URBAN RENEWAL IN
SUNGANG-QINGSHUIHE SHENZHEN
1 1017-216-1986
THE MEGACITY DILEMMA EARLY CIVILIZATIONS 18TH-19TH CENTURY INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
19TH-20TH CENTURY URBANIZATION
CAPITAL ACCUMULATION
GENTRIFICATION-URBAN SPRAWL
CAR DEPENDENT COMMUNITIES CONGESTION
PRIVATIZATION-SPECULATION
20TH-21TH CENTURY ENVIRONMENT DEGRADATION
PRESENT STATE
CITY OF "CAR" SCALE
A DAILY BURDEN
IMAGEABILITY LOST POLITICAL , ECONOMICAL OVER PUBLIC INTEREST AND 3 ENVIRONMENT -1-
1017-216-1986
FROM A SMALL FISHING AND AGRICULTURAL VILLAGE TO A
1985 1986
FREE MARKET LAND USE
1990
RAPID MOTORIZATION
1997
TERTIARY SECTOR DEVELOPMENT
SHENZHEN
2000
...A BRIEF HISTORY
2004
GDP RISE 20 PERCENT
GDP RISE 50 PERCENT
PRESENT STATE
15 MILLION
82 % MIGRANTS
According to unofficial count
DAYUAN-DANWEI WORK UNIT
2011
-2-
MILLION 40 CAR PER 1000 PERSON
NEW MIGRANT WORKERS
LUOHU COMMERCIAL DISTRICT NEW HOUSING
IN LUOHU
GLOBAL CITY
SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE
DANWEI IN LUOHU
SUNGANG QINGSHUIHE
1979 1980
VILLAGE
CASE STUDY PRE 1979
FIVE MILLION MIGRANTS GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIZED HOUSING AT THE FRINGES
EXPANSION OF MRT SYSTEM
BANNING OF ELECTRIC BICYCLES IN DOWNTOWN AREAS
1017-216-1986
POPULATION INCREASE OF
400 TIMES IN 22 YEARS
ON THIS RATE
VERY LIMITED LAND RESOURCE
HOW WILL THE GROWTH EVOLVE ?
SHENZHEN PLANNED TO BECOME AN INTERNATIONAL METROPOLIS LIKE NEW YORK AND LONDON BY 2050. www.toptechglobal.com
WISE MANAGMENT OF RESOURCES MORE PUBLIC TRANSPORT
NEED FOR MORE HOUSING
URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE EXPANSION MORE FACILITIES
"THE TARGET IS TO PROVIDE SOCIAL HOUSING TO 25 PERCENT OF
HIGH-SPEED RAIL IS EXPECTED TO LINK CITIES WITH
THE URBAN POPULACE BY 2020"
MORE THAN HALF A MILLION PEOPLE.
Tao Wang, China economist at UBS Securities (UBS) in Hong Kong
www.businessweek.com
GDP GROWTH RATE OF 15 PERCENT PER YEAR.
37 FIRMS SIGN CONTRACTS WORTH A TOTAL
SHENZHEN WILL HAVE NO SERIOUS DIFFICULTY INTEGRATING WITH HONG KONG ECONOMICALLY BY 2020.
5 OF 220 BILLION WITH OFFICIALS FROM QIANHAI IN HONG KONG.
-3-
The Shenzhen Daily
1017-216-1986
WE CANNOT SOLVE OUR PROBLEMS WITH THE SAME THINKING WE USED WHEN CREATING THEM." "
ALBERT EINSTEIN -4-
1017-216-1986
PROBLEM INVESTIGATION FOR VIABLE SOLUTIONS
TRANS-SCALAR
ANALYSIS OF STATUS QUO
PHASE 1 PHASE 2: DEFINE STRONG INFLUENCES WITHIN THE EXISTING SYSTEM ON-SITE STRATEGY
PHASE 3: RESHAPE LINKAGES 7
DESIGN -5-
1017-216-1986
PHASE 1: TRANS-SCALAR ANALYSIS OF STATUS QUO
REGION
GUANGDONG PROVINCE TERRITORIAL CONNECTIVITY
Shenzhen
HONK KONG'S REGIONAL PROXIMITY REPRESENTS AN ASSET FOR BOTH COMPETITIVNESS AND INTEGRATION. Shenzhen port surpassed Hong Kong in terms of container volume in 2012.
