OFI June 2024

ISSUE – JUNE 2024

bleaching earths 26 Waste not, want not

18 Role in biodiesel/HVO production

The various processes to produce biodiesel and HVO have their own requirements for feedstock quality, leading to different pre-treatment technology and bleaching earths

Adsorbents

22 Design and use of activated carbon

Activated carbon is used to remove a wide range of impurities during edible oil processing and producers must take into account properties such as particle size, activation level and base materials when designing an activated carbon to meet refining requirements

Spent bleaching earth oil is a sustainable feedstock for HVO and SAF but lack of logistics and volumes remain as obstacles to its development Port of Rotterdam 31 Biofuels hub

The Port of Rotterdam is home to several large-scale biofuel producers and refiners and is a key transport hub for the fuels and their feedstocks

Equipment & Technology

OFI 2024 annual guide

Oils & Fats International features a global selection of plant and equipment suppliers to the oils and fats industry, with an A-Z listing plus a company activities guide

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VOL 40 NO 5

JUNE 2024

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BRICS grain exchange?

Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and attempts to block Ukrainian agricultural exports – along with its booming exports of cheap wheat – have had a major impact on the global grain market.

And in another sign of Moscow’s attempts to influence global food dynamics and challenge Western-led trade, Russia has proposed a BRICS grain exchange which President Vladimir Putin publicly backed in March.

Such an exchange would bring together some of the world’s largest grain buyers and exporters. Last year, founding members of BRICS (Brazil, Russian, India, China and South Africa) accounted for some 42% or nearly 1.2M tonnes of global grain production, and 40% of global consumption. With new members Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran and UAE joining in January, the figures are 1.24bn tonnes and 1.23bn tonnes respectively. Apart from grain, BRICS’ top exports also include crude petroleum oil from Iran and the UAE; iron ore, soyabeans, corn and sugar from Brazil; fertilisers from Russia and China; rice from India; and coffee from Ethiopia.

For Russia, the benefits of a BRICS grain exchange are clear. The country accounts for nearly a quarter of global grain exports and its proposal would allow it to trade grain through sanction-proof channels and challenge the dominance of Western exchanges such as the US CME Group and France’s MATIF, as well as European and American traders such as ADM, Cargill and Viterra.

If a new exchange is launched and widens beyond grain, it would also achieve one of the BRICS’ main goals – weakening the US dollar as the world’s main trading currency.

About 50% of all global trade is US dollar-denominated, according to data from The Bank of International Settlements, and BRICS’ long-term strategy is to replace the greenback with ‘R5’ – the currencies of BRICS founding members – the real, ruble, rupee, renminbi and rand. Eighty percent of trade between Russia and China is now settled in Russian rubles or Chinese yuan, according to Russia, and the UAE and India signed a deal last year to enable trade payments to be paid in Rupees instead of US dollars.

This is not just anti-American policy – typically, countries wanting to regain control over their monetary and exchange rate policy, and reduce foreign exchange risk, may try to move away from the US dollar in favour of their local currency. They may also wish to reduce exposure to US dollar debt in the form of bonds, to avoid the risk of US sanctions, according to an FXStreet article in April.

“Sanctions means you freeze other assets, and those assets are US Treasury bonds. There is the thinking that if I hold the bonds, can [sanctions] happen to me? Why am I transacting in this third currency rather than transacting directly,” FXStreet quoted Bridgewater Associates CEO Ray Dalio as saying.

In reality, creating and regulating a BRICS grain exchange would face numerous hurdles, such as ensuring a level of liquidity for trading and attracting participants, including from the private sector, according to a 5 May World Grain article.

Canadian Agri-Food Trade Alliance executive director Michael Harvey also doubts the exchange will ever come to fruition. “BRICS members are not aligned on very many issues and it is not easy to see how they could come to a common position on international grain markets,” The Western Producer quoted him as saying. With Egypt and Brazil among major wheat importers, “you can’t imagine the Egyptians having the same point of view about setting supplies and prices as what Vladimir Putin has,” he said in the 18 April report.

On the other hand, it would be foolish to dismiss Russia’s proposal outright given the current geopolitical and trade tensions between Western countries and Russia and China.

Serena Lim, serenalim@quartzltd.com

EU/RUSSIA: The EU Council has approved the introduction of tariffs on grain and oilseeds from Russia and Belarus, effective from 1 July, World Grain reported on 30 May.

The tariffs would cover imports of cereals, oilseeds and derived products as well as beet-pulp pellets and dried peas from Russia and Belarus, which currently incurred no or low tariffs. In addition, the listed goods would be barred from access to the EU’s tariff rate quotas.

Applied to products originating in, or exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation or Belarus to the EU, the regulation would increase duties to a point that would effectively halt imports of the listed products, the Council was quoted as saying. They would not affect transit through the EU from both countries to other third countries, World Grain wrote.

“These measures will … prevent the destabilisation of the EU’s grain market, halt Russian exports of illegally appropriated grain produced in the territories of Ukraine and prevent Russia from using revenues from exports to the EU to fund its war of aggression against Ukraine," Belgian Minister for Finance Vincent Van Peteghem said.

Although Russia remained a relatively small supplier of the listed products to the EU market, it was a leading global producer and exporter of those products.

Due to the current global volume of Russian exports, the country could redirect significant volumes of supplies of those products to the EU, causing a sudden inflow from its large existing stocks and potentially disrupting the EU market, the Council said.

Deadly floods hit soya crop in southern Brazil

Brazil’s soyabean output is set to fall following floods which have killed at least 150 people in Rio Grande do Sul state left a quarter of the state's soyabean crop still to be collected, Reuters wrote on 3 May.

Three weeks after one of Brazil’s worst-ever floods forced 540,000 people from their homes, experts warned that water levels would take at least another two weeks to drop and five of the state’s seven main rivers were still above

maximum water levels, The Guardian wrote on 19 May.

The floods in Brazil's second largest soya producing state after Mato Grosso had also destroyed logistics and power infrastructure and left cities and farms underwater, according to a 10 May report by Splash.

Rio Grande do Sul's soyabean production could end up some 15% down to total around 1920M tonnes, Leandro da Silva, a manager at farm cooperative Cotrisal, was quoted as saying

by Reuters.

The losses could boost soyabean futures in Chicago as national production of the world’s largest soyabean producer and exporter could fall, Reuters wrote.

“There will be quantitative and qualitative losses,” Silva said by telephone from Sarandi, in the northwest of the state.

“For me, what remains to be harvested will be 30% to 40% damaged (on average). In the most affected areas, you will have 70% to 80% of [soya] beans damaged.”

Although the US Department of Agriculture had forecast Brazil’s soyabean exports to total 103M tonnes this season, 7.8% higher year-on-year, market players could readjust their expectations for the remainder of the season, Splash wrote.

Prior to the floods, national crop agency Conab had forecast soyabean output in Rio Grande do Sul at 21.89M tonnes and Brazilian production in 2023/24 at 146.5M tonnes.

Polish farmers end protest at border

A protest by Polish farmers at the Rava-Ruska border crossing with Ukraine has been suspended, lifting a blockade that had been maintained for months, Reuters reported on 29 April.

Following months of diplomacy by Kyiv, the farmers ended their last blockade on 29 April, Ukrainian border official Andriy Demchenko was quoted as saying.

Ukrainian farm minister Mykola Solsky had praised what he said was “constructive work” by Poland, the report said.

The blockade was initially started by Polish truckers at the end of last year angry at what they claimed was Ukraine’s use of a wartime easing of border restrictions to win market share, Reuters wrote. Polish farmers then joined the protest, claiming that Ukrainian grain and oilseeds were flooding their market, lowering wholesale prices and hitting farmer incomes.

In April, in a bid to address the protesters’ demands, Poland decided to pay 2.1bn zlotys

(US$520M) in subsidies to farmers to compensate them for low grain prices, Reuters wrote.

The dispute has stemmed from Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. To help Ukraine's economy, the EU scrapped tariffs on Ukrainian agricultural imports, allowing grains, oilseeds and other goods intended for export to countries around the world to flow across Ukraine's western border by land and river into neighbouring countries.

However, the 'frontline five' EU states of Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romanian and Bulgaria claimed these imports had suppressed prices for their domestic products. The EU then introduced a temporary ban on Ukrainian grain and oilseed sales to these five countries in May 2022, only allowing their transit. When the EU lifted its restrictions in September 2023, Poland, Hungary and Slovakia immediately resumed state-level bans on Ukrainian imports of grain and oilseeds.

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Russia seizes companies of AgroTerra

Russia has seized companies belonging to agricultural firm AgroTerra, including some backed by Dutch investment firms, according to a decree signed by President Vladimir Putin, Reuters reported on 9 April.

The move followed similar asset seizures by Russia involving Western firms including multinational brewing company Carlsberg, Finnish energy firm Fortum and German energy company Uniper, in alleged retaliation for steps taken against Russian companies by other countries, the report said.

IN BRIEF

ROMANIA: The European Commission has approved the acquisition of Romania’s East Grain by Czech company Agrofert, concluding that it would not raise competition concerns, World Grain wrote on 13 May.

Active in Romania, Hungary and Serbia, East Grain’s main activity is cereals and oilseeds trading. It also provides a range of related services including logistics, storage and processing.

Agrofert – a leading player in the Central European agriculture, food and fertiliser industries – said its majority stake (65%) in East Grain provided it with a launch pad into the Romanian agri-commodities market.

EU: Trade associations representing the EU grain, oilseeds, crushing and animal feed sectors have endorsed the EU’s adoption of the Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive, which establishes legal liability for corporations on environmental and human rights issues in European courts. The new law would be phased in over five years and includes rules on supply chain due diligence, affecting companies with more than 1,000 employees and US$482M in annual turnover.

In the decree signed on 8 April, AgroTerra’s assets were listed as being placed under temporary management of Russia’s federal property management agency Rosimushchestvo, Reuters wrote. The decree listed Dutch-registered firms AgroTerra Investments and AgroTerra Holdings as part owners of some of the company’s assets, the report said.

AgroTerra said it had not received any further details on the decree, but was operating as usual and focused on the

ongoing planting campaign.

According to BEFL consultancy, AgroTerra is one of Russia's top 20 agricultural landholders as of May 2023, farming an area of 265,000ha.

Founded in 2008, AgroTerra is a producer and supplier of mass commodity crops and speciality, value-added crops to top food processors. The company specialises in soyabeans, wheat, sugar beet, sunflowerseed, corn and rapeseed, according to its LinkedIn page.

Malaysia may offer organutans as gifts

The Malaysian government has proposed giving orangutans as gifts to major palm oil trading partners in a similar policy to China’s diplomatic exchange of pandas, Minister of Plantation Industries and Commodities Johari Abdul Ghani was quoted as saying in an 8 May BBC report. Malaysia hoped the policy would generate

the same goodwill as China’s panda diplomacy, Johari said. Major importers of palm oil such as China, India and the European Union would be offered the apes as gifts, Johari said.

“This will prove to the global community that Malaysia is committed to biodiversity conservation,” he was quoted as saying on social media. However, conservation groups had raised concerns about the plan, the BBC report said.

The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) said the focus should be on protecting orangutans in their natural habitat. “WWF supports in-situ conservation of wildlife and would urge that trading partners are brought to Malaysia to support this initiative, as opposed to sending orangutans out of the country,” the charity said. Native to Malaysia and Indonesia, orangutans are a critically endangered species as logging and agricultural expansion have led to a loss of natural rainforests where they live. WWF said there were around 105,000 orangutans on the island of Borneo and a few thousand on Sumatra.

COFCO ships deforestation-free soyabean meal

China’s largest food processor and manufacturer COFCO International announced on 16 May that its Argentine branch had made its first fully traceable and segregated soyabean meal shipment aligned with the upcoming EU Deforestation Regulation (EUDR), due to come into force on 30 December.

The company loaded 18,000 tonnes of certified deforestation-free soyabean meal on the MV Dublin Eagle on 16 May at its Timbúes port terminal on the Paraná River near Rosario for delivery to Irish feed manufacturer R&H Hall.

The segregated model applied to the shipment required the certified produce to be separated from non-certified produce throughout the whole supply chain, the company said.

COFCO said the shipment, along with previ-

ous shipments of deforestation-free soyabeans to China, were important steps towards meeting its commitments to achieve deforestation and conversion-free soyabean supply chains and reduce emissions from land use change.

“Thanks to ... investments in Argentina’s Visec monitoring platform, the country is now well placed to supply Europe with EUDR-compliant soyabeans, meal and related products,” COFCO said. Visec was set to cover all Argentine soya shipments by the end of 2024.

Under the EUDR, any operator or trader who places soyabeans, palm oil, coffee, cattle, cocoa, wood and rubber or their derivatives on the EU market must prove that the products do not originate from land deforested since 2020 or have contributed to forest degradation.

Photo: Adobe Stock

IN BRIEF

INDIA: PepisCo India has been testing a new oil blend of sunflower oil and palm olein in place of a palm oilpalm olein mix for its Lay’s potato chip range in India, India Today wrote on 9 May.

“There are often different recipes for foods or drinks in different countries, which is attributable to factors such as local preferences, manufacturing capabilities, ingredient availability and market dynamics. Ingredients are listed on every product we sell in India, allowing consumers to make conscious decisions about their purchases,” a PepsiCo India spokesperson was quoted as saying.

“In this context, PepsiCo India initiated trials of a blend of sunflower oil and palm olein oil in certain parts of our portfolio last year, becoming one of the few players in the food industry in India to do so.”

PepsiCo’s move came against a backdrop of concerns over the use of palm oil in packaged foods in India due to its high saturated fats content, India Today wrote.

Palm oil was common among packaged food brands in India, including salty snacks, biscuits, chocolates, noodles, bread and ice cream, the report said.

In the USA, PepsiCo used oils like sunflower, corn and canola for its potato chips rather than palm, India Today wrote.

Biofuel feedstock imports hitting soya sector in USA

A surge in imports of used cooking oil (UCO) and other biofuel feedstocks is having an impact on the US soyabean sector, Farm Progress reported from a Bloomberg report.

The increase in UCO imports was hitting soyabean processors’ profits, forcing them to slow down production and affecting expansion plans, the 27 April report said. Faced with weaker demand, companies were starting seasonal maintenance work earlier than usual and closing plants for longer periods, Farm Progress wrote.

According to soyabean marketing and consulting company CrushTraders, around 540,000 tonnes of crushing capacity were offline across the Corn Belt in April – a record for the month – including at major plants operated by agribusiness giants Archers Daniels Midland and Cargill.

In January, soyabean oil accounted for 32% of the feedstocks used to produce biodiesel in the USA, down by 44% on the previous year and a record low. This was partly due to lower cost alternative sources, which also had lower carbon-intensity scores, making them eligible for higher subsidies, the report said. Meanwhile, the number of renewable diesel plants was rising, totalling 539 in January, up from 384 the previous year.

The increased competition was also raising questions about future soyabean capacity.

Bunge global chief financial officer John Neppl was quoted as saying that several proposed projects or those in early stages had been put on hold. According to agricultural consultant Gordon Denny, there are 21 outstanding projects to expand soyabean processing capacity in the USA.

Cocoa-free chocolate firm signs Cargill deal

US cocoa-free chocolate producer Voyage Foods has signed a distribution agreement with global agribusiness giant Cargill and raised US$52M in funding, according to an 8 May The Star report,

quoting Bloomberg Voyage’s chocolate is made with blended vegetable oils, sugar, grape seeds and sunflower protein. The firm, which has raised US$94M in total, also produces a peanut-free

spread from a mix of seeds, sugar, legumes and palm oil, a hazelnut-free Nutella-style spread and bean-free coffee.

Voyage said there was a growing market for its products due to increasing demand for cocoa and coffee beans and extreme weather disrupting their production and supply.

Cargill’s category director of chocolate confectionery and ice cream Anne Mertens-Hoyng said Voyage’s products “offer more stable pricing and reliance on raw materials that are less subject to market volatility”.

As part of its plans to scale up its business, Voyage was building a new facility in the US Midwest, The Star wrote.

Sime Darby Plantation rebrand as SD Guthrie approved

Malaysia's Sime Darby Plantation (SD Plantation) has received shareholder approval to change its name to SD Guthrie Bhd, The Star reported on 29 May.

The world’s largest palm oil producer by acreage said in a statement that a special resolution was passed at an Extraordinary general meeting (EGM) approving the move, with overwhelming support from

shareholders, The Star wrote.

SD Plantation has been subject to a brand and trademark licensing agreement to use the 'Sime Darby' brand since its demerger from its former parent company, Sime Darby Berhad, six-and-a-half years ago.

This had imposed significant constraints on SD Plantation’s ability to make its own strategic decisions for the brand and

business, the company said when it first reported on the proposal.

Additionally, the brand SD Guthrie was a central part of SD Plantation’s history, referencing its recent past as part of the Sime Darby group and its origins more than 200 years ago with Alexander Guthrie, who founded Guthrie & Co, which started out as a trading house in Singapore in 1821.

Photo: Adobe Stock

Voyage Food markets its products as cocoa and coffee alternatives

BIOFUEL NEWS

IN BRIEF

USA: The US treasury has issued guidelines for tax breaks aimed at boosting production of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) under the Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Technologies (GREET) model, Associated Press News reported on 30 April.

Congress approved the credits – from US$1.25US$1.75/gallon – as part of US President Joe Biden’s 2022 Climate and Health Care bill. To qualify for the tax cuts, SAF had to cut greenhouse gas emissions by at least half compared with conventional jet fuel and feedstock producers would need to follow climate-smart agriculture practices including specific fertilisers and farming methods.

SINGAPORE: Singapore Airlines (SIA) Group has ordered 1,000 tonnes of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) from Finnish renewable fuels producer Neste.

The delivery would mark the first direct supply of Neste’s SAF to airlines at Changi Airport following the completed expansion of the company’s Singapore refinery in May 2023, which now had a 1M tonnes/year of SAF capacity, Neste said on 6 May.

US ethanol, SAF groups challenge EU’s SAF rule

US biofuel groups are challenging the EU’s ReFuelEU Aviation Regulation and are demanding an annulment of sections that exclude cropbased biofuels from the definition of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), Argus Media wrote on 3 May.

The Renewable Fuels Association (RFA), US Grains Council, biofuel trade association Growth Energy and SAF company LanzaJet had filed an “application for leave to intervene” before the General Court of the EU, arguing that the regulation would “have a detrimental effect on the US ethanol industry”, the Argus Media report said.

The RFA said their application supported a challenge brought by European ethanol producer association ePURE and Pannonia Bio, one of Europe’s largest ethanol producers, against the regulation, which was adopted by the EU in

2023 and set to take effect in 2025.

“[T]he contested provisions give rise to a de facto ban on the supply of crop-based biofuels to the aviation sector in the EU,” the organisations said. “Due to the substantial difference in cost between biofuels and fossil fuels in the EU, aviation fuel suppliers will not purchase biofuels instead of fossil fuels unless they are obliged or incentivised to do so.

“Since using crop-based biofuels will not help aviation fuel suppliers meet their obligations under the regulation, they will not purchase those biofuels.”

The RFA said it had also filed a petition supporting a legal challenge brought by European ethanol producers against the EU’s FuelEU Maritime Regulation, set to take effect in 2025.

Funding gap for Indonesian B35 programme

The Indonesian government will need to pay US$1.75bn (Rp 28.5tn) to meet the funding gap for the country’s B35 biodiesel blending programme, according to an official from the Oil Palm Plantation Fund Management Agency

(BPDPKS) quoted in a Jakarta Post report.

At 55.5% higher than last year’s subsidy, the increase was due to a projected gap in global diesel and biodiesel prices this year, the 29 April report said.

“The agency is targeting US$1.68bn (Rp 27.3tn) in palm oil export levies and US$1.75bn (Rp 28.5tn) in biodiesel [subsidy] in 2024,” BPDPKS corporate head Achmad Maulizal Sutawijaya was quoted as saying by local news agency Bisnis. BPDPKS paid out US$8.5M (Rp1.39tn) for the subsidised biodiesel programme in the first quarter.

The Indonesian government introduced mandatory B35 blending nationwide in August 2023 in a bid to reduce the country’s reliance on fuel imports.

