March 2O1O
The month of March marks International Women's Day (8 March) and World Water Day (22 March). This edition of O.N.E presents women workers in Indonesia, water work in Cambodia, our gender advisor in Mainland China, and more. Above, Nguyen Thi Diu holds her ID card. She lost everything else in a flood. Photo Š Martin Parr / Magnum Photos / Oxfam
ONE PERSON in China Chung Lai Shan ‘Shan’ as I call her, is one of the hardest people for me to reach. She is based in Beijing, and I in Hong Kong.
with farmers and migrant workers, with women and men and children and elderly people and people with disabilities and more.
She travels around China, visiting
Now and then, we also write for
projec t sites, working alongside
O.N.E, like now, as March 8th marks
co m m u ni t y g ro u p s , fa cili t a tin g
International Women’s Day. The year
workshops, speaking at conferences,
2010 also marks ‘Beijing + 15’ – back
and more. I, as the agency’s in-house
in 1995, a landmark conference on
editor, am here by the computer
women was held in the capital city that
screen almost all the time.
galvanized the whole NGO movement
Shan’s last trip that I know of, in December 2009, was to Uganda
In Uganda: Shan takes a moment from her workshop to make contact with a young girl
across China, not just the women’s movement.
for a workshop on methodology of
We were recently writing about
empowering women and men. There
HIV-AIDS prevention in the China-
was almost no access to the Internet,
Myanmar border region. About 85
so there was silence for a while.
per cent of China’s HIV-AIDS cases
here might run the risk that to change
Shan is dedicated to the cause.
Shan is one of the best editors
are in rural areas, and women are at
the situation, we need to mobilise the
During the lunar new year holidays,
I know, so as an editor myself, I
particular risk. It was noted that as
ones with power because they can
she was working on training materials
always enjoy communication with her.
farmers, women are very busy working
help the powerless. Or it might imply
that incorporate gender sensitive
She carefully measures each word,
in the fields and selling their produce
that women in a low status have no
practices into population and family
and the idea and belief within each
at the market, among other work,
contribution to improve the situation.
planning. The materials will be used
word. While my main priorities are
paid or unpaid. Because of this, they
So, shall we put it clearly, such as: ‘We
by government officials and women’s
on accuracy, clarity and readability,
may not be able to afford the time to
need to educate the men that it is also
groups alike.
Shan seems to view texts from a
attend educational activities run at
their responsibility to reduce the risk
sense of power structures – within
community centres. Shan made it clear,
of spreading HIV-AIDS’.” I agreed.
an individual, an institution, and
clearer, that programmes need to be
Shan works on a wide range of
there are ideas not just for one day,
society. The ‘institution’ could be an
carefully designed to fit the women’s
issues and with various groups. In
but for a full week of events and
NGO, marriage, a governmental body,
schedules and their needs and that the
2008 and 2009, for instance, Oxfam’s
activities to enhance the visibility of
family...
activities need to empower women.
gender programme suppor ted a
rural women in the whole society,
Looking ahead to the International Day of Rural Women, on 15 October,
As the agency’s point person on
My first draft for the article read,
nationwide campaign against gender-
and to empower them, for each and
gender issues in mainland China,
“In some minority cultures, such as the
based violence. Over 30 groups and
every day.
Shan is working with me on a book
Tai, women have a very low status, so it
institutions from over 10 provinces
about the countr y’s pover ty and
is important to educate the men, too.”
joined, culminating in 16 days of
development, in rural and urban areas,
Shan replied, rightly, “The expression
events, from 25 November to 10 December 2009. Each of the 30 groups used the same slogan, ‘Eliminate
China Programme Officer on Gender, Chung Lai Shan is based in Beijing. Oxfam Hong Kong began supporting projects in Mainland China in 1987. Visit www.oxfam.org.hk for more information, and in Mainland China, please visit www.oxfam.org.cn. She was in (email) conversation with Madeleine Marie Slavick, editor of O.N.E.
Gender-based Violence, Build Up Equal Relationships’. The target audience: youth. A current three-year initiative is in villages across Hebei, a province in the north. Communities are opening small resource centres as a place for women to meet, plan their projects, band together against gender discrimination, and more. Facilities will include libraries and space for activities from training sessions to recreational events. A poster for a 16-day campaign against gender-based violence and for equal relationships
O.N.E March 2O1O
WHAT TO SAVE, WHAT TO LOVE Martin Parr in Vietnam “The danger with NGO photography,” Martin Parr says, “is that it has the potential to all look the same…. My job is to try and do something different.”
typhoons. Instead, he asked people what they save when a flood is on the way, and why that object is so important to them.
