Raptors Conservation 8/2007 by Igor Karyakin

Raptors Conservation ПЕРНАТЫЕ ХИЩНИКИ И ИХ ОХРАНА 2007 №8

ISSN 1814–0076

Ðàáî÷èé áþëëåòåíü î ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêàõ Âîñòî÷íîé Åâðîïû è Ñåâåðíîé Àçèè The Newsletter of the raptors of the East Europe and North Asia Áþëëåòåíü «Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà» ó÷ðåæä¸í ìåæðåãèîíàëüíîé áëàãîòâîðèòåëüíîé îáùåñòâåííîé îðãàíèçàöèåé «Ñèáèðñêèé ýêîëîãè÷åñêèé öåíòð» (Íîâîñèáèðñê) è íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêîé îáùåñòâåííîé îðãàíèçàöèåé «Öåíòð ïîëåâûõ èññëåäîâàíèé» (Í.Íîâãîðîä).

The Raptors Conservation Newsletter was founded by the non-governmental organizations the Siberian Environmental Center (Novosibirsk) and the Center for Field Studies (Nizhniy Novgorod).

Ðåäàêòîðû íîìåðà: Ýëüâèðà Íèêîëåíêî (Ñèáýêîöåíòð, Íîâîñèáèðñê) è Èãîðü Êàðÿêèí (Öåíòð ïîëåâûõ èññëåäîâàíèé, Í.Íîâãîðîä)

Editors: Elvira Nikolenko (Siberian Environmental Center, Novosibirsk, Russia) and Igor Karyakin (Center for Field Studies, N.Novgorod, Russia).

Ýòîò âûïóñê ãîòîâèëè: Ýëüâèðà Íèêîëåíêî, Èãîðü Êàðÿêèí, Íèêîëàé è Åâãåíèé Ïîòàïîâû, Àííà Øåñòàêîâà

This issue has been made by: Elvira Nikolenko, Igor Karyakin, Nikolay and Eugene Potapov, Anna Shestakova

Ôîòîãðàôèÿ íà ëèöåâîé ñòîðîíå îáëîæêè: Ñàïñàí (Falco peregrinus harterti) íà ãíåçäå, ð. Êîíüêîâàÿ, Ìàãàäàíñêàÿ îáëàñòü, Ðîññèÿ, èþíü 1992 ã. Ôîòî Å. Ïîòàïîâà.

Photo on the front cover: the Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus harterti) in the nest, Konkovaya river, Magadan district, Russia, June 1992. Photo by E. Potapov.

Â èëëþñòðàöèè çàäíåé ñòîðîíû îáëîæêè èñïîëüçîâàíû ôîòîãðàôèè È. Êàðÿêèíà è À. Êîâøàðÿ.

Photos on the back cover by I. Karyakin and A. Kovshar.

Èçäàíèå ïîääåðæàíî Âñåìèðíûì ôîíäîì äèêîé ïðèðîäû (WWF) – Ðîññèÿ.

This issue is supported by the World Wide Fund (WWF) Russia.

www.

for a living planet

wwf .ru

Ðåäàêöèîííàÿ êîëëåãèÿ: Ñ.Â. Áàêêà, âíñ, ê.á.í., ÃÏÁÇ «Êåðæåíñêèé», Í. Íîâãîðîä, Ðîññèÿ; sopr@dront.ru Ò.Î. Áàðàáàøèí, ê.á.í., ÐÃÏÓ, Ðîñòîâ-íà-Äîíó, Ðîññèÿ; timbar@bk.ru Ñ.À. Áóêðååâ, ñíñ, ê.á.í., ÈÒèÝÁ ÐÀÍ, Ïóùèíî, Ðîññèÿ; sbukreev@rol.ru Í.Þ. Êèñåëåâà, ê.ïåä.í., ÑÎÏÐ, Í. Íîâãîðîä, Ðîññèÿ; sopr@dront.ru Ð.Ä. Ëàïøèí, äîö., ê.á.í., ÍÃÏÓ, Í. Íîâãîðîä, Ðîññèÿ; lapchine@mail.ru À.Ñ. Ëåâèí, äîö., ê.á.í., Èíñòèòóò çîîëîãèè ÌÎèÍ, Àëìàòû, Êàçàõñòàí; levin_saker@nursat.kz Î.Â. Ìèòðîïîëüñêèé, ïðîô., ä.á.í., Íàöèîíàëüíûé óíèâåðñèòåò, Òàøêåíò, Óçáåêèñòàí; olmit@list.ru À.Ñ. Ïàæåíêîâ, ê.á.í., ÖÑÂÓÝÑ, Ñàìàðà, Ðîññèÿ; f_lynx@hotbox.ru Ì.Â. Ïåñòîâ, ê.á.í., Ýêîöåíòð «Äðîíò», Í. Íîâãîðîä, Ðîññèÿ; vipera@dront.ru Å.Ð. Ïîòàïîâ, Ph.D, Èññëåäîâàíèå Ïðèðîäû, Âåëèêîáðèòàíèÿ; EugenePotapov@gmail.com Þ.Ñ. Ðàâêèí, ïðîô., ä.á.í., ÈÑèÝË ÑÎ ÐÀÍ, Íîâîñèáèðñê, Ðîññèÿ; zm@eco.nsc.ru È.Ý. Ñìåëÿíñêèé, Ñèáýêîöåíòð, Íîâîñèáèðñê, Ðîññèÿ; ilya@ecoclub.nsu.ru À.À. Øåñòàêîâà, ê.á.í., ÍÍÃÓ, Í. Íîâãîðîä, Ðîññèÿ; f_s_c@mail.ru T. Katzner, Ph.D., Conservation and Field Research National Aviary, USA; todd.katzner@aviary.org M.J. McGrady, Ph.D., Natural Research, UK; MikeJMcGrady@aol.com

Àäðåñ ðåäàêöèè: 630090 Ðîññèÿ, Íîâîñèáèðñê, à/ÿ 547 Editorial adress: P.O. Box 547, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090 Tel./Fax: (383) 339 78 85 E-mail:

rc_news@mail.ru ikar_research@mail.ru nikolenko@ecoclub.nsu.ru

http://ecoclub.nsu.ru/raptors Ýëåêòðîííàÿ âåðñèÿ/RC online http://ecoclub.nsu.ru/raptors/RC Ïðàâèëà äëÿ àâòîðîâ äîñòóïíû íà ñàéòå: Guidelines for Contributors available on website: http://ecoclub.nsu.ru/raptors/RC/guidelines/

Editorial ОТ РЕДАКЦИИ Ýòîò íîìåð æóðíàëà ïîñâÿù¸í ïðîáëåìå íåëåãàëüíîãî îòëîâà è âûâîçà ñîêîëîâ. Ñåãîäíÿ êðóïíûå ñîêîëà – áàëîáàí è êðå÷åò – ñòàëè, ïîæàëóé, ñàìûìè óãðîæàåìûìè âèäàìè õèùíûõ ïòèö, êàê â Ðîññèè, òàê è â Öåíòðàëüíîé Àçèè â öåëîì. Òàê, â 90-õ ãîäàõ áîëüøàÿ ãíåçäîâàÿ ïîïóëÿöèÿ áàëîáàíà â Ðîññèè – Âîñòî÷íî-Åâðîïåéñêàÿ – ïðàêòè÷åñêè ïîëíîñòüþ èñ÷åçëà, è å¸ âîññòàíîâëåíèå ñåé÷àñ íàõîäèòñÿ ïîä áîëüøèì âîïðîñîì. Èññëåäîâàòåëè óêàçûâàþò íåñêîëüêî ïðè÷èí ìàñøòàáíîãî ñîêðàùåíèÿ ÷èñëåííîñòè ñîêîëîâ, íî íåèçìåííî ãëàâíîé íàçûâàåòñÿ ïðåññ íåëåãàëüíîãî âûëîâà è êîíòðàáàíäû. Ìû ñ÷èòàåì, ÷òî äàííóþ òåìó íåëüçÿ îñòàâëÿòü áåç âíèìàíèÿ ñïåöèàëèñòîâ-îðíèòîëîãîâ è óñèëèé ïðèðîäîîõðàííûõ îðãàíèçàöèé. Â 2005 ã. â ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâå ñ WWF-Ðîññèè è Ïðîãðàììîé TRAFFIC-International Ñèáèðñêèé ýêîëîãè÷åñêèé öåíòð íà÷àë ïðîãðàììó ïî ïîääåðæêå òàìîæåí â äåëå ïðîòèâîäåéñòâèÿ êîíòðàáàíäå âèäîâ ÑÈÒÅÑ. Òàìîæíè – ýòî åäèíñòâåííûé ðàáîòàþùèé íà ñåãîäíÿøíèé äåíü áàðüåð ïðè âûâîçå «æèâîé» êîíòðàáàíäû èç Ðîññèè, à èíôîðìàöèîííî-ìåòîäè÷åñêàÿ ïîääåðæêà – ýòî ñàìîå ïðîñòîå, ÷åì ìîæíî ñïîñîáñòâîâàòü áîëåå ýôôåêòèâíîé ðàáîòå òàìîæåííèêîâ. Â ðàìêàõ ýòîãî ïðîåêòà â 2006 ã. áûë âûïîëíåí àíàëèç ðûíêîâ âèäîâ ôëîðû è ôàóíû, äîáûòûõ â Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîì ðåãèîíå, à òàêæå àíàëèç ñèòóàöèè ñ ëåãàëüíûì è íåëåãàëüíûì ðûíêîì ñîêîëîâ â ýòîì ðåãèîíå. Ðàáîòà ïîêàçàëà, ÷òî ðàñïðîñòðàí¸ííîå ñðåäè îðíèòîëîãîâ ìíåíèå, ÷òî ïðåññ ëîâà çíà÷èòåëüíî ñíèçèëñÿ, ñ áîëüøîé âåðîÿòíîñòüþ îøèáî÷íî. Íàìè áûë ñäåëàí âûâîä, ÷òî ýòîò áèçíåñ â Ðîññèè «óø¸ë â ïîäïîëüå», ñòàë áîëåå ïðîôåññèîíàëüíûì, íî ñîêðàòèëñÿ íåçíà÷èòåëüíî. Íåëåãàëüíûì ëîâîì ñåé÷àñ çàíèìàþòñÿ õîðîøî îáó÷åííûå è îñíàù¸ííûå ãðóïïû, ïðîòèâîñòîÿòü êîòîðûì èíñïåêòîðàì íà ìåñòàõ êðàéíå òÿæåëî. Ïðîáëåìà çàêëþ÷àåòñÿ åù¸ è â òîì, ÷òî ïðè çàäåðæàíèè íàðóøèòåëåé äåëà, êàê ïðàâèëî, íå äîõîäÿò äî ñóäà èëè çàêàí÷èâàþòñÿ ñìåõîòâîðíûìè ïðèãîâîðàìè, è òå æå ñàìûå ëîâöû ïðîäîëæàþò çàíèìàòüñÿ íàëàæåííûì áèçíåñîì. Áåñïðåöåäåíòíûì ÿâëÿåòñÿ îêîí÷àíèå óãîëîâíîãî äåëà ïî çàäåðæàíèþ íàðóøèòåëÿ ãîñóäàðñòâåííîé ãðàíèöû ñ 19 ñîêîëàìè íà ìîíãîëüñêîé ãðàíèöå â Ðåñïóáëèêå Àëòàé (Ðîññèÿ) â àâãóñòå 2005 ã.: ÷åðåç ïîëãîäà äåëî áûëî çàêðûòî «â ñâÿçè ñ äåÿòåëüíûì ðàñêàÿíèåì ïîäñóäèìîãî»! Â 2006 ã. ñòàðòîâàë ïÿòèëåòíèé ïðîåêò ÏÐÎÎÍ ÃÝÔ, íàöåëåííûé íà ñîõðàíåíèå áèîðàçíîîáðàçèÿ è ðàçâèòèå ñåòè ÎÎÏÒ â Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîì ýêîðåãèîíå. Ñîêîë-áàëîáàí âîø¸ë â ÷èñëî ïðèîðèòåòíûõ âèäîâ ïðîåêòà, íàðÿäó ñî ñíåæíûì áàðñîì è àðãàëè. Â ïëàíàõ – ïðîäîëæåíèå ïîääåðæêè ãîñóäàðñòâåííûõ ïðèðîäîîõðàííûõ ñòðóêòóð è òàìîæåí, ñîçäàíèå è àêòèâíàÿ ðàáîòà ìåæâåäîìñòâåííûõ àíòèáðàêîíüåðñêèõ áðèãàä, à òàêæå óñèëåíèå çíà÷èìîñòè çàïîâåäíèêîâ. Îñòà¸òñÿ íàäåÿòüñÿ, ÷òî ðàáîòà ýòîãî ïðîåêòà äåéñòâèòåëüíî áëàãîòâîðíî ñêàæåòñÿ íà ñîñòîÿíèè ïðèðîäíûõ ïîïóëÿöèé. Ìû, ñî ñâîåé ñòîðîíû, ïðèçûâàåì ñïåöèàëèñòîâ-îðíèòîëîãîâ íå îñòàâàòüñÿ â ñòîðîíå è çàíÿòü àêòèâíóþ ïðèðîäîîõðàííóþ ïîçèöèþ ïî ñîêîëèíîé òåìå.

This issue is devoted to the problem of illegal catching and trafficking of wild falcons. As a result of such illegal activities of the largest falcons – the saker and gyrfalcon are becoming the most endangered raptor species in Russia and in all of Asia. We suppose that this problem must be the under special control of ornithologists, environmentalists and conservationists. In 2005 the Siberian Environmental Center, in cooperation with WWF-Russia and the Program TRAFFIC-International, started the program of the supporting customs in the struggle against the smuggling of species listed in the Appendixes of CITES. The program includes a study of markets for wild animals and plants from the Altai-Sayan region. The results of the study have demonstrated that the bird trapper’s pressure is not declining, as some ornithologists believed. The study also concluded that falcon trafficking has «gone underground», became more professional, but decreased insufficiently. Usually no action was brought against the smugglers/ poachers, and in most cases the court verdicts are laughable and poachers and smugglers continue their business. This was the case when a criminal action by an illegal trader attempting to cross the state border between Russia (the Republic of Altai) and Mongolia with 19 falcons in August 2005 ended after a half a year by «an active repentance of the defendant». The five year project financed by GEF has begun in 2005. It aimed at protecting biodiversity and developing a network of protected areas in the Altai-Sayan region. The Saker Falcon was included in the focused species as a key-species. The project is still active and continues to support nature protection and customs officers. It also targets to create and manage a special interdepartmental anti-poaching task-force and raise the significance of Nature Reserves. We hope that the project will really bring some benefits to wild populations of the endangered species. We appeal to ornithologists to get involved in activities of falcon protection. Elvira Nikolenko and Igor Karyakin

Ýëüâèðà Íèêîëåíêî è Èãîðü Êàðÿêèí

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 8

Ñîáûòèÿ

Events СОБЫТИЯ (1) Contact: Jesse Grantham Chris Barr Hopper Mountain National Wildlife Refuge California USA tel.: (805) 644 51 85

22 îêòÿáðÿ 2006 ã. â Êàëèôîðíèè (ÑØÀ) ïòåíåö êàëèôîðíèéñêîãî êîíäîðà (Gymnogyps californianus), âòîðîé çà 14 ëåò âûðîñøèé â ïðèðîäå, ïîêèíóë ãíåçäî ïàðû äèêèõ ïòèö â Íàöèîíàëüíîì ðåôóãèóìå äèêèõ æèâîòíûõ «Ãîðà Õîïïåð». Òåïåðü 7 ïòåíöîâ ýòîãî âèäà, âûêîðìëåííûõ äèêèìè ïàðàìè, îáèòàþò íà þãî-çàïàäå ÑØÀ â 2-õ èçîëèðîâàííûõ ïîñåëåíèÿõ: 2 – â Êàëèôîðíèè è 5 – â Àðèçîíå. Îáùàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü êàëèôîðíèéñêèõ êîíäîðîâ ñîñòàâëÿåò 128 ïòèö, æèâóùèõ â äèêîé ïðèðîäå, è 156, ñîäåðæàùèõñÿ â çîîïàðêàõ è öåíòðàõ ïî ðàçâåäåíèþ ïòèö. Íàáëþäåíèå çà ïòèöàìè âåä¸òñÿ â ðàìêàõ Íàöèîíàëüíîãî ïëàíà ïî âîññòàíîâëåíèþ êàëèôîðíèéñêèõ êîíäîðîâ, îñíîâíîé öåëüþ êîòîðîãî ÿâëÿåòñÿ óâåëè÷åíèå ÷èñëåííîñòè êîíäîðîâ äî 150 ïòèö è, êàê ìèíèìóì, äî 15 ðàçìíîæàþùèõñÿ ïàð â êàæäîì ïîñåëåíèè. Êîíòàêò (1).

The second California Condor (Gymnogyps californianus) chick to fledge in the wild in California (USA) in more than 14 years has left its nest at the Hopper Mountain National Wildlife Refuge on the 22 October 2006. This brings the total number of California Condor chicks to fledge in the wild in two geographically separate populations to seven: 2 – in California, 5 – in Arizona. There are 128 condors now living in the wild and 156 in captivity at zoos and centers for birds of prey. Observation and research of birds are carried out within the California condor captivity breeding program, the main aim of the program is the increasing condor number in the wild to 150 birds and 15 breeding pairs at least per each population. Contact (1).

Ìîëîäîé êàëèôîðíèéñêèé êîíäîð (Gymnogyps californianus). ÑØÀ, Êàëèôîðíèÿ. Íîÿáðü 2006 ã. Ôîòî Ì. Âîëëàñà The juvenile of the California Condor (Gymnogyps californianus). USA, California. November 2006. Photo by M. Wallace

Êàëèôîðíèéñêèé êîíäîð (Gymnogyps californianus) – ñàìàÿ êðóïíàÿ ïòèöà Ñåâåðíîé Àìåðèêè. Ýòî ïàäàëüùèê, îáèòàþùèé â ãîðàõ Êàëèôîðíèè. Â XX-îì âåêå ÷èñëåííîñòü êîíäîðîâ ñòàëà ñîêðàùàòüñÿ èç-çà èçìåíåíèÿ ìåñòîîáèòàíèé, ñîêðàùåíèÿ ïèùåâûõ ðåñóðñîâ, îòñòðåëà, îòðàâëåíèÿ ñâèíöîì1 è òîêñèíàìè, èñïîëüçóåìûìè äëÿ áîðüáû ñ âîëêàìè. Â 1967 ã. êàëèôîðíèéñêèé êîíäîð âíåñ¸í â ñïèñîê âèäîâ, ïîñòàâëåííûõ ïîä óãðîçó âûæèâàíèÿ â äèêîé ïðèðîäå. Ê 1982 ã. íàñåëåíèå êîíäîðîâ ñîêðàòèëîñü äî 22 ïòèö. Â ýòîò ïåðèîä äëÿ ñïàñåíèÿ âèäà îðíèòîëîãè íà÷àëè ñáîð ïòåíöîâ è ÿèö ó ïîñëåäíèõ ñîõðàíèâøèõñÿ â ïðèðîäå ðàçìíîæàþùèõñÿ ïàð ñ öåëüþ ðàçâåäåíèÿ êîíäîðîâ â íåâîëå. Â 1984 ã. òîëüêî 15 êîíäîðîâ ñîõðàíèëèñü â ïðèðîäå, à 19 àïðåëÿ 1987 ã. ïîñëåäíèé äèêèé êîíäîð áûë îòëîâëåí è äîñòàâëåí â çîîïàðê. Â 1992 ã. ñòàðòîâàëà Ïðîãðàììà ïî âîññòàíîâëåíèþ êàëèôîðíèéñêèõ êîíäîðîâ, â ðàìêàõ êîòîðîé íà÷àëñÿ âûïóñê ïòèö, âûðàùåííûõ â íåâîëå, â ïðèðîäó. Áîëüøå èíôîðìàöèè î ïðîåêòå äîñòóïíî íà ñàéòå Ñëóæáû ðûáû è äè÷è ÑØÀ2. 1 2

http://www.fws.gov/hoppermountain/FryReport.pdf http://www.fws.gov/hoppermountain/

California condor (Gymnogyps californianus) is the largest bird in North America. Condors are scavengers that inhabit mountainous areas of California. But Condor numbers declined in part due to loss of habitat and food and from shooting, lead poisoning1 and toxic substances used to poison predators in the 20th Century. Condors were listed as an endangered species in 1967, under a law that pre-dated the existing Endangered Species Act. In 1982, the condor population reached it lowest level of 22 birds, prompting biologists to start collecting chicks and eggs for a captive breeding program. By late 1984, only 15 condors remained in the wild, the last wild condor was caught in brought in a zoo on the 19 April 1987. In 1992, the Recovery Program began releasing California condors back into the wild. For more information see the site of U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service2.

Events

Raptors Conservation 2007, 8

Ìîãèëüíèê (Aquila heliaca). Âîëãî-Óðàëüñêèå ïåñêè, Êàçàõñòàí (23.04.2006). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà The Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca). The VolgaUral Sands, Kazakhstan (23/04/2006). Photo by I. Karyakin

(2) Contact: Michael J. McGrady Natural Research, Ltd Am Rosenhuegel 59 A-3500 Krems Austria tel/fax +43 273 2 72028 MikeJMcGrady@aol.com http://www.naturalresearch.org (3) Contact: Juan Manuel Blanco uhofleh@wanadoo.es Frank Carlos Camacho fcamacho@ africamsafari.com.mx David Rimlinger Drimlinger@ sandiegozoo.org

24–28 îêòÿáðÿ 2006 ã. â ã. Îðîïåñà (Èñïàíèÿ) ñîáðàëèñü 32 ñïåöèàëèñòà èç 10 ñòðàí, ÷òîáû îáñóäèòü òðåâîæíóþ ñèòóàöèþ, ñêëàäûâàþùóþñÿ ñ îðëàìè â ìèðå. Â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ 32 âèäà îðëîâ (43,2%) çàíåñåíû â Êðàñíûé ñïèñîê ÌÑÎÏ. Íà âñòðå÷å áûëè ïðåäñòàâëåíû íàó÷íûå ïðåçåíòàöèè, è ñîñòîÿëàñü ðàáîòà ãðóïï ïî îïðåäåëåíèþ îðëîâ. Â õîäå äèñêóññèé áûëî ðåøåíî ñôîðìèðîâàòü êîíñîðöèóì ñïåöèàëèñòîâ ïî îðëàì äëÿ îáúåäèíåíèÿ ýêñïåðòíûõ çíàíèé, óñèëèé ïî èçó÷åíèþ è ðàçâåäåíèþ îðëîâ. Â èòîãå âñòðå÷è ó÷àñòíèêè ó÷ðåäèëè Àëüÿíñ îõðàíû îðëîâ (ECA), öåëüþ êîòîðîãî ÿâëÿåòñÿ îõðàíà îðëîâ âî âñåì ìèðå. Ïåðåä ó÷ðåæä¸ííûì àëüÿíñîì ïîñòàâëåíû ñëåäóþùèå çàäà÷è: – óñèëåíèå êîíòðîëÿ çà ñóùåñòâóþùèìè ïîïóëÿöèÿìè îðëîâ; – ðåèíòðîäóêöèÿ îðëîâ; – ïðîâåäåíèå ôóíäàìåíòàëüíûõ è ïðèêëàäíûõ èññëåäîâàíèé; – îáåñïå÷åíèå íàó÷íîé è òåõíè÷åñêîé ïîääåðæêè; – ðàçðàáîòêà è ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå îáðàçîâàòåëüíûõ ìàòåðèàëîâ; – ðàáîòà ñî ñðåäñòâàìè ìàññîâîé èíôîðìàöèè; – ïîèñê ôèíàíñîâîé ïîääåðæêè äëÿ ãëàâíûõ èíèöèàòèâ ïî èçó÷åíèþ è îõðàíå îðëîâ; – îðãàíèçàöèÿ òðåíèíãîâ ïî íàó÷íûì èññëåäîâàíèÿì, êîíòðîëþ çà ïîïóëÿöèÿìè îðëîâ è èõ îõðàíå. Â ðàìêàõ àëüÿíñà ñîçäàíû ðàáî÷èå ãðóïïû ïî ðàáîòå ñî ÑÌÈ, èññëåäîâàíèþ è ìåíåäæìåíòó, è îïðåäåëåíû èõ îñíîâíûå íàïðàâëåíèÿ äåÿòåëüíîñòè, êîòîðûå áóäóò íà÷àòû â 2007 ã. Âèäû, êîòîðûå âçÿòû àëüÿíñîì íà îñîáûé êîíòðîëü – îðëû-çìååÿäû è õîõëàòûå îðëû (Spilornis sp., Spizaetus sp.), èñïàíñêèé ìîãèëüíèê (Aquila adalberti) è ôèëèïïèíñêàÿ ãàðïèÿ (Pithecophaga jefferyi). Êîíòàêò (2). Âòîðîå åæåãîäíîå ñîáðàíèå Àëüÿíñà îõðàíû îðëîâ çàïëàíèðîâàíî íà ñåíòÿáðü 2007 ã. â Ïóýáëî (Ìåêñèêà). Êîíòàêò (3).

Thirty-two specialists from 10 countries on four continents met in Oropesa, Spain (24–28 October 2006) to discuss the alarming worldwide situation for eagles. Of the 74 currently recognized eagle species, 32 (43.2%) are listed as Vulnerable, Endangered or Critically Endangered by the IUCN-World Conservation Union (2006 Red List). Eagles play an important role in the balance and functioning of ecosystems and are sentinels for environmental change. People’s interest in eagles also reflects the wonders of nature, freedom and, in some cultures, spirituality. The meeting combined brief scientific presentations and working groups to identify what is known as well as new means to enhance eagle conservation. The workshop was co-sponsored by the Aquila Foundation, Center for Studies of Iberian Raptors, SeaWorld, Busch Gardens-Conservation Fund, Zoological Society of San Diego, Schubot Exotic Bird Health Center, Fort Worth Zoo, Los Angeles Zoo and the Smithsonian's National Zoological Park. As the workshop discussions proceeded, it was realized that there was value in forming a consortium of like-minded eagle specialists who would integrate their knowledge, scientific expertise and other resources to benefit wild and captive eagles. The participants formed the «Eagle Conservation Alliance» (ECA), with a mission of «acting to conserve eagles worldwide». The ECA’s mission will be met by: – enhancing the management of existing populations; – recovering and, when appropriate, reintroducing eagles to nature; – conducting basic and applied research; – providing advice and technical support; developing and distributing education materials; – communicating and sharing news; – fundraising for priority initiatives; – building capacity (training) in science and eagle management. Working groups on communication, research and husbandry/management identified priority activities to be initiated in the coming year. Species that will benefit include Serpent and Hawk Eagles (Spilornis sp., Spizaetus sp.), the Spanish Imperial Eagle (Aquila adalberti) and the Philippine Eagle (Pithecophaga jefferyi), among others. Contact (2). The Second Annual ECA Workshop will take place in September 2007 at Pueblo, Mexico. Contact (3).

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 8

Áàëîáàí (Falco cherrug). Òåñ-Õåì, Ðîññèÿ (èþíü 2006). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà The Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug). Tes-Hem river, Russia (June 2006). Photo by I. Karyakin

(4) Contact: Dimitar Ragyov Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Central Laboratory of General Ecology, 2 Yurii Gagarin Str. Sofia 1113 Bulgaria tel.: (+359) 898585553 fax: (+3592) 8705498 ragyov@abv.bg dimitarragyov@yahoo.com

Ñîáûòèÿ

30–31 îêòÿáðÿ 2006 ã. â Ñîôèè (Áîëãàðèÿ) ïðîøëî íàöèîíàëüíîå ñîâåùàíèå ïî ñîêîëó-áàëîáàíó (Falco cherrug). Ñîâåùàíèå áûëî ÷àñòüþ ïðîåêòà öåíòðàëüíîé ëàáîðàòîðèè îáùåé ýêîëîãèè ïî áàëîáàíó è ôèíàíñèðîâàëîñü Ìåæäóíàðîäíûì êîíñóëüòàöèîííûì àãåíòñòâîì ïî äèêîé ïðèðîäå (IWC, Ltd, UK) è Àãåíòñòâîì ïî îõðàíå îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäû ÎÀÝ (ERWDA, UAE). Öåëè ñîâåùàíèÿ: – îáçîð èññëåäîâàíèé è ìåðîïðèÿòèé ïî îõðàíå áàëîáàíà â Áîëãàðèè è àíàëèç ñòàòóñà ýòîãî ñîêîëà â Áîëãàðèè è Þãî-Âîñòî÷íîé Åâðîïå; – îáñóæäåíèå è óëó÷øåíèå Áîëãàðñêîãî ïëàíà äåéñòâèé äëÿ âèäà. Â õîäå ñîâåùàíèÿ ïðîçâó÷àëè äîêëàäû: Äèìèòàð Ðàãîâ. Áàëîáàí â ñòðàíàõ Þãî-Âîñòî÷íîé Åâðîïû. Äèìèòàð Ðàãîâ. Ðåçóëüòàòû èçó÷åíèÿ áàëîáàíà â Áîëãàðèè â 2006 ã. Êàìåí Ðóñêîâ. Äåÿòåëüíîñòü Áîëãàðñêîãî îáùåñòâà çàùèòû ïòèö äëÿ îõðàíû áàëîáàíà. Èâàéëî Àíäæåëîâ. Ïðåäâàðèòåëüíàÿ îöåíêà óñëîâèé îáèòàíèÿ è íàñåëåíèÿ ñóñëèêîâ â Ñëèâåíñêîé îáëàñòè â 1998–2006 ãã. Äèìèòàð Äåìåðäæèåâ. Ñòàòóñ ìîãèëüíèêà (Aquila heliaca) â Áîëãàðèè. Äèíàìèêà ïîïóëÿöèè. Èàâîð Èëèåâ. Èñïîëüçîâàíèå õèìè÷åñêèõ âåùåñòâ â ñåëüñêîì õîçÿéñòâå è èõ âëèÿíèå íà õèùíûõ ïòèö. Â õîäå ñîâåùàíèÿ òàê æå áûë îáñóæäåí è äîðàáîòàí ïðåäâàðèòåëüíûé âàðèàíò Áîëãàðñêîãî ïëàíà äåéñòâèé ïî áàëîáàíó, íàìå÷åíà ðàáîòà ïî ñîçäàíèþ íàöèîíàëüíîé ðàáî÷åé ãðóïïû ïî ýòîìó ñîêîëó è ñáîðó èíôîðìàöèè ïî áðàêîíüåðñòâó. Êîíòàêò (4).

On 30 and 31 of October 2006 National Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug) Workshop was held in Sofia, Bulgaria. The meeting was part of the Saker Falcon project of Central Laboratory of General Ecology – BAS, financed by International Wildlife Consultants Ltd. (IWC, Ltd, UK) and Environmental Agency of Abu Dhabi (ERWDA, UAE). The aims of the event were: – to be drawn up a balance of research and conservation actions conducted in Bulgaria to this moment, and to be done analyze of the status of Saker Falcon in Bulgaria and SE Europe; – to be discussed and improved Bulgarian Action Plan for the species. Following reports were sounded and discussed: Dimitar Ragyov. Saker Falcon in the countries of Southeastern Europe. Dimitar Ragyov. Results of the Saker Falcon survey in Bulgaria 2006. Kamen Ruskov. BSPB’s activities for Saker Falcon protection. Ivaylo Angelov. Attempt for assessment of Souslick population condition in Sliven region in 1998–2006. Dimitar Demerdzhiev. Status of Imperial eagle in Bulgaria. Dynamic of the population. Iavor Iliev. Chemicals used in agriculture economy and their influence on the birds of prey. During the meeting also the first draft of Bulgarian Saker Action Plan was discussed and improved, a question for creating of National Saker Working Group was raised and creation of database to estimate the size of the poaching and encroachment on the birds of prey was initiated. Contact (4).

19–24 ìàðòà 2007 ã. Ñîþç îõðàíû ïòèö Ðîññèè â ðàìêàõ ïðîãðàììû «Êëþ÷åâûå îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêèå òåððèòîðèè Ðîññèè» (ÊÎÒÐ) è ïðîåêòà «Óñèëåíèå ó÷àñòèÿ ãðàæäàíñêîãî îáùåñòâà â ñîõðàíåíèå óçëîâûõ òî÷åê Ïàí-Åâðîïåéñêîé ýêîëîãè÷åñêîé ñåòè â Ðîññèè» ïëàíèðóåò ïðîâåäåíèå ìåæäóíàðîäíîé êîíôåðåíöèè «Ïðîáëåìû ïðàêòè÷åñêîé îõðàíû ïòèö íà êëþ÷åâûõ îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêèõ òåððèòîðèÿõ Ðîññèè». Êîíôåðåíöèÿ áóäåò ïðîõîäèòü â ã. Îðåíáóðãå íà áàçå Îðåíáóðãñêîãî ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî ïåäàãîãè÷åñêîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà. Îñíîâíûå íàïðàâëåíèÿ âûñòóïëåíèé è

The Russian Bird Conservation Union within the program «Important bird areas of Russia» and the project «Raising of society in conservation of key-points of Pan-European eco-net of Russia» are planning to hold the international conference «Problems of bird conservation in IBAs of Russia in practice» on 19–24 March 2007. The Conference will be in the Orenburg State Pedagogical University in Orenburg. The main topics being discussed are: – examples of , functional methods of establishing protected areas in the IBAs under current conditions;

Events (5) Êîíòàêò: Åëåíà Êðàñíîâà Êîîðäèíàòîð ïðîãðàììû ÊÎÒÐ Ñîþçà îõðàíû ïòèö Ðîññèè Ðîññèÿ, Ìîñêâà Øîññå Ýíòóçèàñòîâ 60/1 òåë.: +7 (495) 176 10 63 iba@rbcu.ru (5) Contact: Elena Krasnova Coordinator of the IBA Programme Russian Bird Conservation Union Highway Entuziastov 60/1 tel.: +7 (495) 176 10 63 iba@rbcu.ru

(6) Êîíòàêò: Ãåííàäèé Èñàêîâ Ñåêðåòàðü ×óâàøñêîãî îòäåëåíèÿ Ñîþçà îõðàíû ïòèö Ðîññèè Åâãåíèé Îñìåëêèí Ïðåäñåäàòåëü Ýêîëîãè÷åñêîãî äâèæåíèÿ ìîëîäåæè ×óâàøñêîé Ðåñïóáëèêè 428018 ×åáîêñàðû óë. Àôàíàñüåâà, 13 ×óâàøñêîå îòäåëåíèå Ñîþçà îõðàíû ïòèö Ðîññèè sopr21@yandex.ru edemchr@mail.ru (6) Contact: Gennadiy Isakov Eugene Osmelkin Chuvashskoe Branch Bird Conservation Union Afanasieva str., 13 Cheboksary 428018 Russia sopr21@yandex.ru edemchr@mail.ru

Raptors Conservation 2007, 8 ïðåçåíòàöèé, îæèäàåìûå îðãàíèçàòîðàìè îò ó÷àñòíèêîâ êîíôåðåíöèè, ìîæíî ñôîðìóëèðîâàòü ñëåäóþùèì îáðàçîì: – ïðèìåðû êîíêðåòíûõ, ðàáîòàþùèõ íà ïðàêòèêå â ñëîæíûõ óñëîâèÿõ ñåãîäíÿøíåãî äíÿ, ïóòåé ñîçäàíèÿ ÎÎÏÒ íà êëþ÷åâûõ îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêèõ òåððèòîðèÿõ; – êîíêðåòíûå ïðèìåðû ðåàëüíî âíåäðåííîãî â ïðàêòèêó ïðèðîäîîõðàííîãî óïðàâëåíèÿ êëþ÷åâûìè îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêèìè òåððèòîðèÿìè (êàê îõðàíÿåìûìè, òàê è íå ÿâëÿþùèìèñÿ ÎÎÏÒ); – ïóòè è ôîðìû âçàèìîäåéñòâèÿ ÷ëåíîâ Ñîþçà îõðàíû ïòèö ñ îáùåñòâåííîñòüþ, ïðèâîäÿùèå ê ðåàëüíîìó àäðåñíîìó âêëàäó â îõðàíó êëþ÷åâûõ îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêèõ òåððèòîðèé è óëó÷øåíèþ èõ ñîñòîÿíèÿ; – ïðîáëåìû ñîçäàíèÿ è ðîëü òðàíñãðàíè÷íûõ ÊÎÒÐ â îõðàíå ïòèö. Êîíòàêò (5). 24–26 ìàðòà 2007 ã. â ã. ×åáîêñàðû (×óâàøñêàÿ Ðåñïóáëèêà, Ðîññèÿ) ñîñòîèòñÿ ìåæðåãèîíàëüíàÿ íàó÷íî-ïðàêòè÷åñêàÿ êîíôåðåíöèÿ «Èçó÷åíèå ïòèö íà òåððèòîðèè Ñðåäíåãî Ïîâîëæüÿ»3. Êîíôåðåíöèÿ áóäåò ïðîõîäèòü íà áàçå áèîëîãî-õèìè÷åñêîãî ôàêóëüòåòà ×óâàøñêîãî ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî ïåäàãîãè÷åñêîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà. Îñíîâíîé öåëüþ êîíôåðåíöèè ÿâëÿåòñÿ êîíñîëèäàöèÿ îðíèòîëîãîâ Ñðåäíåãî Ïîâîëæüÿ äëÿ îáîáùåíèÿ ðåçóëüòàòîâ ðàáîòû è ïîäãîòîâêè ñîâìåñòíûõ ïëàíîâ ïî èçó÷åíèþ ïòèö ðåãèîíà. Îñíîâíûå íàïðàâëåíèÿ ðàáîòû êîíôåðåíöèè: – ýêîëîãèÿ ïòèö íà òåððèòîðèè Ñðåäíåãî Ïîâîëæüÿ; – ìíîãîëåòíèå ìîíèòîðèíãîâûå èññëåäîâàíèÿ è îöåíêà ÷èñëåííîñòè ïòèö íà òåððèòîðèè Ñðåäíåãî Ïîâîëæüÿ; – ýâîëþöèîííàÿ ìîðôîëîãèÿ ïòèö; – ðåäêèå ïòèöû Ñðåäíåãî Ïîâîëæüÿ è èõ îõðàíà. Ê íà÷àëó êîíôåðåíöèè ïëàíèðóåòñÿ ïîäãîòîâèòü ñáîðíèê òðóäîâ. Êîíå÷íûé ñðîê ïîäà÷è ìàòåðèàëà äëÿ ñáîðíèêà – 15 ôåâðàëÿ 2007 ã. Ìàòåðèàë ïðèíèìàåòñÿ â ýëåêòðîííîì è áóìàæíîì âèäå. Òðåáîâàíèÿ ê îôîðìëåíèþ ñòàòåé: ôîðìàò òåêñòà: doc, rtf; ôîðìàò ñòðàíèöû: À4 (210õ297 ìì); ïîëÿ: 20 ìì – ñâåðõó, ñíèçó, ñïðàâà, ñëåâà; øðèôò: ðàçìåð (êåãëü) – 12; òèï – Times New Roman; âûðàâíèâàíèå òåêñòà ïî øèðèíå áåç ïåðåíîñà ñëîâ; ìåæäóñòðî÷íûé èíòåðâàë – îäèíàðíûé. Â òåêñòå äîïóñêàþòñÿ ðèñóíêè, òàáëèöû. Îáú¸ì ðóêîïèñè íå äîëæåí ïðåâûøàòü 6 ñòðàíèö.

http://www.rbcu.ru/news/RBCU/27122006!.html

– practical examples of introduction of nature conservation management to the IBAs (protected and non-protected areas); – ways and forms of interactions between members of RBSU and the society that put the conservation of certain IBAs into effect, and improved their conditions; – problems with establishing trans-boundary IBAs and their role in bird conservation. Contact (5). The conference «Research of birds in the Middle Volga region» will be hold in Cheboksary (Republic of Chuvashia, Russia) on the 24–26 of March, 20073. The Conference will take place at the biological-chemical facility of the Chuvashian State Pedagogical University. The main aim will be the consolidation of ornithologists of the Middle Volga region for generalizing the results of their research and preparing a joint active plan for studying a bird of the region. The follow topics will be adressed: – ecology of birds in the Middle Volga region; – perennial monitoring and the estimation of bird numbers on the territory of the region; – evolution morphology of birds; – rare bird species of the Middle Volga and their protection. Contact (6).

Ñàïñàí (Falco peregrinus). Ðåêà Êîíüêîâàÿ, Ðîññèÿ (èþíü 1992). Ôîòî Å. Ïîòàïîâà Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus). Konkovaya river, Russia (June 1992). Photo by E. Potapov

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 8

(7) Êîíòàêò: Äåíèñ Âåñ¸ëêèí Åëåíà Êóçüìèíà Èíñòèòóò ýêîëîãèè ðàñòåíèé è æèâîòíûõ ÓðÎ ÐÀÍ 620144 Ðîññèÿ Åêàòåðèíáóðã óë. 8 Ìàðòà, 202 òåë.: +7 (343) 210 38 58 ôàêñ: +7 (343) 260 65 00 confer@ipae.uran.ru (7) Contact: Denis Veselkin Elena Kyzmina The Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology of the Ural Department of the Russian Academy of Science 8 Marta str., 202 Ekaterinburg Russia 620144 tel.: +7 (343) 210 38 58 fax: +7 (343) 260 65 00 confer@ipae.uran.ru

(8) Contact: Robert Zmuda Executive Secretary TURUL P.O. Box 17 00-888 Warsaw Poland conference@peregrinus.pl

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Îðãàíèçàöèîííûé âçíîñ – 200 ðóá. (äëÿ àñïèðàíòîâ è ñòóäåíòîâ – 100 ðóá.) îïëà÷èâàåòñÿ ïî ïðèáûòèè íà ñîâåùàíèå âî âðåìÿ ðåãèñòðàöèè. Êîíòàêò (6). Èíñòèòóò ýêîëîãèè ðàñòåíèé è æèâîòíûõ Óðàëüñêîãî îòäåëåíèÿ Ðîññèéñêîé àêàäåìèè íàóê 16–20 àïðåëÿ 2007 ãîäà â ã. Åêàòåðèíáóðãå (Ðîññèÿ) ïðîâîäèò Âñåðîññèéñêóþ êîíôåðåíöèþ ìîëîäûõ ó÷åíûõ «Ýêîëîãèÿ: îò Àðêòèêè äî Àíòàðêòèêè»4. Êîíôåðåíöèÿ ïîñâÿùåíà Ìåæäóíàðîäíîìó Ïîëÿðíîìó ãîäó, êîòîðûé ñòàðòóåò ïîä ýãèäîé ÞÍÅÑÊÎ â àïðåëå 2007 ã. Íà êîíôåðåíöèè ïëàíèðóåòñÿ ðàáîòà ñåêöèé: – áèîëîãè÷åñêîå ðàçíîîáðàçèå: îöåíêà ñîñòîÿíèÿ è ïðîáëåìû ñîõðàíåíèÿ; – ïðîáëåìû ýâîëþöèè îðãàíè÷åñêîãî ìèðà è ïàëåîáèîëîãèè; – ñîâðåìåííàÿ ñòðóêòóðà è äèíàìèêà ïîïóëÿöèé, âèäîâ, áèîöåíîçîâ; – ìåõàíèçìû àäàïòàöèè áèîòû ê äåéñòâèþ ýêñòðåìàëüíûõ è àíòðîïîãåííûõ ôàêòîðîâ. Êðàéíèé ñðîê ïðè¸ìà ðåãèñòðàöèîííûõ ôîðì è êðàòêèõ àííîòàöèé äîêëàäîâ: 28 ôåâðàëÿ 2007 ã. Êîíòàêò (7). 19–23 ñåíòÿáðÿ 2007 ã. â ã. Ïèîòðîâî (Ïîçíàíü, Ïîëüøà) áóäåò ïðîõîäèòü Êîíôåðåíöèÿ ïî ñàïñàíó. Êîíôåðåíöèÿ ÿâëÿåòñÿ ðåçóëüòàòîì ïðîåêòà ïî ñîçäàíèþ öåíòðàëüíî-åâðîïåéñêîé ðàáî÷åé ãðóïïû ïî ñàïñàíó, ìåæäóíàðîäíîãî ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâà îðãàíèçàöèé èç 4-õ ñòðàí (Ïîëüøè, Âåíãðèè, Ðóìûíèè è Ñëîâàêèè) ïðè ïîääåðæêå ôîíäà Âèñåãðàä. Ñàïñàí (Falco peregrinus) ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïðåêðàñíûì îáðàçöîì óñïåõà â äåëå îõðàíû ïðèðîäû. Â íåêîòîðûõ ñòðàíàõ åãî ïîïóëÿöèè íàõîäÿòñÿ â î÷åíü õîðîøåì ñîñòîÿíèè. Âî ìíîãèõ ñòðàíàõ îñóùåñòâëÿþòñÿ ïðîåêòû ïî ðåèíòðîäóêöèè è êîíòðîëþ çà äèêèìè ïîïóëÿöèÿìè ñàïñàíà. Îäíîé èç íàèáîëåå òðóäíûõ çàäà÷ ÿâëÿåòñÿ âîññòàíîâëåíèå äðåâåñíî-ãíåçäÿùåéñÿ ïîïóëÿöèè ñîêîëîâ â Öåíòðàëüíîé Åâðîïå. Êîíôåðåíöèÿ ïî ñàïñàíó óæå ïðîâîäèëàñü â 1994 ã. â ã. Âëîöëàâåê (ìàòåðèàëû áûëè îïóáëèêîâàíû â æóðíàëå Acta Ornithologica, Ò. 30, Âûï. 1, 1995). Ýòî áûëà î÷åíü èíòåðåñíàÿ è ïðîäóêòèâíàÿ êîíôåðåíöèÿ. Ñåé÷àñ, 10 ëåò ñïóñòÿ, ñèòóàöèÿ ñ ñàïñàíîì ñèëüíî óëó÷øèëàñü. Ðàáî÷àÿ ãðóïïà ïî ñàïñàíó äîëæíà îõâàòèòü âñþ Åâðîïó. Ýòî áóäåò îäíîé èç òåì

http://elementy.ru/events/426662 http://www.peregrinus.pl/conference2007.php

Ñîáûòèÿ The Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology of the Ural Department of the Russian Academy of Science is planning to hold the All-Russian conference for young scientists «Ecology: from Arctic to Antarctic» in Ekaterinburg (Russia) on the 16– 20 April 20074. The conference will be devoted to the International Polar Year, which will start under the aegis of UNESCO on April 2007. Following sections are planning to function on the conference: – biodiversity: estimation of status and problems of conservation; – problems of the wildlife evolution and paleobiology; – modern structure and dynamics of populations, species, biocenosyses; – mechanisms of the biota adaptation to extreme and human factors. The deadline for registration and submission of Abstracts is 28 February 2007. Contact (7). The «Peregrine Conference» will be held in Piotrowo, Poznan, Poland between 19th and 23th September 2007. The Conference is the result of a project on creation of the Central European Working Group on Peregrine and international cooperation of organisations from 4 countries – Poland, Hungary, Romania and Slovakia with support from Visegrad Fund. The Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) is an icon of success in nature conservation. In some countries it’s populations are in a very good condition. In many countries there are projects on its reintroduction and management of wild populations. One of the most difficult tasks is to re-establish the tree-nesting population in central Europe. A conference on Peregrine was already held in Wloclawek in 1994 (proceedings in Acta Ornithologica, vol. 30, No 1, 1995). That was very interesting and fruitful conference. Now, more than 10 years later, the situation of Peregrine is much improved. The Working Group on Peregrine should cover the whole Europe and that would be one of our subjects to discuss at the Conference. The Conference will be a place where friends of the Peregrine from East and West will meet again to exchange knowledge, experience and ideas. Every participant should fill the registration form available on website5. Contact (8).

Events

(9) Contact: Prof. Dr. Heribert Hofer Dr. Marion East Dipl. Soz. Steven Seet Organising committee Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research PF 601103 D-10252 Berlin Germany D-10315 Berlin Alfred-Kowalke-Str., 17 tel.: +49 30 5168 108 fax: +49 30 5126 104 symposium@izwberlin.de

(10) Contact: David Johnson Executive Director Global Owl Project 6504 Carriage Drive Alexandria Virginia 22310 USA djowl@aol.com

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Raptors Conservation 2007, 8 äëÿ äèñêóññèè íà êîíôåðåíöèè. Íà êîíôåðåíöèè âñòðåòÿòñÿ èññëåäîâàòåëè ñ Çàïàäà è Âîñòîêà äëÿ îáìåíà çíàíèÿìè, îïûòîì è èäåÿìè. Äëÿ ó÷àñòèÿ â êîíôåðåíöèè íåîáõîäèìî çàïîëíèòü ðåãèñòðàöèîííóþ ôîðìó, äîñòóïíóþ íà âåá-ñàéòå êîíôåðåíöèè5. Êîíòàêò (8). 7–10 îêòÿáðÿ 2007 ã. â Áåðëèíå (Ãåðìàíèÿ) áóäåò ïðîõîäèòü 6-ÿ Ìåæäóíàðîäíàÿ íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêàÿ êîíôåðåíöèÿ ïî ïîâåäåíèþ, ôèçèîëîãèè è ãåíåòèêå âûâåäåííûõ â íåâîëå è äèêèõ æèâîòíûõ. Öåëü êîíôåðåíöèè – ñïîñîáñòâîâàòü îáìåíó èäåé ìåæäó ñïåöèàëèñòàìè èç ðàçíûõ ñòðàí ïî ìíîãèì äèñöèïëèíàì, ðàáîòàþùèõ êàê ñî ñâîáîäíî æèâóùèìè, òàê è âûâåäåííûìè â íåâîëå æèâîòíûìè. Îñíîâíûå òåìû: – ïîâåäåí÷åñêàÿ ýêîëîãèÿ; – ñòðåññ è áåñïîêîéñòâî; – áèîëîãèÿ ðàçìíîæåíèÿ; – ñîõðàíåíèå ãåíîôîíäà; – óïðàâëåíèå çîîïàðêàìè, êîíòðîëü çà èñêóññòâåííî ñîçäàííûìè è íåáîëüøèìè åñòåñòâåííûìè ïîïóëÿöèÿìè. Ïîñëåäíèé ñðîê ïîäà÷è àáñòðàêòîâ: 30 àïðåëÿ 2007 ã. Ïðèíèìàþòñÿ ñòàòüè ïî âñåì íàïðàâëåíèÿì èçó÷åíèÿ ïîâåäåíèÿ, ýêîëîãèè, ôèçèîëîãèè è ãåíåòèêè. Íà êîíôåðåíöèè áóäåò òðè ôîðìû ïðåäñòàâëåíèÿ äîêëàäîâ: (1) óñòíûå äîêëàäû â õîäå îñíîâíîé ïðîãðàììû êîíôåðåíöèè; (2) óñòíûå äîêëàäû íà êðóãëûõ ñòîëàõ; (3) ïîñòåðû. ßçûê êîíôåðåíöèè – àíãëèéñêèé. Áîëåå ïîäðîáíî î êîíôåðåíöèè ìîæíî óçíàòü íà âåáñàéòå Ëåéáíèöêîãî èíñòèòóòà èññëåäîâàíèÿ äèêèõ è ðàçâåä¸ííûõ â íåâîëå æèâîòíûõ6. Êîíòàêò (9). 31 îêòÿáðÿ – 4 íîÿáðÿ 2007 ã. â ã. Ãðîíèíãåíå (Íèäåðëàíäû) Îáùåñòâî ëþáèòåëåé ïòèö Êîðîëåâñòâà Íèäåðëàíäû, Ìåæäóíàðîäíûé ïðîåêò ïî ñîâàì è Âñåìèðíàÿ àññîöèàöèÿ ëþáèòåëåé ñîâ ïëàíèðóþò ïðîâåäåíèå êîíôåðåíöèè «Ñîâû – ïðîâîäíèêè îõðàíû ïðèðîäû â èçìåíÿþùèõñÿ ìåñòîîáèòàíèÿõ»7. Îñíîâíûìè òåìàìè êîíôåðåíöèè ñòàíóò âîïðîñû îáùåé áèîëîãèè è îõðàíû ñîâ.

http://www.izw-berlin.de/de/izw-symposium.html http://www.worldowlconference.com

The «6th International Zoo and Wildlife Research Conference on Behavior, Physiology and Genetics» will be held in Berlin, Germany between 7th and 10th October 2007. Aim – to foster an exchange of ideas among international specialists from many disciplines working with free-ranging and captive animals. Main topics: – behavioral ecology; – stress & disturbance; – reproduction biology; – conservation genetics; – management of zoo, captive and small populations. Abstract deadline: 30th April 2007. Contributions from all fields of behavior, ecology, physiology and genetics are welcome. There will be three different forms of presentations: (1) oral contributions during the main conference programme; (2) oral contributions during workshops; (3) posters. The conference will be conducted in English, thus all contributions will be in English. Details about the conference will be available on the Leibniz Institut for Zoo and Wildlife Research website6. Contact (9).

Îøåéíèêîâàÿ ñîâêà (Otus bakkamoena). Ðîññèÿ, Ïðèìîðñêèé êðàé (àâãóñò 2005). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà The Collared Scops Owl (Otus bakkamoena). Russia, Primorskiy Kray (August 2005). Photo by I. Karyakin

Birdlife the Netherlands, Global Owl Project and the World Owl Trust are planning the World Owl Conference «Owls, Ambassadors for the Protection of Nature in their Changing Landscapes», which will be held in Groningen, Netherlands from 31st October through 4th November, 20077. The focus of this conference is on general owl biology and conservation issues.

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 8 Äëÿ ó÷àñòèÿ â êîíôåðåíöèè ïðèãëàøàþòñÿ èññëåäîâàòåëè ñî âñåãî ìèðà. Îðãàíèçàöèîííûé êîìèòåò îêàçûâàåò ïîìîùü â ïîèñêàõ ñðåäñòâ äëÿ ó÷àñòèÿ â êîíôåðåíöèè (íåîáõîäèìîñòü ïîìîùè ñëåäóåò óêàçàòü â ïîäàâàåìûõ äîêóìåíòàõ). Ïîëíûå òåêñòû ñòàòåé áóäóò ðåôåðèðîâàòüñÿ è ïóáëèêîâàòüñÿ â ñáîðíèêå òðóäîâ êîíôåðåíöèè. Ïîñëåäíèé ñðîê ïîäà÷è ìàòåðèàëîâ – 1 ñåíòÿáðÿ 2007 ã. Îñíîâíûå íàïðàâëåíèÿ ðàáîòû êîíôåðåíöèè: – ìåòîäîëîãèÿ; – ìåòîäû èññëåäîâàíèé è âåäåíèÿ ìîíèòîðèíãà; – óïðàâëåíèå äàííûìè è èõ èñïîëüçîâàíèå: ìåñòíûå, ðåãèîíàëüíûå è ãëîáàëüíûå ïðîãðàììû; – ãðàæäàíñêàÿ íàóêà: ãäå âñòðå÷àþòñÿ âîëîíòåðû è àêàäåìèêè; – ìåòîäû ðàäèîòåëåìåòðèèè è ïðèìåíåíèå èõ äëÿ îõðàíû ñîâ; – ôîòî- è âèäåî òåõíîëîãèè è ñîâû; – áèîñèñòåìàòèêà; – ãåíåòèêà è òàêñîíîìèÿ; – ìîðôîëîãèÿ è ôèçèîëîãèÿ; – ýêîëîãèÿ; – îöåíêà ñðåäû îáèòàíèÿ, èíñòðóìåíòû è îïèñàíèå; – äåìîãðàôèÿ ñîâ; – îöåíêà ìåñò ãíåçäîâàíèÿ; – ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå ñîâ è ÃÈÑ-êàðòèðîâàíèå; – îáúÿñíåíèå ïîïóëÿöèîííûõ òðåíäîâ; – ïàðàçèòû ñîâ; – ñîâû íà àíòðîïîãåííûõ òåððèòîðèÿõ; – âåòðÿíûå ýëåêòðîñòàíöèè è ñîâû; – îõðàíà ñîâ; – ïðîãðàììû ïî ðàçâåäåíèþ â íåâîëå è ðåèíòðîäóêöèè ñîâ; – ñîâû è ïåñòèöèäû; – ñîâû â ïðåäàíèÿõ è êóëüòóðå.

Êîíòàêò (10).

Ñîáûòèÿ The conference is opened to owl researchers from all parts of the world. The organizing committee is willing to help to seek funds for delegates from low-income countries, which have no other financial resources (please indicate with the contribution abstract). Full papers from oral presentations will be peer reviewed and included in hard copy proceedings. Deadline for Abstracts: 1 September 2007. Topics to be covered in this conference: – methodology; – survey Techniques and Monitoring Protocols; – data Management and Access – local, regional, and global programs; – citizen Science: where volunteers and academics meet; – radio-telemetry Techniques and Conservation Application; – camera and Video Technology and Owls; – biosystematics; – genetics and Taxonomy; – morphology and physiology; – ecology; – habitat Assessments, Inventories, and Descriptions; – demographics of Owls; – nest Site Evaluations; – owl Distribution and Geospatial Mapping; – explaining population trends; – predator-prey relationships; – owl parasites; – owls in cultivated areas; – wind farms; – owls in natural forests vs. plantations; – conservation; – captive Breeding and Reintroduction Programs; – biodiversity Conservation Strategies; – owls and pesticides; – causes of mortality; – owls in Lore and Culture.

Contact (10).

Contraband of Falcons КОНТРАБАНДА СОКОЛОВ

(11) Êîíòàêò: Ñåðãåé Îêà¸ìîâ ÀÍÎ «Ñàÿíñêèé ñîêîë» 655004 Àáàêàí óë. Á. Õìåëüíèöêîãî, 224 òåë.: +7 (3902) 25 07 83 (11) Contact: Sergey Okayomov NGO «Sayanskiy sokol» B. Hmelnitskogo str., 224 Abakan 655004 Republic of Khakasiya Russia tel.: +7 (3902) 25 07 83

29 ñåíòÿáðÿ 2006 ã. â Øèðèíñêîì ð-íå ðåñïóáëèêè Õàêàñèÿ (Ðîññèÿ) áûëà çàäåðæàíà ãðóïïà ñèðèéñêèõ ëîâöîâ, ó êîòîðûõ áûëè ðåêâèçèðîâàíû 2 áàëîáàíà (Falco cherrug) è 2 ñàïñàíà (Falco peregrinus), à òàêæå áîëüøîå êîëè÷åñòâî îðóäèé ëîâà. Â íî÷ü ñ 28 íà 29 ñåíòÿáðÿ ëåéòåíàíò ìèëèöèè Âèòàëèé Íèêèòèí çàìåòèë â ëåñîïîëîñå â ðàéîíå îç. Áåëå 6 ìàøèí. Ðÿäîì ñ íèìè ðàñïîëîæèëèñü íà íî÷ü 10 ëèö àðàáñêîé íàöèîíàëüíîñòè, ó êîòîðûõ ëåéòåíàíò îáíàðóæèë ÷åòûð¸õ ïðèâÿçàííûõ ñîêîëîâ. Óòðîì Â. Íèêèòèí âûçâàë îïåðàòèâíóþ ãðóïïó, äî ïðèåçäà êîòîðîé óäåðæèâàë íàðóøè-

A group of syrian poachers was arrested in the Shira region of the Republic of Khakasia (Russia) on the 29 September 2006. Two Sakers (Falco cherrug) and two Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus) as well as the numerous instruments for catching were confiscated. Vitaliy Nikitin a lieutenant to militia had noted 6 vehicles in a forest-line in the region the Bele Lake in the night 28–29 September. Near by them he had seen 10 Arabians spending the night, beside the lieutenant had found four clinging falcons. In the morning, V. Nikitin had caused a task force and till their arriving retained poach-

Events

Raptors Conservation 2007, 8 òåëåé â îäèíî÷êó. Â õîäå ðàññëåäîâàíèÿ îêàçàëîñü, ÷òî ñðåäè çàäåðæàííûõ áûëî 2 ãðàæäàíèíà Ðîññèè (èç Íîâîñèáèðñêà è Áîãðàäñêîãî ð-íà Õàêàñèè), 7 ãðàæäàí Ñèðèè è 1 ãðàæäàíèí Èðàíà, èç âñåõ çàäåðæàííûõ ïîðóññêè ãîâîðèë òîëüêî îäèí. Êðîìå ñîêîëîâ ó íèõ áûëî ðåêâèçèðîâàíî áîëüøîå êîëè÷åñòâî ãîëóáåé è îðóäèé ëîâà – 3 ïàêåòà (áîëåå ñîòíè!) æèëåòîâ ñ ïåòëÿìè. Ñîêîëà áûëè ïåðåäàíû â àáàêàíñêèé çîîïàðê, ãäå òðè èç ÷åòûð¸õ áûëè âûïóùåíû 2 îêòÿáðÿ. Ñîñòîÿíèå äâóõ ïòèö (áàëîáàíà è ñàïñàíà) ïðè çàäåðæàíèè áûëî íîðìàëüíîå, äðóãîé áàëîáàí èìåë ñèëüíî ïîâðåæä¸ííîå õâîñòîâîå îïåðåíèå, à îäèí ñàïñàí íàõîäèëñÿ â ïëîõîì ñîñòîÿíèè è óìåð â çîîïàðêå íà ñëåäóþùèé äåíü îò ïîâðåæäåíèÿ âíóòðåííîñòåé, äîïóùåííûõ, ïî-âèäèìîìó, ïðè îòëîâå. Ïî ðåçóëüòàòó çàäåðæàíèÿ ÌÂÄ Ðåñïóáëèêè áûëî âîçáóæäåíî óãîëîâíîå äåëî. Â òå÷åíèå ìåñÿöà ïîñëå èíöèäåíòà âñå çàäåðæàííûå íàõîäèëèñü â Àáàêàíå ïîä ïîäïèñêîé î íåâûåçäå, ïîñëå ÷åãî èíîñòðàíöàì áûëî ðàçðåøåíî âåðíóòüñÿ íà ðîäèíó. Êîíòàêò (11).

Êðå÷åò (Falco rusticolus), çàäåðæàííûé ïðè ïîïûòêå êîíòðàáàíäû. Ðîññèÿ, Ñàìàðà (äåêàáðü 2007). Ôîòî À. Ïàæåíêîâà Confiscated illegal Gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus). Russia, Samara (December 2007). Photo by A. Pazhenkov

(12) Êîíòàêò: Àëåêñåé Ïàæåíêîâ Öåíòð ñîäåéñòâèÿ «Âîëãî-Óðàëüñêîé ýêîëîãè÷åñêîé ñåòè» Ðîññèÿ Ñàìàðà 443045 à/ÿ 8001 f_lynx@hotbox.ru http://econet.universite.ru (12) Contact: Aleksey Pazhenkov The Volga-Ural ECONET Assistance Centre P.O. Box 8001, Samara Russia 443045 f_lynx@hotbox.ru http://econet.universite.ru

6 äåêàáðÿ 2006 ã. ñîòðóäíèêàìè Ñàìàðñêîé òàìîæíè â àýðîïîðòó Êóðóìî÷ ïðåñå÷åíà ïîïûòêà êîíòðàáàíäíîãî âûâîçà ïàðòèè ñîêîëîâ. Ïðè ïîñàäêå íà ðåéñ Ñàìàðà-Äóøàíáå â áàãàæå ãðàæäàíèíà Ñèðèè, ïðîæèâàþùåãî â Áàðíàóëå, îáíàðóæåíî 3 êðå÷åòà (Falco rusticolus) è 1 áàëîáàí (Falco cherrug). Âåä¸òñÿ ñëåäñòâèå. Îäèí êðå÷åò áåëîé ìîðôû ïîãèá ñðàçó ïîñëå èçúÿòèÿ, îñòàëüíûå ïòèöû áûëè ïåðåäàíû â Ñàìàðñêèé çîîïàðê. Ïðè îôîðìëåíèè ïåðåäà÷è çàäåðæàííûõ ïòèö áûëè äîïóùåíû îøèáêè. Â ÷àñòíîñòè, ïðåäñòàâèòåëè Ñàìàðñêîãî âåòåðèíàðíîãî íàäçîðà íàëîæèëè ìåñÿ÷íûé êàðàíòèí íà Ñàìàðñêèé çîîïàðê, ïðèíÿâøèé ïòèö. Â òå÷åíèå ìåñÿöà êîíôèñêîâàííûå ïòèöû ïåðåäåðæèâàëèñü â íåáëàãîïðèÿòíûõ óñëîâèÿõ. Êîíòðîëü çà èõ ñîñòîÿíèåì îñóùåñòâëÿëè ñîòðóäíèêè Öåíòðà ñîäåéñòâèÿ «ÂîëãîÓðàëüñêîé ýêîëîãè÷åñêîé ñåòè» (ã. Ñàìàðà) è Öåíòðà ðåàáèëèòàöèè õèùíûõ ïòèö (ã. Óëüÿíîâñê). Â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ ñîêîëû ïåðåäàíû â Öåíòð ñïàñåíèÿ äèêèõ æèâîòíûõ (ã. Ìîñêâà) è, â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ ïèñüìåííûì ðàñïîðÿæåíèåì çàìåñòèòåëÿ ðóêîâîäèòåëÿ Ðîñïðèðîäíàäçîðà Î. Ìèòâîëÿ, ïòèöû ïîñëå ðåàáèëèòàöèè äîëæíû áûòü âîçâðàùåíû â äèêóþ ïðèðîäó. Êîíòàêò (12).

ers alone. In the course of investigations It was known that amongst arrested individuals 2 person were Russians (from Novosibirsk and Bogradskiy region of the Republic of Khakasia), 7 – Syrians and a person was from Iran, of all detainees only one spoke Russian. Except falcons the numerous pigeons and instruments for catching – 3 packages (more than one hundred) waistcoats with loops. The falcons were brought to the Abakan Zoo, where three from four were released on the 2 October. Health of two birds at the time of detention (Saker and Peregrine Falcon) was normal, one Saker had tail plumage powerfully damaged, but other Peregrine Falcon was very weak and died in the zoo because internal damages that he had gotten probably under catching, the next day. As the result of the arrest the Ministry of Inners of the Republic of Khakasia brought a criminal action. The all detainees were in Abakan under the prohibition to depart during a month after the incident, after foreigners had a permission to return to the native land. Contact (11). Employees of Samara customs in the airport Kurumoch have stopped an attempt of illegal export of a party of falcons on the 6 December 2006. Three Gyrfalcons (Falco rusticolus) and a Saker (Falco cherrug) were found in the baggage of a person of Syria living in Barnaul at the moment of his boarding on the flight Samara-Dushanbe. A criminal action has been brought against smugglers. The investigation is running. One Gyrfalcon of white morph was died after detention at once; other birds were brought to the Samara Zoo. At the bringing of confiscated birds were made several mistakes. In particular officials of the Service of Veterinary Control have imposed a monthly quarantine on the Samara Zoo that accepted birds. Within a month confiscated birds were kept in disadvantage conditions. The employees of the Volga-Ural ECONET Assistance Center (Samara) and the Center for Rehabilitation of Raptors (Ulyanovsk) controlled condition of these birds. At present time the falcons have been brought in the Center of Wild Animal Rescue (Moscow), and following the notice of the deputy leader of the Federal Service of Supervision in Nature Management O. Mitvol after rehabilitations birds must be released back into the wild. Contact (12).