US concerns over suspected fradulent Chinese UCO imports

US biofuel and oilseed groups are becoming increasingly concerned that large volumes of allegedly fraudulent Chinese used cooking oil (UCO) could be coming into the country, Bloomberg reported on 7 May.

According to US International Trade Commission data, US imports of UCO more than tripled in 2023 – compared to the previous year – to total 1.4M tonnes, with more than 50% coming from China.

The industry groups were urging the government to act to tighten checks on UCO imports, the report said. Similar con-

cerns about UCO from China were raised last year by the European biofuel sector.

One of the main concerns was that Chinese shippers were mixing UCO and palm oil, Bloomberg wrote. In addition, UCO was a third cheaper than refined soyabean oil and any alleged fradulent imports were benefiting from renewable incentives at the expense of US farmers, the report said.

US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) spokesman Nick Conger said the agency was aware of the increased imports and that would be a factor in establishing

volumes for the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS), which mandated how much biofuel must be blended into the country’s fuel supply each year.

“We are concerned that unless EPA and other agencies get a handle on this pretty quickly, it could potentially undermine the integrity of the RFS,” Renewable Fuels Association CEO Geoff Cooper said.

Asia is by far the world’s biggest UCO supplier, led by China, the report said.

China’s Ministry of Commerce did not respond to Bloomberg’s request for comment.

Photo: Adobe Stock

China to produce 1M+ tonnes of SAF

Biofuel producers in China have plans to invest more than US$1bn in the country’s first plants to turn waste cooking oil into sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) for export and to meet domestic demand, Reuters reported on 17 May.

Chinese firms – including Junheng Industry Group Biotech, Zhejiang Jiaao Enprotech and Tianzhou New Energy – are planning to start up plants over the next 18 months to produce more than 1M tonnes/year of SAF, according to six SAF investors quoted in the report. That volume would be equivalent to 2.5% of China’s current annual demand for aviation fuel, Reuters wrote.

Once operational, the projects would use up supplies of used cooking oil (UCO) feedstock that China currently exported, the company

executives were quoted as saying.

Last year, China exported a record 2.05M tonnes of UCO, mostly to the USA and Singapore, and also supplied feedstock to biofuel refiners such as Finnish firm Neste.

China is the world’s second largest aviation market, accounting for about 11% of global jet fuel use, according to the report. The country currently produced less than 100,000 tonnes of SAF, mostly at an EcoCeres plant, which had been in operation since 2022.

The companies planning to produce SAF expected a compulsory blend mandate of 2%-5% into an aviation fuel market forecast to reach 50M tonnes in 2030, according to industry executives, who spoke on condition of anonymity.

Singapore Airlines Group orders Neste SAF

The Singapore Airlines (SIA) Group has ordered 1,000 tonnes of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) from Finnish renewable fuels producer Neste.

The agreement would make SIA and the group’s subsidiary, Scoot, the first airlines operating out of Singapore’s Changi Airport to receive SAF produced at Neste’s refinery in the country, made from renewable waste and residue raw materials, such as used cooking oil (UCO) and animal fat waste, Neste said on 6 May.

After blending Neste’s SAF with conventional jet fuel, Neste said it would deliver the fuel to Changi Airport’s fuel hydrant system in two batches, firstly in the second quarter of this year and again in the fourth quarter. The delivery would also mark the first direct supply of Neste’s SAF to airlines at Changi Airport following the completed expansion of the company’s Singapore refinery in May 2023, which now had 1M tonnes/year of SAF capacity, Neste said.

IN BRIEF

PHILIPPINES: On 20 May, the Department of Energy announced new guidelines for oil industry participants to blend coconut methyl ester (CME) blend in all diesel fuel sold nationwide of 3% from 1 October, 4% by October 2025 and 5% by October 2026.

The DoE said increasing CME blending was expected to increase market opportunities for coconut farmers, biodiesel producers and other stakeholders in the coconut industry, with a 1% mandatory increase in CME blending requiring around 900M additional nuts to produce around 100M-120M litres of additional CME. To ensure a smooth transition, the oil industry would have to maintain sufficient storage capacity, blending facilities, transport systems, dedicated storage tanks and dispensing pumps, the DoE said.

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Eni to sell stakes in biofuel, bioplastics units

Italian energy group Eni has plans to sell stakes in its biofuel and bioplastic units in a bid to speed up its energy transition, Reuters reported three sources as saying.

The group had started preliminary discussions with industrial investors to find a partner interested in a stake of up to 10% in its biofuel unit Enilive, which could be valued at €10bn (US$10.64bn) or more including debt, the sources were quoted as saying in the 15 April report.

Eni was also in talks with two potential

IN BRIEF

VIETNAM: Leading global spandex maker Hyosung, South Korea, announced on 3 April that it planned to invest US$1bn in a Vietnam site to produce bio-based 1,4-butanediol (BDO), a raw material for poly-tetramethylene-ether-glycol (PTMG), which is used to make spandex. Other BDO applications include engineering plastics, biodegradable packaging, footwear insoles and industrial compounds.

Using Genomatica’s fermentation technology, sugar would be converted into BDO at the new site, which would be used to mass-produce spandex at Hyosung’s Dong Nai Spandex factory, the firm said, adding that it planned to produce 50,000 tonnes/year of BDO by 2026 and 200,000 tonnes/year by 2035.

THAILAND: Finnish start-up Nordic Bioproducts Group (NBG) has signed an agreement with Thai bioplastic producer PTT MCC Biochem to develop next-generation bioplastics, specifically new grades of bio-polybutylene succinate (BioPBS), NBG said on 11 April. The project would focus on ‘home compostable’ materials, targeting single-use products such as coffee capsules, cutlery, containers, plates and mugs.

buyers to sell up to 30% of its bioplastic business Novamont, which could be valued around €1bn (US$1.64bn) including debt, the sources said.

These efforts were part of the €50bn (US$53.11bn) group’s overall strategy to set up separate entities – or “satellite” companies – that could attract specialised investors, helping Eni to fund greener businesses without impacting resources for its oil and gas activities, Reuters wrote.

Eni may also consider listing Enilive in

a second step, two of the sources said, either through an initial public offering or a spin-off depending on market conditions and the group’s needs.

Enilive comprises multi-fuel service stations and biorefineries in Italy and overseas.

In its 2024-2027 plan Eni had forecast the unit’s core earnings rising to €1.2bn (US$1.27bn) in 2025 from €1bn (US1.06bn) expected this year, the report said.

BASF launches compostable biopolymer

chemical firm BASF has launched a compostable biopolymer for commercial greenhouse twines.

Comprising BASF’s part petroleum-based compostable plastic called ecoflex FS and polylactic acid (PLA) from corn starch, ecovio T 2206 had

been certified as industrial compostable according to EN13432 and was biodegradable in compost within four weeks, BASF said on 26 April.

“Both components of ecovio – ecoflex and PLA – are biodegradable,” BASF head of research for biopolymers Prof

Andreas Künkel said. “For a material to be biodegradable, it is unimportant whether the feedstock is plant- or petroleum-based. What matters is the structure of the molecules. Because this synthetic polymer has been engineered for … biodegradability, microorganisms can easily digest it.”

As the twines were biodegradable, BASF said they could be collected together with plant residues after harvesting, and transported to industrial composting facilities.

“In the controlled conditions of an industrial composting plant – high temperature and humidity and defined oxygen levels – microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria break the plastic down into water, CO2 and biomass,” BASF said.

AmphiStar secures €6M to launch biosurfactants

Belgian start-up AmphiStar announced on 17 April that it had secured €6M (US$6.43M) in funding to launch its range of waste-based biosurfactants and planned to build a 1,000 tonnes/ year plant to commercialise the range.

Following the launch of the company’s first commercially-available biosurfactant last year with sustainable cleaning product company Ecover, AmphiStar co-founder and CEO Sophie Roelants said the firm – established in 2021 – was now looking to form further partnerships.

AmphiStar’s range of microbial surfactants are produced from locally-sourced waste and side-steams from the agri-food industry, such as supermarket food waste. It uses a technology

similar to brewing beer, based on the yeast organism Starmerella bombicola, to produce over 25 specific variants of glycolipid biosurfactants suitable for a range of drop-in functions, including cleaning and cosmetic products. Both conventional first-generation biomass feedstocks, such as glucose and fatty acids, and second generation biomass feedstocks such as crude glycerine and food waste, could be used in the process. Roelants said the €6M investment from the European Circular Bioeconomy Fund, Qbic III and Flanders Future Tech Fund would also be used for research and development into its biosurfactant platform and for the completion of regulatory and certification protocols.

German

Photo: BASF

Argentina to build new grain terminal

The Argentine government has announced plans to invest approximately US$550M in building a new grain port in the country’s Rosario region, World Grain reported presidential spokesperson Manuel Adorni as saying.

The Rosario region is considered an important agricultural centre for Argentina and accounts for more than 80% of the South American country’s agricultural and agro-industrial exports, according to the 22 April report.

Work on the construction of the new port, located in Timbúes on the Paraná

River, had started in March, presidential spokesperson Manuel Adorni said.

Timbúes plays a key role in getting Rosario’s maize, soyabeans, wheat and other commodities to global markets and is one of Argentina’s most important agricultural export hubs. Located 30km outside the city of Rosario, Timbúes is also the location of global agribusiness giant COFCO International’s largest facility in Argentina.

According to COFCO’s website, the facility can unload 1,200 trucks/day, process grains and biodiesel, and store 800,000 tonnes of dry commodities.

Other companies operating grain handling facilities along the Rosario port network included global agribusiness giants Bunge, Cargill and Louis Dreyfus, World Grain wrote.

Argentina is one of the world’s top leading exporters of soyabean oil and meal and the third largest corn exporter, according to an 11 March report by Seatrade Maritime News. According to estimates by the Rosario Stock Exchange (BCR), Argentina’s 2023/2024 soyabean and corn harvests will total 49.5M tonnes and 57M tonnes respectively.

HES storage expansion to be complete at year end

The expansion of HES Gdynia’s grain storage facility in in the northeast of Poland is scheduled for completion at the end of this year.

HES Gdynia Bulk Terminal (pictured) is one of the largest bulk sea terminals in Poland, handling between 6M-7M tonnes of commodities/year, according to a 30 April International Bulk Journal (IBJ) report.

As part of the expansion plans for the facility at Slaskie Quay in the Port of Gydnia, a new 64,000 tonne capacity grain warehouse and transfer conveyor system on supply and discharge routes would be built, HES said. The project

IN BRIEF

UKRAINE: Wilmar International’s vegetable oil export plant in Pivdennyi was hit by a Russian missile on 19 April, Riverside Tanker Chartering wrote in its May report. The damaged tank terminal was owned by Wilmar’s Ukrainian subsidiary, Delta Wilmar Ukraine. The group said it would take about six months to rebuild the burnt oil tanks but as only a few were destroyed, operations were expected to resume in a matter of weeks.

would also include new loading and discharge points for trucks and rail wagons.

The new warehouse would help alleviate recent grain storage capacity shortages at Pol-

ish ports resulting from supply chain disruptions triggered by the war in Ukraine, IBJ wrote.

Gdynia is the larger of the two Baltic Sea ports in Poland – ahead of Gdansk – with an

annual agricultural product throughput of 4-5M tonnes, including oilseeds. It was also one of the most important hubs for wheat in the region, IBJ said.

Grain and seed processing and handling firm Cimbria has provided equipment for the HES Gdynia project, World Grain wrote on 30 April.

Cimbria was also extending the Szczecin Bulk Terminal in Stettin, western Poland, and delivering four silos with a total capacity of almost 28,000 tonnes and a ship loading line with an intake capacity of 1,000 tonnes/hour. The Stettin project was scheduled for completion by 2024/25.

Drought conditions ease at Panama Canal

Drought conditions at the Panama Canal are expected to end soon with normal operations resuming by 2025, Freight Waves reports.

Ships faced long delays last year at the Panama Canal – one of the world’s busiest trade routes linking the Atlantic and Pacific oceans – as shallow water levels caused by drought reduced the number of vessels able to pass.

However, the man-made Gatun Lake, which supplies the canal’s water supply, had been boosted by recent rainfall and transits of product tankers and container ships had almost fully recovered, with both types averaging near 90% of normal activity, Freight Waves wrote on 15 April.

The state-owned Panama Canal Authority (ACP) said it was optimistic that canal operations

would return to normal by 2025, the report said. According to forecasts by the US National Weather Services’ Climate Prediction Center, the region’s warm and dry El Niño conditions were expected to end in the coming months and there was a 60% chance of La Niña conditions developing by August, which would bring cooler temperatures and potentially increased rainfall. The ACP recently proposed a US$2bn project to dam the nearby Indio River and drill an 8km mountain tunnel to connect the new reservoir to Gatun Lake. The six-year project could enable 1115 more transits a day through the canal but had been criticised by local farmers, whose land was at risk of being flooded by the adjacent reservoir, Freight Waves wrote.

Photo: HES

Gdynia

Mexico delays ban on GM corn

The Mexican government has delayed the introduction of a ban on imports of genetically modified (GM) corn into the country from the USA until 2025, the Farms News website reported on 15 April.

Originally due to come into force by March 2024, the delay would allow more time for Mexican officials and industry to analyse the potential economic impact of a ban and explore alternative practices, the report said.

The ban was decreed on 1 January 2021 in a bid to protect native corn varieties and

IN BRIEF

CHINA: The Ministry of Agriculture has approved a gene edited (GE) wheat genome resistant to powdery mildew for the first time in the country, the South China Morning Post (SCMP) reported on 12 May, paving the way for the crop to be grown for food.

China had been cautious in adopting biotechnology, with the first approvals for GM corn and soyabeans –mainly imported for animal feed – only occurring a few years ago, and the first approval guidelines for submitting genome edits only released in 2022, the SCMP said.

The approval for GE wheat was seen as a milestone, as the crop would be mainly grown for food consumption, the report said.

eliminate the use of the herbicide glyphosate.

Mexico imports about 17M tonnes of corn from the USA, mainly yellow corn for use in feed production, while white corn totals around 5% of that volume. The majority of US corn is genetically modified.

After the USA threatened trade retaliation, the Mexican government announced another decree in February relaxing some of the restrictions but maintained the ban on GM corn for certain uses, specifically human consumption, including tortillas and

dough made mainly from white corn.

Most of Mexico’s imports from the USA are yellow corn for use in animal feed and industrial purposes.

Farm News wrote that the new interim period was crucial for the seed industry, which may need to move towards producing non-GM and alternative crops.

During the postponement period, Mexico’s relevant ministries and the Federal Commission for Protection against Health Risks would continue to look for alternatives to glyphosate, the report said.

USDA approves pork protein soyabeans

Food ingredient company Moolec Science said on 22 May that the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) had approved its range of soyabeans containing pork proteins.

The USDA’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) had found that Moolec’s genetically engineered Piggy Sooy product

was unlikely to pose an increased risk of pests compared to non-modified soyabeans. Following regulatory clearance, the company would be able to plant and transport Piggy Sooy soyabeans without permits, Moolec co-founder and CEO Gastón Paladini said.

Moolec has been developing a range of meat proteins in plants aimed at improving the taste, appearance, texture and nutrition of meat alternatives. The firm’s product portfolio includes other crops such as safflower and pea.

In June 2023, the company announced that Piggy Sooy seeds had achieved high levels of expression of pork protein (up to 26.6% of the total soluble protein) and had patented its technology, which produces beans with a pink hue like pork. At the time of launching the product, Moolec said the company’s technology could be used across a wide variety of proteins for industries such as food, pharma, cosmetic and diagnostic re-agents.

Moolec said its next step was the completion of its consultation with the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) before making the Piggy Sooy ingredient available commercially.

Bayer reapplies for EPA dicamba approval in wake of ban

German chemical giant Bayer has asked the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to approve different uses for its banned Xtendimax herbicide, designed for dicamba-tolerant soyabeans and cotton, AgriPulse reported on 5 May.

On 6 February, a federal judge in Arizona had cancelled the EPA’s registrations of dicamba-based weedkillers from 2020, saying the agency violated procedures mandating public input, a 7 February Reuters report said at the time. The ruling affected Bayer’s XtendiMax, BASF’s Engenia and Sygnenta’s Tavium herbicides and was supported by environmental activists as the sprays were

known to drift away and damage crops not tolerant to the chemical.

In Bayer’s new label application, the firm had proposed a 12 June cut-off date for application in soyabeans and an end to post-emergence or ‘over the top’ spraying to reduce drift, AgriPulse wrote. For cotton, it had proposed post-emergent use up to 30 July, the same current cut-off date. The proposal also specified up to two applications, while the current one did not specify the number of applications permitted.

However, the Center for Biological Diversity (CBD) said the modifications were not meaningful. “These changes would not fix

the key issues that have resulted in past calamities,” the CBD said. “Cotton growers would still be allowed to spray into the heat of summer, when volatility is worst, promising continued massive drift wherever cotton is grown.”

Farmers had been using dicamba sold before 6 February this season, but were concerned that there would not be enough seed or herbicide for 2025 as Bayer’s new application carried a 17-month statutory review time frame, AgriPulse wrote.

The EPA has opened Bayer’s proposed label for a 30-day comment period, ending 3 June.

Photo: Moolec Science

DIARY OF EVENTS

8-10 July 2024

5th International Symposium on Lipid Oxidation and Antioxidants

Bologna, Italy

https://eurofedlipid.org/5th-internationalsymposium-on-lipid-oxidation-andantioxidants

14-19 July 2024

26th International Symposium on Plant Lipids Lincoln, Nebraska, USA https://ispl2024.unl.edu/

19-20 July 2024

1st International Camelina Conference Lincoln, Nebraska, USA https://eurofedlipid.org/internationalcamelina-conference/

29 July-1 August 2024

Hands on Practical Course on Vegetable Oil/Animal Fats/Products Processing including Biodiesel-Biofuel (VOP-2024) College Station, Texas, USA https://fatsandoilsrnd.com/annualcourses/

1-2 August 2024

Palmex Thailand Suratthani, Thailand www.thaipalmoil.com

20-24 August 2024

21st International Sunflower Conference Bayannur, China www.esanrui.com/isc

28-29 August 2024

Palmex Malaysia

Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre, Malaysia https://asiapalmoil.com

9-11 September 2024

OFI International 2024

Rotterdam Ahoy Convention Centre, the Netherlands www.ofimagazine.com/ofievent

11-12 September 2024

International Agro-Industrial ExhibitionOil and Fat Industry

National Complex Expocentre of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine https://oil.agroinkom.com.ua

For a full events list, visit: www.ofimagazine.com

Registration now open for OFI International 9-11 September 2024

Registration is now open for this year’s unmissable industry event – OFI International 2024 –being held at the Rotterdam Ahoy Convention Centre, the Netherlands, on 9-11 September 2024. OFI International 2024 will bring together all members of the oils and fats community under one roof and features:

• The one-day OFI Trade Outlook & Logistics Conference on 11 September focusing on prices and trends impacting the world’s major vegetable oils including war and climate impacts on shipping; and the impact of sustainability regulations such as the EU Deforestation Regulation. Confirmed speakers include Oil World CEO Thomas Mielke, RaboResearch’s Elwin de Groot and Odfjell’s Nils Jørgen Selvik.

16-17 September 2024

6th International Symposium on Dietary Fat and Health Frankfurt, Germany https://veranstaltungen.gdch.de/ microsite/index.cfm?l=11686&sp_id=1

23-26 September 2024

19th GERLI Lipidomics Meeting at the End of the World Plouzané, France

https://eurofedlipid.org/19th-gerlilipidomics-meeting-at-the-end-of-theworld

30 September-2 October 2024

2nd Berlin Symposium on Structured Lipid Phases

Berlin, Germany

https://eurofedlipid.org/ofiinternational-2024-2

2-3 October 2024

4th ICIS Pan American Oleochemicals Conference

Ritz Carlton Coconut Grove, Miami, USA https://events.icis.com/website/13907

2-4 October 2024

Sustainable Aviation Futures North America Congress Marriott Marquis, Houston, Texas, USA www.safcongressna.com

• The two-day OFI Technical Commercial Conference on 10-11 September addressing latest industry issues on sustainability, waste feedstocks and contaminants such as MCPDEs, GEs, MOSH/MOAH and chlorinated paraffins. Confirmed speakers include Neste Vice President for Renewables Production Sven Kuhlmann and the European Commission’s Veerle Vanheusden.