So, when the internationally renowned photographer was asked by Oxfam
These ten poignant stories are from Quang Tri, a coastal province in central
to document climate change in Vietnam, he did not direct his camera to homes
Vietnam. Many of the homes here have a loft or a mezzanine floor where families
standing in eight feet of floodwater, or farmland destroyed by the last of many
stay when it floods.
Phan Thanh Hieu, 59 / TV
Ba Hoang Kha, 72, and Hoang Thi Lieu, 37 / everything
“I used to be a fisherman, but now I'm not fit enough so I make and repair
“When the floods come we take everything - rice, clothes, cooking pans - up
fishing nets. My TV set is my most valuable possession when the storm comes. I
to the platform, and there's no space - we can't lie down, only sit. We stay up
bought it two years ago for 2,000,000 dong (US$108). I had to save money for
there for five days during the floods, and we have no electricity.”
several years. The TV means I can listen to the weather forecast and evacuate on time. I enjoyed it when I bought it, I could follow the news, and keep informed about the weather. It's getting warmer these days, and we get more frequent storms. Typhoons can happen every year, and they didn't in the past. I don't know much about the cause, but what I can say is we suffer more from the impact of these typhoons.”
O.N.E March 2O1O
Phan Thi Huong, 15 / school books "If I didn’t bring my books I’d have
Gia Khai, 60, and Thom, 58 / wedding bed
nothing to study. Usually during the
"It was a happy day [the wedding
floods we can’t go to school. During
day, in 1973]. We gave flowers and
the last typhoon, school was closed
rings to each other. Now, when a flood
for a week."
comes, we float the bed in the garden and tie it to a tree to protect it.”
Nguyen Thi Diu, 58 / ID card
Ba Hoang Kha, 72 / TV
“I lost everything in the 1999
"My son gave me the TV two years
floods and now I have nothing, just
ago so I could watch the news, but it's
my ID card. My husband died in 1973,
small and it's black and white, so it's
and my two children have moved away
difficult to see anything! But it was a
but have no jobs. I need my ID card to
gift, so I look after it. I take it up to
be able to collect the money they send
the platform when the floods come.
home to me.”
I'd feel sad if I lost it. It has spiritual value as my son has been away from home for 20 years."
Hoang Thi Lieu, 37 / rice cooker “During floods I take my rice cooker up to the mezzanine, even though I can't use it as there is no electricity when the floods come. I need to keep it safe, and stop it from washing away. We are a poor family, and this rice cooker is very precious to us, even though it may not be to people who are better off. I'd feel sad if it was washed away or broken. We'd have to use wood to cook, which takes more time.”
Nguyen Thi Hoa, 28 / food, 2 pans, vegetables, fuel and a lamp “I am so poor… I don't know how I'll pay off the debts.”
O.N.E March 2O1O
Le Hoai Thuong, 56 / metal detector
Ho Thi Du, 70 / clothes
As rice crops get repeatedly washed away by floods, and people search for
“The flood came so quickly, and the water so fast, that I had to be evacuated
alternative sources of income, Thuong goes looking for unexploded ordnance
from my house… When I returned, the roof was destroyed and everything seemed
in the nearby jungle. He risks his life for bullets and bombs that he can sell as
to have been washed away by the big waves. The only thing left was my bed and
scrap metal.
table that I'd weighed down with bricks.”
With a long coastline and millions of people living in low-lying delta regions, Vietnam is a country at risk from climate change, and reducing that risk is a component of Oxfam Hong Kong’s programmes. Oxfam runs training sessions in evacuation procedures, basic first aid, and in early weather warning systems. Children are also learning how to swim. All of this training, and more, is vital. Many people in Quang Tri are in serious
Oxfam Hong Kong began working in Vietnam in 1988, with a current priority focus on the provinces of Ha Tinh, Nghe An, Quang Tri and Dak Nong, and to assist women and ethnic minorities. In 2008, the agency developed a comprehensive strategy to address climate change in Vietnam. To view more photographs on some of this climate change work: http://www.flickr.com/ photos/46751514@N06/sets/72157623168447887/ To join Oxfam’s campaign against climate change: http://www.oxfam.org.hk/climatechange For a story on climate change in Quang Tri by the United Nations Populations Fund: http://asiapacific. unfpa.org/public/cache/offonce/pid/4369;jsessionid=DFDF5E32493F1B501B99996E3D80F66
debt as they have been borrowing huge sums of money to replace crops, repair
To view Martin Parr’s series of 21 photographs, visit: http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/ gallery/2009/dec/08/martin-parr-floods-vietnam?picture=356391515
houses and send their children to school.
