Chapter
5
Objectives
Infection Control
Upon completion of this chapter, the reader should be able to identify and understand terms related to the following: 1. Disease conditions. Discuss the meaning of disease with related signs and symptoms and the various classifications of disease conditions. 2. Causes of disease and infection. List and identify sources of disease and the pathogens that may be involved. 3. Port of entry for disease. Identify and explain the action of infectious agents and their method of causing disease. 4. Immunity factors. Explain immunity and the methods by which to acquire the various types of immunity. 5. Disease prevention. Discuss the importance of preventing disease, and list the common methods used to combat disease and infection potentials. 6. Agencies concerned with disease control. List the principal agencies or government bodies concerned with the control of disease.
Disease Conditions Disease ( pathological condition of the body, abnormal condition) manifests its presence through symptoms (SIM-tums = perceptible change in the body or body function), which may be objective or subjective. Objective symptoms, also called signs, are evidence observed by someone other than the patient, for example, edema (ee-DEE-mah = swelling). Subjective symptoms are evidence of a disease as reported by the patient, for example, odontalgia (oh-dahn-TAHL-geeah = toothache). An assortment of signs and symptoms grouped together that characterize a disease is called a syndrome (SIN-drome = running together). The study of disease is called pathology (path-AHL-oh-jee). Pathologists search for disease etiology (ee-tee-AHL-oh-jee = cause of the disease). Symptoms and signs are used to form a diagnosis (die-agg-NO-sis = denoting name of disease), and a prognosis (prahg-NO-sis) is a prediction about the course of the disease. 93 Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