• The 3rd Sustainable Vegetable Oil Conference on 10 September organised by the Council of Palm Oil Producing Countries (CPOPC).

• A two-day exhibition of suppliers to the oils and fats industry.

• A site visit at the Port of Rotterdam.

For more information and to register, go to: www.ofimagazine.com/ofievent

9-11 October 2024

Palmex Indonesia Medan, Indonesia https://palmoilexpo.com/index.html

22-23 October 2024

Oil and Fats International Congress (OFIC) 2024 (+ Online)

Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre, Malaysia https://mosta.org.my/events/ofic-2024

22-26 October 2024

2024 North American Renderers Association Annual Convention Ritz Carlton Bacara, Santa Barbara, USA https://nara.org/about-us/events

4-6 November 2024

Sustainable Aviation Futures APAC Congress

PARKROYAL Marina Bay, Singapore www.safcongressapac.com

7-9 November 2024

5th YABITED Fats and Oils Congress Antalya, Turkey www.yabited2024.com/EN/Default.aspx

12-14 November 2024

Global Grain Geneva 2024 Geneva, Switzerland www.fastmarkets.com/events/globalgrain-geneva/

The effective technology and complex services

STATE-OF-THE ART OILSEEDS AND OIL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES

■ Horizontal agriculture

■ Local mechanical processing

■ Patented system of energy recovery

■ Complex approach including Physical Oil Re ning

■ Unique combination of extruders and screw presses

CAPACITY RANGE:

30-130 KG/H

FOR TESTING A WIDE RANGE OF HIGH-QUALITY

MARGARINE PRODUCTS SUCH AS:

• Table margarine

• Industrial margarine

• Puff Pastry

• Shortening

• Low fat spreads

• Recombined butter

The equipment will be sold fully overhauled, and carefully tested before shipment. Mechanically warrantee is granted. Ex works factory in Denmark.

INSPECTION & SALE CONTACT:

Torben From - FH SCANDINOX A/S - DENMARK

Phone head office: +45 7534 3434

Mobile phone/WattsApp: +45 4055 5359

E-mail: TFR@fhscandinox.com www.fhscandinox.com

THE PILOT PLANT IS SKID MOUNTED AND CONSISTS OF THE FOLLOWING MAIN EQUIPMENT:

• Water Phase preparation

• Water Phase pre-heating (Gerstenberg & Agger consistator)

• Emulsion pre-mix and buffer

• Crystallisation (Gerstenberg & Agger) Incl. HP pump, pinmixers, phase inverter

• Resting tube

• NH3 refrigeration unit for Perfector

• Integrated Hot water system

• SCADA automation system

BLEACHING EARTHS

The varying processes to produce biodiesel and HVO have their own requirements for feedstock quality, leading to different pre-treatment technology and bleaching earths

Dr Patrick Howes

Role in biodiesel/ HVO production

There has been increasing interest in biofuels due to finite supplies of fossil fuels, the desire to reduce the carbon intensity of fuels in order to cut greenhouse gas contribution to global warming, and the general desire for a more sustainable future.

The first generation of biofuels included bioethanol and biodiesel. Bioethanol is utilised in blends with petroleum for spark ignition engines (petrol internal combustion engines), whereas biodiesel is used in compression combustion engines (diesel engines).

Bioethanol can be manufactured via the fermentation of sugars or other carbohydrates sources such as corn, maize, sugar beet and waste straw. Bioethanol is usually blended at a rate of 15% in petrol, although up to 85% bioethanol can be handled by some engines. Bioethanol is biodegradable and, due to being distilled, is clear and colourless.

Biodiesel can be manufactured from

edible oils (triglyceride oils) or fatty acids, yielding fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs).

FAME biodiesel is typically blended with mineral diesel at levels of up to 30%, although 100% FAME biodiesel can be utilised in some engines.

The use of edible feedstocks to produce fuel has raised ‘food vs fuel’ concerns and is considered undesirable.

FAME biodiesel can also be manufactured from used cooking oils (UCO) or waste oils provided that the oils have been appropriately pre-treated before esterification and/or transesterification processes.

Sources of materials for the sustainable manufacturing of biodiesel are plentiful. The current global production of edible oils is more than 200M tonnes/year and continually increasing. From this, more than 40M tonnes/year of UCO is produced. There are also animal- and vegetable-based waste oils such as palm oil mill effluent (POME) and palm press

Photo: Adobe Stock

The growing focus on renewable energy and fuel is leading to greater production of biofuels from waste feedstocks

u BLEACHING EARTHS

fibre oil (PPFO) that can be utilised as feedstocks for biofuels once properly pretreated. Other renewable feedstocks are continually being developed to achieve the vision of a sustainable future.

Most UCO and waste oils are collected from restaurants or industrial food processing factories, with a lesser amount from domestic users due to difficulties in logistics.

The variability in quality of the various feedstocks sometimes requires blending before feeding to the treatment plant, to keep the levels of the impurities within the capabilities of the processing plant.

The main issues with FAME biodiesel are that it easily oxidises, absorbs water from the atmosphere, has a low cloud point and, in cold weather, leads to clogging of fuel filters. At high blend ratios, FAME biodiesel can damage engine seals.

HVO

To overcome the issues related to FAME biodiesel, the next generation of biofuels are paraffinic hydrogenated vegetable oil or hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) fuels. Paraffinic fuels are usually made from UCO, sludge oils or other waste oils. Paraffinic oils can be utilised at 100% as a replacement for mineral diesel, or in blends with mineral diesel. HVO paraffinic oils are cleaner than mineral diesel and are more environmentally friendly as they do not contain any aromatic hydrocarbons.

Paraffinic biofuel is typically manufactured by the hydrogenation of used or waste triglyceride oils or fatty acid distillates. After thorough pre-treatment of the feedstock, the hydrogenation process removes all the remaining oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine and sulphur. This produces a very clean, low-carbon oil with good oxidative and cold stability, with low sulphur and aromatics content and no tendency to absorb water, which has a higher hydrogen content and calorific value compared with esterified or transesterified biodiesels.

The composition of HVO paraffinic fuels are close to mineral diesels. One of the most promising uses of HVO is as a sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). Singapore has already mandated that from 2026, all aircraft departing from Singapore must use fuel containing SAF, with increasing proportions of SAF being phased in over successive years.

Pre-treatment

The three processes for producing biodiesel – esterification, transesterification and hydrogenation – each have their own requirements for the quality of the feedstock. For this reason,

the pre-treatment of feedstocks must be designed to meet the individual needs.

When starting from virgin edible oils the pre-treatment process can be the same as that normally utilised in edible oil refineries. When the feedstock is used or waste oil, the pre-treatment processes need to be more thorough.

For the manufacture of FAME when the pre-treated oil has high free fatty acid (FFA) levels, methanol solvent with homogenous acid-catalysed esterification is used, for example, with sulphuric acid or para-toluene sulphonic acid (PTSA). This is followed by alkali trans-esterification, with methanol and a homogeneous alkaline catalyst such as sodium methoxide. For esterification and trans-esterification, the catalysts are homogeneous. For HVO, the catalyst is heterogeneous.

The composition of UCOs and waste oils can be very variable. UCO can contain a wide spectrum of impurities that need to be removed. These impurities include:

• Solids such as burnt food fragments

• Spices and salts from seasonings including sodium chloride and MSG

• Phosphorous and nitrogen compounds

• Proteins from foodstuffs

• Metals such as sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron, copper and other trace metals from the foodstuff or implements that have been in contact with the oil.

• Oxidised and polymerised oils and fats including those from the foodstuffs that have been cooked in the oil.

• Plastics that have inadvertently entered the oil such as from packaging materials or ear tags from animals in the rendering process, or deliberately added to the oil in the form of straws or plastic bags to increase the crispness of products deep-fried in the oil.

• Dark brown melanoidin pigments formed from the Maillard reaction between amino acids and reducing sugars at the high temperatures of deep fat frying.

All these impurities need to be reduced or removed during pre-treatment of the oil, otherwise downstream processing will be adversely affected and the desired product specification will not be met.

Filtration

An important first step in the treatment of UCO and waste oils is to filter the oil to remove any solid impurities such as sand, food solids and plastic solids.

Water washing the filtered oil is beneficial for reducing or removing watersoluble impurities such as soaps, salts and

some other polar organometallics.

Wet or dry degumming with phosphoric or citric acid, other degumming agents or enzymatic degumming is required to remove or condition the phosphorous gums and metals salts as far as possible before the bleaching stage.

Chelative degumming with citric acid enhances the removal of phosphorous and metals.

Wet degumming is preferred for UCO and waste oils even if the phosphorous level is below 50ppm, as wet degumming will also enhance the removal of other impurities, thereby reducing the demands on the bleaching earth and minimising bleaching earth consumption.

If gums and soaps are not removed, they can block the surface and the pores of the bleaching earth, reducing its efficiency.

At the adsorbent stage, the bleaching earth adsorbs or decomposes oxidation products such as hydroperoxides, aldehydes, ketones, heterocyclics, polymers, pigments, residual soaps, phosphorous compounds and trace metals.

Natural vs activated

There are differences in the ways natural and acid activated earths perform.

Natural bentonite clays act mainly as adsorbents and have a higher cation exchange capacity (CEC) compared with acid-activated bleaching earths.

Acid-activated bleaching earths have adsorbent properties and are solid acid catalysts. The acid catalytic properties allow acid-activated bleaching earths to decompose the primary oxidation products – hydroperoxides – into secondary oxidation products such as aldehydes and ketones, which may then be adsorbed by the bleaching earth.

Residual soaps can be adsorbed onto the exterior surface of the bleaching earth particles and may form a barrier that reduces the performance of the bleaching earth.

Acidic sites on the surface of acidactivated bleaching earths can split the soap, yielding metal cations and free fatty acids. The acidic sites can also crack or protonate pigments so that they are no longer visible. Removal of some of the pigments is cosmetic, but larger pigments need to be removed to prevent them blocking the pores and deactivating the heterogenous catalyst utilised in the hydrogenation process.

While the acid catalytic function of acid-activated bleaching earths is useful for cracking impurities, there is also a downside in that undesirable acid-catalysed isomerisation and

BLEACHING EARTHS

polymerisation reactions may occur, depending on the processing conditions at the bleaching stage.

Natural bentonites have larger pores than acid-activated bentonite but a lower nitrogen surface area and lower pore volume.

Activated carbons have a high surface area and pore volume, and can have a full range of micro-, meso- and macropores.

Each material has its own advantageous properties.

Different adsorbents

A wide range of adsorbents can be utilised to produce biofuels including natural and acid-activated clays, activated carbons, zeolites, magnesium silicates and silicas. Each adsorbent has its own special properties. Bleaching earths are often formulated from two or more adsorbents to achieve all the desirable functions to remove impurities, while minimising any undesirable side reactions.

The selection of the bleaching earth is very important as some bleaching earths cause the oil to gel when mixed with UCO or waste oils, making it impossible to filter the spent bleaching earth from the oil.

It is important to remove chlorides and organochlorines prior to hydrogenation for the HVO process, otherwise the hydrochloric acid produced during hydrogenation could lead to excessive corrosion of the process equipment.

This can be achieved by utilising bleaching earths together with activated carbons, as activated carbons can adsorb both residual chloride and organochlorines.

Natural- and acid-activated bleaching earths pre-blended with activated carbon are now increasingly utilised as a costeffective adsorbent system for refining a wide range of oil qualities and oil types.

For the HVO process, it is necessary to remove those impurities that could adversely affect the performance or lifespan of the heterogenous hydrotreating catalyst by blocking its pores and surfaces. The filtration stage for the spent bleaching earth can be considered as a guard bed that protects the hydrogenation catalyst.

Spent bleaching earth

Spent bleaching earth typically contains about 20-25% residual organic materials. It is therefore beneficial to utilise the spent bleaching earth directly as a fuel –such as in in the cement industry – or the spent bleaching earth oil can be extracted and converted into biofuel. Fortunately, the hydrogenation process

that takes place at high temperature enables removal of residual sulphur as hydrogen sulphide gas, nitrogen as ammonia gas, and oxygen as gaseous water.

The sulphur can be beneficially recovered from the hydrogen sulphide. The distillation process following hydrogenation leads to very clean paraffinic fuel with no aromatics or oxygenated products.

Although current biofuels such as SAF can only be viable when they are subsidised or legislated for by governments, the desire for a sustainable future and the efforts to utilise a wide

range of waste foodstuffs and agricultural wastes as alternative sources of oil-based feedstocks indicates that biofuels will have increasing importance in the years to come.

Process plant contractors and bleaching earth manufacturers will continue to innovate their products to meet the challenges as sustainable biofuels markets expand.

●

Dr Patrick Howes is technical director of Natural Bleach Sdn Bhd, Malaysia and will be speaking on ‘Designing Bleaching Earths and Activated Carbon’ at OFI International 2024 in Rotterdam on 9-11 September www.ofimagazine.com/ofievents

ADSORBENTS

Activated carbon is used to remove a wide range of impurities during edible oil processing, and producers must take into account properties such as particle size, activation level and base materials when designing an activated carbon to meet refining requirements

Dr Patrick Howes

Design and use of activated carbon

Activated carbon has been utilised as an adsorbent for many years in the refining of edible oils, particularly for the removal of impurities that are not so efficiently dealt with by bleaching earths alone. Activated carbons also impart clarity and enhanced stability in fully refined oil.

The ability to remove a wide range of impurities including pigments, dioxins, pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), chlorine, chloride and organo-chlorine molecules makes activated carbon an important processing aid in the refining of edible oils.

While activated carbons are very useful adsorbents of impurities, historically, there have been problems associated with their use. This has been mainly due to the breakdown of the activated carbon particles into fines, the high unit cost of the activated carbons, and high oil retention of the spent activated carbons. High oil retention in the spent carbon results in increased refining costs.

The activated carbons utilised in edible

oil refining are in powdered form and are either added separately or preblended with bleaching earths. Due to the difficulty of cleanly handling 100% activated carbon, it is more convenient for refiners to utilise activated carbons that are pre-blended with bleaching earths.

The above mentioned factors need to be considered when designing activated carbons for use in edible oil refining.

Particle size, activation level

Particle size distribution is an important factor in an activated carbon. Generally, it is a good idea to have an average particle size slightly larger than that of bleaching earths, for example, 29 microns versus about 25 microns for bleaching earths.

The proportion of fine particles below 5 microns should be lower than that for bleaching earths, thus minimising the likelihood of breakdown into sub-micron fines that are problematic with poorly designed activated carbons.

It is important to utilise a low-shear blender when mixing activated carbons

Photo: Adobe Stock

Most activated carbons manufactured in China and the USA are coal-based

u

ADSORBENTS

Activated carbons are used to remove a wide range of impurities in edible oils including pigments, dioxins, pesticides, PAHs, PCBs, chlorine and chloride and organo-chlorine molecules

with bleaching earths. Pneumatically conveying the activated carbon and its blends with bleaching earths should be carried out in pipework, with no sharp or small radius bends to reduce shearing forces. This is to minimise particle breakdown into fines.

Fines generated from the breakdown of the activated carbon particles at the bleaching stage are mainly due to interparticle attrition from shear at pumps. The fines can break through at the filters, passing through the polishing filters into the deodoriser. They can also break through at the deodoriser polishing filters into the storage tanks, and thereafter carried forward to a certain extent in the fully refined oil.

When it comes to activation levels in activated carbon, it should be noted that higher levels result in greater porosity, resulting in more oil loss in the spent activated carbon and weaker, less durable particles. It is therefore necessary to activate the carbon only to a level where it still retains sufficient mechanical strength to withstand the forces encountered during the bleaching and filtration processes.

These activated carbons will not have the highest possible performance but can be utilised without encountering the problems of fines generation and high oil retention.

The yield of moderately activated carbons is higher than that for highly activated carbons, so the production costs are lower. For this reason, a greater

dosage of activated carbon can be more affordable.

Once the activation level has been matched to the strength/attrition resistance requirements, the next step is to consider the type of carbon-rich base material from which to produce an activated carbon.

Carbon-rich base material

Activated carbons can be manufactured from a wide range of carbon-containing materials.

There is an increasing move towards sustainable sources and particular interest in the utilisation of ‘waste’ materials.

The selection of the material from which activated carbon is made from is important in terms of the durability and adsorption properties of the resulting activated carbon.

Some common materials from which activated carbons are made from are coals (bituminous, lignite, anthracite); shells (including coconut, palm kernel and hazelnut shells); woods (such as pine, acacia and eucalyptus); and other materials such as peat, olive stones and bamboo. Waste materials such as sugarcane waste, used tyres, agricultural waste (seeds, shells), plastics (PET), clothes (polyacrylnitrile – PAN), and biomass rich in lignocellulosic materials (such as palm fronds and trunks) can also be utilised for the manufacture of activated carbons for certain edible and non-edible applications.

Kosher and Halal requirements must

always be adhered to when verifying the source of the carbon-rich base material as the activated carbon will be utilised in the processing of edible oils.

Most activated carbons manufactured in China and the USA are coal-based.

Producing activated carbon

The first step in the production of activated carbon is called pyrolysis. It involves heating the carbon-rich base material at about 4500C in the absence of air, to remove most of the volatile components, to form charcoal.

This stage may be followed by a washing step to remove components such as soluble ashes.

The charcoal is then further activated with steam and/or chemicals such as zinc chloride (ZnCl2), sulphuric acid (H2SO4), phosphoric acid (H3PO4), potassium hydroxide (KOH) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) to enhance the porosity and modify the surface of the activated carbon.

Steam activation at about 1,1000C develops the pore structure by removing some of the carbon via the following reaction:

C (s) + H2O (g) = CO (g) + H2 (g)

The carbon monoxide and hydrogen formed are burnt to provide energy for the heating of the carbon and generation of steam:

2CO (g) + O2 (g) = 2CO2 , and 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) = 2H2O (g)

The steaming process takes about one hour and removes some of the carbon, increasing the porosity.

The removal of carbon results in reduced yield of the activated carbon, thus increasing the production costs for the activated carbon.

Chemical activation is carried out at lower temperatures, for a much shorter period, resulting in an increased production rate, lower energy costs and higher yields. These factors help to reduce the production costs.

Steam-activated carbons are preferred for many applications as their surfaces tend to adsorb impurities without otherwise modifying the oil being processed.

Chemically-activated carbons, while still predominantly adsorbents, are more likely to act as catalysts that can modify the oil being processed.

Such modifications of the oil may not be beneficial to the colour and oxidative stability of the oil.

The nutritional benefits of the oil may also be adversely affected by cis- to transisomerisation or a double bond shift.

However, the different nature of the

Photo: Adobe Stock

surfaces in chemically-activated carbons can be advantageous for the adsorption of certain impurities. The structure of the carbon-rich base material can be beneficially retained in some activated carbons, whereas other activated carbons may be less structured or amorphous.

Pore size

Activated carbons can have a wide range of pore sizes within a single material. These pores are classified into micro-, meso- and macro-pores (see Figure 1, right) and their ranges are shown in the following table (see Table 2, below). It should be noted that there is no poreclassification system that is universally accepted.

The various sizes of pores are beneficial as each type allows preferential adsorption of impurities of a size that fits snuggly into that size of pore. The macropores and mesopores also act as pathways for the impurities to be transported to the micropores. The tenacity at which the impurities are held in the pores depends on the nature of the various sites on the adsorption surface.

Adsorption measurements in activated carbons normally utilise one or more of the following materials: nitrogen, butane, iodine, methylene blue, molasses and tannins (see Table 1, below).

While nitrogen Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) measurements can measure both the surface area and pore size distribution of activated carbons, it should be noted that the surface area as measured in nitrogen BET measurements may not be available for all the impurities to be removed, as it depends on the size, shape and nature of the impurity.

That is why it is useful to consider the adsorption properties using a range of probe molecules of different sizes and shapes.

Molasses have a molecular weight of about 200. Tannins are large molecules with molecular weights from about 500 to over 3,000 and are useful for measuring the larger pores in activated carbons.

Surface of activated carbon

The nature of the surface of the activated carbon is also important with respect to the tenacity with which the various impurities are held within the activated

IUPAC (1985)

carbon. This is particularly important during the steaming/blowing stage for the spent adsorbent on the filters, where the impurities could be lost back into the filtered oil if not held strongly within the activated carbon containing filter-cake.

