protection of environment essay

IsigneduptotakeAPEnvironmentalSciencethisyearbecauseIwasmoreinterestedintakingit thanexpandingonsolelybiologyorchemistry.Thiscourseincludesseveraldifferentfieldsofstudy whichiswhyIthoughtitwouldbeveryinterestingandIwouldlearnaboutseveralsubjects comparedtojustone.Beforecompletinganyworkforthiscourse,mydefinitionofenvironmental sciencewouldhavebeen,thestudyofelementsoftheenvironmentsuchasclimate,soil,andwater. Ialsowouldhavethoughtthatthetermenvironmentalismmeantsimplyprotectingtheenvironment. Thedifferencebetweenenvironmentalscienceandenvironmentalismisthatenvironmentalscience isthestudyoftheenvironmentwhichrunsmoretestsandexperiments

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1)Whenwastheenvironmentalprotectionagency(EPA)formed?

–1970

Whateventsprompteditsformation?

–TheU.S.wasrockedbyaseriesofwastelandtoxicmaterials,theearth'sautomatic,self–cleansing,lifesupportsystemsbecameincreasinglythreatenedandconsequentlypeoplefromall walksoflifeandfromeverypartofthepoliticalspectrumwereexpressingtheiranxietiesonthe streetsandthishappenedtobthelargestpublicAmericandemonstrationeverseeninAmerica. HencepromptingPresidentRichardNixontransmittedReorganizationPlanNo.3totheUnited StatesCongressbyexecutiveorder,creatingtheEPAasasingle,independentagencyfroma numberofsmallerarmsofdifferentfederalagencies

2)Howdid...showmorecontent...

–ThecitizensuitprovisionoftheCleanWaterActisanimportanttooltoprotectandimprove rivers,creeks,streams,andwetlandsespeciallyasstateagenciesmaynothavetheresourcesto conductregularwaterqualitymonitoringoneverywaterbodyCitizeninvolvementinmonitoring andreportingpollutionproblemsiskeytowatershedprotection;herebyhelpingthegovernment enforcethelaws.

4)Theexpression"canaryinthecoalmine"meansanearlywarningofdanger.(Coalminerswould carrycanariesorsmallanimalswiththemintominestodetectdeadlybutodorlessandtasteless methanegas.)

a)Towhatdoestheexpression"canaryinthecoalmine'applyinpoisonedwaters?

Iwillsaythatasmuchastheexpression"Canaryinthecoalmine"impliesanearlywarningof dangerinminessodoesitinwatertooInthiscasethefishdirectlyhelpsusknowtheextentto whichourecologicalsphereisdamaged,andhelpshumanstotakethenecessaryprecautionstosave theenvironment

5)TwentymillionAmericanstooktothestreetsforthefirstearthdayin1970asaresultofpollution theycouldseeansmell:theCuyahogariverinClevelandburned,withflamesthattoweredeight storieshigh;the1969oilspillinSantaBarbaraclosedvirtuallyallthebeachesinsouthern California;peoplehaddeclaredLakeEriedead.

a)Howaccordingtothefilm,havebothpollutionandpeople'sreactiontoEarthday

CaringAboutOurEnvironment

Improvingandmaintainingtheearth'senvironmentisbecomingamoreimportanttaskeverydayof ourlives.Duetoignoranceandfrequentcarelessness,thisimportanttaskisquicklybecominga criticaloneForthisreason,Itookituponmyselftoconstructastrategicplantoenlightenmypeers totheproblemsofourenvironment.Ididthisinhopesthatitwouldencourageeveryonetoact responsiblytowardsimprovingandmaintainingtheenvironment.Withongoingthreatstotheearth's watersupply,atmosphere,andsurface,Ifounditnecessarytodeviseamethodofenvironmental enlightenment.Iplantoapplythismethodatmyplaceofacademicstudy,TheUniversity.If supportedbythefacultyshowmorecontent

