O.N.E - March 2010

March 2O1O

The month of March marks International Women's Day (8 March) and World Water Day (22 March).

This edition of O.N.E presents women workers in Indonesia, water work in Cambodia, our gender advisor in Mainland China, and more. Above, Nguyen Thi Diu holds her ID card. She lost everything else in a flood.

Photo Š Martin Parr / Magnum Photos / Oxfam

ONE PERSON in China Chung Lai Shan ‘Shan’ as I call her, is one of the hardest people for me to reach.

She is based in Beijing, and I in Hong Kong.

with farmers and migrant workers, with women and men and children and elderly people and people with disabilities and more.

She travels around China, visiting

Now and then, we also write for

projec t sites, working alongside

O.N.E, like now, as March 8th marks

co m m u ni t y g ro u p s , fa cili t a tin g

International Women’s Day. The year

workshops, speaking at conferences,

2010 also marks ‘Beijing + 15’ – back

and more. I, as the agency’s in-house

in 1995, a landmark conference on

editor, am here by the computer

women was held in the capital city that

screen almost all the time.

galvanized the whole NGO movement

Shan’s last trip that I know of, in December 2009, was to Uganda

In Uganda: Shan takes a moment from her workshop to make contact with a young girl

across China, not just the women’s movement.

for a workshop on methodology of

We were recently writing about

empowering women and men. There

HIV-AIDS prevention in the China-

was almost no access to the Internet,

Myanmar border region. About 85

so there was silence for a while.

per cent of China’s HIV-AIDS cases

here might run the risk that to change

Shan is dedicated to the cause.

Shan is one of the best editors

are in rural areas, and women are at

the situation, we need to mobilise the

During the lunar new year holidays,

I know, so as an editor myself, I

particular risk. It was noted that as

ones with power because they can

she was working on training materials

always enjoy communication with her.

farmers, women are very busy working

help the powerless. Or it might imply

that incorporate gender sensitive

She carefully measures each word,

in the fields and selling their produce

that women in a low status have no

practices into population and family

and the idea and belief within each

at the market, among other work,

contribution to improve the situation.

planning. The materials will be used

word. While my main priorities are

paid or unpaid. Because of this, they

So, shall we put it clearly, such as: ‘We

by government officials and women’s

on accuracy, clarity and readability,

may not be able to afford the time to

need to educate the men that it is also

groups alike.

Shan seems to view texts from a

attend educational activities run at

their responsibility to reduce the risk

sense of power structures – within

community centres. Shan made it clear,

of spreading HIV-AIDS’.” I agreed.

an individual, an institution, and

clearer, that programmes need to be

Shan works on a wide range of

there are ideas not just for one day,

society. The ‘institution’ could be an

carefully designed to fit the women’s

issues and with various groups. In

but for a full week of events and

NGO, marriage, a governmental body,

schedules and their needs and that the

2008 and 2009, for instance, Oxfam’s

activities to enhance the visibility of

family...

activities need to empower women.

gender programme suppor ted a

rural women in the whole society,

Looking ahead to the International Day of Rural Women, on 15 October,

As the agency’s point person on

My first draft for the article read,

nationwide campaign against gender-

and to empower them, for each and

gender issues in mainland China,

“In some minority cultures, such as the

based violence. Over 30 groups and

every day.

Shan is working with me on a book

Tai, women have a very low status, so it

institutions from over 10 provinces

about the countr y’s pover ty and

is important to educate the men, too.”

joined, culminating in 16 days of

development, in rural and urban areas,

Shan replied, rightly, “The expression

events, from 25 November to 10 December 2009. Each of the 30 groups used the same slogan, ‘Eliminate

China Programme Officer on Gender, Chung Lai Shan is based in Beijing. Oxfam Hong Kong began supporting projects in Mainland China in 1987. Visit www.oxfam.org.hk for more information, and in Mainland China, please visit www.oxfam.org.cn. She was in (email) conversation with Madeleine Marie Slavick, editor of O.N.E.

Gender-based Violence, Build Up Equal Relationships’. The target audience: youth.

A current three-year initiative is in villages across Hebei, a province in the north. Communities are opening small resource centres as a place for women to meet, plan their projects, band together against gender discrimination, and more. Facilities will include libraries and space for activities from training sessions to recreational events.

