ www.OurHealthVirginia.com
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taking a CLOSER
LOOK at the
STOMACH words | EDWIN SCHWARTZ
Many people think of the stomach as the organ that digests food. But the stomach mainly serves as a holding tank that only begins the digestive process. To learn more about the stomach’s role, how it works and the conditions that affect it, OurHealth turned to an expert at Gastroenterology Associates of Central Virginia.
What is the stomach? The stomach is a part of the gastrointestinal tract that begins at the mouth and continues though the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and rectum and ends in the anus. The stomach is the only part of the GI tract that is not a long tube. Rather, it is a hollow, muscular, J-shaped reservoir that receives ingested food from the esophagus, retains it and passes it along to the small intestine. The average adult stomach can hold as much as 1.5 liters when fully expanded. According to Robert D. Richards, Jr., MD, a board-certified gastroenterologist with Gastroenterology Associates of Central Virginia, the stomach is like a crumpled bag that expands and accepts large or small meals in a process called receptive relaxation.
The stomach’s role in the digestive process The stomach serves three essential functions: (1) it acts as a storage reservoir for food, (2) it grinds and churns food into small particles and (3) it releases these particles in a controlled manner into the small intestine for further digestion and absorption. “The real breakdown and absorption is in the small intestine,” says Dr. Richards. “The stomach initiates the digestive process as it secretes acid that sterilizes food and kills bacteria.”
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Parts of the stomach The anatomical sections of the stomach are the cardia, fundus, body and antrum, along with the end portion, a muscular valve called the pylorus.
Breaking down how the stomach breaks down food Digestion begins in the mouth with chewing, to form smaller particles and increase their surface area and saliva, which begins the breakdown of carbohydrates. Once food reaches the stomach, strong muscular contractions (peristalsis) further grind the contents and mix them with stomach (gastric) juices. This forms a liquid mixture of particles (chyme) that is released into the small intestine in a regulated manner for further digestion and absorption.
Cardia The cardia is a short section near the top of the stomach where it meets the esophagus. It is the opening that allows food to pass down into the stomach.
Fundus The fundus is the upper part of the stomach, next to the cardia. Its main function is to send a signal to the brain to stop eating.
Body The body of the stomach is the midportion, and it is involved with the reservoir function. Most of the stomach’s parietal and chief cells are located in the body. Parietal cells secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor, which is essential for the proper absorption of vitamin B-12. This production of hydrochloric acid is the primary secretory function of the stomach. It begins to break everything down and is helpful in killing bacteria or infectious agents. Chief cells ultimately make pepsin, a potent enzyme for the predigestion of protein. This process occurs as the chief cells secrete pepsin in the form of pepsinogen, an inactive enzyme. The hydrochloric acid then converts the pepsinogen into the active enzyme pepsin.
Antrum This is the lower portion of the stomach where the food is mixed with gastric juices. The antrum is the motor of the stomach that grinds and smashes food into smaller pieces in a churning cycle that lasts up to four hours after a meal. Here, the stomach also contains G cells that secrete a hormone called gastrin that travels by blood to regulate acid secretion by cells of the upper portions of the stomach. Gastrin is the most potent stimulator of acid secretion.
Pylorus The pylorus is the end portion of the stomach, located at the junction of the stomach and small intestine. It acts as a valve that regulates the emptying of the stomach contents. The pylorus usually stays closed but opens periodically to let a small amount of food into the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine. This food is called chyme — a thick, semifluid mass of partially digested food. “The small intestine wants to receive babylike food with the consistency of applesauce,” says Dr. Richards. Robert Richards, Jr., MD with Gastroenterology Associates of Central Virginia, is certified by the American Board of Internal Medicine with a subspecialty in Gastroenterology.
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Layers of the stomach wall There are four layers to the stomach. The mucosa is the innermost later. It is secretory in nature and is in contact with the lumen (the open cavity that fills the stomach).
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OurHealth | The Resource for Healthy Living in Lynchburg and Southside
Beneath the mucosa is the submucosa, a layer of dense, connective tissue that provides structural support and blood supply. The mucosa and submucosa are responsible for acid and digestive enzyme secretion, intrinsic factor release and digestive hormone release (such as gastrin). The muscularis propria is the muscle layer. It grinds food into smaller particles and controls the release of these particles into the duodenum. As the muscle relaxes, the stomach distends and stores food. Contraction of the muscle is essential for grinding, mixing and delivering the gastric contents to the small intestine. The outside layer is the serosa, which is a thin, strong layer of connective tissue that covers the muscle layer. The serosa does not aid in the digestive process, but its slippery surface protects the stomach from friction.
Conditions that affect the stomach Gastritis Gastritis occurs when the mucosa layer of the stomach lining becomes inflamed. Symptoms may include epigastric (above the stomach) abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting or bloating. The most common causes of gastritis are Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. H. pylori is a rod-shaped bacteria that lives in the mucus layer above the stomach lining. It is less common in developed countries like the United States because it is spread by contaminated food or water. Treatment for gastritis may include antibiotics for an H. pylori infection, an acidsuppression medication such as a proton pump inhibitor or discontinuing the use of NSAIDs like aspirin and ibuprofen.