Martin Parr’s photographs © Martin Parr / Magnum Photos / Oxfam.
The trend, in Quang Tri as well as in many areas around the world affected by climate change, is that men tend to migrate to the cities in search of jobs, while the women tend to work in the hometown, taking on all the responsibilities of farming the land, taking care of livestock, collecting water and firewood, raising the children, and often working as day labourers to earn cash. People in Quang Tri accept the idea that climate change is here to stay. They know that weather is no longer predictable and that flooding can happen at almost any time. In late September 2009, Typhoon Ketsana affected three million people and killed 163 people, including 10 people in Quang Tri. Typhoon Mirinae
Children in Dong Thap Province learning how to swim
struck in November and claimed about 100 lives.
Hai Lang District, Quang Tri: Journalists visit Oxfam's project site to document the impacts of climate change and to highlight communitybased disaster risk reduction work / Photo: Nguyen Thi Hoang Yen / Oxfam
O.N.E March 2O1O
Jobs in Indonesia: Permanent, Contract or None?
SERANG, WEST JAVA: Labour protest at a garment factory that terminated 71 workers
By Fauzan Mahdami Director, Sedane Labour Resource Centre West Java, Indonesia
The ASEAN China Free Trade Area agreement, or ACFTA, became effective on 1 January 2010 between the ten members of ASEAN and Mainland China. China-ASEAN relations began in 1990 when China expressed interest in cooperating with ASEAN, and by 2000, China proposed a free trade area with the ten ASEAN states. In 2004, Economic Ministers of China and ASEAN signed a trade agreement which eventually led to ACFTA. Civil society groups in ASEAN states and in Mainland China have been concerned about trade liberalisation through ACFTA and its trial Early Harvest Program. They call for trade policy to benefit poor people and reduce poverty, not cause more poverty. Oxfam Hong Kong research in Mainland China, for example, has documented how the surge of tropical fruit imported from ASEAN countries has impoverished fruit farmers in Guangxi, a province of China that borders Laos and Vietnam. The following article prepared by the Sedane Labour Resource Centre reveals how workers in the manufacturing sector – primarily women – are being affected in Serang, a city south of Jakarta.
The news made Nurhayati feel powerless. It ruined her plans of starting a new job in just a couple of weeks. The newspaper article stated that Indonesia would open its doors to freely imported products from China, through the signing of the ASEAN China Free Trade Area agreement, or ACFTA. To respond to this new and grand comp e titor, many companie s in Indonesia, particularly in the textile industry, announced they would pause their production. Nurhayati’s company in Serang was one of these businesses. “I used to work as a permanent labourer, then I was terminated in May
O.N.E March 2O1O
2009,” Nurhayati says. “Afterwards, I
Nurhayati, Sumiyati and many
six. After one contract is finished,
government on this crisis can be seen
worked on a contract basis. Now I’m
other workers in the cities of Java feel
the company makes a new one, not a
as acceptance.
jobless. It will be difficult to get a new
as if they are walking a steep slope. It
renewal of the first one. There is also
Many companies may not dare to
job, even by contract.”
goes very fast when the road declines,
usually a one-month no-pay break
compete with China’s products; this
but painfully slow on the incline. When
between the contracts. The Labour Act
is understandable. Instead, it is likely
Abdurrahman Wahid was alive and
requires that a labourer be designated
that they will transform themselves
well as President, from 1999 to 2001,
as a permanent labourer after two
from a manufacturing business to a
life was slightly better. (He died in
years of working, so the company uses
retail one (of the imported Chinese
December 2009.)
the contract mechanism to avoid this.
goods). In such a scenario, there will
Nurhayati’s company has used this
be more unemployment because
system since 2004.