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 8

Îõðàíà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

Raptors Conservation ОХРАНА ПЕРНАТЫХ ХИЩНИКОВ Falcon trade on the border of ages: myths and facts СОКОЛИНЫЙ БИЗНЕС НА РУБЕЖЕ ВЕКОВ: МИФЫ И ФАКТЫ Nikolenko E.G. (Siberian Environmental Center, Novosibirsk, Russia) Karyakin I.V. (Center for Field Studies, N. Novgorod, Russia) Ни олен о Э.Г. (МБОО «Сибирс ий э оло ичес ий центр», Новосибирс , Россия) Каря ин И.В. (Центр полевых исследований, Н. Нов ород, Россия)

Êîíòàêò: Ýëüâèðà Íèêîëåíêî ÌÁÎÎ «Ñèáèðñêèé ýêîëîãè÷åñêèé öåíòð» 630090 Ðîññèÿ Íîâîñèáèðñê, à/ÿ 547 òåë./ôàêñ: +7 (383) 339 78 85 nikolenko@ecoclub.nsu.ru Èãîðü Êàðÿêèí Öåíòð ïîëåâûõ èññëåäîâàíèé 603000 Ðîññèÿ Íèæíèé Íîâãîðîä óë. Êîðîëåíêî, 17a-17 òåë.: +7 (8312) 33 38 47 ikar_research@mail.ru Contact: Elvira Nikolenko NGO Siberian Environmental Center P.O. Box 547 Novosibirsk 630090 Russia tel./fax: +7 (383)33978 85 nikolenko@ecoclub.nsu.ru Igor Karyakin Center of Field Studies Korolenko str., 17a-17 Nizhniy Novgorod 603000 Russia tel.: +7 (8312) 33 38 47 ikar_research@mail.ru

Ââåäåíèå

Introduction

Îáùåñòâåííîå ìíåíèå î ñîêîëèíîì áèçíåñå â ñðåäå îðíèòîëîãîâ è ñïåöèàëèñòîâ ïî îõðàíå ïðèðîäû ñôîðìèðîâàíî â îñíîâíîì ïóáëèêàöèÿìè â ÑÌÈ, ñâåäåíèÿ â êîòîðûõ, êàê ïðàâèëî, ïîâåðõíîñòíû èëè â êîðíå íå âåðíû. Òåì íå ìåíåå, ñîêîëèíûé áèçíåñ â Ðîññèè óæå áîëåå 20-òè ëåò àêòèâíî ðàçâèâàåòñÿ, èìååò ñâîþ èñòîðèþ, òåíäåíöèè è çàìåòíîå âëèÿíèå íà ñîñòîÿíèå ïîïóëÿöèé ñîêîëîâ. Öåëüþ äàííîé ñòàòüè ÿâëÿåòñÿ êðàòêîå îïèñàíèå èñòîðèè ñòàíîâëåíèÿ, ëåãàëüíîé è íåëåãàëüíîé ñîñòàâëÿþùåé ñîêîëèíîãî áèçíåñà, ñòðóêòóðû ðûíêà, öåí, ìåòîäîâ îòëîâà, ïåðåäåðæêè è âûâîçà ñîêîëîâ. Âîçìîæíî, çíàíèå ðåàëüíîé ñèòóàöèè ïîìîæåò ñïåöèàëèñòàì áîëåå ýôôåêòèâíî îõðàíÿòü ðîññèéñêèõ ñîêîëîâ, íàïðàâèâ ðàçâèòèå ñîêîëèíîãî áèçíåñà â çàêîííîå è óïðàâëÿåìîå ðóñëî.

The main part of ornithologists and environmentalists don’t have enough information about falcon trade in the world that makes the struggle against illegal trade of falcons difficult. The main aim of the paper is making a short report about falcon trade: structure, prices and methods of catching and transporting of falcons. Renaissance of falconry has started since 1970-s in Gulf States where it is a great cultural tradition. The main species of birds used for hunting are the large falcons – the Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus), Saker (Falco cherrug), Gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus), that breeding ranges are located far from the territory of Arab States.

Îõîòà ñ ñîêîëàìè Îõîòà ñ ñîêîëàìè ÿâëÿåòñÿ ÷àñòüþ êóëüòóðíîãî íàñëåäèÿ ìíîãèõ íàðîäîâ, è èìåííî ýòî ëåæèò â îñíîâå ôîðìèðîâàíèÿ ìèðîâîãî ñîêîëèíîãî ðûíêà. Â Ðîññèè áîãàòåéøàÿ èñòîðèÿ ñîêîëèíîé îõîòû ôàêòè÷åñêè çàêîí÷èëàñü åù¸ â XIX âåêå, çàäîëãî äî ðåâîëþöèè. Ëèøü â 70– 80-õ ãã. XX âåêà, ñ ôîðìèðîâàíèåì óñòîé÷èâîãî ðûíêà ñîêîëîâ â àðàáñêèõ ñòðàíàõ, â Ðîññèè ñòàëè ïîÿâëÿòüñÿ ñîêîëüíèêè, áîëüøàÿ ÷àñòü êîòîðûõ áûëà îðèåíòèðîâàíà íå íà îõîòó ñ ñîêîëàìè, à íà èõ îòëîâ, ïåðåäåðæêó è ïîñòàâêó â àðàáñêèå ñòðàíû. Èíòåðåñ ê ñîêîëèíîé îõîòå â ñòðàíàõ Ïåðñèäñêîãî çàëèâà ðåçêî âîçðîñ â êîíöå

Export and import of falcons Iran, Pakistan, China and Mongolia are the main legal exporters of falcons now. Some number of falcons is exported from Afghanistan, Egypt, Syria and Libya. Single supplies are registered from Iraq and Morocco. (Fox et al., 2003). Russia also exported sakers last 10 years, but the portion of it in world trade was insignificant. However a large number of Russian wild sakers go on Arab markets because the main part of they is caught during migrations. And Russia is the monopolist in a trade of gyrfalcons, but this trade is illicit. Following some estimates near 5000–5500 falcons are imported in the Gulf States every year, but only a half of they is legal. (Fedotkin, Sorokin, 2006). However according to falcon receiving into falcon hospitals annual import is no less than 9000 birds (Fox et al., 2003).

Raptors Conservation

Raptors Conservation 2007, 8 1970-õ ãã. â ñâÿçè ñ óñòîé÷èâûì ýêîíîìè÷åñêèì ðîñòîì. Òîãäà ôàêòè÷åñêè çàíîâî ñôîðìèðîâàëñÿ ðûíîê ñîêîëîâ, ïðàâèëà êîòîðîãî äèêòîâàëèñü æåëàíèÿìè øåéõîâ. Îñîáåííîñòü äàííîãî ðûíêà â òîì, ÷òî îñíîâíîé èíòåðåñ ïðîÿâëÿåòñÿ ê êðóïíûì ñîêîëàì – ñàïñàíó (Falco peregrinus), áàëîáàíó (Falco cherrug) è êðå÷åòó (Falco rusticolus), ò.å. ê âèäàì, ãíåçäîâîé àðåàë êîòîðûõ íàõîäèòñÿ çà ïðåäåëàìè àðàáñêèõ ñòðàí. Ñàìîé ïðåäïî÷èòàåìîé ïòèöåé ÿâëÿåòñÿ áàëîáàí. Êðå÷åò ïëîõî ïåðåíîñèò óñëîâèÿ æèçíè â ïóñòûíå, à ñàïñàí íå ìîæåò áðàòü îáúåêòû òðàäèöèîííîé äîáû÷è àðàáñêèõ îõîòíèêîâ (äðîôà-êðàñîòêà Chlamydotis undulata è çàÿö-òîëàé Lepus tolai) èç-çà èíîé ñòðàòåãèè îõîòíè÷üåãî ïîâåäåíèÿ. Ïîýòîìó èìåííî áàëîáàí ïîëüçóåòñÿ íàèáîëüøèì ñïðîñîì.

Ýêñïîðò è èìïîðò ñîêîëîâ Ëîâ÷èé áàëîáàí (Falco cherrug). Ôîòî È. Ñìåëÿíñêîãî Hunting Saker (Falco cherrug). Photo by I. Smelansky

Â êîíöå 90-õ ãã. ñîêîëèíûå ðûíêè ïðîöâåòàëè âî âñåõ àðàáñêèõ ñòðàíàõ, âêëþ÷àÿ ÎÀÝ, ïîäïèñàâøèõ ÑÈÒÅÑ. Îñíîâíûìè ýêñïîðò¸ðàìè ñîêîëîâ â ýòîò ïåðèîä áûëè Àôãàíèñòàí, Ïàêèñòàí è Èðàí, ïðè÷¸ì 2 ïîñëåäíèå ñòðàíû ïîñòàâëÿëè ñîêîëîâ «ëåãàëüíî». Òîëüêî Ïàêèñòàí åæåãîäíî âûâîçèë îêîëî 1700 ñîêîëîâ (Riddle, Remple, 1994), ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî áàëîáàíîâ, ïðè òîì, ÷òî ÷èñëåííîñòü âñåé ãíåçäÿùåéñÿ ïàêèñòàíñêîé ïîïóëÿöèè áàëîáàíà îöåíèâàëàñü â 10 ïàð (Clarke, ïî Ôîêñ è äð., 2003). Ëèäèðîâàâøèé â ïîñòàâêàõ ñîêîëîâ Àôãàíèñòàí ïðàêòè÷åñêè âûïàë èç ñîêîëèíîãî áèçíåñà ïîñëå ñîáûòèé 11 ñåíòÿáðÿ 2001 ã. Â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ îñíîâíûìè ëåãàëüíûìè ïîñòàâùèêàìè ñîêîëîâ (áàëîáàíà, ñàïñàíà, øàõèíà (Falco pelegrinoides) – ïðè àáñîëþòíîì äîìèíèðîâàíèè ïåðâîãî) ÿâëÿþòñÿ Èðàí, Ïàêèñòàí, Êèòàé è Ìîíãîëèÿ. Íåêîòîðîå êîëè÷åñòâî ñîêîëîâ ïîñòóïàåò èç Àôãàíèñòàíà, Åãèïòà, Ñèðèè è Ëèâèè. Åäèíè÷íûå ïîñòàâêè èçâåñòíû èç Èðàêà è Ìàðîêêî (Ôîêñ è äð., 2003). Ïîñòàâêè ñîêîëîâ èç Êàçàõñòàíà, Óçáåêèñòàíà è Ðîññèè â âûøåóêàçàííîé âûáîðêå íå ïðåäñòàâëåíû ïî òîé ïðè÷èíå, ÷òî ýêñïîðò èç ýòèõ ñòðàí ñëèøêîì ìàë, õîòÿ Ðîññèÿ ïîñëåäíèå 10 ëåò ðåãóëÿðíî ëåãàëüíî ïîñòàâëÿëà áàëîáàíîâ. Òåì íå ìåíåå, äîëÿ áàëîáàíîâ,

Thus there is destructive using of the resource. And no country-exporter has a special state program for managing, protecting and recovering that resource.

History of illegal catching of Russian falcons The European population of sakers in Russia was crushed due to the intensive catching of birds during wintering in Egypt, Libya and Syria at the end of 1970-s. After crushing trappers especially Syrians begun to catch birds on the territory of other countries including Russia. The first stream of bird traffic from Russia was at the end of 1980-s and was not being more than 4 year. That time near a thousand of birds was exported from Russia every year, and the deaths of bird were accident. But mass-media had been involved in the problem of falcon trade in 1990-s. Different reports about absurd prices on falcons were appeared in newspapers and TV, for a sensational report some journalists told about 50–100 thousands USD for a falcon After such information poor local people started to harvest nests of all raptors: from kestrels to Sea Eagles. Damage for falcon populations was maximal that time and smugglers were frequently arrested on Russian customs. The falcons trade «has gone underground» after 2000, when only professional trappers have continued to run the «falcon business» enlisting support of influential persons in Russia: 1. trappers who catch falcons for a sale on falcon markets or resale to smugglers having stable channels for falcon export 2. trappers who catch falcons just on sheik orders 3. trappers who work in captive centers The first persons are the Russians contacting with falcon dealers for exporting from the country or Arabians (mainly Syrians) coming into Russia with special organized invitations, catching and transporting birds to a final buyer themselves. Price for a bird from Russian trappers ranges from 100 to 500 USD, from Arabians – from 500 to 3000 USD that depending on commercial attractiveness of a bird. The second group of trappers is Arabians (mainly Syrians) coming into Russia with special organized invitations. A number of exported birds is usually no more than 20–30. That trappers give a payment which can be more than tens thousands USD if a bird is very attractive

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 8 ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ íà ðîññèéñêîé òåððèòîðèè, â îáùåé äîëå ýêñïîðòà ñîêîëîâ âûñîêà, ò.ê. îñíîâíàÿ ìàññà ðîññèéñêèõ ïòèö ëîâèòñÿ íà ìèãðàöèÿõ. Â ïîñòàâêàõ êðå÷åòà Ðîññèÿ ÿâëÿåòñÿ, ïî ñóòè, ìîíîïîëèñòîì, ïðè ýòîì âñå ïòèöû âûâîçÿòñÿ íåëåãàëüíî. Îñíîâíûìè èìïîðò¸ðàìè ïîéìàííûõ â ïðèðîäå ñîêîëîâ ÿâëÿþòñÿ Ñàóäîâñêàÿ Àðàâèÿ, Êàòàð, Áàõðåéí, Êóâåéò è ÎÀÝ (Ôîêñ è äð., 2003). Ïî íåêîòîðûì îöåíêàì â ñòðàíû Ïåðñèäñêîãî çàëèâà åæåãîäíî ââîçèòñÿ äî 5000 – 5500 ñîêîëîâ. Îêîëî ïîëîâèíû èç íèõ èìåþò ëåãàëüíîå ïðîèñõîæäåíèå (èç íèõ îêîëî 2000 îñîáåé ïîñòóïàþò èç ïèòîìíèêîâ è 500 – 600 îñîáåé îòëàâëèâàþòñÿ â ïðèðîäå ïî ðàçðåøåíèÿì), îñòàëüíûå 2500 – 3000 ïòèö íåçàêîííî îòëàâëèâàþòñÿ íà ìåñòàõ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ è íà ïðîë¸òå è ââîçÿòñÿ êîíòðàáàíäíûì ïóò¸ì (Ôåäîòêèí, Ñîðîêèí, 2006). Òåì íå ìåíåå, ýòè äàííûå çàíèæåíû, ò.ê. òîëüêî àíàëèç ïîñòóïëåíèé ñîêîëîâ â ñîêîëèíûå ãîñïèòàëè ïðåäïîëàãàåò åæåãîäíûé èìïîðò íå ìåíåå 9000 ïòèö (Ôîêñ è äð., 2003). Îôèöèàëüíûå äàííûå ïî äâèæåíèþ ñîêîëîâ â ñòðàíàõ Ïåðñèäñêîãî çàëèâà ïî áîëüøåé ÷àñòè íåäîñòóïíû. Ïîäîáíûå äàííûå áûëè îçâó÷åíû ëèøü äëÿ ÎÀÝ íà Ñîâåùàíèè ðàáî÷åé ãðóïïû ÑÈÒÅÑ ïî ìåðàì ïðèíóæäåíèÿ â îáëàñòè òîðãîâëè ñîêîëàìè (21 – 23 íîÿáðÿ 2005 ã., Àáó-Äàáè, ÎÀÝ). Ëåãàëüíûé èìïîðò ñîêîëîâ â ÎÀÝ èìååò îò÷¸òëèâóþ òåíäåíöèþ ê ðîñòó: â 2003 ã. ââåçåíî 1478 îñîáåé, â 2003 ã. – 2714, â 2004 – 3042. Çàäåðæàíû íåñêîëüêî ïàðòèé ñîêîëîâ: â 2003 ã. – 38 îñîáåé, 2004 ã. – 17 è 2005 ã. – 38. Ïðè÷èíàìè çàäåðæàíèÿ ÿâëÿþòñÿ îòñóòñòâèå äîêóìåíòîâ ÑÈÒÅÑ, èõ íåâåðíîå îôîðìëåíèå èëè ôàëüñèôèêàöèÿ. Íåçàêîííûé ââîç îñóùåñòâëÿëñÿ èç àýðîïîðòîâ ïðèìåðíî 10 ñòðàí, ñðåäè êîòîðûõ ïî êîëè÷åñòâó çàäåðæàííûõ ïòèö âûäåëÿþòñÿ Óçáåêèñòàí, Êàçàõñòàí, Ìîíãîëèÿ, Òàäæèêèñòàí (Ðîññèéñêàÿ Ôåäåðàöèÿ â ýòîì ñïèñêå îòñóòñòâóåò). Ïî âèäîâîìó ñîñòàâó â çàäåðæàííûõ ïàðòèÿõ ïðåîáëàäàåò áàëîáàí (43%) è êðå÷åò (15%), ïðè÷¸ì ïîñëåäíèé íå ãíåçäèòñÿ íè â îäíîé ñòðàíå, îòêóäà ïðîèñõîäèëè ýòè ïàðòèè ïòèö. Îñòàëüíûå 42% çàäåðæàííûõ ïòèö ïðèõîäèòñÿ íà ñîêîëîâ, èìåþùèõ ìàëóþ êîììåð÷åñêóþ ïðèâëåêàòåëüíîñòü – ñàïñàí, øàõèí, ëàííåð, ëàããàð è ìåëêèå ñîêîëà. Íàëèöî ôàêò õèùíè÷åñêîãî èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ ðåñóðñà ñîêîëîâ. Ïðè ýòîì íè â îäíîé ñòðàíå-ýêñïîðò¸ðå ôàêòè÷åñêè íåò ãîñóäàðñòâåííûõ ïðîãðàìì èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ, îõðàíû è âîññòàíîâëåíèÿ ýòîãî ðåñóðñà.

Îõðàíà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ for a sheik. However the market price of such bird is not more than 3000 USD. The third category of trappers – is mainly Russians, catching birds for different illegal or legal nurseries of falcon centers as breeding stock. Many of they are ornithologists and run captive-breeding and sale of falcons. This category of catchers inflicts a minimum damage for wild populations.

Prices The average price of a Gyrfalcon female is 2000–3000 USD for a final buyer, a Saker female costs 1000–2000 USD. Females of Altai sakers of dark or pale morph are sold as females of Gyrs. The average price of birds without special individual signs (color of plumage, size and etc.) is 500 USD. It is myth that price of a bird is 40–100 thousands USD.

Import changing of caught species Gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus) Gyrs are very popular among Arabian falconers, under desert condition birds are died quickly. Import of Gyrs in Gulf States was highest at the end of 1980-s – the begging of 1990-s, after that the portion of Gyrs in the falcon trade rapidly decreased. However as a result of establishing the system of captive-breeding demand for Gyrs as producers of hybrids has increased once again since 2001. Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug) The Saker always was the main and preferable falcon for Arab falconry. Now the portion of sakers (including hybrids) in falcon import into Arab States is about 80 %. The main importer of falcons is Saudi Arabia which imports near 4000 sakers every year. Import of UAE, Bahrain and Kuwait ranges from 500 to 1000 birds every year. Including 5% of death-rate Gulf States import about 6825–8400 sakers every year 93% of which are females mainly young (about 70%) (Fox et al., 2003). Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) Import of Peregrine Falcons is less than 1% of all falcons imported in Gulf State. More than 90% of which are the females of tundra subspecies (F. p. callidus), inhabiting Siberia (Taimyr Peninsula, Kamchatka). Catching of falcons from Taimyr during wintering in Middle Asia was confirmed by the microchip returning (Eastham et al. 2000).

Raptors Conservation

Raptors Conservation 2007, 8

Èñòîðèÿ íåëåãàëüíîãî ëîâà ðîññèéñêèõ ñîêîëîâ

Main regions of illegal catching of falcons in Russia

Èìåííî íà êîíåö 70-õ ãã. ïðèõîäèòñÿ êðàõ ïîïóëÿöèé áàëîáàíà â Åâðîïåéñêîé ÷àñòè Ðîññèè, êîòîðûé ìíîãèå ñïåöèàëèñòû ñâÿçûâàþò ñ èíòåíñèâíûì îòëîâîì ïòèö íà çèìîâêàõ â Åãèïòå, Ñèðèè è Ëèâèè. Çà 15-òè ëåòíèé ïåðèîä Ñèðèÿ èç îñíîâíûõ ïîñòàâùèêîâ áàëîáàíîâ íà àðàáñêèå ðûíêè ïåðåìåñòèëàñü íà îäíî èç ïîñëåäíèõ ìåñò ñðåäè ñòðàí-ýêñïîðò¸ðîâ â ñâÿçè ñ èñ÷åçíîâåíèåì ìåñòíîé çèìóþùåé ïîïóëÿöèè. Èìåííî ñèðèéñêèå ëîâöû, ïîëó÷èâøèå îãðîìíûé îïûò â îòëîâå áàëîáàíà íà ñâîåé òåððèòîðèè, â äàëüíåéøåì ñòàëè îñâàèâàòü òåððèòîðèè äðóãèõ ãîñóäàðñòâ, â òîì ÷èñëå è Ðîññèè. Â êîíöå 80-õ, êîãäà èç Ðîññèè åæåãîäíî âûâîçèëîñü äî òûñÿ÷è ïòèö, íåëåãàëüíûé ñîêîëèíûé áèçíåñ ïîëó÷èë îãëàñêó. Â íà÷àëå äåâÿíîñòûõ ãîäîâ ó÷àñòèâøèåñÿ ñëó÷àè çàäåðæàíèÿ êîíòðàáàíäèñòîâ-ñîêîëüíèêîâ âûçâàëè âîëíó ïóáëèêàöèé â ÑÌÈ, ãäå áåçîòâåòñòâåííûå æóðíàëèñòû, äëÿ ïðèäàíèÿ ìàòåðèàëó íåêîòîðîé ñåíñàöèîííîñòè, îáÿçàòåëüíî óêàçûâàëè öåíó ñîêîëîâ â ïÿòüäåñÿò-ñòî òûñÿ÷ àìåðèêàíñêèõ äîëëàðîâ çà îñîáü. Â óñëîâèÿõ òîòàëüíîé íèùåòû ñåëüñêîãî íàñåëåíèÿ ýòè ïóáëèêàöèè âûçâàëè êîëîññàëüíóþ öåïíóþ ðåàêöèþ, è â 90-õ ãîäàõ ê ïðîìûñëó ñîêîëîâ ïîäêëþ÷èëèñü «øèðîêèå ìàññû» ðîññèéñêîãî íàñåëåíèÿ, èìåþùèå âåñüìà äàë¸êîå ïðåäñòàâëåíèå î ñîêîëàõ. Ðàçîðÿëèñü ãí¸çäà õèùíûõ ïòèö âåëè÷èíîé îò ïóñòåëüãè äî îðëàíà. Îñîáåííî ñòðàäàëè âçðîñëûå ñàìöû ëóíåé, êîòîðûõ ïûòàëèñü ïðîäàòü êàê áåëûõ êðå÷åòîâ. Ïî÷òè â êàæäîé àëòàéñêîé äåðåâíå áûëè îäèí-äâà îõîòíèêà, êîòîðûå ïðåäëàãàëè íàñòîÿùèõ ïòåíöîâ áàëîáàíà. Ïòåíöû ñîäåðæàëèñü â êàêîì-íèáóäü êóðÿòíèêå, ïî áîëüøåé ÷àñòè áûëè áîëüíûìè, â ëó÷øåì ñëó÷àå êîêöèäèîçîì, â õóäøåì – àñïåðãèëë¸çîì. Î öåíàõ âñåãäà õîäèëè ëåãåíäû. Åñòåñòâåííî, «ïîñâÿù¸ííûå» ñìåÿëèñü íàä öåíàìè â äåñÿòêè è ñîòíè òûñÿ÷ äîëëàðîâ. Íî êàæäûé ïðîäàâåö òâ¸ðäî çíàë, ÷òî ãäåòî êîìó-òî çà ïòèöó çàïëàòèëè òûñÿ÷ó äîëëàðîâ. Ñàì-òî îí ïðîäàâàë ïòèö ïî 500 ðóá., îäíàæäû äàæå äàëè 50 äîëëàðîâ. À ýòîò «êòî-òî, ïîëó÷èâøèé òûñÿ÷ó äîëëàðîâ», æèë, ïîõîæå, òîëüêî â ëåãåíäàõ, íèêòî íèêîãäà åãî íå âèäåë, â íåãî ïðîñòî âåðèëè, è îí ñëóæèë ìîùíûì ìîòèâîì ïðîäîëæàòü ìàëîäîõîäíûé íåëåãàëüíûé áèçíåñ. Ïðîäîëæàëèñü ïîïûòêè ñòèõèéíîãî âûâîçà. Íî, ïîñêîëüêó çà äåëî âçÿëèñü äèëåòàíòû, áîëüøèíñòâî ïòèö ïîãèáàëî åù¸ ïî

Now the main regions of gyrfalcon catching are 1. Kamchatka and 2. Chukotka. Birds are caught by individual trappers. Their number in the country is no more than 20 persons at all. The main regions of saker catching are 1. foothills of Altai, southeastern Altai and western Tuva; 2. Tuva depression (Republic of Tuva), north-west of the Minusinsk depression, steppe depressions of the Baikal region (fig. 1).

Áàëîáàí – èçëþáëåííàÿ îõîòíè÷üÿ ïòèöà àðàáñêèõ ñîêîëüíèêîâ. Ôîòî È. Ñìåëÿíñêîãî The Saker – is a favorite bird for falconry. Photo by I. Smelansky

Following expert estimation the number of professional groups of poachers catching Altai sakers was 15–20 groups 5 years ago. But the number is decreased in twice last 2–3 years (Nikolenko, this issue).

Season and techniques of catching The most part of catchers try to bring sakers in Gulf States to the season of hunting with falcons that begins in September. The largest pressure of catching is noted during the active migration of young birds and the beginning of wide migration of adults (the last half of August – beginning of September). Some persons catching adult birds for orders catch during all breeding season but recently it is accident. The classic catching techniques of Arabians is using pigeons with nooses. Peculiarities of this method is that if a saker takes a

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 8

Îõðàíà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

äîðîãå ê ìåñòó íàçíà÷åíèÿ. Óðîí ïîïóëÿöèÿì ñîêîëîâ â ýòî âðåìÿ áûë íàíåñ¸í ìàêñèìàëüíûé. Ê êîíöó 90-õ ãîäîâ «äèêèé» ïåðèîä çàêàí÷èâàåòñÿ. «Ñåðü¸çíûå» ó÷àñòíèêè òåíåâîãî ñîêîëèíîãî áèçíåñà óæå íå ðèñêóþò äîáûâàòü è âûâîçèòü ïòèö ñàìîñòîÿòåëüíî. Îíè èùóò âëèÿòåëüíûõ ïàðòí¸ðîâ â Ðîññèè, è, êîíå÷íî æå, èõ íàõîäÿò. Ñ ýòèõ ïîð ñëó÷àè çàäåðæàíèÿ áðàêîíüåðîâ è êîíòðàáàíäèñòîâ ñòàíîâÿòñÿ ðåäêèìè.

pigeon trappers must catch up quickly with it on a vehicle, that’s why such techniques is used only in flat steppe territories. When Syrian poachers started to penetrate into mountain regions since 1990-s, they began to use a pigeon with clinging to him rope. The most rare method is catching by dhogazza with another raptor. This techniques are used mainly by professional ornithologists for catching adult birds on breeding territories for equipping by PITs.

Ñîâðåìåííàÿ ñèòóàöèÿ ñ íåëåãàëüíûì ëîâîì ñîêîëîâ â Ðîññèè

Techniques of falcon transporting

Íà÷àëî íîâîãî ñòîëåòèÿ â íåëåãàëüíîì ñîêîëèíîì áèçíåñå îçíàìåíîâàëîñü òåì, ÷òî ñëó÷àéíûå ëþäè óøëè, è îñòàëèñü ëèøü ïðîôåññèîíàëû, êîòîðûõ ìîæíî ïîäåëèòü íà òðè êàòåãîðèè: 1) ëîâöû, ñïåöèàëèçèðóþùèåñÿ íà äîáû÷å ñîêîëîâ äëÿ ïðîäàæè íà ñîêîëèíûõ ðûíêàõ ëèáî äëÿ ïåðåïðîäàæè êîíòðàáàíäèñòàì, èìåþùèì óñòîÿâøèåñÿ êàíàëû ïåðåâîçêè; 2) ëîâöû, äîáûâàþùèå ñîêîëîâ íåïîñðåäñòâåííî íà çàêàç îò øåéõîâ; 3) ëîâöû, ðàáîòàþùèå íà ïèòîìíèêè. Ïåðâàÿ êàòåãîðèÿ ëîâöîâ – íàèáîëåå ìàññîâàÿ è íàèáîëåå áåäíàÿ ïðîñëîéêà. Â íå¸ âõîäÿò ãðàæäàíå Ðîññèè, èìåþùèå êîíòàêòû ñ ïåðåêóïùèêàìè ñîêîëîâ äëÿ âûâîçà èç ñòðàíû, è ãðàæäàíå àðàáñêèõ ñòðàí, ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî ñèðèéöû, êîòîðûå ñàìè ëîâÿò è äîâîçÿò ñîêîëîâ äî êîíå÷íîãî ïîêóïàòåëÿ. Âåñüìà âåðîÿòíî, ÷òî äîëÿ ïîñëåäíèõ ñðåäè ýòîé êàòåãîðèè ëîâöîâ íàèáîëåå âûñîêàÿ. Ïåðâûå èìåþò ñ ñîêîëà îò 100 äî 500 äîëëàðîâ ÑØÀ, âòîðûå – îò 500 äî 3000 äîëëàðîâ ÑØÀ, â çàâèñèìîñòè îò êîììåð÷åñêîé ïðèâëåêàòåëüíîñòè ïòèöû. Ó÷èòûâàÿ ðåäêîñòü êðóïíûõ è êðàñèâûõ ïòèö, ìîæíî ïðåäïîëîæèòü, ÷òî çà îäíó õîðîøóþ ïàðòèþ (10 ïòèö) ëîâöû ýòîé êàòåãîðèè èìåþò â ñðåäíåì 3000 è 10000 äîëëàðîâ ÑØÀ, ñîîòâåòñòâåííî. Èìåííî ýòè ëîâöû íàíîñÿò ìàêñèìàëüíûé óùåðá ïîïóëÿöèÿì

Ïàðòèÿ ñîêîëîâ, çàäåðæàííàÿ ïðè ïîïûòêå íåçàêîííîãî âûâîçà. Ôîòî À. Êîâøàðÿ Party of falcons, arrested in an effort the illegal export. Photo by A. Kovshar

Usually birds are transported to staging posts in boxes After forming a group birds are put to sleep, neatly dressed in bandage and packed for transporting through the border. Packed birds are transported by airplane in baggage section or in passenger salon. Frequently birds are brought into a plane avoiding the customs and a system of baggage inspection by bribing the employees of air companies.

Falconry fashion in Russia Today about 10 centers for captive-breeding of rare bird species including zoos where falcons bred successfully. However nothing of centers has a certificate of CITES Secretariat for captive-breeding. Activity of the centers has stimulated the development of falconry in Russia since the end of 1990-s. And popularity of falconry is raising that is indicated by hunter Internet sites and forums and announcement about buying of birds inside the country. However the development of Russian falconry is on the embryonic stage, and the essential progress of it is doubtable next 10–15 years.

Raptors Conservation

Áàëîáàí, ïîãèáøèé âî âðåìÿ ïåðåâîçêè êîíòðàáàíäèñòàìè. Ôîòî À. Êîâøàðÿ A Saker died during transportation by smugglers. Photo by A. Kovshar

Raptors Conservation 2007, 8

ñîêîëîâ, ò.ê. ìíîãèå äëÿ õîðîøåãî ãîäîâîãî çàðàáîòêà ëîâÿò ïîñòîÿííî, ñ ìîìåíòà âûëåòà ïòåíöîâ è äî óñòàíîâëåíèÿ ñíåæíîãî ïîêðîâà. Èìåííî ýòèõ ëîâöîâ ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî çàäåðæèâàþò èíñïåêòîðà òàìîæåí è ïîãðàíè÷íèêè ïðè ïîïûòêàõ íåëåãàëüíîãî âûâîçà ïòèö èç ñòðàíû. Èìåííî ó ýòîé êàòåãîðèè ëîâöîâ íàáëþäàåòñÿ ìàêñèìàëüíûé îòõîä ïòèö, ò.ê. íåáîëüøîé çàðàáîòîê íå äà¸ò âîçìîæíîñòè ïëàòèòü âçÿòêè ïîãðàíè÷íèêàì è òàìîæåííèêàì äëÿ îðãàíèçàöèè «çåë¸íîãî êàíàëà», à ïðè ñêðûòíîé ïåðåâîçêå ÷àñòü ïòèö íå âûäåðæèâàåò ñòðåññà èëè ïîñòîÿííîãî óñûïëåíèÿ è ïîãèáàåò. Ñðåäè ýòîé êàòåãîðèè ëîâöîâ â íîðìå êîðìëåíèå ñàìîê ñîêîëîâ ñàìöàìè, íå èìåþùèìè öåííîñòè ó ïîñðåäíèêîâ è íà ðûíêàõ. Äëÿ ýòîé êàòåãîðèè äëèíà öåïî÷êè ïåðåêóïùèêîâ âðÿä ëè ïðåâûøàåò òðè ýòàïà. Íàèáîëåå ÷àñòî â ïîñëåäíåå âðåìÿ âñòðå÷àåòñÿ òàêàÿ öåïî÷êà âûâîçà: îòëîâ â Ðîññèè è âûâîç â Êàçàõñòàí – òðàíñïîðòèðîâêà èç Êàçàõñòàíà â Êûðãûçñòàí èëè Óçáåêèñòàí – âûâîç íà Áëèæíèé Âîñòîê. Ïðè òàêîì âàðèàíòå ëîâåö â Ðîññèè âðÿä ëè ïîëó÷àåò áîëüøå 100–150 äîëëàðîâ çà ñîêîëà è ñòîëüêî æå èìåþò ëèöà, ïåðåäåðæèâàþùèå è òðàíñïîðòèðóþùèå ïòèö â Êàçàõñòàíå, îäíàêî, ïîñêîëüêó îíè àêêóìóëèðóþò ïòèö ñðàçó æå ïî íåñêîëüêèì êîíòàêòàì, èõ ïðèáûëü âûøå. Âòîðàÿ êàòåãîðèÿ ëîâöîâ – ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî ãðàæäàíå Ñèðèè ëèáî ãðàæäàíå äðóãèõ àðàáñêèõ ñòðàí, ïðèåçæàþùèå â Ðîññèþ ïî ñïåöèàëüíî îðãàíèçîâàííûì ïðèãëàøåíèÿì ñîãðàæäàí – ó÷àùèõñÿ ÂÓÇîâ íàøåé ñòðàíû, ñîòðóäíèêîâ ïîñîëüñòâ, ïðåäñòàâèòåëüñòâ çàðóáåæíûõ ôèðì è ñîâìåñòíûõ ïðåäïðèÿòèé. Ïðåäñòàâèòåëè ýòîé êàòåãîðèè ëîâöîâ ÿâëÿþòñÿ, ïî ñóòè, ëè÷íûìè ëîâöàìè øåéõîâ è ëîâÿò è âûâîçÿò ñîêîëîâ òîëüêî òîãî ïîëà, îêðàñêè è ðàç-

ìåðà, êîòîðûé èì çàêàçàí. Êîëè÷åñòâî âûâîçèìûõ èìè ïòèö ñèëüíî âàðüèðóåò îò 1 äî íåñêîëüêèõ äåñÿòêîâ (ïîñëåäíåå âîçìîæíî ëèøü ïðè íàëè÷èè âíóòðè ñòðàíû ñâîèõ ïóíêòîâ ïåðåäåðæêè, ÷òî ÿâëÿåòñÿ ðåäêîñòüþ) è îáû÷íî íå ïðåâûøàåò 2–3-õ äåñÿòêîâ. Èìåííî íà äîõîäå ýòîé êàòåãîðèè ëîâöîâ îñíîâàíû ìèôû î áàñíîñëîâíûõ öåíàõ íà ñîêîëîâ, êîòîðûå íå èìåþò íè÷åãî îáùåãî ñ ðûíî÷íîé öåíîé. Ëîâöû ýòîé êàòåãîðèè ïîëó÷àþò îò øåéõîâ äåíüãè çà ðàáîòó (ôàêòè÷åñêè çàðàáîòíóþ ïëàòó), ñóììà êîòîðûõ ìîæåò ñóùåñòâåííî ïðåâûøàòü äåñÿòêè òûñÿ÷ äîëëàðîâ ÑØÀ, åñëè ðå÷ü èä¸ò î ïîèìêå ïòèöû, èíòåðåñíîé øåéõó. Ïðè ýòîì íàäî îòäàâàòü îò÷¸ò, ÷òî òàêàÿ ïòèöà íà ðûíêå áóäåò ïðîäàíà ïî ñðåäíåé ðûíî÷íîé öåíå. Òðåòüÿ êàòåãîðèÿ ëîâöîâ – ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî ãðàæäàíå Ðîññèè, ïîñòàâëÿþùèå ñîêîëîâ äëÿ ëåãàëüíûõ è íåëåãàëüíûõ ðîññèéñêèõ ïèòîìíèêîâ, â îñíîâíîì, ñ öåëüþ ðàçáàâëåíèÿ ãåíîôîíäà èìïðèòèðîâàííûõ «íåñóøåê». Êàê ïðàâèëî, ýòè ëîâöû ÿâëÿþòñÿ îðíèòîëîãàìè, ñïåöèàëèçèðóþùèìèñÿ íà âûðàùèâàíèè, ðàçâåäåíèè è ïðîäàæå ñîêîëîâ. Íåñìîòðÿ íà òî, ÷òî íåêîòîðûå èç ýòèõ ïèòîìíèêîâ êîíòðîëèðóþòñÿ êðèìèíàëüíûìè ãðóïïèðîâêàìè, èìåííî ýòà êàòåãîðèÿ ëîâöîâ íàíîñèò ìèíèìàëüíûé óùåðá ïðèðîäíûì ïîïóëÿöèÿì.

Öåíû Äèàïàçîí öåí íà ñîêîëîâ ñèëüíî âàðüèðóåò â çàâèñèìîñòè îò âèäà, ïîëà, âîçðàñòà è îêðàñêè ñîêîëà. Íàèáîëüøåå ïðåäïî÷òåíèå îòäà¸òñÿ êðóïíûì ñàìêàì áàëîáàíà è êðå÷åòà â âîçðàñòå äî 2-õ ëåò êîíòðàñòíîé îêðàñêè (ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî êðàéíèå âàðèàíòû ñâåòëîé è ò¸ìíîé ìîðô). Êðóïíàÿ ñàìêà áåëîãî êðå÷åòà â èäåàëüíîì îïåðåíèè ìîæåò ñòîèòü äî 10– 20 òûñ. äîëëàðîâ ÑØÀ, îäíàêî òàêèõ ïòèö îäíà íà ñîòíþ. Ñðåäíÿÿ öåíà ó êîíå÷íûõ ïîêóïàòåëåé íà ñàìêó êðå÷åòà ñîñòàâëÿåò 2–3 òûñ. äîëëàðîâ ÑØÀ, ñàìêó áàëîáàíà 1–2 òûñ. äîëëàðîâ ÑØÀ. Ñàìêè àëòàéñêèõ áàëîáàíîâ ñâåòëîé è ò¸ìíîé ìîðôû ïðîäàþòñÿ ïî öåíå ñàìîê êðå÷åòà. Ñðåäíÿÿ öåíà íà ïòèö, íå âûäåëÿþùèõñÿ èíäèâèäóàëüíûìè îñîáåííîñòÿìè ðàçìåðà è îêðàñêè èç îáùåé ìàññû, ñîñòàâëÿåò 500– 800 äîëëàðîâ ÑØÀ. Áàñíîñëîâíûå öåíû çà îäíîãî ñîêîëà 40– 100 òûñ. äîëëàðîâ ÑØÀ, ïðîñêàëüçûâàþùèå â ïðåññå è ðàçæèãàþùèå àæèîòàæ ñðåäè ìåñòíîãî íàñåëåíèÿ, íå ÷òî èíîå, êàê ìèô.

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 8

Èçìåíåíèÿ â ñîñòàâå îòëàâëèâàåìûõ ïòèö

Êðå÷åò (Falco rusticolus), âûðàùåííûé â ïèòîìíèêå. Ôîòî È. Ñìåëÿíñêîãî A Gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus) bred in captivity. Photo by I. Smelansky

Â 80-õ ãã. îñíîâíîé óïîð äåëàëñÿ íà îòëîâ áàëîáàíà, ïðè÷¸ì ëîâèëèñü êàê âçðîñëûå ïòèöû, òàê âûáèðàëèñü è ïòåíöû èç ãí¸çä (Ëåâèí, 2001). Ïðîáëåìà îòëîâà êðå÷åòîâ áûëà âïåðâûå èäåíòèôèöèðîâàíà íà Êàì÷àòêå â ñåðåäèíå 80-õ (Ëîáêîâ, 2000). Êðå÷åò â òîò ïåðèîä áûë íàèáîëåå ïðèâëåêàòåëüíîé ïòèöåé, íî îñâîèòü ïðîñòîðû Àðêòèêè ñèðèéñêèå ëîâöû áûëè íå â ñîñòîÿíèè, ïîýòîìó îíè ëîâèëè ïòèö â îñíîâíîì íà ìèãðàöèÿõ. Èçúÿòèå æå ïòåíöîâ è èõ ïåðåäåðæêó îñóùåñòâëÿëî â îñíîâíîì ïðèâëå÷¸ííîå ìåñòíîå íàñåëåíèå, ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî ãðàæäàíå Ðîññèè, æèâóùèå íà òåððèòîðèÿõ àðåàëà êðå÷åòà. Ñàïñàí ëîâèëñÿ ïàðàëëåëüíî îòëîâó êîììåð÷åñêè ïðèâëåêàòåëüíûõ êðå÷åòà è áàëîáàíà ïî âñåé òåððèòîðèè îñåííåé ìèãðàöèè, îäíàêî ôèêñèðîâàëèñü òàêæå ñëó÷àè èçúÿòèÿ ïòåíöîâ èç ãí¸çä, â ÷àñòíîñòè, íà Óðàëå, ãäå ñîõðàíÿëàñü êðóïíàÿ ãíåçäîâàÿ ãðóïïèðîâêà ýòîãî ñîêîëà (Êàðÿêèí, 1998). Ê êîíöó 90-õ ãã. èçúÿòèå ïòåíöîâ èç ãí¸çä äëÿ ýêñïîðòà ïðåêðàòèëîñü â ñâÿçè ñ èõ íèçêîé êîììåð÷åñêîé ñòîèìîñòüþ, îäíàêî ïòåíöîâ ïî-ïðåæíåìó èçûìàþò äëÿ ïîïîëíåíèÿ ëåãàëüíûõ è íåëåãàëüíûõ ïèòîìíèêîâ, ñôîðìèðîâàâøèõñÿ â êîíöå 80-õ – íà÷àëå 90-õ ãã. è îðèåíòèðîâàííûõ íà ïðîäàæó âçðîñëûõ ïòèö íà òå æå àðàáñêèå ðûíêè. Êðå÷åò (Falco rusticolus) Êàê êðóïíûé è êðàñèâûé ñîêîë êðå÷åò öåíèòñÿ àðàáñêèìè ñîêîëüíèêàìè, íî â óñëîâèÿõ ïóñòûíè îí áûñòðî ïîãèáàåò. Ýêñïîðò êðå÷åòà â àðàáñêèå ñòðàíû ïåðåæèë âñïëåñê èíòåðåñà â êîíöå 80-õ – íà÷àëå 90-õ, ïîñëå ÷åãî åãî äîëÿ â îáùåé äîëå ýêñïîðòà ñîêîëîâ ðåçêî ñîêðàòèëàñü. Òåì íå ìåíåå, ïîñëå 2001 ã. ñ íà÷àëîì ôîðìèðîâàíèÿ ñðåäè øåéõîâ ÎÀÝ èíòåðåñà ê ãèáðèäàì è ñòàíîâëåíèåì ñèñòåìû ïèòîìíèêîâ ïî ðàçâåäåíèþ ñîêîëîâ, ñïðîñ íà êðå÷åòà, êàê íà ïðîèçâîäèòåëÿ ãèáðèäîâ, ñíîâà âîçðîñ.

Îõðàíà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ Áàëîáàí (Falco cherrug) Áàëîáàí âñåãäà áûë îñíîâíûì è ïðåäïî÷èòàåìûì ëîâ÷èì ñîêîëîì àðàáñêèõ ñîêîëüíèêîâ. Â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ îí ñîñòàâëÿåò îñíîâíóþ äîëþ ýêñïîðòà – 80% ñðåäè ïîñòóïàþùèõ â àðàáñêèå ñòðàíû ñîêîëîâ, âêëþ÷àÿ ãèáðèäîâ. Íàèáîëåå äîñòîâåðíûå äàííûå î ÷èñëåííîñòè ñîêîëîâ, ïîïàâøèõ â àðàáñêèå ñòðàíû, ïîñòóïàþò èç ñîêîëèíûõ ãîñïèòàëåé: Fahad bin Sultan Falcon Center (Ýð-Ðèÿä, Ñàóäîâñêàÿ Àðàâèÿ), Qatar Falcon Center (Êàòàð), Dubai Falcon Hospital (Äóáàè, ÎÀÝ), Abu Dhabi Falcon Hospital (Àáó-Äàáè, ÎÀÝ), Al Areen Falcon Hospital (Áàõðåéí), à òàêæå èç òàìîæåí. Â ñîêîëèíîì ãîñïèòàëå â Ýð-Ðèÿäå, åäèíñòâåííîì íà âñþ Ñàóäîâñêóþ Àðàâèþ, îòêðûòîì â 2000 ã., êîëè÷åñòâî íàáëþäàåìûõ ñîêîëîâ çà ãîä âûðîñëî ñ 484 äî 1727 è ïðîäîëæàåò ðàñòè. Àíàëèç ïîñòóïëåíèé áàëîáàíîâ â àðàáñêèå ñòðàíû ïîêàçûâàåò, ÷òî îñíîâíûì ïîòðåáèòåëåì ñîêîëîâ ÿâëÿåòñÿ Ñàóäîâñêàÿ Àðàâèÿ, åæåãîäíî èìïîðòèðóþùàÿ îêîëî 4000 áàëîáàíîâ â ãîä. Îò 500 äî 1000 ïòèö åæåãîäíî ïîñòóïàåò â ÎÀÝ, Êóâåéò, Áàõðåéí. Ñ ó÷¸òîì 5-ïðîöåíòíîé ñìåðòíîñòè åæåãîäíî íà Áëèæíèé Âîñòîê ââîçèòñÿ îêîëî 6825–8400 áàëîáàíîâ, îêîëî 93% èç êîòîðûõ ñàìêè, ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî ìîëîäûå (îêîëî 70%) (Ôîêñ è äð., 2003). Â îáú¸ì ïîñòàâëÿåìûõ ïòèö âõîäÿò è ïòèöû, âûðàùåííûå â ïèòîìíèêàõ, îäíàêî èõ êîëè÷åñòâî ïîêà íå ïðåâûøàåò 25%. Åñëè â ÎÀÝ â ïîñëåäíèå ãîäû ñôîðìèðîâàëñÿ ñïðîñ íà âûðàùåííûõ â ïèòîìíèêàõ ñîêîëîâ, ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî ãèáðèäîâ ìåæäó êðå÷åòîì è áàëîáàíîì è êðå÷åòîì è ñàïñàíîì, òî â Ñàóäîâñêîé Àðàâèè áîëüøèíñòâî ñîêîëüíèêîâ ïðåäïî÷èòàþò äèêèõ ïòèö. Îñîáåííîñòüþ ñàóäîâñêîãî ñîêîëèíîãî ðûíêà ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïîñòîÿííûé åæåãîäíûé ñïðîñ íà ñîêîëîâ íà óðîâíå 4000 îñîáåé, ïðè àáñîëþòíîì äîìèíèðîâàíèè ñàìîê (97,5%), ò.ê. îñíîâíàÿ ìàññà ñîêîëüíèêîâ ïîñëå ñåçîíà îõîòû âûïóñêàåò ïòèö, áîëüøàÿ ÷àñòü èç êîòîðûõ ãèáíåò, ÷òî äîêàçàíî â õîäå ìå÷åíèÿ ïòèö ñïóòíèêîâûìè ïåðåäàò÷èêàìè (Ôîêñ è äð., 2003). Ñàïñàí (Falco peregrinus) Ñàïñàí ñîñòàâëÿåò ìåíåå 1% èìïîðòèðóåìûõ â àðàáñêèå ñòðàíû ïòèö, ïðè÷¸ì áîëüøèíñòâî ïîñòóïàþùèõ íà ðûíîê ñîêîëîâ – ýòî ñàìêè òóíäðîâîãî ïîäâèäà (F. p. callidus), ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî èç Ñèáèðè (Òàéìûð, Êàì÷àòêà).

Raptors Conservation

Raptors Conservation 2007, 8 Îòëîâ òàéìûðñêèõ ñîêîëîâ íà ìåñòàõ çèìîâêè â Ñðåäíåé Àçèè ïîäòâåðæä¸í ïî âîçâðàòó ìèêðî÷èïîâ (Eastham, et al., 2000).

Ðàñïðåäåëåíèå ïðåññà íåëåãàëüíîãî ëîâà íà ñîêîëîâ â Ðîññèè

Ðèñ. 1. Ðåãèîíû, â êîòîðûõ ðàñïðîñòðàí¸í íåëåãàëüíûé îòëîâ ñîêîëîâ: êðå÷åòà (Falco rusticolus) – 1 è áàëîáàíà (Falco cherrug) – 2–3 Fig. 1. Regions where illegal catching of falcons is recorded: gyrfalcons (Falco rusticolus) – 1 and sakers (Falco cherrug) – 2–3

Çà íåäîñòàòêîì èíôîðìàöèè î÷åíü òðóäíî ñóäèòü îá àêòèâíîñòè è ðàñïðåäåëåíèè ëîâöîâ ïî òåððèòîðèè Ðîññèè â 80–90-õ ãã. Â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ ñèòóàöèÿ âûãëÿäèò ñëåäóþùèì îáðàçîì. Îñíîâíûìè ðàéîíàìè îòëîâà êðå÷åòà ÿâëÿþòñÿ â ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü Êàì÷àòêà, âî âòîðóþ – ×óêîòêà. Ëîâèòñÿ êðå÷åò â îñíîâíîì èíäèâèäóàëüíûìè ëîâöàìè, êîòîðûõ íå áîëåå 20-òè â ñòðàíå. Îñíîâíûìè ðàéîíàìè îòëîâà áàëîáàíà ÿâëÿþòñÿ â ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü ïðåäãîðüÿ Àëòàÿ, þãî-âîñòî÷íûé Àëòàé è çàïàäíàÿ Òûâà (ðèñ. 1), êóäà ëîâöû ïðîíèêàþò ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî èç Àëòàÿ è Õàêàñèè, âî âòîðóþ î÷åðåäü Òóâèíñêàÿ êîòëîâèíà (Ðåñïóáëèêà Òûâà), ñåâåðî-çàïàä Ìèíóñèíñêîé êîòëîâèíû (âñÿ ñòåïíàÿ òåððèòîðèÿ Õàêàñèè è òåððèòîðèÿ Êðàñíîÿðñêîãî êðàÿ), ñòåïíûå êîòëîâèíû Áàéêàëüñêîãî ðåãèîíà, ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî Áîðãîéñêàÿ, Òóãíóéñêàÿ, Èâîëãèíñêàÿ è Áàðãóçèíñêàÿ êîòëîâèíû (Áóðÿòèÿ), Ïðèîëüõîíüå (Èðêóòñêàÿ îáëàñòü) è Áàëàãàíî-Íóêóòñêàÿ ëåñîñòåïü (Óñòü-Îðäûíñêèé Áóðÿòñêèé àâòîíîìíûé îêðóã). Êîëè÷åñòâî ïðîôåññèîíàëüíûõ ãðóïï èëè èíäèâèäóàëüíûõ ëîâöîâ â ìåñòàõ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ àëòàéñêîãî áàëîáàíà ïî ýêñïåðòíûì îöåíêàì ïÿòü ëåò íàçàä ñîñòàâëÿëî 15– 20 ãðóïï, â äðóãèõ ðåãèîíàõ, òàêèõ êàê Õàêàñèÿ, Èðêóòñêàÿ îáëàñòü, Áóðÿòèÿ – íå áîëåå 3–4-õ ãðóïï íà ðåãèîí. Â ïîñëåäíèå 2–3 ãîäà, ïî äàííûì àíêåòèðîâàíèÿ ñïåöèàëèñòîâ (Íèêîëåíêî, íàñò. ñá.), êîëè÷åñòâî ãðóïï ñîêðàòèëîñü âäâîå ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñ ïðåäûäóùèì ïÿòèëåòíèì ïåðèîäîì.

Ñàïñàí â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ ëîâèòñÿ òîëüêî ïàðàëëåëüíî ñ ëîâîì áàëîáàíà è, â ìåíüøåé ñòåïåíè, êðå÷åòà â ìåñòàõ èõ îòëîâà. Ôàêòè÷åñêè âåñü íåëåãàëüíûé ñîêîëèíûé áèçíåñ â ñòðàíå ïîääåðæèâàþò 50–60 ïðîôåññèîíàëüíûõ ëîâöîâ, áîëüøàÿ ÷àñòü èç êîòîðûõ – ãðàæäàíå Ñèðèè.

Ñðîêè è ìåòîäû îòëîâà Â ñâÿçè ñ òåì, ÷òî îñíîâíàÿ ÷àñòü íåëåãàëüíîãî ñîêîëèíîãî áèçíåñà îðèåíòèðîâàíà íà àðàáñêóþ ñîêîëèíóþ îõîòó ñ áàëîáàíîì íà äæåêà, òî áîëüøàÿ ÷àñòü ëîâöîâ ñòàðàåòñÿ ïîñòàâèòü áàëîáàíîâ íåïîñðåäñòâåííî ê ñåçîíó îõîòû, ò.å. â ñåíòÿáðå. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, îñíîâíîé ïðåññ ïðèõîäèòñÿ íà ìàññîâóþ ìèãðàöèþ ìîëîäûõ áàëîáàíîâ è íà÷àëî øèðîêèõ êî÷¸âîê âçðîñëûõ ïòèö (âòîðàÿ ïîëîâèíà àâãóñòà – íà÷àëî ñåíòÿáðÿ). Ôàêòè÷åñêè æå ëîâÿò ñ 1-õ ÷èñåë èþëÿ, ò.å. ñïóñòÿ 1,5 íåäåëè ïîñëå âûëåòà îñíîâíîé ìàññû ïòåíöîâ, è äî âûïàäåíèÿ ñíåãà. Â îêòÿáðå-íîÿáðå èíòåíñèâíîñòü ëîâà ñîêîëîâ ñàìàÿ íèçêàÿ, ò.ê. â ýòîò ïåðèîä ôàêòè÷åñêè âñå ñîêîëèíûå ðûíêè ïåðåñòàþò ôóíêöèîíèðîâàòü, â ýòîò ïåðèîä ëîâÿò ëèøü ïòèö ñ öåëüþ èõ ïåðåäåðæêè èëè ðàçâåäåíèÿ. Îòäåëüíûå èíäèâèäû, ëîâÿùèå âçðîñëûõ ïòèö íà çàêàç, ëîâÿò â òå÷åíèå ãíåçäîâîãî ñåçîíà, îäíàêî â ïîñëåäíåå âðåìÿ ýòî ÿâëÿåòñÿ èñêëþ÷åíèåì. Êëàññè÷åñêèé àðàáñêèé ìåòîä îòëîâà ñîêîëîâ – íà ãîëóáÿ ñ ïåòëÿìè. Ñèðèéñêèå ëîâöû, à òàêæå ãðàæäàíå Ðîññèè, êîòîðûå ó÷èëèñü îòëîâó ó ñèðèéöåâ, ëîâÿò ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî íà ñâîáîäíîãî ãîëóáÿ, âûáðàñûâàÿ åãî èç ìàøèíû ïîä ïðèñàäó îõîòÿùåãîñÿ ñîêîëà. Îñîáåííîñòü ýòîé ìåòîäèêè òàêîâà, ÷òî êîãäà ñîêîë âçÿë ãîëóáÿ, åãî íàäî áûñòðî äîãíàòü íà àâòîìîáèëå, ïîýòîìó òàêîé ëîâ ïðèìåíÿþò íà ðîâíûõ ñòåïíûõ ïðîñòðàíñòâàõ, ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî â îïóñòûíåííûõ ñòåïÿõ ñ íèçêîé òðàâîé âäîëü ËÝÏ èëè áëèç îñòàíöåâûõ ãîð. Ïðè òàêîì ìåòîäå ëîâà äî 20% ñîêîëîâ ãèáíåò, åñëè îíè óõîäÿò îò ëîâöîâ, çàïóòàâøèñü â ïåòëÿõ, ëèáî áåðóò óëåòåâøåãî îò ëîâöîâ ìàííîãî ãîëóáÿ. Äëÿ îòëîâà, êàê ïðàâèëî, èñïîëüçóþò àâòîìîáèëè «Íèâà», òàê êàê îíè èìåþò âûñîêóþ ïðîõîäèìîñòü, õîðîøóþ ñêîðîñòü è îòêðûâàþùèåñÿ îêíà. Àâòîìîáèëè ÓÀÇ äî ïîñëåäíåãî âðåìåíè íå ïðèìåíÿëèñü ëîâöàìè. Ñ 90-õ ãîäîâ, êîãäà íà÷àëñÿ ïåðèîä îñâîåíèÿ ñèðèéñêèìè ëîâöàìè ãîðíûõ ðàéîíîâ Àëòàÿ, îíè ñòàëè èñïîëüçîâàòü ãîëóáÿ ñ ïðèâÿçàííîé ê íåìó âåðåâêîé, ÷òî

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 8 ðåçêî ñíèçèëî ïîòåðþ ãîëóáåé è óõîäà ïîéìàííûõ ñîêîëîâ. Äâà âûøåóêàçàííûõ ìåòîäà ëîâà òðåáóþò ïðåäâàðèòåëüíîãî îòëîâà ãîëóáåé, îáû÷íî ëîâöû äîáûâàþò èõ â áëèæàéøèõ ê ìåñòó ëîâà íàñåë¸ííûõ ïóíêòàõ. Â ìåñòàõ òðàäèöèîííîãî ëîâà ñîêîëîâ (Àëòàé, Õàêàñèÿ, Ïðèáàéêàëüå) ãîëóáè ïðèîáðåòàþòñÿ ëîâöàìè ó ìåñòíîãî íàñåëåíèÿ è ïåðåâîçÿòñÿ äî ìåñòà ëîâà â êàðòîííûõ êîðîáêàõ. Ðåæå ãîëóáè âåçóòñÿ èçäàëåêà. Íàïðèìåð, Òóâà, íåñìîòðÿ íà ñâîþ ïðèâëåêàòåëüíîñòü â ñâÿçè ñ âûñîêîé ÷èñëåííîñòüþ áàëîáàíà, ïîëüçóåòñÿ ìåíüøåé ïîïóëÿðíîñòüþ ñðåäè ëîâöîâ, ò.ê. íà áîëüøåé ÷àñòè å¸ òåððèòîðèè íåò ñèíàíòðîïíûõ ïîïóëÿöèé ãîëóáåé, è èõ çàâîç âîçìîæåí ëèøü ïî 2-ì òðàññàì, êîòîðûå êîíòðîëèðóþòñÿ ìèëèöèåé. Ìåíåå ðàñïðîñòðàíåííûé ñïîñîá îòëîâà ñîêîëîâ, â ïîñëåäíåå âðåìÿ ÷àñòî ïðàêòèêóåìûé ãðàæäàíàìè Ðîññèè, ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî âûõîäöàìè ñ Êàâêàçà, – ëîâ ñòàâíîé ñåòüþ èëè ñèëêîì íà äîáû÷ó (ñóñëèêà, ïèùóõó, ïåðåïåëà). Ýòîò ñïîñîá íàèáîëåå ÷àñòî èñïîëüçóåòñÿ â ãîðíûõ ðàéîíàõ ñ âûñîêèì òðàâîñòîåì è ãóñòîé êóñòàðíèêîâîé ðàñòèòåëüíîñòüþ, ãäå ïåðâûå äâà ìåòîäà íå äàþò õîðîøèõ ðåçóëüòàòîâ. Ýòîò ìåòîä ïîäðàçóìåâàåò õîðîøåå çíàíèå áèîëîãèè ñîêîëîâ, èäåíòèôèêàöèþ èõ îõîòíè÷üèõ ïðèñàä íà ìåñòíîñòè è èñïîëüçóåòñÿ â îñíîâíîì âûñîêî êâàëèôèöèðîâàííûìè ëîâöàìè. Íàèáîëåå ðåäêèé ñïîñîá îòëîâà, êîòîðûì ïîëüçóþòñÿ ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî ëîâöû âçðîñëûõ ïòèö â ãíåçäîâîé ïåðèîä íà ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàõ – îòëîâ îïàäíîé ñåòüþ íà äðóãîãî õèùíèêà, ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî ôèëèíà, ñòåïíîãî îðëà, êóðãàííèêà. Ýòîò ìåòîä íàèáîëåå õîðîøî èçâåñòåí â ñðåäå ïðîôåññèîíàëüíûõ îðíèòîëîãîâ, ò.ê. ÷àñòî èñïîëüçóåòñÿ äëÿ îòëîâà âçðîñëûõ ïòèö â öåëÿõ èõ ìå÷åíèÿ ïåðåäàò÷èêàìè.

ßùèê ñ ñîêîëàìè, èçúÿòûé ó êîíòðàáàíäèñòîâ. Ôîòî À. Êîâøàðÿ A box with confiscated falcons Photo by A. Kovshar

Îõðàíà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

Ìåòîäû òðàíñïîðòèðîâêè ñîêîëîâ Âî âðåìÿ ëîâà ïòèöû îáû÷íî ïåðåâîçÿòñÿ â êîðîáêàõ äî ïóíêòà ïåðåäåðæêè. Êëåòêè ñ ñåòêîé èñïîëüçóþòñÿ ðåäêî, â îñíîâíîì, ÷òîáû íå ïðèâëåêàòü âíèìàíèå âî âðåìÿ äîñìîòðà ìàøèí ìèëèöèåé. Ïîñëå òîãî êàê ïàðòèÿ ôîðìèðóåòñÿ, ïòèöû óñûïëÿþòñÿ, àêêóðàòíî ïåëåíàþòñÿ è óïàêîâûâàþòñÿ äëÿ òðàíñïîðòèðîâêè ÷åðåç ãðàíèöó. Íåáîëüøèå ïàðòèè âûâîçÿòñÿ â ñóìêàõ â ðó÷íîé êëàäè. Êðóïíûå óïàêîâûâàþòñÿ â ñïåöèàëüíî èçãîòîâëåííûå ÿùèêè è îòïðàâëÿþòñÿ êîíòåéíåðàìè. Òðàíñïîðòèðîâêà ïòèö îáû÷íî îñóùåñòâëÿåòñÿ â ôàíåðíûõ êîðîáêàõ ñ îòâåðñòèÿìè â áîêîâûõ ñòåíêàõ, îáøèòûõ âîçäóõîïðîíèöàåìîé òêàíüþ, à òàêæå â êàðòîííûõ êîðîáêàõ èç-ïîä ôðóêòîâ, â ñïîðòèâíûõ ñóìêàõ, â òóáóñàõ. Íà ãîëîâû ïòèö îäåâàþò êëîáó÷êè. Ïòèöû îáåçäâèæèâàþòñÿ ïóò¸ì ïåëåíàíèÿ â ïëîòíûé ìàòåðèàë, â îòäåëüíûõ ñëó÷àÿõ ñïåëåíîâàííûå ïòèöû óêëàäûâàþòñÿ íà ôàíåðíóþ ïëàñòèíó, ê êîòîðîé ïðèêðó÷èâàþòñÿ ñêîò÷åì. Ïòèöû òàêæå ìîãóò áûòü ïîìåùåíû â íåïðîçðà÷íûå ïîëèýòèëåíîâûå ïàêåòû. Òðàíñïîðòèðîâêà óïàêîâàííûõ ïòèö îñóùåñòâëÿåòñÿ â áàãàæíîì îòäåëåíèè ñàìîë¸òà ëèáî â ñàëîíå ñàìîë¸òà. Íåðåäêî äîñòàâêà ïòèö â ñàëîí ñàìîë¸òà îñóùåñòâëÿåòñÿ, ìèíóÿ ñèñòåìó äîñìîòðà áàãàæà, ïóò¸ì ïîäêóïà ñîòðóäíèêîâ àâèàêîìïàíèé. Ê äîñòàâêå ïòèö íà ñàìîë¸ò ìîãóò áûòü ïîäêëþ÷åíû ñîòðóäíèêè ñëóæá àâèàöèîííîé áåçîïàñíîñòè, òàìîæåííûõ è ïîãðàíè÷íûõ ñëóæá. Ïðèâëå÷åíèå çà ïëàòó ñëó÷àéíûõ ïàññàæèðîâ íà âíóòðåííèõ àâèàðåéñàõ ïîçâîëÿåò êîíòðàáàíäèñòó â ñëó÷àå ïðîâàëà ïåðåâîçêè îáåñïå÷èòü ëè÷íóþ áåçîïàñíîñòü è óéòè îò îòâåòñòâåííîñòè. Âáëèçè àýðîïîðòîâ, êàê ïðàâèëî, èìåþòñÿ «ïóíêòû» ïåðåäåðæêè ïòèö. Ê îòëîâó, ñêóïêå è ïåðåäåðæêå íåðåäêî ïðèâëåêàþòñÿ ñïåöèàëèñòû èç ÷èñëà îðíèòîëîãîâ, ñîêîëüíèêîâ, ñîòðóäíèêîâ çîîöåíòðîâ è äðóãèå ïðîôåññèîíàëû.

Èñòîðèÿ ñòàíîâëåíèÿ ðûíêà ïòèö, âûâåäåííûõ â íåâîëå Ñ äàâíèõ ïîð àðàáû èñïîëüçîâàëè äëÿ îõîòû ïòèö, âûëîâëåííûõ â äèêîé ïðèðîäå, è èìåëè ïðåäâçÿòîå ìíåíèå îòíîñèòåëüíî âûâåäåííûõ â íåâîëå. Ïîýòîìó äåñÿòü-ïÿòíàäöàòü ëåò íàçàä ïòèöû èç ïðèðîäû (â ò.÷. íåëåãàëüíûå) ñîñòàâëÿëè çíà÷èòåëüíóþ êîíêóðåíöèþ ïòèöàì èç ïèòîìíèêîâ.

Raptors Conservation

Raptors Conservation 2007, 8 Ïîñëå 2000 ã., êîãäà ÎÀÝ, îñíîâíûå «âîðîòà» äëÿ ââîçà ñîêîëîâ, ïîäïèñàëè êîíâåíöèþ ÑÈÒÅÑ, ïðèòîê íà àðàáñêèé ðûíîê êàê íåëåãàëüíûõ, òàê è ëåãàëüíûõ îòëîâëåííûõ â ïðèðîäå ïòèö çíà÷èòåëüíî ñîêðàòèëñÿ. Êðîìå òîãî, ïîñòåïåííî ìåíÿåòñÿ è ìåíòàëüíîñòü àðàáñêèõ îõîòíèêîâ, èñïûòàâøèõ íà äåëå âûâåäåííûõ â ïèòîìíèêàõ ïòèö. Ïîýòîìó â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ èìååò ñìûñë ãîâîðèòü î ñåðü¸çíîé êîíêóðåíöèè ìåæäó ïèòîìíèêàìè è êîíòðàáàíäèñòàìè, è âñ¸ áîëüøåå âûòåñíåíèå ñ ðûíêà íåêîòîðûõ ñòðàí íåëåãàëüíûõ ïòèö. Îäíàêî ïî÷òè êàæäûé àðàáñêèé ñîêîëüíèê â ãëóáèíå äóøè ìå÷òàåò î «äèêîì» ñîêîëå è ãîòîâ ïëàòèòü çà íåãî äîðîæå, ÷åì çà ñîêîëà èç ïèòîìíèêà. È ýòî åù¸ äîëãî áóäåò ïîáóæäàòü êîíòðàáàíäèñòîâ íà «ïîäâèãè». Îñâîáîæä¸ííîå «äèêèìè» ïòèöàìè ìåñòî íà ðûíêå ñòàëî ïðåäìåòîì îæåñòî÷¸ííîé áîðüáû ìåæäó ïèòîìíèêàìè. Ïðè ýòîì ïðèìåíÿþòñÿ è äàëåêèå îò öèâèëèçîâàííûõ ìåòîäû áîðüáû ñ ïðèâëå÷åíèåì ìåæäóíàðîäíûõ ïðèðîäîîõðàííûõ îðãàíèçàöèé, â êîòîðûå «âõîæè» íåêîòîðûå êðóïíûå ïðîèçâîäèòåëè ñîêîëîâ.