Why does my stomach growl? No, it isn’t expressing itself. It’s a normal — although sometimes embarrassing — process called “borborygmi.” The rumbling sounds come from the GI tract as the pylorus valve opens, and a mixture of air and fluid pushes chyme through the small intestine.
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Peptic ulcer disease Peptic ulcer disease occurs when the stomach acid and pepsin successfully penetrate the stomach or intestinal lining causing ulcers to develop. The disease is defined as a break in the mucosa layer of the stomach lining or the duodenum. Ulcers can cause abdominal pain, nausea and, in some cases, bleeding. Occasionally the ulceration can go through the full thickness of the stomach or duodenum and cause a perforation in the stomach or intestinal lining. The two most common causes of ulcers are H. pylori infection and the use of NSAIDs. “H. pylori is a huge cause of peptic disease,” says Dr. Richards. “By finding it and eradicating it, we can greatly reduce the risk of developing an ulcer or getting another.” The arrival of proton pump inhibitors has revolutionized ulcer treatment and has almost eliminated the need for surgery. The healing process also includes stopping NSAIDs and eradicating H. pylori infections with antibiotics. “Proton pump inhibitors work dramatically well at healing ulcers and preventing them if you have high risk,” says Dr. Richards.
Gastric cancer
Ulcer myths One of the most common stomach myths has to do with ulcer formation. For the record, daily stress will not cause ulcers. Also, hot and spicy foods and beverages will not cause ulcers, but they may irritate an existing one.
Gastric cancer, or stomach cancer, is one of the most common forms of cancer. The disease was the leading cause of cancer death worldwide until being overtaken by lung cancer. H. pylori infection is a risk factor for stomach cancer. It also runs in families independent of H. pylori infection, which suggests a genetic predisposition to gastric cancer. Surgery, often combined with chemotherapy, is the primary method of treatment for stomach cancer.
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Gastroparesis
Can eating less shrink your stomach? Contrary to popular belief, reducing portion size will not cause one’s stomach to shrink. Rather, reducing food intake affects the levels of hormones such as leptin and ghrelin — known as the appetite hormone — causing the appetite to decrease.
Gastroparesis, or stomach paralysis, is a condition where the stomach empties slowly. Its symptoms can include nausea, vomiting or feeling full after eating a small amount. Normal stomach emptying is a complex process that coordinates the gut’s nervous system, the pacemaker cells of the stomach (called the interstitial cells of Cajal) and the smooth muscle that lines the stomach. With gastroparesis, this coordination is disrupted because the number of pacemaker cells is reduced. Gastroparesis is most commonly associated with diabetes or past stomach surgery, but its cause may be unknown. It can be diagnosed using a gastric emptying scan — a radiology test that measures stomach emptying. Treatment includes avoiding foods that delay gastric emptying, such as fat and fiber. Eating smaller, more frequent meals is also recommended.
Remember the stomach during recovery from activity The reason fat and fiber cause the stomach to empty slower is because fiber requires more churning, and fat must be processed more carefully in the small intestine. For a faster recovery after athletic training, drink fluids and take carbohydrates with a little protein and no fat. Try to postpone eating foods like peanut butter.
Maintaining a healthy stomach Our stomachs are complex reservoirs that hold our food, break it down and regulate its continuation along the GI tract. As with many intricate systems, the stomach has a sensitive nature. So pay attention to the signs it gives and seek assistance from a gastrointestinal specialist if you notice something irregular.
Expert contributor: • Robert D. Richards, Jr., MD, with Gastroenterology Associates of Central Virginia
Sources: • Mayo Clinic – www.mayoclinic.org • American College of Gastroenterology – www.gi.org
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HealthyEats Fruits and vegetables have a prime time when they are at their seasonal best. Some are great for over half of the year; others only hit their peak for a month. Either way, peak season means extra flavor, extra crunch, extra juiciness—all super-fresh and
Greek Country Salad 3 cucumbers 1 red pepper 1
yellow pepper
1 pint Cherry tomatoes 1 red onion diced 1 tablespoon mint, minced
great value. Shopping seasonally not only help your budget, but offers a great way to add variety to you diet. Visit your local health foods store or farmers market to find farm ripened, fresh picked produce.
Dressing:
Directions:
1 cup olive oil
1. In a medium bowl, prepare salad ingredients and set aside.
1/3 cup red wine vinegar 1 tablespoon Dijon mustard 1 tablespoon garlic 1 teaspoon basil
2. In a small bowl, combine dressing ingredients and stir. 3. Pour over salad ingredients and toss. Can be served at room temperature.
Salt and pepper to taste.
Âź cup Kalamata olives, pitted & halved 1 cup feta cheese diced.