The nature of the surfaces has been designated H- and L-type activated carbons. H-type steam-activated carbons – being hydrophobic – absorb H+ ions from water and are alkaline.

L-types absorb hydroxide (OH) from water and are acidic.

3Å (angstroms) = 0.3nm 4.7Å 4.94Å

17.0 x 7.6 x 3.3Å

ADSORBENTS

There are several types of different adsorption sites possible on activated carbon surfaces including graphitic and oxidised sites.

Conclusion

When selecting activated carbon for a specific application, factors such as the molecular size, shape and type of the particular impurity to be removed are important. This may be difficult when refining an edible oil as there can be a wide range of impurities present, all of which need to be removed. One strategy is to use more than one type of activated carbon blended with the bleaching earth, so that a wide range of impurities can be removed at the bleaching stage.

Activated carbons pre-blended with bleaching earth are now the choice of many for everyday refining, as the blended products remove the widest range of impurities, resulting in fully refined oils of good colour, enhanced stability, and crisp bright appearance. ●

Dr Patrick Howes is technical director of Natural Bleach Sdn Bhd, Malaysia and will be speaking on ‘Designing Bleaching Earths and Activated Carbon’ at OFI International 2024 in Rotterdam on 9-11 September www.ofimagazine.com/ofievents

>20Å >30Å for micropores (BET pore size distribution) for micropores for micropores for large micropores >15Å and mesopores for mesopores above 20Å for larger mesopores and macropores

McDougall 1991

< 2nm (<20Å) 2 to 50nm (20-500Å) > 50nm (> 500Å)

0.8 to 10nm (8-100Å) 10 to 50nm (100-500Å) 50 to 2,000nm (50-20,000Å)

<10nm (<100Å) 10-100nm (100-1,000Å) >100nm (>1,000Å) OFI (TIGG)

Table 2: Range of pore sizes in activated carbon

Table 1: Adsorption measurements in activated carbon using various materials

Figure 1: Classfication of activated carbon pore sizes

Photo: Adobe Stock

BLEACHING EARTHS

Waste not, want not

Spent bleaching earth oil is a sustainable feedstock for renewable diesel and sustainable aviation fuel but lack of logistics and volumes remain as obstacles to its development

Andreia Nogueira

The number of companies producing spent bleaching earth (SBE) oil as a biofuel feedstock has been increasing, but despite the opportunities that new regulations and technologies offer, logistics, the lack of feedstocks and manufacturing costs remain major challenges.

That utilising spent bleaching earths and clays is a good idea is clear.

Egypt-based Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute noted in a 2023 paper that while these minerals act as effective adsorbers –removing impurities from vegetable oils and improving their “visual aspect, taste, flavour and consistency” – the waste spent bleaching earth left behind “has been considered one of the main problematic hazardous wastes of the food industry”.

The paper, published by Science Direct, noted that SBE “is typically disposed of in landfill, which is costly, unfriendly to the environment, and represents an inefficient use of a potentially useful and valuable byproduct”.

Dr Patrick Howes, technical director at Malaysia-based bleaching earths manufacturer Natural Bleach Sdn Bhd, tells Oils & Fats International (OFI) that “there are many SBE oil producers globally”, including in several regions of Malaysia.

“It is our customers that generate the SBE that is sent to companies like [Malaysia-based] EcoOils or Gamalux Oils, who extract the oil from the SBE, and then sell the spent bleaching earth oil to biofuels producers and others,” he explains.

“Typically, SBE contains about 2025% oil. After extraction of the oil using chemicals like solvent, the residual oil in the SBE drops to about 1-3%. The extracted oil is then sold for use in a number of applications including biofuels production,” he says.

Waste oil recycling firm EcoOils prides itself on “deploying cutting-edge recycling technology to divert waste away from landfills while simultaneously generating” SBE oil, which can be used as a biofuels feedstock that can then be applied to produce sustainable low carbon fuel, the company website says.

Aware of growing opportunities in this segment, in November 2022, Singaporebased Shell Eastern Petroleum, a whollyowned subsidiary of the multinational oil and gas company Shell, acquired EcoOils.

The acquisition – which included 100% of EcoOils’ Malaysian subsidiaries and 90% of its Indonesian subsidiary – was part of “Shell’s ambition to increase production of sustainable low carbon

Neste produces renewable diesel from used cooking oil, tallow, fatty acid distillates and spent bleaching earth oil

Photo: Neste

fuels for transport, including sustainable aviation fuel,” Shell said in a press release.

Shell said low carbon fuels such as SBE oil will “help to meet growing demand for decarbonisation solutions from customers in the transport sector, including hard-todecarbonise sectors such as aviation.”

Market expansion

Dr Howes notes that “many companies in various countries buy SBE oil”.

For instance, Finnish petroleum refiner and renewable fuel producer Neste and Spain’s Lipsa “buy SBE oil for HVO production in Singapore, Finland and Spain”. HVO or hydrotreated vegetable oil is a renewable diesel created from lipids like vegetable oil and tallow.

“These companies will also buy UCO [used cooking oil] and fatty acid distillates that can be utilised as feedstocks for biofuels”, Dr Howes adds.

There is potential to increase SBE oil sales however, with a Neste note sent to OFI saying how “single raw materials like SBE oil” currently “play a limited role” in the company’s portfolio.

Neste told OFI that animal fat waste, UCO and various wastes and residues from vegetable oils processing currently represent the top three largest waste and residue raw material categories, but their usage varies from year to year depending on availability, price and specific market requirements.

The company is the largest renewable diesel and sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) producer in the world and says it has been using its NEXBTL technology, which was patented 25 years ago, to turn low quality waste and residues into “renewable products that have consistent high quality independent of the raw materials used”.

After removing impurities from feedstocks, raw materials go through hydrodeoxygenation, where oxygen atoms are removed by using hydrogen, which creates a pure hydrocarbon with high energy density, Neste says.

SPENT BLEACHING EARTHS

can also be processed into FAME through trans-esterification, in which neutral oil is trans-esterified [a reaction of oil with an alcohol], this time with methanol and an alkaline catalyst such as sodium methylate.

“The application of hydrogenation to produce HVO fuels such as SAF is relatively recent,” Dr Howes says.

“HVO is superior to FAME diesel and can be manufactured from UCO and waste oils. For these reasons, HVO is becoming more popular than FAME diesel.”

Meanwhile, also driven by growing market needs, vegetable oils and fats manufacturer Lipsa decided in 2019 to

dedicate its refinery in Huelva, south Spain, “to exclusively processing raw materials, including SBE oil, for the biofuel market”, it said on its website.

Lipsa’s commitment to the “circular economy and zero waste” also led it to inaugurate a plant at its Barcelona refinery in 2019 “for the recovery of oil that remains in bleaching earth”, using “a globally unique technology developed” by the company to produce a “unique” bleaching earth oil, the company said.

Challenges hinder expansion

Dr Howes says that the the global potential supply for SBE oil is about

Afterwards, the hydrocarbons are isomerised [a chemical process by which a compound is transformed into forms with the same chemical composition but with a different structure] to tune the properties of the end products for different product applications, the company adds.

Dr Howes explains that besides processes such as Neste’s variant of hydrogenation, SBE oil can be also transformed into biofuels through esterification, which transforms fatty acids in the oil to fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), normally by reaction with methanol in the presence of an acid catalyst such as sulphuric acid. SBE oil

SPENT BLEACHING EARTHS

500,000 tonnes a year, although its production can only be as large as the edible oil refining business, which is growing at about 3% per annum.

“SBE oil depends on how much SBE is available,” he notes, adding: “There is more availability of edible oils than waste oils, but there is an issue related to using edible oils for the manufacture of biofuels.

“Some people think that foodstuffs should not be used for the manufacture of something that we are going to burn. They want all foodstuffs to be consumed by humans or animals.”

However, Dr Howes adds that “the current use of edible oils for biofuels production, being close to carbon neutrality, could reduce man-made contribution to greenhouse gases, allowing future food production in areas that may otherwise be barren due to global warming.”

Felipe Cavalcante and Bruno Noronha Baptista, specialists in oleochemicals at the São Paulo, Brazil-based commodity broker Aboissa Commodity Brokers, explain how important logistics is in this segment.

For instance, Brazilian companies with know-how to extract SBE oil face “high logistical costs to transport a complex product” after use.

In such a large country, SBE oil producers would need an extraction structure in each region of Brazil, close to the industries that generate the waste, a network that could be “very costly” to run, they told OFI.

Given this issue, the process of extracting oil from SBE is “certainly much more expensive than obtaining other byproducts available on the Brazilian market, such as fatty acids obtained from refining sludge, cashew nutshell liquid, UCO, among others”, they add.

In addition, Bruce Patsey, an expert on SBE oil and board member for the American Oil Chemists’ Society (AOCS), believes “more and more plants” will extract the oil of the clay, but he warns that they “have to be big enough” and “have enough spent clay to be able to run it through those processes to take the oil out”, which is expensive.

If a company processes at least 3,000 tonnes of spent clay, it makes sense to invest in it, because it “can get a lot of oil out of that”, he told OFI.

In addition, companies investing in this segment have to obtain permits to deal with solvents, since they are potentially explosive, and “not every company wants to go down that path”.

However, the alternative is landfilling the waste, which “might be an issue” since the clay can smoulder and must be

buried immediately to remove oxygen and prevent it from becoming a hazard.

Cavalcante and Baptista still see possibilities to boost the SBE oil sector. Research has explored the pyrolysis extraction method, which is a decomposition reaction through heat to make products such as bio-oils that serve as alternative fuels.

They says pyrolysis is “a promising alternative for the extraction of oil from SBE, offering several advantages in comparison to traditional methods”, such as the ability to extract a greater percentage of oil and deliver a better quality product for biofuels.

With solvent extraction – the most common extraction method – “the final product may contain traces of solvent”.

On the other hand, research suggests that the “pyrolysis process extracts heavy metals and nitrogenous compounds [chemical substances with one or more nitrogen atoms], which are crucial points for the production of biofuels”, they say, adding that the second method requires significant amounts of capital to equip a plant.

Potential applications

In light of the commitment of the International Air Transport Association (IATA) to deliver net-zero carbon operations by 2050 and insufficient SAF supplies currently to realise this goal, SBE oil could theoretically be an option in this sector.

Charles Jans, vice-president of analytics and consulting at Londonbased market intelligence company Argus Media, believes that HVO/SAF are the “most likely applications” of SBE oil as a renewable transport fuel. However, he told OFI that SBE oil currently represents a “very small proportion of overall available feedstocks” for biofuel.

The sector faces not only a “lack of overall availability”, but also a “lack of systematic recovery in industrial processes”, he stresses.

Dr Howes echoes this view: “There is nowhere near enough SBE oil or UCO to supply all the necessary SAF” but oils from food and agricultural waste should be sufficient to give the required amount of SAF. These solutions may be mediumterm fixes for aviation, however, as Dr Howes adds: “By 2050, it is expected that hydrogen will be the fuel utilised by aircraft.”

That said, Patsey is optimistic that he will see diesel fuel and jet fuel produced from SAF in the market for many years to come due to all the support and tax benefits from governments.

For instance, the US government offers a SAF credit of US$1.25 for each gallon of SAF in a qualified mixture.

“There are a lot of airlines that want to get involved in this” because “they have no other way to achieve carbon reduction”, he stresses, adding that other main applications would be “diesel trucks and diesel fuel”.

Cavalcante and Noronha agree: “SBE oil is certainly a flow with good volume potential to be explored, and companies, mainly European ones, are increasingly willing to invest in this line of products,” especially due to the restrictions on first generation raw materials (natural gas, among others) and more authorisations for sustainable products, such as waste/ by-products.

“Besides SAF, SBE oil can be used to produce biodiesel and HVO [which can be used in several industries as an alternative to diesel, such as construction and rail] and can replace first-generation oils/fats in several applications, such as agrochemicals, animal nutrition, oleochemical products, paints, plastics, and rubbers among others,” they add.

However, not all biofuel companies are interested in SBE oil.

Claudio Rocchietta, founder of Italybased biofuel consulting firm BFPartners and former CEO of the leading Italian biodiesel maker Novaol, tells OFI that companies he works with are not interested in SBE oil.

“The feedstock origination is the most critical part of this business. There is a strong demand but the quantities of feedstock available are limited (…) and there is no way you can increase it.

“There are probably close to 200M tonnes of vegetable oils produced in the world, and palm oil has been prohibited for use in biofuels in Europe and in the United States”, he says.

Given the limits on production of vegetable oils, there is also a limit on how much waste oil can be created from them, and how much bleaching earth is used to process the oils.

Rocchietta sees more hope in cultivating algae as a biofuel feedstock, since “in 24 hours, the algae are duplicating themselves and there are several research and development projects around the world” regarding its usage. He also hopes for the development of technology to source biofuels from municipal waste.

Therefore, while SBE oil represents a sustainable option to supplement fossil fuels, logistics, regulations and volumes continue to challenge its development. ● Andreia Nogueira writes for International News Services, UK

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9-11 September 2024

Rotterdam Ahoy Convention Centre

The Netherlands

Solutions for Sustainability, Processing & Trade

Your delegate ticket includes:

 2-day OFI Technical Commercial Processing & Refining Conference (10-11 September)

 1-day OFI Trade Outlook and Logistics Conference (11 September)

 Entry to the OFI International Exhibition (10 – 11 September)

 Daily delegate lunch and refreshments

 Evening Welcome Reception (9 September)

 Optional company tour at the Port of Rotterdam (9 September, subject to availability)

Confirmed speakers include:

Thomas Mielke, Editor and CEO of Oil World

Sven Kuhlmann, Vice President for the Production of Renewables, Neste, Finland

Elwin de Groot, Head of Macro Strategy, RaboResearch – Global Economics and Markets (GEM)

Veerle Vanheusden, PhD, Policy officer - Unit E2 – Food processing and novel food, Directorate General Health and Food Safety, European Commission

Caroline Midgley, Director of Oleochemicals and Biofuels Research, Agri-business division, GlobalData

Kerstin Krätschmer, Wageningen Food Safety Research

Darren Cooper, Senior Economist, International Grains Council (IGC

Ludger Brühl, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI)

ORGANISED BY: SUPPORTED BY:

PORT OF ROTTERDAM

Located on the North Sea coast of the Netherlands in the Rhine-Meuse Delta, the Port of Rotterdam is the largest sea port in Europe, as well as one of the busiest and most significant on a global scale.

Although petrochemicals form the largest commodity moving through the port, Rotterdam is also a key location for the oils and fats industry. Oils & Fats International (OFI) previously explored the port’s role as a vegetable oil hub, and its storage terminal operations, in its January and February 2024 issues respectively. Yet, there is a third significant vegetable oilrelated activity at the port, namely biofuels.

Several large-scale biofuel producers and refiners are located at the port, which acts as a key transport hub for the fuels and their feedstocks, from receiving raw materials to shipping out finished fuels and their by-products.

Multiple transport links

The Port of Rotterdam is an important hub for the petrochemical industry because of its location at the intersection of relevant transport routes. With easy access to crude oil shipments and good links to shipping routes for refined products, it makes financial sense for petrochemical producers to locate their facilities at the port. The same is true for vegetable oils.

“Our total annual vegetable oil throughput stands at 8-9M tonnes/year, and that’s for seagoing vessels only. We are also seeing more coming in now via barging and trains as well,” Ronald Backers, senior business analyst, bulk; and Kesih van den Berg-Dominicus, senior business manager, bulk cargo and shipping; from the Port of Rotterdam tell OFI.

Biofuels hub

The Port of Rotterdam is home to several large-scale biofuel producers and refiners and is a key transport hub for the fuels and their feedstocks Ile Kauppila

According to the port’s 2023 throughput report, 10.5M tonnes of agribulk moved through the port, including oilseeds and grains that can serve as feedstock for vegetable oil and/or biofuel production.

Backers and van den Berg-Dominicus, say the Port of Rotterdam is unique on a global scale due to the variety of transportation modes it offers.

Most incoming seagoing vessels are parcel tankers able to discharge and load at 31 terminals, connecting to either storage terminals or other seagoing vessels. In addition, shipments can be received and sent out on barges, trucks or trains (although these are less significant modalities for biofuel producers).

Multiple storage terminal operators are also active at the port. “There is no other port in the world that has these kinds of facilities on such a large scale,” Backers and van den Berg-Dominicus say.

This presents biofuel refiners and producers with a competitive business case for locating their facilities within the port’s boundaries. Finnish biofuel and petrochemicals producer Neste, for example, found locating its biofuel facility in Rotterdam made good business sense.

“We announced in 2021 that we had

chosen Rotterdam over Porvoo, Finland, as the location of our new renewable products production capacity. The Port of Rotterdam is centrally located in terms of our product and raw material flows, as well as within close proximity to our key markets and customers in Europe,” say Sven Kuhlmann, vice president of production and the renewables platform at Neste; and Hanna Van Luijk, site director at Neste’s Rotterdam refinery.

“We also saw some synergy opportunities with the chemical plants in the area, while we considered the talent pool in Rotterdam to be first class.” They also cite the Dutch government’s support in positively affecting Neste’s decision to invest in Rotterdam.

Neste’s experience is an example of how the Port of Rotterdam has managed to emerge as a vital European centre for biofuel production and transport. A combination of excellent feedstock sourcing opportunities, easy access to target markets; favourable investment and operational costs; cross-industry collaboration opportunities with other operators; and governmental support have all helped Rotterdam attract multiple largescale biofuel refiners.

Photo: Neste

PORT OF ROTTERDAM

Biofuel producers

The Port of Rotterdam is home to four major producers operating some of Europe’s largest biofuel refining facilities –Alco Energy, Neste, Shell and Viterra. Their output ranges from bioethanol to biodiesel, renewable diesel and more, with significant facility expansions in the pipeline.

Alco Energy is a joint venture between Belgium-based ethanol producer Alcogroup and grain trader Vanden Avenne Commodities and operates a bioethanol facility in the Europoort area.

“The plant was originally built by Abengoa in 2010. When Abengoa went bust in 2016, Alcogroup bought the plant,” Rob Vierhout, vice president of public affairs and communication at Alcogroup, tells OFI. The plant’s capacity is 480M litres/year but Alco Energy actually produces nearly 700M litres/year of bioethanol from some 1.6M tonnes/year of maize through debottlenecking and efficiency measures.

In addition to bioethanol, Alco Energy’s process also produces around 300,000 tonnes of biogenic CO2 and 490,000 tonnes of distiller’s dried grains with solubles (DDGS) as by-products.

In the future, the Alco Energy facility may also produce additional products as well.

“One option that is of great interest is using biogenic CO2 for the production of a synthetic fuel like e-methanol,” Vierhout says. Another potential option could be corn oil. Alcogroup’s second European biofuel facility – Alco Bio Fuel in Ghent, Belgium – features a 5,000 tonnes/year corn oil sidestream and, according to the Alcogroup, corn oil production could also be possible in Rotterdam.

Neste began production at its biorefinery in the Port of Rotterdam’s Maasvlakte area in 2011. The facility currently produces 1.4M tonnes/year of renewable products, including biofuels. “Renewable diesel (HVO) is currently the main product at the Rotterdam refinery. Additionally, the refinery produces renewable naphtha, as well as biopropane as a by-product of renewable diesel production,” explain Kuhlmann and Van Luijk.

The Rotterdam facility uses Neste’s proprietary NEXBTL technology to transform various fats and oils into biofuels and industrial feedstocks for polymer and chemical production.

“Proportions of individual raw materials vary year by year, depending on availability, price and specific market requirements. In general, waste and residues account for over 90% of Neste’s renewable raw material inputs globally, while the rest

are sustainably-sourced vegetable oils,” Kuhlmann and Van Luijk say.

Neste has developed a unique raw material sourcing network. As in Alco Energy’s case, the feedstock arrives at the facility primarily aboard large sea vessels.

The Neste Rotterdam facility is currently undergoing significant expansion. The company has invested €1.9bn to install an additional 1.3M tonnes/year of renewable product capacity, which is expected to come online in 2026. In a separate project, Neste is also modifying its current facility to produce 500,000 tonnes/year of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), due to begin production this year. With the completion of the entire expansion project, the facility is forecast to produce 2.7M tonnes/year of renewable products, of which 1.2M tonnes could be SAF.