Ìîäà íà ñîêîëèíóþ îõîòó â Ðîññèè Ïèòîìíèêè è öåíòðû ðàçâåäåíèÿ ðåäêèõ ïòèö â Ðîññèè â ñâîèõ öåëÿõ íàçûâàþò â ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü ñîõðàíåíèå è ïîïîëíåíèå ãåíîôîíäà ðåäêèõ âèäîâ äëÿ ðåèíòðîäóêöèè â ïðèðîäó, ïðîïàãàíäó ñîêîëèíîé îõîòû ñðåäè ðîññèÿí, à òàêæå íåîáõîäèìîñòü ïðèþòîâ äëÿ ðàíåíûõ è îñëàáåâøèõ ïòèö, â òîì ÷èñëå, êîíôèñêîâàííûõ ïðàâîîõðàíèòåëüíûìè îðãàíàìè. Íà ñåãîäíÿøíèé äåíü â Ðîññèè ñóùåñòâóåò íå ìåíåå 10 òàêèõ öåíòðîâ, âêëþ÷àÿ çîîïàðêè, óñïåøíî ïîëó÷àþùèõ ñîêîëèíîå ïîòîìñòâî. Íàäî îòìåòèòü, ÷òî íè îäèí èç Ñàïñàí (Falco peregrinus), âûðàùåííûé â ïèòîìíèêå «Àëòàé Ôàëüêîí». Ôîòî È. Ñìåëÿíñêîãî A Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) bred in the «Altai Falcon Center». Photo by I. Smelansky

íèõ íå ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñåðòèôèöèðîâàííûì ïèòîìíèêîì â Ñåêðåòàðèàòå ÑÈÒÅÑ. Ê êîíöó 90-õ ãîäîâ çàÿâëåííàÿ äåÿòåëüíîñòü ýòèõ öåíòðîâ ïðèâîäèò ê àêòèâíîìó ðàçâèòèþ îõîòû ñ ëîâ÷èìè ïòèöàìè â Ðîññèè. Âîçðàñòàåò ÷èñëî ôèðì, êîòîðûå, íàðÿäó ñ îáùåïðèíÿòûìè ôîðìàìè îõîòû, ïðåäëàãàþò òàêæå îõîòó ñ ëîâ÷èìè ïòèöàìè: ÿñòðåáàìè, îðëàìè è ñîêîëàìè. Ïîïóëÿðíîñòü îõîòû ñ ëîâ÷èìè ïòèöàìè â Ðîññèè âîçðàñòàåò ñ êàæäûì ãîäîì, î ÷¸ì ìîæíî ñóäèòü ïî îõîòíè÷üèì ôîðóìàì è îáúÿâëåíèÿì î ïîêóïêå ïòèö âíóòðè Ðîññèè. Ñêëàäûâàåòñÿ âïå÷àòëåíèå, ÷òî ñóùåñòâóþùèå ïèòîìíèêè, ñòîëêíóâøèñü ñ ïðîáëåìîé ýêñïîðòà ñâîèõ ïòèö â àðàáñêèå ñòðàíû, ñòàëè àêòèâíî ñîçäàâàòü ñîêîëèíûé ðûíîê âíóòðè Ðîññèè. Îäíàêî åãî ðàçâèòèå íàõîäèòñÿ â ñîñòîÿíèè «çàðîäûøà», è âðÿä ëè ñòîèò îæèäàòü ñóùåñòâåííîãî èçìåíåíèÿ ñèòóàöèè â áëèæàéøèå 10–15 ëåò. Ëèòåðàòóðà Êàðÿêèí È.Â. Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè Óðàëüñêîãî ðåãèîíà. Ñîêîëîîáðàçíûå (Falconiformes), Ñîâîîáðàçíûå (Strigiformes). Ïåðìü: Èçä. ÖÏÈ ÑÎÆ Óðàëà/CîÝÑ, 1998. 483 ñ. Ëåâèí À.Ñ. Òðàãåäèÿ áàëîáàíà â Êàçàõñòàíå. – Àêòóàëüíûå ïðîáëåìû èçó÷åíèÿ è îõðàíû ïòèö Âîñòî÷íîé Åâðîïû è Ñåâåðíîé Àçèè. Ìàòåðèàëû Ìåæäóíàðîäíîé êîíôåðåíöèè (XI Îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêàÿ êîíôåðåíöèÿ). Êàçàíü: Èçäâî «Ìàòáóãàò éîðòû», 2001. Ñ. 374–376. Ëîáêîâ Å.Ã. Íåçàêîííûé îòëîâ è âûâîç êðå÷åòîâ ñ Êàì÷àòêè – óãðîçà ñàìîìó ñóùåñòâîâàíèþ êàì÷àòñêîé ïîïóëÿöèè ýòîãî âèäà. – Ñîõðàíåíèå áèîðàçíîîáðàçèÿ Êàì÷àòêè è ïðèëåãàþùèõ ìîðåé: Ìàòåðèàëû ðåãèîíàëüíîé íàó÷íîé êîíôåðåíöèè. Ïåòðîïàâëîâñê-Êàì÷àòñêèé, 2000. Ñ. 116–119. Ôåäîòêèí Ä.Â., Ñîðîêèí À.Ã. Êðàòêèé îò÷åò ïî äîêëàäàì, ïðåäñòàâëåííûì íà ñîâåùàíèè ðàáî÷åé ãðóïïû ÑÈÒÅÑ ïî ìåðàì ïðèíóæäåíèÿ â îáëàñòè òîðãîâëè ñîêîëàìè. 21–23 íîÿáðÿ 2005 ã., Àáó-Äàáè, ÎÀÝ. – Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà, 2006. ¹ 5. Ñ. 12–15. Ôîêñ Í., Áàðòîí Í., Ïîòàïîâ Å. Îõðàíà ñîêîëà-áàëîáàíà è ñîêîëèíàÿ îõîòà. – Ñòåïíîé áþëëåòåíü, 2003. ¹ 14. Ñ. 28–33. Eastham, C., N. Fox, and J.L. Quinn. Saker (Falco cherrug) and Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus) in Asia: Determining migration routs and trapping pressure. – Proceedings of the V World Conference on Birds of Prey and Owls (B.-U. Meyburg and R.D. Chancellor, Eds). Hancock House, Blaine, Washington, 2000. pp. 247–258. Riddle K.E., Remple J.D. Use of the Saker and other large falcons in Middle East falconry. – Raptor Conservation Today. B.-U. Meyburg, R.D. Chancellor Eds. Pica Press, 1994. pp. 415–420.

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 8

Îõðàíà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

The results of the project on illegal falcon trade research in the Altai-Sayan region in 2000–2006 РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ПРОЕКТА ПО ИЗУЧЕНИЮ НЕЛЕГАЛЬНОГО СОКОЛИНОГО БИЗНЕСА В АЛТАЕ-САЯНСКОМ РЕГИОНЕ В 2000–2006 ГГ. Nikolenko E.G. (Siberian Environmental Center, Novosibirsk, Russia) Ни олен о Э.Г. (МБОО «Сибирс ий э оло ичес ий центр», Новосибирс , Россия) Êîíòàêò: Ýëüâèðà Íèêîëåíêî ÌÁÎÎ «Ñèáèðñêèé ýêîëîãè÷åñêèé öåíòð» 630090 Ðîññèÿ Íîâîñèáèðñê à/ÿ 547 òåë./ôàêñ: +7(383) 3397885 nikolenko@ecoclub.nsu.ru Contact: Elvira Nikolenko NGO Siberian Environmental Center P.O. Box 547 Novosibirsk 630090 Russia tel./fax: +7 (383) 339 78 85 nikolenko@ecoclub.nsu.ru

Ðèñ. 1. Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêèé ýêîðåãèîí. Óñëîâíûå îáîçíà÷åíèÿ â òåêñòå. Fig. 1. Altai-Sayan Ecoregion. Signs of the legend in text.

Ââåäåíèå Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêèé ðåãèîí ÿâëÿåòñÿ ìåñòîì êîíöåíòðàöèè êðóïíûõ ñîêîëîâ è â ïîñëåäíèå äåñÿòèëåòèÿ ñòàë îñíîâíûì ïîëèãîíîì íåëåãàëüíîãî ëîâà äëÿ íóæä ñîêîëèíîé îõîòû â Ðîññèè. Â 2006 ã. áûëî ïðîâåäåíî èññëåäîâàíèå ñîâðåìåííîé ñèòóàöèè ñ ñîêîëèíûì áèçíåñîì â äàííîì ðåãèîíå, êàê ëåãàëüíûì, òàê è íåëåãàëüíûì, à òàêæå ïðîàíàëèçèðîâàíà èíôîðìàöèÿ, ñîáðàííàÿ èç ðàçíûõ èñòî÷íèêîâ ïî âñåé Ðîññèè. Èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïðîâîäèëèñü â ðàìêàõ ïðîåêòà TRAFFIC Europe-Russia áëàãîäàðÿ ïîääåðæêå ôîíäà Ðóôôîðäà (Rufford Foundation). Äàííàÿ ïóáëèêàöèÿ ÿâëÿåòñÿ àâòîðñêîé, íå ìîæåò ñ÷èòàòüñÿ îôèöèàëüíîé ïóáëèêàöèåé TRAFFIC è ìîæåò íå ñîâïàäàòü ñ âûâîäàìè TRAFFIC, îñíîâàííûìè êàê íà ýòèõ, òàê è íà äðóãèõ äîïîëíèòåëüíûõ ìàòåðèàëàõ, ïîëó÷åííûõ â ðåçóëüòàòå áîëåå øèðîêèõ èññëåäîâàíèé.

The current state of the falcon trade and trafficking in the Altai-Sayan region has been investigated (fig.1). Investigations were carried out within the project TRAFFIC Europe-Russia with the support of the Rufford Foundation.

Analysis of individual announces about purchase/sale of falcons We monitored Runet (the Russian segment of Internet) and issues of advertising newspapers from 2005 in order to search for individual adverts on the purchase or sale of falcons. We found 2 adverts about the sale of falcons and 9 – about their purchase on Runet. There was one advert of a sale of the Peregrine Falcon in a Novosibirsk newspaper. This information has demonstrated that today demand does not predetermine the supply of falcons in Russia, because the falcon trappers are developing demand for the falcons.

Raptors Conservation

Raptors Conservation 2007, 8

Ìåòîäèêà Â íàñòîÿùåì àíàëèçå ðàññìàòðèâàåòñÿ Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêèé ýêîðåãèîí ñ ïðèëåãàþùèìè òåððèòîðèÿìè – ìàêðî-ðåãèîí, âêëþ÷àþùèé â ñåáÿ òåððèòîðèþ 10 àäìèíèñòðàòèâíûõ åäèíèö: Íîâîñèáèðñêîé (ÍÑÎ), Êåìåðîâñêîé (ÊÎ) îáëàñòåé è Èðêóòñêîé îáëàñòè ñ Óñòü-Îðäûíñêèì Áóðÿòñêèì àâòîíîìíûì îêðóãîì (ÈðÎ, ÓÎÁÀÎ), Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ (ÀÊ), Êðàñíîÿðñêîãî êðàÿ (ÊÊ), Ðåñïóáëèê Àëòàé (ÐÀ), Õàêàñèÿ (ÐÕ), Òûâà (ÐÒ), Áóðÿòèÿ (ÐÁ) (ðèñ. 1). Çà ïåðèîä ïðîåêòà áûëà ïðîâåäåíà ñëåäóþùàÿ ðàáîòà: 1. Ïðîâåäåíî ñêàíèðîâàíèå ñåòè ðóíåò íà ïðåäìåò ÷àñòíûõ îáúÿâëåíèé êóïëè-ïðîäàæè ñîêîëîâ. Òàêæå ê èññëåäîâàíèþ áûë ïðèñîåäèí¸í ðåçóëüòàò ðàáîòû ïî ãðàíòó «Ïðåäîòâðàùåíèå íåëåãàëüíîãî èçúÿòèÿ è îáîðîòà âèäîâ Êîíâåíöèè ÑÈÒÅÑ â ðîññèéñêîé ÷àñòè Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîãî ðåãèîíà» (2006 ã., ôèíàíñèðîâàíèå WWF) – ñêàíèðîâàíèå ïîäøèâîê ðåêëàìíûõ ãàçåò çà 2005 ã. íà òåìó îáúÿâëåíèé îá îïåðàöèÿõ ñ æèâîòíûìè (è èõ äåðèâàòàìè), äîáûòûìè â Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîì ðåãèîíå. Àíàëèç ïðåññû áûë ñäåëàí â 6 àäìèíèñòðàòèâíûõ öåíòðàõ ðåãèîíà ïî 5 èçäàíèÿì â êàæäîì, â ñðåäíåì 2–3 èç êîòîðûõ ñîäåðæàëè îáúÿâëåíèÿ ïîäîáíîãî õàðàêòåðà. Îáúÿâëåíèÿ êàê â ãàçåòàõ, òàê è èç èíòåðíåòà ñ÷èòàëèñü óíèêàëüíûìè, åñëè íå ñîâïàäàëè ñ äðóãèìè ïî èìåíè àâòîðà, êîíòàêòíûì äàííûì è òåêñòó îáúÿâëåíèÿ; îáúÿâëåíèÿ îò îäíîãî àâòîðà ñ÷èòàëèñü óíèêàëüíûìè, åñëè èõ ðàçäåëÿë ñðîê áîëåå ÷åòûð¸õ ìåñÿöåâ. 2. Ñäåëàíû çàïðîñû âî âñå ãîñóäàðñòâåííûå ïðèðîäîîõðàííûå ñòðóêòóðû ðåãèîíà (â 7 àäìèíèñòðàòèâíûõ öåíòðàõ: Íîâîñèáèðñê, Áàðíàóë, Ãîðíî-Àëòàéñê, Êåìåðîâî, Êðàñíîÿðñê, Àáàêàí è Êûçûë) è Ôåäåðàëüíîå óïðàâëåíèå Ðîñïðèðîäíàäçîðà (Ìîñêâà) çà ïåðèîä 2000–2006 ãã.: 1) î äåéñòâóþùèõ ïèòîìíèêàõ è äðóãèõ îðãàíèçàöèÿõ, äåÿòåëüíîñòü êîòîðûõ ñâÿçàíà ñ äîáû÷åé, ðàçâåäåíèåì è/èëè ïðîäàæåé õèùíûõ ïòèö, âíåñ¸ííûõ â Êðàñíóþ Êíèãó ÐÔ; 2) î ïîñòóïèâøèõ çàÿâêàõ è âûäàííûõ Ôåäåðàëüíîé ñëóæáîé Ðîñïðèðîäíàäçîðà ðàçðåøåíèÿõ íà äîáû÷ó èç äèêîé ïðèðîäû è/èëè íà ýêñïîðò õèùíûõ ïòèö, âíåñ¸ííûõ â Êðàñíóþ Êíèãó ÐÔ (âêëþ÷àÿ äàííûå çàÿâèòåëÿ); 3) î âûÿâëåííûõ íàðóøåíèÿõ, ñâÿçàííûõ ñ îòëîâîì, ñîäåðæàíèåì, òðàíñïîðòèðîâêîé è òîðãîâûì îáîðîòîì õèùíûõ ïòèö, âíåñ¸ííûõ â Êðàñíóþ Êíèãó ÐÔ.

Analysis of official reaction of the governmental bodies We made official requests to all state nature protection organizations in the region. We requested information on organizations running a business connected with catching, capturing and selling the birds of prey, listed in the Red Data Book of the RF, and on received claims and arranged permissions for their catching in the wild and their export; about revealed infringements connected with their catching, keeping, transporting and trading. Only two departments of the Service of Supervising for Hunting (Altai Kray and Republic of Khakasia) and only two departments of the Service of Supervising for Nature Management (Krasnoyarsk Kray and Republic of Khakasia) have provided such information in the period under the question. The department of the Service of Supervising for Hunting of Altai Kray has reported regular detentions of poachers and smugglers (44 events). However such activity is no longer part of the organization’s responsibilities since 2004, and arrests ended up with minimal fines for the hunt rule breach and the illegal catching of pigeons. No criminal charges were brought in. Following the received official replies we can conclude that today no state nature protection organization manages the illegal falcon trapping and trade. Legal catching with special permission is virtually absent in the region for many years. Rare cases of arrests are not publisized and are not used in the practice of operative services. The Service of Supervising for Nature Management of Altai Kray was the only one to inform us about the export licenses issued by the Center for Captive-Breeding of Rare Birds «Altai Falcon», which gave permission for the export of 40 sakers, for sale of 70 sakers inside the country, and the releasing of 20 sakers in the wild in 2005.

Analysis of the information received from the Siberian Customs The Siberian Customs (SC) has informed us about data on the official export of falcons for the period 2000 to 2006 (Table 1). A simple comparison of the data from the customs and the data from the sources given above has demonstrated that there were more than just «Altai-Falcon» falcons exported under the license. The absence of such information in regional departments of the Service of Supervising for Nature Manage-

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 8 Òàêæå ó Ñèáèðñêîãî òàìîæåííîãî óïðàâëåíèÿ (ÑÒÓ) áûëè çàïðîøåíû äàííûå ïî ñòàòèñòèêå ëåãàëüíîãî ýêñïîðòà ÷åðåç òàìîæåííûå ïóíêòû ÑÒÓ õèùíûõ ïòèö, âíåñ¸ííûõ â Ïðèëîæåíèÿ ÑÈÒÅÑ, à òàêæå î âûÿâëåííûõ íàðóøåíèÿõ, ñâÿçàííûõ ñ èõ ïåðåìåùåíèåì ÷åðåç ãîñóäàðñòâåííóþ ãðàíèöó ÐÔ, çà ïåðèîä 2000–2006 ãã. 3. Ïðîâåäåíî ñêàíèðîâàíèå ñåòè ðóíåò è ñîáðàíà èíôîðìàöèÿ (ïðåññ-ðåëèçû è òåìàòè÷åñêèå ñòàòüè) î 44 ñëó÷àÿõ çàäåðæàíèÿ ëèö ñ ñîêîëàìè ñ 1996 ã. ïî 2006 ã. Ê íèì áûëè äîáàâëåíû ñâåäåíèÿ, ïîëó÷åííûå èç ãîñóäàðñòâåííûõ ïðèðîäîîõðàííûõ îðãàíèçàöèé è àíêåò ñïåöèàëèñòîâ. Â ðåçóëüòàòå áûëà ñîñòàâëåíà áàçà èç 64 ñëó÷àåâ çàäåðæàíèÿ ëèö ñ ñîêîëàìè èëè îðóäèÿìè ëîâà ñ îïèñàíèÿìè êàæäîãî ñëó÷àÿ. Òàêæå áûëà ïîëó÷åíà èíôîðìàöèÿ î 38

Ñòåïíûå êîòëîâèíû Òóâû – òèïè÷íûå ìåñòà îáèòàíèÿ áàëîáàíà. Ôîòî Ý. Íèêîëåíêî The steppe depressions of Tuva are typical inhabitance places for Saker Falcon. Photo by E. Nikolenko

ñëó÷àÿõ çàäåðæàíèÿ ëèö ñ îðóäèÿìè ëîâà â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå, íî îíè íå áûëè âêëþ÷åíû â áàçó â ñâÿçè ñ îòñóòñòâèåì äàò è ïîäðîáíîñòåé. Íà îñíîâàíèè ñîáðàííûõ äàííûõ áûë ñîñòàâëåí ñïèñîê íàðóøèòåëåé (47 ÷åëîâåê), çàäåðæàííûõ â ðàçíûõ ðåãèîíàõ. 4. Ðàçðàáîòàíà àíêåòà è ïðîâåäåíî àíêåòèðîâàíèå ñïåöèàëèñòîâ è ëèö, èìåþùèõ îòíîøåíèå ê îáîðîòó õèùíûõ ïòèö â Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîì ðåãèîíå. Áûëî îïðîøåíî 137 ñïåöèàëèñòîâ-áèîëîãîâ, ñîòðóäíèêîâ ãîñóäàðñòâåííûõ è îáùåñòâåííûõ ïðèðîäîîõðàííûõ îðãàíèçàöèé, îõîòîâåäîâ è èíñïåêòîðîâ, ñîòðóäíèêîâ ïèòîìíèêîâ è òàêñèäåðìèñòîâ. Äëÿ èòîãîâîãî àíàëèçà áûëè âçÿòû òîëüêî ñîäåðæàòåëüíûå àíêåòû, ðåñïîíäåíòû êîòîðûõ âëàäåëè èíôîðìàöèåé î ñëó÷àÿõ è ìåòîäàõ íåçàêîííîãî äîáûâàíèÿ ñîêîëîâ. Âñåãî áûëî îòîáðàíî 28 àíêåò. Â àíêåòàõ çàïðàøèâàëàñü èíôîðìàöèÿ ïî ñëåäóþùèì òåìàì: 1) èçìåíåíèå ñèòóàöèè ñ íåëåãàëüíûì ëîâîì ñîêîëîâ;

Îõðàíà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ ment points out that the export was perhaps illegal and the documents were forged. However additional information is needed for further investigation of these facts. SC has also given the information about 10 cases of arrests in 2000–06: criminal actions were brought in 6 cases of transporting 44 sakers and 2 gyrs across the state border of RF, and administrative actions were brought in 4 cases since the trafficked birds found were not claimed by anybody. Analysis of the questionnaire of specialists We analyzed a questionnaire sent off to 137 specialists and individuals dealing with the trade of birds of prey in the Altai-Sayan region. In total we gathered 28 returned questionnaires. Not all regions were covered by our questionnaire (fig. 3) because of a small numbers of specialists in some remote regions and who were difficult to contacting. The illegal trapping has appeared in the region more than 10 years ago, first in the Altai region, then in the Sayan region (fig. 5). More than a half of the respondents (57.14%) believed that the illegal trapping has decreased in last 5 years from a common widespread phenomenon into a rare or very rare event (fig. 6). However 39.29% of the respondents did not answer the question. Almost all respondents (51.86%, n=54) indicate the States of the Arabian Peninsula (especially UAE, Syria, Jordan, Saudi Arabia) as countries of origin of poacher and smuggler groups, as well as the Caucasian region (16.66%; especially Azerbaijan and Chechnya), followed by the countries of Middle Asia (12.96%). China, Mongolia and Ukraine were noted only once (fig. 9). The most intensive trapping has noted on the steppe regions of Khakasia, in MongunTaiga region of Tuva, Kosh-Agach region of the Republic of Altai, also in steppe foothills of Altai (fig. 10). The questionaries state that the Saker Falcon is the most commonly trapped – 58.14% (n=43), followed by the Peregrine Falcon – 27.91%, and only 13.95% of specialists (from Altai Kray, Republic of Altai and Irkutsk district) mentioned the Gyrfalcon. Near 100 sakers, several tens of peregrines and 20–30 gyrs are caught in the region every year. The state of the wild populations of the Peregrine Falcon in the region is estimated as stable (fig. 13). However, the numbers of the Saker Falcon and Gyrfalcons are decreas-

Raptors Conservation

Raptors Conservation 2007, 8 2) îöåíêà êîëè÷åñòâà ãðóïï ëîâöîâ â ïîñëåäíèå 2–3 ãîäà è 3–5 ëåò íàçàä ; 3) ìíåíèå î ñîñòàâå ëîâöîâ è ñêóïùèêîâ; 4) ìåñòà îòëîâà ñîêîëîâ; 5) ìíåíèå î ìåñòàõ ïåðåäåðæêè, ìåòîäàõ ëîâëè è òðàíñïîðòèðîâêè ñîêîëîâ; 6) ìíåíèå î ñïðîñå íà ðàçíûõ ïòèö; 7) èíôîðìàöèÿ î öåíàõ íà ñîêîëîâ; 8) îöåíêà åæåãîäíîãî îòëîâà (ïî âèäàì); 9) âëèÿíèå ëîâà íà ïîïóëÿöèè; 10) îòðàæåíèå ïðîáëåìû â ÑÌÈ è îòíîøåíèå íàñåëåíèÿ ðåãèîíà ê íåëåãàëüíîìó ëîâó ñîêîëîâ; 11) ñëó÷àè çàäåðæàíèÿ ëîâöîâ-íåëåãàëîâ è ïåðåêóïùèêîâ; 12) íàêàçàíèå çàäåðæàííûõ ëîâöîâ è/ èëè ïåðåêóïùèêîâ; 13) ñëó÷àè ëåãàëüíîãî îòëîâà ñîêîëîâ â òå÷åíèå ïîñëåäíèõ 10 ëåò.

Ãîðíî-ñòåïíîé ëàíäøàôò Òóâû. Ôîòî Ý. Íèêîëåíêî The mountain steppe landscape of Tuva. Photo by E. Nikolenko

Àíêåòà áûëà ïîñòðîåíà ïî ïðèíöèïó òåñòèðîâàíèÿ: èç ïðåäëîæåííûõ âàðèàíòîâ îòâåòà ðåñïîíäåíò ìîã âûáðàòü îäèí èëè íåñêîëüêî. Äëÿ êàæäîãî âîïðîñà âû÷èñëÿëàñü äîëÿ êàæîãî âàðèàíòà îòâåòà â ïðîöåíòàõ îò îáùåãî ÷èñëà îòâåòîâ íà äàííûé âîïðîñ, êîòîðûå ðàíæèðîâàëèñü ïî ðåãèîíàì.

Ðåçóëüòàòû Àíàëèç îáúÿâëåíèé î êóïëå-ïðîäàæå ñîêîëîâ â ðóíåòå è ðåêëàìíûõ ãàçåòàõ Âñåãî â ïðîñòðàíñòâå ðóññêîÿçû÷íîãî èíòåðíåòà áûëî îáíàðóæåíî 2 ÷àñòíûõ îáúÿâëåíèÿ î ïîêóïêå ñîêîëîâ è 9 – î ïðîäàæå ñîêîëîâ. Âñå îáúÿâëåíèÿ î ïîêóïêå ñîêîëîâ äàíû èç Ìîñêâû. Ñ áîëüøîé âåðîÿòíîñòüþ, ïòèöû ïðèîáðåòàëèñü äëÿ ñîäåðæàíèÿ â êà÷åñòâå ëîâ÷åé ïòèöû, âîçìîæíî – äëÿ êàêîãî-íèáóäü ïèòîìíèêà èëè öåíòðà ïî ðàçâåäåíèþ. Îáúÿâëåíèÿ î ïðîäàæå äàíû èç Óêðàèíû, Êàçàõñòàíà, Ìîñêâû (ïî 2

ing. The majority of respondents (76.92%, n=26) considers that reports about the falcon problem appear in the mass media not every year, 15.38%, 15.38% – several times per year and 7.69% suppose that the mass media does not mention the falcon. Little or no information was reported about administrative and criminal actions against the poachers and smugglers. Analysis of arrests made in the progress of catching and trafficking of the falcons We have compiled the database contained 64 detailed events of detentions of poachers and smugglers with falcons or tools for catching with each event descriptions based on the sources from the Runet, data from the state bodies of nature protection and the questionnaires. Since 2000, the average number of illegally trapped birds reported in an incident was 13 birds in the Altai-Sayan region, 24 – in Europe, 20 – in the Far East. Far East customs officials claim only 1 out of 10 smugglers is arrested. Following such estimations we can estimate that 130 birds are being caught every year in the Altai-Sayan region, 200 – in Far East and 240 birds – in other regions. The comparisons of the tables 2 and 3 demonstrates that the largest bulk of the of arrests was reported during inspective trips of officials of the Service of Supervising for Hunting of the Altai Kray. It is followed by the detentions at airports during check-ins and boarding the plane (27 events) – almost all registered events occurred in Europe (Moscow, Ekaterinburg, Sochi, Ukraine) and in the largest cities of Siberia. The lowest numbers of detentions are reported on trains, highways and at state borders. The sharp decline of detention numbers was noted in 2003 but rose once again in 2004–2005 (Table 4). Specialists attribute the decline of 2003 with the aftermath of the 9– 11 events and with the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. The increasing numbers of detention in 2004–2005 are the result of raising the demand for gyrfalcons and increased traffic through Far East, complemented by the decline of nature protection measures in Siberia.

Conclusion The illegal falcon trade greatly exceeds the legal trade. The total lack of any activities by the government organizations to curb the illegal trade is complemented with lack

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 8 îáúÿâëåíèÿ) è Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ (1 îáúÿâëåíèå). Â ïîñëåäíåì ñëó÷àå, áåçóñëîâíî, ïðîäàâàëèñü ñîêîëà, íåëåãàëüíî îòëîâëåííûå â Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîì ðåãèîíå. Â îäíîì îáúÿâëåíèè èç Äíåïðîïåòðîâñêà ïðåäëàãàëèñü íå òîëüêî ñîêîëà, à «ðàçíûå ðåäêèå ïòèöû, îáèòàþùèå íà Óêðàèíå». Â 2-õ îáúÿâëåíèÿõ ìåñòîïîëîæåíèå àâòîðà íå óêàçûâàëîñü. Â ïîäøèâêàõ ðåêëàìíûõ ãàçåò çà 2005 ã. áûëî íàéäåíî òîëüêî 1 îáúÿâëåíèå î ïðîäàæå ñàïñàíà â ã. Íîâîñèáèðñêå. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ïî ýòîé âûáîðêå îáúÿâëåíèé âèäíî, ÷òî â Ðîññèè ðàçâèâàåòñÿ âíóòðåííèé ðûíîê ñîêîëîâ, ñâÿçàííûé, ñêîðåå âñåãî, ñ ïîïóëÿðíîñòüþ ýòèõ ïòèö ñðåäè ëþáèòåëåé. Äàííûå îáúÿâëåíèÿ íå ïîçâîëÿþò ñóäèòü î òîì, ïðåäíàçíà÷åíû ëè ïòèöû äëÿ ýêñïîðòà â àðàáñêèå ñòðàíû, òàêæå êàê è íåò íèêàêîé ãàðàíòèè, ÷òî ïîêóïàòåëÿìè â ïîäîáíûõ ñëó÷àÿõ íå ñòàíîâÿòñÿ ïåðåêóïùèêè äëÿ ñîêîëèíûõ ðûíêîâ. Ïðåâàëèðîâàíèå îáúÿâëåíèé î ïðîäàæå óêàçûâàåò íà òî, ÷òî, â äàííîì ñëó÷àå, íå ñïðîñ îïðåäåëÿåò ïðåäëîæåíèå, à íàîáîðîò, ëîâöû ñîêîëîâ ðàçâèâàþò ñïðîñ âíóòðè ñòðàíû. «Ïóñòîòà» ïëîùàäêè ðåãèîíàëüíûõ ðåêëàìíûõ ãàçåò óêàçûâàåò, ÷òî, âî-ïåðâûõ, ïðîäàâöû ñîêîëîâ îðèåíòèðóþòñÿ íà åâðîïåéñêóþ ÷àñòü ñòàíû, âî-âòîðûõ, äàííûé ðûíîê â ðåãèîíå ñêðûò (ò.å. íå ïîëüçóåòñÿ îòêðûòûìè êàíàëàìè äëÿ ñâÿçè ïîêóïàòåëüïðîäàâåö) èëè îòñóòñòâóåò, â òðåòüèõ, ó÷àñòíèêè ðûíêà ïîëüçóþòñÿ ìåíüøåé óÿçâèìîñòüþ ïëîùàäêè èíòåðíåò. Âëàäåíèå èíôîðìàöèåé ãîñóäàðñòâåííûìè îðãàíàìè îõðàíû ïðèðîäû Èç Ôåäåðàëüíîãî óïðàâëåíèÿ Ðîñïðèðîäíàäçîðà (Ìîñêâà) áûë ïîëó÷åí îòâåò, ÷òî óêàçàííûå ñâåäåíèÿ îíè íå ìîãóò ïðåäîñòàâèòü ïî òåõíè÷åñêèì ïðè÷èíàì. Âñåãî ïî ðåãèîíó áûëî ðàçîñëàíî 22 ïèñüìà, ïîëó÷åíî 16 îòâåòîâ. Íå îòâåòèëè ïðèðîäîîõðàííûå ñòðóêòóðû ïðè Àäìèíèñòðàöèÿõ ñóáúåêòîâ Êåìåðîâñêîé îáëàñòè, Êðàñíîÿðñêîãî êðàÿ, Ðåñïóáëèê Àëòàé, Õàêàñèÿ è Òûâà – ïî-âèäèìîìó, ïî ïðè÷èíå òîãî, ÷òî çàïðàøèâàåìûå ñâåäåíèÿ íå íàõîäÿòñÿ â èõ êîìïåòåíöèè. Ïîëó÷åííûå îòâåòû èç Óïðàâëåíèé Ðîñïðèðîäíàäçîðà óêàçûâàþò íà òî, ÷òî äàííàÿ ñòðóêòóðà, êàê ôåäåðàëüíàÿ, òàê è å¸

Îõðàíà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

Áàëîáàí (Falco cherrug) â ïîë¸òå. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà The Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug) in flight. Photo by I. Karyakin

of the support and motivation to the legal business. The events of detentions of trappers or smugglers are rare events and bringing a criminal action to a court of law is almost unheard of. All Governmental organizations in-charge of the illegal trapping and trafficking of falcons don’t have any motives for combatting the problem, since exceptionally low costs of falcons mentioned in the Russian legislation, and hence minimal damages spell out exceptionally low fines. There is no way the Governnment will manage and control the illegal falcon trade in the foreseeable future.

Recommendations 1. Develop motivation for nature protection organizations, customs and border patrols to struggle against trapping and smuggling of falcons. 2. Improve the Russian legislation and increase the management incentives and fines for illegal trapping of the falcons. 3.Create a special task force to struggle against poaching in the region. 4. Develop and introduce new anticorruption methods. 5. Control the lawsuits against trappers and smugglers by mass media and society. 6. Support the special projects of the scientific organizations monitoring falcons in the regions where the poacher activities are high. 7. Introduce the state program on microchipping of birds and equip the customs posts with special instruments for tracing of microchips. 8. Create a public list of issued permissions and introduce falcon certificates. 9. Create legal and financial support of the established centers which breed falcons in captivity.

Raptors Conservation

Raptors Conservation 2007, 8 ðåãèîíàëüíûå ïîäðàçäåëåíèÿ íå îòñëåæèâàþò îáîðîò õèùíûõ ïòèö, âêëþ÷¸ííûõ â Êðàñíóþ êíèãó ÐÔ è Ïðèëîæåíèÿ ÑÈÒÅÑ, â ÷àñòíîñòè, êðóïíûõ ñîêîëîâ, à òàêæå ñîñòîÿíèå äåë ñ èõ íåëåãàëüíûì îáîðîòîì. Ðîñïðèðîäíàäçîðû, êîòîðûå ïðåäîñòàâèëè äàííûå î âûäàííûõ ðàçðåøåíèÿõ, âëàäåëè ñâåäåíèÿìè òîëüêî ñ òîãî ìîìåíòà, êîãäà èõ Óïðàâëåíèÿ áûëè ñîçäàíû, ò.å. ïîñëå ïåðèîäà òîòàëüíîé ðåîðãàíèçàöèè â ÌÏÐ. Òàê, Ðîñïðèðîäíàäçîð Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ ñîîáùàåò î ñîãëàñîâàíèè ýêñïîðòíûõ ëèöåíçèé è ðàçðåøåíèé íà ïðîäàæó ñîêîëîâ ïèòîìíèêîì «Àëòàé-Ôàëüêîí» òîëüêî ñ 2005 ã., ïðè òîì, ÷òî ñàì ïèòîìíèê ïðåäîñòàâèë ñâåäåíèÿ, ÷òî îôîðìëÿë òàêèå ðàçðåøåíèÿ è ïðîäàâàë ñîêîëîâ åæåãîäíî, ïî êðàéíåé ìåðå, ñ 2000 ã. ×åòûðå èç øåñòè Óïðàâëåíèé Ðîññåëüõîçíàäçîðà (îòäåëû îõîòíàäçîðà â åãî ñîñòàâå) îòâåòèëè, ÷òî íå ðàñïîëàãàþò äàííûìè î íåëåãàëüíîì îòëîâå, ñîäåðæàíèè, òðàíñïîðòèðîâêå è òîðãîâîì îáîðîòå ñîêîëîâ, óêàçûâàÿ íà òî, ÷òî äàííûå ñâåäåíèÿ îòíîñÿòñÿ ê êîìïåòåíöèè Ðîñïðèðîäíàäçîðîâ. Îòäåë îõîòíàäçîðà Êðàñíîÿðñêîãî êðàÿ â îôèöèàëüíîì îòâåòå óêàçûâàë, ÷òî íå ðàñïîëàãàåò ñâåäåíèÿìè ïî äàííûì âîïðîñàì, îäíàêî â ëè÷íîé áåñåäå ïî òåëåôîíó ñîòðóäíèê îõîòíàäçîðà, ãîòîâèâøèé îòâåò, ñêàçàë, ÷òî â ã. Êðàñíîÿðñêå ÷ó÷åëà ñîêîëîâ ìîæíî âñòðåòèòü â ñâîáîäíîé ïðîäàæå â îõîòíè÷üèõ ìàãàçèíàõ, îäíàêî íèêàêèõ ìåð îõîòíàäçîð íå ïðåäïðèíèìàåò, ò.ê. ýòî íå âõîäèò â åãî êîìïåòåíöèþ. Îòäåë îõîòíàäçîðà Ðåñïóáëèêè Àëòàé îòâåòèë, ÷òî íå ðàñïîëàãàåò óêàçàííûìè ñâåäåíèÿìè. Îäíàêî â àðõèâå îõîòóïðàâëåíèÿ ÐÀ áûëè íàéäåíû äàííûå î ïðîòîêîëå, ñîñòàâëåííîì 13 àâãóñòà 2000 ã. â ðàéîíå ï. Îíãóäàé Ðåñïóáëèêè Àëòàé íà æèòåëüíèöó ã. Áàðíàóëà çà îòëîâ è ïðîâîç 8 õèùíûõ ïòèö, ïîõîæèõ íà ñîêîëà-áàëîáàíà. Ïòèö âåçëè èç Êîø-Àãà÷ñêîãî ðàéîíà Ðåñïóáëèêè Àëòàé. Çàäåðæàííàÿ ñêàçàëà, ÷òî íå çíàëà, ÷òî äàííûå ïòèöû – áàëîáàíû. Òîëüêî Ðîñïðèðîäíàäçîðû Êðàñíîÿðñêîãî êðàÿ è Ðåñïóáëèêè Õàêàñèÿ, à òàêæå îòäåëû îõîòíàäçîðà Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ è Ðåñïóáëèêè Õàêàñèÿ ñîîáùèëè ñâåäåíèÿ î ñëó÷àÿõ çàäåðæàíèÿ íàðóøèòåëåé. Ðîñïðèðîäíàäçîð Êðàñíîÿðñêîãî êðàÿ ñîîáùàåò, ÷òî â îêòÿáðå 2001 ã. â ã. Êðàñíîÿðñêå áûëè çàäåðæàíû ãðàæäàíå Ñèðèè, ó êîòîðûõ èçúÿòû 4 ñàïñàíà è 5 áàëîáàíîâ. Ñîêîëà ïåðåäàíû â ÀÍÎ «Ñàÿíñêèé ñîêîë» (ÐÕ). Íà çàäåðæàííûõ áûë ïîäàí èñê íà ñóììó 67500 ðóá. (ïî òàêñàì Ìèí. Ïðèðîäû îò 04.05.94 ã. ¹ 126). Ïî ðåçóëüòàòó

óãîëîâíîãî äåëà íàðóøèòåëÿì áûë âûíåñåí ïðèãîâîð – 3 ãîäà ëèøåíèÿ ñâîáîäû óñëîâíî è øòðàô – 15000 ðóá. Ðîñïðèðîäíàäçîð Ðåñïóáëèêè Õàêàñèÿ ñîîáùàåò, ÷òî â ïåðèîä 2000–2002 ãã. áûëà ïðåñå÷åíà ïîïûòêà âûâîçà 15 ñîêîëîâ áëàãîäàðÿ ñîâìåñòíîé ðàáîòå ÔÑÁ, îõîòíàäçîðà è ÀÍÎ «Ñàÿíñêèé ñîêîë». Îòäåë îõîòíàäçîðà Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ ñîîáùàåò î ðåãóëÿðíîì çàäåðæàíèè ëèö ñ îðóäèÿìè ëîâà (42 ñëó÷àÿ çà óêàçàííûé ïåðèîä), à òàêæå î 2-õ ñëó÷àÿõ çàäåðæàíèÿ ëèö ïðè òðàíñïîðòèðîâêå ñîêîëîâ. Ðóêîâîäèòåëü îòäåëà îõîòíàäçîðà Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ Â.À. Äåðèãëàçîâ ñîîáùàåò, ÷òî èíñïåêòîðà ðåãóëÿðíî íàáëþäàþò ëîâöîâ â ñòåïíûõ ïðåäãîðíûõ ðàéîíàõ è ïûòàþòñÿ èõ çàäåðæèâàòü, ïðè òîì, ÷òî òàêàÿ áîðüáà íå âõîäèò â êîìïåòåíöèþ îõîòíàäçîðà, è çàäåðæàíèÿ çàêàí÷èâàþòñÿ ìèçåðíûìè øòðàôàìè çà íàðóøåíèå ïðàâèë îõîòû è íåçàêîííûé îòëîâ ãîëóáåé. Íàèáîëåå ïîäðîáíûé îòâåò áûë ïîëó÷åí èç Ðîññåëüõîçíàäçîðà Ðåñïóáëèêè Õàêàñèÿ – èìè áûëè ïðèâåäåíû âñå ñëó÷àè çàäåðæàíèÿ (8 ñëó÷àåâ) ñ èìåíàìè íàðóøèòåëåé (18 ÷åëîâåê), íà êîòîðûõ áûëî ñîñòàâëåíî 18 ïðîòîêîëîâ: 7 – çà íàðóøåíèå ïðàâèë îõîòû è íåçàêîííîå ñîäåðæàíèå ñîêîëîâ â íåâîëå, 11 – çà íàðóøåíèå ïðàâèë ïðåáûâàíèÿ èíîñòðàííûõ ãðàæäàí â ÐÔ. Ïðèìå÷àòåëüíî, ÷òî 17 èç 18-òè óêàçàííûõ ñëó÷àåâ îòíîñèëèñü ê 2000–2002 ãã., êîãäà â Ðåñïóáëèêå Õàêàñèÿ ñîâìåñòíî ñ ÌÂÄ è Îõîòíàäçîðîì äåÿòåëüíîñòü ïî çàäåðæàíèþ íàðóøèòåëåé âåëà îáùåñòâåííàÿ îðãàíèçàöèÿ ÀÍÎ «Ñàÿíñêèé ñîêîë». Òàêæå ÌÂÄ Ðåñïóáëèêè Õàêàñèÿ ñîîáùàåò î òîì æå ïåðèîäå è î òåõ æå ñëó÷àÿõ: 1998–99 ã. – çàäåðæàíî 8 ãðàæäàí Ñèðèè, çàíèìàâøèõñÿ îòëîâîì ñîêîëîâ. 1999 ã. – â Áàøêèðèè çàäåðæàíà æèòåëüíèöà Õàêàñèè, ïðîâîçèâøàÿ 3 ñîêîëîâ â Ìîñêâó. Àâãóñò-ñåíòÿáðü 2001 ã. – çàäåðæàíû íåñêîëüêî ãðàæäàí Ñèðèè ñ 35 ãîëóáÿìè, 28 ïóòàíêàìè, 5 êëîáó÷êàìè è ïð. Íå èñêëþ÷åíû ñëó÷àè êîððóïöèè â ãîñîðãàíàõ. Òàê, â ãàçåòàõ ã. Àáàêàí áûëè îáíàðóæåíû ìàòåðèàëû î ñëó÷àÿõ ëîâà ñîêîëîâ àðàáàìè ïî ðàçðåøåíèÿì, âûäàííûì Ðóêîâîäèòåëåì îõîòíàäçîðà Ðåñïóáëèêè Õàêàñèÿ Ñ.Â. Ìàøóêîâûì â 2001 ã. Äàííûå ñëó÷àè áûëè ïîäòâåðæäåíû â èíòåðâüþ è àíêåòàõ ñïåöèàëèñòîâ, ðàáîòàþùèõ â äàííîì ðåãèîíå. Ëîâ ïðîâîäèëñÿ â Øèðèíñêîì è Óñòü-Àáàêàíñêîì ðàéîíàõ Õàêàñèè. Òîãäà ñ íàðóøèòåëåé âçÿëè øòðàô çà íàðóøåíèå ïðàâèë îõîòû è îòïóñòèëè.

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 8 Òàêèì îáðàçîì, íà îñíîâàíèè îôèöèàëüíûõ îòâåòîâ ìîæíî ñäåëàòü âûâîä, ÷òî íà ñåãîäíÿøíèé äåíü íè îäíà èç ãîñóäàðñòâåííûõ ïðèðîäîîõðàííûõ ñòðóêòóð íå âëàäåþò ñèòóàöèåé ñ íåëåãàëüíûì ëîâîì ñîêîëîâ. Ëåãàëüíûé îòëîâ ïî ðàçðåøåíèÿì â ðåãèîíå ïîëíîñòüþ îòñóòñòâóåò óæå ìíîãî ëåò. Ðàçðîçíåííûå ñëó÷àè çàäåðæàíèÿ íàðóøèòåëåé íå ñèñòåìàòèçèðîâàíû è íå èñïîëüçóþòñÿ â ðàáîòå îïåðàòèâíûõ ñëóæá. Óíèêàëüíà ñèòóàöèÿ â Ðåñïóáëèêå Õàêàñèÿ, ãäå ïðè ðåñïóáëèêàíñêîì ÌÂÄ ñîçäàíà ýêîëîãè÷åñêàÿ èíñïåêöèÿ, ðàáîòàþùàÿ â ñîäðóæåñòâå ñ îòäåëîì îõîòíàäçîðà, îäíàêî, íåñìîòðÿ íà èìåþùèåñÿ çàäåðæàíèÿ, â èõ ðàáîòå îòñóòñòâóþò ïðåöåäåíòû íàêàçàíèÿ íàðóøèòåëåé çà îòëîâ êðàñíîêíèæíûõ âèäîâ. Ðàáîòó èíñïåêòîðîâ îõîòíàäçîðà Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ, ãäå çà 2000–06 ãã. áûëî çàôèêñèðîâàíî 38 ñëó÷àåâ çàäåðæàíèÿ ëèö ñ îðóäèÿìè ëîâà, ìîæíî íàçâàòü ïîëíîñòüþ áëàãîòâîðèòåëüíîé, ò.ê. êðîìå òîãî, ÷òî ñ 2004 ã. îíà íå âõîäèò â èõ êîìïåòåíöèþ, îò ýòîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè îòäåë îõîòíàäçîðà íåñ¸ò áîëüøèå óáûòêè. Ñèáèðñêîå òàìîæåííîå óïðàâëåíèå ïðåäîñòàâèëî èíôîðìàöèþ î 10 ñëó÷àÿõ çàäåðæàíèé çà ïåðèîä 2000–06 ãã.: ïî 6-òè ñëó÷àÿì, ñâÿçàííûì ñ ïåðåìåùåíèåì ÷åðåç ãðàíèöó ÐÔ 44 áàëîáàíîâ è 2 êðå÷åòîâ, áûëè âîçáóæäåíû óãîëîâíûå äåëà, è â 4-õ ñëó÷àÿõ áûëè âîçáóæäåíû äåëà îá àäìèíèñòðàòèâíûõ ïðàâîíàðóøåíèÿõ, ò.ê. îòëîâëåííûõ ïòèö ó íàðóøèòåëåé íå áûëî îáíàðóæåíî.

Òàáë. 1. Îôèöèàëüíûé ýêñïîðò ñîêîëîâ â çîíå äåÿòåëüíîñòè ÑÒÓ â 2000–2006 ãã. Table 1. Legal export of falcons controlled by the Siberian Customs in 2000–2006

Ãîä Year

Ìåñÿö Month

àâãóñò / August ñåíòÿáðü / September 2000 îêòÿáðü / October íîÿáðü / November Âñåãî çà 2000 ã. Total 2000 ñåíòÿáðü / September 2001 îêòÿáðü / October îêòÿáðü / October Âñåãî çà 2001 ã. Total 2001 ñåíòÿáðü / September 2002 îêòÿáðü / October Âñåãî çà 2002 ã. Total 2002 2003 ñåíòÿáðü / September Âñåãî çà 2003 ã. Total 2003 àïðåëü / April 2004 (110) èþëü / July ñåíòÿáðü / September Âñåãî çà 2004 ã. / Total 2004 Âñåãî çà 2000-2004 ãã. / Total 2000-2004

Îõðàíà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ Àíàëèç äàííûõ î ëåãàëüíîì ýêñïîðòå, âûëîâå è âûïóñêå ñîêîëîâ Î ñîãëàñîâàíèè ýêñïîðòíûõ ëèöåíçèé â Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîì ðåãèîíå ñîîáùàåò òîëüêî Ðîñïðèðîäíàäçîð Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ – ïèòîìíèê «Àëòàé-Ôàëüêîí» â 2005 ã. ñîãëàñîâûâàë ýêñïîðò 40 áàëîáàíîâ, âíóòðåííþþ ïðîäàæó 70 áàëîáàíîâ è âûïóñê 15 áàëîáàíîâ è â 2006 ã. – ýêñïîðò 30 áàëîáàíîâ è âûïóñê 20 áàëîáàíîâ. Ýòè ñâåäåíèÿ ñîâïàäàþò ñ äàííûìè, ïîëó÷åííûìè îò äèðåêòîðà «Àëòàé-Ôàëüêîíà» Êîíñòàíòèíà Ïÿòêîâà. Êðîìå òîãî, ïî ñâåäåíèÿì Ê. Ïÿòêîâà, èõ ïèòîìíèê â 2000 ã. ëåãàëüíî ïðîäàë 15 ñîêîëîâ è âûïóñòèë 18, â 2001 ã. – 0 è 16, â 2002 ã. – 60 è 16, â 2003 ã. – 90 è 51 è â 2004 ã. – 90 è 25 ñîîòâåòñòâåííî. Ïî ñâåäåíèÿì èç ðàçíûõ èñòî÷íèêîâ, Íîâîñèáèðñêèé ïèòîìíèê «Äðîíò» òàêæå îñóùåñòâëÿë ïðîäàæó ñîêîëîâ â óêàçàííûé ïåðèîä – ïî ñëîâàì äèðåêòîðà ýòîãî ïèòîìíèêà, ðàçìíîæåíèå ñîêîëîâ è èõ ïðîäàæà îñóùåñòâëÿëèñü åæåãîäíî äî 2005 ã., îäíàêî îíà îòêàçàëàñü äàâàòü áîëåå ïîäðîáíûå ñâåäåíèÿ îá ýòèõ ïàðòèÿõ. Â îôèöèàëüíîì îòâåòå Ðîñïðèðîäíàäçîðà ÍÑÎ óêàçûâàåòñÿ, ÷òî ïèòîìíèê «Äðîíò» â 2004– 06 ãã. (çà âðåìÿ ñóùåñòâîâàíèÿ Ðîñïðèðîäíàäçîðà) ýêñïîðòíûå ëèöåíçèè è ðàçðåøåíèÿ íà ïðîäàæó íå ñîãëàñîâûâàë. Ïî óñòíîìó ñîîáùåíèþ çàì. íà÷àëüíèêà îòäåëà íàäçîðà çà îáúåêòàìè æèâîòíîãî ìèðà, ýêñïåðòèçû è ðàçðåøèòåëüíîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè, â 2001–2004 ãã. ñâåäåíèÿ î ñîãëàñîâàíèè ïèòîìíèêîì ïîäîáíûõ ðàçðåÂèä ïòèöû Species

Êîëè÷åñòâî ïòèö, øò. Number of birds, ind.

áàëîáàí / Saker Falcon áàëîáàí / Saker Falcon áàëîáàí / Saker Falcon áàëîáàí / Saker Falcon

10 15 12 3 40 16 31 11 58 20 40 60 97 97 20 20 70 110 365

áàëîáàí / Saker Falcon áàëîáàí / Saker Falcon êðå÷åò / Gyrfalcon áàëîáàí / Saker Falcon áàëîáàí / Saker Falcon áàëîáàí / Saker Falcon áàëîáàí / Saker Falcon áàëîáàí / Saker Falcon áàëîáàí / Saker Falcon

Raptors Conservation

Áàëîáàí, çàäåðæàííûé ïðè ïîïûòêå êîíòðàáàíäû. Ðîññèÿ, ã. Ñàìàðà, äåêàáðü 2007 ã. Ôîòî À. Ïàæåíêîâà Confiscated illegal Saker Falcon. Russia, Samara, December 2007. Photo by A.Pazhenkov

Raptors Conservation 2007, 8 øåíèé â àðõèâå Êîìèòåòà ïî îõðàíå ïðèðîäû òàêæå îòñóòñòâóþò. Èíòåðåñíàÿ ñèòóàöèÿ áûëà âñêðûòà â Êåìåðîâñêîé îáëàñòè. Âåñíîé 2006 ã. â îòâåò íà çàïðîñ îá ýêñïîðòå âèäîâ ÑÈÒÅÑ (äëÿ Àíàëèçà ðûíêîâ âèäîâ ÑÈÒÅÑ ðåãèîíà) Êåìåðîâñêèé Ðîñïðèðîäíàäçîð ñîîáùèë, ÷òî â 2003 ã. ïîñòóïàëè çàÿâêè îò ÀÍÎ «Íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèé ïîëèãîí ïî ñîõðàíåíèþ áèîðàçíîîáðàçèÿ Êóçáàññà»: – îò 02.10.2003 ã. íà äîáûâàíèå 20 áàëîáàíîâ íà ïðîë¸òå â Òèñóëüñêîì ð-íå Êåìåðîâñêîé îáë. – îò 20.10.2003 ã. íà ýêñïîðò 15 áàëîáàíîâ â Ñèðèþ, ã. Àëëåïî. Áûëè ëè âûäàíû ðàçðåøåíèÿ íà ýòè çàÿâêè â îòâåòå íå ñîîáùàëîñü. Â ñåíòÿáðå 2005 ã. ÈÔÍÑ ÐÔ ïî ã. Êåìåðîâî áûëî ïîäàíî èñêîâîå çàÿâëåíèå â Àðáèòðàæíûé ñóä ã. Êåìåðîâî î ëèêâèäàöèè âûøåíàçâàííîãî ÀÍÎ íà îñíîâàíèè òîãî, ÷òî áóõãàëòåðñêàÿ îò÷åòíîñòü íå ïðåäîñòàâëÿåòñÿ, ñóììû íàëîãîâ íå èñ÷èñëÿþòñÿ è íå îïëà÷èâàþòñÿ. Íà çàñåäàíèå ñóäà îòâåò÷èê íå ÿâèëñÿ, è äåëî áûëî çàêðûòî êàê íå ïîäëåæàùåå ðàññìîòðåíèþ, ò.å. ÀÍÎ ôîðìàëüíî ñóùåñòâóåò è ïî ñåé äåíü. Ìîæíî ïðåäïîëîæèòü, ÷òî äàííàÿ îðãàíèçàöèÿ áûëà ñîçäàíà ÷èñòî ôîðìàëüíî, äëÿ îñóùåñòâëåíèÿ ñäåëêè â 2003 ã. Â îôèöèàëüíîì îòâåòå ÑÒÓ óêàçàíû âèäû è êîëè÷åñòâî ïòèö ïî ìåñÿöàì ñ 2000 ïî 2006 ãã., íà êîòîðûõ îôîðìëÿëñÿ ýêñïîðò (òàáë. 1). Ñîïîñòàâëåíèå ýòèõ äàííûõ è âûøåïðèâåä¸ííûõ ñâåäåíèé ïîêàçûâàåò, ÷òî êðîìå ïèòîìíèêà «Àëòàé Ôàëüêîí» çà óêàçàííûé ïåðèîä ýêñïîðò ÷åðåç òàìîæåííûå ïîñòû ÑÒÓ îôîðìëÿëè è äðóãèå îðãàíèçàöèè. Òàê, â 2001 ã. «Àëòàé Ôàëüêîí» óêàçûâàåò, ÷òî íå ïðîäàâàë ñîêîëîâ, îäíàêî íà 58 ïòèö (èç íèõ 11 êðå÷åòîâ) ýêñïîðò áûë îôîðìëåí. Ò. ê. èç äðóãèõ ïèòîìíèêîâ ðåãèîíà äàííûå îá ýêñïîðòå íå áûëè ïîëó÷åíû, áåç ïðèâëå÷åíèÿ äîïîëíèòåëüíîé èíôîðìàöèè íåâîçìîæíî âûÿñíèòü, êåì âûâîçèëèñü äàííûå ïàðòèè. Èçâåñòíî òàêæå, ÷òî â 2005 ã. «Àëòàé Ôàëüêîí» âûâîçèë ñâîè îôîðìëåííûå ïàðòèè ÷åðåç Ìîñêâó – áûëî îôîðìëåíî ðàçðåøåíèå íà âûâîç 110 ïòèö. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ìîæíî ñäåëàòü ñëåäóþùèå âûâîäû:

1. Ñ 2000 ã. ëåãàëüíûé ýêñïîðò â ðåãèîíå âîçðàñòàë. 2. Ïðåäïîëîæèòåëüíî, äàííûé ýêñïîðò áûë îáåñïå÷åí äåÿòåëüíîñòüþ èçâåñòíûõ ïèòîìíèêîâ, è äîëÿ ïèòîìíèêà «Àëòàé Ôàëüêîí» â ëåãàëüíîì ýêñïîðòå çíà÷èòåëüíà (íå ìåíåå 70%). 3. Îòñóòñòâèå äàííûõ â ðåãèîíàëüíûõ Ðîñïðèðîäíàäçîðàõ îá ýêñïîðòå äðóãèìè ïèòîìíèêàìè óêàçûâàåò, ÷òî, âîçìîæíî, ýêñïîðò ïðîõîäèë ñ íàðóøåíèåì ïðàâèë îôîðìëåíèÿ äîêóìåíòîâ èëè äàæå ïî ïîääåëüíûì äîêóìåíòàì (÷òîáû ýòî óòâåðæäàòü, íåîáõîäèìî ïîëó÷èòü äàííûå èç Àäìèíèñòðàòèâíîãî îðãàíà ÑÈÒÅÑ â Ðîññèè). 4. Îñîáîå âíèìàíèå ïðèâëåêàåò ïàðòèÿ 20 áàëîáàíîâ â àïðåëå 2004 ã.; ýòè ñðîêè îòëè÷àþòñÿ îò ñðîêîâ ïðîäàæè åæåãîäíîãî ïðèïëîäà ïèòîìíèêàìè – âîçìîæíî, ÷òî òóò èìåë ìåñòî âûâîç îòëîâëåííûõ ïòèö (âîçìîæíî, çèìíèõ êðå÷åòîâ) ïî ïîäëîæíûì äîêóìåíòàì, ÷òî òîæå òðåáóåò ïðîâåðêè. 5. Äîñòîâåðíûõ ñâåäåíèé î ëåãàëüíîé äîáû÷å â ïðèðîäå ñîêîëîâ â óêàçàííûé ïåðèîä íå áûëî îáíàðóæåíî. Àíàëèç ðåçóëüòàòîâ àíêåòèðîâàíèÿ ðåãèîíàëüíûõ ýêñïåðòîâ Ìû ñ÷èòàåì, ÷òî 28 îòîáðàííûõ àíêåò ïðåäñòàâëÿþò âûáîðêó íàèáîëåå àêòèâíîé ÷àñòè ñïåöèàëèñòîâ (è íàñåëåíèÿ), êîòîðûå ñ áîëüøèì âíèìàíèåì îòíîñÿòñÿ ê èíôîðìàöèè â ñôåðå ñîêîëèíîãî áèçíåñà. Â äàííîé âûáîðêå â ðàâíîé ìåðå ïðåäñòàâëåíû ñïåöèàëèñòû ðàçíûõ ñôåð äåÿòåëüíîñòè (ðèñ. 2). Â òî æå âðåìÿ ðåãèîíû ïî ÷èñëó ñïåöèàëèñòîâ ïðåäñòàâëåíû êðàéíå íåðàâíîçíà÷íî (ðèñ. 3). Ýòî ñâÿçàíî, â ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü, ñ ìàëûì êîëè÷åñòâîì ñïåöèàëèñòîâ â óäàë¸ííûõ ðåãèîíàõ è çàòðóäí¸ííîñòüþ êîíòàêòà ñ íèìè. Òåì íå ìåíåå, ìû ñî÷ëè âîçìîæíûì ïî íåêîòîðûì ïîêàçàòåëÿì ïðîâåñòè ñðàâíåíèå ñèòóàöèè â òð¸õ ÷àñòÿõ ìàêðî-ðåãèîíà: Àëòàéñêàÿ (ÀÊ è ÐÀ), Ñàÿíñêàÿ (ÊÊ, ÐÕ, ÐÒ) è Ïðèáàéêàëüñêàÿ (ÈðÎ). Áîëüøèíñòâî ðåñïîíäåíòîâ (37,74%, n=53) óêàçàëè, ÷òî îíè èìåþò ñâåäåíèÿ î ñëó÷àÿõ «ñîêîëèíûõ» çàäåðæàíèé èç ñëóæåáíîé èíôîðìàöèè (ðèñ. 4), îäíàêî äàëåêî íå âñå ñïåöèàëèñòû Ðîñïðèðîäíàäçîðîâ, îõîòíàäçîðîâ, óíèâåðñèòåòîâ, çàïîâåäíèêîâ âëàäåþò êàêîé-ëèáî èíôîðìàöèåé ïî òåìå (èõ îòâåòû íå âîøëè â âûáîðêó). Ñ äðóãîé ñòîðîíû, íèçêèé ïðîöåíò îòâåòîâ «Óçíàë èíôîðìàöèþ èç ïðåññû» (11,32%) îòðàæàåò òî, ÷òî â ðåãèîíàëüíîé ïðåññå êðàéíå ðåäêî îñâåùàåòñÿ äàííàÿ òåìà. Âûñîêèé ïðîöåíò îòâåòîâ «Áûë ñâè-

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 8

Ðèñ. 2. Ñôåðû äåÿòåëüíîñòè àíêåòèðîâàííûõ ñïåöèàëèñòîâ (n=28) Fig. 2. Occupations of questioned specialists (n=28) 1 – ñïåöèàëèñòû-áèîëîãè ãîñ. îðãàíèçàöèé / biologists of state organization 2 – ñïåöèàëèñòû ïðèðîäîîõðàííûõ ãîñ. îðãàíèçàöèé / conservationists of state organizations 3 – ñïåöèàëèñòû ïðèðîäîîõðàííûõ ÍÊÎ / specialists of NGO 4 –îõîòîâåäû è èíñïåêòîðà / hunt inspectors

Ðèñ. 3. Ïðåäñòàâëåííîñòü àíêåòèðîâàííûõ ñïåöèàëèñòîâ ïî ðåãèîíàì (n=28) Fig. 3. Representation of questioned specialists in regions (n=28) 1 – Àëòàéñêèé êðàé / Altai Kray 2 – Ðåñïóáëèêà Àëòàé / Altai Republic 3 – Êðàñíîÿðñêèé êðàé / Krasnoyarsk Kray 4 – Ðåñïóáëèêà Õàêàñèÿ / Khakasiya Republic 5 – Ðåñïóáëèêà Òûâà / Tuva Republic 6 – Èðêóòñêàÿ îáëàñòü / Irkutsk district

Ðèñ. 4. Èñòî÷íèêè ïîëó÷åíèÿ èíôîðìàöèè ðåñïîíäåíòàìè (n= 53) Fig. 4. Sources of giving the information by respondents (n= 53) 1 – ïðåññà / press 2 – ñëóæåáíàÿ èíôîðìàöèÿ, ñâÿçàííàÿ ñ ðàáîòîé / business information 3 – îò çíàêîìûõ / from friends 4 – áûë ñâèäåòåëåì ëè÷íî / I was a witness personally

Îõðàíà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ äåòåëåì ëè÷íî» (22,64%) ïîêàçûâàåò, ÷òî ñïåöèàëèñòû, ïðîÿâëÿþùèå àêòèâíîñòü â äàííîì âîïðîñå, äîñòàòî÷íî ÷àñòî ñòàëêèâàþòñÿ ñî ñëó÷àÿìè íåçàêîííîé äîáû÷è ñîêîëîâ. Äàííûé ïîêàçàòåëü òàêæå õàðàêòåðèçóåò âûáîðêó ðåñïîíäåíòîâ, êàê âåñüìà èíôîðìèðîâàííóþ â äàííîì âîïðîñå. Âûñîêèé ïðîöåíò îòâåòîâ «Óçíàë èíôîðìàöèþ îò çíàêîìûõ» (28,30%) ñâèäåòåëüñòâóþò î òîì, ÷òî èíôîðìàöèÿ äîñòàòî÷íî øèðîêî ðàñõîäèòñÿ â óñòíîì âèäå, ÷òî óêàçûâàåò íà îñâåäîìëåííîñòü íàñåëåíèÿ â ýòîì âîïðîñå. 1. Èçìåíåíèå ñèòóàöèè ñ íåëåãàëüíûì ëîâîì ñîêîëîâ Îñíîâíàÿ ìàññà ñïåöèàëèñòîâ (85,71%, n=28) ñ÷èòàþò, ÷òî îòëîâ ñîêîëîâ ïîëó÷èë ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå îêîëî 10 ëåò íàçàä (ðèñ. 5), 10,71% ñïåöèàëèñòîâ (èç Ñàÿíñêîé ÷àñòè) óêàçàëè, ÷òî íåëåãàëüíûé ëîâ ïîëó÷èë ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå íåñêîëüêî ëåò íàçàä ïðè òîì, ÷òî â Àëòàéñêîé ÷àñòè ýòîò ïóíêò íèêòî íå îòìåòèë, à îäèí ñïåöèàëèñò óêàçàë, ÷òî îòëîâ ñóùåñòâîâàë ñ äàâíèõ ïîð. ×óòü ìåíåå ïîëîâèíû ñïåöèàëèñòîâ óêàçàëè, ÷òî îòëîâ ñîêîëîâ â öåëîì ïî ìàêðîðåãèîíó â òå÷åíèå ïîñëåäíèõ 5 ëåò áûë è îñòà¸òñÿ ðåäêèì, íî ðåãóëÿðíûì (40,75% – 3–5 ëåò íàçàä, 44,44% – 2–3 ãîäà íàçàä, n=27). Äëÿ ïîñëåäíèõ 2–3-õ ëåò 37,04% (n=27) ðåñïîíäåíòîâ íàçûâàþò ýòî ÿâëåíèå îáû÷íûì è òîëüêî 18,52% – êðàéíå ðåäêèì, òîãäà êàê äëÿ ñèòóàöèè 3–5 ëåò íàçàä ýòè öèôðû ñîñòàâëÿþò 55,55% è 3,7%, ñîîòâåòñòâåííî (ðèñ. 6). Òàêîå ñîîòíîøåíèå îòâåòîâ ïîêàçûâàåò, ÷òî ñèòóàöèÿ â ðåãèîíå èçìåíèëàñü çà ïîñëåäíèå 5 ëåò: íåçàêîííûé îòëîâ ñîêîëîâ ñîêðàùàåòñÿ è èç îáû÷íîãî ÿâëåíèÿ ïåðåõîäèò â ðàçðÿä ðåäêîãî è êðàéíå ðåäêîãî. Îñîáåííî ýòî çàìåòíî ïî îòâåòàì ñïåöèàëèñòîâ èç Êðàñíîÿðñêîãî êðàÿ, Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ è Ðåñïóáëèêè Õàêàñèÿ (ðèñ. 7) – íàäî îòìåòèòü, ÷òî, ïî íàøèì äàííûì, èìåííî â ýòèõ ðåãèîíàõ ÷èñëåííîñòü áàëîáàíà â ïîñëåäíèå 10 ëåò ñîêðàòèëàñü äî ìèíèìóìà. Ðåñïîíäåíòû èç Ðåñïóáëèêè Àëòàé ñ÷èòàþò, ÷òî çà ïîñëåäíèå 5 ëåò îòëîâ ñîêîëîâ íà òåððèòîðèè ðåñïóáëèêè áûë è îñòà¸òñÿ îáû÷íûì ÿâëåíèåì – èìåííî çäåñü, ïî íàøèì äàííûì, âñå åù¸ ñîõðàíÿåòñÿ ãíåçäîâàÿ ãðóïïèðîâêà àëòàéñêèõ áàëîáàíîâ. Áîëåå ïîëîâèíû ñïåöèàëèñòîâ ñ÷èòàþò (57,14%, n=28), ÷òî îòëîâ â òå÷åíèå ïîñëåäíèõ 5 ëåò ñîêðàùàåòñÿ. Ïðè ýòîì 39,29% ñïåöèàëèñòîâ çàòðóäíèëèñü îòâåòèòü íà âîïðîñ î ñîêðàùåíèè èëè óâåëè÷åíèè ëîâà, ÷òî óêàçûâàåò íà îòñóòñòâèå äîñòîâåðíîé èíôîðìàöèè ïî ýòîìó âîï-

Raptors Conservation

Raptors Conservation 2007, 8

Àëòàéñêàÿ ÷àñòü / Altai

Ñàÿíñêàÿ Áàéêàëüñêèé ÷àñòü / Sayan ðåãèîí / Baikal region

Ðèñ. 5. Ïåðèîä ïîÿâëåíèÿ íåëåãàëüíîãî îòëîâà â òð¸õ ÷àñòÿõ ìàêðî-ðåãèîíà (n=28) Fig. 5. Period of appearances of illegal catching in the three parts of the region (n=28) 1 – â ïîñëåäíèå ãîäû / last years 2 – îêîëî 10 ëåò íàçàä / about 10 years ago 3 – ñ äàâíèõ ïîð / for a long time

Ëîâ 3–5 ëåò íàçàä

Ëîâ â ïîñëåäíèå 2–3 ãîäà

Ðèñ. 6. Èçìåíåíèå ñèòóàöèè ñ íåëåãàëüíûì ëîâîì ñîêîëîâ â ìàêðî-ðåãèîíå çà ïîñëåäíèå 5 ëåò (n=27) Fig. 6. Changing of the illegal catching of falcons in the macro-region during last 5 years (n=27) 1 – êðàéíå ðåäêî / extremely rarely 2 – ðåäêî, íî ðåãóëÿðíî / rarely, but regularly 3 – áûëî îáû÷íûì ÿâëåíèåì / was a usual occurrence

ÀÊ

ÐÀ

ÊÊ

ÐÕ

ÐÒ

11 12

ÈðÎ

Ðèñ. 7. Èçìåíåíèå ñèòóàöèè ñ íåëåãàëüíûì ëîâîì ñîêîëîâ ïî ðåãèîíàì çà ïîñëåäíèå 5 ëåò (n=27): 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 – 3–5 ëåò íàçàä, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 – â ïîñëåäíèå 2–3 ãîäà. Îáîçíà÷åíèÿ ðåãèîíîâ ñîîòâåòñòâóþò îáîçíà÷åíèÿì íà ðèñ. 1. Fig. 7. Changing of the illegal catching of falcons in regions during last 5 years (n=27): 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 – 3–5 years ago, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 – during last 2–3 years. Signs of the regions are the similar on the fig. 1.