-6-
1017-216-1986
PHASE 1: TRANS-SCALAR ANALYSIS OF STATUS QUO
CITY
CITY FORM
SHENZHEN SHENZHEN DEVELOPED AS A LINEAR CITY, PARALLEL TO THE ESTUARY. A "DECENTRALIZED CONCENTRATION" SYSTEM WHERE A SERIES OF PARALLEL CENTERS WITH SPECIALIZED FUNCTIONS ARE CONNECTED BY TRANSPORTATION CORRIDORS.
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
MOBILITY IS PRIMARLY BASED ON CAR WITH A HARD INFRASTRUCURE OF ROADS AND HIGHWAYS AND UNEVEN DISTRIBUTION OF METRO STATIONS BETWEEN DISTRICTS.
GREEN SPACES
THE CITY IS SURROUNDED BY MOUNTAINS AND HAS THE LARGEST NUMBER OF PARKS WHICH REACHES 45 PERCENT. THE GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE THAT SURROUNDS IT FUCTIONS AS A CITY LUNG. Preserved green spaces Public green spaces
PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS
9
PLAN ADDITIONAL METRO LINES. CONNECT GREEN SPACES TO THE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM. -7-
1017-216-1986
PHASE 1: TRANS-SCALAR ANALYSIS OF STATUS QUO
DISTRICT
SUNGANG-QINGSHUIHE LUOHU SIGNIFICANCE / CULTURAL ASPECTS
NATURAL LANDMARKS "WHEN I WAS A CHILD, MY GRANDPA TOOK ME TO HONGHU PARK ALMOST EVERYDAY. IT IS NEAR MY GRANDPA'S HOME, ONLY A 10-MINUTE WALK, IN LUOHU DISTRICT, SHENZHEN CITY, CHINA. THERE WAS A BIG LAKE IN THE CENTER OF THE PARK. "WHEN YOU WERE A BABY, THE WATER WAS CLEANER THAN NOW" SAID MY GRANDPA. "NOW THERE ARE STILL FISH, BUT NOT LIKE BEFORE. THE LAKE IS STILL POLLUTED."
student at Tenzer Learning Center in New York, NY.
"SHENZHEN", IN LOCAL DIALECT, LITERALLY MEANS "DEEP DRAINS " AS THIS AREA WAS ONCE "CRISSCROSSED BY RIVERS AND STREAMS - AND STILL IS, TODAY - WHITH DEEP DRAINS IN THE PADDY FIELDS"
(Shenzhen Government Online).
LUOHU HAS PRESERVED ONE OF ITS OLDEST FEATURES. UP TO THIS DATE FISHING IS POSSIBLE IN NUMEROUS PLACES. (Dong Lake Park, Honghu park,Fairy Lake Botanical Garden.)
ON THE OTHER HAND ALL VILLAGES WHICH USED TO BE FARMING COMMUNITIES BECAME A PLACE OF BUSINESS.
LIZHI PARK
HONGHU PARK IS PARTICULARLY ENDANGERED BY SEWAGE BECAUSE OF ITS PROXIMITY TO THE INDUSTRIAL AREA. SUNGANG-QINGSHUIHE WIZHU PARK
CONNECT THE CITY WITH ITS GREEN EDGES. RE-ESTABLISH THE BALANCE OF ECOSYSTEMS. REVITALIZE THE AREA'S NATURAL FEATURES BY INTRODUCING NEW LEISURES. -8-
3d source www.edushi.com
SITE DEFICIT
SITE POTENTIAL
1017-216-1986
PHASE 1: TRANS-SCALAR ANALYSIS OF STATUS QUO ACCESSIBILITY PROGRAMMATIC DIVISION
ROAD STRUCTURE
Qingshuihe
Sungang
Metro lines High-speed roads
Highway 30-70m Major street 15-20 m Secondary, local street 7-8 m
Residential Industrial
SUNGANG-QINGSHUIHE IS ACCESSIBLE THROUGHT HIGHWAYS BY CAR AND BUS. METRO LINES DON'T PROVIDE DIRECT ACCESS TO THIS "ISOLATED" AREA.