OurHealth Staff Favorite
GREEK COUNTRY SALAD for more recipes follow us on Pinterest or visit our website at ourhealthlbss.com
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HealthyEats Crab Cakes Ingredients: 3 cans lump crab meat 1 egg ¼ cup gluten free bread crumbs 1 teaspoon dill ¼ cup mayo 1 tablespoon lemon juice ¼ cup onion ¼ cup celery 1 tablespoon olive oil 1 teaspoon Old Bay ¼ teaspoon onion powder ¼ teaspoon garlic powder 1 teaspoon Worcestershire
Handful of chopped scallion & parsley
A pinch of black pepper
A pinch of cayenne pepper
Directions: 1. Preheat oven to 350º F. 2. Sauté the onion & celery in the butter over medium heat until onions are clear. 3. Squeeze the crab meat and place in a medium bowl. 4. Add the egg, bread crumbs, mayo and remaining ingredients. 5. Mix in sautéed onions & celery. 6. Form into 2 ½” patties. 7. Bake on middle rack for 15 minutes.
OurHealth Staff Favorite
YUMMY CRAB CAKES for more recipes follow us on Pinterest or visit our website at ourhealthlbss.com
HealthyEats Vegan Mango Peach Crisp
3. There should be no pockets of butter.
Filling Directions:
(Gluten Free)
4. Set aside while preparing filling.
1. Preheat oven to 350º F.
Crumb Topping Ingredients:
2. Toss fruit with cornstarch and spices, coating evenly.
Filling Ingredients:
4 cups GF oats
2½ pounds frozen mango
2 cups Bob’s Gluten Free Flour
2½ pounds frozen peaches, cut into smaller pieces
1 teaspoon cinnamon ½ teaspoon salt 2 tablespoons orange juice 15 ounces Earth Balance Vegan Butter
Zest of one orange
Crumb Topping Directions:
3 tablespoons cornstarch 1
4. Pour filling into ungreased pan 9 x 13 distributing evenly. 5. Sprinkle crumb topping over filling, lightly pressing down.
teaspoon cinnamon
1 t teaspoon salt 2/3 cup agave syrup (can substitute maple syrup if desired)
3. Add syrup and juice. Mix evenly to coat.
6. Bake about an hour to an hour and 15 minutes until bubbling around edges. Juices will thicken upon cooling.
Remaining juice of zested orange
1. Toss together dry ingredients. 2. Work butter, zest and juice into dry, using hands until it forms a uniform dough.
OurHealth Staff Favorite
VEGAN MANGO PEACH CRISP for more recipes follow us on Pinterest or visit our website at ourhealthlbss.com
FITBITS
H EA LT H A ND F I T NES S O N THE GO
S tretch i t Ou t !
Did you know that regular stretching is just as important as regular exercise? Many people neglect this aspect of their fitness regime, because they don’t understand that stretching has major benefits. Hopefully these reasons will inspire you to make it part of your schedule!
Deidre Wilkes, AFAA, ACSM, Certified Personal Trainer Deidre is a certified personal trainer with more than 15 years experience in the health and fitness industry. She is the resident fitness specialist for OurHealth Lynchburg & Southside.
*Consult with your physician/provider before beginning any new fitness program.
Benefits of stretching: • Improves flexibility (increases range of motion). • Assists in correct posture by lengthening tight muscles that pull areas of the body away from their intended position.
Here are a few simple stretches for the core and lower body that can be done after each workout:
Cat/Cow stretch • back and abdominals
• Reduces risk for injury by keeping muscles loose.
Cobra stretch
• Increases blood and nutrient supply to muscles, thereby possibly reducing muscle soreness.
• abdominals
Tips for effective stretching: Skip the Pre-Workout Stretch
Seated side stretch
• Muscles should be warm before you begin your stretching. Do a warmup before a workout that simulates the movements you’ll be doing in order to prepare your body. Movements such as walking or marching in place are great examples. Stretch after the workout when your muscles are already warm.
• obliques (side of abdominals)
Focus on the Muscles That Need the Most Help
Hamstring stretch • back of legs
• Instead of trying to stretch your whole body after every workout, focus on a key area of the body each time. Spend longer on each stretch and include more stretches for that specific area. If you are aware of muscles that are tight, then focus on those. 40
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Child’s pose • shoulders, chest and abdominals
RLY FORME GE ID BLUE R F: BEST O NT ME RETIRE G LIVIN S AWARD
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Take care of
MAN! words | SUZANNE RAMSEY
In a filing cabinet at my house, there’s a 2-inch-thick manila folder labeled “Suzanne Medical” that contains documentation from a decade or so of medical appointments — mammograms, annual physicals, that time I thought I had a gallstone, you name it. And my husband’s file? What file? It’s no secret that men are known for not seeking medical help until a limb is dangling or they’re bleeding to death or both. But like women, they’re not immune to health problems. In fact, WebMD reports that “of the 15 leading causes of death, men lead women in all of them except Alzheimer’s disease, which many men don’t live long enough to develop.”