Irecentlydiscoveredthatonecheeseburgertakesmorethan700gallonsofwatertoproduce (includeswaterconsumedbycows,waterusedtoirrigatethecornfieldsthatfeedthecows,andthe waterusedtoproducethebeefandcheese)Whenconsideringthemillionsofcheeseburgersthatare consumedworldwideeveryday,itisevidentthattheearth'swatersupplyisdecliningrapidly.Dueto airpollution,theozonelayerisalsobeingconsumedatanextremerate.Itsarchnemesisisthe variousfumesfromcarsandfactories.Scientistsestimatethateach1%dropinozonelevelscausesa 3to6%riseinskincancercases.Sincetheozonelayerpreventsmostultravioletandotherhigh–energyradiationfrompenetratingtotheearth'ssurface,thisisacrisisthathastoberectifiedThe ozone'sdepletionhasdroppedtoalevelsothinthatifwebroughtitdowntoEarth,itwouldonlybe asdeepasthethicknessofthreedimes.Theonlypositiveoutlookconcerningthismatteristhatthe ozonehastheabilitytoreconstructitselfwhenUV–CraysbreakthebondofO2Singleoxygen atomscombinewithO2toformozone(UV–Brayslimitthisprocessstillyet).Thisevidenceshows thattheworldisindireneedofanenvironmentalresurrection.Inorderforthistooccurandbe successful,itwouldrequireaneffortbyeveryindividualnationofourworld.

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MyresolutionrequiresthatTheUniversityofSouthCarolina

TheProtectionOfEnvironmentalQuality

Introduction

Protectionofenvironmentalqualityisagloballygrowingconcern,andtherehasbeenanincreasing useofeconomicinstrumentsintheenvironmentprotectionpolicies,suchastradablepermitsor pollutioncharges,toreduceenvironmentalharmbyharnessingeconomicincentivestoencourage theindustries.InNewSouthWales,theEnvironmentProtectionAuthority("EPA")introducedthe load–basedlicensing("LBL")schemeasanewapproachofenvironmentprotectionlicenceunder theProtectionoftheEnvironmentOperationsAct1997(NSW)("POEOAct")andtheProtectionof theEnvironmentOperations(General)Regulations2009(NSW).Subsequently,abroaderrangeof pollutionissuesisnowembracedundertheLBLsystembyshowmorecontent

Inthepast,afixedfeewaschargedtotheindustries,anditwasdifficulttofindarelationship betweenpollutantdischargesandthelicencefee.Inequityinlicencefeeswasresultedtherefrom, andtherewasverylittleincentiveavailableforlicenceholdersConsequently,thisapproachwas regardedasanunpleasantcost,andtheearnestlicenceholdershadtobeeconomically disadvantagedbytheneglectedlicensingsystem.Furthermore,ineffectivesysteminenvironment protectionlicencefailedtoreduceemissionsandirreversibleimpactsontheenvironmentwere perceived.

Toovercomethoseissuesstatedabove,theEPAofNewSouthWalesupdatedthePOEOAct,and asaresult,legislationsincludingtheWasteMinimisationandManagementAct1995(NSW),were repealedandincorporatedintothePOEOActUndertheChapter3ofthePOEOActandthe ProtectionoftheEnvironmentOperations(General)Regulation2009(NSW),LBLisimplemented asanewmethodofchargingalicensingfeebasedontheamountsofthepollutionemissionresulted fromthelicensedactivities.InaccordancetotheLBLscheme,licenceholdersarechargedanannual licencefeewhichconsistsoftheadministrativefeeandtheload–basedfee.Theload–basedfee dependsontheamountsofthepollutantdischarged,andtheadministrationfeeispayableineach reportingperiod.Unlikethetraditionalapproach,theLBLenhances

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EnvironmentalStewardshipAndTheEnvironment

Theenvironmentisareflectionoftheindividualsthatoccupyit.Thequalityoftheenvironmentis theresultofthechoicesandactionsthathavebeenmadebytheoccupants.Itisthepopulation's responsibilitytovalidatethattheactivitiesthataretakingplaceareenvironmentallyresponsibleand notharmfultoitspeople.Itisextremelyimportanttosustaintheenvironmentanditsnatural resourcesforthefuturegenerationsTherefore,environmentalstewardshipistheresponsibleuseand protectionofthenaturalresourcesandenvironmentthroughconservation,ecological,recycling, regeneration,andrestorationpractices.Therearepracticesthatareputintoplacetoincreasethe environmentalstewardship,whichincludetheefficiencyofusingresources,reducingthewaste,and providinganefficientandahealthyworkenvironment.However,thethreemostimportantconcepts aretheefficiency,ecologically,andhealthy.Efficiencyisusingtheminimumrequiredresources whileproducingtheminimumamountofwaste.Ecologicallyreferstorecycledandnon–toxic productsandhealthyreferstogeneratingtheleastamountofnoise,visual,andphysicalpollution.It isessentialtoimplementanenvironmentalstewardshipregime;therearemanybenefitsofthese implementationssuchaseconomicbenefits,humanhealthbenefits,andconservationandprotection oftheenvironmentitself.InNorthernCanada,theborealforestliesongigantictarsandsstoresand thecrude