THE PROXIMITY OF THE RESIDENTIAL AND INDUSTRIAL UNITS SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCES DISTANCES BETWEEN HOUSING AND WORKPLACES.
THE OVERSCALED ROADS ISOLATE THE AREA FROM ITS SURROUNDINGS. NEVERTHELESS THEY REPRESENT A POTENTIAL FOR DENSIFICATION.
The area lacks recreational facilities in comparison with other Luohu centers.
URBAN RHYTHMS AND FUNCTIONALITY
Shopping, health and leisure facilities are grouped within urban villages with an acceptable time of 5 minutes to local convenient stores.
TRAJECTORIES
Workplaces near housing.
(Calculations based on google maps.) Time to reach the closest metro station from the nearest residential slab exceeds the
"catchment" distance
Residential Industrial
PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS
of 800m.
11
PLAN A NEW TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM WITHIN THE AREA . LINK SUNGANG TO QINGSHUIHE AND THE WHOLE AREA TO OTHER DISTRICT CENTERS. IMPLEMENT FACILITIES THAT FULFILL RESIDENTS' NEEDS IN TERMS OF QUALITY AND PROXIMITY. -9-
3d source www.edushi.com
1017-216-1986
PHASE 1: TRANS-SCALAR ANALYSIS OF STATUS QUO
UNITS URBAN VILLAGE
SECTION
TYPOLOGY Dead end
S
URBAN VILLAGES REPRESENT AN AFFORDABLE OPTION FOR MIGRANTS. VIBRANT BUT NOT COMPLETELY SAFE, THEY ARE CHARACTERIZED BY A STRONG CONCENTRATION OF COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES, NOTABLY WHOLESALERS AND INFORMAL MARKETS.
RESIDENTIAL SLAB
25 m
Commerce
TYPICAL BLOCK DIMENSIONS 12X15.5 M
Commerce
Narrow ways (1.5 to 4.5 m)
Courtyard
S
45 m
RESIDENTIAL SLABS ARE DENSER THAN URBAN VILLAGES, THIS LEAVES SPACE FOR WIDER PEDESTRIAN STREETS, GREEN SPACES, COURTYARDS AND PARKING LOTS.
WAREHOUSES
Commerce
Commerce
TYPICAL BLOCK DIMENSIONS 12X40 M
Local street width (7 m) minimum, courtyard 20 m width on average
S
TYPICAL BLOCK DIMENSIONS 30X60 THE INDUSTRIAL AREA HAS NUMEROUS PARKING LOTS, STILL THE MANEUVERING SPACE RESERVED FOR LOGISTIC ACTIVITIES IS OVERSCALED.
25 m
20 m width
3d source www.edushi.com
DIVERSIFY HOUSING TYPOLOGIES AND IMPROVE PERMEABILITY PARTCIULARLY WITHING URBAN VILLAGES. BENEFIT FROM EXISTENT WAREHOUSES TO IMPROVE SMALL LOCAL BUSINESSES. SITE POTENTIAL SITE DEFICIT MORE COMPACT DEVELOPMENT: MIXED USE WITH IMPROVED SOCIAL SPACE. 1017-216-1986 -10-
PHASE 2: DEFINE STRONG INFLUENCES WITHIN THE EXISTING SYSTEM
EXISTING PATTERNS
OWN
SPEC ULAT ION
SEZ
DEVELOPERS
ECONOMIC GROWTH
FREE MARKET LAND USE
ARE
AGES
LOGISTIC HUB
ED B
Y TH
E ST ATE AN
D TH E CO
LLEC TI
VITY
OF P
EASA
NT.