Reprints To order reprints of the original artwork featured on this issue’s
So, for all the wannabe Supermen out there, OurHealth talked with area physicians about health conditions that commonly affect men and how to prevent them. Here’s what they had to say.
cover, contact Deidre Wilkes at 540.387.6482 or via email at deidre@ourhealthvirginia.com. To view additional work by our artist, Joe Palotas, visit www.salemartcenter.com
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More about low-dose CT screening In August 2011, the National Cancer Institute released results from its National Lung Screening Trial, a randomized clinical trial that screened at-risk smokers with either low-dose CT or standard chest X-ray. The study found that screening individuals with low-dose CT scans could reduce lung cancer mortality by 20 percent when compared to chest X-ray. Michael J. O’Neill, MD, is a radiation oncologist at Centra’s Alan B. Pearson Regional Cancer Center. He is certified by the American Board of Radiology in radiation oncology.
Source: American Lung Association
Lung Cancer The American Cancer Society says 1 in 13 men will be diagnosed with lung cancer during his lifetime. This includes smokers and nonsmokers, although a smoker’s risk is much higher than a nonsmoker’s. When asked about risk factors, physicians say smoking is most often to blame. “The No. 1 cause of lung cancer in men and all people is smoking,” says Michael J. O’Neill, MD, a radiation oncologist at Centra Alan B. Pearson Regional Cancer Center. Secondhand smoke exposure also increases risk, adds Dr. O’Neill, and “occupational exposures, such as asbestos, chemicals or radon can increase the risk of developing lung cancer as well, but play a much smaller role.” Symptoms of lung cancer include things one might expect, such as coughing up blood or shortness of breath, and more subtle things, like unexplained weight loss, chronic pneumonia, fatigue, chest pain, difficulty swallowing or a chronic cough. Or, there may be no symptoms. “Unfortunately, lung cancer can often be silent, even though it’s at an advanced stage,” Dr. O’Neill says. For current or former smokers who are older than 55, Dr. O’Neill recommends low-dose computed tomography, or 44
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CT, screening. According to the American Lung Association, the purpose of a CT screening test is to identify the presence of cancer in an individual who does not have any symptoms.” As for prevention, physicians say the best thing men can do is to quit smoking or never start. “Stopping smoking will significantly decrease the chance of developing lung cancer in addition to other serious medical problems, like heart attacks, strokes and emphysema,” Dr. O’Neill says. “It’s never too late to quit, and there are a lot of resources available to help men be successful in quitting. Helping young men quit smoking before it becomes a habit will stop thousands of lung cancers from growing.” •••••
Heart Disease and Stroke According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, heart disease is the leading cause of death for men in the United States, killing 307,225 men in 2009, which translates to 1 in 4 male deaths. The CDC reports that 70 to 80 percent of sudden cardiac events occur in men, and half of the men who die suddenly of coronary heart disease have no previous symptoms. Nevertheless, there are symptoms. “The classic symptom is intermittent exertional pain in the center of the chest,” says Matthew Huffman, MD, a cardiologist with Centra’s Stroobants Cardiovascular Center. “However, sometimes shortness of breath, heartburn, nausea, vomiting, sweating, lightheadedness or pain or tingling in other areas, such as the neck, back, jaw or arm, can be caused by heart blood vessel blockages. “Younger people may never have symptoms until they have a heart attack. Therefore, it’s important to identify a heart attack that can involve any or all of these symptoms where the symptoms don’t resolve within a few minutes of resting.”
What causes a stroke? Stroke can be caused by a blocked blood vessel in the brain (called an ischemic stroke) or a vessel that bleeds in the brain (called a hemorrhagic stroke). In both cases, these vessels are usually arteries. Source: Neurology Associates of Lynchburg www.OurHealthVirginia.com
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Be FAST to recognize stroke FAST is an easy way to remember the sudden signs of stroke. When you can spot the signs, you’ll know that you need to call 9-1-1 for help right away.
FAST is: F — Face Drooping: Does one side of the face droop or is it numb? Ask the person to smile. Is the person’s smile uneven? A — Arm Weakness: Is one arm weak or numb? Ask the person to raise both arms. Does one arm drift downward?
S — Speech Difficulty: Is speech slurred? Is the person unable to speak or hard to understand? Ask the person to repeat a simple sentence like, “The sky is blue.” Is the sentence repeated correctly? T — Time to Call 9-1-1. If someone shows any of these symptoms, even if the symptoms go away, call 911 and get the person to the hospital immediately. Check the time so you’ll know when the first symptoms appeared. Source: American Stroke Association
Risk factors range from obvious things, such as being overweight, to simply being male. “There are an assortment of risk factors that increase the likelihood of the disease, some that can be modified and some that cannot,” Dr. Huffman says. “Although one’s age and genetics have significant influence, lifestyle is an important factor. Smoking significantly increases the possibility of heart disease and is the easiest risk factor to modify.” As for avoiding heart disease, Dr. Huffman recommends making healthy choices. “Establishing a healthy lifestyle is foundational,” he says. “Regular exercise, a healthy diet with lots of fruits and vegetables, maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding tobacco and illicit drugs, as well as excessive alcohol, are key. I recommend having an established relationship with a trusted primary care provider who can assist in lifestyle management but also can monitor blood pressure, cholesterol and blood sugar.” Heart disease also puts men at risk for stroke.