“By continuously improving our pretreatment capability, we aim to diversify our raw material portfolio and to process increasingly lower-quality raw materials into high-quality products,” state Kuhlmann and Van Luijk. To this end, Neste acquired neighbouring Bunge Loders Croklaan’s refinery in 2021. The ex-Bunge refinery, with a pre-treatment facility, tank storage, and a pipeline connection to the Neste plant, is currently undergoing an ownership transition in phases, with Neste projecting it will have the entire pre-treatment capacity available in 2025.

British multinational oil and gas company Shell is constructing a new major biofuels facility at the Shell Energy and Chemicals Park Rotterdam (previously called the Pernis Refinery).

Although Shell did not respond to OFI’s request for comments, its previously published information states that the plant is slated to produce 820,000 tonnes/year of biofuels, including SAF and waste-based

renewable diesel. The company states that the new refinery will not use virgin palm oil feedstocks and will instead rely on used cooking oil (UCO), waste animal fat, and other industrial and agricultural residues. These will be supplemented with sustainability-certified vegetable oils, such as rapeseed. The new facility was originally intended to come online this year but for undisclosed reasons, the date has since been delayed to 2025.

Viterra Botlek, operated by the Canadian grain handling business Viterra, is the fourth biodiesel producer at the Port of Rotterdam. The company declined OFI’s interview request but did state that its facility is counted among Europe’s “larger biodiesel producers”.

The plant’s primary feedstock is rapeseed oil sourced from European producers.

In addition to biodiesel, the Viterra Botlek refinery produces refined glycerine. According to Viterra, the glycerine is treated until it reaches a purity of 99.5% before being sold for food, feed, medical, cosmetic and technical uses.

In June 2023, Viterra announced a merger with Bunge, slated to close in mid2024, with the merged company operating under the Bunge name. Viterra and Bunge have not published details on how the merger will affect the Botlek refinery.

Storage-related operations

The Port of Rotterdam is home to several storage terminal operators (see OFI February 2024), some of which offer services to biofuel producers and shippers. Some terminals also offer storage for refined biofuels while not processing their feedstocks.

Evos Rotterdam launched its storage terminal in the Port of Rotterdam’s

Bioethanol, biodiesel, HVO and sustainable aviation fuel are all produced at the Port of Rotterdam

Europoort area in 1992. This facility handles ethanol and methanol products, including those intended for fuel use. It has 256,500m3 of total storage capacity, split between 19 mild steel tanks ranging from 10,000-21,000m3. Evos has a full suite of security solutions, from vapour treatment to leak detections, and is able to receive and discharge shipments through all modalities.

Koole is the largest storage terminal operator at the Port of Rotterdam with four facilities, each capable of handling biodiesel and one ethanol. Koole’s terminals at Rotterdam include Botlek (1.62M m3 total capacity), Maastank Botlek (87,000m3), Minerals (1.4M m3, including for ethanol), and Pernis (654,000 m3). Each terminal handles seabound, truck, train and pipeline deliveries, along with additional services.

Liquin is a new storage terminal player at Rotterdam, having purchased Vopak’s Botlek, Chemiehaven and TTR terminals at the end of 2023. Of these three facilities, the 882,700m3 Botlek terminal is capable of storing biofuels in its 179 tanks, ranging from 508-22,500m3 in size. As with its previous operator, Liquin offers biofuel cargo transfers through all modalities and relevant additional storage services.

Rubis Terminal Rotterdam, located in Chemiehaven since 2008, specialises in petrochemical products but can also store biofuels. With 277,000m3 of total capacity, Rubis has 66 tanks ranging from 1,20012,700m3. Like its competitors, Rubis has sea, road, rail and pipeline connections, and offers additional services, including mixing, temperature control, blanketing and more.

Standic, the smallest biofuel-capable operator, runs a storage terminal in

PORT OF ROTTERDAM

Dordrecht, which technically places it outside the Port of Rotterdam, but the facility nonetheless has direct waterway connections to the port. This 230,000m3 terminal has 161 stainless and mild steel tanks in 15 different sizes. It is connected by sea, road and rail links.

Vopak downsized its terminal portfolio at the end of 2023 and now focuses mostly on petrochemicals, but the company’s Vlaardingen terminal is still capable of handling biofuels and vegetable oils, including waste-based feedstocks. The Vlaardingen facility’s 620,200m3 capacity is divided between 310 mild and stainlesssteel tanks varying in size between 250-6,240m3. Vopak’s terminal serves all modalities except pipeline.

VTTI operates the Euro Tank Terminal (ETT) at the Port of Rotterdam’s Europoort area. With a total storage capacity of 1.4M m3, it rivals Koole’s largest terminals in size with its 42 tanks. The facility, connected to all modalities, has storage options for ethanol and vegetable oil methyl esters.

The biofuel-capable storage terminals at the Port of Rotterdam are all capable of handling sea vessel, barge, truck and train-based shipments, with some offering pipeline connections as well. However, not all these modalities are equally significant in terms of biofuels.

Vierhout, Kuhlmann and Van Luijk all state that sea vessels are key to their operations.

At Neste, both incoming feedstocks and outgoing renewable product shipments are handled, for the most part, by sea transport, Kuhlmann and Van Luijk say.

At Alco Energy, the situation is more complex due to the differences in feedstocks and end products.

“We only get corn in by barge; not trucks or trains. Ethanol goes out by pipeline to a storage facility. We don’t have any storage facility for ethanol on our site due to security reasons,” explains Vierhout. “DDGS is transported by barge or trucks, and CO2 is captured and goes by pipeline in a gaseous form to greenhouses all situated in Rotterdam.”

As well as being a significant biofuel production hub, biofuels manufactured elsewhere also move through the Port of Rotterdam. As such, being able to serve producers and transport companies with any modality is one of the port’s significant strengths.

Future direction

With Shell and Neste’s ongoing expansions, market analysts and Rotterdam’s biofuel

producers foresee that the biofuels sector will keep growing.

“We see that demand for renewable and circular solutions, like the ones Neste is producing, remains strong and will increase over the coming years,” say Kuhlmann and Van Luijk. “Currently, the global potential capacity for renewable diesel is about 11M tonnes/year and many companies are expanding their production capacities. We therefore assume that the market will grow and that global production volumes will triple to 30M tonnes by 2030.”

All sectors, biofuels included, face their share of challenges. The ongoing war in Ukraine, for example, has rattled markets worldwide but the conflict’s impact on Rotterdam’s biofuel refiners has not been as pronounced as for vegetable oil producers, according to Alco Energy’s Vierhout and Neste.

“The Ukraine war has naturally impacted companies, not just in Europe but around the world,” say Kuhlmann and Van Luijk. “But with our global business model –global raw material sourcing, renewables production on three continents and a global customer base – Neste has been able to navigate the changes in the market and business environment.”

The ever changing EU biofuels regulatory environment is another challenge.

“This creates uncertainty and instability and can put investments at risk,” says Vierhout. “We feel that at least until 2030, the demand for bioethanol will be good and may even increase slightly, mainly due to more EU member states switching to E10 and more gasoline cars replacing diesel cars. After 2030, it is difficult to predict what will happen. It will depend very much on how the EU legislation will develop.”

At Neste, the main challenge is ensuring that its capacity expansion project goes according to plan. “These types of large projects are always challenging due to their scale and the involvement of a large number of people,” Kuhlmann and Van Luijk say. “But we have our experiences from expanding our Singapore refinery and can utilise that experience in our project at the Rotterdam refinery.” ● le Kauppila is a former assistant editor at OFI

Sven Kuhlmann, Neste’s Vice President for the Production of Renewables, will be speaking on the company’s production of renewable diesel and SAF and its use of waste feedstocks at OFI International 2024. Hear from him and a host of other industry experts in Rotterdam on 9-11 September 2024

www.ofimagazine.com/ofievent

Photo: Neste

OFI 2024 Plant, Equipment & Technology (PET) Guide

Air Liquide Global E&C Solutions Germany GmbH

Olof-Palme-Straße 35, Frankfurt, Hessen, 60487, Germany puneet.jain@airliquide.com www.linkedin.com/showcase/air-liquideengineering-construction/ www.engineering.airliquide.com

Alfa Laval Copenhagen A/S* Maskinvej 5, DK - 2860 Soborg Denmark +45 3953 6000 www.alfalaval.com

Amafilter - Filtration Group BV Hanzeweg 21, Lochem, 7241 CS Lochem, Netherlands +31 7851251747

brunella.stefanelli@filtrationgroup.com www.linkedin.com/showcase/18108837/ admin/feed/posts/ www.amafiltration.com

Anderson International Corp 4545 Boyce Parkway, Stow, Ohio, 44224, United States +1 216 6411112 eric.stibora@andersonintl.com www.linkedin.com/company/882839 www.andersonintl.com

Andreotti Impianti S.p.A. Via Di Le Prata 148, Calenzano, Florence, Italy, 50041, Italy +39 05544870 simona.paoletti@andreottiimpianti.com it.linkedin.com/company/andreottiimpianti-s-p-a www.andreottiimpianti.com

Anton Paar GmbH

Anton-Paar-Str. 20, Graz, Styria, 8054, Austria +43 316 257-0 hermine.riegler@anton-paar.com twitter.com/AntonPaar www.linkedin.com/company/anton-paargmbh www.anton-paar.com

Oils & Fats International features a global selection of plant, equipment & technology suppliers to the oils and fats industry, followed by a company activities section listing suppliers of specific technology and services

B+B Engineering GmbH

Otto-von-Guericke-Str. 50, Magdeburg, 39104, Germany +49 (0)391 5054 995 0 v.heiss@b-b-engineering.de www.b-b-engineering.de

Balaguer Rolls

Polígono Industrial Els Vasalos, 104 Nave, Onil, Alicante, 3430, Spain +34 965564075 julia@balaguer-rolls.com www.linkedin.com/company/fundicionesbalaguer-s.a/

Ballestra S.p.A.*

Via Pietro Portalappci 17 20138 Milano, Italy +39 (025) 0831 www.ballestra.com

BDI-BioEnergy International GmbH

Parkring 18, Raaba-Grambach, 8074, Austria +43 316 4009 100 Press@bdi-bioenergy.com www.linkedin.com/company/bdi--bioenergy-international-ag www.bdi-bioenergy.com/en/start

Blackmer*

1809 Century Avenue SW, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 49503, United States +1 616 2411611

Lauren.henninger@deanhouston.com www.blackmer.com

Bruker Optik GmbH*

Rudolf-Plank-Str. 27, Ettlingen, 76275, Germany +49 7243 5042000

Dagmar.Behmer@bruker.com twitter.com/bruker www.linkedin.com/company/98437/ admin/ www.bruker.com/FT-NIR

Bühler Group Gupfenstrasse 5 Uzwil 9240, Switzerland +41 71 955 11 11 fiona.rossi@buhlergroup.com www.linkedin.com/ showcase/18461924 www.buhlergroup.com/oilseed

Buss ChemTech AG Hohenrainstrasse 12A, Pratteln, 4133, Switzerland +41 618256317 thomas.blocher@buss-ct.com www.linkedin.com/company/busschemtech-ag/ www.buss-ct.com

Buss-SMS-Canzler GmbH* Kaiserstrasse 13-15, Butzbach, 35510, Germany +49 6033850 info@sms-vt.com www.linkedin.com/company/buss-smscanzler-gmbh/mycompany/ www.sms-vt.com

Centrimax - Winkelhorst Trenntechnik GmbH Kelvinstr. 8, Köln, NRW, 50996, Germany +49 2236393530 oz@centrimax.de twitter.com/centrimax_com www.linkedin.com/company/centrimax www.centrimax.com

Chemtech - part of Omnia Technologies VIA PADOVAN 1, MARENO DI PIAVE, Italy, 31010, Italy +39 04384147 Stefania.petterie@tmcigroup.com www.linkedin.com/company/ omniatechnologiesgroup/ www.omniatechnologiesgroup.com

Clariant

Arabellastrasse 4a, Munich, 81925, Germany

jorge.herrero@clariant.com adsorbents.additives@clariant.com twitter.com/clariant www.linkedin.com/company/clariant www.clariant.com/oilpurification

CMB S.p.A.

Via Isonzo, 9, Rome, 148 Italy

+39 06 96871028 m.sorbello@cmb.it www.linkedin.com/company/cmb-oils-andfats/ www.cmb.it

Cottor Plants (India) Pvt. Ltd.

706 Acme Plaza, Andheri-Kurla Road, Opp. Sangam Talkies, Andheri (E), near Chakala Metro Station, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400059, India +91 22 2826 4201 bharatt@cottor.com www.linkedin.com/company/cottor-plantsindia-pvt-ltd-/ www.cottor.com

CPM Crown Europe - UK

Waterside Park, Livingstone Road

Hessle, Blaine, East Yorkshire, HU13 OEG, United Kingdom

+44 1482 640099

catherine.mehaffey@cmmc-group.com www.linkedin.com/company/crown-ironworks-inc/ www.europacrown.com

CPM Crown Global Companies Asia

Room 301, 18th Building, Innovation Base HUST Science Park, No. 33 Tang Xum Hu Bei Road Donghu High-Tech Zone, Wuhan City, Hubei, PR, 430074, China

+86 27 67847531

catherine.mehaffey@cmmc-group.com www.linkedin.com/company/crown-ironworks-inc/ www.crowniron.com

CPM Crown Global Companies USA

9879 Naples St. NE, Blaine, Minnesota, 55449, United States +1 651 6398900

catherine.mehaffey@cmmc-group.com www.linkedin.com/company/crown-ironworks-inc/ www.crowniron.com

CPM Europe Netherlands

Grote Tocht 100, 1507 CE, Zaandam, MN, Netherlands +44 1482 640099

catherine.mehaffey@cmmc-group.com www.linkedin.com/company/crown-ironworks-inc/ www.crowniron.com

Dallas Group of America, The* 374 Route 22, PO Box 489, Whitehouse, NJ, 8888, United States +1 908 5347800

sruizdiaz@dallasgrp.com twitter.com/Magnesol www.linkedin.com/company/dallas-groupof-america www.dallasgrp.com

De Smet Engineers & Contractors

Watson & Crick Hill - Building J, Rue Granbonpre 11 - Box 8, MONT-SAINT-GUIBERT, 1435, Belgium +32 10434300

Isabelle.Chavanne@Dsengineers.Com www.linkedin.com/company/dsec www.dsengineers.com/en/

COMPANY LISTINGS A-Z

Desmet NV

Belgicastraat 3, Building 503, Zaventem, 1930, Belgium +32 2 716 11 11 ksenia.oreshkova@desmet.com www.linkedin.com/company/desmet www.desmet.com

Desmet Rosedowns Limited Cannon Street, Kingston Upon Hull, HU2 0AD, United Kingdom +44 1482 329864 julie_mutch@rosedowns.co.uk www.linkedin.com/company/de-smetrosedowns/ www.rosedowns.co.uk

DSM Food & Beverage* Alexander Fleminglaan 1 2613 A X Delft The Netherlands +31 15 279 9111 www.dsm.com

Dupps Company

548 North Cherry Street, Germantown, Ohio, 45327-0189, United States +1 937 855 6555 ccooley@advertools.net www.linkedin.com/company/the-duppscompany www.dupps.com

ELICA Processing OOD*

32 Haralampi Dzhamdzhiev St., Silistra, 7500, Bulgaria +359 86 820 820 n.pavlov@elica-pro.com bg.linkedin.com/company/ elica-processing-ood www.elica-pro.com

EnginZyme AB Tomtebodavägen 6n Solna, Stockholm 171 65 Sweden hans.christian@enginzyme.com www.enginzyme.com/company

Envirogen Technologies BV Penningweg 71 Zaandam, 1507 DG, Netherlands +31 657500956 bscholten@envirogengroup.com www.envirogengroup.com

EP Minerals*

9785 Gateway Drive, Reno, Nevada, 89521, United States 14194380971 brumbaughj@ussilica.com www.epminerals.com

Farmet

Jiřinková 276, Česká Skalice, Czech Republic, 55203, Czech Republic +420 491450159 m.kavalek@farmet.cz www.linkedin.com/company/farmet www.farmet.eu

French Oil Mill Machinery Company

1035 W. Greene Street, Piqua, Ohio, 45356, United States +1 937 7733420 gcclark@frenchoil.com twitter.com/frenchoil www.linkedin.com/company/the-frenchoil-mill-machinery-co./ www.frenchoil.com

GEA Westfalia Separator Group GmbH

Werner-Habig-Straße 1, Oelde, 59302, Germany +49 2522770

christiane.lohmueller@gea.com www.linkedin.com/showcase/gea-food/ www.gea.com

Geelen Counterflow*

Windmolenven 43, Haelen, 6081 PJ, Netherlands +31 475592315 yvonne.eysbouts@geelencounterflow.com www.geelencounterflow.com

GekaKonus GmbH

Siemensstr. 10, Eggenstein-Leop., 76344, Germany +49 721 943740 knut.fellbaum@gekakonus.net www.gekakonus.net

GEOHELLAS S.A.

8A Pentelis str., Athens, Attica, 175 64, Greece +30 2109485800 ktsintola@geohellas.com www.linkedin.com/company/geohellas/ www.geohellas.com

Gerstenberg Services A/S Vibeholmsvej 21 Broendby, 2605, Denmark +45 30259284 mgn@gerstenbergs.com www.gerstenbergs.com

Goyum Screw Press*

#2581, Industrial Area- A Ludhiana, Punjab 141003 India +91 991 574 3183 www.oilexpeller.com

HF Press+LipidTech - division of HF GROUP (Harburg-Freudenberger Maschinenbau GmbH Schlachthofstrasse 22, 21079 Hamburg, Deutschland 21079, Germany +49 4077179361 Nora.Grupe@hf-group.com www.youtube.com/channel/ UCkFnIm50GFIkhjARqrGLuXg www.linkedin.com/showcase/ hf-press-lipidtech-harburgfreudenberger-maschinenbaugmbh/?viewAsMember=true www.hf-press-lipidtech.com

HTI-GESAB GmbH

Sauerbruchstraße 11, Ellerau, Schleswig-Holstein, 25479, Germany +49 410670090 a.sievers@hti-ellerau.de www.hti-ellerau.de

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

Atasehir Bulvari, Gardenya Plaza 5, Kat:19, Atasehir, Ege Serbest Bölgesi Mümtaz Sokak No:20, Gaziemir, İzmir, Istanbul, 34758, Turkey

+90 216 456 37 03 tutku@hum.com.tr www.linkedin.com/company/hum-oil-&fat-technologies/ www.hum.com.tr

Hygear

Westervoorstedijk 73, Arnhem, Gelderland, 6827 AV, Netherlands +31 889494000 tamarah.swensen@host.nl www.linkedin.com/company/hygear/ www.hygear.com

Imerys*

43 Quai de Grenelle, 75015 Paris France +33 1 49 55 63 00 www.imerys.com

INTEC Energy Systems Sdn Bhd 6F-21, IOI Business Park, Bandar Puchong Jaya, Puchong, Selangor, 47170, Malaysia +603 5891 6642 nicole.merz@intec-energy.de www.intec-energy.com

INTEC Engineering GmbH John-Deere-Str. 43, Bruchsal, Baden-Württemberg, 76646, Germany +49 7251 93243 0 nicole.merz@intec-energy.de www.linkedin.com/company/intecengineering www.intec-energy.de

J. Rettenmaier & Söhne GmbH + Co KG

Holzmühle 1, Rosenberg, 73494, Germany +49 7967152213 lukas.gentner@jrs.de www.linkedin.com/showcase/bu-filtration/ www.jrsfiltration.de

JJ- Lurgi Engineering Sdn Bhd No.7-13A-01 Level 13A, Jebsen & Jessen Tower, UOA Business Park (Tower 7), Jalan Pengaturcara U1/51A, Seksyen U1, Shah Alam, Selangor, 40150, Malaysia +60 350306363 previn_krishnamutty@jjsea.com www.jj-lurgi.com

Johannes Filtration b.v. Amsteldijk-Noord 33 1422 XX Uithoorn The Netherlands +31 297 785 129 www. johannesfiltration.com

Johnson Matthey* 5th Floor, 25 Farringdon Street London EC4A 4AB United Kingdom +44 20 7269 8000 www.matthey.com