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Ourenvironmentundoubtedlyhasmanythingswecanusetobenefitoureverydaylives.Evenifour environmentisnotintip–topshape,weneedtostarttakingcareofitbetter.Ifwedon'tmanythings willhappen.Thesethingsincludeplantsdying,animalsgoingextinct,airbecomingpolluted,coral reefsdying,andwaterrapidlycomingcontaminated.Anotherproblemourenvironmenthastoface, overcome,oradapttooisGlobalWarmingGlobalWarminghasandwillcontinuetoimpactour environmentworldwideifwedonotbegintakingimmediateactionanddosomethingtoprotectour environment.

ProtectingourenvironmentisindeedthefirstactionthatshouldbetakenProtectingthe environmentshouldtakeplacelocallyandgloballyinmyopinion.Therearemanythingsthatour localenvironmentcoulddothatwouldhavehaveatremendousimpactonourenvironmentthat genuinelywouldnottakeoodlesofeffort.Afewofthesecouldbeaseasyasrecyclingsodacans, oldschoolorworkpapers,andglassbottlesandtakingthemtoalocalrecyclingcenter.Whenyou recycleyouarereusingthingsormakingthemintonewthingsTwomoreexampleswouldbe hostingorparticipatinginahighwaycleanup,orplantingacommunitygardenatapark.Globally, humansareresponsibleforGreenhouseGasses,pollution,andfossilfuelshortages.Globally,if everyonepitchedinjustalittlebit,greenhousegasemissionscouldgodowndrastically.Theway wecouldcuttheseemissions

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TheProblemOfEnvironmentalProtectionEssay

TheodoreRoosevelthadoncesaid,"Thenationbehaveswellifittreatsthenaturalresourcesas assetswhichitmustturnovertothenextgenerationincreased,andnotimpairedinvalue".These wordshaveresonatedsinceandhavebeenanexampleastowhyitisourdutyasinhabitantsofthis planettoprovideprotectiontotheeversofragileenvironment.ButwhatisEnvironmental protectionexactly?Wellitisoneofthemostimportant,andexpensiveproblemsbusinessesand societyarefacingtoday.Whyyoumayask?Sincetheindustrialageallthecountriesaroundthe worldhavebeenburninganassortmentoffueltopowerfactories,vehicles,heathomes,andevento cookwithandwhenthesefuelsareburnedtheyemitcarbondioxideandvariousotherchemicals whichovertimeaddupandtakeaverylongtimetobreakdown.Asaresulttheytrapheatfromthe sunintheearth'satmosphereraisingtheglobaltemperatureandcausingadominoeffectonthe environment.Likewisecompaniesproducehazardouswasteanddumpthemillegallyinwaters whichkillsvastamountsofmarinelife.Althoughlawsareinplacetoprotecttheplanet,inventions areslowlybeingcreatedtoprovidealternativesourcesofenergyandagenciesalreadyexistto protecttheenvironment.Howeveritisourdutyaspeopleinasocietytoactonourownby demandingforourgovernmenttoshowgreaterconcernfortheenvironmentbyreforming environmentalprotectionlawswithstricterguidelines,

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BroadTopic:EnvironmentalProtection/NatureConservation

Narrowtopic:Animalprotection

ResearchQuestion:WhataresomeofthemeasuresthatneedtobeimplementedbytheJamaican Governmenttoprotectendangeredanimalspecies?