Matthew Huffman, MD, is a cardiologist with Centra’s Stroobants Cardiovascular Center. He is certified by the American Board of Internal Medicine with a subspecialty in cardiovascular disease.
According to the medical team at Neurology Associates of Lynchburg, men younger than 75 years old have a higher incidence of stroke than women. Risk factors are generally categorized into those we can change (modifiable) and those we can’t change (nonmodifiable). “Across all races and sexes, advancing age is the biggest risk factor for stroke," explains Peter Konieczny, MD of Neurology Associates of Lynchburg. "More research is now being done into the genetic causes of stroke as well. Undiagnosed and poorly managed high blood pressure is probably the biggest stroke risk that could be modified. Other modifiable stroke risk factors include high cholesterol levels, smoking, diabetes, physical inactivity and obesity, especially in the older population.” To prevent stroke, Dr. Konieczny also recommends that men have regular checkups with a primary care physician and take medicines exactly as directed, including medication to control blood pressure and cholesterol, blood thinners such as aspirin to prevent clots, and medicine that helps to normalize blood sugar. Physicians also recommend that patients make healthy lifestyle choices, such as not smoking, getting regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, eating a healthy diet that’s low in salt, limiting alcohol and stress, and getting enough sleep. ••••• www.OurHealthVirginia.com
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What is major depression? Most people feel sad or low at some point in their lives. But major depression — also called clinical depression — is marked by a depressed mood most of the day, particularly in the morning, and a loss of interest in normal activities and relationships — symptoms that are present every day for at least two weeks. Source: WebMD
Depression and Suicide The CDC reports that men are about four times more likely than women to die from suicide. Men account for more than 79 percent of all U.S. suicides. Why do approximately 31,600 men kill themselves each year in the U.S.? The online support group Suicide.org says that untreated depression the No. 1 cause of suicide. Peter Betz, MD, medical director of geriatric psychiatry for Centra’s Piedmont Psychiatric Center, calls major depression “a serious and indiscriminate illness” that has no regard for race, gender, education or socioeconomics. Dr. Betz says that women have a higher incidence of major depression than men — a 2-1 ratio, to be exact. So why do more men than women succeed in killing themselves? “The reason there is such a great difference in the suicide rate between genders is directly related to the means of attempted suicide,” Dr. Betz says. “Women tend to try and kill themselves by overdose, which is hard to do and leads to unsuccessful attempts. Men tend to try and kill themselves with much more violent means, such as by gunshot.” Depression often goes undiagnosed, sometimes because of the stigma associated with mental illness.
Peter Betz, MD, is the medical director of geriatric psychiatry for Centra’s Piedmont Psychiatric Center. He is certified by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology with a subspecialty in geriatric psychiatry.
What are symptoms of depression? • Low mood or irritable mood most of the time. • Trouble sleeping or sleeping too much. • A big change in appetite, often with weight gain or loss. • Tiredness and lack of energy. • Feelings of worthlessness, self-hate and guilt. • Difficulty concentrating. • Slow or fast movements. • Lack of activity and avoiding usual activities. • Feeling hopeless or helpless. • Repeated thoughts of death or suicide. • Lack of pleasure in activities you usually enjoy, including sex. Source: U.S. National Library of Medicine
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“The onset of major depression is often very insidious and progressive,” Dr. Betz says. “It’s commonly misunderstood and under-recognized. Because of the stigma associated with mental health, major depression — as an illness — is rarely the first thought to who that suffer with this illness or those who are providing care to these individuals. Unfortunately, those that suffer from major depression are frequently very resistant to the diagnosis and treatment.” Oftentimes, too, the symptoms of depression are chalked up as normal reactions to unpleasant life experiences, such as death of a loved one. “The largest issue that causes major depression to be under-recognized is that its symptoms are often explained away as the normal emotional experience of grief or sadness,” Dr. Betz says. “When someone has a bad life experience, it’s normal to be sad about that event. However, when that sadness is pervasive and persistent and severe enough that it impairs one’s quality of life, it’s more likely that is major depression than simple sadness. “This is one setting, differentiating major depression from grief, where consultation from a psychiatrist can be helpful. We have many treatment interventions, both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic. An expert in the field of depression can often create a personalized treatment plan to address a patient’s symptoms in the most effective way.” •••••
Diabetes According to the 2014 National Diabetes Statistics Report, more than 29 million people — more than 9 percent of U.S. adults — have diabetes. Of these, 15.5 million are men, and most are Type 2 — what used to be called adult-onset diabetes. John Clore, MD, Centra endocrinologist and internal medicine physician, says, “There’s no gender differential in the incidence or prevalence of diabetes,” but there are a few things that could increase a man’s “relative risk” of developing diabetes, compared to women. www.OurHealthVirginia.com
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What is diabetes? Diabetes mellitus refers to a group of diseases that affects how the body uses blood sugar (glucose). Glucose is vital to health because it’s an important source of energy for the cells that make up muscles and tissues. It’s also the brain’s main source of fuel. Diabetes, no matter what type, means there is too much glucose in the blood, although the causes may differ. Too much glucose can lead to serious health problems. John Clore, MD, is a new endocrinologist with Centra Medical Group. He will be treating patients in both Lynchburg and Farmville. Dr. Clore is certified by the American Board of Internal Medicine with a subspecialty in endocrinology and metabolism.