trading and retail need a smaller
The first setback happened in 2004, when the Joint Ministerial Decree was issued, enabling companies to use
To transform their employee base,
workforce compared to manufacturing
contract labour on a massive scale:
companies apply several tactics. The
many companies duly transformed
first one is mass termination, stating
Nurhayati says, “Wow, if factories
their workforce. Before 2004, 70 per
deficit financial conditions as the main
are shut down, it will be very difficult
Nurhayati, 28, is from Madiun,
cent of Indonesia’s employees had a
reason. Some companies even declare
for us to find a job… I don’t even dare
a town in East Java. She came to
permanent job; now, in 2010, about
bankruptcy, although formally, only
to think about it!”
the bigger city of Serang in West
95 per cent are employed on a short-
the cour t s can authorise such a
Sedane Labour Resource Centre
Java in an effort to improve her
term contract basis.
declaration. Usually, the government
advises that labour unions always need
industry.
family income, but she does not
Fro m Januar y to Jun e 20 0 9,
pays little or no attention to these
to be prepared and to constantly be
see how she can cope now. She had
more than 250,000 workers in the
practices, although many workers have
on the alert regarding relevant local,
been living with a friend to save
garment and textile industry lost their
filed complaints. Another tactic is the
regional and global issues. Unions also
on expenses, but plans to return
permanent jobs. Tens of thousands of
early pension, which may initially seem
need to be more creative in problem-
to her hometown. Meanwhile, as
other people also lost jobs in other
like a large amount to a worker, but in
solving, and must be able to analyse
a jobless person, Nurhayati is an
sectors, such as plantations, fisheries,
the end it is not sufficient or effective:
situations, select the appropriate
active member of a trade union
and electronics. The contracts they
people still need an income and would
steps, and negotiate well. The media
in an effort to make things better
may be offered are usually below the
need to reapply for any position as a
– whether through public forums,
for others.
minimum wage and have no benefits/
contract labourer. Most people are
social networking, or the print and
allowances for health, transportation,
aware of these uncertainties for the
broadcast media – should be well
and housing.
long term and reject the option of a
utilised.
“When I was a permanent worker,
Sumiyati, 30, also lost her job, also at a garment company. Her dismissal was approved by the Serang Labour Work Office, a government office. The dismissal letter listed the names of 71 people: Sumiyati, many of her friends, and her husband. A side from working at the same company, these 71 people also belong to the same labour union. “The company said they had too few orders, but instead, they simultaneously posted a job vacancy,” Sumiyati told Sedane Labour Resource Centre, a partner organisation of Oxfam Hong Kong.
pension.
ACFTA will be cornering Indonesia’s
I took home one million rupiah each
The second setback happened
workers; it is expected that contract
month. A s a contrac t labourer, I
on 1 January 2010, when everybody
jobs will more and more become the
earned less than a million, received
was filled with new hope for the
norm. It is difficult to see why the
no allowances or benefits, and had to
new year. Instead, ACFTA came into
Indonesian government dared to
pay my own transportation and other
effect. Labourers in the cities will
sign the free trade agreement, when
expenses normally subsidised by the
face significant hardship, and it is
it is clear that many thousands of
employer,” sighs Nurhayati. Even when
estimated that Indonesia’s textile
people like Nurhayati and Sumiyati
she had her permanent job in the past,
industry will be hit hard, and will
will suffer.
she still had to ask for rice and cooking
eventually die out.
oil from her parents. As a contract labourer, life was even harder.
Unfortunately, the government was not adequately prepared to
From an employer’s point of view,
protect Indonesia’s industries before
contract labour is cheaper because
signing the agreement. The country’s
companies only pay the main salary
interest rates are high, infrastructure
and any overtime, but no allowances or
is weak, public services are slow,
benefits. The base salary of a contract
blackouts happen all the time, and
job is usually below the minimum
bribery and improper commissions are
wage: it usually pays 40 to 50 per cent
rampant. These old bad habits make
less than a permanent job. It is difficult
our country an expensive place to do
for a worker to protest about this,
business.
because there are always many people
The fact is that for Indonesian
who so badly need work that they will
companies to compete with Chinese
accept the low wages.
products, they must reduce their costs,
C o m p a n i e s g e n e r a l l y m a ke
and this includes their labour costs,
contracts as they like. It could be a
which means that even more people
month-long, two months, three or
will lose their jobs. The inaction of the
Oxfam Hong Kong has been supporting the Lembaga Informasi Perburuhan Sedane / Sedane Labour Resource Centre (LIPS) in Bogor, West Java, for the past three years to provide capacity building for organisations a n d t o w o r k o n l a b o u r a d v o c a c y. J u l i a Kalmirah, Country Programme Coordinator of Oxfam Hong Kong’s programme in Indonesia, assisted with this article. Photos courtesy of Sedane Labour Resource Centre.