Introduction:

"Thegreatnessofanationanditsmoralprogresscanbemeasuredbythewayitsanimalsare treated."ThisproclamationthatisattributedtothegreatMahatmaGandhihasfrighteninglyopposed thegraphicandupsettingimagesofslaughtered,abusedandneglectedanimalsthataresooftenseen innewspapersandonsocialmedia.Animalsplayaveryessentialroleinourenvironment.They assistwiththemaintenanceofbiodiversityinnatureMoreover,manyanimalspeciesareindanger ofextinction...showmorecontent...

Deforestation,burningandbulldozingoftheirhabitatmustbepreventedorminimized.Moreover, thegovernmentcanconstructmorenationalparks,wildlifepreservesandnaturereservessothat endangeredspeciescanbefreefromnegativehumaninterference.Theseplacesallowendangered animaltohaveasuitablehabitat,whichwillacceleratetheirsurvivalrateAllanimallifeis importantandworthprotectingbecausetheyhelptomaintainanequilibriumintheecosystem.

IISecondly,teachinganimalwelfareinschoolsshouldbeemployedastheprimarytooltoexecute protectionofendangeredanimalsinourJamaicansociety;sincenoteveryoneisawarethatsome animalsareatriskofextinction.

A.Teachinganimalwelfarewilleducatetheactiveandpassiveabusersaboutanimalprotectionso thattheycanimplementbettermeasurestoprotectendangeredspecies

B.AccordingtoPhillips(2009)teachinganimalwelfareinschoolswillresultinanimprovementin animalwellbeingThus,theuseofeducationisaneffectiveavenuetoachieveanimprovementin thetreatmentandcareofendangered

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TheImportanceOfEnvironmentalProtection

Asyouknow,environmentalissueisincreasinglythreatenourhealth.However,manypeoplehave noawarenessofenvironmentalprotectionanddon'tcareabouttheproblemoccurredwhenthey discardtheirusedgoods.

Broaderissue

Recently,environmentalissueshaveraisedmoreconcernsHowever,manypeopledon'tnoticethat someenvironmentalproblemsarecausedbyunuseditems.

Disposingofwastehashugeenvironmentalimpactsandcancauseseriousproblems.Peopleneedto decidewhethertothrowit,donateitorresaleitandwheretothrowtheunneededgoods Inappropriatedisposalofunneededgoodswillleadtoenvironmentalissue.Forinstance,used batteryhashazardousmaterialinsideit.Ifjustthrowitasgeneralgarbage,soilshowmore

content

38.3%respondentsevenhavedonesoformanytimes.Itisnotonlythewasteofmoney,butalsothe wasteofnaturalresource

Itiseasyforresidentstofindthattheyaresurroundedbyunneededgoodsindorm.Thoseitems includeclothes,textbooks,cosmeticsandelectricappliance.26.3%respondentsmentioned unwantedtextbooksliehereandthereintheirroom.What'smore,40.4%studentswouldliketosell theirtextbookatmarketwhentheyaregraduating.

Furthermore,residentsinWKUhaveapositiveopiniontosecond–handproducts453%ofthem thinkithelpstosavemoney,whichaccountsforthelargestproportionamongtheseoptions.Itis easierforWKUresidentstoacceptsecond–handgoodsandtheconceptofrecyclinguseditems.

Intentiontosell

Figure1showspeople'sintentiontosellunusedgoodsinexchangeforcash.Themajorityof studentsarewillingtoselltheirunusedgoodsbecauseittrulymeetstheirinterestswhenothers makegooduseofunusedgoods.Therefore,thereisademandtoreusegoods.Thereare9.6% respondentsareindifferent,butforthosegroupofpeople,theymayalsoagreetoselltheirunused productsifwecanpersuade

Reusebehavior

Notonlythedemandtosell,alsothedemandtobuyshowsinoursurvey.Figure2pointsoutthere are851%respondentsusesomethingusedbysomeoneelsebeforeItnotonlyincludesthosepeople whousesecond–handgoodsusually,alsocontainssomeone

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Epa'sRoleInProtectingTheEnvironment