Source: Mayo Clinic
“Of course, a family history is one of the strongest risk factors for Type 2 diabetes mellitus,” he says. “And as men age, their lack of physical activity certainly increases the risk further, both because of the lack of activity and the weight gain that usually accompanies it. “For men in particular, a reluctance to see their health care provider on a regular basis means that appropriate screening, which could identify diabetes early, would be missed. In addition, men often dismiss the symptoms of diabetes, such as blurry vision, frequent urination and fatigue, as symptoms of the aging male. Lastly, sleep apnea is a common occurrence in men, which increases the risk of diabetes and/or makes it more difficult to manage.”
Peter Gibbs, MD is a family practice physician with Centra Lynchburg Internal Medicine. Dr. Gibbs is certified by the American Board of Family Medicine.
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Asked about risk factors, Peter Gibbs, DO, with Centra Lynchburg Internal Medicine, simplified things. “The primary factor for the development of Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the combination of poor lifestyle choices and genetics,” he says. “A great quote is, ‘Genetics loads the gun and lifestyle pulls the trigger.’ In other words, we cannot change what we’re born with, but how we conduct our life can have a huge influence on how our health develops.” With that in mind, Dr. Gibbs recommends that patients maintain a healthy weight, particularly avoiding abdominal weight gain, exercise regularly to keep muscles metabolically active and utilizing sugar in the body optimally and avoid a sedentary lifestyle, which is so common in our society today.
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Warning signs of diabetes • Increased thirst. • Increased hunger (especially after eating). • Dry mouth. • Frequent urination or urinary tract infections. • Unexplained weight loss (even though you are eating and feel hungry). • Fatigue (weak, tired feeling). • Blurred vision. • Headaches. Source: WebMD
Drs. Clore and Gibbs also recommend patients eat a healthy diet. Combined with exercise, this has been shown to reduce diabetes risk. “Although difficult for all of us, efforts to increase physical activity by walking at least 150 minutes a week have been shown to be highly effective,” Dr. Clore says. “Coupled with a diet which limits simple sugars and increases consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables, the risk of diabetes can be reduced by 58 percent.” •••••
Skin Cancer The Skin Cancer Foundation estimates that melanoma, a deadly form of skin www.OurHealthVirginia.com
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What is basal cell carcinoma? Basal cell carcinomas are abnormal, uncontrolled growths or lesions that arise in the skin’s basal cells, which line the deepest layer of the epidermis (the outermost layer of the skin). Basal cell carcinomas often look like open sores, red patches, pink growths, shiny bumps or scars and are usually caused by a combination of cumulative and occasionally intense sun exposure. Basal cell carcinoma almost never spreads (metastasizes) beyond the original tumor site. Only in exceedingly rare cases will it spread to other parts of the body and become life-threatening. It shouldn’t be taken lightly, though: It can be disfiguring if not treated promptly. Source: Skin Cancer Foundation
cancer, will kill 6,640 men in 2015, and that basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas — the most common types of skin cancer — affect more men than women. According to the Foundation, “Squamous cell carcinomas are at least twice as frequent in men as in women, partly because of more time spent in the sun.” Ask dermatologists and they’ll tell you the sun — more specifically, ultraviolet or UV light — is most often to blame for skin cancers.
Jason Givan, MD, is a dermatologist at RidgeView Dermatology. He is certified by the American Board of Dermatology and by the American Board of Internal Medicine.
Both the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the World Health Organization have classified artificial tanning devices, which mimic sunlight, as known carcinogens (known to cause cancer). This is the same classification given to cigarettes and radioactive plutonium. Source: Jason Givan, MD
“By far, the primary factor that causes skin cancer is exposure to ultraviolet light,” says Jason Givan, MD, of RidgeView Dermatology. “UV light is produced by the sun and by artificial tanning devices, also known as tanning beds. It is known to cause skin cancer and it’s estimated that about 90 percent of skin cancers are caused by UV light exposure. In fact, more people develop skin cancer from tanning than develop lung cancer from smoking.” Less often, genetics or exposure to other types of radiation — radiation therapy used to treat other cancers, for example — may cause skin cancer, Dr. Givan says. Symptoms vary. With basal and squamous cell carcinomas, Dr. Givan says the first signs may be a new bump or lesion that doesn’t go away. “They may be smooth or rough, may become crusted or scabbed, and are often pink or red. They do not heal with time, or they may seem to heal but then later return at the same location. As with all skin cancers, this area of skin may be sore or painful, but more often there is no tenderness or pain.” Melanoma, on the other hand, “can develop as a new growth or from an existing mole,” he says. It’s often dark in color and can be brown, black or even other colors, such as blue or red. Moles that have been present on the skin but start to change in any way may be a sign of early melanoma. “Examples of a change in a mole include increase in size, change in color, bleeding, crusting or scabbing and new itching, burning or pain. In summary, any new or changing skin lesion in an adult may be concerning and should be brought to the attention of a dermatologist.” Asked about prevention, Dr. Givan recommends avoiding the sun between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., wearing hats and UV-blocking clothing, and using sunscreen rated SPF 30 or greater on a daily basis, regardless of weather.