FROM STATE TO
ON
O SY
SEGR E
GATI
UKO
IVE H
RICT
INCOME
million units, over the next seven years, Wang writes .in a March 18 report
HONGHU PARK
HIGH END ACCOMODATION
IAL
SEWAGE
FACTORY ACCOMODATION DANWEI
HIGH INCOME
PRIVATE SECTOR EMPLOYEES
LARGE INFRASTRUCTURE
SOC
INFORMAL MARKETS
URBAN VILLAGES DENSE AFFORDABLE means providing social housing HABITATfor an INDUSTRIAL That LOW INDECENT additional 90 million people, amounting to about 30 ACTIVITY REST
COMMERCE
STEM
LAND
S IN
VILL
DEMOGRAPHIC GROWTH
NEW ENTERPRISES
PUBLIC SPACE
ECOSYSTEM DEGRADATION
13 -11-
1017-216-1986
ON-SITE STRATEGY CITIES MUST BE CONSIDERED AS LIVING ORGANISMS, COMPLEX SYSTEMS WHERE SMALL SHIFTS LEAD TO BIG CHANGES. A"MICRO-MEGA" SYNERGY IS THEREFORE CRUCIAL TO THE FUNCTIONING OF THE SYSTEM. IN THE CASE OF SUNGANG-QINGSHUIHE, WHERE EVERYTHING HAS ALREADY BEEN BUILT, WE AIM FOR A (MICRO) "PEOPLE-CENTERED" DESIGN, USING EXISTING URBAN FABRIC, ECONOMIC, HUMAN CAPITAL AND INTRINSIC SITE QUALITIES IN AN INCREMENTAL PROCESS TO IMPACT THE "MEGA " LEVEL THROUGH
CROSS-DISIPLINARY, TRANS-SCALAR COOPERATIONS AND MULTI LEVEL MOBILITY. THE LATTER CONTROLS THE TEMPORAL DIMENSION :
"THE PACE OF THE CITY". THE FRANTIC METROPOLITAN RHYTHM IS INEVITABLE, BUT WE WANT TO MAKE SURE THAT AT THE (MICRO) HUMAN SCALE LEVEL, IT IS STILL POSSIBLE TO ENJOY A CARELESS PROMENADE WHERE SPACE CAN BE EXPLORED INTUITIVELY, THUS IMPROVING LONG DISTANCE WALKABILITY AT THE "MEGA" SCALE. THIS "MICRO-MEGA" "DOUBLE-PACE" STRATEGY CANNOT BE ACHIEVED WITHOUT THE CREATION OF STRONG LINKAGES THAT MAINTAIN THE SYSTEM'S COHESION WHEN THE "MICRO" ELEMENTS THAT FORM IT EVOLVE OVER TIME. -12-
1017-216-1986
PHASE 3: RESHAPE LINKAGES
DIVERSE LINKAGE POSSIBILITIES MIDDLE INCOME
HONGHU PARK MULTI LEVEL MOBILITY PUBLIC AMENITIES
SHARED PUBLIC REALM
BIG INVESTMENTS BUILT ENVIRONMENT
HIGH INCOME
INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT SMALL BUSINESSES
RENEWABLE ENERGY
LOW INCOME
FACILITIES
COMMERCIAL PUBLIC SPACE
HIGH DENSITY RESIDENTIAL
HOUSING INDUSTRIAL
HUKOU RIGHT
FOOD AND DIARY INDUSTRY
MIGRANT WORKERS HOUSING AFFORDABILITY
ECOLOGY BALANCE FARMING
PRIVATE SPACE
RECYCLING INDUSTRY
-13-
15
LAND TENURE SYSTEM REFORM
1017-216-1986
SPATIALIZE
MIXED USE
ECO INDUSTRIAL PARK
PUBLIC REALM
EDGE
SELECT MOST VIABLE COMBINATIONS FROM PREVIOUS ANALYSIS TO DESIGN SELF ORGANIZING FORCES BY CHOOSING THE KEY ELEMENTS THAT ARE NOT ONLY STRONGLY SYMBIOTIC TO EACH OTHER BUT ALSO HIGHLY SIGNIFICANT TO THE GREATER WHOLE.
NATU
RAL
URBAN VILLAGE
NODE RAPID PACE SLOW PACE / WALKABILITY CENTER SUBCENTER
DESIGN -14-
1017-216-1986