Theearthsupplieshumanitywithaplethoraofnaturalresources,butwhathasmankinddonewith thesegifts?Themodernworldisamarvelofcarefullyconstructedskyscrapers,painstakinglypieced togetherpalaces,andbrilliantlyfabricatedbridges.TheUnitedStateshaseliminateddiseasesthat usedtoplagueentirenations,constructedhypersonicjets,andmadeadvancementsintechnology onlydreamedaboutbypastgenerationsHowever,society'sbeautifulandconvenientdesignhasa cost.Habitatlosshasforcedthousandsofspeciesofanimalstobecomeendangeredorextinct.The improperdisposaloftoxicwasteshasmadeamultitudeofriversandlakesunfitforsustaininglife. Theuseofpesticideshasill–effectsonnotonlytheenvironmentandthewildlife,butonpeople,too However,theUnitedStateshasmadegreatstridesinpreservingtheenvironment,andfixingthe damagedone.Thisessaywillexploreenvironmentalprotectioninregardstoorganizationsand legislation.Oneorganizationcontributingtotheconservationoftheenvironmentisthe EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA).TheEPAworksnationallytoassuretheprotectionofthe environmentthroughavarietyofmethodsForinstance,theEPAenforcesenvironmentallawsand regulations.Accordingtotheorganization'swebsite:EPAworkswithitsfederal,stateandtribal regulatorypartnersthroughacomprehensiveCleanWaterActcompliancemonitoringprogramto protecthumanhealthandthe

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EnvironmentalProtectionAndEnvironment

BackgroundEnvironmentalprotectionisanimportantandinterestingsubjectbecauseofits sensitivityasfarasthequalityoflifeisconcerned.Themattertodowiththeenvironmental conservationandprotectionhasbecomeatopicofconcernallovertheworldasnationsseekthe solutionstothedegradingenvironment.Itisgloballyacceptedthatthecurrenttrendsinthequality ofenvironmentarewantingandcallforsustainabledevelopmentthroughglobalgovernanceA majorityofnationshavejoinedhandstodiscussthepossibilitiesandwaysthatenvironmental conservationandprotectioncanberealized.Theyhavecontinuedtogivethismatteranupfront considerationowingtoitsimportanceandsensitivityHence,theyhavepartneredwithinternational organizationsthathelpinaddressingthisissueonglobalscale.IntroductiontoGlobalGovernance andEnvironmentTheglobalenvironmentalsystemcomprisesoftheoceans,theatmosphere,the terrestrialsystems,thefreshwatersystems,andthecryosphere.Thepresentstateofthesesystems hasevolvedoveranumberofyears.Humanbeingshaveplayedaroleintheevolutionofthis systemsleadingtothepresentformsthattheyexistInaddition,theimplicationsthathumanbeings haveplayedparteitherintentionallyorunintentionallyhasledtothemodificationofthissystems leadingtowhatisreferredtoasenvironmentaldegradation.Thesefarreachingconsequences happenonacrosstheglobe,thusposinga

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TheImportanceOfEnvironmentalProtection

IntroductionandBackgroundCheck

Environmentalprotectionisanimportantandinterestingsubjectbecauseofitssensitivityasfaras thequalityoflifeisconcerned.Themattertodowiththeenvironmentalconservationandprotection hasbecomeatopicofconcernallovertheworldasnationsseekthesolutiontothedegrading environmentItisgloballyacceptedthatthecurrenttrendsinthequalityofenvironmentarewanting andcallforsustainabledevelopmentthroughglobalgovernance.GlobalGovernancereferstothe politicalcollaborationandcooperationbetweennationswiththeobjectiveoffindingfavorableand lastingsolutionstoproblemsaffectingonecountry,countriesorextensivegeographicalregion Majoritynationshavejoinedhandstodiscusspossibilitiesandwaysthatenvironmental conservationandprotectioncanberealized.Theyhavecontinuedtogivethismatteranupfront considerationowingtoitsimportanceandsensitivity.TheUnitedNations,throughtheUnited NationsEnvironmentalProgramUNEP,guidesthedevelopingnationsundertakingdevelopment projectsthathavebeenidentifiedtobeathreattothequalityoftheenvironment(Desai,2012)Itis clearthatenvironmentislifeandwithoutit,therewillbenolife.TheUNEP,abranchofUnited Nationsisobligatedtocarryoutandexecutingfunctionsthathelptoconservetheenvironmentin thedevelopingnations.