O.N.E March 2O1O
Water
for People, Land, and Livestock Hang Chamroeun Prom Vihear Thor Pursat, Cambodia
Preparing the irrigation pump
Wheel pump
Water is an essential element
are often dirty and various items end
maintenance fund. Residents and
used to plague her family, especially
for people every day – for drinking,
up in the uncovered well. In the worst
committee members alike join training
her two youngest children. They could
cooking, farming and more. While
case scenario, children fall in.
sessions by engineers who demonstrate
not always boil their water to make it
Cambodia may be abundant with fresh
Residents of Pursat Province, in
how to use the pumps and how to
safe for drinking because gathering
water during the rainy season, many
the west of the country, approached
make basic repairs. The benefits of
firewood took too long. Much of the
rural people have to walk far from
the organisation Prom Vihear Thor,
these wheel pumps are truly multi-
family income was spent on medicine
their homes to find the water they
for assistance. Their request for
fold. The pumps are all-purpose in a
and visits to a doctor.
need during the dry season. It takes
wheel pumps for existing wells was
household, from cooking to washing
So, residents also proposed that
a lot of time, energy and strength
approved by the NGO who also helped
to drinking, and are produced at a
Prom Vihear Thor assist with water
to carry this heavy water such long
communities prepare strategies to
high standard by members of the
filters. The NGO thus provided thirty
distances.
ensure that the pumps and wells
Cambodia-based NGO called Ideas at
of the neediest families with these
Some wells exist in rural areas,
would be maintained. A three-person
Work (www.ideas-at-work.org).
filters and helped set up another users
but many of them are not in good
commit tee (chief, vice - chief and
Now there was water. The next
group. The filters which are relatively
condition. Once a hand-pump is
treasurer) was elected to manage any
challenge was to make sure it was
inexpensive, at US$10, are produced by
broken, for instance, people usually
and all repairs, and it was communally
safe to drink. One resident named Soil
another NGO, Resource Development
remove the con cre te cover and
decided that each family to use the
Lorm, a rice farmer and sometimes a
International – Cambodia (www.rdic.
use bucket s to draw water: this
pump would pay at least 500 riel
day labourer when she needs cash, says
org/home.htm).
contaminates the supply, as buckets
(US$0.125) each month towards the
that diarrhoea and stomach problems
Soil Lorm’s family of four, with 0.5
O.N.E March 2O1O
Soil Lorm’s family drinking filtered water
Chhaing Souma of the NGO Prom Vihear Thor conducting a training on hygiene and on how to use the water filter
Soil Lorm’s children at the wheel pump
hectares of land, typically only had
was also a proposal to Prom Vihear
when rice can not be grown. Members
families, would like to say a deep
enough food for a few months of the
Thor for the provision of two diesel
pay US$0.37 an hour, which goes to
‘Thank You’ to Prom Vihear Thor and
year, so they were one of these thirty
irrigation pumps.
the maintenance fund. Adding costs
Oxfam Hong Kong.”
priority families. As a member of the
And so, a third users group was
of petrol, the total comes to about
users group, she says, “I do not forget
formed, the largest – 204 people, of
US$1.25, a saving of US$ 0.75 per
about cleaning the water filter so that
whom 102 are women and girls. The
hour.”
we can use it for a long time…”
village has 529 residents, of whom
Soil Lorm lives in Thmey, a village
220 are female.
I n all , th e w h e el p u m p, th e irrigation pump, and the water filter
of 111 families where almost everyone
Peng Pou, the group’s elected
have transformed people’s lives.
farms rice and vegetables. Another
chief, says, “In the past, we faced a
Children are healthier. Food is more
need the residents determined was
drought almost every year and did
plentiful. Families have more money
irrigation: without it, their harvests
not have enough water to grow rice,
for their basic needs. People are not
were small, and hunger and thirst
especially during July and August,
as tired, since they no longer need to
great, both for livestock and people.
when it is dry… The pumps have
travel long distances to collect water
Only some families could afford to
really meant a lot for poor families.
or firewood.
rent irrigation pumps at US$2 an hour;
They can borrow the pump to irrigate
Krouch Soam concludes, on a
many could not. Besides, the service
their rice in a drought, and they can
formal note, “I, Mrs. Krouch Soam,
was sometimes not available. So, there
grow vegetables in the dry season
representative of the beneficiary
Hang Chamroeun is Project Coordinator at Prom Vihear Thor, an NGO established in 2000. Oxfam Hong Kong has been assisting the NGO since 2006 and has been supporting various projects across Cambodia since the 1980s. Photos courtesy of Prom Vihear Thor.