ðîñó – ýòî ìîæåò áûòü ñâÿçàíî ñ áîëåå îñòîðîæíûì ïîâåäåíèåì ëîâöîâ, êîãäà îòñóòñòâóþò äàæå ñëóõè î ëîâå. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, íåëåãàëüíûé îòëîâ ñîêîëîâ ïîëó÷èë ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå â Ñàÿíñêîé ÷àñòè ðåãèîíà íåñêîëüêèìè ãîäàìè ïîçæå, ÷åì â Àëòàéñêîé. Ïîñëåäíèå 5 ëåò ñïåöèàëèñòû ðàçíûõ ÷àñòåé ðåãèîíà îòìå÷àþò ñíèæåíèå íåëåãàëüíîãî ëîâà è ïåðåõîäà ýòîãî ÿâëåíèÿ â ðàçðÿä ðåäêîãî è êðàéíå ðåäêîãî, îäíàêî ïîñëåäíåå ìîæåò áûòü ñâÿçàíî ñ îòñóòñòâèåì äîñòîâåðíîé èíôîðìàöèè. Î÷åâèäíî îäíî: íàáëþäàåòñÿ ñïàä àæèîòàæà ñðåäè ìåñòíîãî íàñåëåíèÿ. 2. Èçìåíåíèå ÷èñëà ãðóïï ëîâöîâ çà ïîñëåäíèå 5 ëåò Íà ðèñ. 8 ïðåäñòàâëåíû ðåçóëüòàòû îöåíêè ðåñïîíäåíòàìè ÷èñëà ãðóïï, äåéñòâîâàâøèõ íà òåððèòîðèè ìàêðî-ðåãèîíà 3–5 ëåò íàçàä è â ïîñëåäíèå 2–3 ãîäà. Ñîãëàñíî ïîëó÷åííûì äàííûì, 5 ëåò íàçàä â êàæäîé ÷àñòè ðåãèîíà ìîãëî ïðîìûøëÿòü â ñðåäíåì ïî 7–8 ãðóïï, à â ïîñëåäíèå 2–3 ãîäà – ïî 3–4 ãðóïïû. Ò.å. ïî ìíåíèþ îòâåòèâøèõ ñïåöèàëèñòîâ (n=11), ñ 2001 ã. ê 2005 ã. ÷èñëî ãðóïï â ìàêðî-ðåãèîíå ñîêðàòèëîñü ïðèìåðíî âäâîå – ñ 15 äî 7–8. Îöåíêó ïî Èðêóòñêîé îáëàñòè äàë òîëüêî îäèí ñïåöèàëèñò – îí óêàçàë óìåíüøåíèå ÷èñëà ãðóïï çà äàííûé ïåðèîä ñ 10 äî 3–5. 3. Ñîñòàâ ëîâöîâ è ñêóïùèêîâ, îðãàíèçàöèÿ ëîâà Áîëüøèíñòâî ðåñïîíäåíòîâ (76,67%, n=29) óêàçàëè, ÷òî íåçàêîííûì ëîâîì çàíèìàþòñÿ ïðèåçæèå ëîâöû, îïèðàþùèåñÿ íà ïîìîùü ìåñòíûõ æèòåëåé; 39,29% (n=28) ðåñïîíäåíòîâ îòâåòèëè, ÷òî â ðåãèîíå ðàñïðîñòðàíåíà íåëåãàëüíàÿ ñêóïêà ñîêîëîâ. Àðàáñêèå ãîñóäàðñòâà, êàê ñòðàíû ïðîèñõîæäåíèÿ ëîâöîâ è ñêóïùèêîâ, â ÷àñòíîñòè ÎÀÝ, Ñèðèÿ, Èîðäàíèÿ, Ñàóäîâñêàÿ Àðàâèÿ, óêàçûâàþò ïðàêòè÷åñêè âñå ðåñïîíäåíòû (51,86%, n=54), òàêæå âûäåëÿåòñÿ Êàâêàçñêèé ðåãèîí – 16,66% (Àçåðáàéäæàí è ×å÷íÿ) è Ñðåäíÿÿ Àçèÿ – 12,96%. Ïî îäíîìó óïîìèíàíèþ â àíêåòàõ ïðèõîäèòñÿ íà Êèòàé, Ìîíãîëèþ è Óêðàèíó. Îêîëî 12,97% îòâåòîâ óêàçûâàþò ïðèåçæèõ ëîâöîâ èç äðóãèõ ðåãèîíîâ Ðîññèè (ðèñ. 9). Åñëè â îòâåòàõ ðåñïîíäåíòîâ èç Àëòàéñêîé ÷àñòè ðåãèîíà (n=30) â ðàâíîé ñòåïåíè óêàçûâàþòñÿ âûõîäöû èç àðàáñêèõ ñòðàí (46,66%) è Ñðåäíåé Àçèè è Êàâêàçà (40,00%), òî äëÿ Ñàÿíñêîé ÷àñòè (n=21)

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 8

Îõðàíà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ 1) ïðèåçæèé ëîâåö (êàê ïðàâèëî, ðå÷ü èä¸ò î ñèðèéöàõ) æåíèòñÿ íà ìåñòíîé æåíùèíå, ïîëó÷àåò ãðàæäàíñòâî è ïðîïèñêó, à ïîòîì èç ãîäà â ãîä ïðèíèìàåò «äðóçåé» èç Ñèðèè; 2) âûõîäåö èç Ñðåäíåé Àçèè èëè Êàâêàçà ïîëó÷àåò ïðîïèñêó â ðåñïóáëèêå, ïîêóïàåò ñêîòîâîä÷åñêóþ ôåðìó è óñòðàèâàåò íà íåé ìåñòî äëÿ ïåðåäåðæêè ñîêîëîâ.

Àëòàéñêàÿ ÷àñòü ìàêðî-ðåãèîíà / Altai part of the macro-region

Ñàÿíñêàÿ ÷àñòü ìàêðî-ðåãèîíà / Sayan part of the macro-region

Ðèñ. 8. Èçìåíåíèå êîëè÷åñòâà ãðóïï ëîâöîâ çà ïîñëåäíèå 5 ëåò â Àëòàéñêîé ÷àñòè ìàêðî-ðåãèîíà (n=6) è â Ñàÿíñêîé ÷àñòè ìàêðî-ðåãèîíà (n=5) Fig. 8. Changing of numbers of poacher teams in the Altai part of the macro-region (n=6) and Sayan part of the macro-region (n=5) during last 5 years 1 – áîëåå 10 ãðóïï / more then 10 poacher teams 2 – îêîëî 10 ãðóïï / about 10 poacher teams 3 – 3–5 ãðóïï / 3–5 poacher teams 4 – 1–2 ãðóïïû / 1–2 poacher teams

âûõîäöû èç àðàáñêèõ ñòðàí â 3 ðàçà ïðåâûøàþò ñòðàíû Ñðåäíåé Àçèè è Êàâêàçà – 57,16% è 19,03% ñîîòâåòñòâåííî. Êðîìå òîãî, ðåñïîíäåíòû èç Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ è Êðàñíîÿðñêîãî êðàÿ îòäåëüíî óêàçûâàþò ñòóäåíòîâ-èíîñòðàíöåâ, êàê êàòåãîðèþ ëèö, ñïåöèàëüíî ïîñòóïàþùèõ â ó÷åáíûå çàâåäåíèÿ Áàðíàóëà è Êðàñíîÿðñêà, ÷òîáû îðãàíèçîâûâàòü íåëåãàëüíûé ñîêîëèíûé áèçíåñ â ýòèõ ðåãèîíàõ. Ñïåöèàëèñòû Õàêàñèè ïðèâåëè äâà îïèñàíèÿ óñòîé÷èâîé ðàáîòàþùåé ñõåìû îðãàíèçàöèè ëîâà:

4. Ìåñòà îòëîâà ñîêîëîâ Â îòâåò íà âîïðîñ îá èçâåñòíûõ èì ìåñòàõ ëîâà ñïåöèàëèñòû, êàê ïðàâèëî, íàçûâàëè àäìèíèñòðàòèâíûå ðàéîíû ñâîèõ ðåãèîíîâ. Íà îñíîâàíèè ýòèõ äàííûõ áûëà ñîñòàâëåíà êàðòà ðàéîíîâ ñ óêàçàíèåì ÷èñëà âñòðå÷ ëîâöîâ (ðèñ. 10). Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ìàêñèìàëüíûé ëîâ íàáëþäàåòñÿ íà âñåé ñòåïíîé òåððèòîðèè Õàêàñèè, Ìîíãóí-Òàéãèíñêîì ðàéîíå Òûâû, Êîø-Àãà÷ñêîì ðàéîíå Ðåñïóáëèêè Àëòàé, à òàêæå â ïðåäãîðíûõ ñòåïÿõ Àëòàÿ: Êóðüèíñêîì, Òðåòüÿêîâñêîì, Ïåòðîïàâëîâñêîì, Áûñòðîèñòîêñêîì, Ñìîëåíñêîì, Çìåèíîãîðñêîì, Ëîêòåâñêîì è Óñòü-Ïðèñòàíñêîì ðàéîíàõ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ. 5. Ìåñòà ïåðåäåðæêè, ìåòîäû ëîâëè è òðàíñïîðòèðîâêè ñîêîëîâ Ðåñïîíäåíòû èç Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ, Ðåñïóáëèê Àëòàé è Õàêàñèÿ (29,63%, n=27) óêàçàëè, ÷òî çíàþò î íàëè÷èè ìåñò ïåðåäåðæêè ñîêîëîâ â èõ ðåãèîíàõ.

Ðèñ. 9. Ñîñòàâ ëîâöîâ (n=54): A) âî âñ¸ì ìàêðî-ðåãèîíå, B) â Àëòàéñêîé ÷àñòè (n=30), C) â Ñàÿíñêîé ÷àñòè (n=21), D) â Áàéêàëüñêîì ðåãèîíå (n=3) Fig. 9. National structure of poachers (n=54): A) in the whole macro- region;B) in the Altai part (n=30); C) in the Sayan part (n=21); D) in the Baikal region (n=3) 1 – Àðàáñêèå ñòðàíû / Arabian States 2 – Ñðåäíÿÿ Àçèÿ / Middle Asia 3 – Àçåðáàéäæàí / Azerbaijan 4 – ×å÷íÿ / Chechen 5 – ðàçíûå ðåãèîíû Ðîññèè / different Russian regions 6 – Óêðàèíà / Ukraine 7 – Êèòàé / China 8 – Ìîíãîëèÿ / Mongolia

Raptors Conservation

Raptors Conservation 2007, 8

Ðèñ. 10. Ïðåññ ëîâöîâ â ðàçíûõ ðàéîíàõ ÀëòàåÑàÿíñêîãî ýêîðåãèîíà: êîëè÷åñòâî âñòðå÷ ëîâöîâ ïî äàííûì àíêåòèðîâàíèÿ ñïåöèàëèñòîâ. B – ãðàíèöû ñòðàí, Ñ – ãðàíèöû îáëàñòåé, D – âîäî¸ìû, E – ãðàíèöû ýêîðåãèîíà Fig. 10. Pressure of poaching in the different refions of the Altai-Sayan ecoregion: number of observed poachers following the data of questionnaire. B – state borders, Ñ – district borders, D – water bodies, E – ecoregion border

1 5

1 4

Îäíàêî íåñêîëüêî ðåñïîíäåíòîâ óòî÷íèëè, ÷òî óêàçûâàòü èçâåñòíûå ìåñòà áåññìûñëåííî, ò. ê. ïòèö ïåðåäåðæèâàþò íà ïàñòóøüèõ ñòîÿíêàõ è ôåðìàõ ñêîòîâîäîâ, êîòîðûõ â ðåãèîíå ìíîæåñòâî è êîòîðûå ðåãóëÿðíî ìåíÿþòñÿ. Ïðàêòè÷åñêè âñå ðåñïîíäåíòû óêàçàëè â êà÷åñòâå îñíîâíîãî ìåòîäà îòëîâà ñîêîëîâ – íà ãîëóáÿ â æèëåòå ñ ïåòëÿìè (83,34%, n=30). Ïîìèìî ýòîãî ìåòîäà, èñïîëüçóþòñÿ îïàäíàÿ ñåòü (13,33%) è òàéíèê (ëó÷îê) (3,33%). Îäèí ðåñïîíäåíò èç Ðåñïóáëèêè Àëòàé ñîîáùèë, ÷òî ïòèö ëîâÿò òàêæå íà ñóñëèêà. Áîëüøèíñòâî îïðîøåííûõ (77,79% îòâåòîâ, n=36) óêàçûâàþò, ÷òî äëÿ ëîâëè èñïîëüçóþòñÿ àâòîìîáèëè ïîâûøåííîé ïðîõîäèìîñòè. Êðîìå òîãî, â 19,44% îòâåòîâ óêàçûâàåòñÿ èñïîëüçîâàíèå ëîøàäåé (â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå, Ðåñïóáëèêå Àëòàé è Êðàñíîÿðñêîì êðàå). Îäèí ðåñïîíäåíò èç Ðåñïóáëèêè Àëòàé îòìåòèë èñïîëüçîâàíèå ìîòîöèêëîâ. Äëÿ òðàíñïîðòèðîâêè è âûâîçà ñîêîëîâ èç ðåãèîíîâ ëîâà èñïîëüçóþòñÿ àâòîìîáèëè, êîòîðûå ÿâëÿþòñÿ îñíîâíûì ñïîñîáîì âûâîçà ïàðòèé ñîêîëîâ âî âñåõ ðåãèîíàõ (40,48% îòâåòîâ, n=42), 28,57% îòâåòîâ ïðèõîäèòñÿ íà âûâîç ÷åðåç àýðîïîðòû (âî âñåõ ðåãèîíàõ, êðîìå Õàêàñèè è Òûâû), 26,19% – æåëåçíîäîðîæíûì òðàíñïîðòîì (Àëòàéñêèé êðàé è Ðåñïóáëèêà Àëòàé, Êðàñíîÿðñêèé êðàé) è òîëüêî 4,76% – âûâîç ðåéñîâûìè àâòîáóñàìè (Ðåñïóáëèêè Àëòàé è Òûâà) (ðèñ. 11). 6. Ñïðîñ íà ðàçíûõ ïòèö Îñíîâíûì âèäîì, êîòîðûé îòëàâëèâàåòñÿ âî âñ¸ì ðåãèîíå, ÿâëÿåòñÿ áàëîáàí – 58,14% (n=43), â 2 ðàçà ìåíüøå îòâåòîâ ïðèøëîñü íà ñàïñàíà – 27,91% è òîëüêî 13,95% – íà êðå÷åòà (åãî îòìåòèëè ñïåöè-

àëèñòû èç Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ, Ðåñïóáëèêè Àëòàé è Èðêóòñêîé îáëàñòè). Ñïåöèàëèñòû óêàçûâàþò, ÷òî íàèáîëåå ðàñïðîñòðàí¸í îòëîâ âçðîñëûõ ïòèö (47,06% îòâåòîâ, n=51), ÷óòü ìåíåå – îòëîâ ìîëîäûõ (35,29%), 15,69% îòâåòîâ ïðèøëîñü íà èçúÿòèå ïòåíöîâ èç ãí¸çä è òîëüêî 1 ðåñïîíäåíò (1,96%) óêàçàë ñáîð ÿèö. Íà âîïðîñ î ñïðîñå íà ïîë – 90,48% (n=21) óêàçàëè, ÷òî ñïðîñîì ïîëüçóþòñÿ ñàìêè, è 9,52% – ñàìöû. 7. Öåíû íà ñîêîëîâ Íà âîïðîñ î öåíàõ íà ñîêîëîâ íå îòâåòèë íè îäèí ðåñïîíäåíò. 8. Îöåíêà åæåãîäíîãî âûëîâà ïî âèäàì Íà ðèñ. 12 ïðèâåäåíû ðåçóëüòàòû îöåíêè ñïåöèàëèñòàìè åæåãîäíîãî âûëîâà ïî âèäàì. Èñõîäÿ èç îòâåòîâ íà ýòîò âîïðîñ, ìû ñî÷ëè âîçìîæíûì îöåíèòü èçúÿòèå ñîêîëîâ âî âñ¸ì Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîì ðåãèîíå Ðèñ. 11. Ñïîñîáû âûâîçà ñîêîëîâ èç ðåãèîíîâ ëîâà (n=42) Fig. 11. Methods of falcon transporting (n=42) 1 – àâèàöèÿ / aviation 2 – æåëåçíàÿ äîðîãà / by rail train 3 – ðåéñîâûå àâòîáóñû / regular buses 4 – àâòîìîáèëè / vehicles

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 8

Îõðàíà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

(áåç ó÷¸òà äàííûõ ïî Èðêóòñêîé îáëàñòè). Êàæäûé ñïåöèàëèñò äåëàë îöåíêó âûëîâà äëÿ ñâîåãî ðåãèîíà. Ò. ê. Õàêàñèÿ è þã Êðàñíîÿðñêîãî êðàÿ ïðåäñòàâëÿþò ñîáîé îäíó ãåîãðàôè÷åñêóþ òåððèòîðèþ â ïëàíå ëîâà ñîêîëîâ, îòâåòû ñïåöèàëèñòîâ èç ýòèõ ðåãèîíîâ áûëè îáúåäèíåíû â îäíó ãðóïïó. Èçúÿòèå áàëîáàíà â äåñÿòêàõ îöåíèâàþò 70% ðåñïîíäåíòîâ èç Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ (n=10), 100% èç Ðåñïóáëèêè Àëòàé (n=4), 100% èç Ðåñïóáëèêè Òûâà (n=1), 100% èç Êðàñíîÿðñêîãî êðàÿ è Ðåñïóáëèêè Õàêàñèÿ (n=7). Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ñîãëàñíî îòâåòàì, äåñÿòêè áàëîáàíîâ âûëàâëèâàþòñÿ â êàæäîé èç 4-õ òåððèòîðèé ëîâà – òî åñòü, â öåëîì, áîëåå ñîòíè áàëîáàíîâ â ãîä. Âûëîâ ñàïñàíà â åäèíèöàõ îöåíèâàþò 100% ðåñïîíäåíòîâ èç Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ (n=6), 100% èç Ðåñïóáëèêè Àëòàé (n=1), 28,57% èç Êðàñíîÿðñêîãî êðàÿ è Ðåñïóáëèêè Õàêàñèÿ (n=7); â äåñÿòêàõ – 100% èç Ðåñïóáëèêè Òûâà (n=1), 71,43% èç Êðàñíîÿðñêîãî êðàÿ è Ðåñïóáëèêè Õàêàñèÿ. Ñëåäîâàòåëüíî, îáùåå êîëè÷åñòâî âûëàâëèâàåìûõ åæåãîäíî ñàïñàíîâ ìîæíî îöåíèòü â íåñêîëüêî äåñÿòêîâ, âîçìîæíî, ÷óòü ìåíåå 100 ïòèö. Äëÿ êðå÷åòà ïðîáëåìàòè÷íî ñäåëàòü òàêóþ îöåíêó, ò.ê. åãî îòìåòèëè âñåãî 8 ðåñïîíäåíòîâ: âûëîâ â åäèíèöàõ óêàçàëè 4 ðåñïîíäåíòà èç Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ è ïî îäíîìó èç Ðåñïóáëèê Àëòàé è Òûâà è èç Êðàñíîÿðñêîãî êðàÿ, â äåñÿòêàõ – îäèí ðåñïîíäåíò èç Ðåñïóáëèêè Àëòàé. Ñëåäîâàòåëüíî, îáùåå êîëè÷åñòâî âûëîâëåííûõ êðå÷åòîâ ìîæíî î÷åíü óñëîâíî îöåíèòü â íåñêîëüêî äåñÿòêîâ ïòèö â ãîä (20–30 ïòèö). 9. Âëèÿíèå ëîâà íà ïîïóëÿöèè Áîëüøàÿ ÷àñòü ñïåöèàëèñòîâ ñ÷èòàþò, ÷òî íåçàêîííûé îòëîâ âëèÿåò îòðèöàòåëüíî â öåëîì ïî ðåãèîíó (50%, n=22), ïî÷òè òàêîå æå êîëè÷åñòâî (45,45%) – îòðèöàòåëü-

Ðèñ. 12. Îöåíêà åæåãîäíîãî âûëîâà áàëîáàíà (Falco cherrug) (n=24), ñàïñàíà (Falco peregrinus) (n=16) è êðå÷åòà (Falco rusticolus) (n=9)

– äåñÿòêè / tens birds

– åäèíèöû / single birds

Fig. 12. Estimation of the annual catching of Sakers (Falco cherrug) (n=24), Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus) (n=16) and Gyrfalcons (Falco rusticolus) (n=9) Falco cherrug

Falco peregrinus

Falco rusticolus

íî â îòäåëüíûõ ìåñòàõ. È òîëüêî 1 ñïåöèàëèñò (4,55%) èç Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ óêàçàë, ÷òî çàìåòíîãî âëèÿíèÿ íåò. Î ñîñòîÿíèè ÷èñëåííîñòè áàëîáàíà ìíåíèÿ ðàçäåëèëèñü: 47,1% (n=17) óêàçûâàþò, ÷òî ÷èñëåííîñòü ïàäàåò, 47,1% – ñòàáèëüíà, òîëüêî 1 ðåñïîíäåíò (5,9%) èç Ðåñïóáëèêè Õàêàñèÿ óêàçàë óâåëè÷åíèå ÷èñëåííîñòè (ðèñ. 13). Àíàëèç îòâåòîâ ïî ðåãèîíàì ïîêàçàë, ÷òî â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå (n=6) ÷èñëåííîñòü áàëîáàíà ñêîðåå ñòàáèëüíà èëè óìåíüøàåòñÿ (ïî 50% îòâåòîâ), â Ðåñïóáëèêå Àëòàé ïî äàííûì 2-õ ðåñïîíäåíòîâ íàáëþäàåòñÿ ïàäåíèå ÷èñëåííîñòè áàëîáàíà, íàïðîòèâ, â Êðàñíîÿðñêîì êðàå (n=4) ñòàáèëüíóþ ÷èñëåííîñòü óêàçàëè â 3 ðàçà áîëüøå ñïåöèàëèñòîâ, ÷åì å¸ óìåíüøåíèå (75% ïðîòèâ 25%), à 2 îòâåòèâøèõ ðåñïîíäåíòà èç Ðåñïóáëèêè Õàêàñèÿ äàëè ïîëíîñòüþ ïðîòèâîïîëîæíûå îòâåòû (÷èñëåííîñòü ïàäàåò è ðàñò¸ò). Ñîñòîÿíèå ÷èñëåííîñòè ñàïñàíà â ìàêðî-ðåãèîíå áîëüøèíñòâî ñïåöèàëèñòîâ (èç âñåõ ðåãèîíîâ, êðîìå Õàêàñèè) îöåíèâàþò êàê ñòàáèëüíîå – 78,6% (n=14), 2 ñïåöèàëèñòà èç Õàêàñèè è Êðàñíîÿðñêîãî êðàÿ (14,3%) óêàçàëè ðîñò è òîëüêî 1 ñïåöèàëèñò èç Õàêàñèè (7,1%) óêàçàë å¸ óìåíüøåíèå (ðèñ. 13). Äîñòîâåðíîñòü äàííûõ ïî êðå÷åòó ìàëà – âñåãî 7 îòâåòîâ, ïðè òîì, ÷òî êðå÷åò – ðåäêî çèìóþùèé âèä â ðåãèîíå, è èññëåäîâàíèé ïî ó÷¸òó åãî ÷èñëåííîñòè â ïîñëåäíèå ãîäû íèêòî íå ïðîâîäèò. Ìíåíèÿ ñïåöèàëèñòîâ ðàçäåëèëèñü: 42,9% (n=7) óêàçûâàþò óìåíüøåíèå ÷èñëåííîñòè, 57,1% – ñòàáèëüíóþ ÷èñëåííîñòü (ðèñ. 13). Èññëåäîâàòåëü èç Èðêóòñêîé îáëàñòè îòìåòèë, ÷òî â ïîïóëÿöèÿõ ñîêîëîâ, ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ â Ïðèáàéêàëüå, èçìåíÿåòñÿ ïîëîâîå ñîîòíîøåíèå â ñòîðîíó ïðåîáëàäàíèÿ ÷èñëà ñàìöîâ íàä ÷èñëîì ñàìîê – ýòî ïðîèñõîäèò, ñêîðåå âñåãî, èç-çà îòëîâà íà ìèãðàöèîííûõ ïóòÿõ èëè çèìîâêàõ âíå ðåãèîíà, à íå íà ãíåçäîâüÿõ. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, îáùåå ñîñòîÿíèå ÷èñëåííîñòè ïîïóëÿöèé â ìàêðî-ðåãèîíå ìîæíî îöåíèòü êàê ñòàáèëüíîå òîëüêî äëÿ ñàïñàíà, à äëÿ áàëîáàíà è êðå÷åòà îíà ïðîäîëæàåò óìåíüøàòüñÿ. Íåêîòîðàÿ ñòàáèëèçàöèÿ ÷èñëåííîñòè îòìå÷àåòñÿ äëÿ ïîïóëÿöèé áàëîáàíà â Õàêàñèè è íà þãå Êðàñíîÿðñêîãî êðàÿ, òîãäà êàê äëÿ Ãîðíîãî Àëòàÿ îäíîçíà÷íî óêàçûâàåòñÿ å¸ óìåíüøåíèå. Äëÿ îöåíêè ñîñòîÿíèÿ ìèãðèðóþùåãî êðå÷åòà íåîáõîäèìî ïðîâåäåíèå ñïåöèàëüíûõ èññëåäîâàíèé – ñïåöèàëèñòû â ðåãèîíàõ, êàê ïðàâèëî, íå âëàäåþò èíôîðìàöèåé î í¸ì.

Raptors Conservation

Raptors Conservation 2007, 8

Ðèñ. 13. Îöåíêà äèíàìèêè ÷èñëåííîñòè ïîïóëÿöèé áàëîáàíà (n=17), ñàïñàíà (n=14), êðå÷åòà (n=7) Fig. 13. Estimation of population trends of Sakers (n=17), Peregrine Falcons (n=14) and Gyrfalcons (n=7) 1 – ÷èñëåííîñòü ðàñò¸ò / increasing trend 2 – ÷èñëåííîñòü ñòàáèëüíà / stable trend 3 – ÷èñëåííîñòü ïàäàåò / decreasing trend

Falco cherrug

Falco peregrinus

Falco rusticolus

10. Îòðàæåíèå ïðîáëåìû â ÑÌÈ è îòíîøåíèå íàñåëåíèÿ ðåãèîíà ê íåëåãàëüíîìó ëîâó ñîêîëîâ Îñíîâíàÿ ÷àñòü ðåñïîíäåíòîâ (76,92%, n=26) óêàçàëè, ÷òî ñîîáùåíèÿ â ÑÌÈ ïî ñîêîëèíîé ïðîáëåìå âñòðå÷àþòñÿ íå êàæäûé ãîä, 15,38% – íåñêîëüêî ðàç â ãîä (èç Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ, Ðåñïóáëèêè Àëòàé è Èðêóòñêîé îáëàñòè) è 7,69% ñ÷èòàþò, ÷òî íèêîãäà (èç Êðàñíîÿðñêîãî êðàÿ). Áîëüøèíñòâî ðåñïîíäåíòîâ (71,43%, n=28) ñ÷èòàþò, ÷òî ìåñòíûå æèòåëè, â öåëîì, çíàþò, ÷òî ñîêîëà ÿâëÿþòñÿ ðåäêèì îõðàíÿåìûì âèäîì, è èõ äîáû÷à íåçàêîííà. Òîëüêî 28,57% óêàçàëè, ÷òî ìàëî êòî çíàåò îá ýòîì. Âûñêàçàíî òàêæå ìíåíèå, ÷òî ëþäè, êîòîðûå ïîòåíöèàëüíî ìîãóò áûòü çàìåøàíû â îòëîâå, ïî áîëüøîìó ñ÷¸òó, íàä ýòèì ïðîñòî íå çàäóìûâàþòñÿ. 11. Íàêàçàíèå çàäåðæàííûõ ëîâöîâ è/ èëè ïåðåêóïùèêîâ Íà ýòîò âîïðîñ îòâåòèëè òîëüêî 12 ðåñïîíäåíòîâ. Áîëüøèíñòâî óêàçûâàþò, ÷òî èì èçâåñòåí 1 ñëó÷àé, êîãäà ëîâöû ïîíåñëè íàêàçàíèå. Ïî îäíîìó îòâåòó ïðèøëîñü íà 2 è 3 ñëó÷àÿ, 2 îòâåòà – èçâåñòíî íåñêîëüêî ñëó÷àåâ è 1 – èçâåñòíî ìíîãî òàêèõ ñëó÷àåâ. Ñïåöèàëèñòû Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ óòî÷íÿþò, ÷òî øòðàôû ñìåõîòâîðíû, íàðóøèòåëè ïëàòÿò èõ íà ìåñòå; îáû÷íî ýòî ñóììà äî 1000 ðóá. çà íåçàêîííóþ îõîòó. Äàííûå íà èíîñòðàííûõ ãðàæäàí ïåðåäàþòñÿ â ÔÑÁ è, êàê ñ÷èòàåò ðåñïîíäåíò, âåäóò ê âûñûëêå çà ïðåäåëû ÐÔ. Îáû÷íî æå íàêàçàíèÿ íå áûâàåò (íå ñ÷èòàÿ êîíôèñêàöèè ïòèö è ñíàñòåé ïðè çàäåðæàíèè). Îäèí èç ñïåöèàëèñòîâ Àëòàÿ íàçûâàåò óãîëîâíîå äåëî ïî ñëó÷àþ çàäåðæàíèÿ â Êîø-Àãà÷ñêîì ð-íå â 2005 ã. Ñïåöèàëèñòàì Êðàñíîÿðñêîãî êðàÿ èçâåñòåí ñëó÷àé íàëîæåíèÿ øòðàôà çà íåçàêîííîå íàõîæäåíèå â ïîãðàíçîíå. Ñïåöèàëèñò èç Ðåñïóáëèêè Òûâà íàçûâàåò ñëó÷àé, êîãäà íàðóøèòåëü áûë îñóæä¸í ñî ñðîêîì ëèøåíèÿ ñâîáîäû 1 ãîä è ïîçæå áûë îòïóùåí ïî àìíèñòèè.

Â Ðåñïóáëèêå Õàêàñèÿ íàçûâàþò ñëó÷àé, êîãäà â Êðàñíîÿðñêå 3 ãðàæäàíèíà ÎÀÝ áûëè îñóæäåíû óñëîâíî. Ñïåöèàëèñòû Èðêóòñêîé îáëàñòè óêàçûâàþò, ÷òî îáû÷íî íàëàãàþòñÿ øòðàôû äî 1000 ðóá. ñ ÷åëîâåêà, êîãäà óäà¸òñÿ îáíàðóæèòü îðóäèÿ ëîâà. À â ÿíâàðå 2005 ã. çàäåðæàííûé ñàìèì ðåñïîíäåíòîì ëîâåö ïîëó÷èë 1 ãîä óñëîâíî. Èç ïîëó÷åííûõ îòâåòîâ ìîæíî ñóäèòü òîëüêî î òîì, ÷òî âîçáóæä¸ííûå ïðè çàäåðæàíèè ëîâöîâ äåëà, êàê àäìèíèñòðàòèâíûå, òàê è óãîëîâíûå, êðàéíå ñëàáî îñâåùàþòñÿ â ïðåññå. Âîçìîæíî, ýòî ïðîèñõîäèò ïîòîìó, ÷òî îíè ðåäêî çàêàí÷èâàþòñÿ íàêàçàíèåì çàäåðæàííûõ – ÷àùå èõ îòïóñêàþò, íàëîæèâ ìèíèìàëüíûé àäìèíèñòðàòèâíûé øòðàô. Âñå îòâåòèâøèå ñïåöèàëèñòû ïðåíåáðåæèòåëüíî îòçûâàþòñÿ î «ñòðîãîñòè» íàêàçàíèé, êîãäà îíè âñ¸ æå áûëè íàëîæåíû, êîòîðûå äàæå îòäàë¸ííî íå ïîêðûâàþò óñèëèé èíñïåêòîðîâ, ïîòðà÷åííûõ íà êàæäîå çàäåðæàíèå. Àíàëèç ñëó÷àåâ çàäåðæàíèÿ íàðóøèòåëåé ïðè îòëîâå èëè òðàíñïîðòèðîâêå ñîêîëîâ Âñåãî â õîäå èññëåäîâàíèÿ ñîáðàíà èíôîðìàöèÿ î 64-õ ñëó÷àÿõ çàäåðæàíèé ñ 1996 ã. ïî 2006 ã., çà èñêëþ÷åíèåì èíôîðìàöèè î 38 ñëó÷àÿõ çàäåðæàíèÿ ëèö ñ îðóäèÿìè ëîâà â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå, â ñâÿçè ñ îòñóòñòâèåì äàò è ïîäðîáíîñòåé, îäíàêî, îíà ó÷èòûâàëèñü ïðè îáðàáîòêå äàííûõ è âûâîäàõ. Îñíîâíîé óïîð áûë ñäåëàí íà ïåðèîäå 2000–2006 ãã.; äî 2000 ã. áûëà íàéäåíà èíôîðìàöèÿ òîëüêî îá 11 ñëó÷àÿõ – ýòî ñâÿçàíî, â îñíîâíîì, ñ «óñòàðåâàíèåì» èíôîðìàöèè. Âñå ñëó÷àè çàäåðæàíèÿ áûëè îòñîðòèðîâàíû ïî ðåãèîíàì è ðàéîíàì ñ óêàçàíèåì ÷èñëà èçúÿòûõ ïòèö â òåõ ñëó÷àÿõ, êîãäà ýòî èçâåñòíî (òàáë. 2), ïî ñïîñîáó çàäåðæàíèÿ â ðàçíûõ ðåãèîíàõ (òàáë. 3), ïî ãîäàì ñ óêàçàíèåì êîëè÷åñòâà çàäåðæàííûõ ïòèö (òàáë. 4) è ìåñÿöàì (òàáë. 5) – òå ñëó÷àè, äëÿ êîòîðûõ èçâåñòåí ìåñÿö. Áîëüøîå êîëè÷åñòâî çàäåðæàíèé íà Äàëüíåì Âîñòîêå (òàáë. 2) îòðàæàåò ñïðîñ íà äàëüíåâîñòî÷íûõ êðå÷åòîâ. Ñëó÷àè çàäåðæàíèé â Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîì ðåãèîíå óêàçûâàþò íà ïðèîðèòåòíûå ðåãèîíû ëîâà: Àëòàéñêèé êðàé, Ðåñïóáëèêà Àëòàé, Ðåñïóáëèêà Õàêàñèÿ, Ðåñïóáëèêà Òûâà è Ðåñïóáëèêà Áóðÿòèÿ. Ïî êîëè÷åñòâó çàäåðæàíèé â êàæäîì ðåãèîíå ìîæíî ñóäèòü îá àêòèâíîñòè êàê ëîâöîâ, òàê è ïðèðîäîîõðàííûõ ñòðóêòóð, âîçìîæíî, áîëåå îïðåäåëåííî èìåííî îá àêòèâíîñòè ïîñëåäíèõ.

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 8

Îõðàíà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

Òàáë. 2. Êîëè÷åñòâî ñëó÷àåâ çàäåðæàíèé è ÷èñëî èçúÿòûõ ïòèö ïî ðåãèîíàì è ðàéîíàì Table 2. The number of poacher arrests and the number of confiscated birds in the regions and districts

Ðåãèîí Region

Êîë-âî ñëó÷àåâ Number of events

Êîë-âî ïòèö* Number of birds* âñåãî ñ 2000 ã. total since 2000

Äàëüíèé Âîñòîê Far East

107(11)

Åâðîïà Europe

Ðåñïóáëèêà Àëòàé Altai Republic

Àëòàéñêèé êðàé Altai Kray

Íîâîñèáèðñê Novosibirsk Êðàñíîÿðñê Krasnoyarsk Ðåñïóáëèêà Õàêàñèÿ Khakasia Republic

157(15)

31 (4)

13 (2)

100(9)

121(11)

28(3)

5(1)

50(3)

3(2)

9(1)

21(4)

Ðåñïóáëèêà Òûâà Tuva Republic Áàéêàëüñêèé ðåãèîí Baikal region

Êèðãèçèÿ Kirgizia

20(2)

130 (2)

20(2)

127(1)

Ðàéîí, ìåñòî Region, place

â òîì ÷èñëå: / including: Êàì÷àòêà / Kamchatka ×óêîòêà / Chukotka Ìàãàäàí / Magadan â òîì ÷èñëå: / including: Áàøêèðèÿ / Bashkiria Åêàòåðèíáóðã / Ekaterinburg Ìîñêâà / Moscow Ñî÷è / Sochi Ãðàíèöà ñ Óêðàèíîé / Ukraine Border Óêðàèíà / Ukraine â òîì ÷èñëå: / including: Êîø-Àãà÷ñêèé ð-í / Kosh-Agach region Óñòü-Êàíñêèé ð-í / Ust’-Kan region â òîì ÷èñëå: / including: Áàðíàóë / Barnaul Òðåòüÿêîâñêèé ð-í / Tretyakovskiy region Êðàñíîùåêîâñêèé ð-í / Krasnoshekovskiy region Ëîêòåâñêèé ð-í / Lokevskiy region

â òîì ÷èñëå: / including: Àáàêàí / Abakan Óñòü-Àáàêàíñêèé ð-í / Ust’-Abakan district çàñòàâà Ìóãóð-Àêñû / Mugur-Aksy frontier post â òîì ÷èñëå: / including: Áóðÿòèÿ / Buryatia Èðêóòñê / Irkutsk Áèøêåê / Bishkek

Êîë-âî Êîë-âî ïòèö* ñëó÷àåâ Number of Number of events birds*

7 4 1

57 (7) 37 (2) 10 (1)

1 2 6 1 2

3 (1) 9 (2) 50 (6) 16 (1) 12 (2)

67 (3)

28 (3)

3 (1)

2 1

13 (2)

2 1

4 (1) 1 (1)

3 2 2

16 (1) 4 (1) 130 (2)

* – â ñêîáêàõ óêàçàíî ÷èñëî ñëó÷àåâ, â êîòîðûõ èçâåñòíî êîëè÷åñòâî ïòèö / a number of events, when a number of birds was known, is in the brackets

Ôèãóðèðîâàíèå ðåãèîíàëüíûõ öåíòðîâ – Íîâîñèáèðñê, Áàðíàóë, Êðàñíîÿðñê, Èðêóòñê – óêàçûâàåò, ÷òî ÷åðåç íèõ èä¸ò âûâîç ñîêîëîâ èç Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîãî ðåãèîíà. Òî, ÷òî êîëè÷åñòâî çàäåðæàíèé â íèõ íåçíà÷èòåëüíî, ïîêàçûâàåò íà íåäîñòàòî÷íóþ àêòèâíîñòü ïðèðîäîîõðàííûõ ñòðóêòóð (â ò.÷. ïàòðóëüíûõ ñëóæá) è ñëîæíîñòü îòñëåæèâàíèÿ ïðîâîçà ÷åðåç òðàíçèòíûå ãîðîäà. Ñ 2000 ã. â Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîì ðåãèîíå áûëî èçúÿòî 66 ïòèö â 11 ñëó÷àÿõ. Ïðè ýòîì â Åâðîïåéñêîé ÷àñòè (âêëþ÷àÿ çàäåðæàíèÿ

íà Óêðàèíå) – 121 ïòèöà â 11 ñëó÷àÿõ, íà Äàëüíåì Âîñòîêå – 100 â 9-òè ñëó÷àÿõ. Â ñðåäíåì â ãîä – 13 ïòèö äëÿ Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîãî ðåãèîíà, 24 – äëÿ Åâðîïû, 20 – äëÿ Äàëüíåãî Âîñòîêà. (Áàéêàëüñêèé ðåãèîí, â ñâÿçè ñ íåïîëíûìè äàííûìè î ñëó÷àÿõ çàäåðæàíèÿ, â îöåíêó íå âêëþ÷åí.) Ðàçìåð ñðåäíåé ïàðòèè ñîñòàâëÿåò 6–11 ïòèö. Îäíàêî, ýòî äàëåêî íå ïîëíàÿ âûáîðêà ðåàëüíûõ ñëó÷àåâ âûâîçà ñîêîëîâ. Ïî îöåíêå äàëüíåâîñòî÷íûõ òàìîæåííèêîâ, îáúåêòû êîíòðàáàíäû âèäîâ æèâîé ïðèðî-

Raptors Conservation

Raptors Conservation 2007, 8 äû çàäåðæèâàþòñÿ íå ÷àøå 1-ãî èç 10 ñëó÷àåâ. Èñïîëüçóÿ ýòó îöåíêó, ìîæíî ïðåäïîëîæèòü, ÷òî ðåàëüíî âûëàâëèâàåòñÿ îêîëî 130 ïòèö â Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîì ðåãèîíå, 200 – íà Äàëüíåì Âîñòîêå è åù¸ 240 ïòèö (10% êîòîðûõ çàäåðæèâàåòñÿ â Åâðîïå) äåëÿòñÿ ìåæäó âñåìè ðåãèîíàìè ëîâà. Ñîïîñòàâëåíèå äàííûõ òàáëèöû 2 è òàáëèöû 3 ïîêàçûâàåò, ÷òî áîëüøå âñåãî ñëó÷àåâ çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíî â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå áëàãîäàðÿ ðàáîòå èíñïåêöèé êðàåâîãî îõîòíàäçîðà (44 ñëó÷àÿ). Îäíàêî, â áîëüøèíñòâå èç íèõ áûëè çàäåðæàíû ëèöà ñ îðóäèÿìè ëîâà, íî áåç ñîêîëîâ, ëèáî íå óäàâàëîñü äîêàçàòü âèíó ëîâöîâ. Ïðàêòè÷åñêè âñå ýòè ñëó÷àè íå áûëè äîâåäåíû äî ñóäà – åñëè æå è áûëî íàêàçàíèå, òî çà íåçàêîííûé îòëîâ ãîëóáåé è íàðóøåíèÿ ïðàâèë îõîòû ñ àäìèíèñòðàòèâíûì øòðàôîì äî 1000 ðóá. Ïðè ýòîì èíôîðìàöèÿ îá ýòèõ ñëó÷àÿõ, êàê ïðàâèëî, íå îñâåùàëàñü â ÑÌÈ è íå èìåëà íèêàêîãî îáùåñòâåííîãî ðåçîíàíñà. Àíàëîãè÷íàÿ ñèòóàöèÿ íàáëþäàåòñÿ â Õàêàñèè – èç 12-òè çàäåðæàíèé 11 – çàñëóãà èíñïåêòîðîâ îõîòíàäçîðà.

Òàáë. 3. Ñâîäêà ñëó÷àåâ çàäåðæàíèÿ â ðàçíûõ ðåãèîíàõ, ðàíæèðîâàííàÿ ïî ìåñòó è õàðàêòåðó çàäåðæàíèÿ Table 3. Summary of events of arrests in different regions ranked on a place

Ñëåäóþùèì ïî êîëè÷åñòâó çàäåðæàíèé âûäåëÿþòñÿ çàäåðæàíèÿ â àýðîïîðòàõ ïðè îôîðìëåíèè ðåéñîâ è ïîñàäêå â ñàìîë¸òû, êîòîðûå èìåþò ñàìóþ øèðîêóþ ãåîãðàôèþ: ýòî ïðàêòè÷åñêè âñå çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûå ñëó÷àè çàäåðæàíèÿ â Åâðîïå (Ìîñêâà, Åêàòåðèíáóðã, Ñî÷è, Óêðàèíà) è êðóïíûõ ãîðîäàõ Ñèáèðè – 3 ñëó÷àÿ çàäåðæàíèÿ â Íîâîñèáèðñêå, 1 – â Áàðíàóëå, 1 – â Èðêóòñêå. Ëèäèðóþò çàäåðæàíèÿ íà Äàëüíåì Âîñòîêå è â Ìîñêâå. Îòìå÷àåòñÿ î÷åíü íèçêèé ïîêàçàòåëü çàäåðæàíèé â ïîåçäàõ: 1 – â Áàðíàóëå è 2 – ïðè ïåðåñå÷åíèè ãðàíèöû ñ Óêðàèíîé, â Áåëãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè. Îäíàêî ýòè çàäåðæàíèÿ äîñòîâåðíî óêàçûâàþò íà ðåãóëÿðíûé êàíàë âûâîçà ñèáèðñêèõ ïòèö ÷åðåç Óêðàèíó. Âñåãî 2 ñëó÷àÿ çàäåðæàíèÿ ïðîèçîøëè íà àâòîìîáèëüíûõ òðàññàõ â Ðåñïóáëèêå Àëòàé è ïîä Ìîñêâîé. Òàêæå 2 ñëó÷àÿ çàôèêñèðîâàíû íà ãðàíèöå, îäèí èç êîòîðûõ (Áóðÿòèÿ) áûë ñäåëàí ïðè ïåðåñå÷åíèå òàìîæåííîãî ïîñòà íà àâòîìîáèëüíîì òðàíñïîðòå è äðóãîé (Ãîðíûé Àëòàé) – ïîãðàíè÷íîé ñëóæáîé, ïðè çàäåðæàíèè íà-

Ìåñòî çàäåðæàíèÿ Places of arrest

Êîëè÷åñòâî ñëó÷àåâ Number of events

Ðåãèîí Region

Â ïðèðîäå / Nature

Àýðîïîðò / Airport

Ïîåçä / Train

Øîññå / Highway

Ãîñãðàíèöà / State border

Àâèàáàçà / Air base Ñïîñîá íå èçâåñòåí / Unknown

1 5

Àëòàéñêèé êðàé / Altai Kray Õàêàñèÿ / Republic of Khakasia Ðåñïóáëèêà Àëòàé / Altai Republic Áóðÿòèÿ / Republic of Buryatia Èðêóòñê / Irkutsk Êðàñíîÿðñê / Krasnoyarsk Òûâà / Tyva Äàëüíèé Âîñòîê / Far East Ìîñêâà / Moscow Åêàòåðèíáóðã / Ekaterinburg Íîâîñèáèðñê / Novosibirsk Áàðíàóë / Barnaul Èðêóòñê / Irkutsk Ñî÷è / Sochi Óêðàèíà / Ukraine Õàêàñèÿ / Republic of Khakasia Ñðåäíÿÿ Àçèÿ / Middle Asia Áàðíàóë / Barnaul Ãðàíèöà ñ Óêðàèíîé / Ukraine Border Ðåñïóáëèêà Àëòàé / Altai Republic Ìîñêâà / Moscow Ðåñïóáëèêà Àëòàé / Altai Republic Áóðÿòèÿ / Republic of Buryatia Ñðåäíÿÿ Àçèÿ / Middle Asia Äàëüíèé Âîñòîê / Far East Áàøêèðèÿ / Republic of Bashkiria Óêðàèíà / Ukraine

Êîëè÷åñòâî ñëó÷àåâ Number of events 42 11 4 2 1 1 1 10 5 2 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 8

Îõðàíà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

ðóøèòåëÿ ãîñóäàðñòâåííîé ãðàíèöû. Òàêæå èìååòñÿ èíôîðìàöèÿ î çàäåðæàíèÿ ëîâöîâ íà ïîãðàíçàñòàâàõ, êîãäà ïîãðàíè÷íèêè èíôîðìàöèþ îá èíöèäåíòå íèêóäà íå ñîîáùàëè, à ïòèö âûïóñêàëè íà ìåñòå. Åñëè ðàññìàòðèâàòü âûáîðêó ïî ãîäàì (òàáë. 4), íàáëþäàåòñÿ ðåçêèé ñïàä ÷èñëà çàäåðæàíèé â 2003 ã. (5 ñëó÷àåâ ïîñëå 12 â 2002 ã.) è ñíîâà ïîäú¸ì â 2004–05 ãã. Ýòîò ñïàä ïîñëå 2002 ã. óêàçûâàþò òàêæå ñïåöèàëèñòû – îíè ñâÿçûâàþò åãî ñ òåððàêòîì 11 ñåíòÿáðÿ è âîéíàìè â Àôãàíèñòà-

íå è Èðàêå. Òåì íå ìåíåå, â Ñèáèðè ïîñëå ïèêà 2002 ã. (8 ñëó÷àåâ) èä¸ò ïîñòåïåííûé ñïàä äî 1 ñëó÷àÿ â 2005 ã. Ìîæíî ëè íà ýòèõ äàííûõ ñäåëàòü âûâîä î ïàäåíèè ëîâà â Àëòàå-Ñàÿíàõ? Îáùèé ïîäú¸ì çàäåðæàíèé â 2004–05 ãã. ïðîèñõîäèò çà ñ÷¸ò Äàëüíåãî Âîñòîêà. Ñïàä óðîâíÿ ñèáèðñêèõ çàäåðæàíèé è óâåëè÷åíèå èõ êîëè÷åñòâà íà Äàëüíåì Âîñòîêå îò÷àñòè óêàçûâàåò íà óâåëè÷åíèå ñïðîñà íà êðå÷åòà, îò÷àñòè – íà ñïàä àêòèâíîñòè ïðèðîäîîõðàííûõ ñòðóêòóð â Ñèáèðè. Ïîñëåäíåå

Òàáë. 4. Ñâîäêà çàäåðæàíèé ïî ãîäàì â ðàçíûõ ðåãèîíàõ ñ óêàçàíèåì êîëè÷åñòâà çàäåðæàííûõ ïòèö (äëÿ òåõ ñëó÷àåâ, êîãäà ýòî èçâåñòíî) Table 4. Summary of arrests on years in different regions with confiscated bird numbers (for that events, when it was known)

Ãîä Year

Êîëè÷åñòâî ñëó÷àåâ Number of events

Êîëè÷åñòâî ïòèö * Number of birds *

Ðåãèîí (êîë-âî ñëó÷àåâ) Region (number of events)

Ðàéîí, ìåñòî Region, place

1996 1997 1998

2 1 3

3 (2) 43 (1) 23 (3)

ÐÀ / Altai Republic Íîâîñèáèðñê / Novosibirsk Êàì÷àòêà / Kamchatka Ñî÷è / Sochi

1999

31 (4)

Ñèáèðü / Siberia Ñèáèðü (1) / Siberia (1) ÄÂ / Far East Åâðîïà / Europe Åâðîïà / Europe Ñèáèðü (1) / Siberia (1) Ñð.Àçèÿ / Middle Asia Åâðîïà / Europe ÄÂ / Far East Ñèáèðü (7) / Siberia (7)

2000

22 (6)

2001

50 (6)

ÄÂ / Far East Åâðîïà / Europe Ñèáèðü (6) / Siberia (6)

2002

57 (7)

ÄÂ / Far East Åâðîïà / Europe Ñèáèðü (8) / Siberia (8)

2003

13 (2)

2004

191 (6)

Åâðîïà / Europe Ñèáèðü (4) / Siberia (4) Åâðîïà / Europe ÄÂ / Far East Ñèáèðü (3) / Siberia (3)

2005

101 (3)

Ñð. Àçèÿ / Middle Asia Åâðîïà / Europe ÄÂ / Far East Ñèáèðü (1) / Siberia (1)

Áàðíàóë / Barnaul Áèøêåê / Bishkek

ÐÀ / Altai Republic Íîâîñèáèðñê / Novosibirsk Õàêàñèÿ / Republic of Khakasia Àíàäûðü / Anadyr Ìîñêâà / Moscow Áóðÿòèÿ / Republic of Buryatia Êðàñíîÿðñê / Krasnoyarsk Íîâîñèáèðñê / Novosibirsk Õàêàñèÿ / Republic of Khakasia Êàì÷àòêà / Kamchatka Óêðàèíà / Ukraine ÐÀ / Altai Republic Õàêàñèÿ / Republic of Khakasia Òûâà / Republic of Tyva Áóðÿòèÿ / Republic of Buryatia Èðêóòñê / Irkutsk ÀÊ / Altai Kray Óêðàèíà / Ukraine ÀÊ / Altai Kray ÐÀ / Altai Republic Õàêàñèÿ / Republic of Khakasia Áèøêåê / Bishkek

ÐÀ / Altai Republic

Êîëè÷åñòâî ïòèö* Number of birds *

3 (2) 43 (1) 7 (2) 16 (1) 20 (3) 8 (1) 3 (1) 6 (2) 3 (2) 8 (1) 1 (1) 4 (5) 1 23 (2) 1 9 (1) 2 (1) 16 (3) 15 (1) 21 (3) 1 1 (3) 1 16 (2) 4 (1) 8 (1) 5 (4) 12 (1) 51 (3) 1 1 (1) 1 127 (1) 51 (2) 31 (4) 19 (1)

Raptors Conservation Òàáë. 5. Ñâîäêà ñëó÷àåâ çàäåðæàíèé ïî ìåñÿöàì â ðàçíûõ ðåãèîíàõ Table 5. Summary of arrests on months in different regions

Raptors Conservation 2007, 8 Ìåñÿö Month

Êîëè÷åñòâî Ðåãèîí ñëó÷àåâ Region Number of events

Ðàéîí Areal, place

Èþëü / July

Ñèáèðü / Siberia

Àâãóñò / August

ÄÂ / Far East Åâðîïà / Europe Ñèáèðü / Siberia

Õàêàñèÿ / Republic of Khakasia ×óêîòêà / Chukotka

Ñåíòÿáðü / September

Îêòÿáðü / October

Íîÿáðü / November

Äåêàáðü / December

ßíâàðü / January Ôåâðàëü / February

1 3

ÐÀ / Altai Republic Õàêàñèÿ / Republic of Khakasia

Åâðîïà / Europe Ñèáèðü / Siberia

ÐÀ / Altai Republic ÀÊ / Altai Kray Íîâîñèáèðñê / Novosibirsk Õàêàñèÿ / Republic of Khakasia

ÄÂ / Far East Åâðîïà / Europe Ñèáèðü / Siberia

Ñð. Àçèÿ / Middle Asia ÄÂ / Far East Åâðîïà / Europe Ñèáèðü / Siberia Ñð. Àçèÿ / Middle Asia ÄÂ / Far East Åâðîïà / Europe Ñèáèðü / Siberia Ñèáèðü / Siberia Åâðîïà / Europe Ñèáèðü / Siberia

ïîäòâåðæäàåòñÿ äàííûìè ñïåöèàëèñòîâ: â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå ïîñëå î÷åðåäíîé ðåñòðóêòóðèçàöèè îõîòíàäçîðà â 2004 ã. åãî ðóêîâîäñòâî îòíîñèòñÿ ê ïðîáëåìå ëîâà êàê ê íåíóæíîé îáóçå. Â Ðåñïóáëèêå Õàêàñèÿ ÀÍÎ «Ñàÿíñêèé ñîêîë» ïîñëå 2003 ã. ïðàêòè÷åñêè ïðåêðàòèëî ñâîþ äåÿòåëüíîñòü â ñâÿçè ñ îòñóòñòâèåì ôèíàíñèðîâàíèÿ, äðóãèå æå ïðèðîäîîõðàííûå îðãàíèçàöèè íè÷åì íå ñòèìóëèðóþòñÿ íà ïðîäîëæåíèå àíòèáðàêîíüåðñêîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè. Â Ðåñïóáëèêå Àëòàé çàäåðæàííûé â àâãóñòå 2005 ã. íàðóøèòåëü îòïóùåí íà ñâîáîäó – äåëî çàêðûòî â ñâÿçè ñ «äåÿòåëüíûì ðàñêàÿíèåì ïîäñóäèìîãî» – ÷òî óêàçûâàåò íà êîððóìïèðîâàííîñòü ìåñòíûõ ãîñóäàðñòâåííûõ îðãàíîâ è îòñóòñòâèå êîíòðîëÿ çà ïðîöåññîì ñî ñòîðîíû òàìîæíè è ÔÑÁ. Àíàëèç çàäåðæàíèé ïî ìåñÿöàì (òàáë. 5) ïîêàçûâàåò, ÷òî ñ ìàðòà ïî èþëü çàäåðæà-

Êðàñíîÿðñê / Krasnoyarsk Õàêàñèÿ / Republic of Khakasia Áóðÿòèÿ / Republic of Buryatia Áèøêåê / Bishkek

Êîëè÷åñòâî ñëó÷àåâ Number of events 1 1 2 3 5 4 2 3 1 1 2 3 1 1

Íîâîñèáèðñê / Novosibirsk ÀÊ / Altai Kray

1 1 4 2 1 1 1 3 3 1 1

Ìîñêâà / Moscow ÀÊ / Altai Kray Íîâîñèáèðñê / Novosibirsk

1 1 1

ÐÀ / Altai Republic Èðêóòñê / Irkutsk Áèøêåê / Bishkek Êàì÷àòêà / Kamchatka

íèÿ ïðîñòî îòñóòñòâóþò, ïèê íà÷èíàåòñÿ â àâãóñòå è äåðæèòñÿ äî äåêàáðÿ. ßíâàðñêèå è ôåâðàëüñêèå ñëó÷àè – â ïîåçäå Áàðíàóë – Ìîñêâà, 2 ñëó÷àÿ â Íîâîñèáèðñêîì àýðîïîðòó è áàãàæ, ïî îøèáêå ïîïàâøèé â Ãåðìàíèþ – áûëè ñâÿçàíû, ñêîðåå âñåãî, ñ íåëåãàëüíîé äåÿòåëüíîñòüþ ïèòîìíèêîâ è/ èëè çàïîçäàëîé ïàðòèåé äàëüíåâîñòî÷íûõ êðå÷åòîâ; èçúÿòèå ñîêîëà â Õàêàñèè, ñîäåðæàùåãîñÿ â íåâîëå, íå ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñåçîííûì.

Âûâîäû 1. Â Ðîññèè è ñîïðåäåëüíûõ ãîñóäàðñòâàõ íà÷èíàåò ðàçâèâàòüñÿ âíóòðåííèé ðûíîê ñîêîëîâ, ñâÿçàííûé ñ ïîïóëÿðíîñòüþ ýòèõ ïòèö ñðåäè ëþáèòåëåé, â êîòîðîì íà ñåãîäíÿøíèé äåíü íå ñïðîñ îïðåäåëÿåò ïðåäëîæåíèå, à íàîáîðîò, ëîâöû ñîêîëîâ ðàçâèâàþò ñïðîñ âíóòðè ñòðàíû.

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 8 2. Ïîëó÷åííûå îòâåòû èç Óïðàâëåíèé Ðîñïðèðîäíàäçîðà â öåëîì óêàçûâàþò íà òî, ÷òî äàííûå ñòðóêòóðû, êàê ðåãèîíàëüíûå, òàê è ôåäåðàëüíîå, íå îòñëåæèâàþò îáîðîò õèùíûõ ïòèö, âêëþ÷¸ííûõ â Êðàñíóþ êíèãó ÐÔ è Ïðèëîæåíèÿ ÑÈÒÅÑ, à òàêæå ñîñòîÿíèå äåë ñ ïðîáëåìîé èõ íåëåãàëüíîãî âûëîâà. Ëåãàëüíûé îòëîâ ïî ðàçðåøåíèÿì â Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîì ðåãèîíå ïîëíîñòüþ îòñóòñòâóåò óæå ìíîãî ëåò. Ðàçðîçíåííûå ñëó÷àè çàäåðæàíèÿ íàðóøèòåëåé íå ñèñòåìàòèçèðîâàíû è íå èñïîëüçóþòñÿ â ðàáîòå îïåðàòèâíûõ ñëóæá. Îñíîâíûå çàäåðæàíèÿ â ðåãèîíå â ïîñëåäíèå ãîäû áûëè ñäåëàíû èíñïåêòîðàìè îõîòíàäçîðà, îäíàêî ñ 2004 ã. ýòà äåÿòåëüíîñòü íå âõîäèò â èõ êîìïåòåíöèþ. 3. Ëåãàëüíûé ýêñïîðò â ðåãèîíå ñ 2000 ã. ïî 2005 ã. âîçðàñòàë – îò 40 â 2000 ã. äî 110 â 2004 ã. ïòèö â ãîä. Îí áûë îáåñïå÷åí, â îñíîâíîì, äåÿòåëüíîñòüþ èçâåñòíûõ ïèòîìíèêîâ, è äîëÿ ïèòîìíèêà «Àëòàé Ôàëüêîí» â ëåãàëüíîì ýêñïîðòå çíà÷èòåëüíà. 4. Ñïåöèàëèñòû èç ðàçíûõ ÷àñòåé ðåãèîíà îòìå÷àþò ñíèæåíèå íåëåãàëüíîãî ëîâà çà ïîñëåäíèå 5 ëåò è ïåðåõîäà ýòîãî ÿâëåíèÿ â ðàçðÿä ðåäêîãî è êðàéíå ðåäêîãî, îäíàêî, ïîñëåäíåå ìîæåò áûòü ñâÿçàíî ñ îòñóòñòâèåì äîñòîâåðíîé èíôîðìàöèè. 5. Îñíîâíîé âèä, êîòîðûé îòëàâëèâàåòñÿ âî âñ¸ì ðåãèîíå – áàëîáàí; çíà÷èòåëüíî ìåíüøå öåíèòñÿ ñàïñàí, êðå÷åò – ðåäêèé îòëàâëèâàåìûé âèä, ÷òî ñâÿçàíî â áîëüøåé ñòåïåíè ñ òåì, ÷òî îí òîëüêî ìèãðèðóåò â ðåãèîíå. 6. Åæåãîäíûé íåëåãàëüíûé îòëîâ ñîêîëîâ â ðåãèîíå ñîñòàâëÿåò îêîëî 200 ïòèö (îêîëî ñîòíè áàëîáàíîâ, íåñêîëüêî äåñÿòêîâ ñàïñàíîâ è 20–30 êðå÷åòîâ). 7. Îöåíî÷íî ñ 2001 ã. ê 2005 ã. êîëè÷åñòâî ãðóïï ëîâöîâ â ìàêðî-ðåãèîíå ñîêðàòèëîñü ïðèìåðíî âäâîå – ñ 15 ãðóïï äî 7–8. 8. Íåçàêîííûì ëîâîì â ðåãèîíå çàíèìàþòñÿ ïðèåçæèå ëîâöû, îïèðàþùèåñÿ íà ïîìîùü ìåñòíûõ æèòåëåé. Îñíîâíàÿ ìàññà ëîâöîâ – ïðåäñòàâèòåëè àðàáñêèõ ñòðàí, Êàâêàçà è Ñðåäíåé Àçèè. Â ëîâå ó÷àñòâóþò òàêæå ñòóäåíòû-èíîñòðàíöû ÂÓÇîâ Êðàñíîÿðñêà è Áàðíàóëà è ïîëó÷èâøèå ãðàæäàíñòâî âûõîäöû èç Ñèðèè è ñòðàí Ñðåäíåé Àçèè è Êàâêàçà. 9. Ëîâ â Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîì ðåãèîíå íàáëþäàåòñÿ íà âñåé ãîðíî-ñòåïíîé òåððèòîðèè, à òàêæå â ïðåäãîðíûõ ñòåïÿõ Àëòàÿ. Îñîáåííî âûäåëÿþòñÿ Êîø-Àãà÷ñêèé ðàéîí Ðåñïóáëèêè Àëòàé, Ìèíóñèíñêàÿ êîòëîâèíà Ðåñïóáëèêè Õàêàñèÿ è ïðåäãîðíûå ðàéîíû Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ.

Îõðàíà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ 10. Íàèáîëåå ðàñïðîñòðàí¸ííûé ìåòîä ëîâëè – íà ãîëóáÿ ñ ïåòëÿìè. Äëÿ ëîâëè èñïîëüçóþòñÿ ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî àâòîìîáèëè ïîâûøåííîé ïðîõîäèìîñòè. Ñîêîëà ïåðåäåðæèâàþòñÿ äî âûâîçà èç ðåãèîíà íà ñòîÿíêàõ è ôåðìàõ ñêîòîâîäîâ, êîòîðûõ â ðåãèîíå ìíîæåñòâî è êîòîðûå ðåãóëÿðíî ìåíÿþòñÿ. Äëÿ âûâîçà ñîêîëîâ èç ðåãèîíîâ ëîâà èñïîëüçóåòñÿ ëè÷íûé àâòîòðàíñïîðò, ëèáî âûâîç îñóùåñòâëÿåòñÿ ÷åðåç àýðîïîðòû.