TheUNEPcoordinatestheenvironmentalprotectionandmanagementinthird

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Sustainabledevelopmentthatallowsthepresentgenerationtomeetourcurrentneeds,without compromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirneeds.Inotherwords,sustainable developmentisainseparablesystemofeconomic,social,resourceandprotectionofenvironmental whichnotonlycanattaintheobjectiveofeconomicdevelopment,butalsoitcanprotectthenatural resourcesofatmospheric,freshwater,marineandenvironment.Itcanmakethefuturegenerations liveandworkinpeaceandenvironmentalprotectionSustainabledevelopmenthastheconnection withenvironmentalprotection,butitcannotbeequatedwithenvironmentalprotection. environmentalprotectionisoneoftheimportantaspectofenvironmentalprotection.Thecoreof sustainabledevelopmentisdevelopment,butthepremiseofsocialandeconomicdevelopmentis controllingofpopulationstrictly,improvingthequalityofpeople,protectingtheenvironmentand usingtheresourcespermanentlyThereare5mainpointsofsustainabledevelopmentnowadays:1 thesupportofdevelopment,2.thecleannessofwater,3.thegreentrade,4.theexploitationof energy,5.theprotectionofenvironment.Specifically,thesupportofdevelopmentisthatdeveloped countriesenlargetheeconomicassistancetothedevelopingcountriesTheproportionofthe assistanceshouldreach0.7%ofGDP.2.thecleannessofwatermeansthateconomizingthewater forhalfofthepopulationwhoareshortof ...Getmorecontent...

Abstract:ThereisnodearthoflegislationsonenvironmentalsafetyinIndiabuttheirenforcement hasbeentoodistantfromsatisfactory.Thereismustusefortheeffectiveandefficientenforcement oftheConstitutionalmandateandanotherenvironmentallegislationsThecreativeroleofjudiciary hasbeensignificantandcommendable.harmonioustotheConstitutionalprovisionscontainedin Articles48Aand51A(h),manyPublicInterestLitigationshavebeeninstitutedintheSupreme CourtofIndiaagainstmanyindustriesforfailingtoarrangesignificantpollutioncontrolandalso againstPollutionControlBoardstodirectthemtotakeappropriatemeasurestoensurepollution control.Fortheaimofefficientandeffectiveenforcementoftheselays,itiscompulsarytosetupan AdjucatoryBodywhichshouldconsistoflegalaswellastechnicaladvisers.Caringforcontrolling andprotectingtheenvironmentisessentiallyawishtoseethatnationaldevelopmentshould commencedalongtherationalsustainablelaws

Intoduction:Theconservation,protectionandimprovementofhumanenvironmentaremajorissues intheworldHumanenvironmentconsistsofbothphysicalandbiologicalenvironmentPhysical environmentwrapsland,waterandair.Biologicalenvironmentcoversplants,animalsandother organismsBothphysicalenvironmentandbiologicalenvironmentareinternallydependent Industrialisation,urbanisation,

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TheImportanceOfEnvironmentalProtection

IntroductionAccordingtoMerriam–Websterdictionary,sustainabilityisdefinedas"of,relatingto, orbeingamethodofharvestingorusingaresourcesothattheresourceisnotdepletedor permanentlydamaged"(Merriam–Webster,2017).TheFederalGovernmentregulatesthespecific useandprotectionofnaturalresourcesthroughtheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(henceforth, EPA)In1962RachelCarsonpublishedabookcalled"SilentSpring"whichpopularizedtheideaof environmentalprotection(EPAHistory,2017).Themomentumforprotectionoftheenvironment grewuntil,in1970,PresidentRichardNixonestablishedtheEPA(EPAHistory,2017).TheEPA basestheirsustainabilityeffortsontheideathat,"everythingthatweneedforoursurvivalandwell–beingdepends,eitherdirectlyorindirectly,onournaturalenvironment.Topursuesustainabilityis tocreateandmaintaintheconditionsunderwhichhumansandnaturecanexistinproductive harmonytosupportpresentandfuturegenerations."(LearnAboutSustainability,2016).Thestated missionoftheEPAistoensureAmericansareprotectedfromhealthandenvironmentalrisks, nationalpoliciesarebasedonavailablescientificdata,environmentallawsareenforcedfairly, environmentalprotectionisaconsiderationduringthecreationofUnitedStatesforeignand domesticpolicies,environmentalinformationprovidedtoAmericansisaccurate,andensuringthat theUnitedStatesisaworldleaderinenvironmental