A poster for a 16-day campaign against gender-based violence and for equal relationships

O.N.E March 2O1O

WHAT TO SAVE, WHAT TO LOVE Martin Parr in Vietnam “The danger with NGO photography,” Martin Parr says, “is that it has the potential to all look the same…. My job is to try and do something different.”

typhoons. Instead, he asked people what they save when a flood is on the way, and why that object is so important to them.

So, when the internationally renowned photographer was asked by Oxfam

These ten poignant stories are from Quang Tri, a coastal province in central

to document climate change in Vietnam, he did not direct his camera to homes

Vietnam. Many of the homes here have a loft or a mezzanine floor where families

standing in eight feet of floodwater, or farmland destroyed by the last of many

stay when it floods.

Phan Thanh Hieu, 59 / TV

Ba Hoang Kha, 72, and Hoang Thi Lieu, 37 / everything

“I used to be a fisherman, but now I'm not fit enough so I make and repair

“When the floods come we take everything - rice, clothes, cooking pans - up

fishing nets. My TV set is my most valuable possession when the storm comes. I

to the platform, and there's no space - we can't lie down, only sit. We stay up

bought it two years ago for 2,000,000 dong (US$108). I had to save money for

there for five days during the floods, and we have no electricity.”

several years. The TV means I can listen to the weather forecast and evacuate on time. I enjoyed it when I bought it, I could follow the news, and keep informed about the weather. It's getting warmer these days, and we get more frequent storms. Typhoons can happen every year, and they didn't in the past. I don't know much about the cause, but what I can say is we suffer more from the impact of these typhoons.”

O.N.E March 2O1O

Phan Thi Huong, 15 / school books "If I didn’t bring my books I’d have

Gia Khai, 60, and Thom, 58 / wedding bed

nothing to study. Usually during the

"It was a happy day [the wedding

floods we can’t go to school. During

day, in 1973]. We gave flowers and

the last typhoon, school was closed

rings to each other. Now, when a flood

for a week."

comes, we float the bed in the garden and tie it to a tree to protect it.”

Nguyen Thi Diu, 58 / ID card

Ba Hoang Kha, 72 / TV

“I lost everything in the 1999

"My son gave me the TV two years

floods and now I have nothing, just

ago so I could watch the news, but it's

my ID card. My husband died in 1973,

small and it's black and white, so it's

and my two children have moved away

difficult to see anything! But it was a

but have no jobs. I need my ID card to

gift, so I look after it. I take it up to

be able to collect the money they send

the platform when the floods come.

home to me.”

I'd feel sad if I lost it. It has spiritual value as my son has been away from home for 20 years."

Hoang Thi Lieu, 37 / rice cooker “During floods I take my rice cooker up to the mezzanine, even though I can't use it as there is no electricity when the floods come. I need to keep it safe, and stop it from washing away. We are a poor family, and this rice cooker is very precious to us, even though it may not be to people who are better off. I'd feel sad if it was washed away or broken. We'd have to use wood to cook, which takes more time.”

Nguyen Thi Hoa, 28 / food, 2 pans, vegetables, fuel and a lamp “I am so poor… I don't know how I'll pay off the debts.”

O.N.E March 2O1O

Le Hoai Thuong, 56 / metal detector

Ho Thi Du, 70 / clothes

As rice crops get repeatedly washed away by floods, and people search for

“The flood came so quickly, and the water so fast, that I had to be evacuated

alternative sources of income, Thuong goes looking for unexploded ordnance

from my house… When I returned, the roof was destroyed and everything seemed

in the nearby jungle. He risks his life for bullets and bombs that he can sell as

to have been washed away by the big waves. The only thing left was my bed and

scrap metal.

table that I'd weighed down with bricks.”

With a long coastline and millions of people living in low-lying delta regions, Vietnam is a country at risk from climate change, and reducing that risk is a component of Oxfam Hong Kong’s programmes. Oxfam runs training sessions in evacuation procedures, basic first aid, and in early weather warning systems.

Children are also learning how to swim.

All of this training, and more, is vital. Many people in Quang Tri are in serious

Oxfam Hong Kong began working in Vietnam in 1988, with a current priority focus on the provinces of Ha Tinh, Nghe An, Quang Tri and Dak Nong, and to assist women and ethnic minorities. In 2008, the agency developed a comprehensive strategy to address climate change in Vietnam. To view more photographs on some of this climate change work: http://www.flickr.com/ photos/46751514@N06/sets/72157623168447887/ To join Oxfam’s campaign against climate change: http://www.oxfam.org.hk/climatechange For a story on climate change in Quang Tri by the United Nations Populations Fund: http://asiapacific. unfpa.org/public/cache/offonce/pid/4369;jsessionid=DFDF5E32493F1B501B99996E3D80F66

debt as they have been borrowing huge sums of money to replace crops, repair

To view Martin Parr’s series of 21 photographs, visit: http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/ gallery/2009/dec/08/martin-parr-floods-vietnam?picture=356391515

houses and send their children to school.