Ìîëîäîé áàëîáàí. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà The juvenile of the Saker Falcon. Photo by I. Karyakin

11. Îáùåå ñîñòîÿíèå ÷èñëåííîñòè ïîïóëÿöèé â ìàêðî-ðåãèîíå ìîæíî îöåíèòü êàê ñòàáèëüíîå òîëüêî äëÿ ñàïñàíà, à äëÿ áàëîáàíà è êðå÷åòà îíà ïðîäîëæàåò óìåíüøàòüñÿ. Íåêîòîðàÿ ñòàáèëèçàöèÿ ÷èñëåííîñòè îòìå÷àåòñÿ äëÿ ïîïóëÿöèé áàëîáàíà â Õàêàñèè è íà þãå Êðàñíîÿðñêîãî êðàÿ, òîãäà êàê äëÿ Ãîðíîãî Àëòàÿ îäíîçíà÷íî óêàçûâàåòñÿ å¸ óìåíüøåíèå. 12. Âíèìàíèå ê ñîêîëèíîé ïðîáëåìå ÑÌÈ óäåëÿåòñÿ êðàéíå ìàëî. Ïðàêòè÷åñêè íå ïîëó÷àåò ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ èíôîðìàöèÿ î äîâåäåíèè äåë äî ñóäà è î íàêàçàíèè íàðóøèòåëåé. 13. Êîëè÷åñòâî ñëó÷àåâ çàäåðæàíèé ëîâöîâ è ïåðåâîç÷èêîâ â Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîì ðåãèîíå óêàçûâàåò íà ñëåäóþùèé ïðèîðèòåò â ðåãèîíàõ ëîâà: 1) Àëòàéñêèé êðàé, 2) Ðåñïóáëèêà Àëòàé, 3) Ðåñïóáëèêà Õàêàñèÿ, 4) Ðåñïóáëèêà Áóðÿòèÿ è 5) Ðåñïóáëèêà Òûâà. 14. Âûâîç ñîêîëîâ èç Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîãî ðåãèîíà èä¸ò ÷åðåç àäìèíèñòðàòèâíûå öåíòðû – Íîâîñèáèðñê, Áàðíàóë, Êðàñíîÿðñê, Èðêóòñê, îäíàêî êîëè÷åñòâî çàäåð-

Raptors Conservation

Raptors Conservation 2007, 8 æàíèé â íèõ íåçíà÷èòåëüíî ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñ êîëè÷åñòâîì çàäåðæàíèé ëîâöîâ â ðåãèîíàõ, ÷òî óêàçûâàåò íà íåäîñòàòî÷íóþ àêòèâíîñòü ïðèðîäîîõðàííûõ ñòðóêòóð è ñëîæíîñòü îòñëåæèâàíèÿ ïðîâîçà ÷åðåç òðàíçèòíûå ãîðîäà. 15. Ñàìûé ïðîäóêòèâíûé ñïîñîá çàäåðæàíèÿ ëîâöîâ â ðåãèîíàõ – ðàáîòà èíñïåêöèé îõîòíàäçîðà, îäíàêî èìåííî ýòè ñëó÷àè ïðàêòè÷åñêè íèêîãäà íå äîâîäèëèñü äî íàêàçàíèÿ íàðóøèòåëåé çà îòëîâ êðàñíîêíèæíûõ âèäîâ. 16. Óâåëè÷åíèå êîëè÷åñòâà çàäåðæàíèé ê 2006 ã. íà Äàëüíåì Âîñòîêå ïðè îäíîâðåìåííîì óìåíüøåíèè â Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîì ðåãèîíå â áîëüøåé ñòåïåíè îòðàæàåò èçìåíåíèå àêòèâíîñòè ïðèðîäîîõðàííûõ ñòðóêòóð, ÷åì èìååò îòíîøåíèå ê ðåàëüíîìó óðîâíþ ëîâà. 17. Ñåçîííûé ïèê âûâîçà ñîêîëîâ íà÷èíàåòñÿ â àâãóñòå è äåðæèòñÿ, íå ñïàäàÿ, äî äåêàáðÿ.

Çàêëþ÷åíèå Â öåëîì ïî Ðîññèè íåëåãàëüíàÿ ñîñòàâëÿþùàÿ ñîêîëèíîãî áèçíåñà ñóùåñòâåííî ïðåâîñõîäèò å¸ ëåãàëüíóþ ÷àñòü. Íà ôîíå ïîëíîé íåñïîñîáíîñòè ãîñîðãàíîâ êîíòðîëèðîâàòü è ïðåäîòâðàùàòü íåëåãàëüíûé áèçíåñ, îòñóòñòâóåò ïîääåðæêà è ìîòèâàöèÿ ëåãàëüíîãî, êîòîðûé ïîñòàâëåí íà ãðàíü âûæèâàíèÿ â íåðàâíîé êîíêóðåíòíîé áîðüáå ñ çàðóáåæíûìè ïèòîìíèêàìè è êîíòðàáàíäèñòàìè. Â Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîì ðåãèîíå îòëîâîì çàíèìàþòñÿ î÷åíü õîðîøî îðãàíèçîâàííûå è îñíàùåííûå ãðóïïû ëîâöîâ, êîòîðûå áûñòðî ðåàãèðóþò íà óñèëåíèå êîíòðîëÿ ïðèðîäîîõðàííûìè ñòðóêòóðàìè, äåéñòâèÿ êîòîðûõ, â îòëè÷èå îò ëîâöîâ, ïîëíîñòüþ ëèøåíû ãèáêîñòè. Ðîñïðèðîäíàäçîð, êàê ôåäåðàëüíûé, òàê è ðåãèîíàëüíûå óïðàâëåíèÿ, íå êîíòðîëèðóåò ñèòóàöèþ ñ ðåäêèìè âèäàìè è èõ íåëåãàëüíîé äîáû÷åé. Ñëó÷àè çàäåðæàíèÿ íàðóøèòåëåé – ýòî ðåäêîñòü, à äîâåäåíèå äåë äî ñóäà, à òåì áîëåå ïðèãîâîðà äî èñïîëíåíèÿ – ýêñêëþçèâ. Ó âñåõ çàäåéñòâîâàííûõ ñòðóêòóð îòñóòñòâóåò ìîòèâàöèÿ äëÿ ïðåäîòâðàùåíèÿ íåëåãàëüíîãî îòëîâà è âûâîçà ñîêîëîâ, â îñíîâíîì, èç-çà íèçêîé äåíåæíîé îöåíêè ñîêîëîâ ïî ðîññèéñêîìó çàêîíîäàòåëüñòâó, è, êàê ñëåäñòâèå, íèçêèõ øòðàôîâ çà íàðóøåíèÿ. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, íà ñåãîäíÿøíèé äåíü îòñóòñòâóåò ïåðñïåêòèâà âçÿòü ïîä ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé êîíòðîëü íåëåãàëüíóþ ñîñòàâëÿþùóþ ñîêîëèíîãî áèçíåñà, ò.ê. â ñòðàíå

ìåæäó ãîññòðóêóòðàìè íå ñóùåñòâóåò ñîãëàñîâàííîñòè â äåéñòâèÿõ. Èíòåãðàöèÿ ìåæäó ãîññòðóêòóðàìè âîçìîæíà ëèøü ñèëàìè íåêîììåð÷åñêîãî ñåêòîðà, äåÿòåëüíîñòü êîòîðîãî ñåé÷àñ òàêæå íå ïîääåðæèâàåòñÿ ãîñóäàðñòâîì.

Ðåêîìåíäàöèè 1. Íåîáõîäèìî ñîçäàíèå è ïîääåðæàíèå çàèíòåðåñîâàííîñòè ïðèðîäîîõðàííûõ ñòðóêòóð, òàìîæåí è ïîãðàíè÷íèêîâ â áîðüáå ñ îòëîâîì è âûâîçîì ñîêîëîâ. 2. Ñèëàìè îáùåñòâåííûõ îðãàíèçàöèé ïîääåðæàíèå äååñïîñîáíîñòè ãîññòðóêòóð â ðåãèîíå è èõ êîíñîëèäàöèþ â áîðüáå ñ íåëåãàëüíûì îòëîâîì. Â ÷àñòíîñòè, ñîçäàíèå ñïåöèàëèçèðîâàííûõ áðèãàä ïî áîðüáå ñ áðàêîíüåðñòâîì ñîêîëîâ â ðåãèîíå. 3. Ïðîâåäåíèå ðàáîòû ïî âíåñåíèþ ïîïðàâîê â ïðèðîäîîõðàííîå çàêîíîäàòåëüñòâî ÐÔ ñ öåëüþ óñèëåíèÿ êîíòðîëÿ è óæåñòî÷åíèÿ ìåð îòâåòñòâåííîñòè çà íåëåãàëüíûé ëîâ ñîêîëîâ. 4. Ðàçðàáîòêà è âíåäðåíèå àíòèêîððóïöèîííûõ ìåð íà ìåñòàõ â ðåãèîíàõ. 5. Êîíòðîëü çà ñóäåáíûìè ïðîöåññàìè íàä áðàêîíüåðàìè è êîíòðàáàíäèñòàìè ñî ñòîðîíû îáùåñòâåííîñòè è ÑÌÈ. 6. Ïîääåðæêà öåëåâûõ ïðîåêòîâ íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèõ îðãàíèçàöèé ïî ìîíèòîðèíãó ñîêîëîâ â ìåñòàõ àêòèâíîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè íåëåãàëüíûõ ëîâöîâ. 7. Êîíòðîëü çà îáîðîòîì ñîêîëîâ íà ãîñóäàðñòâåííîì óðîâíå. Ôîðìèðîâàíèå åäèíîãî ðååñòðà âûäà÷è ðàçðåøåíèé è ïàñïîðòèçàöèÿ ñîêîëîâ, íàõîäÿùèõñÿ â ñîáñòâåííîñòè êàê þðèäè÷åñêèõ, òàê è ôèçè÷åñêèõ ëèö. 8. Âíåäðåíèå ãîñóäàðñòâåííîé ïðîãðàììû ìå÷åíèÿ äèêèõ ïòèö ìèêðî÷èïàìè è ñíàáæåíèå ïóíêòîâ òàìîæåííîãî ïðîïóñêà ñðåäñòâàìè îòñëåæèâàíèÿ ìèêðî÷èïîâ. 9. Ïðàâîâàÿ è ôèíàíñîâàÿ ïîääåðæêà ëåãàëüíûõ öåíòðîâ ïî ðàçâåäåíèþ ñîêîëîâ. 10. Ôîðìèðîâàíèå îáùåñòâåííîãî ìíåíèÿ î âàæíîñòè îõðàíû ñîêîëîâ è ñòðîãîñòè íàêàçàíèÿ çà íåçàêîííûé ëîâ.

Áëàãîäàðíîñòè Àâòîð âûðàæàåò áëàãîäàðíîñòü Ïðîãðàììå TRAFFIC Europe-Russia è ëè÷íî Àëåêñåþ Âàéñìàíó çà ôèíàíñîâóþ è èíôîðìàöèîííî-ìåòîäè÷åñêóþ ïîääåðæêó ïðîåêòà, à òàêæå âñåì ñïåöèàëèñòàì, ïðåäîñòàâèâøèì èíôîðìàöèþ äëÿ ýòîãî èññëåäîâàíèÿ è ó÷àñòâîâàâøèì â àíêåòèðîâàíèè.

Ă?ĂĽĂ°ĂĂ Ă˛ĂťĂĽ ĂľĂ¨ĂšĂĂ¨ĂŞĂ¨ Ă¨ Ă¨Ăľ ĂŽĂľĂ°Ă ĂĂ 2007, 8

Ă&#x17D;ĂľĂ°Ă ĂĂ ĂŻĂĽĂ°ĂĂ Ă˛ĂťĂľ ĂľĂ¨ĂšĂĂ¨ĂŞĂŽĂ˘

Status of the Saker Falcon on the eastern fringe of the Junggar Basin, China ĐĄĐ˘Đ?Đ˘ĐŁĐĄ Đ&#x2018;Đ?Đ&#x203A;Đ&#x17E;Đ&#x2018;Đ?Đ?Đ? Đ?Đ? Đ&#x2019;Đ&#x17E;ĐĄĐ˘Đ&#x17E;Đ§Đ?Đ&#x17E;Đ&#x2122; Đ&#x17E;Đ&#x161;Đ Đ?Đ&#x2DC;Đ?Đ&#x2022; Đ&#x201D;Đ&#x2013;ĐŁĐ?Đ&#x201C;Đ?Đ Đ&#x2DC;Đ&#x2DC;, Đ&#x161;Đ&#x2DC;Đ˘Đ?Đ&#x2122; Wu Yi-Qun (School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, China), Ma Ming ( Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Science, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China), Liu Xu Feng (Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, CAS, China), Tian Lei, Mei Yu (XIEG, CAS, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China) Đ&#x2019; Đ&#x2122;Đ¸-Đ&#x161; Đ˝ (Đ¨ ĐžĐťĐ° ĐľŃ Ń&#x201A;ĐľŃ Ń&#x201A;Đ˛ĐľĐ˝Đ˝Ń&#x2039;Ń&#x2026; Đ˝Đ° , ĐŁĐ˝Đ¸Đ˛ĐľŃ&#x20AC;Ń Đ¸Ń&#x201A;ĐľŃ&#x201A; Đ&#x203A;Đ°Đ˝Ń&#x152;Ń&#x2021;ĐśĐž , Đ&#x161;Đ¸Ń&#x201A;Đ°Đš) Đ&#x153;Đ° Đ&#x153;Đ¸Đ˝ (Đ&#x2DC;Đ˝Ń Ń&#x201A;Đ¸Ń&#x201A; Ń&#x201A; Ń? ĐžĐťĐž Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¸ ĐľĐž Ń&#x20AC;Đ°Ń&#x201E;Đ¸Đ¸ ĐĄĐ¸Đ˝Ń&#x2020;ĐˇŃ?Đ˝Ń?, Đ&#x161;Đ¸Ń&#x201A;Đ°ĐšŃ Đ°Ń? Đ? Đ°Đ´ĐľĐźĐ¸Ń? Đ?Đ° , ĐŁŃ&#x20AC; ĐźŃ&#x2021;Đ¸) Đ&#x161;Ń Đ¤ĐľĐ˝ (Đ&#x201C;ĐťĐ°Đ˛Đ˝Đ°Ń? ĐťĐ°ĐąĐžŃ&#x20AC;Đ°Ń&#x201A;ĐžŃ&#x20AC;Đ¸Ń? Ń? ĐžĐťĐž Đ¸Đ¸ ĐśĐ¸Đ˛ĐžŃ&#x201A;Đ˝Ń&#x2039;Ń&#x2026; Đ¸ ĐżŃ&#x20AC;Đ¸Ń&#x20AC;ĐžĐ´ĐžĐžŃ&#x2026;Ń&#x20AC;Đ°Đ˝Đ˝ĐžĐš ĐąĐ¸ĐžĐťĐž Đ¸Đ¸, Đ&#x2DC;Đ˝Ń Ń&#x201A;Đ¸Ń&#x201A; Ń&#x201A; ĐˇĐžĐžĐťĐž Đ¸Đ¸, Đ&#x161;Đ¸Ń&#x201A;Đ°ĐšŃ Đ°Ń? Đ? Đ°Đ´ĐľĐźĐ¸Ń? Đ?Đ° ) Đ˘Ń?Đ˝ Đ&#x203A;ĐľĐš, Đ&#x153;ĐľĐš ĐŽ (Đ&#x2DC;Đ˝Ń Ń&#x201A;Đ¸Ń&#x201A; Ń&#x201A; Ń? ĐžĐťĐž Đ¸Đ¸ Đ¸ ĐľĐž Ń&#x20AC;Đ°Ń&#x201E;Đ¸Đ¸ ĐĄĐ¸Đ˝Ń&#x2020;ĐˇŃ?Đ˝Ń?, Đ&#x161;Đ¸Ń&#x201A;Đ°ĐšŃ Đ°Ń? Đ? Đ°Đ´ĐľĐźĐ¸Ń? Đ?Đ° , ĐŁŃ&#x20AC; ĐźŃ&#x2021;Đ¸) Contact: Wu Yi-Qun School of Life Science Lanzhou University Tianshui road 222, Lanzhou 730000 China wuyq-05@163.com Ma Ming Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Science Urumqi 830011 Xinjiang China maming@ms.xjb.ac.cn

Ă&#x201A;Ă˘ĂĽĂ¤ĂĽĂĂ¨ĂĽ

Introduction

Ă Ă ĂŤĂŽĂĄĂ Ă (Falco cherrug) â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Ă˘Ă¨Ă¤, Ă¨ĂŹĂĽĂžĂšĂ¨ĂŠ ĂĄĂŽĂŤĂźĂ¸ĂŽĂĽ Ă§ĂĂ ĂˇĂĽĂĂ¨ĂĽ Ă˘ ĂŞĂłĂŤĂźĂ˛ĂłĂ°ĂĂŽĂŹ ĂĂ ĂąĂŤĂĽĂ¤Ă¨Ă¨ ĂąĂ˛Ă°Ă Ă Ă ĂŤĂ¨ĂŚĂĂĽĂŁĂŽ Ă&#x201A;ĂŽĂąĂ˛ĂŽĂŞĂ Ă¨ Ă&#x2013;ĂĽĂĂ˛Ă°Ă ĂŤĂźĂĂŽĂŠ Ă&#x20AC;Ă§Ă¨Ă¨. Ă&#x201A; Ă&#x160;Ă¨Ă˛Ă ĂĽ ĂŁĂĂĽĂ§Ă¤ĂŽĂ˘ĂŽĂŠ Ă Ă°ĂĽĂ ĂŤ ĂĄĂ ĂŤĂŽĂĄĂ ĂĂ ĂąĂŽĂąĂ°ĂĽĂ¤ĂŽĂ˛ĂŽĂˇĂĽĂ, Ă˘ ĂŽĂąĂĂŽĂ˘ĂĂŽĂŹ, Ă˘ Ă§Ă ĂŻĂ Ă¤ĂĂťĂľ ĂŻĂ°ĂŽĂ˘Ă¨ĂĂśĂ¨ĂżĂľ Ă&#x160;Ă¨Ă˛Ă Ăż, Ă˘ĂŞĂŤĂžĂˇĂ Ăż Ă&#x2018;Ă¨ĂĂśĂ§ĂżĂĂź, Ă&#x2019;Ă¨ĂĄĂĽĂ˛, Ă&#x160;Ă˘Ă¨ĂĂŁĂľĂ ĂŠ, Ă&#x192;Ă ĂĂźĂąĂł, Ă&#x201A;ĂĂłĂ˛Ă°ĂĽĂĂĂžĂž Ă&#x152;ĂŽĂĂŁĂŽĂŤĂ¨Ăž. Ă&#x201A; ĂŻĂ°ĂŽĂ¤ĂŽĂŤĂŚĂ¨Ă˛ĂĽĂŤĂźĂĂŽĂŠ Ă¨ĂąĂ˛ĂŽĂ°Ă¨Ă¨ Ă&#x160;Ă¨Ă˛Ă Ăż ĂľĂ¨ĂšĂĂ¨ĂŞĂ¨, Ă˘ĂŞĂŤĂžĂˇĂ Ăż ĂĄĂ ĂŤĂŽĂĄĂ ĂĂ , Ă°Ă ĂąĂąĂŹĂ Ă˛Ă°Ă¨Ă˘Ă ĂŤĂ¨ĂąĂź ĂŞĂ ĂŞ ĂŻĂ°ĂĽĂŞĂ°Ă ĂąĂĂťĂŠ ĂŹĂ Ă˛ĂĽĂ°Ă¨Ă ĂŤ Ă¤ĂŤĂż ĂŹĂĂŽĂŁĂ¨Ăľ ĂśĂĽĂŤĂĽĂŠ: ĂŻĂĽĂ°ĂźĂż Ă¨ĂąĂŻĂŽĂŤĂźĂ§ĂŽĂ˘Ă ĂŤĂ¨ĂąĂź Ă˘ Ă°ĂĽĂŹĂĽĂąĂŤĂ Ăľ, ĂŞĂŽĂąĂ˛Ă¨ Ă¨ ĂŹĂżĂąĂŽ ĂŽĂĄĂťĂˇĂĂŽ ĂąĂˇĂ¨Ă˛Ă ĂŤĂ¨ĂąĂź ĂŽĂ¤ĂĂ¨ĂŹ Ă¨Ă§ Ă˘Ă¨Ă¤ĂŽĂ˘ ĂŤĂĽĂŞĂ Ă°ĂąĂ˛Ă˘, ĂŻĂ°Ă¨ĂŹĂĽĂĂżĂĽĂŹĂťĂľ Ă˘ Ă˛Ă°Ă Ă¤Ă¨ĂśĂ¨ĂŽĂĂĂŽĂŠ ĂŞĂ¨Ă˛Ă ĂŠĂąĂŞĂŽĂŠ ĂŹĂĽĂ¤Ă¨ĂśĂ¨ĂĂĽ. Ă&#x160;Ă ĂŞ Ă¨ Ă˘ Ă&#x20AC;Ă°Ă ĂĄĂąĂŞĂ¨Ăľ ĂąĂ˛Ă°Ă ĂĂ Ăľ, ĂŽĂ¤ĂĂŽĂŠ Ă¨Ă§ ĂŞĂłĂŤĂźĂ˛ĂłĂ°ĂĂťĂľ Ă˛Ă°Ă Ă¤Ă¨-

The Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug) is a species of great importance in the culture and traditions of the countries of the Middle East and Central Asia. In China, breeding area of Saker Falco mainly situated at the western provinces of China, including Xinjiang, Tibet, Qinghai, Gansu and inner-Mongolia. In long Chinese history, raptor was regarded as good material for many purposes: the plumes were used to make craftwork; bones and flesh were usually considered as a kind of Chinese traditional medicine; similarly to Arab country, a cultural tradition was hunting with falcons for entertainment. In modern times, though the Saker Falcon is a species listed in Appendix II of CITES and Category II of the state of China protection list, hunting and poaching pressure of the Saker Falcon still severe, especially in 1990s.

Materials and methods We have attempted to analyze factors that impact negatively on the Saker Falcon by researching the saker population condition in the eastern fringe of the Jungar Basin, Xinjiang, northwest China and develop recommendations for protecting the species in China. Ă&#x152;ĂŽĂŤĂŽĂ¤ĂŽĂŠ ĂĄĂ ĂŤĂŽĂĄĂ Ă (Falco cherrug) ĂĂ ĂŁĂĂĽĂ§Ă¤ĂĽ. Ă&#x201D;ĂŽĂ˛ĂŽ Ă&#x152;Ă Ă&#x152;Ă¨ĂĂŁ A young Saker (Falco cherrug) in the nest. Photo by Ma Ming

Raptors Conservation

Raptors Conservation 2007, 8 öèé áûëà îõîòà ñ õèùíûìè ïòèöàìè äëÿ ðàçâëå÷åíèÿ. Ñåé÷àñ, íåñìîòðÿ íà òî, ÷òî áàëîáàí âêëþ÷åí â Ïðèëîæåíèå II ÑÈÒÅÑ è â êàòåãîðèþ II ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî ñïèñêà îõðàíÿåìûõ âèäîâ Êèòàÿ, ïðåññ íåçàêîííîãî îòëîâà è îõîòû íà íåãî îêàçûâàåò ñåðüåçíîå âëèÿíèå, îñîáåííî ñ 90-õ ãîäîâ.

Ìàòåðèàëû è ìåòîäû Â äàííîé ðàáîòå ïðåäïðèíÿòà ïîïûòêà ïðîàíàëèçèðîâàòü ôàêòîðû, íåãàòèâíî âëèÿþùèå íà áàëîáàíà, ïî ðåçóëüòàòàì åãî èçó÷åíèÿ íà âîñòî÷íîé îêðàèíå Äæóíãàðèè (Ñèíöçÿíü, ñåâåðî-çàïàäíûé Êèòàé) è äàòü ðåêîìåíäàöèè ïî ñîõðàíåíèþ âèäà â Êèòàå.

Ðåçóëüòàòû Â àðåàëå â öåëîì ÷èñëåííîñòü áàëîáàíà ðåçêî ñîêðàùàåòñÿ, è âèä èç îáû÷íîãî â XX âåêå ñòàíîâèòñÿ óãðîæàåìûì. Ñóùåñòâóåò ìíîãî ïðè÷èí, ïî÷åìó ýòî ïðîèñõîäèò. Ïåðâûé ñïàä ÷èñëåííîñòè íàáëþäàëñÿ â íà÷àëå XX âåêà. Áîëüøàÿ ÷àñòü ìåñòîîáèòàíèé áàëîáàíà â Åâðîïå áûëà îñâîåíà â êà÷åñòâå ïàõîòíûõ çåìåëü. Êðóïíîìàñøòàáíîå ïðèìåíåíèå èíñåêòèöèäîâ, îñîáåííî ÄÄÒ, ïðèâåëî êî âòîðîìó ñïàäó â ñåðåäèíå XX âåêà. Èç-çà ôðàãìåíòèðîâàííîñòè ìåñòîîáèòàíèé è ãíåçäîâûõ ïîïóëÿöèé áàëîáàíû íå ìîãëè óñïåøíî ñîçäàâàòü ïàðû è, â ðåçóëüòàòå, íîðìàëüíî ðàçìíîæàòüñÿ. Õîòÿ ìíîãèå ôàêòîðû, âûçâàâøèå ñíèæåíèå ÷èñëåííîñòè áàëîáàíà, â áîëüøèíñòâå ðåãèîíîâ ñõîäíû, íåêîòîðûå ñïåöèôè÷íû äëÿ âîñòîêà Äæóíãàðèè. Â ðåçóëüòàòå ïðîâåäåííûõ èññëåäîâàíèé ïî èçó÷åíèþ ñòàòóñà áàëîáàíà ìîæíî âûäåëèòü ñëåäóþùèå ôàêòîðû, âûçâàâøèå ñíèæåíèå ÷èñëåííîñòè. 1. Óíè÷òîæåíèå ìåñòîîáèòàíèé Äî 1980-õ èç-çà íåáîëüøîé ÷èñëåííîñòè ìåñòíîãî íàñåëåíèÿ è íåäîñòàòêà òðàíñïîðòà íà âîñòîêå Äæóíãàðñêîé êîòëîâèíû àíòðîïîãåííîå âëèÿíèå íà õèùíèêîâ áûëî íåçíà÷èòåëüíî. Íî â ïîñëåäíèå ãîäû, â öåëÿõ ðàçâèòèÿ ýêîíîìèêè Ñèíöçÿíÿ, óñêîðèëñÿ ïðîöåññ ñòðîèòåëüñòâà àâòîòðàññ. ×àñòü òðàññû ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî çíà÷åíèÿ ¹ 126 ïîñòðîåíà èç Óðóì÷è (ñòîëèöà Ñèíöçÿíÿ) íà ñåâåð Ñèíöçÿíÿ (ðàéîíû Öèíãõå, Ôóíþóí è Àëòàé). Êàê ñëåäñòâèå, ñòðîèòåëüñòâî óäîáíûõ äîðîã ïðèâåëî ê óñèëåíèþ äàâëåíèÿ íà ïîïóëÿöèè áàëîáàíà è äðóãèõ õèùíûõ ïòèö. Òàêèå ôàêòîðû

Results In the range of globe, the Saker Falcon population is decreasing sharply from abundant species to endangered species in XX century. There were many reasons resulting in population decline of the Saker Falcon. The first population decline occurred at early XX century. A great deal of habitats of the Saker Falcon was cultivated in Europe. Large-scale application of insecticide especially DDT brought on the second decline in the middle of XX century. Owing to fragmentized habitats and breeding population, sakers weren’t being able to find mates and as result breed successfully. Though many factors for the population decline are similar to other region, some factors are specific to the east of Junggar Basin, Xinjiang. After investigation on survival status of the Saker several factors leading to population decline of the Saker Falcon can be concluded in following. 1. Habitat loss Before 1980s, as a result of less human population and disadvantage of traffic in the east of the Junggar Basin, human impacts on raptors had been insignificant. But in recent years, for the sake of improvement of traffic status and accelerating economy development, a piece of state highway number 216 was built from Urumqi (the capital of Xinjiang) to north Xinjiang (the counties including Qinghe, Fuyun and Altay). Thus convenient traffic followed to enormous survival pressure to Saker Falcon and other raptors. The conditions of exploitation mine and dig herbal medicine become much more severe. During surveys, over 10 sites of gold and tin mines were found in the breeding area of the Saker Falcon. Moreover, 5 cases of digging desert Cistanche were noted near the saker nests in April 2005. Those human activities have already destroyed local vegetation and habitat environment of raptor. Furthermore, it has impacted negatively on the breeding success of sakers. Thus habitat loss and interference of human being on the Saker breeding seemed that survival status of the Saker Falcon has being faced much more rigorous position than anytime. On condition that loss of habitat last few years the saker population has declined sharply. 2. Illegal trade and conveyance Due to firm demand for sakers in Arab States, many falcons were caught illegally last years. Though all species of Falconi-

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 8 âëèÿíèÿ êàê ýêñïëóàòàöèÿ øàõò è ñáîð ëåêàðñòâåííûõ ðàñòåíèé ñòàíîâÿòñÿ áîëåå çíà÷èòåëüíûìè. Çà âðåìÿ èññëåäîâàíèé áîëåå 10 çîëîòûõ è îëîâÿííûõ ïðèèñêîâ îáíàðóæåíî â ïðåäåëàõ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ áàëîáàíà. Áîëåå 5 ñëó÷àåâ ñáîðà òðàâ îòìå÷åíî áëèç ãíåçä áàëîáàíà â àïðåëå 2005. Ïîäîáíàÿ äåÿòåëüíîñòü óæå óíè÷òîæèëà ìåñòíóþ ðàñòèòåëüíîñòü è ìåñòà îáèòàíèÿ ìíîãèõ õèùíûõ ïòèö. Êðîìå òîãî, ôàêòîð áåñïîêîéñòâà îêàçûâàåò íåãàòèâíîå âëèÿíèå íà óñïåõ ðàçìíîæåíèÿ áàëîáàíà. Èç-çà óíè÷òîæåíèÿ ìåñòîîáèòàíèé è âìåøàòåëüñòâà ÷åëîâåêà â ïåðèîä ðàçìíîæåíèÿ áàëîáàíà åãî âûæèâàíèå ñòîèò ïåðåä ëèöîì áîëåå ñåðüåçíîé ïðîáëåìû, ÷åì ðàíåå. Ó÷èòûâàÿ òî, ÷òî ìíîãèå ìåñòîîáèòàíèÿ áàëîáàíà áûëè óíè÷òîæåíû â ïîñëåäíèå íåñêîëüêî ëåò, åãî ÷èñëåííîñòü ðåçêî ñîêðàòèëàñü. 2. Íåëåãàëüíàÿ òîðãîâëÿ è êîíòðàáàíäà Áëàãîäàðÿ óñòîé÷èâîìó ñïðîñó íà áàëîáàíà â ñòðàíàõ Áëèæíåãî Âîñòîêà, áîëüøîå ÷èñëî ñîêîëîâ áûëî íåçàêîííî îòëîâëåíî çà ïîñëåäíèå ãîäû. Õîòÿ âñå âèäû ñîêîëîîáðàçíûõ âíåñåíû â Ïðèëîæåíèå II ÑÈÒÅÑ, íåëåãàëüíûé îòëîâ è ïðîäàæà âñåõ îðëîâ è ñîêîëîâ íèêîãäà íå ïðåêðàùàëèñü. Íåñîìíåííî, ñóùåñòâóþùèé ôåíîìåí äîëæåí ïðèâåñòè ê ðåçêîìó ñíèæåíèþ ÷èñëåííîñòè ïîïóëÿöèé õèùíèêîâ â ïðèðîäå. Áûëî âûÿâëåíî, ÷òî åæåãîäíàÿ ïîòðåáíîñòü ñîêîëüíèêîâ íà Áëèæíåì Âîñòîêå â ñîêîëàõ è óñòîé÷èâàÿ ýêîíîìè÷åñêàÿ âûãîäà îò èõ ïðîäàæè ïîðîæäàþò áðàêîíüåðñòâî è ÿâëÿþòñÿ ãëàâíûìè ïðè÷èíàìè íåëåãàëüíîé òîðãîâëè è êîíòðàáàíäû. Ñ 1990õ íåêîòîðûå ñëó÷àè íåëåãàëüíîé ïåðåâîçêè îòìå÷àëèñü íà âñåõ íàèáîëåå êðóïíûõ òàìîæíÿõ, âêëþ÷àÿ Áåéäæèíã, Òÿíäæèÿíã, Øàíõàé, ×åíãòó è äàæå Ãîíêîíã (Wang 2001; Ye, Ma, 2001; Ma, 1999, 2004). Òàêàÿ íåëåãàëüíàÿ äåÿòåëüíîñòü ñèëüíî èñòîùèëà ðåñóðñ áàëîáàíà çà êîðîòêèé ñðîê. Â Ñèíöçÿíü èíîñòðàííûå êîíòðàáàíäèñòû ïðîíèêàþò îáû÷íî ÷åðåç ïðîïóñêíîé ïóíêò Êóíäæåðàá, ãðàíè÷àùèé ñ Ïàêèñòàíîì, è äàëåå â Ãàíüñó, Öèíõàé, Íèíñÿ, Âíóòðåííþþ Ìîíãîëèþ äëÿ îòëîâà ñîêîëîâ. Áîëüøèíñòâî ïîéìàííûõ ñîêîëîâ ïåðåâîçèòñÿ íà Áëèæíèé Âîñòîê ïî ìàðøðóòó Ñèíöçÿíü – Ïàêèñòàí – Èðàí – Àðàáñêèé ðåãèîí èëè ñàìîëåòîì Ñèíöçÿíü – Àðàáñêèå ñòðàíû. Âñåãî 954 áàëîáàíà áûëî êîíôèñêîâàíî ìåñòíûìè îðãàíàìè è òàìîæíåé, è îêîëî 2000 êîíòðàáàíäèñ-

Îõðàíà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ formes listed in Appendix II of CITES the phenomenon that Eagles and Falcons were poached for and illegal trade never halt. Undoubtedly the existing phenomenon would result in sharp decline of wild population. The combination of requirement for falconry in the Middle East and huge economy benefit of poaching revealed to be the main reason for illegal trade and conveyance. Since 1990s some people has entered distributing region, captured sakers and then smuggled by customs. The cases of illegal conveyance once occurred at the most of big customs including Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Chengtu, even Hongkong (Wan 2001; Ye et al. 2001; Ma et al. 1999, 2004). Those illegal activities made the Saker resource severely destroyed in short period. In Xinjiang, overseas smugglers usually through Kunjerab Pass bordered with Pakistan enter Xinjiang then to Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, and Inner-Mongolia to capture sakers. The most part of caught sakers were transported to the Middle East by the route of Xinjiang-Pakistan-Iran-Arab area or by Xinjiang-Arab country by airplane. A total of 954 Saker Falcons was confiscated by local governments and customs and about 2000 smugglers were arrested in 1992– 1998 (Li et al., 2000). Illegal capturing and trade of sakers still exists. A group of smugglers from Pakistan penetrated north Xinjiang and captured Saker Falco using domestic pigeons and chucars (Alectoris chukar) as bait in September-October, 2002, which is well known by local shepherd. 3. Lack of quarry and food poisoning Since 1950s, a rural production practice has altered in that pasture declined rapidly and farming assert increased. The existing hunting habitats of sakers were cultivated with the planting of crop which reduced the availability of ground dwelling prey for Sakers. Intensive agriculture is associated with the mass extermination of common rodents, including gerbils (Rhombomys opimus, Meriones meridianus) most important preys for Saker Falcon. Another nature factor having a strong negative influence is eradication mouse plague. Since 1949 large-scale areas including Xinjiang have begun many larger campaigns of extermination mouse population (one of «four disasters») as a disaster to pasture. Long-term campaigns resulted in prey scarcity of the raptor. Food poisoning is another cause that harm to the saker health. Before liberation, pas-

Raptors Conservation

Raptors Conservation 2007, 8 òîâ áûëî çàäåðæàíî â 1992–1998 ãã. (Li et al., 2000). Íåëåãàëüíûé îòëîâ è òîðãîâëÿ ñóùåñòâóþò äî ñèõ ïîð. Â ñåíòÿáðå-îêòÿáðå 2002 ã. ãðóïïà ïàêèñòàíñêèõ êîíòðàáàíäèñòîâ ïðîíèêëà íà ñåâåð Ñèíöçÿíÿ è ëîâèëà áàëîáàíîâ íà äîìàøíèõ ãîëóáåé è êåêëèêîâ (Alectoris chukar) â êà÷åñòâå ïðèìàíêè, î ÷åì áûëî õîðîøî èçâåñòíî ìåñòíûì ïàñòóõàì.

toral farming and pasture rarely lead to the food poisoning of sakers. Pesticides and fertilizers have extensively used in intensive agricultural systems since 1970s. These chemical had significant effect for the raptor health by the food chain of vegetationprey-raptor. Owing to widespread plentiful use of rodenticides on grasslands and farmland, food poisoning becomes one of the main menaces to the Saker Falcon last year. 4. Weakness of management Another problem is the suffering of nature reserves in the Xinjiang region from lack of funding. For example, the Karamori Mountain Nature Reserve (18000 km2, north Xinjiang) is the main distributing and breeding region of the Saker Falcon. Illegal hunters and traders often go free because forestry police do not have adequate funds to detect and investigate the cases properly. Many nature reserves in the west of China suffers from understaffed manager, especial professional technician, lacking fund and policeman, low-grade equipment have restricted to improvement of degree of management and executing the law.

Áàëîáàí, ïîãèáøèé îò îòðàâëåíèÿ öèàíèäîì íàòðèÿ. Ôîòî Ìà Ìèíã A dead Saker from Sodium Cyanide. Photo by Ma Ming

3. Íåäîñòàòîê êîðìîâ è ïèùåâîå îòðàâëåíèå Ñ 1950-õ ñåëüñêîå õîçÿéñòâî ñóùåñòâåííî èçìåíèëîñü: ïëîùàäü ïàñòáèù áûñòðî ñîêðàòèëàñü, à ïëîùàäü îáðàáàòûâàåìûõ çåìåëü ñóùåñòâåííî óâåëè÷èëàñü. Ñóùåñòâîâàâøèå îõîòíè÷üè áèîòîïû áàëîáàíîâ áûëè çàíÿòû ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûìè êóëüòóðàìè, ÷òî íåãàòèâíî ïîâëèÿëî íà ÷èñëåííîñòü îñíîâíûõ îáúåêòîâ ïèòàíèÿ áàëîáàíà. Èíòåíñèâíîå ñåëüñêîå õîçÿéñòâî ïðèâåëî ê èñ÷åçíîâåíèþ ìàññîâûõ ãðûçóíîâ, âêëþ÷àÿ áîëüøóþ ïåñ÷àíêó (Rhombomys opimus) è ïîëóäåííóþ ïåñ÷àíêó (Meriones meridianus), ÿâëÿþùèõñÿ îñíîâíûìè îáúåêòàìè ïèòàíèÿ áàëîáàíà. Åñòåñòâåííûé ôàêòîð, îêàçûâàþùèé ñåðüåçíîå íåãàòèâíîå âëèÿíèå, – îïóñòîøèòåëüíûå ýïèçîîòèè ñðåäè ãðûçóíîâ. Ñ 1949 ã. áîëüøèå ïðîâèíöèè, âêëþ÷àÿ Ñèíöçÿíü, íà÷àëè ïðîâîäèòü øèðîêîìàñøòàáíûå êàìïàíèè ïî óíè÷òîæåíèþ ãðûçóíîâ, ÿâëÿþùèõñÿ ïåðåíîñ÷èêàìè çîîíîçîâ è óìåíüøàþùèìè ïðîäóêòèâíîñòü ïàñòáèù. Ïðîäîëæèòåëüíûå êàìïàíèè ïî èñòðåáëåíèþ ãðûçóíîâ çàêîí÷èëèñü òåì, ÷òî õèùíèêàì ñòàëî íå÷åì ïèòàòüñÿ. Ïèùåâîå îòðàâëåíèå ÿâëÿåòñÿ åùå îäíîé ïðè÷èíîé êðàõà ïîïóëÿöèé áàëîáàíà. Äî 1949 ã. ýêñòåíñèâíîå çåìëåäåëèå è ñêîòîâîäñòâî ðåäêî ïðèâîäèëè ê ïèùåâûì îòðàâëåíèÿì áàëîáàíîâ, íî ñ 1970-õ ãã. â ñåëü-

Discussion China is the cradle of traditional falconry culture and techniques and the history of Chinese hawking can be traced in the literature back to the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River valley around 1500 B.C.(Ye et al., 2002). Raptors were wide spread and numerous in the past thousands of years. But the Saker Falcon will be on the edge of extinction for next years. Since 1980s, the saker population has fleetly collapsed by suffering the influence of the following factors: habitat loss; illegal trade and conveyance; lack of quarry and food poisoning; weakness of management. In early 1990s, following increasing of international demand and lacking protection of the Saker Falcon large quantities of poacher swarmed into the west of China. Now the smuggling of falcons and illegal trade become the most serious reasons leading to population decline and the main threat to the survival of the Saker Falcon in Xinjiang. According to investigation of survival status of the Saker Falcon in Xinjiang, the following series of strategy can be concluded. • To effective protect the resource of Saker Falco, the manager of wildlife must has the modern equipment of traffic and communication. At the same time, in order to

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 8 ñêîì õîçÿéñòâå ñòàëè àêòèâíî ïðèìåíÿòü ïåñòèöèäû è óäîáðåíèÿ. Äàííûå õèìèêàòû îêàçàëè çíà÷èòåëüíîå âëèÿíèå íà ñîñòîÿíèå ïîïóëÿöèé õèùíèêîâ ÷åðåç ïèùåâóþ öåïî÷êó: ðàñòèòåëüíîñòü – æåðòâà – õèùíèê. Çà ïîñëåäíèé ãîä èç-çà øèðîêîãî ïðèìåíåíèÿ ðîäåíòèöèäîâ íà ïàñòáèùàõ è ïàõîòíûõ óãîäüÿõ ïèùåâîå îòðàâëåíèå ñòàëî îäíîé èç îñíîâíûõ óãðîç ñóùåñòâîâàíèþ áàëîáàíà. 4. Íåäîñòàòêè îõðàíû Äðóãàÿ ïðîáëåìà ñîñòîèò â òîì, ÷òî çàïîâåäíèêè Ñèíöçÿíÿ ñòðàäàþò îò íåäîñòàòêà ñðåäñòâ. Íàïðèìåð, ãîðíûé çàïîâåäíèê Êàðàìîðè (18000 êì2, ñåâåðíûé Ñèíöçÿíü) – îñíîâíîé ðåãèîí ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ è ãíåçäîâàíèÿ áàëîáàíà. Íåëåãàëüíûå îõîòíèêè è òîðãîâöû ÷àñòî îñòàþòñÿ áåçíàêàçàííûìè, ïîòîìó ÷òî èíñïåêòîðà íå èìåþò íåîáõîäèìûõ ñðåäñòâ äëÿ îáíàðóæåíèÿ è çàäåðæàíèÿ áðàêîíüåðîâ. Â áîëüøèíñòâå ïðèðîäíûõ ðåçåðâàòîâ çàïàäíîãî Êèòàÿ íå õâàòàåò ñïåöèàëèñòîâ, ôèíàíñèðîâàíèÿ, ñîòðóäíèêîâ îõðàíû, óñòàðåâøåå îáîðóäîâàíèå îãðàíè÷èâàåò óëó÷øåíèå è óñèëåíèå ñèñòåìû êîíòðîëÿ.

Îáñóæäåíèå Èñòîêè ñîêîëèíîé îõîòû ëåæàò â Êèòàå. Èõ òðàäèöèè è èñòîðèÿ èçâåñòíû â ñðåäíåì è íèæíåì òå÷åíèÿ Æ¸ëòîé ðåêè îêîëî 1500 ëåò äî í.ý. (Ye et al., 2002). Õèùíèêè áûëè øèðîêî ðàñïðîñòðàíåíû è ìíîãî÷èñëåííû â ïðîøëûõ òûñÿ÷åëåòèÿõ. Íî â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ áàëîáàí ñêîðî îêàæåòñÿ íà ãðàíè âûìèðàíèÿ. Ñ 1980-õ êðàõ ïîïóëÿöèè áàëîáàíà áûë âûçâàí òàêèìè ôàêòîðàìè êàê íåëåãàëüíàÿ òîðãîâëÿ è êîíòðàáàíäà, íåäîñòàòîê ïèùåâûõ ðåñóðñîâ è îòðàâëåíèÿ, íåäîñòàòîê îõðàíû. Â íà÷àëå 1990-õ èç-çà óñèëåíèÿ ìåæäóíàðîäíîãî ñïðîñà è íåäîñòàòî÷íîé îõðàíû áàëîáàíîâ ïîòîê áðàêîíüåðîâ õëûíóë íà çàïàä Êèòàÿ. Â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ êîíòðàáàíäà ñîêîëîâ ñòàíîâèòñÿ ãëàâíîé ïðè÷èíîé ñïàäà ÷èñëåííîñòè áàëîáàíà â öåëîì è ñòàëà îñíîâíîé óãðîçîé ñóùåñòâîâàíèÿ ýòîãî ñîêîëà â Ñèíöçÿíå. Ïî ðåçóëüòàòàì ïðîâåäåííûõ èññëåäîâàíèé ìîæíî ñäåëàòü ñëåäóþùåå çàêëþ÷åíèå. • Äëÿ ýôôåêòèâíîé îõðàíû áàëîáàíà êàê ðåñóðñà èíñïåêòîðà ïî îõðàíå ïðèðîäû äîëæíû èìåòü ñîâðåìåííîå îáîðóäîâàíèå. Â òîæå âðåìÿ, äëÿ êîíòðîëÿ íàä êîíòðàáàíäîé ñîòðóäíèêè òàìîæíè è äðóãèõ âåäîìñòâ äîëæíû óñèëèòü ìåðû ïî ïðîâåðêå ýêñïîðòèðóåìûõ òîâàðîâ.

Îõðàíà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ supervise the smuggling of raptors officials of customs and other departments which deal with export should strengthen check on merchandise. • Rescue station and iatrical establishment should be built in Xinjiang by Ministry of Forestry or interrelated branch. The similar rescue station for raptors has already been set up in Beijing. • Based on a living habit of raptors artificial nests and perches should be set up in the Saker home range. Those measures not only provide favorable habitat but ensure successful breeding to Saker Falco. In long run, implement of those measures may effective control on local mouse plague in a certain extent. • Domestication and artificial breeding of Saker is outstanding mode to relieve the pressure of supply and demand also effective manner to control on decreasing of population. • Many local residents have no knowledge of wildlife conservation, to conserve wildlife in Xinjiang, there is a need to improve the park officers’ ability to efficiently patrol and guard the park, and to educate local residents about wildlife conservation. • Penalty is too low and difficult to apply in practice. There is a need to revise the state protection list because the conservation status of Saker Falco has changed in past decades. To better protect the Saker Falcon resource, on the one hand, further study on breeding biology and population dynamics should be put in practice in west China. On the other hand, Ministry of Forestry and interrelated branch should take effective measures to decrease the heavy press on the Saker Falcon surviving. The implement of effective measures won’t only alleviate local mouse plague but also maintain the weak environment of desert. Acknowledgements This project is funded by the Falcon Research Institute (FRI), the Environmental Research and Wildlife Development Agency (ERWDA), National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), the Xinjiang Conservation Fund (XCF) and WWF-China. We are grateful to the following people participated in the project: Dr. Nicholas C. Fox and Dr. Andrew Dixon (UK), Mr. Dimitar Ragyov and Ivaylo Angelov (Bulgaria), Istvan Balazs (Hungaria).

Raptors Conservation

Raptors Conservation 2007, 8 • Ìèíèñòåðñòâî ëåñíîãî õîçÿéñòâà èëè ñìåæíûå âåäîìñòâà äîëæíû îðãàíèçîâàòü â Ñèíöçÿíå ïóíêòû ïî ïåðåäåðæêå è âûïóñêó êîíôèñêîâàííûõ ñîêîëîâ. Ïîäîáíûå ïóíêòû óæå ôóíêöèîíèðóþò â Áåéäæèíå. • Â àðåàëå áàëîáàíà â ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ áèîòîïàõ íåîáõîäèìî óñòàíîâèòü ãíåçäîâûå ïëàòôîðìû è ïðèñàäû. Ýòè ìåðû íå òîëüêî ñîçäàäóò áëàãîïðèÿòíóþ ñðåäó äëÿ îáèòàíèÿ, íî è îáåñïå÷àò óñïåøíîå ðàçìíîæåíèå áàëîáàíà. Â ïåðñïåêòèâå âíåäðåíèå ýòèõ ìåð ïîìîæåò ýôôåêòèâíî êîíòðîëèðîâàòü âñïûøêè ÷èñëåííîñòè ãðûçóíîâ íà äàííûõ òåððèòîðèÿõ. • Îðãàíèçàöèÿ ïèòîìíèêîâ è ðàçâåäåíèå áàëîáàíîâ â íåâîëå – åù¸ îäèí ñïîñîá ñíèæåíèÿ ïðåññà íà äèêèå ïîïóëÿöèè è êîíòðîëÿ íàä íèìè. • Óëó÷øåíèå èíôîðìèðîâàííîñòè â Ñèíöçÿíå ìåñòíîãî íàñåëåíèÿ è äîëæíîñòíûõ ëèö î ïðîáëåìå îõðàíû ïðèðîäû, îðãàíèçàöèÿ îáó÷åíèÿ ìåñòíûõ èíñïåêòîðîâ â öåëÿõ ïîâûøåíèÿ ýôôåêòèâíîñòè îõðàíû. • Óâåëè÷åíèå øòðàôîâ, ðàçìåð êîòîðûõ ñåé÷àñ ìèçåðíûé. Ïåðåñìîòð ñïèñêà îõðàíÿåìûõ âèäîâ, ïîñêîëüêó ñòàòóñ áàëîáàíà ñóùåñòâåííî èçìåíèëñÿ çà ïîñëåäíèå äåñÿòèëåòèÿ. Ñ îäíîé ñòîðîíû äëÿ óëó÷øåíèÿ îõðàíû áàëîáàíà â çàïàäíîì Êèòàå äîëæíî áûòü ââåäåíî â ïðàêòèêó äàëüíåéøåå èçó÷åíèå ãíåçäîâîé áèîëîãèè è äèíàìèêè ïîïóëÿöèé. Ñ äðóãîé ñòîðîíû, Ìèíèñòåðñòâî ëåñíîãî õîçÿéñòâà è ñìåæíûå âåäîìñòâà äîë-

Îãðîìíûé âîëüåð, âûñòðîåííûé Äåïàðòàìåíòîì Ëåñà â 2004 ã. äëÿ ðàçâåäåíèÿ áàëîáàíîâ. Ôîòî Ìà Ìèíã The big cage was built in the breeding center by the Forest Department for the reproductive Saker in 2004. Photo by MaMing

æíû ïðèíèìàòü ìåðû ïî ñíèæåíèþ ïðåññà íà ïîïóëÿöèè áàëîáàíà. Âíåäðåíèå òàêèõ ìåð íå òîëüêî óìåíüøèò âñïûøêè ÷èñëåííîñòè ãðûçóíîâ, íî è áóäåò ñïîñîáñòâîâàòü ïîääåðæàíèþ óñòîé÷èâîñòè ïóñòûííûõ ýêîñèñòåì.

Áëàãîäàðíîñòè Äàííûé ïðîåêò îñóùåñòâëåí ïðè ôèíàíñîâîé ïîääåðæêå Èíñòèòóòà èññëåäîâàíèÿ ñîêîëîâ (FRI), Àãåíòñòâà ïî îõðàíå îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäû ÎÀÝ (ERWDA), Íàöèîíàëüíîãî ôîíäà åñòåñòâåííûõ íàóê Êèòàÿ (NSFC), Ôîíäà îõðàíû ïðèðîäû Ñèíöçÿíÿ (XCF) è ÂÂÔ Êèòàÿ. Ìû òàêæå áëàãîäàðèì çà ó÷àñòèå â ïðîåêòå Í. Ôîêñà, À. Äèêñîíà (Âåëèêîáðèòàíèÿ), Ä. Ðàãîâà, È. Àíãåëîâà (Áîëãàðèÿ) è È. Áàëàçñà (Âåíãðèÿ).

References Li Y.M., Gao Z.X., Li X.H., Wang S, Niemel A.J. Illegal wildlife trade in the Himalayan region of China. – Biodiversity and Conservation. 2000. 9. P. 901–918. Ma M. Saker smugglers target western China. – Oriental Bird Club Bulletin. 1999. 29. P.17. Ma M. Recent data on Saker smuggling In China. – Falco 2004. 23. P. 17–18. Wang Z.M. Conservation and management of Saker Falcon in China. – Proceedings of the II International Conference on the Saker Falcon and Houbara Bustard, Ulaanbaatar, 1–4 July 2000. 2001. P. 196–201. Ye X.D., Chang R., Fox N. The history of falconry in China. – Falco. 2002. 20. P. 13. Ye X.D., Ma M. China 2001. – Falco. 2002. 19. P. 5–6.

Ă?ĂĽĂ°ĂĂ Ă˛ĂťĂĽ ĂľĂ¨ĂšĂĂ¨ĂŞĂ¨ Ă¨ Ă¨Ăľ ĂŽĂľĂ°Ă ĂĂ 2007, 8

Ă&#x2C6;Ă§ĂłĂˇĂĽĂĂ¨ĂĽ ĂŻĂĽĂ°ĂĂ Ă˛ĂťĂľ ĂľĂ¨ĂšĂĂ¨ĂŞĂŽĂ˘

Raptors Research Đ&#x2DC;Đ&#x2014;ĐŁĐ§Đ&#x2022;Đ?Đ&#x2DC;Đ&#x2022; Đ&#x;Đ&#x2022;Đ Đ?Đ?Đ˘ĐŤĐĽ ĐĽĐ&#x2DC;ĐŠĐ?Đ&#x2DC;Đ&#x161;Đ&#x17E;Đ&#x2019; The Saker Falcon in pine forests of north-eastern Kazakhstan Đ&#x2018;Đ?Đ&#x203A;Đ&#x17E;Đ&#x2018;Đ?Đ? Đ&#x2019; Đ&#x2018;Đ&#x17E;Đ Đ?ĐĽ ĐĄĐ&#x2022;Đ&#x2019;Đ&#x2022;Đ Đ&#x17E;-Đ&#x2019;Đ&#x17E;ĐĄĐ˘Đ&#x17E;Đ§Đ?Đ&#x17E;Đ&#x201C;Đ&#x17E; Đ&#x161;Đ?Đ&#x2014;Đ?ĐĽĐĄĐ˘Đ?Đ?Đ? A. Levin (Institute of Zoology, Ministry of Education and Sciences, Almaty, Kazakhstan) S. Shmigalev (Bird Conservation Union of Kazakhstan) A. Dixon (Wildlife International Consultants Ltd., UK) T. Kunka (Volunteer, Czech Republic) Đ?. Đ&#x203A;ĐľĐ˛Đ¸Đ˝ (Đ&#x2DC;Đ˝Ń Ń&#x201A;Đ¸Ń&#x201A; Ń&#x201A; ĐˇĐžĐžĐťĐž Đ¸Đ¸, Đ&#x153;Đ¸Đ˝Đ¸Ń Ń&#x201A;ĐľŃ&#x20AC;Ń Ń&#x201A;Đ˛Đž ĐžĐąŃ&#x20AC;Đ°ĐˇĐžĐ˛Đ°Đ˝Đ¸Ń? Đ¸ Đ˝Đ° Đ¸, Đ?ĐťĐźĐ°Ń&#x201A;Ń&#x2039;, Đ&#x161;Đ°ĐˇĐ°Ń&#x2026;Ń Ń&#x201A;Đ°Đ˝) ĐĄ. Đ¨ĐźŃ&#x2039; Đ°ĐťŃ&#x2018;Đ˛ (ĐĄĐžŃ&#x17D;Đˇ ĐžŃ&#x2026;Ń&#x20AC;Đ°Đ˝Ń&#x2039; ĐżŃ&#x201A;Đ¸Ń&#x2020; Đ&#x161;Đ°ĐˇĐ°Ń&#x2026;Ń Ń&#x201A;Đ°Đ˝Đ°) A. Đ&#x201D;Đ¸ Ń ĐžĐ˝ (Đ&#x153;ĐľĐśĐ´ Đ˝Đ°Ń&#x20AC;ĐžĐ´Đ˝Đ°Ń? ĐžĐ˝Ń ĐťŃ&#x152;Ń&#x201A;Đ°Ń&#x201A;Đ¸Đ˛Đ˝Đ°Ń? Ń&#x20AC; ĐżĐżĐ° ĐżĐž ĐśĐ¸Đ˛ĐžŃ&#x201A;Đ˝ĐžĐź ĐźĐ¸Ń&#x20AC; , Đ&#x2019;ĐľĐťĐ¸ ĐžĐąŃ&#x20AC;Đ¸Ń&#x201A;Đ°Đ˝Đ¸Ń?) Đ˘. Đ&#x161; Đ˝ Đ° (Đ&#x2019;ĐžĐťĐžĐ˝Ń&#x201A;Ń&#x2018;Ń&#x20AC;, Đ ĐľŃ Đż ĐąĐťĐ¸ Đ° Đ§ĐľŃ&#x2026;Đ¸Ń?) Ă&#x160;ĂŽĂĂ˛Ă ĂŞĂ˛: Ă&#x20AC;ĂĂ Ă˛ĂŽĂŤĂ¨ĂŠ Ă&#x2039;ĂĽĂ˘Ă¨Ă Ă&#x2039;Ă ĂĄĂŽĂ°Ă Ă˛ĂŽĂ°Ă¨Ăż ĂŽĂ°ĂĂ¨Ă˛ĂŽĂŤĂŽĂŁĂ¨Ă¨ Ă&#x2C6;ĂĂąĂ˛Ă¨Ă˛ĂłĂ˛ Ă§ĂŽĂŽĂŤĂŽĂŁĂ¨Ă¨ Ă&#x152;Ă¨ĂĂ¨ĂąĂ˛ĂĽĂ°ĂąĂ˛Ă˘Ă ĂŽĂĄĂ°Ă Ă§ĂŽĂ˘Ă ĂĂ¨Ăż Ă¨ ĂĂ ĂłĂŞĂ¨ Ă&#x160;Ă Ă§Ă ĂľĂąĂ˛Ă ĂĂ Ă&#x160;Ă Ă§Ă ĂľĂąĂ˛Ă Ă 480060 Ă&#x20AC;ĂŤĂŹĂ Ă˛Ăť Ă&#x20AC;ĂŞĂ Ă¤ĂĽĂŹĂŁĂŽĂ°ĂŽĂ¤ĂŽĂŞ ĂłĂŤ. Ă&#x20AC;ĂŤĂź-Ă&#x201D;Ă Ă°Ă ĂĄĂ¨, 93 Ă˛ĂĽĂŤ.: +7 (3272) 694876 Ă´Ă ĂŞĂą: +7 (3272) 694870 inst.zoo@nursat.kz levin_saker@nursat.kz Contact: Anatoliy Levin Laboratory of Ornithology Institute of Zoology Al-Faraby str., 93 Akademgorodok 480060 Almaty Kazakhstan tel.: +7 (3272) 694876 fax: +7 (3272) 694870 inst.zoo@nursat.kz levin_saker@nursat.kz

Ă&#x201A;Ă˘ĂĽĂ¤ĂĽĂĂ¨ĂĽ Ă&#x17D;ĂąĂłĂšĂĽĂąĂ˛Ă˘ĂŤĂżĂĽĂŹĂťĂĽ Ă˘ Ă&#x160;Ă Ă§Ă ĂľĂąĂ˛Ă ĂĂĽ Ă Ă˘Ă¨Ă´Ă ĂłĂĂ¨ĂąĂ˛Ă¨ĂˇĂĽĂąĂŞĂ¨ĂĽ Ă¨ĂąĂąĂŤĂĽĂ¤ĂŽĂ˘Ă ĂĂ¨Ăż ĂŻĂ°Ă ĂŞĂ˛Ă¨ĂˇĂĽĂąĂŞĂ¨ ĂĂĽ Ă§Ă Ă˛Ă°Ă ĂŁĂ¨Ă˘Ă ĂŤĂ¨ ĂŤĂĽĂąĂŽĂ˘ ĂąĂĽĂ˘ĂĽĂ°ĂŽ-Ă˘ĂŽĂąĂ˛ĂŽĂˇĂĂŽĂŠ ĂˇĂ ĂąĂ˛Ă¨ ĂąĂ˛Ă°Ă ĂĂť (Ă&#x201E;ĂŽĂŤĂŁĂłĂ¸Ă¨Ă, 1960). Ă?ĂĽĂ°Ă˘ĂŽĂĽ Ă§Ă ĂŻĂŽĂąĂŤĂĽĂ¤ĂĂ¨ĂĽ 50 ĂŤĂĽĂ˛ ĂŻĂ°ĂŽĂ¤ĂŽĂŤĂŚĂ¨Ă˛ĂĽĂŤĂźĂĂŽĂĽ ĂŽĂ°ĂĂ¨Ă˛ĂŽĂŤĂŽĂŁĂ¨ĂˇĂĽĂąĂŞĂŽĂĽ ĂŽĂĄĂąĂŤĂĽĂ¤ĂŽĂ˘Ă ĂĂ¨ĂĽ Ă˝Ă˛ĂŽĂŁĂŽ Ă°ĂĽĂŁĂ¨ĂŽĂĂ Ă&#x160;Ă Ă§Ă ĂľĂąĂ˛Ă ĂĂ ĂĄĂťĂŤĂŽ ĂŻĂ°ĂŽĂ˘ĂĽĂ¤ĂĽĂĂŽ ĂąĂŽĂ˛Ă°ĂłĂ¤ĂĂ¨ĂŞĂ ĂŹĂ¨ Ă&#x2C6;ĂĂąĂ˛Ă¨Ă˛ĂłĂ˛Ă Ă§ĂŽĂŽĂŤĂŽĂŁĂ¨Ă¨ Ă?Ă ĂśĂ¨ĂŽĂĂ ĂŤĂźĂĂŽĂŠ Ă&#x20AC;ĂŞĂ Ă¤ĂĽĂŹĂ¨Ă¨ ĂĂ ĂłĂŞ Ă˘ Ă¨ĂžĂĂĽ 1989 ĂŁ. (Ă&#x160;ĂŽĂ˘Ă¸Ă Ă°Ăź, Ă&#x2022;Ă°ĂŽĂŞĂŽĂ˘, 1993). Ă&#x201A; Ă?Ă Ă˘ĂŤĂŽĂ¤Ă Ă°ĂąĂŞĂŽĂŹ Ă?Ă°Ă¨Ă¨Ă°Ă˛ĂťĂ¸ĂźĂĽ ĂĂ ĂŹĂ Ă°Ă¸Ă°ĂłĂ˛ĂĽ Ă˘ 1050 ĂŞĂŹ Ă˘ Ă°Ă Ă§ĂŤĂ¨ĂˇĂĂťĂľ ĂĄĂ¨ĂŽĂ˛ĂŽĂŻĂ Ăľ (ĂŽĂ˛ĂŞĂ°ĂťĂ˛ĂťĂĽ ĂŻĂ°ĂŽĂąĂ˛Ă°Ă ĂĂąĂ˛Ă˘Ă , ĂŽĂ§Â¸Ă°Ă , ĂŤĂĽĂąĂ ) ĂĄĂťĂŤĂŽ Ă§Ă Ă°ĂĽĂŁĂ¨ĂąĂ˛Ă°Ă¨Ă°ĂŽĂ˘Ă ĂĂŽ 139 Ă˘Ă¨Ă¤ĂŽĂ˘ ĂŻĂ˛Ă¨Ăś. Ă?Ă°Ă¨ ĂŽĂąĂŹĂŽĂ˛Ă°ĂĽ ĂąĂŽĂąĂĂŽĂ˘ĂťĂľ ĂĄĂŽĂ°ĂŽĂ˘ ĂĄĂ ĂŤĂŽĂĄĂ Ă (Falco cherrug) ĂĄĂťĂŤ ĂŽĂ˛ĂŹĂĽĂˇĂĽĂ Ă¤Ă˘Ă ĂŚĂ¤Ăť: ĂŁĂĂĽĂ§Ă¤ĂŽ Ăą 5 ĂŽĂŻĂĽĂ°ĂżĂžĂšĂ¨ĂŹĂ¨ĂąĂż ĂŻĂ˛ĂĽĂĂśĂ ĂŹĂ¨ ĂĄĂťĂŤĂŽ ĂĂ ĂŠĂ¤ĂĽĂĂŽ 10 Ă¨ĂžĂĂż Ă˘ Ă°Ă ĂŠĂŽĂĂĽ ĂŽĂ§. Ă&#x2DC;ĂŽĂ¸ĂŞĂ ĂŤĂť, Ă¨ ĂŽĂ¤Ă¨ĂĂŽĂˇĂĂłĂž ĂŽĂąĂŽĂĄĂź Ă˘Ă¨Ă¤ĂĽĂŤĂ¨ Ăł ĂŻĂŽĂą. Ă&#x2014;ĂĽĂŞĂ . Ă&#x201A; ĂąĂŻĂ¨ĂąĂŞĂĽ Ă˘ĂąĂ˛Ă°ĂĽĂˇĂĽĂĂĂťĂľ ĂŻĂ˛Ă¨Ăś Ă Ă˘Ă˛ĂŽĂ°Ăť ĂĂĽ ĂŻĂ°Ă¨Ă˘ĂŽĂ¤ĂżĂ˛ ĂŹĂŽĂŁĂ¨ĂŤĂźĂĂ¨ĂŞĂ (Aquila heliaca), ĂżĂ˘ĂŤĂżĂžĂšĂĽĂŁĂŽĂąĂż ĂĂ Ă¨ĂĄĂŽĂŤĂĽĂĽ ĂŽĂĄĂťĂˇĂĂŽĂŠ ĂľĂ¨ĂšĂĂŽĂŠ ĂŻĂ˛Ă¨ĂśĂĽĂŠ ĂĄĂŽĂ°ĂŽĂ˘. Ă?ĂĽĂ°Ă˘Ă Ăż ĂŻĂŽĂŻĂťĂ˛ĂŞĂ ĂŻĂ°ĂŽĂ˘ĂĽĂ¤ĂĽĂĂ¨Ăż ĂłĂˇÂ¸Ă˛Ă ĂľĂ¨ĂšĂĂťĂľ ĂŻĂ˛Ă¨Ăś Ă˘ ĂŽĂąĂ˛Ă°ĂŽĂ˘ĂĂťĂľ Ă¨ ĂŤĂĽĂĂ˛ĂŽĂˇĂĂťĂľ ĂąĂŽĂąĂĂŽĂ˘ĂťĂľ ĂŤĂĽĂąĂ Ăľ Ă?Ă Ă˘ĂŤĂŽĂ¤Ă Ă°ĂąĂŞĂŽĂŠ Ă¨ Ă&#x201A;ĂŽĂąĂ˛ĂŽĂˇĂĂŽ-Ă&#x160;Ă Ă§Ă ĂľĂąĂ˛Ă ĂĂąĂŞĂŽĂŠ ĂŽĂĄĂŤĂ ĂąĂ˛ĂĽĂŠ ĂĄĂťĂŤĂ ĂŻĂ°ĂĽĂ¤ĂŻĂ°Ă¨ĂĂżĂ˛Ă ĂąĂŽĂ˘ĂŹĂĽĂąĂ˛ĂĂŽĂŠ ĂŞĂ Ă§Ă ĂľĂąĂ˛Ă ĂĂąĂŞĂŽ-Ă°ĂŽĂąĂąĂ¨ĂŠĂąĂŞĂŽĂŠ Ă˝ĂŞĂąĂŻĂĽĂ¤Ă¨ĂśĂ¨ĂĽĂŠ Ă˘ĂĽĂąĂĂŽĂŠ 2005 ĂŁ. Ă&#x2021;Ă ĂŻĂĽĂ°Ă¨ĂŽĂ¤ Ă°Ă ĂĄĂŽĂ˛Ăť Ăą 13 ĂŻĂŽ 23 ĂŹĂ Ăż Ă˘ ĂĄĂŽĂ°Ă Ăľ ĂąĂĽĂ˘ĂĽĂ°ĂŽ-Ă˘ĂŽĂąĂ˛ĂŽĂˇĂĂŽĂŁĂŽ Ă°ĂĽĂŁĂ¨ĂŽĂĂ ĂąĂ˛Ă°Ă ĂĂť ĂĄĂťĂŤĂ¨ ĂŽĂ˛ĂŹĂĽĂˇĂĽĂĂť 16 Ă˘Ă¨Ă¤ĂŽĂ˘ Ă¤ĂĂĽĂ˘ĂĂťĂľ ĂľĂ¨ĂšĂĂťĂľ ĂŻĂ˛Ă¨Ăś, ĂĂ ĂŠĂ¤ĂĽĂĂť Ă¨ Ă§Ă ĂŞĂ Ă°Ă˛Ă¨Ă°ĂŽĂ˘Ă ĂĂť ĂŁĂÂ¸Ă§Ă¤Ă ĂĄĂŽĂŤĂźĂ¸Ă¨ĂĂąĂ˛Ă˘Ă Ă¨Ă§ ĂĂ¨Ăľ. Ă&#x17D;ĂąĂĂŽĂ˘ĂĂŽĂĽ Ă˘ĂĂ¨ĂŹĂ ĂĂ¨ĂĽ ĂĄĂťĂŤĂŽ ĂłĂ¤ĂĽĂŤĂĽĂĂŽ Ă˘ĂťĂżĂąĂĂĽĂĂ¨Ăž ĂąĂŻĂĽĂśĂ¨Ă´Ă¨ĂŞĂ¨ Ă°Ă ĂąĂŻĂ°ĂŽĂąĂ˛Ă°Ă ĂĂĽĂĂ¨Ăż ĂĄĂ ĂŤĂŽ-

Under the project ÂŤSaker Falcon in Central AsiaÂť we visited pine forests in north-eastern Kazakhstan since 20 April to 17 May 2006. We moved by vehicle along the edge of forest on the distance 100â&#x20AC;&#x201C;300 m and stopped between every 2â&#x20AC;&#x201C;3 km for observing the largest trees through a telescope and finding nests of raptors. Locations of found nests we identified with GPS Garmin 72. After that all new data included in the database in GIS. A total of route length along forests in the Pavlodar and Vostochno-Kazakhstankaya districts was 1485 km. We found 10 nests of the Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug), 31 nests of the Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca), 3 nests of the Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) and a nest of the Shorttoed Eagle (Circaetus gallicus) during 2 weeks since 24 April. For distinguishing the clutch size and approximate dates of breeding period we checked one nest where found 5 eggs on 26 April. From two nests that had been found in 2005 the first nest was empty, the second was destroyed (the nesting pine was sawed down by woodcutters). During our work since 8 to 17 May in pine forests in the Semipalatinsk district we found 4 nests of the Imperial Eagle, 3 nests of the Saker Falcon and the Goshawk each, 2 nests of the Booted Eagle (Hieraaetus pennatus) and per a nest of the Great Spotted Eagle (Aquila clanga) and Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo) each. The distance between two nests of Sakers that were found on 8 May was 3.48 km.