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Theenvironmentandthehealthofthesurroundingpopulationgohandinhand.TheEnvironmental ProtectionAgencytakesonthiseversoimportantmissionofprotectingthemboth.Themission statementoftheEPAstates,"TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency'sOfficeofSmallBusiness Programsistosupporttheprotectionofhumanhealthandtheenvironmentbyadvocatingand advancingthebusiness,regulatory,andenvironmentalcomplianceconcernsofsmallandsocio–economicallydisadvantagedbusinesses,andminorityacademicinstitutions(USEnviromental ProtectionAgency,2010)."Theimpactofitsmissioncanbedefinedclearlyasitexaminesthe impactofcontaminationintheair,thewater,andthelandonhumanhealthTheEPAshowmore content...

EnviromentalProtectionAgency,2011).Childrenmaybemoresusceptibletoenvironmental exposurethanadults;hence,protectingthemfromsuchexposureisvitalfortheirlivelihoods.In 1997PresidentWilliamJ.Clintonissued(CLINTON,1997).TheEOwasdesignedtoprotection childrenfromenvironmentalhealthandsafetyrisksMultiplereasonssupporttheideathatkidsare morelikelytocomeincontactwithenvironmentalhealthhazards.Toeducatethepopulousonsuch matterstheEPAformedthe(TEACH)website.ThegoaloftheTEACHprojectistocomplement existingchildren'shealthresources.TEACHdoesnotprovideanevaluationorcritiquethevalidity oftherelevantscientificstudies;nordoesTEACHderivetoxicityvalues.Instead,thegoalof TEACHistosummarize,compile,andorganizeinformationobtainedfromnumerousresourcesinto oneonlineresource.TEACHisdesignedtosupportnumerouseffortsthroughoutthecountrythat targettheprotectionofchildren'shealth(EPA,2009).Moldscanbefoundroughlyeverywhereon theplanetaslongasthetwomostbasicliferequirementsareavailable,moistureandoxygenWhen toomuchmoistureisavailablemoldgrowthwilltakeplace,especiallyifthemoistureisnot controlled.Eliminatingallmoldsandmoldsporesisnearlyimpossible,butitcanbecontrolledand issupportedbytheCleanAirAct.

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ShouldwekeeptheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency?TheEPAistheenvironmentalprotection agencyandtheydealwithkeepingtheenvironmentcleanandtheyenforcethelawstokeepitclean. TheagencywasputtogetherbyPresidentRichardNixononDecember2,1970Heputthem togethertoenforcethefines,sanctionsandothermeasures.TheirheadquartersisinWashington D.C.TheEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyalwayshaspeoplewonderingwheretheygetthemoney, whattheywillchange,andhowtheyhelptheworldBillClintonelectedtheheadofthe environmentalprotectionagencywhenhewaselectedandhechoseFlorida'ssecretaryof environmentalregulations.Tostartoff,PresidentBillClintonelectedCarolBrownertorunthe environmentalprotectionagency(CarolM.Browner50).CarolBrownersticksuptowhatshefeels isimportantfortoday'ssociety.Tocontinue,Brownerwonherrolebygettingherrespectgainedin 2casesasFlorida'ssecretaryofenvironmentalregulations(CarolMBrowner50)Brownerwas standinghergroundwhenthefederalgovernmentwentafterFloridatorestoretheeverglades. Lastly,RooseveltandPinchotwerefocusedonthewiseandefficientuseofnaturalresources (Geary226)RooseveltandPinchotdidwhatevertheyneededtogetmoreinformationonnatural resources.BillClintonchoseCarolM.Brownerbecauseheknewthatshewoulddoherbestinthis positionandwithallofherexperienceforthispositionandalsoRooseveltwantedtomakethe environmentbetterfortoday'ssocietyandalsoforallofthesocietiestostillcome.The EnvironmentalProtectiveAgencyworkshardtomaketheenvironmentbetterandtheyalsowork hardtogetenoughmoneytofunditAccordingtomultiplereportsPresidentLyndonJohnson,"took aninterestinpreservationistissues"(Girard100).PresidentJohnsonwasinterestedinthe EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyandwantedtodowhateveritwastobeapartofit.Tocontinue,a caseofenvironmentalpolicydevelopment,insufficientevidencetothebenefitthatenvironmental goodsprovidetosocietyandtoseeifitcost–benefitanalysisagainstenvironmentalprotection (Geary226)They