Martin Parr’s photographs © Martin Parr / Magnum Photos / Oxfam.

The trend, in Quang Tri as well as in many areas around the world affected by climate change, is that men tend to migrate to the cities in search of jobs, while the women tend to work in the hometown, taking on all the responsibilities of farming the land, taking care of livestock, collecting water and firewood, raising the children, and often working as day labourers to earn cash.

People in Quang Tri accept the idea that climate change is here to stay. They know that weather is no longer predictable and that flooding can happen at almost any time. In late September 2009, Typhoon Ketsana affected three million people and killed 163 people, including 10 people in Quang Tri. Typhoon Mirinae

Children in Dong Thap Province learning how to swim

struck in November and claimed about 100 lives.

Hai Lang District, Quang Tri: Journalists visit Oxfam's project site to document the impacts of climate change and to highlight communitybased disaster risk reduction work / Photo: Nguyen Thi Hoang Yen / Oxfam

O.N.E March 2O1O

Jobs in Indonesia: Permanent, Contract or None?

SERANG, WEST JAVA: Labour protest at a garment factory that terminated 71 workers

By Fauzan Mahdami Director, Sedane Labour Resource Centre West Java, Indonesia

The ASEAN China Free Trade Area agreement, or ACFTA, became effective on 1 January 2010 between the ten members of ASEAN and Mainland China. China-ASEAN relations began in 1990 when China expressed interest in cooperating with ASEAN, and by 2000, China proposed a free trade area with the ten ASEAN states. In 2004, Economic Ministers of China and ASEAN signed a trade agreement which eventually led to ACFTA. Civil society groups in ASEAN states and in Mainland China have been concerned about trade liberalisation through ACFTA and its trial Early Harvest Program. They call for trade policy to benefit poor people and reduce poverty, not cause more poverty. Oxfam Hong Kong research in Mainland China, for example, has documented how the surge of tropical fruit imported from ASEAN countries has impoverished fruit farmers in Guangxi, a province of China that borders Laos and Vietnam.

The following article prepared by the Sedane Labour Resource Centre reveals how workers in the manufacturing sector – primarily women – are being affected in Serang, a city south of Jakarta.

The news made Nurhayati feel powerless. It ruined her plans of starting a new job in just a couple of weeks. The newspaper article stated that Indonesia would open its doors to freely imported products from China, through the signing of the ASEAN China Free Trade Area agreement, or ACFTA. To respond to this new and grand comp e titor, many companie s in Indonesia, particularly in the textile industry, announced they would pause their production. Nurhayati’s company in Serang was one of these businesses.

“I used to work as a permanent labourer, then I was terminated in May

O.N.E March 2O1O

2009,” Nurhayati says. “Afterwards, I

Nurhayati, Sumiyati and many

six. After one contract is finished,

government on this crisis can be seen

worked on a contract basis. Now I’m

other workers in the cities of Java feel

the company makes a new one, not a

as acceptance.

jobless. It will be difficult to get a new

as if they are walking a steep slope. It

renewal of the first one. There is also

Many companies may not dare to

job, even by contract.”

goes very fast when the road declines,

usually a one-month no-pay break

compete with China’s products; this

but painfully slow on the incline. When

between the contracts. The Labour Act

is understandable. Instead, it is likely

Abdurrahman Wahid was alive and

requires that a labourer be designated

that they will transform themselves

well as President, from 1999 to 2001,

as a permanent labourer after two

from a manufacturing business to a

life was slightly better. (He died in

years of working, so the company uses

retail one (of the imported Chinese

December 2009.)

the contract mechanism to avoid this.

goods). In such a scenario, there will

Nurhayati’s company has used this

be more unemployment because

system since 2004.

trading and retail need a smaller

The first setback happened in 2004, when the Joint Ministerial Decree was issued, enabling companies to use

To transform their employee base,

workforce compared to manufacturing

contract labour on a massive scale:

companies apply several tactics. The

many companies duly transformed

first one is mass termination, stating

Nurhayati says, “Wow, if factories

their workforce. Before 2004, 70 per

deficit financial conditions as the main

are shut down, it will be very difficult

Nurhayati, 28, is from Madiun,

cent of Indonesia’s employees had a

reason. Some companies even declare

for us to find a job… I don’t even dare

a town in East Java. She came to

permanent job; now, in 2010, about

bankruptcy, although formally, only

to think about it!”