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What is squamous cell carcinoma? Squamous cell carcinoma is an uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells arising in the squamous cells, which compose most of the skin’s upper layers (the epidermis). Squamous cell carcinomas often look like scaly red patches, open sores, elevated growths with a central depression, or warts; they may crust or bleed. They can become disfiguring and sometimes deadly if allowed to grow. Source: Skin Cancer Foundation
“Daily application is recommended, since the harmful, cancer-causing rays of the sun reach the earth and our skin every day, no matter the season, air temperature, brightness or cloudiness of the day or any other weather condition,” says Dr. Givan. “The face, scalp of those with thinning hair, ears, necks and backs of the hands are areas that are especially prone to sun damage over time. These areas should be especially protected. Since a tan is actually the skin’s protective mechanism following too much exposure to UV light, it’s important to know that there is no safe tan.” •••••
Prostate Cancer Turn on the television and you’re bound to see ads touting the latest treatments for erectile disjunction, low testosterone and other men’s health
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What is prostate cancer? Prostate cancer occurs in a man’s prostate gland — a small, walnutshaped gland that produces the seminal fluid that nourishes and transports sperm. Source: WebMD
Robert Cook, MD is a urologist with Centra’s Seven Hills Urology. He is certified by the American Board of Urology.
issues. It appears, at least on TV, that men are all too happy to visit their urologist — at least when it comes to taking care of ... well, you know. While sexual dysfunction has received wide media exposure, there are other conditions that should prompt a visit to the urologist, among them prostate cancer. The American Cancer Society reports that prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in American men after skin cancer. The organization estimates that 220,800 U.S. men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2015, and about 27,540 men will die from the disease. According to the ACS, 1 in 7 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer at some point in his life. Unfortunately, physicians say there’s not much one can do to avoid prostate cancer if he is genetically predisposed to getting it. “The best way to prevent prostate cancer is to pick the right parents and to not live long,” says Robert Cook, MD, of Centra Seven Hills Urology. “One is impossible and the other is not desirable.” He says the primary risk factors for prostate cancer “are age and hereditary in nature” but that it has been difficult to pinpoint any direct causes of the disease. “Men who have a family history of prostate cancer are at increased risk for the disease,” he says. “We know African-American men are at increased risk, and they tend to have more aggressive disease. Asian men living in Asia tend to have lower risk for developing it, but that risk seems to increase as they move to and adopt a Western lifestyle. “It is felt that a lifestyle with decreased exercise, along with increased dietary fats, refined sugars and calorie intake, may have a role. While obesity has not been shown to be a cause for developing prostate cancer, it does put one at increased risk for death from prostate cancer,” says Dr. Cook.
What is prostate-specific antigen testing? A prostate-specific antigen test measures the amount of prostate-specific antigen in the blood. PSA is released into a man’s blood by his prostate gland — a small, walnutshaped gland that produces the seminal fluid that nourishes and transports sperm. Healthy men have low amounts of PSA in the blood, but the amount of PSA in the blood normally increases as a man’s prostate enlarges with age. Source: WebMD
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When asked about prevention, Dr. Cook says, “A heart-healthy diet is felt to be a prostate-healthy diet.” He also recommends exercise and controlling weight. Other things that may help include adding soy, omega-3 fatty acids and lycopene to the diet, all of which are thought to contribute to good prostate health. There are also medications used to treat benign enlargement of the prostate that might reduce risk, Dr. Cook says.. “However, in at least one study, while the number of cancers were decreased, the cancers that were found were of higher grade and therefore more aggressive. The jury is still out on these medications and using them for prostate cancer protection.” According to Dr. Cook, about 70 percent of men diagnosed with prostate cancer don’t experience symptoms, making early detection important. He recommends regular rectal exams and prostate-specific antigen, or PSA, testing. If cancer is diagnosed, there are numerous treatment options, among them laparoscopic surgery, radiation therapies, cryotherapy and hormone therapy. Sometimes, physicians might take a wait-and-see approach. “There are a number of different treatment options for prostate cancer,” Dr. Cook says. “The choice of how to treat prostate cancer depends on the stage of the disease, as well as the age and overall health of the patient. If one’s life expectancy is less than 10 years, then in general, active surveillance with no treatment is recommended as long as the patient is asymptomatic.”