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Whenapassionforasocietalconcernstartstobecomeone'spriorityandtheyendorsethemselvesin actsofpromotion,recognition,anddirectaction,onemayidentifythemasanactivist.WhenIthink ofanactivist,Ivisualizeanindividualwhosharesapassionateconnectionwithaconcernand demonstratesgreatknowledgeandactiontowardsthesharingandthepreventionoftheissue.This semesterIfeltprivilegedtobeabletolistentoandobserveagroupofindividualswhoshareda commonpassionthattheyallfeltstronglytowards;theenvironment.Thelevelofpassiontowards anissuecanbeasbroadastheenvironmentaldeterioration,orasspecificandlocalasthewetland lossinLouisianaTheseveralguestspeakersthatIshowmorecontent

MyeengunHenry,whoservesasthemanagerofAboriginalServicesforConestogaCollegein Kitchener,Ontario.Myeengunwasaninterestingindividualashementionedhisactiveparticipation inmanyenvironmentalprojectssuchastreesforlifeandEnbridge'sLine9pipeline.Muchofthe environmentalactivismthatMyeengunparticipatesininvolvesandanimprovementinthehuman contactandspiritualrelationshipsbetweenfirstnationsandtheenvironment(Henry,2016,Lecture)

HumanhealthisvulnerabletodisturbancesintheecosystemwhichwasnotedthroughMyeengun's attemptstopromotethedevastatingimpactthatcouldhappenifLine9weretoburst.Toseean individualsoinspiredaboutanissueandtakeittocourtandfightforjusticeforhiscommunityand theirsurroundingenvironmentengagedmyknowledgeoftheenvironmentgreatly.Itengagedmy learningandhowlookingafterenvironmentalissuesthatpertaintoourcommunityhastheabilityto bringindividualstogetherandconductformsofresistancethatcanbetransferredthroughfuture generations(Henry,2016,Lecture).

Earthanditssurroundingenvironmentareahometoallofus,yetnoneofustreatitasahome Everydayweexploititsresources,polluteitwithtarsandsandtrash,and

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Introduction

Informationandpublicparticipationplayanimportantroleintheprotectionoftheenvironment.To thatendtheyhavebecomerightswhichareprotectedinternationally,continentallyand domestically,ensuringthatallcitizensandorganizationsareabletoplayanactiveroleinthe managementoftheenvironmentalatalllevelsByenablingpublicparticipation,governmentsare inevitablyprovidingtransparencyingovernanceandthereforereinforcingthelegislativeand institutionalsafeguardsthathavebeenputinplacetoprotecttheenvironment.Itisimportantthat someleveloftransparencyisavailableregardingenvironmentaldecisionsinordertoallowthe publicbeawareofdecision–makingprocedures,aswellthe...showmorecontent...

UnderPrinciple10,publicparticipationisacreatureofthreedistinctrequirementsFirstly,thereisa recognitionthatparticipationdoesnotoccurinavacuum;rather,itisfacilitatedbyahealthy understandingofthecurrentstateoftheenvironment.TheRioDeclarationrecognizedthat"atthe nationallevel,eachindividualshallhaveappropriateaccesstoinformationconcerningthe environmentthatisheldbypublicauthorities,includinginformationonhazardousmaterialsand activitiesintheircommunities."

Assuch,thereisaresponsibilityongovernmentstomakeavailableinformationontheenvironment andthecurrentrisksfacedtothecitizensTheRioDeclarationstatesthat"statesshallfacilitateand encouragepublicawarenessandparticipationbymakinginformationwidelyavailable".This includeseducatinglocalcommunitiesastotheenvironmentalriskstheyspecificallyfaceandtheir sourcesItalsomeansprovidinganadequatemechanismforgovernmentalbodiestoprovidethis information.

Secondlywhenthepublicisfullyawareofthestatusoftheirenvironment,thencitizensandinterest groupsshouldbeprovidedwith"theopportunitytoparticipateinthedecisionmaking–process". Individualsandorganizationsshouldhaveasayinthedraftingoflegislation,regulationand guidelines.

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