the bigger city of Serang in West

95 per cent are employed on a short-

the cour t s can authorise such a

Sedane Labour Resource Centre

Java in an effort to improve her

term contract basis.

declaration. Usually, the government

advises that labour unions always need

industry.

family income, but she does not

Fro m Januar y to Jun e 20 0 9,

pays little or no attention to these

to be prepared and to constantly be

see how she can cope now. She had

more than 250,000 workers in the

practices, although many workers have

on the alert regarding relevant local,

been living with a friend to save

garment and textile industry lost their

filed complaints. Another tactic is the

regional and global issues. Unions also

on expenses, but plans to return

permanent jobs. Tens of thousands of

early pension, which may initially seem

need to be more creative in problem-

to her hometown. Meanwhile, as

other people also lost jobs in other

like a large amount to a worker, but in

solving, and must be able to analyse

a jobless person, Nurhayati is an

sectors, such as plantations, fisheries,

the end it is not sufficient or effective:

situations, select the appropriate

active member of a trade union

and electronics. The contracts they

people still need an income and would

steps, and negotiate well. The media

in an effort to make things better

may be offered are usually below the

need to reapply for any position as a

– whether through public forums,

for others.

minimum wage and have no benefits/

contract labourer. Most people are

social networking, or the print and

allowances for health, transportation,

aware of these uncertainties for the

broadcast media – should be well

and housing.

long term and reject the option of a

utilised.

“When I was a permanent worker,

Sumiyati, 30, also lost her job, also at a garment company. Her dismissal was approved by the Serang Labour Work Office, a government office. The dismissal letter listed the names of 71 people: Sumiyati, many of her friends, and her husband. A side from working at the same company, these 71 people also belong to the same labour union. “The company said they had too few orders, but instead, they simultaneously posted a job vacancy,” Sumiyati told Sedane Labour Resource Centre, a partner organisation of Oxfam Hong Kong.

pension.

ACFTA will be cornering Indonesia’s

I took home one million rupiah each

The second setback happened

workers; it is expected that contract

month. A s a contrac t labourer, I

on 1 January 2010, when everybody

jobs will more and more become the

earned less than a million, received

was filled with new hope for the

norm. It is difficult to see why the

no allowances or benefits, and had to

new year. Instead, ACFTA came into

Indonesian government dared to

pay my own transportation and other

effect. Labourers in the cities will

sign the free trade agreement, when

expenses normally subsidised by the

face significant hardship, and it is

it is clear that many thousands of

employer,” sighs Nurhayati. Even when

estimated that Indonesia’s textile

people like Nurhayati and Sumiyati

she had her permanent job in the past,

industry will be hit hard, and will

will suffer.

she still had to ask for rice and cooking

eventually die out.

oil from her parents. As a contract labourer, life was even harder.

Unfortunately, the government was not adequately prepared to

From an employer’s point of view,

protect Indonesia’s industries before

contract labour is cheaper because

signing the agreement. The country’s

companies only pay the main salary

interest rates are high, infrastructure

and any overtime, but no allowances or

is weak, public services are slow,

benefits. The base salary of a contract

blackouts happen all the time, and

job is usually below the minimum

bribery and improper commissions are

wage: it usually pays 40 to 50 per cent

rampant. These old bad habits make

less than a permanent job. It is difficult

our country an expensive place to do

for a worker to protest about this,

business.

because there are always many people

The fact is that for Indonesian

who so badly need work that they will

companies to compete with Chinese

accept the low wages.

products, they must reduce their costs,

C o m p a n i e s g e n e r a l l y m a ke

and this includes their labour costs,

contracts as they like. It could be a

which means that even more people

month-long, two months, three or

will lose their jobs. The inaction of the

Oxfam Hong Kong has been supporting the Lembaga Informasi Perburuhan Sedane / Sedane Labour Resource Centre (LIPS) in Bogor, West Java, for the past three years to provide capacity building for organisations a n d t o w o r k o n l a b o u r a d v o c a c y. J u l i a Kalmirah, Country Programme Coordinator of Oxfam Hong Kong’s programme in Indonesia, assisted with this article.

Photos courtesy of Sedane Labour Resource Centre.