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OurHealth staff photographer, Shawn Sprouse caught up with area runners and walkers and captured some great highlights of the morning!
The Appalachian Power Festival Run in Roanoke is one way Appalachian Power gives back to the entire community. This annual race in Downtown
Roanoke, produced by Virginia Amateur Sports is the premiere running event for western Virginia, and offers a little something for everyone. Whether a seasoned competitor or a first time runner, the 5K and 10K courses alongside the Roanoke River and through downtown Roanoke highlight some of the best views in the region! The highlight of this year’s event was the spectacular weather! With warm temperatures and sunshine, walkers and runners were treated to a great start to a long Memorial Day Weekend!
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Wellness in the Workplace words | SUZIE GALVEZ
In ancient China, it is said that a doctor was paid as long as his patient was well. When the patient became ill, the doctor was not paid, for he hadn’t done his job. Wellness at work programs can be considered the modern day equivalent of the ancient Chinese physician. A major goal for wellness at work programs is to show employees the path to a healthy lifestyle and encourage health and wellness on a daily basis. Corporate wellness programs are designed to help employee morale and prevent health issues such as chronic stress, high blood pressure, diabetes, heart conditions, and other illnesses. Many of the diseases that lead to employee disabilities, workers compensation, absenteeism, and inability to perform at optimum levels are related to lifestyle choices. Lifestyle and posture are learned behaviors that can be altered and reconditioned. You might be thinking that it is the employee, not the employer, who should be taking ownership of their health. That is true, but sedentary lifestyles due to working at a desk for eight or more hours a day without implementing any type of stress relief or exercise certainly hasn’t helped. Continuance will only lead to illness, which will affect the company in the form of sick days, and extended absences. The trend is catching on, as workplace wellness programs are becoming more widespread throughout the country. The bottom line of these programs is healthy employees who tend to be happier and more productive employees.
The benefits for employers are obvious. The company is provided with strategic advantages by investing money in a program that will hopefully bring them lowered expenses in return, often in the form of better performing workers, lower absenteeism…and lower healthcare costs. Employees are the most valuable asset any company has. By providing workers with wellness services, companies are improving wellbeing and job satisfaction, as well as raising retention rates. The welfare of the employees has a direct impact on the success of the company. So, why should you, as an employee, take advantage of your workplace wellness program? If you’re already doing the “right stuff,” then wellness at work will help keep you on the healthy path you’ve chosen. And if you are not at your personal best, then a wellness program can help you change in multiple ways—from learning to eat healthy, improving your sleep quality, increasing your exercise, changing habits such as excessive drinking, or helping to quit smoking to lowering your risk for chronic diseases! Using a wellness program can make positive change happen. Not only will you be more able to complete your job responsibilities, but you will also have more energy and vigor to give to your family and friends when you get home. Another great benefit of wellness programs is a built-in sense of camaraderie with your coworkers. You’ll have a chance to experience activities with them that aren’t related to work, whether in a walking club or sports team, by lunch together, or by going to the gym. Social support is a very important part of weight loss and getting fit. By interacting with co-workers, you’ll have others to give you encouragement when you need it, as well as to hold you accountable to your goals. Plus, you’ll be motivated by seeing other’s positive results. By using a wellness program, you will be an important part of the team. If you are fortunate enough to have a workplace wellness program, by all means take advantage of it! If a wellness at work program is not offered at your company, here are some wellness ideas you might want to 62
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suggest that are easy to do and are low to no cost for your employer to help you and your company get on the wellness track. • Anytime is a good time for fresh starts, healthy new habits, and lifestyle improvements! • Conduct an employee interest survey • Post healthy tips on your intranet, company newsletter, and bulletin boards • Host monthly lunch & learns with local health and wellness companies to come in and teach workshops on wellness topics • Hold a health fair with a variety of preventive screenings • Offer ergonomic workspace assessments • Offer health risk assessments
A healthier, more motivated workforce is a happier, more productive workforce. Centra Panoramic offers customizable wellness solutions to meet organizational needs, goals, and budget. Year-round corporate plans can include any number of services, such as:
• Consulting/Program Assessment
• Schedule workshops on relaxation, stress management, and work life balanced topics • Offer free chair massages once a quarter • Encourage employees to sign up for community walks or fitness events • Negotiate corporate discounts to health and wellness companies • Create smoke free grounds So there are a dozen ideas to get your employer started. Feel free to add any ideas that you think would be a good fit for your company and its’ employees!
Remember – your health and wellness matters to you and to your employer!
• Biometric Screenings • Participation and Program Tracking • Challenges and Wellness Events • Wellness Coaching for Employees • Employee Flu Shots • Lunch and Learns For more information, visit www.centrapanoramic.com
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What year was this photo taken? (hint: These nurses are working in the dietetics lab at Virginia Baptist Hospital) Post the correct answer on our Facebook page by July 7th, 2015.
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