The Ideal and Reality Four Cases of China Coastal area Planning
Bin He, CAUPD Shenzhen China Seminar Feb 06, 2014
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COASTAL DEVELOPMENT Pearl Delta ----10%GDP
Yangzte Delta---18%GDP
Circum-Bohai-Sea 7%GDP
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上海
天津
CHINA COSTAL AREA
深圳
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上海
FAST URBANIZATION The destruction of environment
天津
深圳
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FAST URBANIZATION The destruction of environment
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Enteromorpha prolifera
规划管理现状 China coastal area Qinghuangdao
China Coast line approximately 18000km;
Tianjin
Dalian
yantai
Involved 10 Provinces and 2 municipalities,
Qingdao
65 cities；
Lianyungang
Shanghai Ningbo Wenzhou
Fuzhou
Guangzhou Shenzhen Hong Kong Macau Zhanjiang Haikou Sanya
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Yantai
Qingdao
Dongguan
Shenzhen 7
Northern China Coast
East coast of Yantai
Accept the fact West coast of Qingdao
Opportunity oriented development
he Reality
he Idea
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烟台 青岛
S
深圳 东莞
Southern China Coast
Dongguan EIP
For the eco-ideal Shenzhen Bay
Looks perfect, but what left 8
Yantai East Coast 2008 Muping ďƒ Northern National Coast? Yantai
sanya
Down town
Muping
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Yantai East Coast Kunyu range
Farm land
beach
windbreak
Golden hill bay
Area: 80 km2 Population :36 ,700 10
Yantai East Coast
Golden hill bay
Village
Village
Small golden hill68.6
Beach
Wind break aquaculture pond
Big Golden hill 98.1
Clearing
aquaculture pond And Salt pan
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Yantai East Coast The advantages of landscape resources high quality beach (white fine sand,27km) Wind break forest(national forest, more than 40 years old,20km) The best coastal scenic resources in Yantai
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Yantai East Coast Land use plan （2004） Industry orientation：Manufacturing, tourism Large scale of construction land
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Yantai East Coast Yantai comprehensive plan revision（2009） Little construction area was allowed Yantai comprehensive plan revision（2009）
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Yantai East Coast Spatial structure Proposal（2009）
West coast
East coast
Tourism center Grape valley
villa Tourism village
villa
Apple valley
villa Apple valley
Cherry valley
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Yantai East Coast ď ŽLand use plan 2009 Proposed land use plan
Bay rail
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Yantai East Coast ď Ž land reclamation
2009 Proposed land reclamation
Filling area Digging area 17
Yantai East Coast 2009 Proposed Urban Design
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Yantai East Coast “National blue economy strategy” Nov 2009, president Hu Jintao visited Shandong : "To build the Shandong peninsula blue economic zone", “Marine industries should truly become an important growth pole of Shandong economy.”
Jan 2011, “Shandong peninsula blue economic development plan” published by NDRC(National Development and Reform Commission)
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Yantai East Coast Yantai blue economy strategy, Apr 2012 “A leading area, multipolar rise" Set up the Eastern Marine Economic Area
Officer transfer, Mar 2013 The party secretary of Muping district was promoted to municipal standing committee, and head of Eastern Marine Economic Area
Yuantai Comprehensive Plan Revision; Jan 2012.
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Yantai East Coast Proposed plan, 2009
The inter-city high speed rail line Turn the bay into river(debt pressure) Expand the land of construction Housing and industry oriented Hire local planning firm for zoning Roads are under construction
Conceptual Plan revision, Dec 2013
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Yantai East Coast Thoughts The vision can be changed quickly; The debt pressure might lead to low quality urban expansion Speeding development may lose chances of optimization and of future better development.
Recent news: the party secretary was promoted to vice mayor this year, and he is about to leave Muping 22
QINGDAO
Down town Old town
West coast center
QINGDAO
Old Qingdao German style town with scenic bay view 24
QINGDAO
230m
3km
Down town
Olympic Sailing Competition Centre
New modern city center 25
Qingdao West Coast Comprehensive spatial development strategy of Qingdao, 2011
Qingdao adjust administrative divisions,2012
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Qingdao West Coast Center Unique landscape pattern “Mountain-river-bay-sea-island” spatial frame.
灵山湾
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Qingdao West Coast Center Hilly topography
小珠山
柏果树河
镜台山 256
孤山 129.8 赵家山 118.9
153.0
两河 东华山 85.3 华山 155.5 西华山
辛屯北山东望朝阳山
83.5 辛屯北山 95.2
朝阳山 149.2
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Qingdao West Coast Center 2012 July
International Planning Competition
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3
2
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Experts' choice
Mayor' choice
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Qingdao West Coast Center plan revision
Dec 2012
BDP
保护山体、沙滩，滨海开敞
Jan 2013
Central axis
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Mar 2013
Qingdao West Coast Center Center area plan revision
Central green valley
A
LID green network
B
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Qingdao West Coast Center
Mar 2013
Center area plan revision Central green valley
A
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Qingdao West Coast Center
Mar 2013
Center area plan revision Low impact green network
B
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Qingdao West Coast Center Sudden news May 2013
Wanda Group Will invest this area with 50 billion RMB for movie production and tourism center. It required 4km2 land reclamation and 2km2 land.