Raptors Research

Òèïè÷íîå ãíåçäî áàëîáàíà (Falco cherrug) â ïîñòðîéêå ìîãèëüíèêà (Aquila heliaca). Ôîòî À. Ëåâèíà The typical nest of the Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug) placed in an old nest of the Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca). Photo by A. Levin

Raptors Conservation 2007, 8

áàíà è ïîèñêó åãî ãí¸çä. Íà ìàðøðóòå ðåãèñòðèðîâàëè òàêæå âñå ãíåçäîâûå òåððèòîðèè ìîãèëüíèêà, ÿâëÿþùåãîñÿ îñíîâíûì ïîñòàâùèêîì ãí¸çä äëÿ áàëîáàíà. Çà óêàçàííûé âûøå ïåðèîä áûëî âûÿâëåíî 20 ãíåçäîâûõ òåððèòîðèé áàëîáàíà, íà êîòîðûõ íàéäåíî 10 æèëûõ ãí¸çä. Â ñåìè èç íèõ ïòèöû ñèäåëè íà êëàäêàõ, è â òð¸õ áûëè ïòåíöû. Êðîìå òîãî, çà âðåìÿ ðàáîòû â

We surveyed the eastern forest belt and a forest part from Russian border to the Irtysh river since 11 to 17 May. The total length of circle route around that forests was 321 km. The single nest of the Saker Falcon with hatching bird was found on 16 May near Zhernovka village. The Imperial Eagle was a rare species too for that region – we found only 2 nests for a week. From two nests that had been checked last year and located along our route one nest was occupied by the Imperial Eagle another nest was with the signs of occupancy but empty at the moment of visiting. On the southern edge of forest along the Irtysh river flood-lands we didn’t fine nests of Sakers and Imperial Eagles but a lot of the Black Kite (Milvus migrans) were registered breeding there. In spite of forests of the Pavlodar and Semipalatinsk districts were established as protected areas, now they are exploited actively by forest industry. Following the resolutions of the Forest and Hunting Management Committee forest services regularly carry out sanitary logging of trees more than 100 years old. As a result perennial nests of large raptors located on such trees are regularly destroyed and a number of old trees suitable for nesting are decreasing. There are also premeditated arsons of fragments of old aged forest. Under such conditions for protection of large raptors the Forest and Hunting Management Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan should realize in cooperation with ornithologists the scientific program on mapping and following monitoring inhabit places of species that were included in the Red Data Book of Kazakhstan and International list of global endangered species. And forest services are important to control the population conditions of that birds themselves under the managing of specialists of the Institute of Zoology. The authors are grateful to the management of ERWDA and the project-leader Nick Fox for scientific, financing and technical support. Authors thank Igor Karyakin and Timofey Barabashin for methodical help and information about nest location of the Saker Falcon and other raptors that they found in the forest-steppe zone in Kazakhstan.

Ðèñ. 1. Ðàñïðåäåëåíèå àêòèâíûõ ãí¸çä ìîãèëüíèêà (Aquila heliaca) è áàëîáàíà (Falco cherrug) â áîðàõ ñåâåðî-âîñòî÷íîãî Êàçàõñòàíà â 2005 è 2006 ãã. Fig. 1. Distribution active nests of the Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca) and Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug) in pineforests of north-eastern Kazakhstan in 2005 and 2006

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 8 ëåñàõ áûëî îáíàðóæåíî 60 ãíåçäîâûõ òåððèòîðèé ìîãèëüíèêà ñ 47 æèëûìè ãíåçäàìè (Êàðÿêèí è äð., 2005; Êàðïîâ è äð., 2006). Èç-çà äåôèöèòà âðåìåíè â 2005 ã. óäàëîñü îáñëåäîâàòü ëèøü ëåñà Ïàâëîäàðñêîé îáëàñòè, â òî âðåìÿ êàê íàèáîëåå êðóïíûå ëåñíûå ìàññèâû ðàñïîëàãàþòñÿ â Âîñòî÷íî-Êàçàõñòàíñêîé îáëàñòè. Äëÿ ñáîðà äîïîëíèòåëüíîãî ìàòåðèàëà ïî ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèþ è ÷èñëåííîñòè áàëîáàíà â Ïàâëîäàðñêîé îáëàñòè, à òàêæå äëÿ âûÿñíåíèÿ ñèòóàöèè ñ áàëîáàíîì è äðóãèìè õèùíûìè ïòèöàìè â Ñåìèïàëàòèíñêèõ ëåñàõ â ýòîò ðåãèîí â 2006 ã. áûëà îñóùåñòâëåíà ïîâòîðíàÿ ýêñïåäèöèÿ (ðèñ. 1).

Ìàòåðèàë è ìåòîäèêà

Êëàäêà áàëîáàíà â ñòàðîì ãíåçäå ìîãèëüíèêà. Ôîòî À. Äèêñîíà Clutch of Saker Falcon in an old Imperial Eagle nest. Photo by A. Dixon

Ýêñïåäèöèÿ ïðîõîäèëà â ïåðèîä ñ 20 àïðåëÿ ïî 17 ìàÿ 2006 ã. â ðàìêàõ ïðîåêòà «Áàëîáàí â Öåíòðàëüíîé Àçèè». Îñíîâíûå öåëè äàííîãî ýòàïà ïîëåâûõ ðàáîò: èçó÷åíèå ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ è îöåíêà ÷èñëåííîñòè áàëîáàíà â ñîñíîâûõ ëåñàõ ñåâåðíîãî è âîñòî÷íîãî Êàçàõñòàíà; ìîíèòîðèíã ãíåçäîâûõ òåððèòîðèé áàëîáàíà è ìîãèëüíèêà, îáíàðóæåííûõ â ëåñàõ â 2005 ã. Ïðè ïîèñêå ãí¸çä ïðèìåíÿëè ìåòîäè÷åñêèå ïðè¸ìû, çàèìñòâîâàííûå ó ðîññèéñêèõ ó÷àñòíèêîâ ýêñïåäèöèè 2005 ã. (Êàðÿêèí è äð., 2005). Äëÿ âûáîðà ó÷àñòêîâ ëåñà, ïîäõîäÿùèõ äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ îðëîâ è ñîêîëîâ, èñïîëüçîâàëè êîñìè÷åñêèå ñíèìêè, õîðîøî ïåðåäàþùèå âîçðàñò, òèï è ñòðóêòóðó ëåñà. Äâèãàÿñü íà àâòîìîáèëå âäîëü êðîìêè íà ðàññòîÿíèè 100–300 ì, îñòàíàâëèâàëèñü êàæäûå 2–3 êì è â òåëåñêîï îñìàòðèâàëè íàèáîëåå êðóïíûå äåðåâüÿ. Òî÷íîå ãåîãðàôè÷åñêîå ïîëîæåíèå îáíàðóæåííûõ ãí¸çä ôèêñèðîâàëè ñ ïîìîùüþ ïåðñîíàëüíîãî ñïóòíèêîâîãî íàâèãàòîðà Garmin 72. Ïîëó÷åííóþ çà äåíü èíôîðìàöèþ âíîñèëè â ÃÈÑ. Ïòèö, ìåñòà ðàñïîëîæåíèÿ ãí¸çä è èõ ñîäåðæèìîå ñíèìàëè íà öèôðîâóþ êàìåðó Nikon Coolpix 5700. Äëèíà ìàðøðóòà ïî ëåñàì Ïàâëîäàðñêîé è Âîñòî÷íî-Êàçàõñòàíñêîé îáëàñòåé ñîñòàâèëà 1485 êì. Â 2006 ã. íà çíàêîìñòâî ñ ëåñíûìè ìàññèâàìè áûëî çàòðà÷åíî 4 íåäåëè ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñ îäíîé íåäåëåé â ïðåäûäóùèé ñåçîí. Íàèáîëüøåå âíèìàíèå áûëî óäåëåíî ñîõðàíèâøèìñÿ îò ïîæàðîâ

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

Ñàìêà áàëîáàíà â ãíåçäå. Ôîòî Ò. Êóíêà A female of the Saker Falcon in the nest. Photo by T. Kunk

ó÷àñòêàì ñòàðîãî ëåñà, èìåþùèì õîðîøî âûðàæåííóþ êðîìêó è ãðàíè÷àùèì ñî çíà÷èòåëüíûìè îòêðûòûìè ïðîñòðàíñòâàìè. Èìåííî íà äîìèíèðóþùèõ ñòàðîâîçðàñòíûõ ñîñíàõ, ñòîÿùèõ íà îïóøêå ëåñà, ìîãèëüíèêè îáû÷íî ñòðîÿò ñâîè ãí¸çäà. Îïóøêè áîðîâ ñî ñòàðûìè ñîñíàìè óäîâëåòâîðÿþò è ïîòðåáíîñòè áàëîáàíîâ, ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ â ïîñòðîéêàõ ìîãèëüíèêà è îõîòÿùèõñÿ íà îòêðûòûõ ïðîñòðàíñòâàõ. Ñ 24 àïðåëÿ ïî 7 ìàÿ íàìè áûëè îáñëåäîâàíû ëåñíûå ìàññèâû Øàëäàéñêîãî ëåñíè÷åñòâà – íàèáîëåå êðóïíûå áîðû â Ïàâëîäàðñêîé îáëàñòè. Íåñìîòðÿ íà òî, ÷òî â ðàçíîå âðåìÿ îíè ïîñòðàäàëè îò ïîæàðîâ, â íèõ ñîõðàíèëèñü ó÷àñòêè ñòàðîãî ëåñà ñ âûðàæåííîé îïóøêîé, ãðàíè÷àùèå ñî çíà÷èòåëüíûìè ïî ïëîùàäè ñòåïíûìè ó÷àñòêàìè. Íåêîòîðûå èç ýòèõ ó÷àñòêîâ îêàéìëåíû ïîñàäêàìè ñîñíû ðàçíîãî âîçðàñòà. Ïî÷òè ïîëîâèíó òåððèòîðèè ëåñõîçà çàíèìàþò ãàðè, ïðàêòè÷åñêè ëèø¸ííûå ãí¸çä õèùíûõ ïòèö. Î÷åðåäíîå ÷ðåçâû÷àéíîå ïðîèñøåñòâèå èìåëî ìåñòî 22 àïðåëÿ – çà 2 äíÿ äî íàøåãî ïðèåçäà â Øàëäàé â î÷åðåäíîì ïîæàðå ñãîðåëî åù¸ 15 òûñ. ãà ëåñà. Îáñëåäîâàíèå Øàëäàéñêîãî áîðà íà÷àëè ñ õîðîøî âûðàæåííîé è ïðîòÿæ¸ííîé ñåâåðíîé êðîìêè, òÿíóùåéñÿ îò ïîñ. Ãàëêèíî äî ðîññèéñêîé ãðàíèöû. Çà äâà äíÿ, 24 è 25 àïðåëÿ, íàìè áûëè ïðîâåðåíû 9 ãí¸çä ìîãèëüíèêà. Âî âñåõ 9 ãí¸çäàõ ïòèöû ñèäåëè íà êëàäêàõ (â îäíîé èç ïðîâåðåííûõ ïîñòðîåê áûëî 2 ÿéöà). Ïëîòíîñòü ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ìîãèëüíèêà íà ýòîì ó÷àñòêå ñîñòàâèëà 9 ïàð íà 49,9 êì ïðè ñðåäíåì ðàññòîÿíèè ìåæäó ãíåçäàìè 5,54 êì. Ìèíèìàëüíîå ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó æèëûìè ïîñòðîéêàìè – 2,15 êì. Ìû ïîñåòèëè òàêæå ãíåçäî áàëîáàíà, âûÿâëåííîå â ïðåäûäóùåì ñåçîíå, – îíî îêàçàëîñü ïóñòûì. Çàòåì áûëè îñìîòðåíû êðîìêè ëåñíûõ ìàññèâîâ â ðàéîíå ïîñ. Øàëäàé, Åñèëüáàé, Êîðò, Ìàéêàï÷àãàé è Êàçàíòàé. Ïåðñïåê-

Raptors Research

Ñîñíà ñ ãíåçäîì áàëîáàíà, ñïèëåííàÿ ëåñîðóáàìè. Ôîòî À. Ëåâèíà A pine tree with the saker’s nest felled by woodcutters. Photo by A. Levin

Raptors Conservation 2007, 8 òèâíîé îêàçàëàñü þæíàÿ êðîìêà Øàëäàéñêîãî ìàññèâà, èäóùàÿ â øèðîòíîì íàïðàâëåíèè îò ïîñ. Ñàðûîçåê äî ðîññèéñêîé ãðàíèöû. Â 2005 ã. çäåñü áûëè íàéäåíû 2 ãíåçäà áàëîáàíà è 4 ãíåçäà ìîãèëüíèêà. Â 2006 ã. ìû íàøëè íà ýòîé æå êðîìêå åù¸ 2 ãíåçäà áàëîáàíà è 5 ãí¸çä ìîãèëüíèêà. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, çà 2 ãîäà íà ìàðøðóòå äëèíîé 64,15 êì áûëî âûÿâëåíî 4 ãíåçäà áàëîáàíà ñî ñðåäíèì ðàññòîÿíèåì ìåæäó íèìè 16,04 êì è ìèíèìàëüíûì – 9,26 êì, à òàêæå 9 ãí¸çä ìîãèëüíèêîâ ñî ñðåäíèì ðàññòîÿíèåì ìåæäó íèìè 7,13 êì è ìèíèìàëüíûì ðàññòîÿíèåì 1,69 êì. Ïëîòíîå ïîñåëåíèå õèùíûõ ïòèö áûëî îáíàðóæåíî ïðè îáñëåäîâàíèè îòäåëüíîãî ëåñíîãî ìàññèâà ê âîñòîêó îò ïîñ. Ùåðáàêòû. Íà êðîìêå äëèíîé 35,16 âñòðå÷åíî 4 ãíåçäà áàëîáàíà ñî ñðåäíèì ðàññòîÿíèåì ìåæäó íèìè 8,79 êì è 7 ãí¸çä ìîãèëüíèêà ñî ñðåäíèì ðàññòîÿíèåì ìåæäó íèìè 5,02 êì. Ìèíèìàëüíûå ðàññòîÿíèÿ ìåæäó ïîñòðîéêàìè ó ýòèõ âèäîâ – 4,45 è 4,33 êì ñîîòâåòñòâåííî. Èòàê, çà äâå íåäåëè, íà÷èíàÿ ñ 24 àïðåëÿ, â áîðàõ Ïàâëîäàðñêîé îáëàñòè â îáùåé ñëîæíîñòè íàéäåíî 10 ãí¸çä áàëîáàíà, 31 ãíåçäî ìîãèëüíèêà, 3 ãíåçäà ÿñòðåáà-òåòåðåâÿòíèêà (Accipiter gentilis) è ãíåçäî çìååÿäà (Circaetus gallicus). Áàëîáàíîâ â îáíàðóæåííûõ ãí¸çäàõ íå òðåâîæèëè, ïîñêîëüêó áîëüøàÿ ÷àñòü ñàìîê ñèäåëà íà êëàäêàõ. Äëÿ âûÿñíåíèÿ ðàçìåðà êëàäêè è ïðèìåðíûõ ñðîêîâ ðàçìíîæåíèÿ âûáîðî÷íî ïðîâåðèëè îäíî ãíåçäî, â êîòîðîì 26 àïðåëÿ íàõîäèëîñü 5 ÿèö. Ïðè çíàêîìñòâå ñ íîâûìè òåððèòîðèÿìè ñòàðàëèñü ïîñåòèòü è òå ãí¸çäà, êîòîðûå áûëè âûÿâëåíû â 2005 ã. Èç äâóõ çàíèìàâøèõñÿ áàëîáàíîì ïîñòðîåê îäíà îêàçàëàñü ïóñòîé, âòîðàÿ áûëà óíè÷òîæåíà ëåñîðóáàìè: ñïèëåíà ñòàðàÿ ñîñíà, íà

êîòîðîé ýòî ãíåçäî ðàñïîëàãàëîñü. Ïðîâåðåíû òàêæå 11 ãí¸çä ìîãèëüíèêà, íà 8 èç êîòîðûõ îòìå÷åíû íàñèæèâàþùèå ïòèöû, îäíî çàíÿòî ïàðîé áàëîáàíîâ, îäíàêî êëàêó íå ñîäåðæàëî, îäíî çàáðîøåíî è åù¸ îäíî îêàçàëîñü íà çåìëå, ïîñêîëüêó ñïèëèëè äåðåâî. Â áîðàõ Ñåìèïàëàòèíñêîãî ðåãèîíà ðàáîòà âåëàñü ñ 8 ïî 17 ìàÿ, òîãäà êàê â 2005 ã. íàì óäàëîñü ïðîâåñòè â ýòèõ ëåñàõ ëèøü 2 äíÿ. Â îòëè÷èå îò ñîñíîâûõ ëåñîâ Ïàâëîäàðñêîé îáëàñòè îíè ðàñïîëàãàþòñÿ íà ïåñ÷àíûõ ïî÷âàõ, çà÷àñòóþ íà òðóäíî ïðîõîäèìûõ áóãðèñòûõ ïåñêàõ. Ñåìèïàëàòèíñêèå ëåñà åù¸ â áîëüøåé ñòåïåíè ïîñòðàäàëè îò ïîæàðîâ, îãðîìíûå ïëîùàäè çàíèìàþò ãàðè. Ó÷àñòêè ñòàðîãî ëåñà ñ õîðîøèìè îïóøêàìè íåâåëèêè ïî ðàçìåðàì. ×àñòî êðîìêà ñòàðîãî ëåñà ïðèêðûòà ìîëîäûìè ïîñàäêàìè, ÷òî çíà÷èòåëüíî óìåíüøàåò âåðîÿòíîñòü ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ìîãèëüíèêîâ è áàëîáàíîâ. Çà ïåðèîä ðàáîòû â áîðàõ Ñåìèïàëàòèíñêîãî ðåãèîíà áûëî íàéäåíî ÷åòûðå ãíåçäà ìîãèëüíèêà, ïî 3 ãíåçäà áàëîáàíà è òåòåðåâÿòíèêà, 2 ãíåçäà îðëà-êàðëèêà (Hieraaetus pennatus) (Ëåâèí è äð., 2006) è ïî îäíîìó ãíåçäó áîëüøîãî ïîäîðëèêà (Aquila clanga) è ôèëèíà (Bubo bubo). Äâà ãíåçäà áàëîáàíà èç òð¸õ áûëè îáíàðóæåíû 8 ìàÿ íà êðîìêå ëåñà â ðàéîíå ïîñ. Êàðà-Ìóðçà. Ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó ãíåçäàìè 3,48 êì. Â òå÷åíèå äâóõ äíåé, 9 è 10 ìàÿ, áûëè îñìîòðåíû ëåñíûå ìàññèâû â ðàéîíå ïîñ. Äîëîíü. Íà ìàðøðóòå â 39 êì áûëî ïðîâåðåíî 3 êðóïíûõ ãíåçäà, îäíàêî âñå îíè îêàçàëèñü ïóñòûìè. Â ðàéîíå îäíîãî èç íèõ âèäåëè ëåòàþùåãî áàëîáàíà, íî ïðè îñìîòðå ãíåçäà íàøëè êîñòè çàéöà è äâà ÷åðåïà õîðÿ. Ñêîðåå âñåãî, ýòî ãíåçäî çàíèìàëîñü áåðêóòîì (Aquila chrysaetos). Ñ 11 ïî 17 ìàÿ îáñëåäîâàëè ìîùíóþ ïîëîñó ëåñà, èäóùóþ îò Ñåìèïàëàòèíñêà â ñòîðîíó Ðóáöîâñêà. Â 2005 ã. íàìè áûëà îñìîòðåíà ëèøü çàïàäíàÿ îïóøêà, è íàéäåíî ïî 2 ãíåçäà áàëîáàíà è ìîãèëüíèêà. Â 2006 ã. óäàëîñü ïîñåòèòü âîñòî÷íóþ êðîìêó è îñìîòðåòü ó÷àñòîê îò ðîññèéñêîé ãðàíèöû äî ð. Èðòûø. Ñ áîëüøèì òðóäîì óäàëîñü ïðîåõàòü ïî þæíîé êðîìêå ëåñà, ïåðåäâèãàÿñü ïî ïåñ÷àíîé äîðîãå, ðàçáèòîé ëåñîâîçàìè, ïî áåðåãó Èðòûøà. Ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü êîëüöåâîãî ìàðøðóòà âîêðóã ýòîãî ëåñíîãî ìàññèâà ñîñòàâèëà 321 êì. Åäèíñòâåííîå ãíåçäî áàëîáàíà ñ íàñèæèâàþùåé ïòèöåé áûëî íàéäåíî 16 ìàÿ â ðàéîíå ïîñ. Æåðíîâêà. Ðåäêîé ïòèöåé îêàçàëñÿ â ýòîì ðàéîíå è ìîãèëüíèê – çà

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 8 íåäåëþ óäàëîñü íàéòè ëèøü 2 æèëûõ ãíåçäà. Èç äâóõ ïðîâåðåííûõ ïðîøëîãîäíèõ ãí¸çä áàëîáàíà, îêàçàâøèõñÿ âáëèçè íàøåãî ìàðøðóòà, îäíî áûëî çàíÿòî ìîãèëüíèêîì, äðóãîå áûëî óõîæåíî, íî ïóñòîâàëî. Íà þæíîé êðîìêå ëåñà âäîëü ïîéìû Èðòûøà áàëîáàí è ìîãèëüíèê íå îòìå÷åíû, íî âåçäå â áîëüøîì êîëè÷åñòâå ãíåçäèòñÿ ÷¸ðíûé êîðøóí (Milvus migrans).

Îáñóæäåíèå ìàòåðèàëà Íàáëþäàåòñÿ êîíñåðâàòèâíîñòü ìîãèëüíèêîâ â èñïîëüçîâàíèè ñâîèõ ãíåçäîâûõ ïîñòðîåê ïðè ìîáèëüíîñòè áàëîáàíîâ. Âåñüìà âåðîÿòíî, ÷òî â áîðàõ áîëåå ïîëîâèíû ïàð ãíåçäîâîé ãðóïïèðîâêè áàëîáàíà ãîä îò ãîäà çàíèìàþò íîâûå ïîñòðîéêè, ïåðåìåùàÿñü íà íîâûå ó÷àñòêè, â çàâèñèìîñòè îò èçìåíåíèÿ ñèòóàöèè ñ êîðìîâûì ðåñóðñîì. Íåñìîòðÿ íà òî, ÷òî ëåñà Ïàâëîäàðñêîé è Ñåìèïàëàòèíñêîé îáëàñòåé îáúÿâëåíû íàöèîíàëüíûì äîñòîÿíèåì è âûäåëåíû â êàòåãîðèþ îñîáî îõðàíÿåìûõ òåððèòîðèé,

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ Èìåþùèåñÿ â ëåñõîçàõ áèîëîãè-îõîòîâåäû ðåãóëÿðíî ïðîâîäÿò íà ñâîèõ òåððèòîðèÿõ ó÷¸òû êðóïíûõ æèâîòíûõ, íî ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî òåõ, êîòîðûå ÿâëÿþòñÿ îáúåêòàìè îõîòû. Â ó÷¸òû íå ïîïàäàþò äàæå îðëû, íå ãîâîðÿ óæ î áîëåå ìåëêèõ õèùíûõ ïòèöàõ. Îòäåëüíûå ãíåçäÿùèåñÿ âáëèçè ïîñåëêîâ ïàðû ìîãèëüíèêîâ ïðèíèìàþòñÿ ìåñòíûìè æèòåëÿìè çà áåðêóòîâ. Î ãíåçäîâàíèè áàëîáàíîâ â ëåñõîçàõ, êàê ïðàâèëî, íå çíàþò èëè èìåþò âåñüìà ñìóòíîå ïðåäñòàâëåíèå. Â ñëîæèâøåéñÿ ñèòóàöèè äëÿ ñîõðàíåíèÿ êðóïíûõ õèùíûõ ïòèö Êîìèòåòó ëåñíîãî è îõîòíè÷üåãî õîçÿéñòâà ÐÊ íåîáõîäèìî ïðîâåñòè ñîâìåñòíóþ ñ îðíèòîëîãàìè íàó÷íóþ ïðîãðàììó ïî êàðòèðîâàíèþ è ïîñëåäóþùåìó ìîíèòîðèíãó ìåñò ãíåçäîâàíèÿ âèäîâ, çàíåñ¸ííûõ â Êðàñíóþ êíèãó Êàçàõñòàíà è ìåæäóíàðîäíûé ñïèñîê ãëîáàëüíî óãðîæàåìûõ âèäîâ. Âàæíî, ÷òîáû ñëåæåíèå çà ïîïóëÿöèÿìè ýòèõ ïòèö îñóùåñòâëÿëîñü ñàìèìè ëåñõîçàìè ïîä êîíòðîëåì ñïåöèàëèñòîâ Èíñòèòóòà çîîëîãèè.

Áëàãîäàðíîñòè Àâòîðû ñòàòüè âûðàæàþò ñâîþ áëàãîäàðíîñòü ðóêîâîäñòâó ERWDA è ðóêîâîäèòåëþ ïðîåêòà Íèêó Ôîêñó çà íàó÷íóþ, ôèíàíñîâóþ è òåõíè÷åñêóþ ïîääåðæêó ðàáîòû, îñóùåñòâëÿåìîé â Êàçàõñòàíå. Àâòîðû ïðèçíàòåëüíû òàêæå ÷ëåíàì ðîññèéñêîé ãðóïïû Èãîðþ Êàðÿêèíó è Òèìîôåþ Áàðàáàøèíó çà ìåòîäè÷åñêóþ ïîìîùü è èíôîðìàöèþ î ðàñïîëîæåíèè ãí¸çä áàëîáàíà è äðóãèõ õèùíûõ ïòèö, íàéäåííûõ â ëåñîñòåïíîé çîíå Êàçàõñòàíà.

Ëèòåðàòóðà Ó÷àñòêè áîðà, ñãîðåâøèå â 2006 ã. Ôîòî À. Ëåâèíà The areas of a pine-forest burned in 2006. Photo by A. Levin

â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ âåä¸òñÿ èõ èíòåíñèâíàÿ ýêñïëóàòàöèÿ. Â ðàéîíå ã. Ñåìèïàëàòèíñêà íà ìíîãèõ ó÷àñòêàõ ñòàðîãî ëåñà âåä¸òñÿ íåñàíêöèîíèðîâàííàÿ âûðóáêà. Ïî ïîñòàíîâëåíèþ Êîìèòåòà ëåñíîãî è îõîòíè÷üåãî õîçÿéñòâà ëåñõîçû ðåãóëÿðíî ïðîâîäÿò ñàíèòàðíûå ðóáêè è óäàëÿþò äåðåâüÿ, âîçðàñò êîòîðûõ ïðåâûøàåò 100 ëåò. Âûðóáêà ñòàðûõ äåðåâüåâ ïðèâîäèò ê òîìó, ÷òî ñèñòåìàòè÷åñêè óíè÷òîæàþòñÿ ìíîãîëåòíèå ãí¸çäà êðóïíûõ õèùíûõ ïòèö, è óìåíüøàåòñÿ êîëè÷åñòâî òåõ äåðåâüåâ, íà êîòîðûõ ìîãóò áûòü ïîñòðîåíû íîâûå. Èìåþò ìåñòî ïðåäíàìåðåííûå ïîäæîãè ó÷àñòêîâ ñòàðîãî ëåñà, ÷òî ïîçâîëÿåò ïîñëå ïîæàðà èñïîëüçîâàòü îñòàâøèåñÿ íà ãàðÿõ äåðåâüÿ.

Äîëãóøèí È.À. Ïòèöû Êàçàõñòàíà. Ò.1. ÀëìàÀòà, 1960. 470 ñ. Êàðïîâ Ô.Ô., Ëåâèí À.Ñ., Êàðÿêèí È.Â., Áàðàáàøèí Ò.Î. Íåêîòîðûå ðåçóëüòàòû ïîåçäêè â ñòåïíûå áîðû Êàçàõñòàíà â 2005 ã. – Êàçàõñòàíñêèé îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêèé áþëëåòåíü 2005. Àëìàòû, «Thetis», 2006. Ñ. 45–51. Êàðÿêèí È.Â., Áàðàáàøèí Ò.Î., Ëåâèí À.Ñ., Êàðïîâ Ô.Ô. Ðåçóëüòàòû èññëåäîâàíèé 2005 ã. â ñòåïíûõ áîðàõ íà ñåâåðî-âîñòîêå Êàçàõñòàíà. – Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà. 2005. ¹ 4. Ñ. 34–43. Êîâøàðü À.Ô., Õðîêîâ Â.Â. Ê ôàóíå ïòèö Ïàâëîäàðñêîãî Çàèðòûøüÿ. – Ôàóíà è áèîëîãèÿ ïòèö Êàçàõñòàíà. Àëìàòû, 1993. Ñ. 133–144. Ëåâèí À., Äèêñîí À., Êóíêà Ò., Øìûãàë¸â Ñ. Î ãíåçäîâàíèè îðëà-êàðëèêà íà ñåâåðî-âîñòîêå Êàçàõñòàíà. – Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà. 2006. ¹ 7. Ñ. 66–67.

Raptors Research

Raptors Conservation 2007, 8

Large raptors in the Mugdzhary Mountains, Kazakhstan КРУПНЫЕ ПЕРНАТЫЕ ХИЩНИКИ МУГОДЖАР, КАЗАХСТАН Karyakin I.V. (Center for Field Studies, N.Novgorod, Russia) Pazhenkov A.S. (The Volga-Ural ECONET Assistance Center, Samara, Russia) Kovalenko A.V. (Institute of ecological researches, Almaty, Kazakhstan) Korzhev D.A. (The Volga-Ural ECONET Assistance Center, Samara, Russia) Novikova L.M. (State Nature Reserve «Kerzhensky», N.Novgorod, Russia) Каря ин И.В. (Центр полевых исследований, Н.Нов ород, Россия) Пажен ов А.С. (Центр содействия «Вол о-Уральс ой э оло ичес ой сети», Самара, Россия) Ковален о А.В. (Инстит#т э оло ичес их исследований, Алматы, Казахстан) Коржев Д.А. (Центр содействия «Вол о-Уральс ой э оло ичес ой сети», Самара, Россия) Нови ова Л.М. (Керженс ий заповедни , Н.Нов ород, Россия) Êîíòàêò: Èãîðü Êàðÿêèí Öåíòð ïîëåâûõ èññëåäîâàíèé 603000 Ðîññèÿ Íèæíèé Íîâãîðîä óë. Êîðîëåíêî, 17a-17 òåë.: +7 (8312) 33 38 47 ikar_research@mail.ru Àíäðåé Êîâàëåíêî Èíñòèòóò ýêîëîãè÷åñêèõ èññëåäîâàíèé Àëìàòû 405030 Êàçàõñòàí akoval@nursat.kz Ëþäìèëà Íîâèêîâà Çàïîâåäíèê «Êåðæåíñêèé» 603134 Ðîññèÿ Íèæíèé Íîâãîðîä óë. Êîñòèíà, 2-162 òåë.: +7 (8312) 34 08 32 lyudovik14@yandex.ru Contact: Igor Karyakin Center for Field Studies Korolenko str., 17a-17 Nizhniy Novgorod 603000 Russia tel.: +7 (8312) 33 38 47 ikar_research@mail.ru Andrey Kovalenko Institute of Ecological Researches Almaty 405030 Kazakhstan akoval@nursat.kz Ludmila Novikova State Nature Reserve «Kerzhensky» Kostina str., 2-162 Nizhniy Novgorod 603134 Russia tel.: +7 (8312) 34 08 32 lyudovik14@yandex.ru

Ââåäåíèå

Methods

Ìóãîäæàðû, íåñìîòðÿ íà ñâîþ äîñòóïíîñòü è ïðèâëåêàòåëüíîñòü, âïëîòü äî ïîñëåäíåãî âðåìåíè îñòàâàëèñü «áåëûì ïÿòíîì» íà êàðòå ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ ðÿäà êðóïíûõ ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ. Âïåðâûå îðíèòîôàóíà Ìóãîäæàð èçó÷àëàñü â êîíöå XIX âåêà Ï.Ï. Ñóøêèíûì (1908). Ïîçæå, â ÕÕ âåêå, òåððèòîðèþ ïîñåùàëè À.Í. Êàðàìçèí (1917) è Ñ.Í. Âàðøàâñêèé ñ êîëëåãàìè (1977). Â èþíå 2003 ã. â Ìóãîäæàðàõ, ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî â áàññåéíå Ýìáû, ðàáîòàëà ñîâìåñòíàÿ ðîññèéñêî-êàçàõñòàíñêàÿ ýêñïåäèöèÿ (Êîâøàðü, Äàâûãîðà, 2004).

The Mugodzhary mountains are very ancient mountains located in the center of a wide steppe valley. They are located in the watersheds of the Emba, Or and Irgis rivers. We surveyed the Mugodzhary Mountains on 15–24 May 2004 and on 15–22 May 2006. The total length of the survey routes was 2150 km (1438 km –2004, 712 km – 2006). All the breeding territories of raptors that were found were GPSed and mapped using GIS software (ArcView 3.2a, ESRI, CA, USA) for a subsequent calculation of the breeding density. The study areas included all types of rocks, steppes and forests, which are very characteristic for the surveyed territory. All territory of Mugodzhary with an area of 8917 km 2 has been divided into natural regions (fig. 1, table. 1). A number of species noted as breeding in a study area was extrapolated for the total area of the region with a similar landscape and vegetation conditions. We set 6 study areas with a total area of 1127.96 km2 for the recording of raptors in the Mugodzhary Mountains (fig. 2). Sizes of study areas were 571.23 km2 in 2004 and 304.98 km2 in 2006, the area of overlaying was 8.6%. The territory of Mugodzhary picked out on the GIS includes 96.5% of the territories of study areas. It is 11,2% of the whole territory of Mugodzhary.

Ìåòîäèêà Ìóãîäæàðû – äðåâíèå ãîðû, èìåþùèå âèä ìåëêîñîïî÷íèêà, ëåæàùåãî ñðåäè îáøèðíîé äåíóäàöèîííîé ðàâíèíû â ñóõîñòåïíîé çîíå. Òåððèòîðèÿ ñëóæèò âîäîðàçäåëîì ðåê áàññåéíà Ýìáû, Óðàëà (ð. Îðü) è Òóðãàÿ (ïðèòîêè ð. Èðãèç). Áîëüøóþ å¸ ÷àñòü çàíèìàþò òèï÷àêîâî-êîâûëüíûå è òèï÷àêîâî-ïîëûííûå ñòåïè, â áîëüøèíñòâå ñëó÷àåâ ïîëó÷èâøèå ðàçâèòèå â ïîñëåäíèå äåñÿòèëåòèÿ íà ìåñòå ïîëóïóñòûííûõ ñîîáùåñòâ. Òåððèòîðèÿ ñèëüíî èçðåçàíà îáøèðíîé ñåòüþ âîäîòîêîâ ñ ñîëîí÷àêîâûìè çàïàäèíàìè ïî íèì. Íà ó÷àñòêàõ íàèáîëåå ñèëüíî ïåðåñå÷¸ííîãî ðåëüåôà, ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî ïî çàïàäíûì è ñåâåðíûì ñêëîíàì ñîïîê, è â ãëóáîêî âðåçàííûõ äîëèíàõ âîäîòîêîâ ðàñïðîñòðàíåíû îñòðîâíûå îñèíîâûå è áåð¸çîâûå ëåñà, áîëüøàÿ ÷àñòü êîòîðûõ ïðîéäåíà ïîæàðàìè è ðóáêàìè è ñèëüíî îìîëîæåíà. Ó÷àñò-

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 8 êè ïàøåí èìåþòñÿ ëèøü ïî ïåðèôåðèè ìåëêîñîïî÷íèêà, ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî íà âûïîëîæåííûõ ïðèäîëèííûõ ó÷àñòêàõ Ýìáû è Îðè. Òåððèòîðèÿ Ìóãîäæàð îáñëåäîâàëàñü íàìè 15–24 ìàÿ 2004 ã. è 15–22 ìàÿ 2006 ã. Ïåðâàÿ ýêñïåäèöèÿ îñóùåñòâëÿëàñü â ðàìêàõ ïðîåêòà Èíñòèòóòà èññëåäîâàíèÿ ñîêîëîâ (FRI, IWC Ltd., UK) ïî èçó÷åíèþ áàëîáàíà (Falco cherrug) íà ñðåäñòâà Àãåíòñòâà ïî îõðàíå îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäû ÎÀÝ (ERWDA, UAE), è å¸ êðàòêèå ðåçóëüòàòû óæå áûëè îïóáëèêîâàíû (Ïàæåíêîâ è äð., 2005). Âòîðàÿ ýêñïåäèöèÿ ïðîøëà â ðàìêàõ ïðîåêòà Àññîöèàöèè ñîõðàíåíèÿ áèîðàçíîîáðàçèÿ Êàçàõñòàíà (ÀÑÁÊ) ïî èíâåíòàðèçàöèè êëþ÷åâûõ îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêèõ

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

Results of studies Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) The single active nest was found on 18 May 2006 (fig. 3). It was located on a shelf in the middle section of a cliff 30 m high. Two chicks were in the nest. Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca) We found 2 active nests at the foot of the western slope in the middle region of Mugodzhary (fig. 4). An occupied nest was noted on a metal electric pole on 19.05.2006. That nest was occupied by the Steppe Eagle in 2004. The second nest, with a recently laid egg, was found on a large single elm tree in the Kunduzdy river valley on 21.05.2006. The density of the Imperial Eagle in the Mugodzhary Mountains was 0.2 pair per 100 km2. A total of 15–20 pairs are estimated to live in the Mugodzhary Mountains. Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis) During surveys we found 48 nests in 47 breeding territories of the Steppe Eagle (fig. 5). Four nests were had clutches of 2 eggs. Four nests had broods. The average brood size was 2.25±0.5 chicks (range 2– 3). We didn’t visit 17 nests where we suspected hatching to be in progress. Five nests were being built by eagles at the time of the survey. Nine nests were empty because of death by posterity or from electrocution of the adults on power lines located near the nests. Another nest was very old without any signs of breeding. The 58.33% of the nests we found were located on the elevated relief elements such as slopes of a river and creek valleys, ravines, slopes and tops of cliffs and rocks (n=48). Nearly half of these nests (n=28, 53.57%) were built up on scattered stones often under bushes (Spiraea sp., Caragana sp.). Other nests were on bushes (Spiraea, Crataegus) on elm trees (18.75%) at a height of 0.1 – 3.0 m (on average 2.1±1.0 m), on different cliffs- (14.58%), on electric poles

Òèïè÷íûå ëàíäøàôòû Ìóãîäæàð: 1 – þæíàÿ ÷àñòü âîñòî÷íîãî ìàêðîñêëîíà (17.05.2006); 2 – îñåâàÿ ÷àñòü (ð. Àóëüÿ, 19.05.2006); 3 – ñåâåðíàÿ ÷àñòü âîñòî÷íîãî ìàêðîñêëîíà (âèä íà ãíåçäîâóþ ñêàëó áàëîáàíà Falco cherrug, 18.05.2006); 4 – çàïàäíûé ìàêðîñêëîí (21.05.2006). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà Typical landscape of the Mugodzary Mountains: 1 – eastern slope, southern part (17/05/2006); 2 – middle part (Aulya river, 19/05/2006); 3 – eastern slope, northern part (nesting cliff of the Saker Falcon Falco cherrug, 18/05/2006); 4 – western slope (21/05/2006). Photos by I. Karyakin

Raptors Research

Raptors Conservation 2007, 8 òåððèòîðèé Ðåñïóáëèêè Êàçàõñòàí, ôèíàíñèðîâàâøåãîñÿ çà ñ÷¸ò ñðåäñòâ RSPB. Îáùàÿ ïðîòÿæåííîñòü ýêñïåäèöèîííûõ ìàðøðóòîâ çà 2 ãîäà ñîñòàâèëà 2150 êì (1438 êì –2004 ã., 712 êì – 2006 ã.). Â ïåðâûé ãîä ïðîâåäåíî ðåêîãíîñöèðîâî÷íîå îáñëåäîâàíèå þæíîé è öåíòðàëüíîé ÷àñòè Ìóãîäæàð, à âî âòîðîé ãîä íàèáîëüøåå âíèìàíèå áûëî óäåëåíî ñïëîøíîìó îáñëåäîâàíèþ îäíîãî èç âîäîòîêîâ Ìóãîäæàð îò ïîäíîæèé âîñòî÷íîãî ñêëîíà äî îñåâîé ÷àñòè ãîð. Òàêæå òåððèòîðèÿ öåíòðàëüíîé ÷àñòè Ìóãîäæàð áûëà ïðîéäåíà àâòîìàðøðóòîì 12 àïðåëÿ 2005 ã. Â õîäå àâòîìàðøðóòîâ âûÿâëÿëèñü ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûå áèîòîïû õèùíûõ ïòèö, êîòî-

Ðèñ. 1. Ìóãîäæàðû íà êîñìîñíèìêå Landsat 7 (À) è íà êàðòå (B). Íóìåðàöèÿ ïðèðîäíûõ ðàéîíîâ ñîîòâåòñòâóåò íóìåðàöèè â òàáë. 1 Fig. 1. Satellite image Landsat 7 (A) and a map (B) of the Mugodzary Mountains. Numbers of parts of the Mugodzary Mountains are similar ones in the table 1

and just on the ground at the foot of electric poles (4.17% each respectively). The density was 1.51 pair/100 km2. The distance between the nests was 3.3±1.67 km (n=43; 0.95–8.65 km). A total of 238– 298 pairs of Steppe Eagles are estimated to breed in Mugodzhary. Short-Toed Eagle (Circaetus gallicus) During our surveys we found 10 breeding territories of the Short-Toed Eagle (fig. 6); active nests with clutches that consisted of an egg were found in 7 territories. One nest had a dead clutch, one nest was empty because of unknown reasons, and a pair exhibiting breeding behavior was noted in one breeding territory, although their nest was not found. In total we found 12 nests of the Short-Toed Eagle, 3 of which were old nests in occupied territories. Four nests (44.4%) were located on birch trees, mainly in branch forks on the middle parts of crowns at a height of 3–6 m. Only one nest was located on the top of a birch tree. Three in 4 nests were located on single trees in creek valleys and only one nest was found in the edge of forested flood-lands. Six nests were on river cliffs and located on shelves in the middle part of cliff at a height of 4–8 m. Exactly 3 nests were not built up by ShortToed Eagles but probably by the Long-Legged Buzzards. Two nests of one pair (old and active) that were located were absolutely untypical: they were on the tops of rock ranges amongst hills and were built up on bushes (Caragana sp.) at a height of several centimeters. The average distance between nests of different pairs was 9.42±6.08 km (n=8; 2.22 – 20.61 km). The average density in the middle part of Mugodzhary was 1.19 pairs/ 100 km2 (0.69 – 2.07 pairs/100 km2). A total of 10–16 pairs are estimated to live here. The density of the Short-Toed Eagle in the hilly area of the northern part of the eastern slope was 1.85 pairs/100 km2 (including areas where species was not noted). A total of 25–45 pairs are estimated to live in the territory. We project 70 pairs of the Short-Toed Eagle to breed in the whole territory of the Mugodzhary mountains. Long-Legged Buzzard (Buteo rufinus) We found 22 nests (12 active) in 19 breeding territories of buzzards (fig. 7): 2 active nests weren’t visited, 2 nests were with clutches (3 eggs per each), 8 nests contained broods. The average brood size was 3.0±1.07 chicks (range 2–4 chicks). Five

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 8

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

ðûå äåòàëüíî îñìàòðèâàëèñü íà ïåøèõ ìàðøðóòàõ. Îñíîâíîå âíèìàíèå óäåëÿëîñü îáñëåäîâàíèþ ñêàëüíûõ îáíàæåíèé è ó÷àñòêîâ ëåñà, êîòîðûå îñìàòðèâàëèñü â îïòèêó (áèíîêëè 8õ30, 12õ50) ñ öåëüþ îáíàðóæåíèÿ ïòèö, èõ ïðèñàä è ãíåçäîâûõ ïîñòðîåê, à òàêæå îïðåäåëåíèÿ õàðàêòåðà çàñåë¸ííîñòè âûÿâëåííûõ ãí¸çä è óñïåøíîñòè ðàçìíîæåíèÿ. Ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ êàðòèðîâàëèñü, äàííûå âíîñèëèñü â ñðåäó ÃÈÑ (ArcView 3.2a, ESRI, CA, USA), ãäå è ïðîèçâîäèëñÿ ðàñ÷¸ò îáùåé ÷èñëåííîñòè êàæäîãî âèäà â îòäåëüíîñòè. Ïîä ãíåçäîâûìè ó÷àñòêàìè â äàííîé ðàáîòå ìû ïîäðàçóìåâàåì òåððèòîðèè, íà êîòîðûõ îáíàðóæåíû ãí¸çäà õèùíûõ ïòèö (ëèáî æèëûå, ëèáî ïóñòóþùèå, íî àáîíèðóåìûå ïòèöàìè), âñòðå÷åíû ïàðû, ñîñòîÿùèå èç âçðîñëûõ ïòèö ñ ãíåçäîâûì ïîâåäåíèåì (òîêîâàâøèõ, ñïàðèâàâøèõ-

nests were empty by reason of death of chicks (3) or adults (2), one nest was being built by birds at the time of the survey and 7 nests were old. Adult birds were killed from electrocution in one case and were eaten by the Eagle Owl in another. The average brood size was 3.5±1.0 chicks in 2004 (n=4) and 2.5±1.0 chicks in 2006 per successful nest. The biggest portion of the nests was located on cliff-faces (90.9%), 55.0% (n=20) of which was on river cliffs, others – on rocks of ranges and canyons. The average height of nest location was 10 m, with a range of 1.5–40 m. Only a nest was found on a concrete electric pole and a nest – on an elmtree in an artificial line-forest. The average distance between nests located on cliffs in the study area 2006/1, where almost all nest of buzzards had been found, was 6.07±3.33 km (n=7; 2.80–11.9 km).

Òàáë. 1. Ïðèðîäíûå ðàéîíû, ó÷¸òíûå ïëîùàäêè è äàííûå ïî ÷èñëåííîñòè è ïëîòíîñòè õèùíûõ ïòèö íà íèõ. Íóìåðàöèÿ ïðèðîäíûõ ðàéîíîâ ñîîòâåòñòâóåò íóìåðàöèè íà ðèñ. 1. Íóìåðàöèÿ ïëîùàäîê ñîîòâåòñòâóåò íóìåðàöèè íà ðèñ. 2. Îáîçíà÷åíèå ñòîëáöîâ â òàáëèöå: 1 – êîëè÷åñòâî ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ, 2 – ïëîòíîñòü, 3 – îöåíêà ÷èñëåííîñòè ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ïàð Table 1. Parts of the Mugodzary Mountains, plots and number and density of raptors for them. Numbers of parts of the Mugodzary Mountains are similar ones in the fig. 1. Numbers of plots are similar ones in the fig. 2. Columns in the table: 1 – breeding territories, 2 – density, 3 – estimation of breeding pair numbers

¹ Íàçâàíèå ó÷àñòêà Ïëîùàäü (êì2) Ìóãîäæàð Part of the Area Mugodzary (km2) Mountains 1

Îñåâàÿ ÷àñòü Middle part

Âîñòî÷íûé ìàêðîñêëîí (ñåâåðíàÿ ÷àñòü) Eastern slope (northern part)

1117.56

1897.9

Âîñòî÷íûé ìàêðîñêëîí (þæíàÿ ÷àñòü) Eastern slope (southern part)

2061.72

Çàïàäíûé ìàêðîñêëîí Western slope

2221.81

Ñåâåðíûå Ìóãîäæàðû Northern Mugodzary 6 Âåðõîâüÿ Îðè Upper reaches of the Or’ river Âñåãî / Total

Ïëîùàäêà Plots

Ïëîùàäü ïëîùàäêè (êì2) Area of plots (km2)

2006/2 2004/3 è 2006/1 2004/1 Âñåãî / Total

117.46 96.43 291.3 505.19

2006/2 2004/3 è 2006/1 2004/2 è 2006/1 Âñåãî / Total

16.78 21.87 177.7 216.35

2006/1 2006/1 2004/1 Âñåãî / Total

35.24 15.05 45.76 96.05

2006/3 2006/2 2004/3 è 2006/1 2004/1 Âñåãî / Total

9.21 71.69 18.35 78.52 177.77

Ìîãèëüíèê Aquila heliaca 1

Îð¸ë ñòåïíîé Aquila nipalensis 1

2 2 2 6

1.7 2.07 0.69 1.19

4 4

2.25 1.85

1 0.85 1 1.04 2

0.4 4.42

2 2

0.69 0.4

1 1

0.56 0.46

2 13.29 2 4.37 4 4.16

2 21.72 4 5.58 2 10.9 8

4.5 100

577.55

Ìàðøðóòíûé ó÷¸ò Transect

4.01

1040.39

Ìàðøðóòíûé ó÷¸ò Transect

4.44

8916.93

Çìååÿä Circaetus gallicus

0.2

1.51 134

Raptors Research

Raptors Conservation 2007, 8 ñÿ ëèáî íåîäíîêðàòíî ïðîÿâëÿâøèõ ïðèçíàêè áåñïîêîéñòâà êàê ïî îòíîøåíèþ ê ÷åëîâåêó, òàê è ïî îòíîøåíèþ ê äðóãèì õèùíûì ïòèöàì). Äëÿ ðàñ÷¸òà ÷èñëåííîñòè ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ â Ìóãîäæàðàõ áûë ïîäãîòîâëåí ÃÈÑïðîåêò èç ïðèâÿçàííûõ â ïðîåêöèþ Àëáåðñà äëÿ Åâðîïû ðàñòðîâûõ ìàòåðèàëîâ (êàðòû ìàñøòàáà 1:200 000 è êîñìîñíèìêè Landsat–7). Â ðåçóëüòàòå îöèôðîâêè ðàñòðîâ ñôîðìèðîâàíû âåêòîðíûå ñëîè ìåñòîîáèòàíèé õèùíûõ ïòèö. Âñÿ òåððèòîðèÿ Ìóãîäæàð ïëîùàäüþ 8917 êì2 ïîäåëåíà íà îòëè÷àþùèåñÿ ïî ëàíäøàôòíûì ïðèçíàêàì ïðèðîäíûå ðàéîíû (ðèñ. 1, òàáë. 1), íà ïëîùàäü êîòîðûõ è ýêñòðàïîëèðîâàëèñü ó÷¸òíûå äàííûå, ïîëó÷åííûå íà ïëîùàäêàõ. Äëÿ ó÷¸òà ÷èñëåííîñòè õèùíûõ ïòèö áûëè çàëîæåíû 6 ïëîùàäîê îáùåé ïëîùàäüþ 1127,96 êì2. Ïëîùàäü ïëîùàäîê 2004 ã. (ðèñ. 2) – 571,23 êì2, 2006 ã. – 304,98 êì2, îáëàñòü ïåðåêðûâàíèÿ ïëîùàäîê ñîñòàâëÿåò 8,6%. Â ïðåäåëû âûäåëåííîé â ÃÈÑ òåððèòîðèè Ìóãîäæàð ïîïàäàåò 96,5% òåððèòîðèè ïëîùàäîê, ÷òî ñîñòàâëÿåò 11,2% îò ïëîùàäè âñåé òåððèòîðèè.

Êóðãàííèê Buteo rufinus 1

2 1 3 6

1.7 1.04 1.03 1.19

6 6

3.38 2.77

5.68

2.08

1.41

Ôèëèí Bubo bubo

4 3 3 10

3.41 3.11 1.03 1.98

3 3

1.69 1.39

1 1

1.27 0.56

1.41

125

In the middle part of Mugodzhary the average density of the Long-legged Buzzard was 1.19 pairs/100 km 2 (range 1.03– 1.70), in the northern part of the eastern slope – 2.77 pairs/100 km 2, and in the southern part of the eastern slope of Mugodzhary – 2.08 pairs/100 km2. Two last territories unlike the middle part of mountains were characterized by a distribution of buzzards to be less monotonous. Under the average density of buzzards 1.41 pairs/100 km 2 we project 90–140 pairs of the Long-legged Buzzards to breed in the all territory of Mugodzhary, about a half of them breed in cliff-faces in the northern part of the eastern slope of Mugodzhary. Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug) Two old nests of the Golden Eagle occupied by sakers several years ago were found Ðèñ. 2. Ðàñïîëîæåíèå íà êàðòå ó÷¸òíûõ ïëîùàäîê (À) è àâòîìîáèëüíûõ ìàðøðóòîâ(Â) Fig. 2. Location of the surveyed plots (A) and routes (B) on a map

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 8

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ Ðèñ. 3. Êàðòà ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ áåðêóòà (Aquila chrysaetos) Fig. 3. Distribution of breeding territories of the Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos)

Ðåçóëüòàòû èññëåäîâàíèé

Ãíåçäî áåðêóòà (Aquila chrysaetos) (22.05.2006). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà A nest of the Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) (22/05/2006). Photos by I. Karyakin

Áåðêóò (Aquila chrysaetos) Åäèíñòâåííîå æèëîå ãíåçäî áåðêóòà îáíàðóæåíî â ñåâåðíîé ÷àñòè âîñòî÷íîãî ìàêðîñêëîíà Ìóãîäæàð 18 ìàÿ 2006 ã. (ðèñ. 3). Îíî ðàñïîëàãàëîñü íà ïîëêå â ñåðåäèíå 30-òè ìåòðîâîé îòâåñíîé ñòåíû ñêàëüíîãî îáíàæåíèÿ ëåâîãî áåðåãà âîäîòîêà. Â ãíåçäå íàõîäèëèñü 2 îïåðÿþùèõñÿ ïòåíöà. Ãíåçäîâîé ó÷àñòîê áåðêóòà îêàçàëñÿ ìíîãîëåòíèì. Çäåñü íà ïðîòÿæåíèè 1,5 êì ñêàëüíûõ îáíàæåíèé âûÿâëåíû åù¸ 5 ãíåçäîâûõ ïîñòðîåê áåðêóòà ðàçíîãî âîçðàñòà, â òîì ÷èñëå ÿâíî çàíèìàâøèåñÿ â ïðåæíèå ãîäû. Ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó ïîñòðîéêàìè ñîñòàâèëî 0,06–0,51 êì, â ñðåäíåì 0,188±0,2 êì. Ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó êðàéíèìè ïîñòðîéêàìè – 0,87 êì. Ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûå äëÿ áåðêóòà áèîòîïû ðàñïðîñòðàíåíû â îñíîâíîì ïî âîäîòîêàì ñåâåðíîé ÷àñòè âîñòî÷íîãî ìàêðîñêëîíà Ìóãîäæàð. Ïëîòíîñòü äëÿ ýòîé òåððèòîðèè îïðåäåëåíà â 0,46 ïàð/100 êì 2.

on 18 May 2006 in a river valley in the northern part of the eastern slope of Mugodzhary (fig. 8). Both nests were located on shelves of a cliff on high 20 and 30 m accordingly, the distance to the nearest active nest of the Golden Eagle was 810–870 m. Evidently last time the sakers were nesting here in 2005. We found last year’s pellets and feathers in one nest, and remains of tail feathers of a chick probably dead in the nest, another nest was more old. However we didn’t note the fresh signs of nesting at the time of the survey. Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo) The average density was 1.98 breeding pairs/100 km2 (range 1.03–3.41 pairs/100 km2) in the middle part of Mugodzhary. We project 70–110 pairs to breed in the Mugodzhary mountains. During surveys we found 16 breeding territories of the Eagle Owl. Adults were noted in 5 territories: in three cases we observed birds and in 2 cases we heard calls, in one case we found feathers, pellets and remains of various prey. We found 15 nests of the Eagle Owl in 11 territories: 2 Nests contained clutches with 3 and 4 eggs, 4 nests were with chicks, 4 nests were empty by reason of death of clutches (3 cases) or brood (1 case), 5 nest were old in occupied territories. The average brood size was 3.25±0.5 chicks (range 3– 4 chicks). In one brood we noted the carcass of youngest chick that had been trampled down by elders, judging the condition of the carcass it had been happened before our visit a day ago. 86.67% of nests were located in niches or grouts of river cliffs. Only 13.33% of nests were found on cliff-faces of mountain slopes. The most part of nests were located in foot of cliffs – 46.7% or in niches in the middle part of cliffs– 40.0%, only 2 nests were found in the upper and bottom parts of cliffs – one nest (6.7%) per each. The second half of May in the steppe zone is the period when The Eagle Owl usually has chicks, but the interesting fact that we found nests with fresh and incubated clutches in that period (17 May) in 2006. Most likely the main reasons of such a late breeding were the bad weather in March-April and a low number of prey.

Raptors Research

Raptors Conservation 2007, 8

Ðèñ. 4. Êàðòà ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ìîãèëüíèêà (Aquila heliaca)

äî áûëî çàíÿòî ñòåïíûì îðëîì (Ïàæåíêîâ è äð., 2005). Â 2006 ã. ñòåïíîé îð¸ë ïåðåìåñòèëñÿ ïî ýòîé æå ËÝÏ íà 600 ì è óñïåøíî ðàçìíîæàëñÿ â íîâîì ãíåçäå. ËÝÏ ïðîñìàòðèâàëàñü íà 2 êì, è íà íåé áûëè âèäíû åù¸ ãíåçäà îðëîâ, îäíàêî îíè íàìè íå áûëè ïðîâåðåíû. Åñòü âåðîÿòíîñòü, ÷òî ÷àñòü ýòèõ ãí¸çä òàêæå çàíÿòà ìîãèëüíèêàìè. Âòîðîå ãíåçäî, ðàñïîëàãàâøååñÿ íà êðóïíîì îäèíî÷íîì âÿçå â äîëèíå ð. Êóíäóçäû, îáíàðóæåíî 21.05.2006 ã. Â í¸ì íàõîäèëîñü ñâåæåñíåñ¸ííîå ÿéöî. Ñëåäóåò çàìåòèòü, ÷òî ìû îáñëåäîâàëè 5 ïîòåíöèàëüíî ïðèãîäíûõ äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ìîãèëüíèêà ó÷àñòêîâ ëåñîíàñàæäåíèé, è ëèøü íà îäíîì èç íèõ áûëî îáíàðóæåíî ãíåçäî ìîãèëüíèêà. Ïëîòíîñòü ìîãèëüíèêà â îñåâîé ÷àñòè öåíòðàëüíûõ Ìóãîäæàð ñîñòàâëÿåò 0,85– 1,04, â ñðåäíåì 0,94 ïàð/100 êì2, íî ñ ó÷¸òîì ïëîùàäîê, íà êîòîðûõ âèä íå âñòðå÷åí, – 0,4 ïàð/100 êì2. Â öåëîì äëÿ òåððèòîðèè Ìóãîäæàð, ïî äàííûì ó÷¸òà íà âñåõ ïëîùàäêàõ, ïëîòíîñòü ìîãèëüíèêà ñîñòàâëÿåò 0,2 ïàð/100 êì2. ×èñëåííîñòü äëÿ îñåâîé ÷àñòè Ìóãîäæàð ìîæåò áûòü îöåíåíà â 3–5 ïàð, êîòîðûå ãíåçäÿòñÿ ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî â öåíòðàëüíûõ Ìóãîäæàðàõ. Äëÿ âñåé òåððèòîðèè ÷èñëåííîñòü ìîãèëüíèêà íà ãíåçäîâàíèè ìîæåò áûòü îöåíåíà äî 15–20 ïàð, ïðèòîì, ÷òî ëåñíûõ ó÷àñòêîâ íà äàííîé òåððèòîðèè îêîëî 120. Âåñüìà âåðîÿòíî, ÷òî ðàíåå ìîãèëüíèê, ãíåçäÿùèéñÿ íà äåðåâüÿõ â Ìóãîäæàðàõ, áûë áîëåå îáû÷åí. Â íàñòîÿùåå æå âðåìÿ, ïîñëå ðÿäà êðóïíûõ ïîæàðîâ, â êîòîðûõ áîëüøàÿ ÷àñòü êðóïíûõ äåðåâüåâ âûãîðåëà, è ñîõðàíèëàñü ëèøü ìîëîäàÿ ïîðîñëü, ìîãèëüíèêó ïðîñòî íåãäå ãíåçäèòüñÿ. Âîçìîæíî, â ðåçóëüòàòå îñâîåíèÿ ËÝÏ ÷èñëåííîñòü ìîãèëüíèêà â Ìóãîäæàðàõ óâåëè÷èòñÿ, îäíàêî âðÿä ëè îí ñóùåñòâåííî ðàñøèðèò îáëàñòü ñâîåãî ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ çäåñü, ò.ê. ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûå ËÝÏ ïðîòÿíóëèñü, â îñíîâíîì, âäîëü çàïàäíîãî ñêëîíà Ìóãîäæàð.

Fig. 4. Distribution of breeding territories of the Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca)

Â öåëîì äëÿ òåððèòîðèè Ìóãîäæàð, ïî ó÷¸òó íà âñåõ ïëîùàäêàõ, ïëîòíîñòü áåðêóòà ñîñòàâëÿåò 0,1 ïàð/100 êì2, è âåñüìà âåðîÿòíî, ÷òî îíà íåñêîëüêî çàâûøåíà. Ðàñïðåäåëåíèå âèäà êðàéíå íåðàâíîìåðíî â ñâÿçè ñ íåðàâíîìåðíîñòüþ ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ êðóïíûõ ñêàëüíûõ ìàññèâîâ, êîòîðûõ ïî êîñìîñíèìêàì âûÿâëåíî âñåãî 15, òðè èç êîòîðûõ íàìè áûëè ïðîâåðåíû. Íà îñíîâàíèè ó÷¸òíûõ äàííûõ â Ìóãîäæàðàõ ìîæíî ïðåäïîëàãàòü ãíåçäîâàíèå 8–10 ïàð áåðêóòîâ, îäíàêî, îñíîâûâàÿñü íà êîëè÷åñòâå è ïëîùàäè êðóïíûõ ñêàëüíûõ ìàññèâîâ, áîëåå ðåàëüíîé âûãëÿäèò îöåíêà â 6–8 ïàð.