O.N.E March 2O1O
3
N e w PartnerOrganisations
Every day, Oxfam Hong Kong works alongside hundreds of groups around the world, from small NGOs to international bodies, from government departments of developing countries to community groups based in Hong Kong. Here are 3 ‘partner organisations’ that we are supporting for the first time.
CAMBODIA CHINA (MAINLAND) PHILIPPINES
• NGO Forum on Cambodia • Guizhou Association for Applied Statistics • Center for Emergency Aid and Rehabilitation
In this edition of O.N.E, we highlight the Center for Emergency Aid and Rehabilitation, one of the NGOs we are working with in northern Philippines
getting into debt. Loans often come with an exorbitant interest rate, as high as 50 per cent, so it is all too easy to fall behind in payments.
to assist survivors of two back-to-back typhoons in late 2009. Concern, as the
Concern will distribute seeds and goats (which mature faster than pigs, the
Center is called for short, shares the Oxfam principle of empowering poor
other common livestock), and will also provide training in project management.
people and demonstrates the positive changes that can happen in a community
It is the women who will receive the replacement goats. In a typical rural Filipino
if they are organised. Concern is contributing 302,740 Philippines pesos (about
home, it is the woman who manages the household income, and with access
US$6500) to the five-month recovery project, and Oxfam Hong Kong 2,408,900
to livestock and its income, women can have more money for food and other
(about US$52,000).
necessities.
More than 500 impoverished farming families in Pangasinan will be able to
Although it is the first time that Oxfam Hong Kong has partnered with
recover their means of earning a living – mainly through growing rice, corn and
Concern, they have worked with other members of the Oxfam confederation
other vegetables, and through raising and selling livestock. Thousands of animals
since the 1990s and have also received support from the British Embassy in the
were washed away in the typhoons, as was the whole rice crop for hundreds of
Philippines. Concern has responded to several disasters over the years, including
villages: Typhoon Parma came at just the time when the rice should have been
the 1991 eruption of Mt. Pinatubo and the subsequent lahar flows, which lasted
harvested. The initiative will also help prevent farmers from borrowing loans and
for more than five years.
HAITI UPDATE It is almost two months after the earthquake. Oxfam has assisted hundreds of thousands of people with drinking water, sanitation, disease prevention, shelter and other basic needs. We brought in more than tons of supplies from overseas, initiated local ‘cashfor-work’ opportunities for people to earn desperately needed cash, and will be continuing with long-term development efforts. Please keep an eye on www. oxfam.org.hk.
Oxfam Books
EARTH, AIR, FIRE, WATER OX-Tales is a series of four paperback originals that highlight Oxfam’s work for the world: Earth (from land rights to farming), Air (campaigning to climate change), Fire (supporting survivors of conflict) and Water (safe water in emergencies). OX-Tales features 38 authors – including Hanif Kureishi, Ian Rankin and Jeanette Winterson – who have donated their writing to Oxfam. In Hong Kong, the books are available at selected Dymocks, Metrobooks and Page One bookshops.
The Hong Kong public has donated over HK$8.5 million (over US$1.1m) as of 22 February, and we thank you for every cent. For more information, visit: www.oxfam.org.uk/books
MOKUNG The focus of the March edition is on attitudes, commitments and values while shopping, especially when purchasing items connected to various causes. In Chinese, MOKUNG means both 'infinity' and 'no
ONE Oxfam News E-magazine is published at the beginning of ever y month, at www.oxfam.org.hk/ONE. To receive a copy in your inbox, please subscribe – it is FREE. To subscribe: www.oxfam.org.hk/one/subscribe.html
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O.N.E (Oxfam News E-magazine) is published monthly by Oxfam Hong Kong, 17th Floor, China United Centre, 28 Marble Road, North Point, Hong Kong. The publisher does not necessarily endorse views expressed by contributors. For permission to reprint articles, please contact us; normally, we grant permission provided the source is clearly acknowledged. O.N.E is available free to all, in both an HTML and PDF version, and in Chinese and English.