O.N.E March 2O1O

Water

for People, Land, and Livestock Hang Chamroeun Prom Vihear Thor Pursat, Cambodia

Preparing the irrigation pump

Wheel pump

Water is an essential element

are often dirty and various items end

maintenance fund. Residents and

used to plague her family, especially

for people every day – for drinking,

up in the uncovered well. In the worst

committee members alike join training

her two youngest children. They could

cooking, farming and more. While

case scenario, children fall in.

sessions by engineers who demonstrate

not always boil their water to make it

Cambodia may be abundant with fresh

Residents of Pursat Province, in

how to use the pumps and how to

safe for drinking because gathering

water during the rainy season, many

the west of the country, approached

make basic repairs. The benefits of

firewood took too long. Much of the

rural people have to walk far from

the organisation Prom Vihear Thor,

these wheel pumps are truly multi-

family income was spent on medicine

their homes to find the water they

for assistance. Their request for

fold. The pumps are all-purpose in a

and visits to a doctor.

need during the dry season. It takes

wheel pumps for existing wells was

household, from cooking to washing

So, residents also proposed that

a lot of time, energy and strength

approved by the NGO who also helped

to drinking, and are produced at a

Prom Vihear Thor assist with water

to carry this heavy water such long

communities prepare strategies to

high standard by members of the

filters. The NGO thus provided thirty

distances.

ensure that the pumps and wells

Cambodia-based NGO called Ideas at

of the neediest families with these

Some wells exist in rural areas,

would be maintained. A three-person

Work (www.ideas-at-work.org).

filters and helped set up another users

but many of them are not in good

commit tee (chief, vice - chief and

Now there was water. The next

group. The filters which are relatively

condition. Once a hand-pump is

treasurer) was elected to manage any

challenge was to make sure it was

inexpensive, at US$10, are produced by

broken, for instance, people usually

and all repairs, and it was communally

safe to drink. One resident named Soil

another NGO, Resource Development

remove the con cre te cover and

decided that each family to use the

Lorm, a rice farmer and sometimes a

International – Cambodia (www.rdic.

use bucket s to draw water: this

pump would pay at least 500 riel

day labourer when she needs cash, says

org/home.htm).

contaminates the supply, as buckets

(US$0.125) each month towards the

that diarrhoea and stomach problems

Soil Lorm’s family of four, with 0.5

O.N.E March 2O1O

Soil Lorm’s family drinking filtered water

Chhaing Souma of the NGO Prom Vihear Thor conducting a training on hygiene and on how to use the water filter

Soil Lorm’s children at the wheel pump

hectares of land, typically only had

was also a proposal to Prom Vihear

when rice can not be grown. Members

families, would like to say a deep

enough food for a few months of the

Thor for the provision of two diesel

pay US$0.37 an hour, which goes to

‘Thank You’ to Prom Vihear Thor and

year, so they were one of these thirty

irrigation pumps.

the maintenance fund. Adding costs

Oxfam Hong Kong.”

priority families. As a member of the

And so, a third users group was

of petrol, the total comes to about

users group, she says, “I do not forget

formed, the largest – 204 people, of

US$1.25, a saving of US$ 0.75 per

about cleaning the water filter so that

whom 102 are women and girls. The

hour.”

we can use it for a long time…”

village has 529 residents, of whom

Soil Lorm lives in Thmey, a village

220 are female.

I n all , th e w h e el p u m p, th e irrigation pump, and the water filter

of 111 families where almost everyone

Peng Pou, the group’s elected

have transformed people’s lives.

farms rice and vegetables. Another

chief, says, “In the past, we faced a

Children are healthier. Food is more

need the residents determined was

drought almost every year and did

plentiful. Families have more money

irrigation: without it, their harvests

not have enough water to grow rice,

for their basic needs. People are not

were small, and hunger and thirst

especially during July and August,

as tired, since they no longer need to

great, both for livestock and people.

when it is dry… The pumps have

travel long distances to collect water

Only some families could afford to

really meant a lot for poor families.

or firewood.

rent irrigation pumps at US$2 an hour;

They can borrow the pump to irrigate

Krouch Soam concludes, on a

many could not. Besides, the service

their rice in a drought, and they can

formal note, “I, Mrs. Krouch Soam,

was sometimes not available. So, there

grow vegetables in the dry season

representative of the beneficiary

Hang Chamroeun is Project Coordinator at Prom Vihear Thor, an NGO established in 2000.

Oxfam Hong Kong has been assisting the NGO since 2006 and has been supporting various projects across Cambodia since the 1980s.