Ãíåçäî ìîãèëüíèêà (Aquila heliaca) íà äåðåâå (21.05.2006). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà A nest of the Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca) on a tree (21/05/2006). Photos by I. Karyakin

Ìîãèëüíèê (Aquila heliaca) Ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå ìîãèëüíèêà íà èññëåäóåìîé òåððèòîðèè, òàêæå êàê è áåðêóòà, êðàéíå íåðàâíîìåðíî. Îáíàðóæåíî äâà æèëûõ ãíåçäà ýòîãî âèäà, êîòîðûå ðàñïîëàãàëèñü â ïîäíîæèè çàïàäíîãî ñêëîíà îñåâîé ÷àñòè Ìóãîäæàð (ðèñ. 4). Â ïåðâîì ñëó÷àå, 19.05.2006 ã. îáíàðóæåíî ãíåçäî ñ íàñèæèâàâøåé ñàìêîé, ðàñïîëàãàâøååñÿ âíóòðè êîíñòðóêöèè ìåòàëëè÷åñêîé îïîðû ËÝÏ. Èíòåðåñíî òî, ÷òî â 2004 ã. ýòî ãíåç-

Îð¸ë ñòåïíîé (Aquila nipalensis) Îáû÷íûé ãíåçäÿùèéñÿ âèä Ìóãîäæàð. Â îñåâîé ÷àñòè ãîð ôàêòè÷åñêè îòñóòñòâóåò, âñòðå÷àÿñü íà ãíåçäîâàíèè ëèøü ïî èõ ïåðèôåðèè, ãäå ïëîòíîñòü ñîñòàâëÿåò 0,40 ïàð/100 êì2 è áëèçêà ê ïëîòíîñòè ìîãèëüíèêà. Íèçêà ïëîòíîñòü ñòåïíîãî îðëà íà ãíåçäîâàíèè è â ñèëüíî ïåðåñå÷¸ííîé ñåâåðíîé ïîëîâèíå âîñòî÷íîãî ìàêðîñêëîíà Ìóãîäæàð (0,46 ïàð/100 êì2). Ìàêñèìàëüíîé ÷èñëåííîñòè íà ðàññìàòðèâàåìîé òåððèòîðèè âèä äîñòèãàåò â ìåëêîñîïî÷íèêå çàïàäíîãî ìàêðîñêëîíà (äî 21,72 ïàð/100 êì2 â ëåñîïîëîñàõ, äî 10,90 ïàð/

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 8

Ñòåïíîé îð¸ë (Aquila nipalensis) (22.05.2006). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis) (22/05/2006). Photo by I. Karyakin

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

100 êì2 â îâðàæíî-áàëî÷íûõ êîìïëåêñàõ ìåëêîñîïî÷íèêà, 4,5 ïàð/100 êì2 íà âñåé ïëîùàäè ïðèðîäíîãî ðàéîíà, ñ ó÷¸òîì ïëîùàäîê, ãäå âèä íå âñòðå÷åí) è â ìåëêîñîïî÷íèêå þæíîé ÷àñòè âîñòî÷íîãî ìàêðîñêëîíà Ìóãîäæàð (äî 13,29 ïàð/100 êì2, â ñðåäíåì 4,16 ïàð/100 êì2). Àíàëîãè÷íàÿ ïëîòíîñòü õàðàêòåðíà äëÿ ñåâåðíîé ÷àñòè Ìóãîäæàð è âåðõîâüåâ ð. Îðü. Ïîñëåäíÿÿ òåððèòîðèÿ ïðîéäåíà ó÷¸òíûì ìàðøðóòîì âäîëü å¸ ïåðèôåðèè, íî ïëîùàäîê çäåñü çàëîæåíî íå áûëî. Ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó ãí¸çäàìè ðàçíûõ ïàð ñîñòàâëÿåò â ñðåäíåì 3,3±1,67 êì (n=43; 0,95–8,65 êì). Ðàñ÷¸ò ïî ñðåäíèì ïîêàçàòåëÿì ïëîòíîñòè äëÿ âñåé òåððèòîðèè Ìóãîäæàð ïðåäïîëàãàåò ãíåçäîâàíèå 108–160 ïàð ñòåïíûõ îðëîâ. Îäíàêî ýòà öèôðà çàíèæåíà êàê ìèíèìóì â 2 ðàçà, òàê êàê 72,5% ïëîùàäè ó÷¸òíûõ ïëîùàäîê ëåæèò â ïðåäåëàõ çîíû íàèìåíüøåé ïëîòíîñòè ñòåïíîãî îðëà ëèáî åãî îòñóòñòâèÿ íà ãíåçäîâàíèè, è íà íèõ âûÿâëåí ëèøü 31,91% îò îáùåãî êîëè-

Ñòåïíîãî îð¸ë: ñàìêà íà ãíåçäå (22.05.2006) – 1, êëàäêà (22.05.2006) – 2 è ïòåíöû (20.05.2006) – 3. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà The Steppe Eagle: female in nest (22/05/2006) – 1, a clutch (22/05/2006) – 2 and chicks (20/05/2006) – 3. Photos by I. Karyakin

Ðèñ. 5. Êàðòà ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ñòåïíîãî îðëà (Aquila nipalensis) Fig. 5. Distribution of breeding territories of the Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis)

÷åñòâà ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ñòåïíûõ îðëîâ, îáíàðóæåííûõ â Ìóãîäæàðàõ. ×èñëåííîñòü, áîëåå áëèçêàÿ ê ðåàëüíîé, ñêîðåå âñåãî, ñîñòàâëÿåò 238–298 ïàð ñòåïíûõ îðëîâ, ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ íà ðàññìàòðèâàåìîé òåððèòîðèè. Ðàçäåëüíûé ïåðåñ÷¸ò ïî ïðèðîäíûì ðàéîíàì ïîçâîëÿåò ïðåäïîëîæèòü ãíåçäîâàíèå 80–120 ïàð òîëüêî íà çàïàäíîì ìàêðîñêëîíå Ìóãîäæàð è 77–95 ïàð â ìåëêîñîïî÷íèêå þæíîé ÷àñòè âîñòî÷íîãî ìàêðîñêëîíà. Â õîäå ðàáîòû â Ìóãîäæàðàõ è íà áëèæàéøåé ïåðèôåðèè ìåëêîñîïî÷íèêà îáíàðóæåíî 48 ãí¸çä íà 47 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàõ ñòåïíûõ îðëîâ (ðèñ. 5): 4 ãíåçäà ñîäåðæàëè êëàäêè èç 2-õ ÿèö, â 4-õ ãí¸çäàõ îáíàðóæåíû âûâîäêè èç 2–3-õ ïòåíöîâ (â ñðåäíåì 2,25±0,5 ïòåíöà), íà 17-òè ãí¸çäàõ íàáëþäàëèñü íàñèæèâàþùèå ñàìêè, ïîýòîìó èõ ñîäåðæèìîå íå áûëî ïðîâåðåíî, 5 ãí¸çä ñòðîèëèñü îðëàìè â ìîìåíò íàáëþäåíèÿ, 9 ãí¸çä ïóñòîâàëè ïî ïðè÷èíå ãèáåëè ïîòîìñòâà ëèáî âçðîñëûõ ïòèö íà ËÝÏ, ïðîõîäÿùèõ áëèç ãí¸çä, îñòàëüíûå ãí¸çäà áûëè ñòàðûìè ïîñòðîéêàìè áåç ïðèçíàêîâ ðàçìíîæåíèÿ â íèõ. Äîìèíèðóþùèé ñòåðåîòèï óñòðîéñòâà ãí¸çä ñòåïíîãî îðëà â Ìóãîäæàðàõ – íà âîçâûøåííûõ ýëåìåíòàõ ïåðåñå÷¸ííîãî ëàíäøàôòà, òàêèõ êàê ñêëîíû äîëèí ðåê è âðåìåííûõ âîäîòîêîâ, ñêëîíû è âåðøèíû ñîïîê, ñòåíû è âåðøèíû îïîëçíåé è îâðàãîâ. Â òàêèõ ìåñòàõ óñòðîåíî (n=48) 58,33% ãí¸çä, ïðè÷¸ì îêîëî ïîëîâèíû èç íèõ (n=28, 53,57%) áûëè óñòðîåíû ñðåäè êàìåíèñòûõ ðîññûïåé, ÷àñòî ïîä ïðèêðûòèåì ñïèðåè (Spiraea sp.) è êàðàãàíû

Raptors Research

Raptors Conservation 2007, 8 (Caragana sp.). Îñòàëüíàÿ ÷àñòü ãí¸çä áûëà óñòðîåíà íà êóñòàõ ñïèðåè è áîÿðûøíèêà (Crataegus sp.), ëèáî íà âÿçàõ íà âûñîòå 0,1 – 3,0 ì, â ñðåäíåì 2,1±1,0 ì (18,75%), ñêàëüíûõ îáíàæåíèÿõ ðàçëè÷íîãî òèïà (14,58%), íà îïîðàõ ËÝÏ (4,17%) è íà çåìëå â ïîäíîæèè îïîð ËÝÏ (4,17%). Íåñîìíåííî, ðàíåå ÷èñëåííîñòü ñòåïíîãî îðëà â Ìóãîäæàðàõ áûëà âûøå. Â ïîñëåäíåå âðåìÿ â ñòåïÿõ ìåëêîñîïî÷íèêà ïðîèçîøëè ñåðü¸çíûå èçìåíåíèÿ â ðàñòèòåëüíîñòè, âûçâàííûå ðåçêèì ïàäåíèåì ÷èñëåííîñòè ñêîòà è ñîêðàùåíèåì êîëè÷åñòâà ôåðì, íà ôîíå óâëàæíåíèÿ êëèìàòà è ðåãóëÿðíûõ ïîæàðîâ. Çàáóðüÿíèâàíèå ñòåïè ñîçäàëî îïðåäåë¸ííûå òðóäíîñòè ñòåïíûì îðëàì â äîáû÷å ìàëûõ ñóñëèêîâ ëèáî âûçâàëî èñ÷åçíîâåíèå ïîñåëåíèé ïîñëåäíèõ. Ýòî è ïîâëèÿëî íà ïåðåðàñïðåäåëåíèå îðëîâ è èõ âûñåëåíèå êàê ìèíèìóì çà ïðåäåëû îñåâîé ÷àñòè Ìóãîäæàð, ãäå ìàëî ðåãóëÿðíî èñïîëüçóåìûõ ïàñòáèù.

Çìååÿä (Circaetus gallicus) (21.05.2006). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà Short-Toed Eagle (Circaetus gallicus) (21/05/ 2006). Photo by I. Karyakin

Çìååÿä (Circaetus gallicus) Íåìíîãî÷èñëåííûé ãíåçäÿùèéñÿ âèä Ìóãîäæàð. Â 2004 ã. áûëî îáíàðóæåíî 3 ãíåçäà çìååÿäà íà äåðåâüÿõ, à åãî ÷èñëåííîñòü äëÿ îñåâîé ÷àñòè Ìóãîäæàð îöåíåíà â 8 ïàð (Ïàæåíêîâ è äð., 2005). Îäíàêî èññëåäîâàíèÿ 2006 ã. ïîçâîëèëè ïðåäïîëîæèòü áîëåå øèðîêîå ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå çìååÿäà è åãî áîëåå âûñîêóþ ÷èñëåííîñòü íà èññëåäóåìîé òåððèòîðèè. Ïîìèìî ãí¸çä, îáíàðóæåííûõ íà äåðåâüÿõ â 2004 ã., â 2006 ã. áûëè âûÿâëåíû ãí¸çäà çìååÿäà íà ñêàëüíûõ îáíàæåíèÿõ íà âîñòî÷íîì ìàêðîñêëîíå è â îñåâîé ÷àñòè Ìóãîäæàð, ÷òî ñóùåñòâåííî ðàñøèðÿåò íå òîëüêî îáëàñòü ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ çìååÿäà â Ìóãîäæàðàõ, íî è ñïåêòð ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ äëÿ íåãî áèîòîïîâ. Â õîäå ðàáîòû ëîêàëèçîâàíî 10 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ çìååÿäà (ðèñ. 6), íà 7-ìè èç êîòîðûõ îáíàðóæåíû æèëûå ãí¸çäà ñ êëàäêàìè èç 1 ÿéöà, â îäíîì ãíåçäå îáíàðóæåíà ïîãèáøàÿ êëàäêà, îäíî ãíåçäî ïóñòîâàëî ïî íåèçâåñòíûì ïðè÷èíàì è íà îäíîì ó÷àñòêå âñòðå÷åíà ïàðà áåñïîêîÿùèõñÿ ïòèö, íî ãíåçäà íå îáíàðóæåíî. Âñåãî íàéäåíî 12 ãí¸çä çìååÿäà, 3 èç êîòîðûõ îêàçàëèñü ñòàðûìè ïîñòðîéêàìè íà çàíÿòûõ ó÷àñòêàõ. ×åòûðå ãíåçäà (44,4%) ðàñ-

Ðèñ. 6. Êàðòà ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ çìååÿäà (Circaetus gallicus) Fig. 6. Distribution of the Short-Toed Eagle (Circaetus gallicus) breeding territories

ïîëàãàëèñü íà áåð¸çàõ, ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî â ðàçâèëêàõ â ñåðåäèíå êðîíû íà âûñîòå îò 3 äî 6 ì. Ëèøü îäíî ãíåçäî ðàñïîëàãàëîñü íà âåðøèíå áåð¸çû. Òðè ãíåçäà èç 4õ ðàñïîëàãàëèñü íà îäèíî÷íûõ äåðåâüÿõ â ðóñëàõ âðåìåííûõ âîäîòîêîâ, è ëèøü îäíî ãíåçäî áûëî îáíàðóæåíî íà îêðàèíå êðóïíîãî ïîéìåííîãî ëåñà. Øåñòü ãíåçäîâûõ ïîñòðîåê ðàñïîëàãàëèñü íà ïðèðå÷íûõ ñêàëüíûõ îáíàæåíèÿõ è áûëè óñòðîåíû ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî íà ïîëêàõ â ñðåäíåé ÷àñòè ñêàëüíûõ ñòåí íà âûñîòå 4–8 ì îò ïîäíîæèÿ ñêàë. Ëèøü îäíî ãíåçäî ðàñïîëàãàëîñü íà ïîëêå â âåðõíåé òðåòè ñêàëû. Ñëåäóåò çàìåòèòü, ÷òî êàê ìèíèìóì 3 èç ýòèõ ïîñòðîåê îäíîçíà÷íî íå áûëè ïîñòðîåíû çìååÿäàìè è, ñêîðåå âñåãî, ðàíåå ïðèíàäëåæàëè êóðãàííèêàì. Ñîâåðøåííî íåòèïè÷íî áûëè óñòðîåíû 2 ãíåçäà îäíîé ïàðû (ñòàðîå è æèëîå): îíè ðàñïîëàãàëèñü íà âåðøèíàõ êàìåíèñòûõ ãðÿä ñðåäè ìåëêîñîïî÷íèêà è áûëè óñòðîåíû íà êóñòàõ êàðàãàíû íà âûñîòå íåñêîëüêèõ ñàíòèìåòðîâ. Âîçìîæíî, îäíî òàêîå æå ãíåçäî ïàðû ïòèö íàìè áûëî ïðîïóùåíî, ò.ê. íå áûëî äàæå ìûñëè, ÷òî îíî ìîæåò áûòü óñòðîåíî òàêèì îáðàçîì! Ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó ãí¸çäàìè ðàçíûõ ïàð ñîñòàâëÿåò â ñðåäíåì 9,42±6,08 êì (n=8; 2,22 – 20,61 êì) è çàâèñèò îò ðàâíîìåðíîñòè ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ó÷àñòêîâ ñî ñêàëüíûìè îáíàæåíèÿìè. Ïëîòíîñòü çìååÿäà â îñåâîé ÷àñòè Ìóãîäæàð ñîñòàâèëà 1,19 ïàð/100 êì2 (0,69 – 2,07 ïàð/100 êì2). ×èñëåííîñòü äëÿ äàííîé òåððèòîðèè îöåíåíà â 10–16 ïàð. Ïëîòíîñòü çìååÿäà â ìåëêîñîïî÷íèêå ñåâåðíîé ÷àñòè âîñòî÷íîãî ìàêðîñêëîíà

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 8

Ãíåçäî çìååÿäà íà ïðèðå÷íîé ñêàëå (17.05.2006). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà A nest of the Short-Toed Eagle on river cliff (17/05/2006). Photos by I. Karyakin

Ãíåçäî çìååÿäà íà êóñòå êàðàãàíû íà ñêëîíå ñîïêè (18.05.2006). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà A nest of the Short-Toed Eagle in bush on the slope of hill (18/05/2006). Photos by I. Karyakin

Ãíåçäî çìååÿäà íà áåð¸çå â äîëèíå ðó÷üÿ (19.05.2006). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà A nest of the Short-Toed Eagle on birch in valley creeks (19/05/2006). Photos by I. Karyakin

ñîñòàâèëà 1,85 ïàð/100 êì2 ñ ó÷¸òîì òåõ ïëîùàäîê, ãäå âèä íå âñòðå÷åí. ×èñëåííîñòü äëÿ äàííîé òåððèòîðèè îöåíåíà â 25–45 ïàð. Çìååÿä íå áûë îáíàðóæåí íàìè â ìåëêîñîïî÷íèêå çàïàäíîãî ìàêðîñêëîíà è â þæíîé ÷àñòè âîñòîíîãî ìàêðîñêëîíà Ìóãîäæàð. Çäåñü îí ëèáî íå ãíåçäèòñÿ, ëèáî åãî ÷èñëåííîñòü êðàéíå íèçêà è ñîñòàâëÿåò íå áîëåå íåñêîëüêèõ ïàð. Ñâÿçàíî ýòî, â ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü, ñ íèçêîé ñòåïåíüþ ïåðåñå÷¸ííîñòè ðåëüåôà è, êàê ñëåäñòâèå, ìàëîé ïëîùàäüþ ñêàëüíûõ îáíàæåíèé, íà êîòîðûõ çìååÿä ïðåäïî÷èòà-

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ åò îõîòèòüñÿ. Â ñåâåðíûõ Ìóãîäæàðàõ, ñóäÿ ïî ñòðóêòóðå ëàíäøàôòà, çìååÿä ìîæåò ãíåçäèòüñÿ ñ ïëîòíîñòüþ, áëèçêîé ê ïëîòíîñòè â îñåâîé ÷àñòè Ìóãîäæàð, à â âåðõîâüÿõ ð. Îðü, ñêîðåå âñåãî, îòñóòñòâóåò èççà ñëàáîé ïåðåñå÷¸ííîñòè ðåëüåôà. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, îöåíêà ÷èñëåííîñòè, ðàññ÷èòàííàÿ ïî ñðåäíèì ïîêàçàòåëÿì ïëîòíîñòè äëÿ âñåé òåððèòîðèè Ìóãîäæàð (òàáë. 1), çàâûøåíà. Ñêîðåå âñåãî, â Ìóãîäæàðàõ ãíåçäèòñÿ íå áîëåå 70 ïàð çìååÿäîâ. Êóðãàííèê (Buteo rufinus) Íåìíîãî÷èñëåííûé ãíåçäÿùèéñÿ âèä, âñòðå÷àþùèéñÿ íà ãíåçäîâàíèè ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî â ñèëüíî ïåðåñå÷¸ííîé ìåñòíîñòè îñåâîé ÷àñòè è âîñòî÷íîãî ìàêðîñêëîíà Ìóãîäæàð. Íà ó÷àñòêàõ, ëèø¸ííûõ ñêàë, ãíåçäèòñÿ íà îïîðàõ ËÝÏ, ðåæå íà äåðåâüÿõ, íî ñ êðàéíå íèçêîé ïëîòíîñòüþ. Ïî-âèäèìîìó, îí çäåñü ïðîèãðûâàåò â êîíêóðåíöèè îðëàì, ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî ñòåïíîìó, êîòîðûé ñ äîâîëüíî âûñîêîé ïëîòíîñòüþ íàñåëÿåò õîëìèñòî-óâàëèñòûå ñòåïè. Îáíàðóæåíî 22 ãíåçäà (12 æèëûõ) íà 19 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàõ êóðãàííèêîâ (ðèñ. 7): 2 æèëûõ ãíåçäà, ñîäåðæèìîå êîòîðûõ ïðîâåðåíî íå áûëî, 2 ãíåçäà ñ êëàäêàìè èç 3õ ÿèö, 8 ãí¸çä ñ âûâîäêàìè èç 2–4-õ ïòåíöîâ, â ñðåäíåì 3,0±1,07 ïòåíöîâ. Ïÿòü ãí¸çä ïóñòîâàëî ïî ïðè÷èíå ãèáåëè ïîòîìñòâà (3) èëè âçðîñëûõ ïòèö (2), îäíî ãíåçäî ñòðîèëîñü ïòèöàìè â ìîìåíò ïîñåùåíèÿ ó÷àñòêà, ñåìü ãí¸çä îêàçàëèñü ñòàðûìè ïîñòðîéêàìè. Âçðîñëûå ïòèöû ïîãèáëè â îäíîì ñëó÷àå íà ËÝÏ, â äðóãîì ñëó÷àå ïî ïðè÷èíå õèùíè÷åñòâà ôèëèíà. Ñëåäóåò çàìåòèòü, ÷òî 2004 ã. áûë áîëåå óäà÷íûì ïî óñïåõó ðàçìíîæåíèÿ, è â ýòîò ãîä âûâîäêè êóðãàííèêîâ ñîñòîÿëè (n=4) â ñðåäíåì èç 3,5±1,0 ïòåíöîâ (Ïàæåíêîâ è äð., 2005), à â 2006 ã. – èç 2,5±1,0 ïòåíöîâ íà óñïåøíîå ãíåçäî. Îñíîâíàÿ ìàññà îáíàðóæåííûõ ãí¸çä êóðãàííèêà â Ìóãîäæàðàõ ðàñïîëàãàåòñÿ íà ñêàëàõ (90,9%), èç êîòîðûõ (n=20) 55,0% íàõîäÿòñÿ íà ïðèðå÷íûõ ñêàëüíûõ îáíàæåíèÿõ, îñòàëüíûå – íà ñêàëüíûõ îáíàæåíèÿõ ñîïîê è ëîãîâ. Âûñîòà ðàñïîëîæåíèÿ íàñêàëüíûõ ãí¸çä èçìåíÿåòñÿ îò 1,5 äî 40 ì, ñîñòàâëÿÿ â ñðåäíåì 10 ì. Ëèøü ïî îäíîìó ãíåçäó îáíàðóæåíî íà áåòîííîé îïîðå ËÝÏ è âÿçå â ëåñîïîëîñå. Ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó ãí¸çäàìè íàñêàëüíîãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ïòèö íà ïëîùàäêå 2006/1, ãäå ïðîïóñêè ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ êóðãàííèêà ïðàêòè÷åñêè èñêëþ÷åíû, ñîñòàâëÿåò (n=7) 2,80–11,9 êì, â ñðåäíåì 6,07±3,33 êì. Â îñåâîé ÷àñòè Ìóãîäæàð ïëîòíîñòü êóðãàííèêà ñîñòàâëÿåò 1,03–1,70 ïàð/100 êì2,

Raptors Research

Êóðãàííèê (Buteo rufinus) (18.05.2006). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà Long-Legged Buzzard (Buteo rufinus) (18/05/ 2006). Photo by I. Karyakin

Êóðãàííèê: ñàìêà íà ãíåçäå (18.05.2006) – 1, êëàäêà (18.05.2006) – 2 è ïòåíöû (17.05.2006) – 3. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà

Raptors Conservation 2007, 8 â ñðåäíåì 1,19 ïàð/100 êì2, â ñåâåðíîé ÷àñòè âîñòî÷íîãî ìàêðîñêëîíà Ìóãîäæàð – 2,77 ïàð/100 êì2, â þæíîé ÷àñòè âîñòî÷íîãî ìàêðîñêëîíà Ìóãîäæàð – 2,08 ïàð/100 êì2. Íà 2-õ ïîñëåäíèõ òåððèòîðèÿõ, â îòëè÷èå îò îñåâîé ÷àñòè ãîð, ðàñïðåäåëåíèå êóðãàííèêà áîëåå íåðàâíîìåðíîå èççà íåðàâíîìåðíîñòè ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ñêàëüíûõ ìàññèâîâ. Â öåëîì äëÿ òåððèòîðèè Ìóãîäæàð ïðè ñðåäíåé ïëîòíîñòè 1,41 ïàð/100 êì2 ìîæåò ãíåçäèòüñÿ 90–140 ïàð êóðãàííèêîâ, îêîëî ïîëîâèíû èç êîòîðûõ – â ñêàëüíûõ ìàññèâàõ ñåâåðíîé ÷àñòè âîñòî÷íîãî ìàêðîñêëîíà Ìóãîäæàð. Áàëîáàí (Falco cherrug) Â 2004 ã. âèä íå áûë îáíàðóæåí â Ìóãîäæàðàõ (Êàðÿêèí è äð., 2005; Ïàæåíêîâ è äð., 2005), íî â 2006 ã. ïðåáûâàíèå áàëîáàíà, êàê ìèíèìóì â íåäàâíåì ïðîøëîì, âûÿâëåíî íà 2-õ ó÷àñòêàõ. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ïîäòâåðæäåíî ðàíåå âûäâèíóòîå ïðåäïîëîæåíèå î òîì, ÷òî áàëîáàí âñå-òàêè ãíåçäèòñÿ ñåâåðíåå Àðàëî-Êàñïèéñêîãî ðåãèîíà (Êàðÿêèí, 2004), íî êðàéíå ñïîðàäè÷íî. Äâå ãíåçäîâûå ïîñòðîéêè áåðêóòà, çàíèìàâøèåñÿ äëèòåëüíîå âðåìÿ áàëîáàíàìè äëÿ âûâåäåíèÿ ïîòîìñòâà, îáíàðóæåíû 18 ìàÿ 2006 ã. â äîëèíå ðåêè íà ñåâåðíîì ó÷àñòêå âîñòî÷íîãî ìàêðîñêëîíà Ìóãîäæàð (ðèñ. 8). Îáå ïîñòðîéêè ðàñïîëàãàëèñü íà ïîëêàõ ïðèðå÷íîé ñêàëû íà âûñîòå 20 è 30 ì ñîîòâåòñòâåííî è áûëè óäàëåíû îò

Ðèñ. 7. Êàðòà ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ êóðãàííèêà (Buteo rufinus) Fig. 7. Distribution of breeding territories of the LongLegged Buzzard (Buteo rufinus)

æèëîãî ãíåçäà áåðêóòà íà 810–870 ì. Ïîñëåäíÿÿ ïîñòðîéêà ÿâíî çàíèìàëàñü áàëîáàíàìè â 2005 ã. Âî âðåìÿ å¸ îñìîòðà íà íåé îáíàðóæåíû ïðîøëîãîäíèå ïåðüÿ è ïîãàäêè, à òàêæå îñòàòêè òðóáîê ðóëåâûõ ïåðüåâ îäíîãî èç ïòåíöîâ, âîçìîæíî, ïîãèáøåãî â ãíåçäå. Îäíàêî íèêàêèõ ñâåæèõ ñëåäîâ ïðèñóòñòâèÿ ñîêîëîâ â ãîä íàáëþäåíèÿ íå âûÿâëåíî. Âåðîÿòíî, îòñóòñòâèå ïòèö áûëî ñâÿçàíî ñ íèçêîé ÷èñëåííîñòü êîðìîâ íà ó÷àñòêå. Åù¸ îäíî ãíåçäî, ðàíåå çàíèìàâøååñÿ áàëîáàíàìè, íî ïóñòóþùåå óæå íåñêîëüêî ëåò, îáíàðóæåíî íà ñêàëüíîì îñòàíöå ñêëîíà ñîïêè â îñåâîé ÷àñòè Ìóãîäæàð â 3,5 êì îò îç. Ñîðêîëü 21 ìàÿ 2006 ã. Ïî ïðè÷èíå îòñóòñòâèÿ êàêèõ-ëèáî ïðèçíàêîâ ïðåáûâà-

The Long-Legged Buzzard: female in nest (18/ 05/2006) – 1, a clutch (18/05/2006) – 2 and chicks (17/05/2006) – 3. Photos by I. Karyakin

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 8

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

Ðèñ. 8. Êàðòà ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ áàëîáàíà (Falco cherrug) Fig. 8. Distribution of breeding territories of the Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug)

íèÿ ñîêîëîâ íà äàííîì ó÷àñòêå â ïîñëåäíèå íåñêîëüêî ëåò ìû íå ñòàëè åãî êàðòèðîâàòü. Èñõîäÿ èç ïëîùàäè è êîëè÷åñòâà ñêàëüíûõ ìàññèâîâ â Ìóãîäæàðàõ, ìîæíî ïðåäïîëîæèòü çäåñü ãíåçäîâàíèå 6–8 ïàð áàëîáàíîâ, îäíàêî äëÿ áîëåå òî÷íûõ îöåíîê òðåáóåòñÿ äåòàëüíîå îáñëåäîâàíèå îñåâîé ÷àñòè ãîð è âîñòî÷íîãî ìàêðîñêëîíà.

Ôèëèí (Bubo bubo): êëàäêà (17.05.2006) – 1, ïòåíöû (20.05.2006) – 2. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà The Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo): a clutch (17/05/ 2006) –1, chicks (20/05/ 2006) – 2. Photos by I. Karyakin

Ôèëèí (Bubo bubo) Íåìíîãî÷èñëåííûé ãíåçäÿùèéñÿ âèä Ìóãîäæàð, òÿãîòåþùèé ê íàèáîëåå ïåðåñå÷¸ííûì ó÷àñòêàì ñî ñêàëüíûìè îáíàæåíèÿìè. Â ñâÿçè ñ ýòèì, â áîëüøåì êîëè÷åñòâå ãíåçäèòñÿ â îñåâîé ÷àñòè è â ñåâåðíîé ïîëîâèíå âîñòî÷íîãî ìàêðîñêëîíà Ìóãîäæàð. Â öåëîì ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå ñõîäíî ñ ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèåì êóðãàííèêà, îäíàêî âèä ìåíåå ïëàñòè÷åí â âûáîðå ìåñò äëÿ óñòðîéñòâà ãí¸çä, ïîýòîìó åãî ÷èñëåííîñòü íåñêîëüêî íèæå. Â êðóïíûõ ñêàëüíûõ ìàññèâàõ ôèëèí ãíåçäèòñÿ â 2–4 êì ïàðà îò ïàðû, îäíàêî â öåëîì ïî òåððèòîðèè ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó ãí¸çäàìè ðàçíûõ ïàð ñóùåñòâåííî áîëüøå. Ïëîòíîñòü íà ãíåçäîâàíèè â îñåâîé ÷àñòè Ìóãîäæàð âàðüèðóåò îò 1,03 äî 3,41

ïàð/100 êì2, ñîñòàâëÿÿ â ñðåäíåì 1,98 ïàð/100 êì2. Â ñåâåðíîé ÷àñòè âîñòî÷íîãî ìàêðîñêëîíà Ìóãîäæàð ôèëèí ãíåçäèòñÿ ñ ïëîòíîñòüþ 1,39 ïàð/100 êì2. Îïðåäåë¸ííî ãíåçäèòñÿ è â þæíîé ÷àñòè, íî çäåñü ïëîùàäî÷íûå ó÷¸òû îõâàòèëè ëèøü íåáîëüøóþ òåððèòîðèþ, ïîýòîìó ôèëèí íå ïîïàë â ó÷¸ò. Òàê èëè èíà÷å, îí îáíàðóæåí ïî âîñòî÷íîé ïåðèôåðèè Ìóãîäæàð â êðóïíûõ áàëêàõ ñ ãëèíÿíûìè îáðûâàìè, ÷òî óêàçûâàåò íà åãî øèðîêîå ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå â îâðàæíî-áàëî÷íûõ êîìïëåêñàõ ïðèëåãàþùåé ê Ìóãîäæàðàì äåíóäàöèîííîé ðàâíèíû. Íà çàïàäíîì ìàêðîñêëîíå ïëîòíîñòü ñîñòàâëÿåò 0,56 ïàð/100 êì2. Âåðîÿòíî, ñ àíàëîãè÷íîé ïëîòíîñòüþ âèä ãíåçäèòñÿ è â ñåâåðíûõ Ìóãîäæàðàõ, îäíàêî â âåðõîâüÿõ Îðè îí ëèáî îòñóòñòâóåò, ëèáî êðàéíå ðåäîê èç-çà íåäîñòàòêà ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ áèîòîïîâ. Ïî íàøåé îöåíêå, ÷èñëåííîñòü ôèëèíà íà ãíåçäîâàíèè â Ìóãîäæàðàõ ëåæèò â äèàïàçîíå 70– 110 ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ïàð. Â õîäå ðàáîòû âûÿâëåíî 16 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ôèëèíîâ (ðèñ. 9). Íà 5 ó÷àñòêàõ îáíàðóæåíû âçðîñëûå ïòèöû âèçóàëüíî (3 ñëó÷àÿ), ïî ãîëîñó (2 ñëó÷àÿ) ëèáî îáíàðóæåíû èõ ïåðüÿ, ïîåäè è ïîãàäêè (1 ñëó÷àé). Ïðàêòè÷åñêè âî âñåõ ñëó÷àÿõ (êðîìå îäíîãî), êîãäà ïðåäïðèíèìàëèñü ïîïûòêè ïîèñêà ãí¸çä, îíè áûëè íàéäåíû. Â ÷àñòíîñòè, íà 11 ó÷àñòêàõ îáíàðóæåíî 15 ãí¸çä ôèëèíîâ: 2 ãíåçäà ñîäåðæàëè êëàäêè èç 3õ è 4-õ ÿèö, â 4-õ ãí¸çäàõ îáíàðóæåíû ïòåíöû, 4 ãíåçäà ïóñòîâàëî, â òîì ÷èñëå 3 – ïî ïðè÷èíå ãèáåëè êëàäêè è 1 – ïî ïðè÷èíå ãèáåëè âûâîäêà, 5 ãí¸çä îêàçàëèñü ñòàðûìè íà çàíÿòûõ ó÷àñòêàõ. Âûâîäêè ñîñòîÿëè èç 3–4-õ ïòåíöîâ, â ñðåäíåì 3,25±0,5 ïòåíöîâ. Â îäíîì âûâîäêå èç 3-õ ïòåíöîâ ìëàäøèé ïòåíåö áûë çàòîïòàí ñòàðøèìè, ñóäÿ ïî ñîõðàííîñòè òóøêè, çà äåíü äî îáñëåäîâàíèÿ ãíåçäà. Îñíîâíàÿ ìàññà ãí¸çä ôèëèíà (86,67%) ðàñïîëàãàåòñÿ íà ïðèðå÷-

Raptors Research

Ñòàðîå ãíåçäî ôèëèíà ïîä êàìíåì íà ñêëîíå ëîãà (21.05.2006). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà Old nest of the Eagle Owl under the stone on the slope of hill (21/05/2006). Photo by I. Karyakin

Raptors Conservation 2007, 8 íûõ ñêàëàõ â íèøàõ ëèáî ãðîòàõ, çàêðûòûõ ñâåðõó íàâèñàþùåé ñòåíîé. Ëèøü 13,33% ãí¸çä áûëè îáíàðóæåíû íà ñêàëüíûõ îáíàæåíèÿõ ñêëîíîâ ñîïîê. Ïî õàðàêòåðó óñòðîéñòâà äîìèíèðóþò ãí¸çäà, êîòîðûå ðàñïîëàãàþòñÿ â íèøàõ â ïîäíîæèè ñêàëüíûõ îáíàæåíèé – 46,7%, ëèáî â ñðåäíåé ÷àñòè ñêàë â íèøàõ â ëèíèÿõ øèðîêèõ ïîëîê – 40,0%. Òîëüêî ïî 1 ãíåçäó (6,7%) îáíàðóæåíî â íèæíåé òðåòè è âåðõíåé òðåòè ñêàë. Ñëåäóåò îáðàòèòü âíèìàíèå íà òî, ÷òî âî âòîðîé ïîëîâèíå ìàÿ â ñòåïíîé çîíå ó ôèëèíà îáû÷íî îïåðÿþùèåñÿ ïòåíöû, îäíàêî â 2006 ã. â ýòîò ïåðèîä (17 ìàÿ) íàìè áûëè îáíàðóæåíû ãí¸çäà ñî ñâåæåé è íàñèæåííîé êëàäêàìè. Ñêîðåå âñåãî, â îñíîâå ïðè÷èí ñòîëü ïîçäíåãî ðàçìíîæåíèÿ ëåæàò ïëîõèå ïîãîäíûå óñëîâèÿ â ìàðòå-àïðåëå è íèçêàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü îáúåêòîâ ïèòàíèÿ.

Îáñóæäåíèå

Ñàìêà ôèëèíà â ãíåçäå (17.05.2006). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà Female of the Eagle Owl in nest (17/05/2006). Photo by I. Karyakin

Â õîäå èññëåäîâàíèÿ òåððèòîðèè óòî÷í¸í ñòàòóñ ìíîãèõ ðåäêèõ õèùíûõ ïòèö, â ÷àñòíîñòè, áåðêóòà, ìîãèëüíèêà, çìååÿäà è áàëîáàíà. Â òî æå âðåìÿ íàìè íå îáíàðóæåíû íåêîòîðûå âèäû, êîòîðûå îòìå÷àëèñü íà äàííîé òåððèòîðèè ðàíåå Ñ.Í. Âàðøàâñêèì ñ ñîàâòîðàìè (1977) – ýòî áîëüøîé ïîäîðëèê (Aquila clanga) è îð¸ë-êàðëèê (Hieraaetus pennatus). Íå âñòðåòèëè èõ çäåñü è ó÷àñòíèêè ðîññèéñêî-êàçàõñòàíñêîé ýêñïåäèöèè â 2003 ã. (Êîâøàðü, Äàâûãîðà, 2004). Ñêîðåå âñåãî, áîëüøîé ïîäîðëèê è îð¸ë-êàðëèê ïåðåñòàëè ãíåçäèòüñÿ â Ìóãîäæàðàõ ïî ïðè÷èíå äåãðàäàöèè è ñîêðàùåíèÿ ïëîùàäè ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ áèîòîïîâ, êîòîðûìè ÿâëÿþò-

Ðèñ. 9. Êàðòà ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ôèëèíà (Bubo bubo) Fig. 9. Distribution of breeding territories of the Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo)

ñÿ ñòàðûå ëèñòâåííûå, ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî ïîéìåííûå ëåñà. Íåñìîòðÿ íà ðÿä íåãàòèâíûõ èçìåíåíèé, Ìóãîäæàðû îñòàþòñÿ îäíîé èç íàèìåíåå íàðóøåííûõ òåððèòîðèé â ïðåäåëàõ ñòåïíîé çîíû Çàïàäíîãî Êàçàõñòàíà è òðåáóþò ðåàëèçàöèè ìåðîïðèÿòèé ïî èõ îõðàíå. Ëèòåðàòóðà Âàðøàâñêèé Ñ.Í., Âàðøàâñêèé Á.Ñ., Ãàðáóçîâ Â.Ê. Íåêîòîðûå ðåäêèå è èñ÷åçàþùèå ïòèöû Ñåâåðíîãî Ïðèàðàëüÿ. – Ðåäêèå è èñ÷åçàþùèå çâåðè è ïòèöû Êàçàõñòàíà. Àëìà-Àòà, 1977. Ñ. 146–152. Êàðàìçèí À.Í. Ïòèöû, íàáëþäàâøèåñÿ â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ õóòîðà Êóìñàÿ, Àêòþáèíñêîãî óåçäà Òóðãàéñêîé îáëàñòè. – Îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêèé âåñòíèê, 1917. ¹ 2. Ñ. 117–124. Êàðÿêèí È.Â. Áàëîáàí â Âîëãî-Óðàëüñêîì ðåãèîíå è íà ïðèëåãàþùèõ òåððèòîðèÿõ. – Ñòåïíîé Áþëëåòåíü. 2004. ¹ 15. Ñ. 32–39. Êàðÿêèí È.Â., Ëåâèí À.Ñ., Íîâèêîâà Ë.Ì., Ïàæåíêîâ À.Ñ. Áàëîáàí â Çàïàäíîì Êàçàõñòàíå: ðåçóëüòàòû èññëåäîâàíèé 2003–2004 ãã. – Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà. 2005. ¹ 2. Ñ. 42–55. Êîâøàðü À.Ô., Äàâûãîðà À.Â. Ðåçóëüòàòû ðîññèéñêî-êàçàõñòàíñêîé ýêñïåäèöèè â Ìóãîäæàðû è âåðõíþþ ÷àñòü áàññåéíà Ýìáû. – Êàçàõñòàíñêèé îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêèé âåñòíèê 2003. Àëìàòû: «Tethys», 2004. Ñ. 32–34. Ïàæåíêîâ À.Ñ., Êîðæåâ Ä.À., Õîõëîâà Í.À. Íîâûå ñâåäåíèÿ î êðóïíûõ õèùíûõ ïòèöàõ Ìóãîäæàð, Êàçàõñòàí. – Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà. 2005. ¹ 4. Ñ. 58–60. Ñóøêèí Ï.Ï. Ïòèöû Ñðåäíåé Êèðãèçñêîé ñòåïè (Òóðãàéñêàÿ îáëàñòü è âîñòî÷íàÿ ÷àñòü Óðàëüñêîé). – Ìàòåðèàëû ê ïîçíàíèþ ôàóíû è ôëîðû Ðîññèéñêîé èìïåðèè. Îòäåëåíèå çîîëîãèè. Ì., 1908. Âûï. 8. 803 ñ.

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 8

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

Birds of prey and Owls of the Adon-Chelon boundary of the Daursky Biosphere State Nature Reserve, Russia ХИЩНЫЕ ПТИЦЫ И СОВЫ УЧАСТКА «АДОН-ЧЕЛОН» ГПБЗ «ДАУРСКИЙ», РОССИЯ Barashkova A.N. (Siberian Environmental Center, Novosibirsk, Russia) Бараш ова А.Н. (МБОО «Сибирс ий э оло ичес ий центр», Новосибирс , Россия) Êîíòàêò: Àííà Áàðàøêîâà ÌÁÎÎ «Ñèáèðñêèé ýêîëîãè÷åñêèé öåíòð» 630090 Ðîññèÿ Íîâîñèáèðñê à/ÿ 547 òåë./ôàêñ: (383) 339 78 85 yazula@yandex.ru Contact: Anna Barashkova NGO Siberian Environmental Center P.O. Box 547 Novosibirsk 630090 Russia tel./fax: (383) 339 78 85 yazula@yandex.ru

Â ïåðèîä ñ 21 ïî 27 èþëÿ 2006 ã. áûë îáñëåäîâàí ó÷àñòîê Äàóðñêîãî çàïîâåäíèêà «Àäîí-×åëîí» – ÷àñòü ñêàëüíîãî ìàññèâà ñ îäíîèìåííûì íàçâàíèåì, ðàñïîëîæåííîãî â Þãî-Âîñòî÷íîì Çàáàéêàëüå. Ýòîò ó÷àñòîê ñîñòîèò èç òð¸õ ÷àñòåé è âìåñòå ñ îõðàííîé çîíîé çàíèìàåò ÷óòü áîëåå 1000 ãà. Â ñîñòàâ çàïîâåäíèêà îí áûë âêëþ÷åí ñîâñåì íåäàâíî – â 2003 ã. è ñóùåñòâåííî îòëè÷àåòñÿ îò îñòàëüíîé òåððèòîðèè çàïîâåäíèêà. Ýòî õîëìèñòàÿ ìåñòíîñòü ñî ñðåäíèìè âûñîòàìè îêîëî 800 ì í.ó.ì., ñàìàÿ âûñîêàÿ òî÷êà – ã. Öàãàí-Îáî (985 ì). Ìàññèâ èçîáèëóåò ñêàëàìè-îñòàíöàìè ðàçíîîáðàçíîé ôîðìû. Ïî ñåâåðíûì ýêñïîçèöèÿì îñòàíöîâ è ïî çàòåí¸ííûì ñêëîíàì õîëìîâ îáû÷íî ðàñïîëàãàþòñÿ áåðåçîâîîñèíîâûå êîëêè. Îíè ïðàêòè÷åñêè ïîëíîñòüþ ïðîéäåíû ïîæàðàìè. Ñåé÷àñ ïîñòåïåííî èä¸ò ïðîöåññ èõ âîññòàíîâëåíèÿ, ïîñêîëüêó â ïîñëåäíèå ãîäû èíòåíñèâíîñòü ïîæàðîâ ñóùåñòâåííî ñíèçèëàñü. Â ëàíäøàôòíîì îòíîøåíèè âåñü ó÷àñòîê ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé ãîðèñòóþ ìåñòíîñòü ñ íàèáîëüøèìè âûñîòàìè â öåíòðàëüíîé ÷àñòè. Ãðàíèöû îõðàííîé çîíû ïðèõîäÿòñÿ íà äîëèííûå ïîíèæåíèÿ. Íà ïðåäìåò ãíåçäîâàíèÿ õèùíûõ ïòèö áûëà îáñëåäîâàíà òåððèòîðèÿ ïëîùàäüþ 26 êì2, ò.å. îêîëî ÷åòâåðòè îò îáùåé ïëîùàäè âñåãî ó÷àñòêà «Àäîí-×åëîí». Ïåøèìè ìàðøðóòàìè îõâà÷åíû âñå ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûå ìåñòîîáèòàíèÿ ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ. Â õîäå ðàáîòû ôèêñèðîâàëèñü âñå âñòðå÷è ñ ïòèöàìè. (Ðèñ. 1.) Ìîõíîíîãèé êóðãàííèê (Buteo hemilasius) Îäèí èç íàèáîëåå ÷àñòî âñòðå÷àþùèõñÿ ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ âèäîâ õèùíûõ ïòèö ó÷àñòêà «Àäîí-×åëîí». Íà îáñëåäîâàííîé òåððèòîðèè îáíàðóæåíî 10 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ

Ðèñ. 1. Êàðòà ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ãí¸çä õèùíûõ ïòèö íà ó÷àñòêå Àäîí-×åëîí Fig. 1. Distribution of raptor nests in the Adon-Chelon boundary

A part of the Daurskiy State Reserve «AdonChelon», located in the south-east of the Baikal region, was surveyed in the period of 21–27 July 2006. The part of the Reserve consists of three territories and covers lightly more than 1000 ha with protection zones. We found following species to breed on the territory: the Upland Buzzard (Buteo hemilasius) – 10 breeding territories, Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis) – a nest with the chick, Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) we recorded 6 pairs, Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug) – a nest leaved by fledglings), Hobby (Falco subbuteo) – 3 breeding territories, Amur Falcon (Falco amurensis) – a nest with 3 chicks, Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo) – 2 nests leaved by fledglings), Long-Eared Owl (Asio otus) – 2 breeding territories, and Little Owl (Athene noctua) – 3 breeding territories). (Fig. 1.)

Raptors Research

Raptors Conservation 2007, 8

0,8õ1,0 ì, ïðàêòè÷åñêè ïëîñêèé; â ëîòêå êóñêè òêàíè ñ Îáî (êðàñíàÿ è ñèíÿÿ), áåëûå ðàáî÷èå ïåð÷àòêè, êîëãîòêè, ïåðüÿ ñòåïíîãî îðëà, ïòåíöîâûé ïóõ, ïîãàäêè; ïðóòüÿ îêîëî 1 ñì (äî 2 è áîëåå); ñî ñòîðîíû ñêëîíà ãíåçäî îêðóæåíî êóñòàðíèêîì (âÿç è ñïèðåÿ). Ïòåíåö ïðàêòè÷åñêè ïîëíîñòüþ îïåð¸í; íà ãîëîâå – ïóõ. Íà ó÷àñòêå «Àäîí-×åëîí» ìîæíî ïðåäïîëîæèòü ãíåçäîâàíèå êàê ìèíèìóì åù¸ 1 ïàðû ñòåïíûõ îðëîâ (â ÞÞÂ ÷àñòè íà òåððèòîðèè îõðàííîé çîíû).

Ñêàëà-îñòàíåö ñ ãíåçäîì ìîõíîíîãîãî êóðãàííèêà (Buteo hemilasius). Ôîòî À. Áàðàøêîâîé A single rock with a nest of the Upland Buzzard (Buteo hemilasius).

ìîõíîíîãîãî êóðãàííèêà. Íà 4-õ èç íèõ íàéäåíû ãí¸çäà, â êîòîðûõ âûâåëèñü ïòåíöû (ñë¸òêè äåðæàëèñü ðÿäîì ñ ãí¸çäàìè; ãí¸çäà áûëè îñìîòðåíû), íà 3-õ – çàíèìàåìûå ãí¸çäà, ðÿäîì ñ êîòîðûìè (ñ ðàññòîÿíèÿ 200–500 ì) íàáëþäàëèñü ïòèöû, è íà 3-õ ó÷àñòêàõ íàáëþäàëèñü ïòèöû, â òîì ÷èñëå ñë¸òêè, äåðæàâøèåñÿ äëèòåëüíîå âðåìÿ íà ñâîèõ ó÷àñòêàõ, ïðåäïîëîæèòåëüíî, áëèç ãí¸çä. Òàêæå îïèñàíû íåæèëûå ãí¸çäà, ðàñïîëîæ¸ííûå íà ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàõ (5 ãí¸çä, âêëþ÷àÿ çàïàñíûå). Áîëüøèíñòâî ãíåçäîâûõ ïîñòðîåê áûëè óñòðîåíû íà óñòóïàõ ñêàëüíûõ ñòåíîê îñòàíöîâ (82%). Ëèøü íà ïåðèôåðèè ó÷àñòêà, ãäå ñêàëû ðåäêè è, â îñíîâíîì, íåâûñîêèå, ãí¸çäà ðàñïîëàãàëèñü íà íåáîëüøèõ âûõîäàõ êàìíåé. Ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó çàíèìàåìûìè ãíåçäàìè ñîñòàâèëî â ñðåäíåì 1,8 êì (1,2–3,0 êì). Ïëîòíîñòü ãíåçäîâàíèÿ â ïðåäåëàõ ïëîùàäêè – 4 ïàðû/10 êì2, òî åñòü äëÿ âñåãî ó÷àñòêà «Àäîí-×åëîí» ìîæíî ïðåäïîëîæèòü ãíåçäîâàíèå íå ìåíåå 30 (30–35) ïàð ìîõíîíîãèõ êóðãàííèêîâ. Ñòåïíîé îð¸ë (Aquila nipalensis) Ãíåçäî ñòåïíîãî îðëà ñ îäíèì ïòåíöîì îáíàðóæåíî 26 èþëÿ 2006 ã. íà ïðàâîì êàìåíèñòîì, ïîðîñøåì ñïèðååé è âÿçîì ñêëîíå øèðîêîãî ëîãà, âïàäàþùåãî ñëåâà â ïàäü Ëîõà (ñêëîí ÞÇÇ ýêñïîçèöèè, óêëîí îêîëî 45°, äî øëåéôà, ãäå çàêàí÷èâàåòñÿ êóñòàðíèê, îêîëî 15 ì). Ãíåçäî ðàñïîëîæåíî íà áîëüøîì êàìíå (âûñîòîé îêîëî 3 ì), äèàìåòð ãíåçäà 2õ1,2 ì, âûñîòà ãíåçäîâîé ïîñòðîéêè 50– 60 ñì, ëîòîê èìååò ðàçìåðû Ïòåíåö ñòåïíîãî îðëà (Aquila nipalensis). Ôîòî À. Áàðàøêîâîé The chick of the Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis). Photo by A. Barashkova

×åðíîóõèé êîðøóí (Milvus migrans lineatus) Âñòðå÷åíà îäíà ïòèöà 22 èþëÿ 2006 ã. â ðàéîíå ã. Öàãàí-Îáî. Îáûêíîâåííàÿ ïóñòåëüãà (Falco tinnunculus) Îòìå÷åíî ãíåçäîâàíèå 6 ïàð îáûêíîâåííîé ïóñòåëüãè. Ãí¸çäà ðàñïîëàãàëèñü â ðàñùåëèíàõ êðóïíûõ îñòàíöîâ. Â ïåðèîä íàáëþäåíèé ñë¸òêè äåðæàëèñü ðÿäîì ñ ãí¸çäàìè. Âåðîÿòíî, íà ó÷àñòêå ãíåçäèòñÿ íå ìåíåå 30 ïàð ýòèõ ñîêîëîâ. Áàëîáàí (Falco cherrug) Ñë¸òêè (íå ìåíåå îäíîãî) îòìå÷åíû 25 èþëÿ 2006 ã. ó ãíåçäà, ðàñïîëîæåííîãî íà ñêàëå-îñòàíöå â ñåâåðî-âîñòî÷íîé ÷àñòè ó÷àñòêà «Àäîí-×åëîí». Ãíåçäî ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé íåáîëüøîå óãëóáëåíèå â óñòóïå îòäåëüíî ñòîÿùåé âûñîêîé (îêîëî 25 ì) ñêàëû è äîñòóïíî ñâåðõó ñ øèðîêîé ïëîùàäêè (â 3 ì îò ãíåçäà). Îò ãíåçäà äî íèæíåãî äîñòóïíîãî óñòóïà îêîëî 6 ì ïî÷òè îòâåñíîé ñêàëû. Âèäèìî, êîãäà-òî çäåñü áûëà ïîñòðîéêà ìîõíîíîãîãî êóðãàííèêà, êîòîðàÿ ïðàêòè÷åñêè ðàçðóøèëàñü. Ãíåçäî îáèëüíî ïîëèòî ïîìåòîì, â í¸ì ïóõ è ïîãàäêè áàëîáàíà. Ðàññòîÿíèå äî áëèæàéøåãî àêòèâíîãî ãíåçäà ìîõíîíîãîãî êóðãàííèêà – 550 ì. Âîçìîæíî, â íåîáñëåäîâàííîé ÷àñòè ó÷àñòêà ãíåçäèòñÿ åù¸ 1 ïàðà áàëîáàíîâ.

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 8 ×åãëîê (Falco subbuteo) Îáíàðóæåíî 3 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêà ÷åãëîêîâ. Îäèí ó÷àñòîê ðàñïîëîæåí â ïàäè Ñóíäóëê (âñòðå÷åí áåñïîêîÿùèéñÿ ñàìåö); ãíåçäî, âîçìîæíî, íàõîäèòñÿ â îäíîì èç ñîðî÷üèõ ãí¸çä íà âÿçàõ ó äîðîãè (íå îñìàòðèâàëèñü). Âòîðîé ó÷àñòîê – â îñèíîâî-áåð¸çîâîì êîëêå öåíòðàëüíîé ÷àñòè ó÷àñòêà «Àäîí-×åëîí» (âñòðå÷åí áåñïîêîÿùèéñÿ ñàìåö). Òðåòèé ãíåçäîâîé ó÷àñòîê ðàñïîëîæåí â îñèíîâî-áåð¸çîâîì êîëêå íà ëåâîì ñêëîíå ëîãà, âïàäàþùåãî ñëåâà â ïàäü Ëîõà (íàïðîòèâ ãíåçäà ñòåïíîãî îðëà). Ãíåçäî ðàñïîëàãàëîñü â ðàçâèëêå ó ñòâîëà â ñðåäíåé ÷àñòè ñãîðåâøåé îñèíû ïðèìåðíî â 6 ì îò çåìëè. Â ãíåçäå íàõîäèëèñü äâà ïóõîâûõ ïòåíöà. Ñïåöèàëüíûå èññëåäîâàíèÿ íå ïðîâîäèëèñü, îäíàêî ìîæíî ïðåäïîëîæèòü, ÷òî â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü ÷åãëîêà íà ó÷àñòêå äîñòàòî÷íî íèçêà, ïîñêîëüêó áîëüøàÿ ÷àñòü êîëêîâ ñãîðåëà. Àìóðñêèé êîá÷èê (Falco amurensis) Ãíåçäî àìóðñêîãî êîá÷èêà ñ 3 ïóõîâûìè ïòåíöàìè îáíàðóæåíî 25 èþëÿ 2006 ã. â íåáîëüøîì îñèíîâî-áåð¸çîâîì êîëêå â ïàäè Ëîõà. Ãíåçäî ðàñïîëàãàëîñü â ñîðî÷üåé ïîñòðîéêå íà ñãîðåâøåé ñóõîé áåð¸çå â ñðåäíåé ÷àñòè ñòâîëà (â 6 ì îò çåìëè). Îáà ðîäèòåëÿ äåðæàëèñü ðÿäîì ñ ãíåçäîì. Ôèëèí (Bubo bubo) Îáíàðóæåíî 2 ãíåçäà ôèëèíà. Ïåðâîå ãíåçäî (22.07.2006) íàõîäèëîñü â ñêàëüíîì àìôèòåàòðå ñ îòâåñíûìè ñòåíêàìè, ïîðîñøåì âíóòðè âÿçàìè. Âñþäó íàáëþäàëñÿ ìåçîïòèëü, ïåðüÿ, ïîì¸ò ôèëèíîâ, îñòàòêè äîáû÷è (ïåðüÿ êóðîïàòîê, âîðîáüèíûõ ïòèö, êîñòè äàóðñêîé ïèùóõè è ò.ä.), ñèäêè ïòåíöîâ. Ñàìèõ ïòåíöîâ íàéòè íå óäàëîñü, ò.ê. îíè äàâíî ïîêèíóëè ãíåçäî. Âòîðîå ãíåçäî (26.07.2006) áûëî íàéäåíî â 2,5 êì îò ïåðâîãî â íèøå ÞÇ ñêëîíà êðóïíîãî îñòàíöà (âûñîòà îêîëî 40 ì) íà ãðåáíå. Ãíåçäî, ðàñïîëîæåííîå â äîñòàòî÷íî ãëóáîêîé è ñëåãêà íàêëîíåííîé íèøå â ñêàëå, íàõîäèòñÿ ïðèìåðíî â 10–15 ì îò

Ñë¸òîê ôèëèíà (Bubo bubo). Ôîòî Ý. Íèêîëåíêî The fledgling of the Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo). Photo by E. Nikolenko

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ øëåéôà, äîñòóïíî ëèøü ñ îäíîé ñòîðîíû ïî óçêîìó êàìåííîìó âûñòóïó. Â ãíåçäå – ïîì¸ò, ïîãàäêè, ïåðüÿ ôèëèíîâ, îñòàòêè ïèùè. Ïòåíöû ïîêèíóëè ãíåçäî è äåðæàëèñü ïîáëèçîñòè – íà ìíîãî÷èñëåííûõ îñòàíöàõ, ðàñïîëîæåííûõ ïî òîìó æå ãðåáíþ â 100–200 ì îò ãíåçäà, âñþäó îòìå÷åíû èõ ïóõ è ñèäêè. Âèçóàëüíî íàáëþäàëè 3-õ õîðîøî ëåòàþùèõ ñë¸òêîâ. Ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó ãí¸çäàìè ôèëèíà è áëèæàéøèìè àêòèâíûìè ãí¸çäàìè ìîõíîíîãèõ êóðãàííèêîâ ñîñòàâëÿåò 160 è 620 ì ñîîòâåòñòâåííî, ìåæäó ãíåçäîì ôèëèíà è ñòåïíîãî îðëà – 830 ì. Ìîæíî ïðåäïîëîæèòü, ÷òî ó÷àñòîê íàñåëÿåò åù¸ êàê ìèíèìóì 5 ïàð ôèëèíîâ. Óøàñòàÿ ñîâà (Asio otus) Îòìå÷åíî äâà ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêà óøàñòîé ñîâû. Ïåðâûé ó÷àñòîê (22.07.2006) ðàñïîëàãàëñÿ â îñèíîâî-áåðåçîâîì êîëêå ÞÇ ñêëîíà îñòàíöîâîãî ìàññèâà íàïðîòèâ ã. Öàãàí-Îáî. Â íèæíåé ÷àñòè êîëêà íà áåð¸çå áûëè íàéäåíû äâà õîðîøî ëåòàþùèõ ïòåíöà. Âòîðîé ó÷àñòîê (24.07.2006) ðàñïîëàãàëñÿ â ñðåäíåé ÷àñòè ïàäè Ëîõà (òàì æå, ãäå ãíåçäî àìóðñêîãî êîá÷èêà). Â ñãîðåâøåì êîëêå íèæíåé ÷àñòè ïðàâîãî ñêëîíà îáíàðóæåí õîðîøî ëåòàþùèé ïòåíåö. Òàì æå ïîçäíî âå÷åðîì áûëà âñòðå÷åíà âçðîñëàÿ ïòèöà. Äîìîâûé ñû÷ (Athene noctua) Îòìå÷åíî òðè ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêà äîìîâûõ ñû÷åé íà ðàññòîÿíèè 1,8–3,6 êì äðóã îò äðóãà. Ìîæíî ïðåäïîëîæèòü, ÷òî ó÷àñòîê «Àäîí-×åëîí» íàñåëÿþò íå ìåíåå 15 ïàð ýòèõ ñîâ. Ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñ ïðîøëûìè ãîäàìè íà ó÷àñòêå «Àäîí-×åëîí» îòìå÷åíî óâåëè÷åíèå ÷èñëåííîñòè äàóðñêîé ïèùóõè (Ochotona dauurica) – îñíîâíîãî êîðìà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ. Íà ïîäãîðíûõ òåððèòîðèÿõ, ðàñïîëîæåííûõ ðÿäîì ñ ó÷àñòêîì, èä¸ò âîññòàíîâëåíèå êîëîíèé òàðáàãàíà, óâåëè÷èëàñü ÷èñëåííîñòü è äðóãèõ ãðûçóíîâ. Íå ïîñëåäíþþ ðîëü â ýòîì ñûãðàëî ñîêðàùåíèå ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè è ïðåêðàùåíèå ðàñïàøêè. Ïîñëå çàïîâåäàíèÿ ó÷àñòêà ëèøü ó åãî ãðàíèö ñîõðàíèëèñü íåìíîãî÷èñëåííûå ñêîòîâîä÷åñêèå ñòîÿíêè, à âûïàñ ñêîòà íà òåððèòîðèè çàïîâåäíèêà ïðåêðàù¸í, ÷òî ìîæåò ïðèâåñòè ê ïåðåðàñïðåäåëåíèþ õèùíûõ ïòèö íà ãíåçäîâàíèè. Ïî ìåðå âîññòàíîâëåíèÿ êîëêîâ ìîæíî ïðåäïîëîæèòü óâåëè÷åíèå ÷èñëåííîñòè òàêèõ âèäîâ êàê ÷åãëîê, àìóðñêèé êîá÷èê, óøàñòàÿ ñîâà.

Raptors Research

Raptors Conservation 2007, 8

Records of some raptors in Akademgorodok of Novosibirsk and its vicinities, Russia О ВСТРЕЧАХ НЕКОТОРЫХ ХИЩНЫХ ПТИЦ И СОВ В НОВОСИБИРСКОМ АКАДЕМГОРОДКЕ И ЕГО ОКРЕСТНОСТЯХ, РОССИЯ Zhimulev I. F., Kosterin O.E., Kolesnikova T.D., Ananko N.G. (The Institute of Cytology and Genetics for Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia) Zhimulev F.I., Zhimulev E.I. (The Institute of Geology and Mineralogy for Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia) Жим лёв И.Ф., Костерин О.Э., Колесни ова Т.Д., Анань о Н.Г. (Инстит т цитоло ии и енети и СО РАН, Новосибирс , Россия) Жим лёв Ф.И., Жим лёв Е.И. (Инстит т еоло ии и минерало ии СО РАН, Новосибирс , Россия) Êîíòàêò: Èãîðü Æèìóë¸â Èíñòèòóò öèòîëîãèè è ãåíåòèêè ÑÎ ÐÀÍ Ðîññèÿ 630090 Íîâîñèáèðñê Àêàäåìãîðîäîê Zhimulev@bionet.nsc.ru Îëåã Êîñòåðèí achn@mail.ru Contact: Igor Zhimulev The Institute of Cytology and Genetics for Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences Akademgorodok Novosibirsk Russia 630090 Zhimulev@bionet.nsc.ru Oleg Kosterin achn@mail.ru

Íîâîñèáèðñêèé Àêàäåìãîðîäîê ÿâëÿåòñÿ ãîðîäîì äèôôóçíîãî òèïà, â êîòîðîì æèëûå êâàðòàëû è òåððèòîðèè èíñòèòóòîâ ïåðåìåæàþò äðóã äðóãà, è íå âñåãäà óäàåòñÿ óâèäåòü ãðàíèöó, ïî êîòîðîé çàêàí÷èâàåòñÿ äèêàÿ ïðèðîäà è íà÷èíàåòñÿ ïîñåëåíèå ÷åëîâåêà. Ïîýòîìó, íà íàø âçãëÿä, ïðåäñòàâëÿåò èíòåðåñ èíôîðìàöèÿ î õèùíûõ ïòèöàõ, íàñåëÿþùèõ Àêàäåìãîðîäîê, î òîì, êàê îíè àäàïòèðîâàëèñü ê æèçíè â óñëîâèÿõ òàêîãî íåîáû÷íîãî ãîðîäà. Â ïðåäëàãàåìîì ñîîáùåíèè ïðåäñòàâëåíû äàííûå î íåêîòîðûõ õèùíûõ ïòèöàõ Àêàäåìãîðîäêà è ïðèëåãàþùåãî Áîòàíè÷åñêîãî ñàäà. Îáûêíîâåííûé îñîåä (Pernis apivorus) Ñâåäåíèÿ î õàðàêòåðå ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ è âñòðå÷àåìîñòè ýòîãî õèùíèêà ïðîòèâîðå÷èâû. Àðåàë ïåðåêðûâàåò âñþ Íîâîñèáèðñêóþ îáëàñòü (Ðÿáèöåâ, 2002), îäíàêî, âèä çàíåñ¸í â Êðàñíóþ êíèãó Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè. È.Â. Êàðÿêèí è äð. (2005) ïîëàãàþò, ÷òî ýòî âêëþ÷åíèå îøèáî÷íî, â ïîëüçó ÷åãî ñâèäåòåëüñòâóþò äàííûå, ïðèâåäåííûå â Àòëàñå Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè (2002): ñðåäíåëåòíÿÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü îáûêíîâåííîãî îñîåäà çà 1960–1999 ãã. â ÷åòûð¸õ çîíàõ (þæíàÿ òàéãà, þæíîòà¸æíûå áîëîòà, ïîäòàéãà è ëåñîñòåïü) ñîñòàâèëà ñîîòâåò-

Ðèñ. 1. Ãí¸çäà ÿñòðåáèíûõ â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ Àêàäåìãîðîäêà Fig. 1. The nests of birds of prey near Akademgorodok

Akademgorodok (specific scientific settlement, where located many institutes of the Academy of Science, and scientists live) of Novosibirsk is a town, where houses are close to the forest. Thus this is very interesting to know how the birds of prey are adapting to live under the conditions of such town. Honey Buzzard Pernis apivorus During last 3 years (2003–2006) of surveys the single nest was found on a birch tree. Black Kite Milvus migrans The species was rare formerly. Today the species is more common to breed in Akademgorodok. Two nests were found in 200–300 m far from houses. Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus The species is known as common breeder of Akademgorodok and its vicinities, uses artificial forests for breeding on the territory of institutes.

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 8

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ Buzzard Buteo buteo Buzzards breed regular on the territory of the Botanical garden, which located near the residential area of Akademgorodok. Rough-Legged Buzzard Buteo lagopus Migrating species. Hobby Falco subbuteo Rare breeding species. A pair of the species bred in an old nest of the Sparrowhawk in the center of Akademgorodok in 2006. Tengmalm’s Owl Aegolius funereus The species was noted only during autumn migrations 2 times for last 25 years.

Ðèñ. 2. Ñàìêà îñîåäà (Pernis apivorus) íà ãíåçäå (05.07.2006). Ôîòî È. Æèìóë¸âà Fig. 2. A female of the Honey Buzzard (Pernis apivorus) in a nest (05/ 07/2006). Photo by I. Zhimulev

ñòâåííî 1400, 400, 125 è 450 îñîáåé. Èññëåäîâàòåëü ïòèö Àêàäåìãîðîäêà Â.È. Òåëåãèí (1971) ñ÷èòàåò îñîåäà ðåäêèì âèäîì, Â.Ì. Ñìèðíîâ (1972) – åäèíè÷íî ãíåçäÿùåéñÿ ïòèöåé íà òåððèòîðèè ëåñîïàðêà Àêàäåìãîðîäêà. Ïî ðåçóëüòàòàì ó÷¸òîâ ïòèö ñ 16 ìàÿ ïî 31 àâãóñòà 1981 ã. â áîðîâîì ëàíäøàôòå ëåñîïàðêîâîé çîíû îêðåñòíîñòåé Àêàäåìãîðîäêà îáèëèå ñîñòàâèëî â ñðåäíåì 0,02 îñîáè íà êì2 â ïåðâîé ïîëîâèíå ëåòà è 0,1 – âî âòîðîé (Âàðòàïåòîâ è äð., 1987). Â áîëåå óäàë¸ííûõ îêðåñòíîñòÿõ Àêàäåìãîðîäêà (â íåñêîëüêèõ äåñÿòêàõ êèëîìåòðîâ ê þãî-âîñòîêó) ïðè îáñëåäîâàíèè äîëèíû ð. Áåðäü 10–21 àâãóñòà 1999 ã. îñîåäà ðåãèñòðèðîâàëè âî âñåõ ïðèðîäíûõ ðàéîíàõ, çà èñêëþ÷åíèåì áåð¸çîâûõ ëåñîâ ïðåäãîðèé Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà (Êàðÿêèí è äð., 2000). Ïî ðåçóëüòàòàì ýêñïåäèöèé ïî äîëèíå ð. Áåðäü áëèæå ê Àêàäåìãîðîäêó (2002 è 2003 ãã.) îñîåä – äîñòàòî÷íî îáû÷íûé âèä (Êàðÿêèí è äð., 2004; Ðûáåíêî, 2004). Çà òðè ãîäà (2003–2006 ãã.) èíòåíñèâíûõ ëåòíèõ èññëåäîâàíèé ïòèö Àêàäåìãîðîäêà îáíàðóæåíî åäèíñòâåííîå ãíåçäî îñîåäà. Îíî áûëî íàéäåíî 14 îêòÿáðÿ 2005 ã. Èç ãíåçäà òîð÷àëè âåòêè ñ çàñîõøèìè ëèñòüÿìè áåð¸çû, íà îñíîâàíèè ÷åãî çàêëþ÷èëè, ÷òî

Ðèñ. 3. Êëàäêà (ââåðõó, 05.07.2006) è ïòåíåö (âíèçó, 29.07.2006) îñîåäà (Pernis apivorus). Ôîòî Ô. Æèìóë¸âà Fig. 3. A clutch (top, 05.07.2006) and a chick (bottom, 29/07/2006) of the Honey Buzzard (Pernis apivorus). Photo by F. Zhimulev

Ural Owl Strix uralensis The Ural Owl was rare in Akademgorodok and its vicinities in 1960s. During last 15–20 years the species was noted even in Akademgorodok and have been common in its victinities, in particular in the Botanical garden, where the species is known to breed. Great Grey Owl Strix nebulosa The rare breeding species of Akademgorodok vicinities. The chick was found on 26 June 1995. (Grabovskiy, 1997). Signs of winter hunting was recorded on 15 March 2003.

Raptors Research

Raptors Conservation 2007, 8

Íà îêðàèíå ñîñíîâîãî áîðà, îáðàùåííîãî ê æèëîé ÷àñòè Àêàäåìãîðîäêà, â 300 ì îò æèëûõ äîìîâ â 2004–2006 ãã. ãíåçäèëàñü ïàðà êîðøóíîâ. Åù¸ îäíî ãíåçäî îáíàðóæåíî íà ñåâåðíîé îêîíå÷íîñòè ýòîãî æå áîðà â 200 ì îò æèëîé ÷àñòè Àêàäåìãîðîäêà. Ïîìèìî ãí¸çä âûÿâëåíî åù¸ íåñêîëüêî ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ êîðøóíà â ýòîì æå áîðó, ïëîùàäü êîòîðîãî ñîñòàâëÿåò âñåãî îêîëî 2 êì2.