JS Proputec A/S* Hvidevold 1, Hjørring, 9800, Denmark

+45 42940250 wkr@jsproputec.com dk.linkedin.com/company/js-proputec-a-s ww.jsproputec.com

Keller & Vardarci Industries Ltd

Cinar SK No 12, Ege Serbest Bolgesi, Gaziemir Izmir, Izmir, Turkey +90 2324784814 gulservardarci@vardarci.com.tr www.linkedin.com/in/kellervardarc%C4%B1-industries8bb1a2200/?originalSubdomain=tr www.keller-vardarci.com

Kemia Handels und Projektierungs GmbH

Hochheimgasse, 20, Wien, Österreich 1130, Austria +43 6769482223 kondor@kemia.at www.kemia.at

Kemin Food Technologies EMEA

Via Francesco Pescatori, 4, Parma, 43126, Italy +39 044 248 27 23 davide.bonvicini@kemin.com www.linkedin.com/showcase/kemin-foodtechnologies-emea/ www.kemin.com/eu/en/markets/food

Koerting Hannover GmbH* Badenstedter Str. 56, Hannover, Lower Saxony, 30453, Germany +49 511 2129 0 Baris@koerting.de www.linkedin.com/company/kortinghannover-ag www.koerting.de/en

KROHNE

Ludwig-Krohne-Straße 5, Duisburg, North Rhine-Westphalia, 47058, Germany +32 487 01 52 70 y.farine@krohne.com twitter.com/krohnegroup www.linkedin.com/company/krohnegroup/ www.krohne.com/en

LIPICO Technologies Pte Ltd

61 Bukit Batok Crescent, #06-03 to #06-06 Heng Loong Building, 658078, Singapore +65 63167800

jeannie@lipico.com www.lipico.com

MACFUGE by Servizi Industriali Srl Via Marie Curie, n.19, Ponte Rizzoli, Ozzano dell’Emilia, Bologna, 40064, Italy

+39 051795080

commercialoffice@macfuge.com www.linkedin.com/company/macfuge/ www.macfuge.com

Maschinenfabrik Reinartz GmbH & Co KG

Industriestrasse 14, Neuss, 41460, Germany +49 2131 9761-0 l.pitzner@reinartz.de www.linkedin.com/company/reinartz www.reinartz.de

Mavitec B.V.* Galileistraat 32, Heerhugowaard, Netherlands, 1704 SE, Netherlands +31 72 574 59 88 cgonzalez@mavitec.com www.linkedin.com/company/mavitec-b.v www.mavitecrendering.com/

Maxfry GmbH

Grabenstr. 3, Hagen, NRW, 58095, Germany +49 2331 3969711 sven.seifer@maxfry.de www.linkedin.com/company/maxfrygmbh/ www.maxfry.com

Metrohm* Ionenstrasse, 9100 Herisau

Switzerland +41 71 353 8585 www.metrohm.com

Mettler-Toledo GmbH* Heuwinkelstrasse 3, NB425 8606 Nänikon

Switzerland +41 44 944 33 37 www.mt.com

Minerals Technologies*

622 Third Avenue, 38th Floor New York, NY 10017, USA +1 212 8781840 www.mineralstech.com

Muar Ban Lee Group

JR52, Lot 1818 Jalan Raja, Kawasan Perindustrian Bukit Pasir, Muar, Johor, 84300, Malaysia +60 69859998

km.Chua@mbl.com www.mbl.com

Myande Group Co., Ltd. No.199, South Ji’An Road, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 225127, China +86 514 87849111 lule@myande.com twitter.com/myandelule www.linkedin.com/company/5726029/ admin/ www.myandegroup.com

COMPANY LISTINGS A-Z

Myers Vacuum*

1155 Myers Lane, Kittanning, Pennsylvania, 16201, United States +1 7245458331

dmyers@myers-vacuum.com www.myers-vacuum.com

NATURAL BLEACH SDN BHD

11 Jalan SS18/6, Subang Jaya Petaling Jaya, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia +60 167771618 tech@naturalbleach.com www.naturalbleach.com

Nel Hydrogen 10 Technology Drive, Wallingford, CT, 6942, United States +1 203 9498697 cvanname@nelhydrogen.com twitter.com/nelhydrogen www.linkedin.com/company/nel-hydrogen www.nelhydrogen.com

Niverplast BV

Baruch Spinozastraat 2, Nijverdal, 7442 PD, Netherlands +31 612970238 f.diepman@niverplast.com www.niverplast.com

Novozymes A/S*

Krogshoejvej 36 2880 Bagsvaerd Denmark +45 4446 0000 www.novozymes.com

Oil-Dri Corporation of America 410 N Michigan Ave, Suite 400, Chicago, IL, 60611, United States +1 84 75449491 lily.nemeroff@amlan.com www.linkedin.com/showcase/oil-dri-fluidspurification/?viewAsMember=true www.odcpurification.com/about

oilRoq GmbH

Willy Brandt Straße 59, Halle, Sachsen-Anhalt, 6110, Germany +49 345 68 57 80 71 administration@oilroq.eu www.oilroq.eu

Olexa 47 Allée d’Irlande, ZAC Artoipole, Feuchy, 62223, France +33 321553600 lbeignot@olexapress.com www.linkedin.com/company/olexa/ mycompany/ www.olexapress.com/en

Oxford Instruments Halifax Road, High Wycombe, HP12 3SE, United Kingdom +44 1494 442255 kate.shorter@oxinst.com twitter.com/oxinst www.linkedin.com/showcase/magneticresonance www.nmr.oxinst.com

Palsgaard Denmark

Palsgaardvej 10, Juelsminde, 7130, Denmark +45 76827682 pgn@palsgaard.com www.linkedin.com/company/ palsgaardglobal/ www.palsgaard.com/en

Pattyn Packaging Lines

Hoge Hul 2, Bruges, 8000, Belgium +32 50 450 480 stieven.rogiers@pattyn.com www.linkedin.com/company/pattynpacking-lines/?miniCompanyUrn=urn%3Ali %3Afsd_company%3A2424982&lipi=urn% 3Ali%3Apage%3Ad_flagship3_company_ad min%3BkY7qJZMuSJ6L5ixDDXHz7g%3D %3D www.pattyn.com

PMI-Tech (Europe) BV

Helmkamp 48, Dinxperlo, 7091HR, Netherlands +31 315652803 rick@pmi-group.nl www.linkedin.com/company/ pmi-tech-europe-bv/ www.pmi-group.com

Polytec GmbH

Polytec-Platz 1-7, Waldbronn, 76337, Germany +49 7243 604-0 a.stemmer@polytec.de www.linkedin.com/company/polytec-ltd-uk www.polytec.com

Pope Scientific Inc.

351 N. Dekora Woods Blvd., POB 80018, Saukville, Wisconsin, 53080, United States +1 262 2689300

dsegal@popeinc.com twitter.com/popescientific www.linkedin.com/company/popescientific-inc www.popeinc.com

PQ Corporation* PQ Corporation, P.O.Box 840, Valley Forge, PA, 19482, United States +1 5613798274

John.McNichol@pqcorp.com www.linkedin.com/mwlite/company/pqcorporation www.pqcorp.com

PROGLOBAL

Juan Pablo II 6750, Rosario, Santa Fe, 2010, Argentina +54 93424306330 grabois.manuel@proglobal.com www.proglobal.com

RONO

Ringstraße 6, Selmsdorf, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, 23923, Germany +49 3882354480 y.schweizer@ro-no.de www.ro-no.com

Schneider Kessel GmbH

Hildburghauser Strasse 79 12249 Berlin, Germany +49 30 75449399-0 sekretariat@schneider-kessel.net www.linkedin.com/company/36439708/ admin/feed/posts/ www.schneider-kessel.com

Sepigel

Avenida del Acero 14-16, Azuqueca de Henares, Guadalajara, 19200, Spain +34 949 01 00 00 Javier.aznar@minersa.com www.linkedin.com/company/sepigel www.sepigel.net

Serac Group 12 route de Mamers, La Ferté-Bernard, Sarthe, 72400, France

+33 2 43 60 28 28 facheriaux@serac.fr www.linkedin.com/company/569698/ admin/feed/posts/ www.serac-group.com/secteur/ oils-and-sauces

Sharplex Filters( India) Pvt Ltd R-664, Rabale MIDC,, Navimumbai, India, 400701, India +919820029839 sales@sharplexfilters.com www.sharplex.com

Siemens* Gleiwitzer Str.555 90475 Nurenburg Germany +49 911 8950 www.siemens.com

Smi Electric Automation* No. 12-2, Jalan Merbah 4, Bandar Puchong Jaya, 47170 Puchong Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia +60 3 8075 8889 www.smi-e.net

Solex Thermal Science #250, 4720 106 Ave S.E., Calgary, Alberta, T2C 3G5, Canada +1 866 3793500 jamie.zachary@solexthermal.com twitter.com/Solex_Thermal www.linkedin.com/company/solex-thermalscience/mycompany www.solexthermal.com

SPX FLOW

13320 Ballantyne Corporate Place, Charlotte, North Carolina, U.S., 28277, United States annamarie.petersen@spxflow.com www.linkedin.com/showcase/spx-flownutrition-health/ www.spxflow.com

ST Equipment and Technology 101 Hampton Ave, Needham, MA, 2494, United States twolak@steqtech.com www.linkedin.com/company/st-equipmenttechnology www.steqtech.com

Synthite Industries Pvt. Ltd* Synthite Valley, Kolenchery, Kerala 682 311 India +91 484 283 4200 www.synthite.com

T-1 Abraziv doo Sencanski put 59/b, Ada, 24430, Serbia and Montenegro +38 124854585 tamas.toth@t-1.rs linkedin.com/company/t-1-ada www.t-1.rs

Taiko Clay Marketing Sdn Bhd B2-05-01, Block B2, Meritus @ Oasis Corporate Park, No.2 Jalan PJU 1A/2, Ara Damansara, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, 47810, Malaysia +60 3 7660 7716 taikoclaymkt@taikogroup.net www.linkedin.com/company/taiko-claymarketing-sdn-bhd/mycompany/ www.taikoclaymarketing.com

TECHNOILOGY

S.r.l.

Via Domenico Federici 12-14, Cisterna di Latina, 4012, Italy +39 69696181 veronique.bernardini@technoilogy.it www.linkedin.com/company/technoilogy/ www.technoilogy.it

Tolsa

Nuñez de Balboa, 51, Madrid, 28001, Spain +34 913220100

apena@tolsa.com www.linkedin.com/company/tolsa/ www.tolsa.com

United Engineering (Eastern) Corporation LLP

Plot 75, Sector 3, IMT Manesar, Gurgaon, Haryana, 122051, India

+91 124 4273011-14 rabigandhi@uec-india.com www.uec-india.com

Van Mourik Crushing Mills

Boylestraat 34, Ede, 6718 XM, Netherlands +31 655793523

m.vandepol@vanmourik-group.com www.linkedin.com/in/martijnvandepolcrushingmills/ www.crushingmills.com

Veendeep Oiltek Exports Pvt Ltd

N-16/17/18 Additional MIDC, Patalganga, Maharastra, 410207, India +91 9769315463

pmbhandari@veendeep.com www.veendeep.com

VTA Verfahrenstechnische Anlagen GmbH & Co. KG

Bernrieder Str. 10, Niederwinkling, 94559, Germany

+49 9962 9598 0 oliver.stoll@vta-process.de www.linkedin.com/company/vta-process www.vta-process.de

W. R. Grace & Co.* 7500 Grace Drive, Columbia MD 21044 USA +1 410 531 4000 www.grace.com

YKL Engineering Sdn Bhd

Lot 663, Batu 10, Kampung Paya Panjang , Bukit Pasir, Muar, Johor. W. Malaysia, 84300, Malaysia +60 6 9859155 mktadmin1@yklgroup.com.my www.linkedin.com/company/8304946/ admin/feed/posts/ www.yklgroup.com.my

The above companies are a selection of plant, equipment and technology suppliers to the oils and fats industry which have replied to an Oils & Fats International questionnaire this year. Please refer to ‘Company Activities’ (following pages) for companies’ areas of operation

* Denotes entries from 2023

OFI 2024 Plant, Equipment & Technology Guide

Extraction Equipment & Plants

Oilseed crushing

Air Liquide Global E&C Solutions Germany GmbH

Anderson International Corp

Andreotti Impianti S.p.A.

Balaguer Rolls

Bühler Group

CMB S.p.A.

Cottor Plants (India) Pvt. Ltd.

CPM Crown Europe - UK

CPM Crown Global Companies Asia

CPM Crown Global Companies USA

CPM Europe Netherlands

Desmet NV

Desmet Rosedowns Limited

Dupps Company

Farmet

French Oil Mill Machinery Company

HF Press+LipidTech - division of HF GROUP (HarburgFreudenberger Maschinenbau GmbH

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

JJ-Lurgi Engineering Sdn Bhd

Keller & Vardarci Industries Ltd

Kemia Handels und Projektierungs GmbH

Maschinenfabrik Reinartz GmbH & Co KG

Muar Ban Lee Group

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

Olexa

Oxford Instruments

PROGLOBAL

Solex Thermal Science

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

United Engineering (Eastern) Corporation LLP

Veendeep Oiltek Exports Pvt Ltd

YKL Engineering Sdn Bhd

Cleaning/drying

Air Liquide Global E&C Solutions Germany GmbH

Anderson International Corp

Bühler Group

CMB S.p.A.

Cottor Plants (India) Pvt. Ltd.

CPM Crown Europe - UK

CPM Crown Global Companies Asia

CPM Crown Global Companies USA

CPM Europe Netherlands

Desmet NV

ELICA Processing OOD*

EP Minerals*

Farmet

HF Press+LipidTech - division of HF GROUP (Harburg-Freudenberger

Maschinenbau GmbH

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

JJ-Lurgi Engineering Sdn Bhd

Keller & Vardarci Industries Ltd

Kemia Handels und Projektierungs GmbH

Maschinenfabrik Reinartz GmbH & Co KG

Mavitec B.V.*

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

PROGLOBAL

Solex Thermal Science

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

United Engineering (Eastern) Corporation LLP

Veendeep Oiltek Exports Pvt Ltd

Cracking

Anderson International Corp

Balaguer Rolls

Bühler Group

CMB S.p.A.

Cottor Plants (India) Pvt. Ltd.

CPM Crown Europe - UK

CPM Crown Global Companies Asia

CPM Crown Global Companies USA

CPM Europe Netherlands

Desmet NV

Farmet

French Oil Mill Machinery Company

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

Keller & Vardarci Industries Ltd

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

PROGLOBAL

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

United Engineering (Eastern) Corporation LLP

Van Mourik Crushing Mills

Veendeep Oiltek Exports Pvt Ltd

Dehulling

Anderson International Corp

Bühler Group

CMB S.p.A.

Cottor Plants (India) Pvt. Ltd.

CPM Crown Europe - UK

CPM Crown Global Companies Asia

CPM Crown Global Companies USA

CPM Europe Netherlands

Desmet NV

ELICA Processing OOD*

Farmet

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

JJ-Lurgi Engineering Sdn Bhd

Keller & Vardarci Industries Ltd

Kemia Handels und Projektierungs GmbH

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

Olexa

PROGLOBAL

Solex Thermal Science

COMPANY

ST Equipment and Technology

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

United Engineering (Eastern) Corporation LLP

Veendeep Oiltek Exports Pvt Ltd

Flaking

Anderson International Corp

Balaguer Rolls

Bühler Group

CMB S.p.A.

Cottor Plants (India) Pvt. Ltd.

CPM Crown Europe - UK

CPM Crown Global Companies Asia

CPM Crown Global Companies USA

CPM Europe Netherlands

Desmet NV

French Oil Mill Machinery Company

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

JJ-Lurgi Engineering Sdn Bhd

Keller & Vardarci Industries Ltd

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

PROGLOBAL

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

United Engineering (Eastern) Corporation LLP

Van Mourik Crushing Mills

Veendeep Oiltek Exports Pvt Ltd

Pressing

Anderson International Corp

CMB S.p.A.

Cottor Plants (India) Pvt. Ltd.

CPM Crown Europe - UK

CPM Crown Global Companies Asia

CPM Crown Global Companies USA

CPM Europe Netherlands

Desmet NV

Desmet Rosedowns Limited

Dupps Company

Envirogen Technologies BV

Farmet

French Oil Mill Machinery Company

HF Press+LipidTech - division of HF

GROUP (Harburg-Freudenberger

Maschinenbau GmbH

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

Keller & Vardarci Industries Ltd

Kemia Handels und Projektierungs GmbH

Maschinenfabrik Reinartz GmbH & Co KG

Mavitec B.V.*

Muar Ban Lee Group

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

Olexa

Oxford Instruments

PROGLOBAL

T-1 Abraziv doo

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

United Engineering (Eastern) Corporation

LLP

Veendeep Oiltek Exports Pvt Ltd

YKL Engineering Sdn Bhd

Milling

Anderson International Corp

Bühler Group

CMB S.p.A.

Cottor Plants (India) Pvt. Ltd.

CPM Crown Europe - UK

CPM Crown Global Companies Asia

CPM Crown Global Companies USA

CPM Europe Netherlands

Desmet NV

ELICA Processing OOD*

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

Keller & Vardarci Industries Ltd

Muar Ban Lee Group

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

Olexa

Oxford Instruments

PROGLOBAL

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

United Engineering (Eastern) Corporation LLP

Grinding/pelleting

Anderson International Corp

Andreotti Impianti S.p.A.

Bühler Group

CMB S.p.A.

Cottor Plants (India) Pvt. Ltd.

CPM Crown Europe - UK

CPM Crown Global Companies Asia

CPM Crown Global Companies USA

CPM Europe Netherlands

Desmet NV

Farmet

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

JJ-Lurgi Engineering Sdn Bhd

Keller & Vardarci Industries Ltd

Mavitec B.V.*

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

Olexa

PROGLOBAL

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

United Engineering (Eastern) Corporation LLP

Veendeep Oiltek Exports Pvt Ltd

Solvent extraction

Air Liquide Global E&C Solutions Germany GmbH

Andreotti Impianti S.p.A.

CMB S.p.A.

Cottor Plants (India) Pvt. Ltd.

CPM Crown Europe - UK

CPM Crown Global Companies Asia

CPM Crown Global Companies USA

CPM Europe Netherlands

Desmet NV

Envirogen Technologies BV

HF Press+LipidTech - division of HF GROUP (Harburg-Freudenberger

Maschinenbau GmbH

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

JJ-Lurgi Engineering Sdn Bhd

COMPANY ACTIVITIES

COMPANY LISTINGS A-Z

Solvent extraction ... continued

Muar Ban Lee Group

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

Myers Vacuum*

Oxford Instruments

Pope Scientific Inc.

PROGLOBAL

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

Veendeep Oiltek Exports Pvt Ltd

Processing/ Refining

Equipment & Plants

Degumming

Air Liquide Global E&C Solutions Germany GmbH

Anderson International Corp

Andreotti Impianti S.p.A.

B+B Engineering GmbH

BDI-BioEnergy International GmbH Centrimax - Winkelhorst Trenntechnik GmbH

CMB S.p.A.

Cottor Plants (India) Pvt. Ltd.

CPM Crown Europe - UK

CPM Crown Global Companies Asia

CPM Crown Global Companies USA

CPM Europe Netherlands

Desmet NV

Farmet

GEA Westfalia Separator Group GmbH

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

JJ-Lurgi Engineering Sdn Bhd

Kemia Handels und Projektierungs GmbH

Koerting Hannover GmbH*

LIPICO Technologies Pte Ltd

MACFUGE by Servizi Industriali Srl

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

PROGLOBAL

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

United Engineering (Eastern) Corporation LLP

Veendeep Oiltek Exports Pvt Ltd

Winterising

Air Liquide Global E&C Solutions Germany GmbH

Andreotti Impianti S.p.A.

B+B Engineering GmbH

BDI-BioEnergy International GmbH Centrimax - Winkelhorst Trenntechnik GmbH

CMB S.p.A.

Cottor Plants (India) Pvt. Ltd.

