Avopoµ6.x17 N6.mou, apxmoMyoc;
01 E-OPYKTIKEL LiPALTHPIOTHTEL LTIL KYKJ\ALiEL KATA TON 190 KAI TON 206 AIONA. H nEPlnTOLH TON OPYXEION 0HPA'iKHL rHL LTH LANTOPINH Em~Mnouaa: Ka>..>..tpp6T'} na>..u~ou, apx11eK1wv µrixav1K6c; Andromachi Nastou, archaeologist
THE QUARRYING ACTIVITIES ON THE ISLANDS OF CYCLADES DURING THE 19th AND 20th CENTURY. THE CASE OF THE POZZOLANA QUARRIES IN SANTORINI Supervisor: Kallirroi Palyvou, architect engineer
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1. 01 eyKaraOTaae1C; erre~epyaafac; rwv e~opuyµivwv opuKTwv CJTT/ Mf/Ao.
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The facilities for the elaboration of the mined products in Milos.
he present study concerns the quarrying activities that took place on the islands of Cyclades during the 19th and the 20th century, placing emphasis on the case of exploitation of the pozzolana quarries in Santorini.
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The study consists of four parts. The first one is dedicated to a historical overview on the economy of Greece as well as of Cyclades from the early 19th century until the end of the 20th, when the exploitation began in most quarries and mines. In the second part, an attempt has been done to describe in brief the quarrying activities on the islands of Cyclades during the same historical period. This part contains information about the sort of the deposits, technical information on the extraction, the working conditions and the influence of the quarrying operations on the economic, the social life as well as on the tourist development of the islands.
2.
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evaiptoc; a,o,,p6opoµoc; y1a TT/ µerncpopa TT/c; aµup1oac; OTT/ Na~o. The elevated railway for the transport of the emery in Naxos.
THE QUARRYING ACTIVITIES ON THE ISLANDS OF CYCLADES DURING THE 19th AND 20th CENTURY. THE CASE OF THE POZZOLANA QUARRIES IN SANTORINI
3. 0 xwpoc; TWV opuxe[wv TrJc; erntpdac; «'HrpaioTOc; A.E.» OTQ VOTlQ TWV {/)T7pwv. filaKp[vernt TO KTlplO TOU epyoOTao[ou KQC Ol OK6}..ec; rp6pTw017c; OTO uljloc; TrJc; 86)..aooac;. The quarries which were under the ownership of "lfaistos A.E." in the south of Fira. The factory and the shipping scales are visible.
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E~i::xouaac; ariµaa(ac; e(vm ri KOTaaKeu17 Kat ri AE:tToupy(a, ~paxu~ta i::OTw, Tou epyoOTaa(ou TT"Jc; eTmpe(ac; «'HcpmOToc; A.E.» OTO VOTlO TWV <l>ripwv yta Tl"JV ene~epyaa(a TT"J<; Sripa'iK17c; vric;, acpou anornAd Tl"J µovai5tK17 nep(mwari µtac; TETOtac; ~toµrixaVtK17c; µov6i5ac; OTOV etJ..ai5tKO xwpo. EmxetpE:ITOl, TE:Aoc;, µta KOTaypacp17 TWV W<pE:AE:tWV atJ..6 KOl TWV ½l"Jµtwv nou npoKOAE:OE: ri AE:tToupy(a Twv opuxdwv, ave~EAE:YKTl"J nc; TE:AeUTa(ec; i5eKaE:T(ec; TOU 20ou OlWVO, OTO Vl"JOI, µEXPl KOl Tl"JV optOTlKl7 nauari Touc; OTO TEAl"J TT"Jc; i5E:KOE:T(ac; TOU 1980.
The third part is dedicated to the quarrying activities on the island of Thera, which for more than a century constituted the main production activity of the island. The part begins with a brief historical overview on the economic and social life of the island during the two centuries of function and comprehensive exploitation of the quarries. This part is concerned with the geology of the island and the properties of pozzolana that make it an excellent building material, emphasizing on the crucial role that it has in the production of cement. A mention of the proprietary regime of the quarries follows from the beginning when the owners were local businessmen and shipowners until today's indefinite situation. After that, the technical features of the pozzolana extraction are detailed. The extraction consists in the undermining through galleries of part of the ground that has high pozzolana content. This extraction technique is unique and it is perfectly adjusted to the peculiarity of the island's geology. Of great importance is the construction and the running, although short-lived, of the factory for the elaboration of pozzolana that was under the ownership of the firm "lfaistos A.E.". It is situated in the south of Fira and it's historical significance stems from the fact that it is rather well preserved and also a unique example in the industry of the elaboration of extracted materials in Greece. Finally, an effort is done to evaluate the benefits offered and the damages caused on the island because of the comprehensive exploitation of the quarries during the last decades of the 20th century until the end in the late 1980. The last part includes examples of quarries that are no longer running and the effort to bring them out as a part of the cultural heritage in Europe and in the rest of the islands of Cyclades. It also includes the proposal of restoration and reuse of the quarries in Santorini especially of the one on the south border of Fira, where the factory is situated.
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