Photos courtesy of Prom Vihear Thor.

O.N.E March 2O1O

3

N e w PartnerOrganisations

Every day, Oxfam Hong Kong works alongside hundreds of groups around the world, from small NGOs to international bodies, from government departments of developing countries to community groups based in Hong Kong. Here are 3 ‘partner organisations’ that we are supporting for the first time.

CAMBODIA CHINA (MAINLAND) PHILIPPINES

• NGO Forum on Cambodia • Guizhou Association for Applied Statistics • Center for Emergency Aid and Rehabilitation

In this edition of O.N.E, we highlight the Center for Emergency Aid and Rehabilitation, one of the NGOs we are working with in northern Philippines

getting into debt. Loans often come with an exorbitant interest rate, as high as 50 per cent, so it is all too easy to fall behind in payments.

to assist survivors of two back-to-back typhoons in late 2009. Concern, as the

Concern will distribute seeds and goats (which mature faster than pigs, the

Center is called for short, shares the Oxfam principle of empowering poor

other common livestock), and will also provide training in project management.

people and demonstrates the positive changes that can happen in a community

It is the women who will receive the replacement goats. In a typical rural Filipino

if they are organised. Concern is contributing 302,740 Philippines pesos (about

home, it is the woman who manages the household income, and with access

US$6500) to the five-month recovery project, and Oxfam Hong Kong 2,408,900

to livestock and its income, women can have more money for food and other

(about US$52,000).

necessities.

More than 500 impoverished farming families in Pangasinan will be able to

Although it is the first time that Oxfam Hong Kong has partnered with

recover their means of earning a living – mainly through growing rice, corn and

Concern, they have worked with other members of the Oxfam confederation

other vegetables, and through raising and selling livestock. Thousands of animals

since the 1990s and have also received support from the British Embassy in the

were washed away in the typhoons, as was the whole rice crop for hundreds of

Philippines. Concern has responded to several disasters over the years, including

villages: Typhoon Parma came at just the time when the rice should have been

the 1991 eruption of Mt. Pinatubo and the subsequent lahar flows, which lasted

harvested. The initiative will also help prevent farmers from borrowing loans and

for more than five years.

HAITI UPDATE It is almost two months after the earthquake. Oxfam has assisted hundreds of thousands of people with drinking water, sanitation, disease prevention, shelter and other basic needs. We brought in more than tons of supplies from overseas, initiated local ‘cashfor-work’ opportunities for people to earn desperately needed cash, and will be continuing with long-term development efforts. Please keep an eye on www. oxfam.org.hk.

Oxfam Books

EARTH, AIR, FIRE, WATER OX-Tales is a series of four paperback originals that highlight Oxfam’s work for the world: Earth (from land rights to farming), Air (campaigning to climate change), Fire (supporting survivors of conflict) and Water (safe water in emergencies).

OX-Tales features 38 authors – including Hanif Kureishi, Ian Rankin and Jeanette Winterson – who have donated their writing to Oxfam. In Hong Kong, the books are available at selected Dymocks, Metrobooks and Page One bookshops.

The Hong Kong public has donated over HK$8.5 million (over US$1.1m) as of 22 February, and we thank you for every cent.

For more information, visit: www.oxfam.org.uk/books

MOKUNG The focus of the March edition is on attitudes, commitments and values while shopping, especially when purchasing items connected to various causes.

In Chinese, MOKUNG means both 'infinity' and 'no

ONE Oxfam News E-magazine is published at the beginning of ever y month, at www.oxfam.org.hk/ONE. To receive a copy in your inbox, please subscribe – it is FREE. To subscribe: www.oxfam.org.hk/one/subscribe.html

poverty' – there are so many things to be done to stop poverty and its injustice.

Published by Oxfam in Traditional Chinese, MOKUNG is available for free at various locations across Hong Kong, by subscription for delivery to any Hong Kong address for HK$20/year, and on-line at Oxfam Hong Kong website.

To subscribe: www.oxfam.org.hk/public/bookstore/?lang=big5

O.N.E (Oxfam News E-magazine) is published monthly by Oxfam Hong Kong, 17th Floor, China United Centre, 28 Marble Road, North Point, Hong Kong. The publisher does not necessarily endorse views expressed by contributors. For permission to reprint articles, please contact us; normally, we grant permission provided the source is clearly acknowledged. O.N.E is available free to all, in both an HTML and PDF version, and in Chinese and English.