CPM Crown Europe - UK

CPM Crown Global Companies Asia

CPM Crown Global Companies USA

CPM Europe Netherlands

Desmet NV

Envirogen Technologies BV

Farmet

GEA Westfalia Separator Group GmbH

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

JJ-Lurgi Engineering Sdn Bhd

Kemia Handels und Projektierungs GmbH

Koerting Hannover GmbH*

LIPICO Technologies Pte Ltd

MACFUGE by Servizi Industriali Srl

Maschinenfabrik Reinartz GmbH & Co KG

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

PMI-Tech (Europe) BV

PROGLOBAL

Sharplex Filters( India) Pvt Ltd

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

Veendeep Oiltek Exports Pvt Ltd

Crystallisation

Air Liquide Global E&C Solutions Germany GmbH

Andreotti Impianti S.p.A.

Chemtech - part of Omnia Technologies

CMB S.p.A.

Cottor Plants (India) Pvt. Ltd.

CPM Crown Europe - UK

CPM Crown Global Companies Asia

CPM Crown Global Companies USA

CPM Europe Netherlands

Desmet NV

Gerstenberg Services A/S

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

JJ-Lurgi Engineering Sdn Bhd

Kemia Handels und Projektierungs GmbH

Koerting Hannover GmbH*

LIPICO Technologies Pte Ltd

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

Oxford Instruments

Pope Scientific Inc.

PROGLOBAL

RONO

SPX FLOW

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

Veendeep Oiltek Exports Pvt Ltd

Oil distillation/fractionation

Air Liquide Global E&C Solutions Germany GmbH

Andreotti Impianti S.p.A.

B+B Engineering GmbH

BDI-BioEnergy International GmbH

Buss-SMS-Canzler GmbH*

CMB S.p.A.

CPM Crown Europe - UK

CPM Crown Global Companies Asia

CPM Crown Global Companies USA

CPM Europe Netherlands

Desmet NV

HTI-GESAB GmbH

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

JJ-Lurgi Engineering Sdn Bhd

Kemia Handels und Projektierungs GmbH

Koerting Hannover GmbH*

LIPICO Technologies Pte Ltd

MACFUGE by Servizi Industriali Srl

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

Myers Vacuum*

PMI-Tech (Europe) BV

Pope Scientific Inc.

PROGLOBAL

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

Veendeep Oiltek Exports Pvt Ltd

VTA Verfahrenstechnische Anlagen GmbH & Co. KG

Alkali & physical refining

Air Liquide Global E&C Solutions Germany GmbH

Andreotti Impianti S.p.A.

B+B Engineering GmbH

BDI-BioEnergy International GmbH

CMB S.p.A.

CPM Crown Europe - UK

CPM Crown Global Companies Asia

CPM Crown Global Companies USA

CPM Europe Netherlands

Desmet NV

Farmet

GEA Westfalia Separator Group GmbH

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

JJ-Lurgi Engineering Sdn Bhd

Kemia Handels und Projektierungs GmbH

Koerting Hannover GmbH*

LIPICO Technologies Pte Ltd

MACFUGE by Servizi Industriali Srl

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

Veendeep Oiltek Exports Pvt Ltd

Interesterification

Air Liquide Global E&C Solutions Germany GmbH

Andreotti Impianti S.p.A.

B+B Engineering GmbH

BDI-BioEnergy International GmbH

Buss-SMS-Canzler GmbH*

CMB S.p.A.

CPM Crown Europe - UK

CPM Crown Global Companies Asia

CPM Crown Global Companies USA

CPM Europe Netherlands

Desmet NV

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

JJ-Lurgi Engineering Sdn Bhd

Kemia Handels und Projektierungs GmbH

Koerting Hannover GmbH*

LIPICO Technologies Pte Ltd

MACFUGE by Servizi Industriali Srl

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

oilRoq GmbH

PMI-Tech (Europe) BV

PROGLOBAL

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

Veendeep Oiltek Exports Pvt Ltd

Miscella refining

Air Liquide Global E&C Solutions Germany GmbH

Andreotti Impianti S.p.A.

Centrimax - Winkelhorst Trenntechnik GmbH

CMB S.p.A.

Cottor Plants (India) Pvt. Ltd.

CPM Crown Europe - UK

CPM Crown Global Companies Asia

CPM Crown Global Companies USA

CPM Europe Netherlands

Desmet NV

Envirogen Technologies BV

GEA Westfalia Separator Group GmbH

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

Koerting Hannover GmbH*

LIPICO Technologies Pte Ltd

MACFUGE by Servizi Industriali Srl

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

PMI-Tech (Europe) BV

PROGLOBAL

Sharplex Filters( India) Pvt Ltd

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

Veendeep Oiltek Exports Pvt Ltd

Deodorisation

Air Liquide Global E&C Solutions Germany GmbH

Andreotti Impianti S.p.A.

B+B Engineering GmbH

BDI-BioEnergy International GmbH

Buss-SMS-Canzler GmbH*

Chemtech - part of Omnia Technologies

CMB S.p.A.

Cottor Plants (India) Pvt. Ltd.

CPM Crown Europe - UK

CPM Crown Global Companies Asia

CPM Crown Global Companies USA

CPM Europe Netherlands

Desmet NV

Farmet

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

JJ-Lurgi Engineering Sdn Bhd

Kemia Handels und Projektierungs GmbH

Koerting Hannover GmbH*

LIPICO Technologies Pte Ltd

Mavitec B.V.*

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

Myers Vacuum*

Pope Scientific Inc.

PROGLOBAL

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

United Engineering (Eastern) Corporation LLP

Veendeep Oiltek Exports Pvt Ltd

VTA Verfahrenstechnische Anlagen GmbH & Co. KG

Bleaching

Air Liquide Global E&C Solutions Germany GmbH

COMPANY ACTIVITIES

Andreotti Impianti S.p.A.

B+B Engineering GmbH

BDI-BioEnergy International GmbH

CMB S.p.A.

Cottor Plants (India) Pvt. Ltd.

CPM Crown Europe - UK

CPM Crown Global Companies Asia

CPM Crown Global Companies USA

CPM Europe Netherlands

Desmet NV

Envirogen Technologies BV

EP Minerals*

Farmet

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

JJ-Lurgi Engineering Sdn Bhd

Kemia Handels und Projektierungs GmbH

Koerting Hannover GmbH*

LIPICO Technologies Pte Ltd

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

NATURAL BLEACH SDN BHD

Oil-Dri Corporation of America

oilRoq GmbH

PMI-Tech (Europe) BV

PQ Corporation*

PROGLOBAL

Sharplex Filters( India) Pvt Ltd

Taiko Clay Marketing Sdn Bhd

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

Tolsa

United Engineering (Eastern) Corporation LLP

Veendeep Oiltek Exports Pvt Ltd

Oil dryers

Air Liquide Global E&C Solutions Germany GmbH

Andreotti Impianti S.p.A.

B+B Engineering GmbH

BDI-BioEnergy International GmbH

Chemtech - part of Omnia Technologies

CMB S.p.A.

CPM Crown Europe - UK

CPM Crown Global Companies Asia

CPM Crown Global Companies USA

CPM Europe Netherlands

Desmet NV

Farmet

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

Koerting Hannover GmbH*

LIPICO Technologies Pte Ltd

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

oilRoq GmbH

Pope Scientific Inc.

PROGLOBAL

Solex Thermal Science

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

Veendeep Oiltek Exports Pvt Ltd

Fat splitting

Air Liquide Global E&C Solutions Germany GmbH

Andreotti Impianti S.p.A.

BDI-BioEnergy International GmbH

Chemtech - part of Omnia Technologies

CMB S.p.A.

CPM Crown Europe - UK

CPM Crown Global Companies Asia

CPM Crown Global Companies USA

CPM Europe Netherlands

Desmet NV

HTI-GESAB GmbH

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

JJ-Lurgi Engineering Sdn Bhd

Kemia Handels und Projektierungs GmbH

Koerting Hannover GmbH*

LIPICO Technologies Pte Ltd

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

oilRoq GmbH

Pope Scientific Inc.

PROGLOBAL

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

Fatty acid distillation

Air Liquide Global E&C Solutions Germany GmbH

Andreotti Impianti S.p.A.

B+B Engineering GmbH

BDI-BioEnergy International GmbH

Buss-SMS-Canzler GmbH*

CMB S.p.A.

CPM Crown Europe - UK

CPM Crown Global Companies Asia

CPM Crown Global Companies USA

CPM Europe Netherlands

Desmet NV

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

JJ-Lurgi Engineering Sdn Bhd

Kemia Handels und Projektierungs GmbH

Koerting Hannover GmbH*

LIPICO Technologies Pte Ltd

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

Myers Vacuum*

Pope Scientific Inc.

PROGLOBAL

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

VTA Verfahrenstechnische Anlagen GmbH & Co. KG

Fish oil/meal

Andreotti Impianti S.p.A.

Centrimax - Winkelhorst Trenntechnik GmbH

Chemtech - part of Omnia Technologies

CMB S.p.A.

CPM Crown Europe - UK

CPM Crown Global Companies Asia

CPM Crown Global Companies USA

CPM Europe Netherlands

Desmet NV

Dupps Company

GEA Westfalia Separator Group GmbH

JS Proputec A/S*

Kemia Handels und Projektierungs GmbH

COMPANY ACTIVITIES

COMPANY LISTINGS A-Z

Fish oil/meal ... continued

Koerting Hannover GmbH*

MACFUGE by Servizi Industriali Srl

Mavitec B.V.*

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

Olexa

Oxford Instruments

Solex Thermal Science

Tolsa

Veendeep Oiltek Exports Pvt Ltd

VTA Verfahrenstechnische Anlagen GmbH & Co. KG

Rendering/fat melting

Andreotti Impianti S.p.A.

Centrimax - Winkelhorst Trenntechnik GmbH

CMB S.p.A.

CPM Crown Europe - UK

CPM Crown Global Companies Asia

CPM Crown Global Companies USA

CPM Europe Netherlands

Desmet NV

Desmet Rosedowns Limited

Dupps Company

GEA Westfalia Separator Group GmbH

HF Press+LipidTech - division of HF

GROUP (Harburg-Freudenberger

Maschinenbau GmbH

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

JS Proputec A/S*

Kemia Handels und Projektierungs GmbH

MACFUGE by Servizi Industriali Srl

Mavitec B.V.*

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

Olexa

Oxford Instruments

Veendeep Oiltek Exports Pvt Ltd

Hydrogenation Equipment & Plants

Hydrogen generators

Air Liquide Global E&C Solutions Germany GmbH

Andreotti Impianti S.p.A.

CMB S.p.A.

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

Hygear

LIPICO Technologies Pte Ltd

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

Nel Hydrogen

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

Veendeep Oiltek Exports Pvt Ltd

Hydrogenation systems/plants

Air Liquide Global E&C Solutions Germany GmbH

Andreotti Impianti S.p.A.

Buss ChemTech AG

CMB S.p.A.

Desmet NV

End User Processes, Equipment & Plants

Cooking/salad oils

Anton Paar GmbH

Centrimax - Winkelhorst Trenntechnik GmbH

CMB S.p.A.

CPM Crown Europe - UK

CPM Crown Global Companies Asia

CPM Crown Global Companies USA

CPM Europe Netherlands

Desmet NV

Desmet Rosedowns Limited

Farmet

HF Press+LipidTech - division of HF GROUP (Harburg-Freudenberger

Maschinenbau GmbH

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

Koerting Hannover GmbH*

Maschinenfabrik Reinartz GmbH & Co KG

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

oilRoq GmbH

Olexa

Oxford Instruments

Pope Scientific Inc.

Taiko Clay Marketing Sdn Bhd

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

Van Mourik Crushing Mills

Veendeep Oiltek Exports Pvt Ltd

VTA Verfahrenstechnische Anlagen GmbH & Co. KG

Butter

Anton Paar GmbH

Chemtech - part of Omnia Technologies

Desmet NV

Desmet Rosedowns Limited

GEA Westfalia Separator Group GmbH

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

Oxford Instruments

Pope Scientific Inc.

SPX FLOW

Taiko Clay Marketing Sdn Bhd

Van Mourik Crushing Mills

VTA Verfahrenstechnische Anlagen GmbH & Co. KG

Shortening/margarine/spreads

Andreotti Impianti S.p.A.

Anton Paar GmbH

Chemtech - part of Omnia Technologies

CMB S.p.A.

Desmet NV

Desmet Rosedowns Limited

EnginZyme AB

Gerstenberg Services A/S

JJ-Lurgi Engineering Sdn Bhd

Koerting Hannover GmbH*

LIPICO Technologies Pte Ltd

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

oilRoq GmbH

Olexa

Oxford Instruments

Palsgaard Denmark

Pope Scientific Inc.

RONO

SPX FLOW

Taiko Clay Marketing Sdn Bhd

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

Veendeep Oiltek Exports Pvt Ltd

Sauces & dressings

Anton Paar GmbH

CMB S.p.A.

Desmet NV

Desmet Rosedowns Limited

Koerting Hannover GmbH*

Oxford Instruments

RONO

SPX FLOW

Speciality fats/confectionery/ice cream

Anton Paar GmbH

Chemtech - part of Omnia Technologies

CMB S.p.A.

Desmet NV

Desmet Rosedowns Limited

EnginZyme AB

Koerting Hannover GmbH*

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

oilRoq GmbH

Oxford Instruments

Palsgaard Denmark

Pope Scientific Inc.

SPX FLOW

Taiko Clay Marketing Sdn Bhd

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

VTA Verfahrenstechnische Anlagen GmbH & Co. KG

Vitamin E

Air Liquide Global E&C Solutions Germany GmbH

Anton Paar GmbH

Buss ChemTech AG

Buss-SMS-Canzler GmbH*

LIPICO Technologies Pte Ltd

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

Myers Vacuum*

Pope Scientific Inc.

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

VTA Verfahrenstechnische Anlagen GmbH & Co. KG

Lecithin

Andreotti Impianti S.p.A.

B+B Engineering GmbH

Buss-SMS-Canzler GmbH*

CMB S.p.A.

CPM Crown Europe - UK

CPM Crown Global Companies Asia

CPM Crown Global Companies USA

CPM Europe Netherlands

Desmet NV

Desmet Rosedowns Limited

Farmet

GEA Westfalia Separator Group GmbH

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

LIPICO Technologies Pte Ltd

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

Olexa

Pope Scientific Inc.

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

Veendeep Oiltek Exports Pvt Ltd

VTA Verfahrenstechnische Anlagen GmbH & Co. KG

Oleochemicals

Air Liquide Global E&C Solutions Germany GmbH

Andreotti Impianti S.p.A.

Anton Paar GmbH

Buss ChemTech AG

CMB S.p.A.

CPM Crown Europe - UK

CPM Crown Global Companies Asia

CPM Crown Global Companies USA

CPM Europe Netherlands

Desmet NV

Desmet Rosedowns Limited

EnginZyme AB

EP Minerals*

GEA Westfalia Separator Group GmbH

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

JJ-Lurgi Engineering Sdn Bhd

Kemia Handels und Projektierungs GmbH

Koerting Hannover GmbH*

LIPICO Technologies Pte Ltd

Mavitec B.V.*

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

oilRoq GmbH

Oxford Instruments

PMI-Tech (Europe) BV

Pope Scientific Inc.

PQ Corporation*

Taiko Clay Marketing Sdn Bhd

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

VTA Verfahrenstechnische Anlagen GmbH & Co. KG

Ethoxylation/propoxylation

Buss ChemTech AG

Oxford Instruments

Detergent production/formulation

CMB S.p.A.

CPM Crown Europe - UK

CPM Crown Global Companies Asia

CPM Crown Global Companies USA

CPM Europe Netherlands

Myers Vacuum*

oilRoq GmbH

Pope Scientific Inc.

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

COMPANY ACTIVITIES

Soap production/finishing

Anton Paar GmbH

CMB S.p.A.

CPM Crown Global Companies Asia

CPM Crown Global Companies USA

CPM Europe Netherlands

Desmet Rosedowns Limited

Koerting Hannover GmbH*

Mavitec B.V.*

Olexa

Pope Scientific Inc.

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

Van Mourik Crushing Mills

Sulphonation

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

Personal care

Anton Paar GmbH

CMB S.p.A.

Desmet Rosedowns Limited

Oxford Instruments

Palsgaard Denmark

Pope Scientific Inc.

SPX FLOW

VTA Verfahrenstechnische Anlagen GmbH & Co. KG

Cosmetics

Anton Paar GmbH

B+B Engineering GmbH

CMB S.p.A.

CPM Crown Europe - UK

CPM Crown Global Companies Asia

CPM Crown Global Companies USA

CPM Europe Netherlands

Desmet Rosedowns Limited

EnginZyme AB

HF Press+LipidTech - division of HF GROUP (Harburg-Freudenberger Maschinenbau GmbH

Mavitec B.V.*

Myers Vacuum*

oilRoq GmbH

Olexa

Oxford Instruments

Palsgaard Denmark

Pope Scientific Inc.

Van Mourik Crushing Mills

VTA Verfahrenstechnische Anlagen GmbH & Co. KG

Pharmaceuticals

Andreotti Impianti S.p.A.

Anton Paar GmbH

B+B Engineering GmbH

Buss-SMS-Canzler GmbH*

Centrimax - Winkelhorst Trenntechnik GmbH

CMB S.p.A.

CPM Crown Europe - UK

CPM Crown Global Companies Asia

CPM Crown Global Companies USA

CPM Europe Netherlands

Desmet Rosedowns Limited

EnginZyme AB

HF Press+LipidTech - division of HF GROUP (Harburg-Freudenberger Maschinenbau GmbH

Kemia Handels und Projektierungs GmbH

Myers Vacuum*

Olexa

Oxford Instruments

Pope Scientific Inc.

SPX FLOW

VTA Verfahrenstechnische Anlagen GmbH & Co. KG

Glycerine

Air Liquide Global E&C Solutions Germany GmbH

Andreotti Impianti S.p.A.

Buss-SMS-Canzler GmbH*

CMB S.p.A.

CPM Crown Europe - UK

CPM Crown Global Companies Asia

CPM Crown Global Companies USA

CPM Europe Netherlands

Desmet NV

GEA Westfalia Separator Group GmbH

HTI-GESAB GmbH

JJ-Lurgi Engineering Sdn Bhd

Kemia Handels und Projektierungs GmbH

LIPICO Technologies Pte Ltd

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

Pope Scientific Inc.

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

Fatty acid derivatives

Air Liquide Global E&C Solutions Germany GmbH

Andreotti Impianti S.p.A.

Anton Paar GmbH

Buss ChemTech AG

Buss-SMS-Canzler GmbH*

CMB S.p.A.

CPM Crown Europe - UK

CPM Crown Global Companies Asia

CPM Crown Global Companies USA

CPM Europe Netherlands

Desmet NV

JJ-Lurgi Engineering Sdn Bhd

Kemia Handels und Projektierungs GmbH

Koerting Hannover GmbH*

LIPICO Technologies Pte Ltd

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

Myers Vacuum*

oilRoq GmbH

Oxford Instruments

Pope Scientific Inc.

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

VTA Verfahrenstechnische Anlagen GmbH & Co. KG

Biodiesel/methyl ester

Air Liquide Global E&C Solutions Germany GmbH

Andreotti Impianti S.p.A.

Anton Paar GmbH

Buss-SMS-Canzler GmbH*

Centrimax - Winkelhorst Trenntechnik GmbH

CMB S.p.A.

CPM Crown Europe - UK

CPM Crown Global Companies Asia

CPM Crown Global Companies USA

CPM Europe Netherlands

Desmet NV

Desmet Rosedowns Limited

GEA Westfalia Separator Group GmbH

HTI-GESAB GmbH

JJ-Lurgi Engineering Sdn Bhd

Kemia Handels und Projektierungs GmbH

Koerting Hannover GmbH*

LIPICO Technologies Pte Ltd

Maschinenfabrik Reinartz GmbH & Co KG

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

Olexa

Oxford Instruments

PMI-Tech (Europe) BV

Pope Scientific Inc.

PQ Corporation*

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

Tolsa

Van Mourik Crushing Mills

VTA Verfahrenstechnische Anlagen GmbH & Co. KG

HVO/renewable diesel/SAF

Air Liquide Global E&C Solutions Germany GmbH

Anton Paar GmbH

CMB S.p.A.