Jun 2013 4 km2 land reclamation
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Qingdao West Coast Center Final proposal
Nov 2013
Accommodate all the needs: • 4km2 land reclamation • Mayor’s taste • Not leveling the hills • Preserving most beach and rock 35
Qingdao West Coast Center Implementation Sep 12, Wanda Group won all the 15 auctions of land in that area; Sep 22, a grand opening ceremony of the new Wanda movie production center was launched. It’s announced that all the construction will be completed in 2017.
Wang Jianlin, chair of Wanda Group, China’s richest individual by Forbes Magazine
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Qingdao West Coast Center Perceptions
Development opportunity is overarching; The project would be much easier if we didn’t stick to anything Concession is inherent part of planning,
Not sure about the future of the project, it need time to observe
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Between Shenzhen and Guangzhou Total area of 2645 km2 Population of 8.22M
Dongguan
东莞
广州 南沙 中山 滨海
前海
深圳 香港
珠海 澳门
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Urbanization Features “Semi-urbanization” Different from other cities, towns and villages are the main body of urbanization in Dongguan. This “bottom up” model result in dispersion of investment and construction, waste of resources, environmental pollution as well as other serious problem. Urban space formed a unique regional landscape , which was described as "village like town, town village like" .
Village
39 Town
Urbanization Features “Semi-urbanization”
land use in 2005 40
Dongguan Eco-Industrial park Location
DEIP Dongguan downtown
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Situation in 2007
Because of the marginal location, it was a negative low lying space filled with garbage, sewage, pollution and was used for high tension corridors. 2007 land use
Land use
Area ďźˆ hectare
village
21.34
Industrial
73.38
Road
5.62
Civic facilities
10.86
water
1686.18
Farm land
1185.42
Forest land
Total
62.82
3054.14
village industry trees farmland Fish pound ditch 42
Polluted air
Polluted water
high tension corridors
Garbages
Garbages
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Repair and reconstruction of region water-ecology system ď Ž Water system
Drainage station
Sewage interception and treatment Canals dredging and widening Add drainage stations Central basin construction
Sewage pipe Sewage plant
New drainage station
NYL sewage treatment plant and wetlands Central basin
Drain station Water source
Wetlands construction DZP wetland for
Water treatment
Regional sewage reuse
DK sewage treatment plant
XS wetland for water treatment 44
Repair and reconstruction of region water-ecology system Gentle slope Shoreline Wetland Purify water Repair soil Increase biodiversity Gentle slope shallow wetland design
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the city image of “lake-islands” Region center, not “seventh town”
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Situation changes in 2011
DZP Wetland park
XS Wetland park
YL Treatment Wetland
YL Treatment Wetland 47
Situation changes in 2011
NYL canal
DZP canal
YL wetland
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Situation changes in 2011 2007
林地 耕地 落羽杉带
2011
NYL canal
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Situation changes in 2011 Eco-islands
YT Lake
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DZP wetland
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Green way
Greenway:25 km
Provincial greenway
Green building—MC building 3 stars certified
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Achievement
Till July, 2013 28 landfills with 1.75 million m3 garbage have been cleared up 2 billion RMB has been invested in Drainage and ecological restoration, 16 water conservancy projects completed Water quality got class â…Ł standard from inferior class â…Ł
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First provincial circular industrial park in Guangdong
National eco-industrial park approved
First National Urban Wetland Park in Guangdong
• Village remains intact, villagers are eager to build their houses illegally. • Former party secretary of Guangdong had praised Dongguan’s sagacity for it. • After the former chair of Dongguan left, the head of DEIP was transferred and demoted last year. • The new committee of Dongguan decided to develop more manufacture industry instead of service due to its down economy.
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Dongguan Eco-Industrial park Thoughts
Environment restoration is not cheap( Financially, politically) The balance is hard to strike between economic growth and environment restoration
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Shenzhen Bay Green Belt
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Shenzhen Bay 1980’
1990’
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Shenzhen Bay Green Belt 2000’
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Shenzhen Bay Green Belt
深圳湾海岸公园 overall Shenzhen bay coastline park
海上世界
sea world
2004 plan recreation Connection Preserve and cultivate mangrove Stop land reclamation Facilitate the pollution regulation 60
15 km linear open space promotes better city life, initiates urban development.
Super Headquarter
OCT Bay
Shenzhen Bay Green Belt
Nanshan Center
Sea World
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Shenzhen Bay Green Belt Before 2011Shenzhen Universiad
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Shenzhen Bay Green Belt
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Coastal highway on holidays
2013
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Circulation Two parallel cycle tracks Tricky subway line
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public space and function system integration ď Ž Vitalize coastal area Super Headquarter OCT Bay
Nanshan Center
Sea World
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OCT Bay 2011
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OCT Bay
2011
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Sea World
Plan and began construction in 2010
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began construction in 2010
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2014
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Woods Apartment Home price >USD$10,000/m2 (Surrounding area ,:USD$6,0000/m2)
USD$1,500/m2 @2006
Great pressure on home price 72
“Super headquarter” Proposal #1 ,2013
OCT BAY
SUPER HEADQUATER
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“Super headquarter”
Proposal #1 ,2013
Heart-stirring
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“Super headquarter” Proposal #2 ,2013
Quality of life Urban village
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Summary
cases
Ideal
Reality
Yantai
leaping development
Low quality expansion
Qingdao
A new Qingdao center
Oriented by developer
Dongguan
Restore environment, city transformation
Remain the old track
Shenzhen
Recreation City growth
Good, but the quality of life
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Thoughts Chinese planners :
Stick with an ideal in reality Know something about politics Super patient with changing Connect “bottom” and “top ”
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