CPM Crown Europe - UK

CPM Crown Global Companies Asia

CPM Crown Global Companies USA

CPM Europe Netherlands

Desmet NV

Desmet Rosedowns Limited

EP Minerals*

GEA Westfalia Separator Group GmbH

Kemia Handels und Projektierungs GmbH

Koerting Hannover GmbH*

LIPICO Technologies Pte Ltd

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

Oil-Dri Corporation of America

Olexa

Oxford Instruments

PMI-Tech (Europe) BV

Pope Scientific Inc.

PQ Corporation*

Taiko Clay Marketing Sdn Bhd

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

Tolsa

VTA Verfahrenstechnische Anlagen GmbH & Co. KG

COMPANY

Feedstock pre-treatment

Air Liquide Global E&C Solutions Germany GmbH

Anton Paar GmbH

CMB S.p.A.

CPM Crown Europe - UK

CPM Crown Global Companies Asia

CPM Crown Global Companies USA

CPM Europe Netherlands

Desmet NV

Desmet Rosedowns Limited

EP Minerals*

Farmet

GEA Westfalia Separator Group GmbH

JJ-Lurgi Engineering Sdn Bhd

Kemia Handels und Projektierungs GmbH

LIPICO Technologies Pte Ltd

Mavitec B.V.*

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

PMI-Tech (Europe) BV

PQ Corporation*

Solex Thermal Science

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

Tolsa

Van Mourik Crushing Mills

Storage & Handling

Pneumatic conveyors

Anderson International Corp

Andreotti Impianti S.p.A.

Bühler Group

CMB S.p.A.

Cottor Plants (India) Pvt. Ltd.

Desmet NV

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

LIPICO Technologies Pte Ltd

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

PROGLOBAL

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

Veendeep Oiltek Exports Pvt Ltd

Belt conveyors

Anderson International Corp

Andreotti Impianti S.p.A.

Bühler Group

CMB S.p.A.

Cottor Plants (India) Pvt. Ltd.

Desmet NV

Dupps Company

ELICA Processing OOD*

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

PROGLOBAL

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

United Engineering (Eastern) Corporation LLP

Veendeep Oiltek Exports Pvt Ltd

Vibratory conveyors

Anderson International Corp

Andreotti Impianti S.p.A.

Desmet NV

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

PROGLOBAL

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

Veendeep Oiltek Exports Pvt Ltd

Slatted conveyors

Andreotti Impianti S.p.A.

Desmet NV

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

PROGLOBAL

United Engineering (Eastern) Corporation LLP

Veendeep Oiltek Exports Pvt Ltd

Elevators

Anderson International Corp

Andreotti Impianti S.p.A.

Bühler Group

CMB S.p.A.

Cottor Plants (India) Pvt. Ltd.

Desmet NV

ELICA Processing OOD*

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

PROGLOBAL

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

United Engineering (Eastern) Corporation LLP

Van Mourik Crushing Mills

Veendeep Oiltek Exports Pvt Ltd

Loading arms/chutes

Bühler Group

Desmet NV

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

PROGLOBAL

Veendeep Oiltek Exports Pvt Ltd

Auger feeders

Bühler Group

Cottor Plants (India) Pvt. Ltd.

Dupps Company

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

JS Proputec A/S*

Maschinenfabrik Reinartz GmbH & Co KG

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

PROGLOBAL

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

United Engineering (Eastern) Corporation LLP

Van Mourik Crushing Mills

Veendeep Oiltek Exports Pvt Ltd

Storage silos

Andreotti Impianti S.p.A.

Bühler Group

Cottor Plants (India) Pvt. Ltd.

Desmet NV

ELICA Processing OOD*

EP Minerals*

COMPANY LISTINGS A-Z COMPANY ACTIVITIES

Storage silos ... continued

HF Press+LipidTech - division of HF GROUP (Harburg-Freudenberger

Maschinenbau GmbH

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

LIPICO Technologies Pte Ltd

Mavitec B.V.*

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

PROGLOBAL

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

United Engineering (Eastern) Corporation LLP

Veendeep Oiltek Exports Pvt Ltd

Storage tanks

Andreotti Impianti S.p.A.

Cottor Plants (India) Pvt. Ltd.

Desmet NV

Dupps Company

HF Press+LipidTech - division of HF GROUP (Harburg-Freudenberger

Maschinenbau GmbH

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

LIPICO Technologies Pte Ltd

Maschinenfabrik Reinartz GmbH & Co KG

Mavitec B.V.*

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

oilRoq GmbH

Pope Scientific Inc.

PROGLOBAL

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

United Engineering (Eastern) Corporation LLP

Veendeep Oiltek Exports Pvt Ltd

Flexitanks

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

PROGLOBAL

Screens & Filtration

Screens

Air Liquide Global E&C Solutions Germany GmbH

Andreotti Impianti S.p.A.

Bühler Group

CMB S.p.A.

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

Hygear

LIPICO Technologies Pte Ltd

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

Nel Hydrogen

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

Veendeep Oiltek Exports Pvt Ltd

Centrifuges/decanters

Anderson International Corp

Rotterdam Ahoy Convention Centre The Netherlands

Andreotti Impianti S.p.A.

Centrimax - Winkelhorst Trenntechnik GmbH

CMB S.p.A.

Desmet NV

Dupps Company

GEA Westfalia Separator Group GmbH

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

JJ- Lurgi Engineering Sdn Bhd

LIPICO Technologies Pte Ltd

MACFUGE by Servizi Industriali Srl

Mavitec B.V.*

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

PROGLOBAL

Sharplex Filters( India) Pvt Ltd

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

United Engineering (Eastern) Corporation LLP

Veendeep Oiltek Exports Pvt Ltd

Vacuum belt/vacuum drum filters

Chemtech - part of Omnia Technologies

CMB S.p.A.

Desmet NV

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

PROGLOBAL

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

Veendeep Oiltek Exports Pvt Ltd

Confirmed speakers include:

Thomas Mielke, Editor and CEO of Oil World

Elwin de Groot, Head of Macro Strategy, RaboResearch –Global Economics and Markets (GEM)

Caroline Midgley, Director of Oleochemicals and Biofuels Research, Agri-business division, GlobalData

Darren Cooper, Senior Economist, International Grains Council (IGC)

Your delegate ticket includes:

 2-day OFI Technical Commercial Processing & Refining Conference (10-11 September)

 1-day OFI Trade Outlook and Logistics Conference (11 September)

 Entry to the OFI International Exhibition (10 – 11 September)

 Daily delegate lunch and refreshments

 Evening Welcome Reception (9 September)

 Optional company tour at the Port of Rotterdam (9 September, subject to availability)

Sven Kuhlmann, Vice President for the Production of Renewables, Neste, Finland

Veerle Vanheusden, PhD, Policy officer - Unit E2 – Food processing and novel food, Directorate General Health and Food Safety, European Commission

Kerstin Krätschmer, Wageningen Food Safety Research

Ludger Brühl, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI)

Membrane filter presses

Andreotti Impianti S.p.A.

Chemtech - part of Omnia Technologies

CMB S.p.A.

Desmet NV

Farmet

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

JJ-Lurgi Engineering Sdn Bhd

Keller & Vardarci Industries Ltd

LIPICO Technologies Pte Ltd

Maschinenfabrik Reinartz GmbH & Co KG

PMI-Tech (Europe) BV

PROGLOBAL

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

Veendeep Oiltek Exports Pvt Ltd

Pressure leaf/tube type filters

Amafilter - Filtration Group BV

Anderson International Corp

Andreotti Impianti S.p.A.

CMB S.p.A.

Cottor Plants (India) Pvt. Ltd.

Desmet NV

Envirogen Technologies BV

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

JJ-Lurgi Engineering Sdn Bhd

LIPICO Technologies Pte Ltd

Maschinenfabrik Reinartz GmbH & Co KG

Muar Ban Lee Group

oilRoq GmbH

PMI-Tech (Europe) BV

PROGLOBAL

Sharplex Filters( India) Pvt Ltd

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

United Engineering (Eastern) Corporation LLP

Veendeep Oiltek Exports Pvt Ltd

Cartridge bag/disposable filter elements

Amafilter - Filtration Group BV

CMB S.p.A.

Desmet NV

Envirogen Technologies BV

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

LIPICO Technologies Pte Ltd

Maschinenfabrik Reinartz GmbH & Co KG

PMI-Tech (Europe) BV

PROGLOBAL

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

Gravity separators

Andreotti Impianti S.p.A.

Bühler Group

CMB S.p.A.

Desmet NV

Desmet Rosedowns Limited

ELICA Processing OOD*

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

Keller & Vardarci Industries Ltd

Maschinenfabrik Reinartz GmbH & Co KG

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

PROGLOBAL

COMPANY ACTIVITIES

ST Equipment and Technology

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

United Engineering (Eastern) Corporation LLP

Veendeep Oiltek Exports Pvt Ltd

Magnetic separators

Anderson International Corp

Andreotti Impianti S.p.A.

Bühler Group

CMB S.p.A.

Cottor Plants (India) Pvt. Ltd.

Desmet NV

ELICA Processing OOD*

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

Keller & Vardarci Industries Ltd

LIPICO Technologies Pte Ltd

Maschinenfabrik Reinartz GmbH & Co KG

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

PROGLOBAL

ST Equipment and Technology

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

United Engineering (Eastern) Corporation LLP

Veendeep Oiltek Exports Pvt Ltd

Membrane separators

Andreotti Impianti S.p.A.

CMB S.p.A.

Desmet NV

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

LIPICO Technologies Pte Ltd

PROGLOBAL

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

Veendeep Oiltek Exports Pvt Ltd

Processing/Quality Aids

Catalysts

Clariant

CPM Crown Europe - UK

CPM Crown Global Companies Asia

CPM Crown Global Companies USA

CPM Europe Netherlands

Oxford Instruments

PMI-Tech (Europe) BV

The Dallas Group of America*

Enzymes

CMB S.p.A.

CPM Crown Europe - UK

CPM Crown Global Companies Asia

CPM Crown Global Companies USA

CPM Europe Netherlands

EnginZyme AB

Oxford Instruments

Activated carbon

CMB S.p.A.

GEOHELLAS S.A.

PMI-Tech (Europe) BV

Bleaching earths/adsorbents

Clariant

CMB S.p.A.

CPM Crown Europe - UK

CPM Crown Global Companies Asia

CPM Crown Global Companies USA

CPM Europe Netherlands

Envirogen Technologies BV

EP Minerals*

GEOHELLAS S.A.

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

J. Rettenmaier & Söhne GmbH + Co KG

NATURAL BLEACH SDN BHD

Oil-Dri Corporation of America

Oxford Instruments

PMI-Tech (Europe) BV

PQ Corporation*

Sepigel

Taiko Clay Marketing Sdn Bhd

Tolsa

Filter aids

Clariant

CMB S.p.A.

CPM Crown Europe - UK

CPM Crown Global Companies Asia

CPM Europe Netherlands

Envirogen Technologies BV

EP Minerals*

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

J. Rettenmaier & Söhne GmbH + Co KG

PMI-Tech (Europe) BV

The Dallas Group of America*

Antioxidants

CPM Crown Global Companies Asia

Kemin Food Technologies EMEA

Maxfry GmbH

Other Equipment

Packing equipment

Andreotti Impianti S.p.A.

Bühler Group

Chemtech - part of Omnia Technologies

Cottor Plants (India) Pvt. Ltd.

ELICA Processing OOD*

LIPICO Technologies Pte Ltd

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

Niverplast BV

Pattyn Packaging Lines

PROGLOBAL

Serac Group

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

Veendeep Oiltek Exports Pvt Ltd

Instrumentation

Amafilter - Filtration Group BV

Andreotti Impianti S.p.A.

Anton Paar GmbH

B+B Engineering GmbH

CMB S.p.A.

Instrumentation ... continued

Desmet NV

JJ-Lurgi Engineering Sdn Bhd

KROHNE

LIPICO Technologies Pte Ltd

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

Oxford Instruments

PROGLOBAL

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

United Engineering (Eastern) Corporation LLP

Veendeep Oiltek Exports Pvt Ltd

Testing & analytical equipment

Amafilter - Filtration Group BV

Anton Paar GmbH

Bruker Optik GmbH*

Desmet NV

ELICA Processing OOD*

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

Oxford Instruments

Polytec GmbH

United Engineering (Eastern) Corporation LLP

Pumps/fluid handling

Amafilter - Filtration Group BV

Andreotti Impianti S.p.A.

B+B Engineering GmbH

Blackmer*

CMB S.p.A.

Desmet NV

Dupps Company

GEA Westfalia Separator Group GmbH

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

JJ-Lurgi Engineering Sdn Bhd

JS Proputec A/S*

Koerting Hannover GmbH*

LIPICO Technologies Pte Ltd

Maschinenfabrik Reinartz GmbH & Co KG

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

PROGLOBAL

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

United Engineering (Eastern) Corporation LLP

Veendeep Oiltek Exports Pvt Ltd

Vacuum systems/ejectors

Andreotti Impianti S.p.A.

B+B Engineering GmbH

CMB S.p.A.

Desmet NV

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

JJ-Lurgi Engineering Sdn Bhd

Koerting Hannover GmbH*

LIPICO Technologies Pte Ltd

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

Myers Vacuum*

PROGLOBAL

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

United Engineering (Eastern) Corporation LLP

Veendeep Oiltek Exports Pvt Ltd

VTA Verfahrenstechnische Anlagen GmbH & Co. KG

Process heating systems

Andreotti Impianti S.p.A.

Chemtech - part of Omnia Technologies

CMB S.p.A.

Desmet NV

GEA Westfalia Separator Group GmbH

GekaKonus GmbH

HTI-GESAB GmbH

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

INTEC Energy Systems Sdn Bhd

INTEC Engineering GmbH

JJ-Lurgi Engineering Sdn Bhd

Koerting Hannover GmbH*

LIPICO Technologies Pte Ltd

Maschinenfabrik Reinartz GmbH & Co KG

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

oilRoq GmbH

Olexa

PROGLOBAL

Schneider Kessel Berlin

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

United Engineering (Eastern) Corporation LLP

Veendeep Oiltek Exports Pvt Ltd

Steam boilers

Andreotti Impianti S.p.A.

B+B Engineering GmbH

CMB S.p.A.

Cottor Plants (India) Pvt. Ltd.

Desmet NV

GekaKonus GmbH

HTI-GESAB GmbH

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

INTEC Energy Systems Sdn Bhd

INTEC Engineering GmbH

JJ-Lurgi Engineering Sdn Bhd

Kemia Handels und Projektierungs GmbH

LIPICO Technologies Pte Ltd

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

PROGLOBAL

Schneider Kessel Berlin

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

United Engineering (Eastern) Corporation LLP

Veendeep Oiltek Exports Pvt Ltd

Thermal oil heaters

Andreotti Impianti S.p.A.

B+B Engineering GmbH

CMB S.p.A.

Desmet NV

GekaKonus GmbH

HTI-GESAB GmbH

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

INTEC Energy Systems Sdn Bhd

INTEC Engineering GmbH

JJ-Lurgi Engineering Sdn Bhd

Kemia Handels und Projektierungs GmbH

LIPICO Technologies Pte Ltd

Maschinenfabrik Reinartz GmbH & Co KG

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

PROGLOBAL

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

United Engineering (Eastern) Corporation LLP

Veendeep Oiltek Exports Pvt Ltd

Heat recovery systems

Andreotti Impianti S.p.A.

B+B Engineering GmbH

Bühler Group

Chemtech - part of Omnia Technologies

CMB S.p.A.

Desmet NV

Dupps Company

Farmet

GekaKonus GmbH

HTI-GESAB GmbH

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

INTEC Energy Systems Sdn Bhd

INTEC Engineering GmbH

JJ-Lurgi Engineering Sdn Bhd

Kemia Handels und Projektierungs GmbH

LIPICO Technologies Pte Ltd

Mavitec B.V.*

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

oilRoq GmbH

PROGLOBAL

Schneider Kessel Berlin

Solex Thermal Science

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

Veendeep Oiltek Exports Pvt Ltd

Energy recovery systems

B+B Engineering GmbH

Bühler Group

CMB S.p.A.

Desmet NV

Farmet

GekaKonus GmbH

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

INTEC Energy Systems Sdn Bhd

INTEC Engineering GmbH

Kemia Handels und Projektierungs GmbH

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

oilRoq GmbH

PROGLOBAL

Schneider Kessel Berlin

Solex Thermal Science

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

Veendeep Oiltek Exports Pvt Ltd

Effluent/waste treatment

Bühler Group

CMB S.p.A.

Cottor Plants (India) Pvt. Ltd.

Desmet NV

GEA Westfalia Separator Group GmbH

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

INTEC Energy Systems Sdn Bhd

INTEC Engineering GmbH

COMPANY ACTIVITIES

Kemia Handels und Projektierungs GmbH

MACFUGE by Servizi Industriali Srl

Muar Ban Lee Group

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

Oxford Instruments

PROGLOBAL

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

Tolsa

Spare parts/refurbishing

Amafilter - Filtration Group BV

Bühler Group

CMB S.p.A.

Cottor Plants (India) Pvt. Ltd.

Desmet NV

Desmet Rosedowns Limited

GEA Westfalia Separator Group GmbH

HF Press+LipidTech - division of HF GROUP (HarburgFreudenberger Maschinenbau GmbH

HTI-GESAB GmbH

HUM Oil & Fat Technologies

INTEC Energy Systems Sdn Bhd

INTEC Engineering GmbH

LIPICO Technologies Pte Ltd

Maschinenfabrik Reinartz GmbH & Co KG

Muar Ban Lee Group

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

Olexa

PROGLOBAL

RONO

Schneider Kessel Berlin

SPX FLOW

TECHNOILOGY S.r.l.

United Engineering (Eastern) Corporation LLP

Veendeep Oiltek Exports Pvt Ltd

The above companies are a selection of plant, equipment and technology suppliers to the oils and fats industry which have replied to an Oils & Fats International questionnaire this year.

* Denotes entries from 2023

STATISTICS

STATISTICAL NEWS

Palm oil

The Mintec Benchmark Prices (MBP) for crude palm oil CIF Rotterdam declined by 2% month-on-month (m-o-m), with players halting buying activity in hopes of further price declines. In line with seasonality, market players expect palm oil production to maintain an upward trajectory until third quarter 2024, adding further bearish market sentiment. China’s demand direction will remain a watch-point for prices, as despite reportedly low stocks and falling prices, many buyers continue to purchase alternative soyabean and sunflower oils. Increased production combined with anticipation of lower exports is likely to result in ample stocks. However, weather patterns and policy changes in alternative oils will be factors to watch, as a reduction in availability of these oils is likely to boost demand for palm oil. According to the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), global palm oil production is expected to rise by 1.7% year-on-year (y-o-y) to 79M tonnes for the 2023/24 season.

Soyabean oil

The Mintec Benchmark Prices (MBP) for soyabean oil FCA Netherlands was assessed at €885/tonne on 22 May, up by 0.6% w-o-w and by 1.7% m-o-m. The Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT) futures soyabean and soyabean oil prices settled higher by 3.5% and 4%, respectively, in the week on 20 May, with adverse weather conditions in South America supporting prices. In the Americas, unfavourable weather conditions strengthened soyabean and soyabean oil prices in the week ending 20 May, with premiums rising in South America, narrowing the price gap against US Gulf origin soyabeans. Rainfall in Argentina and catastrophic flooding in Brazil have delayed harvest progress, with logistical disruptions also reported. Market players anticipate Brazilian losses could be between 1-3M tonnes but the country is still expected to produce a large crop of some 154M tonnes for the 2023/24 season, according to the USDA.

Global soyabean oil production is forecast at 62M tonnes by the USDA for 2023/24 season, with a recovery in crush in Argentina, growing feed demand in China, and continued rising US demand for soyabean oil in the upcoming 2024/25 season.

Used cooking oil (UCO)

Used cooking oil (UCO), particularly imported from China to the USA as feedstock material for biodiesel production, increased by 36% y-o-y in February. In the past weeks, there has been increased scrutiny of UCO imports from China, as market sources reported that the material could be fradulent (see p10).

Mintec provides independent insight and data to help companies make informed commercial decisions. Tel: +44 (0)1628 851313

E-mail: sales@mintecglobal.com Website: www.mintecglobal.com

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MBP

MBP

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