Ïòåíåö êîðøóíà (Milvus migrans) â ãíåçäå (25.07.2002). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà A chick of the Black Kite (Milvus migrans) in a nest (25/07/2002). Photo by I. Karyakin

ýòî ãíåçäî ïðîøåäøèì ëåòîì áûëî çàíÿòî îñîåäîì. Ýòî ãíåçäî âûãëÿäåëî íåæèëûì 20 ìàÿ è 12 èþíÿ 2006 ã., íî óæå 17 èþíÿ ñàìêà ñèäåëà íà ãíåçäå (ðèñ. 2), è ñîãíàòü å¸ íå óäàëîñü. 5 èþëÿ â ãíåçäå îáíàðóæåíà êëàäêà èç 1 ÿéöà, 29 èþëÿ – ïóõîâîé ïòåíåö (ðèñ. 3), à 20 àâãóñòà – êðóïíûé îïåðèâøèéñÿ ïòåíåö. Ãíåçäî ðàñïîëàãàëîñü íà áåð¸çå, íà âûñîòå 12 ì, äèàìåòð ãíåçäà – 70 ñì, âûñîòà – 30 ñì, äèàìåòð ÷àñòè, âûñòëàííîé âåòêàìè áåðåçû – 40 ñì. Ñóäÿ ïî âñåìó, ïòèöû çàíèìàþò ýòî ãíåçäî ïî êðàéíåé ìåðå äâà ãîäà (ðèñ. 1, ¹ 12). ×¸ðíûé êîðøóí (Milvus migrans) Â 1940-õ ãîäàõ íà òåððèòîðèè ñîâðåìåííîãî ëåñîïàðêà Íîâîñèáèðñêîãî íàó÷íîãî öåíòðà (äî ñòðîèòåëüñòâà Àêàäåìãîðîäêà) ÷¸ðíûõ êîðøóíîâ áûëî ìíîãî, è Â.È. Òåëåãèí (1971) íàáëþäàë îäíîâðåìåííî çà òðåìÿ ãí¸çäàìè ýòîé ïòèöû. Ïî ðåçóëüòàòàì íàáëþäåíèé â 1965–69 ãã. Â.Ì. Ñìèðíîâ (1972) ïðèâîäèò ÷¸ðíîãî êîðøóíà â ñïèñêå ðåäêî ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ïòèö â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ñîâðåìåííîãî Íîâîñèáèðñêîãî íàó÷íîãî öåíòðà. Ïî ðåçóëüòàòàì èññëåäîâàíèé â 1975–1978 ãã. Ñ.Ì. Öûáóëèí (1985) ñ÷èòàåò ÷¸ðíîãî êîðøóíà ïðîë¸òíûì è ðåäêî ãíåçäÿùèìñÿ âèäîì. Èíòåðåñ ïðåäñòàâëÿåò òî, ÷òî â ïîñëåäíèå ãîäû (2002–2006 ãã.) îí ñòàë äîâîëüíî ÷àñòî âñòðå÷àòüñÿ íà ãíåçäîâàíèè ôàêòè÷åñêè â Àêàäåìãîðîäêå (ðèñ. 1., ¹ 15, 21, 22). Â 2002 ã. ãíåçäî êîðøóíà ñ ïîëíîñòüþ îïåðèâøèìñÿ ïòåíöîì áûëî îáíàðóæåíî 25 èþëÿ â ëåñíîì ìàññèâå, ïðèëåãàþùåì ê þæíîé ÷àñòè Àêàäåìãîðîäêà (È.Â. Êàðÿêèí, ëè÷íîå ñîîáùåíèå). Îíî áûëî óäàëåíî îò æèëûõ äîìîâ âñåãî íà 450 ì. Âñåãî â êèëîìåòðå îò äàííîãî ãíåçäà ïðåäïîëàãàëîñü ãíåçäîâàíèå åù¸ îäíîé ïàðû êîðøóíîâ, íàáëþäàâøåéñÿ ðåãóëÿðíî íàä æèëûìè êâàðòàëàìè (Þ.Ñ. Ðàâêèí, ëè÷íîå ñîîáùåíèå).

Ïåðåïåëÿòíèê (Accipiter nisus) Â.Ì. Ñìèðíîâ (1972) âêëþ÷àåò ïåðåïåëÿòíèêà â ñïèñîê ðåäêèõ ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ïòèö â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ Íîâîñèáèðñêîãî íàó÷íîãî öåíòðà. Çà âðåìÿ èññëåäîâàíèé 1975–1978 ãã. ïåðåïåëÿòíèê âñòðå÷àëñÿ ëèøü òðèæäû â 1978 ã. â íà÷àëå ìàÿ â áåð¸çîâî-ñîñíîâîì ëåñó, 16 ìàÿ è 18 àâãóñòà â ñàäàõ (Öûáóëèí, 1985). Îáèëèå â Àêàäåìãîðîäêå â ïåðèîä ñ 16 ìàÿ ïî 31 àâãóñòà 1981 ã. ñîñòàâèëî â ñðåäíåì 0,5 îñîáè íà 1 êì2 â ïåðâîé ïîëîâèíå ñåçîíà è 0,3 – âî âòîðîé. Â ñîñíîâî-áîðîâîì ëàíäøàôòå ëåñîïàðêîâîé çîíû îêðåñòíîñòåé Àêàäåìãîðîäêà – â ñðåäíåì 0,4 â ïåðâîé ïîëîâèíå ëåòà è 0,8 – âî âòîðîé (Âàðòàïåòîâ è äð., 1987). Âåñíîé è îñåíüþ îáû÷íûé ïðîë¸òíûé âèä â Àêàäåìãîðîäêå: ñ 23 ìàðòà ïî 17 ìàÿ 1986–90 ãã. áûëè îòìå÷åíû 85 ïòèö, èç íèõ 56 áûëè ïðîë¸òíûå (Æóêîâ, 1997). Ïî ðåçóëüòàòàì íàáëþäåíèé â 1987– 2003 ãã. è êîëè÷åñòâåííûõ ó÷¸òîâ â 2003 – 2006 ãã. ïåðåïåëÿòíèê – ðåäêî ãíåçäÿùàÿñÿ è çèìóþùàÿ ïòèöà íå òîëüêî â áëèæàéøèõ îêðåñòíîñòÿõ, íî è íåïîñðåäñòâåííî â Àêàäåìãîðîäêå. Â 1987–1990 ãã. ïàðà ïåðåïåëÿòíèêîâ åæåãîäíî ãíåçäèëàñü â ëèñòâåííè÷íèêå Áîòàíè÷åñêîãî ñàäà ìåæäó äóáîâûìè ïîñàäêàìè, îâðàãîì è ýêñïîçèöèåé ëåêàðñòâåííûõ òðàâ. Íà ïðîòÿæåíèè áîëåå ÷åì ìåñÿöà ýòè ïòèöû ïîñòîÿííî âñòðå÷àëèñü íà íåáîëüøîì (îêîëî ãåêòàðà) ó÷àñòêå ïîñàäîê ëèñòâåííèöû. Â 1992–1995 ãã. îäíà ïàðà ïåðåïåëÿòíèêîâ ãíåçäèëàñü â ëèñòâåííèöàõ â 100–200 ì îò ëàáîðàòîðíîãî êîìïëåêñà ÍÃÓ. Îêîëî òð¸õ íåäåëü â àâãóñòå ðîäèòåëè äîêàðìëèâàëè è âîñïèòûâàëè ìîëîäûõ â êâàäðàòå ïðèìåðíî 200õ200 ì, èç êîòîðîãî íå âûëåòàëè. Â 1999–2001 ãã. òî æå ñàìîå íàáëþäàëîñü â íåáîëüøîì ñîñíîâîì îñòðîâå â þæíîé ÷àñòè îãîðîæåííîé òåððèòîðèè Èíñòèòóòà îðãàíè÷åñêîé õèìèè. Â êîíöå èþëÿ 2003 ã. áûëî íàéäåíî ãíåçäî ñ ïòåíöàìè â öåíòðå èíñòèòóòñêîé çîíû Àêàäåìãîðîäêà (ìåæäó Êëóáîì þíûõ òåõ-

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 8 íèêîâ è Èíñòèòóòîì õèìè÷åñêîé êèíåòèêè ÑÎ ÐÀÍ). Îíî ðàñïîëàãàëîñü íà ñîñíå, íà âûñîòå 18 ì. Íà ïðîòÿæåíèè àâãóñòà âçðîñëûå ïòèöû äîêàðìëèâàëè è òðåíèðîâàëè ìîëîäûõ â 50 ì îò ãíåçäà. Â ëåòíèå ìåñÿöû 2004 è 2005 ãã. ãíåçäî ïóñòîâàëî, à 27 èþëÿ 2006 ã. â ýòîì ãíåçäå áûëè îáíàðóæåíû ïòåíöû ÷åãëîêà (ñì. íèæå). Â Ïðèîáñêîì áîðó (ïðèìåðíî â êèëîìåòðå îò æèëûõ êâàðòàëîâ) 7 àâãóñòà 2005 ã. îáíàðóæåíî òîëüêî ÷òî ïîêèíóòîå ãíåçäî è â 100 ì îò íåãî – âûâîäîê ñëåòêîâ. Â 200 ì îò ýòîãî ìåñòà 29 èþëÿ 2006 ã. âíîâü áûë îáíàðóæåí ëåòíûé âûâîäîê (3 ïòèöû). Åù¸ îäèí ãíåçäîâîé ó÷àñòîê ïåðåïåëÿòíèêîâ îáíàðóæåí ëåòîì 2005 ã. â ñîñíîâûõ ïîñàäêàõ ìåæäó ìåäèöèíñêèì ãîðîäêîì, óíèâåðñèòåòîì è çäàíèÿìè èíñòèòóòîâ. Îáûêíîâåííûé êàíþê (Buteo buteo) Íà òåððèòîðèè Àêàäåìãîðîäêà è Áîòàíè÷åñêîãî ñàäà ãíåçäîâàíèå ðàíåå íå áûëî îïèñàíî (Öûáóëèí, 1985). Îäíàêî, íà òåððèòîðèè Áîòàíè÷åñêîãî ñàäà, ðàñïîëîæåííîãî ïî ñîñåäñòâó ñ æèëîé çîíîé Àêàäåìãîðîäêà, ìû ïîñòîÿííî íàõîäèëè ãíåçäà ñ 1993 ïî 2006 ãã., è ê 2006 ã. íà îãðàíè÷åííîé òåððèòîðèè áûëî îáíàðóæåíî ñêîïëåíèå èç äåâÿòè ãíåçä. Ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó êðàéíèìè èç íèõ ñîñòàâèëî îêîëî 1 êì. Îäíî ãíåçäî áûëî æèëûì (ðèñ. 1, ¹ 4). Íàñèæèâàíèå îòìå÷åíî ñ êîíöà ìàÿ ïî íà÷àëî èþëÿ 2006 ã., âûêàðìëèâàíèå ïòåíöîâ – â èþëå è âûëåò ìîëîäíÿêà – â êîíöå èþëÿ. Çèìíÿê (Buteo lagopus) Íà îñåííåì ïðîë¸òå çà âðåìÿ èññëåäîâàíèé â 1975–1978 ãã. çèìíÿê áûë âñòðå÷åí ëèøü îäíàæäû – 16 íîÿáðÿ 1975 ã. (Öûáóëèí, 1985), Î.Ý. Êîñòåðèí óïîìèíàåò î âñòðå÷å ïòèöû â Àêàäåìãîðîäêå 5 îêòÿáðÿ 2003 ã. Â õîäå ó÷¸òîâ ïòèö â 2003–2006 ãã. çèìíÿê áûë âñòðå÷åí íåñêîëüêî ðàç: 3 íîÿáðÿ 2004 ã., 11-ãî (6 ïòèö), 13-ãî (2 ïòèöû) è 14-ãî îêòÿáðÿ 2005 ã. ×åãëîê (Falco subbuteo) Äëÿ Àêàäåìãîðîäêà – î÷åíü ðåäêèé ïðîë¸òíûé âèä (Öûáóëèí, 1985). Èçðåäêà ãíåçäèòñÿ â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ Íîâîñèáèðñêà è î÷åíü ðåäêî – â ëåñîïàðêîâîé çîíå ãîðîäà (Êîçëîâ, 1980). Ïî ðåçóëüòàòàì ó÷¸òîâ ïòèö ñ 16 ìàÿ ïî 31 àâãóñòà 1981 ã. îí íå áûë îáíàðóæåí â Àêàäåìãîðîäêå; â ñîñíîâî-áîðîâîì ëàíäøàôòå ëåñîïàðêîâîé çîíû îêðåñòíîñòåé Àêàäåìãîðîäêà îáèëèå ñîñòàâèëî â ñðåäíåì 0,007 â ïåðâîé ïîëîâèíå ëåòà è 0,02 – âî âòîðîé (Âàðòàïåòîâ è äð., 1987).

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ Ôàêò ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ÷åãëîêà â ñàìîì öåíòðå èíñòèòóòñêîé çîíû Àêàäåìãîðîäêà (ìåæäó Êëóáîì þíûõ òåõíèêîâ è Èíñòèòóòîì õèìè÷åñêîé êèíåòèêè ÑÎ ÐÀÍ) áûë óñòàíîâëåí â 2006 ã. 27 èþëÿ â ãíåçäå, çàíèìàåìîì â 2003 ã. ïåðåïåëÿòíèêîì (ñì. âûøå). Â ãíåçäå ñ çåìëè íàáëþäàëè ïòåíöîâ. Ìîõíîíîãèé ñû÷ (Aegolius funereus) Ïî ðåçóëüòàòàì èññëåäîâàíèé â 1960– 1970 ãã., â Àêàäåìãîðîäêå è îêðåñòíîñòÿõ – îáû÷íàÿ ãíåçäÿùàÿñÿ è çèìóþùàÿ ïòèöà (Ñìèðíîâ, 1972). Îäíàêî, âñêîðå ÷èñëåííîñòü ñòàëà áûñòðî ïàäàòü, è óæå ïî äàííûì Â.È. Òåëåãèíà è ñîàâò. (1980) ìîõíîíîãèé ñû÷ ñòàë åäèíè÷íîé, âîçìîæíî, îñ¸äëîé, çèìóþùåé ïòèöåé. Â õîäå èññëåäîâàíèé 1975–1978 ãã. ìîõíîíîãîãî ñû÷à â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ Àêàäåìãîðîäêà âñòðåòèëè åäèíñòâåííûé ðàç 4 àïðåëÿ 1976 ã. (Öûáóëèí, 1985). Ïî ðåçóëüòàòàì ó÷¸òîâ ïòèö ñ 16 ìàÿ ïî 31 àâãóñòà 1981 ã. îí áûë îáíàðóæåí â ñîñíîâî-áîðîâîì ëàíäøàôòå ëåñîïàðêîâîé çîíû îêðåñòíîñòåé Àêàäåìãîðîäêà (îáèëèå ñîñòàâèëî â ñðåäíåì 0,01) â ïåðâîé ïîëîâèíå ëåòà (Âàðòàïåòîâ è äð., 1987). Çà ïîñëåäíèå 25 ëåò áûë âñòðå÷åí äâàæäû: â ñåíòÿáðå – îêòÿáðå 1981 ã. â Áîòàíè÷åñêîì ñàäó â ëåâîáåðåæíîé ÷àñòè äîëèíû ð. Çûðÿíêè è â ñòóäåí÷åñêîì ãîðîäêå 30 ñåíòÿáðÿ 1999 ã. Ðèñ. 4. Äëèííîõâîñòàÿ íåÿñûòü (Strix uralensis). Ôîòî Í. Àíàíüêî Fig. 4. The Ural Owl (Strix uralensis). Photo by N. Ananko

Raptors Research

Ðèñ. 5. Ñë¸òîê äëèííîõâîñòîé íåÿñûòè (24.07.2005). Ôîòî È. Æèìóë¸âà Fig. 5. Fledglings of the Ural Owl (24/07/2005). Photo by I. Zhimulev

Raptors Conservation 2007, 8

Äëèííîõâîñòàÿ íåÿñûòü (Strix uralensis) Âèä çàíåñ¸í â Êðàñíóþ êíèãó Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè. Îäíàêî, ïî äàííûì È.Â. Êàðÿêèíà è äð. (2000) â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ äëèííîõâîñòàÿ íåÿñûòü – îäíà èç ñàìûõ îáû÷íûõ ñîâ þãî-âîñòî÷íîé ÷àñòè Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè, îíà ðàâíîìåðíî íàñåëÿåò òåððèòîðèè, ïîêðûòûå ëåñîì, ñ ïëîòíîñòüþ 0,25 ïàðû íà 1 êì2. Ïî äàííûì, ïðèâåäåííûì â Àòëàñå Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè (2002), ñðåäíåëåòíÿÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü ýòîãî âèäà çà 1960–1999 ãã. â ÷åòûð¸õ çîíàõ (þæíàÿ òàéãà, þæíîòà¸æíûå áîëîòà, ïîäòàéãà è ëåñîñòåïü) ñîñòàâèëà ñîîòâåòñòâåííî 600, 30, 1500 è 300 îñîáåé. Â 1960-å ãã. äëèííîõâîñòàÿ íåÿñûòü â Àêàäåìãîðîäêå è åãî îêðåñòíîñòÿõ áûëà âåñüìà ðåäêà – Â.Ì. Ñìèðíîâ (1972) è Â.È. Òåëåãèí ñ ñîàâò. (1980) íàçûâàþò åå «åäèíè÷íî çèìóþùåé è âîçìîæíî ãíåçäÿùåéñÿ ïòèöåé». Ïî èõ äàííûì îíà íàáëþäàëàñü îäèí ðàç â èþëå 1967 ã. â ñìåøàííîì ëåñó ïî ëåâîìó áåðåãó ð. Çûðÿíêè (Áîòàíè÷åñêèé ñàä). Â õîäå èññëåäîâàíèé 1975–1978 ãã. äëèííîõâîñòóþ íåÿñûòü â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ Àêàäåìãîðîäêà âñòðå÷àëè, â îñíîâíîì, â áåð¸çîâî-ñîñíîâûõ ëåñàõ. Âî âíåãíåçäîâîå âðåìÿ – â ïåðâîé ïîëîâèíå 1978 ã. (0,5), à òàêæå â ïåðâîé è âòîðîé ïîëîâèíå äåêàáðÿ 1975 è 1978 ãã. (0,7 è 2). Ïî äàííûì ìíîãîëåòíèõ èþíüñêèõ ó÷åòîâ â ñìåøàííûõ è ìåëêîëèñòâåííûõ ëåñàõ äëèííîõâîñòàÿ íåÿñûòü áûëà îòìå÷åíà â 1978 è 1980 ãã. (0,2 è 2) (Öûáóëèí, 1985). Ïî ðåçóëüòàòàì ó÷åòîâ ïòèö ñ 16 ìàÿ ïî 31 àâãóñòà 1981 ã. îíà íå áûëà îáíàðóæåíà â Àêàäåìãîðîäêå; â ñîñíîâî-áîðîâîì ëàíäøàôòå ëåñîïàðêîâîé çîíû îêðåñòíîñòåé Àêàäåìãîðîäêà îáèëèå ñîñòàâèëî â ñðåäíåì 0,9 â ïåðâîé ïîëîâèíå ëåòà è 0,2 – âî âòîðîé (Âàðòàïåòîâ è äð., 1987). Â ïîñëåäíèå 15–20 ëåò äëèííîõâîñòàÿ íåÿñûòü ñòàëà âñòðå÷àòüñÿ äàæå â ñàìîì

Àêàäåìãîðîäêå è äîñòàòî÷íî ÷àñòî â åãî îêðåñòíîñòÿõ, â ÷àñòíîñòè, â Áîòàíè÷åñêîì ñàäó. Ïîñêîëüêó äàëåêî íå âñå âñòðå÷è ïîïàëè â ó÷åòû ïòèö, öåëåñîîáðàçíî èõ ïåðå÷èñëèòü. Íà òåððèòîðèè ñîáñòâåííî Àêàäåìãîðîäêà å¸ íàáëþäàëè âîçëå Ôèçìàòøêîëû çèìîé 1982/1983 ã., òàì æå 16 äåêàáðÿ 1995 ã., çàòåì äâàæäû áûëà âñòðå÷åíà òàì æå â íîÿáðå 1996 ã., 6 ìàÿ, 29 ñåíòÿáðÿ è 30 îêòÿáðÿ 2003 ã. è 31 ìàðòà 2004 ã. – â ðàéîíå óíèâåðñèòåòà. 28 îêòÿáðÿ 2003 ã. äëèííîõâîñòàÿ íåÿñûòü áûëà îáíàðóæåíà â ñàìîì öåíòðå Àêàäåìãîðîäêà – íà Ìîðñêîì ïðîñïåêòå. Íåñêîëüêî âñòðå÷ ýòîé ïòèöû áûëî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíî â âå÷åðíåå âðåìÿ ñîòðóäíèêàìè Èíñòèòóòà öèòîëîãèè è ãåíåòèêè ÑÎ ÐÀÍ â ðàéîíå ýòîãî èíñòèòóòà 1 ìàÿ 2004 ã., 25 èþëÿ 2005 ã., 21 àâãóñòà 2005 ã. Ïî ñîîáùåíèþ Å.È. Æèìóë¸âà îäíà ïòèöà íî÷üþ áûëà ñáèòà àâòîìîáèëåì 13 àâãóñòà 2006 ã. Â Ïðèîáñêîì áîðó âñòðå÷åí ñë¸òîê äëèííîõâîñòîé íåÿñûòè â ìàå 1983 ã. è âçðîñëûå ïòèöû 3 è 30 îêòÿáðÿ 2003 ã., 24 ìàÿ è 23 ñåíòÿáðÿ 2004 ã. Â ñîñíÿêå ìåæäó èíñòèòóòàìè è æèëîé çîíîé áûëè âñòðå÷è ýòîé ïòèöû 25 ôåâðàëÿ, 29 ìàðòà è 5 ìàÿ 2004 ã. Â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ Àêàäåìãîðîäêà âñòðå÷è áûëè òàêæå ìíîãî÷èñëåííû – ÷àñòü èç íèõ ïåðå÷èñëåíû íèæå: â Áîòàíè÷åñêîì ñàäó â äîëèíå ð. Çûðÿíêè – çèìîé 1981/1982, äâà ñë¸òêà âñòðå÷åíû 29 èþíÿ 2004 ã., ñ 24 èþíÿ ïî 14 àâãóñòà 2005 ã. íà ïðîòÿæåíèè ïîëóòîðà ìåñÿöåâ òàì æå ïîñòîÿííî âñòðå÷àëè äâà âûâîäêà äëèííîõâîñòûõ íåÿñûòåé (äâå è òðè ìîëîäûõ ïòèöû ñîîòâåòñòâåííî) (ðèñ. 5), 11 äåêàáðÿ 2005 ã. – ñïÿùàÿ ñîâà íà ñîñíå, 4 èþíÿ 2006 ã. åù¸ îäíà – êóïàþùàÿñÿ â ðó÷üå, ñôîòîãðàôèðîâàííàÿ çàòåì íà åëè (ðèñ. 4), òàêæå îäíà ïòèöà – íà âîäîðàçäåëå ð. Çûðÿíêè â Áîòàíè÷åñêîì ñàäó –18 èþíÿ 2006 ã. Â 500–1000 ì ê þãó îò Áîòàíè÷åñêîãî ñàäà äâå ïòèöû âñòðå÷åíû 23 èþëÿ 2004 ã. è äâå – 5 àâãóñòà 2005 ã. íà äíå îâðàãà â áàññåéíå ð. Øàäðèõè ó ñàäîâîãî êîîïåðàòèâà «Ôëîðà–3». Â íà÷àëå ñåíòÿáðÿ 2000 ã. ïàðà äëèííîõâîñòûõ íåÿñûòåé öåëûé äåíü ïðîñèäåëà íà áîêîâîé âåòâè áîëüøîé ñòàðîé áåð¸çû, ðàñòóùåé â 15 ì îò îãîðîäíîãî ó÷àñòêà â îáùåñòâå «Ãåíåòèê». Ñ 1 ïî 5 ìàðòà 2004 ã. íåñêîëüêî ÷åëîâåê èç Èíñòèòóòà öèòîëîãèè è ãåíåòèêè ñëûøàëè êðèêè äëèííîõâîñòîé íåÿñûòè â åëüíèêå ïðèìåðíî â òîì æå ìåñòå. Âñå ýòè ñâåäåíèÿ ãîâîðÿò î òîì, ÷òî äàííûé âèä íå ÿâëÿåòñÿ ðåäêîñòüþ â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ Àêàäåìãîðîäêà.

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 8 Áîðîäàòàÿ íåÿñûòü (Strix nebulosa) Âèä çàíåñ¸í â Êðàñíóþ êíèãó Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè; ïî äàííûì, ïðèâåäåííûì â Àòëàñå Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè (2002), ñðåäíåëåòíÿÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü çà 1960–1999 ãã. â ÷åòûð¸õ çîíàõ (þæíàÿ òàéãà, þæíîòà¸æíûå áîëîòà, ïîäòàéãà è ëåñîñòåïü) ñîñòàâèëà ñîîòâåòñòâåííî 800, 200, 0 è 0 îñîáåé. Â Àêàäåìãîðîäêå è îêðåñòíîñòÿõ áûëà âñòðå÷åíà îäèí ðàç 17 ÿíâàðÿ 1970 ã. â ñìåøàííîì ëåñó (Ñìèðíîâ, 1972; Òåëåãèí è äð., 1980). Â õîäå ó÷¸òîâ â Àêàäåìãîðîäêå ñ 20 ìàÿ ïî 30 àâãóñòà 1995 ã. îäèíî÷íûõ ïòèö âñòðå÷àëè íåñêîëüêî ðàç â èþíå â îñèíîâî-áåð¸çîâîì ëåñó, à 26 èþíÿ áûë îáíàðóæåí ïóõîâîé ïòåíåö (Ãðàáîâñêèé, 1997). Ñëåäû îõîòû áîðîäàòîé íåÿñûòè íà ïîë¸âêó áûëè îáíàðóæåíû 15 ìàðòà 2003 ã. ïî äîðîãå èç ñ. Ìîðîçîâî íà ð. Îïàëèõó (10 êì ê þãî-âîñòîêó îò Àêàäåìãîðîäêà) (ðèñ. 6).

Ëèòåðàòóðà Àòëàñ Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè (âòîðîå èçäàíèå). Ìîñêâà, Ðîñêàðòîãðàôèÿ, 2002. Âàðòàïåòîâ Ë.Ã., Áëèíîâ Â.Í., Æóêîâ Â.Ñ. Ïðîñòðàíñòâåííî-âðåìåííàÿ äèíàìèêà ëåòíåãî íàñåëåíèÿ ïòèö Íîâîñèáèðñêîãî Àêàäåìãîðîäêà è åãî ëåñîïàðêîâîé çîíû. – Ôàóíà, òàêñîíîìèÿ, ýêîëîãèÿ ìëåêîïèòàþùèõ è ïòèö. Ñåðèÿ Ôàóíà Ñèáèðè, Íîâîñèáèðñê, Íàóêà, Ñèáèðñêîå îòäåëåíèå, 1987. Ñ. 141–170.

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ Ãðàáîâñêèé Ì.À. Ðåäêèå ïòèöû îêðåñòíîñòåé Íîâîñèáèðñêà. – Ìàòåðèàëû ê ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèþ ïòèö íà Óðàëå, â Ïðèóðàëüå è Çàïàäíîé Ñèáèðè (Ñáîðíèê ñòàòåé). Åêàòåðèíáóðã, Èçäàòåëüñòâî «Åêàòåðèíáóðã», 1997. Ñ. 49–50. Êàðÿêèí È., Âàñåíüêîâ Ä., Äóáûíèí À. Äëèííîõâîñòàÿ íåÿñûòü â Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè – èç Êðàñíîé êíèãè íà âîëþ? – Ñèáèðñêèé ýêîëîãè÷åñêèé âåñòíèê. 2000. ¹ 13–14. Ñ. 58–61. Êàðÿêèí È.Â., Ðûáåíêî À.Â., Òîìèëåíêî À.À., Âàñåíüêîâ Ä.À., Ñìåëÿíñêèé È.Ý. Íîâûå äàííûå î ðåäêèõ è íóæäàþùèõñÿ â îõðàíå âèäàõ ðåäêèõ ïòèö ïðàâîáåðåæüÿ Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè. – «Äîêëàä î ñîñòîÿíèè îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäû Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè â 2003 ãîäó» Íîâîñèáèðñê, Àðòà, 2004. Ñ. 71–72. Êàðÿêèí È.Â., Ðûáåíêî À.Â., Íèêîëåíêî Ý.Ã. Íîâûå äàííûå ïî ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèþ è ÷èñëåííîñòè íåêîòîðûõ õèùíûõ ïòèö è ñîâ â Îáñêîì ïðàâîáåðåæüå Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè. – Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà, 2005. ¹ 3. Ñ. 54–67. Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè: ìëåêîïèòàþùèå, ïòèöû, çåìíîâîäíûå, ðûáû, ÷åðâè, íàñåêîìûå – Îòâ. ðåä. Ì.Ã. Ñåðãååâ. Íîâîñèáèðñê, Ãîñêîìýêîëîãèÿ Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè, 2000. 310 ñ. Ðûáåíêî À.Â. Èçó÷åíèå ïðîñòðàíñòâåííîãî ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ õèùíûõ ïòèö ñ öåëüþ âûÿâëåíèÿ ýêîëîãè÷åñêîãî êàðêàñà (íà ïðèìåðå áàññåéíà ð. Áåðäü). Äèïëîìíàÿ ðàáîòà. Íîâîñèáèðñêèé ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé óíèâåðñèòåò, ôàêóëüòåò åñòåñòâåííûõ íàóê, êàôåäðà îáùåé áèîëîãèè è ýêîëîãèè. Íîâîñèáèðñê, 2004. Ðÿáèöåâ Â.Ê. Ïòèöû Óðàëà, Ïðèóðàëüÿ è Çàïàäíîé Ñèáèðè. Åêàòåðèíáóðã, Èçäàòåëüñòâî Óðàëüñêîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà. 2002. 605 ñ. Ñìèðíîâ Â.Ì. Ìàòåðèàëû ê õàðàêòåðèñòèêå îðíèòîôàóíû ëåñîâ â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ Íîâîñèáèðñêîãî íàó÷íîãî öåíòðà. – Âîïðîñû ëåñîïàðêîâîãî õîçÿéñòâà è îçåëåíåíèÿ Íîâîñèáèðñêîãî íàó÷íîãî öåíòðà. Íîâîñèáèðñê, Öåíòðàëüíûé Ñèáèðñêèé Áîòàíè÷åñêèé Ñàä, 1972. Ñ. 42–60. Òåëåãèí Â.È. Ôàóíà ëåñîïàðêà è âëèÿíèå íà åå ôîðìèðîâàíèå àíòðîïîãåííîãî ôàêòîðà. – Èçâåñòèÿ ÑÎ ÀÍ ÑÑÑÐ, ñåðèÿ áèîëîãè÷åñêàÿ. 1971. ¹ 5, âûï.1, Ñ. 58–66. Òåëåãèí Â.È., Èâëåâà Í.Ã., Ðåøåòíèêîâ Ñ.Ñ. Ïòèöû, çèìóþùèå â ëåñîïàðêå Íîâîñèáèðñêîãî íàó÷íîãî öåíòðà. – Áèîòåõíèÿ. Òåîðåòè÷åñêèå îñíîâû è ïðàêòè÷åñêèå ðàáîòû â Ñèáèðè. Íîâîñèáèðñê: Èçäàòåëüñòâî Íàóêà, Ñèáèðñêîå îòäåëåíèå. 1980. Ñ. 265–274. Öûáóëèí Ñ.Ì. Ïòèöû äèôôóçíîãî ãîðîäà. Íîâîñèáèðñê: Èçäàòåëüñòâî Íàóêà, Ñèáèðñêîå îòäåëåíèå. 1985. 168 ñ.

Ðèñ. 6. Ñëåä áîðîäàòîé íåÿñûòè (Strix nebulosa) íà ñíåãó, îñòàâëåííûé âî âðåìÿ áðîñêà íà ïîë¸âêó (15.03.2003). Ôîòî Ò. Êîëåñíèêîâîé Fig. 6. Footsteps of the Great Grey Owl on snow (Strix nebulosa) (15/03/2003). Photo by T. Kolesnikova

Short Reports

Raptors Conservation 2007, 8

Short Reports КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ Registration of the Steppe Eagle in Ulyanovsk region, Russia ЗАЛЁТ СТЕПНОГО ОРЛА НА ТЕРРИТОРИЮ УЛЬЯНОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ, РОССИЯ Borodin O.V. (Simbirsk Branch of the Russian Bird Conservation Union, Ulyanovsk) Бородин О. В. (Симбирс ое отделение Союза охраны птиц России, Ульяновс ) Êîíòàêò: Îëåã Áîðîäèí Ñèìáèðñêîå îòäåëåíèå Ñîþçà îõðàíû ïòèö Ðîññèè Óëüÿíîâñêàÿ îáëàñòíàÿ ñòàíöèÿ þíûõ íàòóðàëèñòîâ Ðîññèÿ 432071 Óëüÿíîâñê óë. Îìñêàÿ, 24 òåë. : +7 (8422) 44 89 59 orlasha@mail.ru Contact: Oleg Borodin Russian Bird Conservation Union Simbirsk Branch Omskaya str., 24 Ulyanovsk 432071 Russia tel.: +7 (8422) 44 89 59 orlasha@mail.ru

Â êíèãå «Ïòèöû Âîëæñêî-Êàìñêîãî êðàÿ» (1978), â ðåãèîíàëüíûõ ñïèñêàõ ïòèö ñòåïíîé îð¸ë (Aquila nipalensis) óêàçàí êàê ðåäêèé ãíåçäÿùèéñÿ âèä â áîëüøèíñòâå ñðåäíåâîëæñêèõ ðåñïóáëèê è îáëàñòåé, â òîì ÷èñëå è â Óëüÿíîâñêîé îáëàñòè. Ýòîò ñòàòóñ ïðåáûâàíèÿ âèäà â íåêîòîðûõ ðåãèîíàõ, âèäèìî, áûë îïðåäåë¸í îøèáî÷íî, ò. ê. â ïåðâîì òîìå ìîíîãðàôèè (1977) î ñòåïíîì îðëå íåò îòäåëüíîãî î÷åðêà è ñîîáùàåòñÿ, ÷òî «â þæíûõ áåçëåñíûõ ðàéîíàõ êðàÿ íå èñêëþ÷åíà âîçìîæíîñòü âñòðå÷è ðåäêî çàëåòàþùåãî ñòåïíîãî îðëà…». Äëÿ Óëüÿíîâñêîé îáëàñòè çàë¸òû ñòåïíîãî îðëà ïðèâîäÿòñÿ â ðÿäå ïóáëèêàöèé (Àáðàõèíà è äð., 1993, 2004), îäíàêî áåç êàêèõ-ëèáî ïîäòâåðæäàþùèõ ìàòåðèàëîâ. Â ïîëåâûõ óñëîâèÿõ çà ñòåïíîãî îðëà ìîãëè ïðèíÿòü îáû÷íûõ â þæíûõ «çàñûçðàíñêèõ» ðàéîíàõ íåïîëîâîçðåëûõ ìîãèëüíèêîâ. Ñîãëàñíî ñîâðåìåííûì äàííûì, ñòåïíîé îð¸ë ãíåçäèòñÿ â Âîëãî-Óðàëüñêîì ìåæäóðå÷üå ïðèìåðíî äî 52–53-é ïàðàëëåëè íà ñåâåð – íà þãî-âîñòîêå Ñàìàðñêîé îáëàñòè (È.Â. Êàðÿêèí, ëè÷íîå ñîîáùåíèå) è íà âîñòîêå Ñàðàòîâñêîãî Çàâîëæüÿ (Ñòåïàíÿí, 2003; Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà Ñàðàòîâñêîé îáëàñòè…, 1996). Êàê ðåäêèé çàë¸òíûé âèä îòìå÷åí â Ïåíçåíñêîé îáëàñòè è â ×óâàøèè (Êëþ÷åâûå…, 2000). Â Òàòàðñòàí ñòåïíîé îð¸ë íåîäíîêðàòíî çàëåòàë êàê íà þãî-âîñòîê, òàê è â þæíûå Ïðåäâîëæñêèå ðàéîíû ðåñïóáëèêè, äàæå ñåâåðíåå ãðàíèö Óëüÿíîâñêîé îáëàñòè (Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà Ðåñïóáëèêè Òàòàðñòàí…, 1995; Àñüêååâ, Àñüêååâ, 1999). Â àïðåëå 2006 ã. íà Óëüÿíîâñêóþ îáëàñòíóþ ñòàíöèþ þíûõ íàòóðàëèñòîâ ïîïàë íåáîëüøîé îð¸ë, êîòîðûé áûë ñáèò òðàêòîðîì îêîëî ñ. Åëøàíêà Óëüÿíîâñêîãî ðàéîíà (N 54,08 E 48,10) â ñåðåäèíå ñåíòÿáðÿ 2005 ã. Ìàøèíà âðåçàëàñü â ñòàþ õèùíèêîâ èç íåñêîëüêèõ îñîáåé, è îäèí îð¸ë îñòàëñÿ íà ïîëå ñî ñëîìàííûì êðûëîì. Íåñêîëüêî ìåñÿöåâ åãî ñîäåðæàëè íà

A young Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis) that had been knock down by a tractor near Elshanka village of the Ulyanovsk region (N 54.08 E 48.10) on the middle of September 2005 was brought in the Ulyanovsk regional station on young naturalists in April 2006. This is the first confirmed registration of the Steppe Eagle in the Ulyanovsk district.

Ñòåïíîé îð¸ë (Aquila nipalensis). Ôîòî Î. Áîðîäèíà Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis). Photo by O. Borodin

ñåëüñêîì ïîäâîðüå. Ñåé÷àñ îð¸ë æèâ¸ò íà ñòàíöèè þííàòîâ, áûñòðî ïðèâûê ê ëþäÿì, îñâîèëñÿ â óñëîâèÿõ íåâîëè, íî ëåòàòü îí íå ìîæåò. Ïðè âíèìàòåëüíîì ðàññìîòðåíèè ïòèöà îêàçàëàñü ìîëîäûì ñòåïíûì îðëîì (ñì. ôîòî). Äàííûé çàë¸ò âïîëíå âïèñûâàåòñÿ â êàðòèíó ðàçë¸òà ìîëîäûõ ïòèö ýòîãî âèäà, íî íà ýòîò ðàç íàõîäêà ïîäòâåðæäåíà ôîòîãðàôèÿìè.

Ëèòåðàòóðà Àáðàõèíà È.Á., Îñèïîâà Â.Á., Öàð¸â Ã.Í. Ïîçâîíî÷íûå æèâîòíûå Óëüÿíîâñêîé îáëàñòè. Óëüÿíîâñê: Ñèìáèðñêàÿ êíèãà, 1993. 246 ñ. Àáðàõèíà È.Á., Îñèïîâà Â.Á., Öàð¸â Ã.Í., Íàçàðåíêî Â.À. Ðåäêèå âèäû ïîçâîíî÷íûõ æèâîòíûõ Óëüÿíîâñêîé îáëàñòè. Óëüÿíîâñê: ÓëÃÒÓ, 2004. 117 ñ.

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 8 Àñüêååâ È.Â., Àñüêååâ Î.Â. Îðíèòîôàóíà ðåñïóáëèêè Òàòàðñòàí (êîíñïåêò ñîâðåìåííîãî ñîñòîÿíèÿ). Êàçàíü, 1999 ã. 124 ñ. Êëþ÷åâûå îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêèå òåððèòîðèè Ðîññèè. Ò. 1. Êëþ÷åâûå îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêèå òåððèòîðèè ìåæäóíàðîäíîãî çíà÷åíèÿ â Åâðîïåéñêîé Ðîññèè. Ì.: Ñîþç îõðàíû ïòèö Ðîññèè, 2000. 702 ñ. Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà Ðåñïóáëèêè Òàòàðñòàí (æèâîòíûå, ðàñòåíèÿ, ãðèáû). Êàçàíü, 1995. Ñ. 50. Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà Ñàðàòîâñêîé îáëàñòè: Ðàñòåíèÿ,

Êðàòêèå ñîîáùåíèÿ ãðèáû, ëèøàéíèêè. Æèâîòíûå. Ñàðàòîâ: Ðåãèîíàëüíîå Ïðèâîëæñêîå èçä-âî «Äåòñêàÿ êíèãà», 1996. 264 ñ. Ïòèöû Âîëæñêî-Êàìñêîãî êðàÿ: Âîðîáüèíûå. / Ïîä ðåä. Â.À. Ïîïîâà. Ì.: Íàóêà, 1978. 231 ñ. Ïòèöû Âîëæñêî-Êàìñêîãî êðàÿ: Íåâîðîáüèíûå. / Ïîä ðåä. Â.À. Ïîïîâà. Ì.: Íàóêà, 1977. 296 ñ. Ñòåïàíÿí Ë.Ñ. Êîíñïåêò îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêîé ôàóíû Ðîññèè è ñîïðåäåëüíûõ òåððèòîðèé (â ãðàíèöàõ ÑÑÑÐ êàê èñòîðè÷åñêîé îáëàñòè). Ì.: ÈÊÖ «Àêàäåìêíèãà», 2003. 808 ñ.

The Golden Eagle in the Ust-Ordynskiy Autonomous Disrict, Russia БЕРКУТ В УСТЬ-ОРДЫНСКОМ БУРЯТСКОМ АВТОНОМНОМ ОКРУГЕ, РОССИЯ Maleev V.G. (State Duma of the Russian Federation, Russia Малеев В.Г. (Гос дарственная д ма Российс ой Федерации, Россия) Êîíòàêò: Â.Ã. Ìàëååâ Ãîñóäàðñòâåííàÿ äóìà Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè Ðîññèÿ 669001 ÓÎÁÀÎ ïîñ. Óñòü-Îðäûíñêèé óë. Ëåíèíà, 18 Contact: V.G. Maleev State Duma of the Russian Federation Lenina str., 18 Ust-Ordynskiy Ust-Ordynskiy Autonomous District Russia 669001

Íà òåððèòîðèè Óñòü-Îðäûíñêîãî Áóðÿòñêîãî àâòîíîìíîãî îêðóãà (ÓÎÁÀÎ), îñíîâíàÿ ÷àñòü òåððèòîðèè êîòîðîãî ðàñïîëîæåíà â Âåðõíåì Ïðèàíãàðüå (Áàéêàëüñêèé ðåãèîí), áåðêóò (Aquila chrysaetos) – ðåäêèé ãíåçäÿùèéñÿ, ïåðåë¸òíûé è çèìóþùèé âèä. Ïåðâûå óïîìèíàíèÿ î âñòðå÷àõ áåðêóòà íà òåððèòîðèè îêðóãà îòíîñÿòñÿ ê 30-ì ãîäàì ïðîøëîãî âåêà. Â.Í. Ñêàëîí (1934) îòìå÷àë, ÷òî â Âåðõíåì Ïðèàíãàðüå áåðêóò âñòðå÷àëñÿ ÷àùå äðóãèõ îðëîâ. Â ëåòíåå âðåìÿ áåðêóò âñòðå÷åí â Ýõèðèò-Áóëàãàòñêîì ðàéîíå â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ïîñåëêà Êóäàðåéêà, ãäå ïðåäïîëàãàëîñü ãíåçäîâàíèå (Áîãîðîäñêèé, 1989), êîòîðîå áûëî óñòàíîâëåíî â 1979 ã. â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ äåðåâíè Áàòõàé (Ïîïîâ, Õîðîøóí, 1984). Ãíåçäî áûëî ðàñïîëîæåíî â ñìåøàííîì ëåñó â äîëèíå ð. Õóðøèðåé-Ãîë (ïðèòîê ðåêè Êóäàðåéêà) è áûëî ðàñïîëîæåíî íà ñîñíå, íà âûñîòå 20 ì. Äèàìåòð ãíåçäà ñîñòàâëÿë áîëåå 2-õ ì, à âûñîòà – áîëåå 1,5 ì. Â ãíåçäå íàõîäèëñÿ îäèí ïòåíåö, êîòîðûé ïîêèíóë ãíåçäî 18 èþëÿ. Â ïîñëåäñòâèè îí áûë çàñòðåëåí áðàêîíüåðîì, è, â ñâÿçè ñ ýòèì, áåðêóòû ïåðåñòàëè ãíåçäèòüñÿ íà ýòîì ìåñòå. Òåì íå ìåíåå, îðëîâ òàì æå íàáëþäàëè â ãíåçäîâîå âðåìÿ â 1980–81 ãã. Â 7-ìè ïîãàäêàõ, ñîáðàííûõ ó ãíåçäà, ñîäåðæàëèñü îñòàíêè çàéöà-áåëÿêà (Lepus timidus) (â 5 ïîãàäêàõ), ãëóõàðÿ (Tetrao urogallus), êîñóëè (Capreolus capreolus), õèùíîé ïòèöû è ìûøåâèäíûõ ãðûçóíîâ (ïî 1-îé ïîãàäêå). Â ãíåçäå îáíàðóæåíû îñòàíêè 5 çàéöåâ-áåëÿêîâ, 4 ãðûçóíîâ è ïî îäíîìó ýêçåìïëÿðó êîëîíêà (Mustela sibirica) è ÷èðêà-ñâèñòóíêà (Anas crecca) (êàðòîòåêà áèîôàêà Èðêóòñêîãî ãîñóäàð-

The Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) is the rare breeding, migrating and wintering species on the territory of the Ust-Ordynskiy Autonomous Disrict (Baikal region). The first registration of breeding of the species was near Bachtay village in 1979 (Popov, Choroshun, 1984). The Golden Eagle was noted near the Hashkay Mount in the lower reaches of the Unga River on the 19 and 23 July 1983 (Popov, Ryabtsev, 2003), in the territory of the Krasniy Yar Federal Nature Reserve on the August 2003 (archive of biological faculty, Irkutsk State University), in the Ungura River valley near Duchovschina village on the 22 July and near Ust-Ordynskiy village on the 23 August 2006. We found a nest of eagles on an old larch tree at a height of 10 m on the fired territory covering by trees. The nest contained two chicks in the middle of June. We recorded eagles during autoroutes in a forest-steppe of the Baikal region: 2 eagles (per 5235 km of autoroutes) were noted in the summer 1998, 2 birds (6050 km) – in 1999 (Ryabtsev, 2000), only an eagle (per 3790 km) was recorded in 2005 (Ryabtsev, Voronova, 2006) and 3 birds (per 12500 km of autoroutes) in 2006. However all surveys were in forest-steppe regions that are unusual places for the species inhabitance. The actual number of the Golden Eagle is most likely higher and is more than 10 pairs. The Golden Eagle is protected on the territory of the district and is included in the Red Data Book of the district (2003, 2006) as a rare species (3 category).

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Áåðêóò (Aquila chrysaetos). Ôîòî ïðåäîñòàâëåíî Â. Ïîïîâûì The Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos). Photo from V. Popov

Raptors Conservation 2007, 8 ñòâåííîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà). Ïî âñåé âèäèìîñòè, îñíîâó ïèòàíèÿ áåðêóòà íà òåððèòîðèè îêðóãà ñîñòàâëÿåò çàÿö-áåëÿê. Îäèíî÷íûé áåðêóò íàáëþäàëñÿ 19 è 23 èþëÿ 1983 ã. â ñîñíîâîì ëåñó â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ãîðû Õàøêàé – â íèçîâüÿõ ð. Óíãà (Ïîïîâ, Ðÿáöåâ, 2003). Ïî äàííûì êàðòîòåêè áèîôàêà ÈÃÓ â àâãóñòå 1983 ã. áåðêóòû, â òîì ÷èñëå è ìîëîäàÿ ïòèöà, íåîäíîêðàòíî âñòðå÷àëèñü íà òåððèòîðèè ôåäåðàëüíîãî çàêàçíèêà «Êðàñíûé ßð» â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ îäíîèìåííîãî ïîñ¸ëêà. Â 2006 ã. îðëîâ âñòðå÷àëè 22 èþíÿ â äîëèíå ð. Óíãóðà â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ïîñ¸ëêà Äóõîâùèíà è 23 àâãóñòà â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ïîñ¸ëêà Óñòü-Îðäûíñêèé. Â ýòîì æå ãîäó áûëî îáíàðóæåíî ãíåçäî áåðêóòà â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ áûâøåãî ïîñ¸ëêà Äàíèëîâñêîå (Áàÿíäàåâñêèé ðàéîí). Ãíåçäî áûëî ðàñïîëîæåíî íà ñòàðîé ëèñòâåííèöå íà âûñîòå 10 ì íà çàðàñòàþùåé ãàðè. Â ãíåçäå â ñåðåäèíå èþíÿ íàõîäèëîñü 2 ïòåíöà. Ðÿäîì â 150 ì, òàêæå íà ñòàðîé ëèñòâåííèöå, áûëî îáíàðóæåíî çàïàñíîå ãíåçäî. Â õîäå àâòîìîáèëüíûõ ó÷¸òîâ â ëåñîñòåïíîì Ïðåäáàéêàëüå â ëåòíèé ñåçîí 1998 ã. (íà 5235 êì àâòîïðîáåãà) áûëî âñòðå÷åíî ëèøü 2 îñîáè, â 1999 ã. (6050 êì) – òàêæå 2 áåðêóòà (Ðÿáöåâ, 2000). Â ñåçîí 2005 ã. íà 3790 êì áûë âñòðå÷åí âñåãî 1 áåðêóò (Ðÿáöåâ, Âîðîíîâà, 2006). Â 2006 ã. íà 12500 êì àâòîìîáèëüíûõ ó÷¸òîâ âñòðå÷åíî âñåãî 3 áåðêóòà. Ñëåäóåò îòìåòèòü, ÷òî âñå ýòè ó÷¸òû, â îñíîâíîì, ïðîâîäèëèñü â ëåñîñòåïíûõ ðàéîíàõ, íå õàðàêòåðíûõ íà òåððèòîðèè îêðóãà äëÿ ýòîãî âèäà. Ðåàëüíàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü áåðêóòà íà òåððèòîðèè îêðóãà, ñêîðåå âñåãî, âûøå. Ìû ïðåäïîëàãàåì îáèòàíèå çäåñü íå ìåíåå äåñÿòè ïàð áåðêóòà. Â ïåðèîä ñåçîííûõ ìèãðàöèé áåðêóò íåîäíîêðàòíî îòìå÷àëñÿ â äîëèíå ð. Êóäû, â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ Êóäàðåéêè 30 ìàðòà 1980 ã. (Áîãîðîäñêèé, 1979), íà ïîáåðåæüå Áðàòñêîãî âîäîõðàíèëèùà ñåâåðíåå ï. Ïåðâîìàéñêèé 26 àâãóñòà 1998 ã. (Ïîïîâ, Ñàëîâàðîâ, 1999) è â íèçîâüÿõ ð. Óíãè â Íóêóòñêîì ðàéîíå (Ïîïîâ, Ðÿáöåâ, 2003). Â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ïîñåëêà Êðàñíûé ßð ïî äàííûì êàðòîòåêè ÈÃÓ â 1983 ã. 13 àâãóñòà íàáëþäàëè 4-õ áåðêóòîâ, â òîì ÷èñëå 2-õ ìîëîäûõ, 14 àâãóñòà – 10 ïòèö, â òîì ÷èñëå

ìîëîäóþ, íà ñëåäóþùèé äåíü – 4-õ áåðêóòîâ, 18 àâãóñòà – 8 áåðêóòîâ, 20 àâãóñòà – 3 áåðêóòà è 19 è 22 àâãóñòà – ïî îäíîìó áåðêóòó. Ýòî ãîâîðèò î âîçìîæíîñòè íàëè÷èÿ îñíîâíîãî ïðîë¸òà áåðêóòà íàä ëåñîïîêðûòûìè ðàéîíàìè, ãäå èõ òðóäíî çàìåòèòü â ýòîò ïåðèîä. Ïîäòâåðæäåíèåì ýòîãî ôàêòà ÿâëÿåòñÿ ðåäêîñòü âñòðå÷ áåðêóòà â îñåííåå âðåìÿ â ëåñîñòåïíûõ ðàéîíàõ. Íà çèìîâêå áåðêóò îòìå÷åí â ÝõèðèòÁóëàãàòñêîì ðàéîíå â ôåâðàëå è äåêàáðå 1980 ã. â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ äåðåâíè Áàòõàé (Ïîïîâ, Õîðîøóí, 1984), â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ïîñåëêà Óñòü-Îðäûíñêèé â 1999–2000 ãã. (Ðÿáöåâ, 2000). Â óðî÷èùå Äàíèëîâñêîå (Áàÿíäàåâñêèé ðàéîí) áåðêóò âñòðå÷åí íà çèìîâêå â äåêàáðå 2004 ã. è 2005 ã. Â 2005 ã. áåðêóò âñòðå÷åí êîðìÿùèìñÿ íà îñòàíêàõ ïîãèáøåé êîñóëè. Âî âòîðîé ïîëîâèíå íîÿáðÿ 2005 ã. áåðêóòà â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ äåðåâíè Õîãîò íàáëþäàë Â.Ï. Áîðîäåíêî, à 18 ÿíâàðÿ 2005 ã. â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ïîñåëêà Óñòü-Îðäûíñêèé Â.Â. Ïîïîâ. Â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ïîñåëêà Êóäàðåéêà 19 íîÿáðÿ 2006 ã. áåðêóòà íàáëþäàë À.Ï. Äåìèäîâè÷. Ñëåäóåò îòìåòèòü, ÷òî áîëüøèíñòâî çèìíèõ âñòðå÷ áåðêóòà ïðèóðî÷åíî ê òà¸æíûì ðàéîíàì. Áåðêóò íà òåððèòîðèè îêðóãà ÿâëÿåòñÿ îõðàíÿåìûì âèäîì, âêëþ÷¸ííûì â Êðàñíóþ êíèãó ÓÎÁÀÎ (2003, 2006) â 3 êàòåãîðèþ – ðåäêèå âèäû.

Ëèòåðàòóðà Áîãîðîäñêèé Þ.Â. Ïòèöû Þæíîãî Ïðåäáàéêàëüÿ. Èðêóòñê: Èçä-âî ÈÃÓ, 1989. 207 ñ. Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà Óñòü-Îðäûíñêîãî Áóðÿòñêîãî àâòîíîìíîãî îêðóãà. Èðêóòñê: ÎÎÎ «Âðåìÿ ñòðàíñòâèé», 1-å èçä. 2003. 164. 2-å èçä. 2006. 164 ñ. Ïîïîâ Â.Â., Ðÿáöåâ Â.Â. Áåðêóò. – Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà Óñòü-Îðäûíñêîãî Áóðÿòñêîãî àâòîíîìíîãî îêðóãà. Èðêóòñê: ÎÎÎ «Âåòåð ñòðàíñòâèé», 2003. Ñ. 112–113. Ïîïîâ Â.Â., Ñàëîâàðîâ Â.Î. Õèùíûå ïòèöû ëåñîñòåïè Ïðåäáàéêàëüÿ â ïîñëåãíåçäîâîé ïåðèîä. – Âåñòíèê ÈÃÑÕÀ Èðêóòñê, 1999. Âûï. 14. Ñ. 48–50. Ïîïîâ Â.Â., Õîðîøóí Ñ.Â. Ê ýêîëîãèè áåðêóòà â Èðêóòñêîé îáëàñòè. – Îðíèòîëîãèÿ. Ì., 1984. Âûï. 19. Ñ. 210–211. Ðÿáöåâ Â.Â. Îðëû Áàéêàëà. Èðêóòñê: ÀÝÌ «Òàëüöû», 2000. 128 ñ. Ðÿáöåâ Â.Â., Âîðîíîâà Ñ Ã. Ðåäêèå è ìàëîèçó÷åííûå ïòèöû Óñòü-Îðäûíñêîãî Áóðÿòñêîãî àâòîíîìíîãî îêðóãà: ïðîáëåìû îõðàíû. – Áþëëåòåíü ÂÑÍÖ ÑÎ ÐÀÌÍ, 2006. Âûï. 2. Ñ. 140–145. Ñêàëîí Â.Í. Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè Âåðõíåãî Ïðèàíãàðüÿ è èõ ðîëü â æèçíè ÷åëîâåêà. – Èçâ. Èðê. Ï×È Ñèá. è ÄÂÊ. Ì.-Èðêóòñê, 1934. Ò. 1. Ñ. 55–83.

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 8

Êðàòêèå ñîîáùåíèÿ

Winter observations of the Great Spotted Eagle and White-Tailed Eagle on the south of the Tashkent district, Uzbekistan ЗИМНИЕ ВСТРЕЧИ БОЛЬШОГО ПОДОРЛИКА И ОРЛАНАБЕЛОХВОСТА НА ЮГЕ ТАШКЕНТСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ, УЗБЕКИСТАН Mitropolskiy M.G. (State Inspection of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Guards and Rational Use Animal of the Vegetative World and Reserve) Kashkarov R.D. (Project «Important Bird Areas of Uzbekistan», Institute of Zoology, Uzbekistan) Митропольс ий М.Г. (Госбио онтроль Гос омитета по охране природы Респ бли и Узбе истан) Каш аров Р.Д. (Прое т «Важнейшие Орнитоло"ичес ие Территории Узбе истана», Инстит т зооло"ии, Узбе истан) Â çèìíèé ïåðèîä 2005–2006 ã. â ðàìêàõ ïðîåêòà «Âàæíåéøèå Îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêèå Òåððèòîðèè Óçáåêèñòàíà» îñóùåñòâëåíû ðåãóëÿðíûå êðàòêîñðî÷íûå ïîåçäêè ïî ðàâíèííîé ÷àñòè Òàøêåíòñêîé îáëàñòè. Ïîëó÷åííûå íàáëþäåíèÿ ïîçâîëèëè óòî÷íèòü ñòàòóñ ïðåáûâàíèÿ äâóõ êðóïíûõ ðåäêèõ âèäîâ õèùíûõ ïòèö â Òàøêåíòñêîé îáëàñòè. Áîëüøîé ïîäîðëèê (Aquila clanga) Áîëüøîé ïîäîðëèê (Aquila clanga) (25.03.2006). Ôîòî Ì. Ìèòðîïîëüñêîãî A Great Spotted Eagle (Aquila clanga) (25/03/2006). Photo by M. Mitropolskiy

Êîíòàêò: Ìàêñèì Ìèòðîïîëüñêèé Ãîñáèîêîíòðîëü Ãîñêîìèòåòà ïî îõðàíå ïðèðîäû Óçáåêèñòàíà òåë.: (998 90) 319 15 91 max_raptors@ronl.ru Ðîìàí Êàøêàðîâ Èíñòèòóò çîîëîãèè Àêàäåìèè íàóê Ðåñïóáëèêè Óçáåêèñòàí 700095 Óçáåêèñòàí Òàøêåíò óë. Íèÿçîâà, 1-89 òåë.: (998 71) 393 14 02 roman.kashkarov@iba.uz

Â äîëèíå ñðåäíåé Ñûðäàðüè îòìå÷àåòñÿ íà îñåííåì ïðîë¸òå äîâîëüíî ðåãóëÿðíî: ÷àùå – â îêòÿáðå è çíà÷èòåëüíî ðåæå – â íîÿáðå. Ñàìàÿ ïîçäíÿÿ âñòðå÷à äàòèðóåòñÿ 17 íîÿáðÿ 1907 ã. íà Àùå-êóëå. Äàííûõ ïî çèìîâêå ýòîãî âèäà â Óçáåêèñòàíå ïðàêòè÷åñêè íåò. Èìåþòñÿ ëèøü óêàçàíèÿ À.È. Èâàíîâà (1969) íà âñòðå÷ó Å.Ë. Øåñòîï¸ðîâûì äâóõ îðëîâ íà ïàäàëè áëèç Ìàðãèëàíà 30 äåêàáðÿ. Óêàçàíèÿ À.Í. Áîãäàíîâà (1956) îá îáû÷íîñòè áîëüøèõ ïîäîðëèêîâ çèìîé ïîä Ñàìàðêàíäîì íå ïîäòâåðæäàþòñÿ íèêàêèìè äàòàìè. Íà ïðîòÿæåíèè çèìû 2005–2006 ã. íàìè ðåãóëÿðíî îòìå÷àëèñü îäèíî÷íûå è ïàðíûå ïîäîðëèêè 14–15 ÿíâàðÿ; 26 ôåâðàëÿ, 26 ìàðòà â Äàëüâåðçèíñêîì òóãàå íà Ñûðäàðüå. Ïðè÷¸ì 15 ÿíâàðÿ ñðåäè ïàðû ïîäîðëèêîâ îäèí îòíîñèëñÿ ê ä î â îëüíî ðåäêîé ñâåòëîé ìîðôå – fulvescens. Áîëüøîé ïîäîðëèê áûë âñòðå÷åí òàêæå 4 íîÿáðÿ 2006 ã. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ñîáðàííûé íàìè âèçóàëüíûé ìàòåðèàë óêàçûâàåò íà çèìîâêó áîëüøîãî ïîäîðëèêà â Óçáåêèñòàíå.

During the winter period of 2005–2006, we carried out regular short-term trips by a valley part of the Tashkent district within the project «Important Bird Areas of Uzbekistan». Following the results of surveys we have an opportunity to define the status of the Great Spotted Eagle (Aquila clanga) and the White-Tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) more precisely. Great Spotted Eagle is regular noted on autumn migration in the Middle Syr-Darya River valley. It is more often recorded in October and already much less often – in November. The latest record was dated on November 17, 1907 on the Ashe-Qul Lake. During the winter 2005–2006, we regular recorded single birds and pairs of the Great Spotted Eagle in the Daversinskiy tugay on the Syrdarya River on the 14–15 January, 26 February and 26 March, while a bird of a pair registered on the 15 January was the rare pale morph. Thus these data are the significant addition to the knowledge about the Great Spotted Eagle’s wintering in Uzbekistan. White-Tailed Eagle was irregularly noted migrating and wintering in the Tashkent district and the Middle Syr-Darya River valley. In the autumn, birds appear at the beginning of December. Available winter noted dated on January 22, 1978 in Dalverzin and on February 7, 1966 in Tashkent (Mitropolskiy et al., 1987). Now White-Tailed Eagles are registered near the Tuyabuguzskiy reservoir and Dalversin regularly every year. Two adult birds were noted in Tashmor on the 2 February 2005. White-Tailed Eagles were recorded during the all winter: on the Tuyabuguzskiy reservoir – 2, 1 and 1 birds on the 13 January, a bird –on the 26 February, in Dalversin – 2 and 1 birds on the 14–15 January and 2 birds – on the 26 February.

Short Reports Contact: Maxim Mitropolskiy State Inspection of the Republic of Uzbekistan tel.: (998 90) 319 15 91 max_raptors@ronl.ru Roman Kashkarov Institute of Zoology Uzbekistan National Academy of Sciences Niyazova str., 1 - 89 Tashkent Uzbekistan 700095 tel.: (998 71) 393 194 02 roman.kashkarov@iba.uz

Raptors Conservation 2007, 8 Îðëàí-áåëîõâîñò (Haliaeetus albicilla) Íåðåãóëÿðíî îòìå÷àëñÿ íà ïðîë¸òå è çèìîâêå â ðàéîíå Òàøêåíòà è ñðåäíåé Ñûðäàðüè. Ïðè÷¸ì îñåíüþ ïòèöû ïîÿâëÿþòñÿ â íà÷àëå äåêàáðÿ: 10 äåêàáðÿ 1913 ã. ó ïîñ. Ñîëäàòñêîå (êîëë. ÒàøÃÓ). Îòìåòèì, ÷òî ïðè ïðîâåäåíèè ó÷¸òîâ 3–4 íîÿáðÿ 2006 ã. áåëîõâîñòû íå íàáëþäàëèñü. Èìåþùèåñÿ çèìíèå âñòðå÷è äàòèðóþòñÿ 22 ÿíâàðÿ 1978 ã. â Äàëüâåðçèíå è 7 ôåâðàëÿ 1966 ã. â Òàøêåíòå (Ìèòðîïîëüñêèé è äð., 1987). Â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ, â ñâÿçè ñ îáùèì óâåëè÷åíèåì çèìóþùèõ ïòèö â Óçáåêèñòàíå, â ðàéîíå Òóÿáóãóçñêîãî âîäîõðàíèëèùà è Äàëüâåðçèíà áåëîõâîñòû ñòàëè îòìå÷àòüñÿ

ðåãóëÿðíî è åæåãîäíî. Òàê, 2 ôåâðàëÿ 2005 ã. íà Òàøìîðå îòìå÷åíî 2 âçðîñëûõ ïòèöû. Íà ìåñòàõ âñòðå÷ îáíàðóæåíû êîðìîâûå îñòàòêè, ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî èç êðÿêâ. Â 2006 ã. áåëîõâîñòû îòìå÷àëèñü íà ïðîòÿæåíèè âñåé çèìû: íà Òóÿáóãóçñêîì âîäîõðàíèëèùå 13 ÿíâàðÿ – 2, 1 è 1 ïòèöû; 26 ôåâðàëÿ – 1 ïòèöà. Â Äàëüâåðçèíå 14–15 ÿíâàðÿ – 2 è 1 ïòèöû; 26 ôåâðàëÿ – 2 ïòèöû. Â Äàëüâåðçèíå 26 ôåâðàëÿ íàéäåí ðàçáèâøèéñÿ î ïðîâîäà 3–4-õ ëåòíèé ñàìåö. Ïòèöà ðàçáèëàñü ïðè ïèêèðîâàíèè íà îçåðî ñ óòêàìè. Âñòðå÷è îðëàíîâ 26 ìàðòà (äâå îäèíî÷íûå ïòèöû) îòíîñÿòñÿ óæå ê âåñåííåìó ïðîë¸òó. Ëèòåðàòóðà Áîãäàíîâ À.Í. Ïòèöû áàññåéíà ðåêè Çåðàâøàí. – Òðóäû Èíñòèòóòà çîîëîãèè è ïàðàçèòîëîãèè ÀÍ ÓçÑÑÐ. Òàøêåíò, 1956. Âûï. 5. C. 107–163. Èâàíîâ À.È. Ïòèöû Ïàìèðî-Àëàÿ. Ëåíèíãðàä, 1969. 448 c. Ìèòðîïîëüñêèé Î.Â., Ôîòòåëåð Ý.Ð., Òðåòüÿêîâ Ã.Ï. Îòðÿä ñîêîëîîáðàçíûå (Falconiformes). – Ïòèöû Óçáåêèñòàíà. Òàøêåíò, 1987. Ò. 1. Ñ. 123–246.

Îðëàí-áåëîõâîñò (Haliaeetus albicilla), ðàçáèâøèéñÿ î ïðîâîäà (26.02.2006). Ôîòî Ì. Ìèòðîïîëüñêîãî A dead White-Tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) killed on wires of a power line (26/02/2006). Photo by M. Mitropolskiy

Registration of polygamy for the Saker Falcon, Kazakhstan РЕГИСТРАЦИЯ ПОЛИГАМИИ У БАЛОБАНА, КАЗАХСТАН Karyakin I.V. (Center for Field Studies, N.Novgorod, Russia) Kovalenko A.V. (Institute of ecological researches, Almaty, Kazakhstan) Novikova L.M. (State Nature Reserve «Kerzhensky», N.Novgorod, Russia) Каря ин И.В. (Центр полевых исследований, Н.Нов ород, Россия) Ковален о А.В. (Инстит т э оло ичес их исследований, Алматы, Казахстан) Нови ова Л.М. (Керженс ий заповедни , Н.Нов ород, Россия) Êîíòàêò: Èãîðü Êàðÿêèí 603000 Ðîññèÿ Íèæíèé Íîâãîðîä óë. Êîðîëåíêî, 17a-17 òåë.: +7 (8312) 33 38 47 ikar_research@mail.ru Contact: Igor Karyakin Korolenko str., 17a-17 Nizhniy Novgorod 603000 Russia tel.: +7 (8312) 33 38 47 ikar_research@mail.ru

Íà ñåâåðíîì ÷èíêå ïëàòî Óñòþðò 4 ìàÿ 2006 ã. áûë îáíàðóæåí ãíåçäîâîé ó÷àñòîê ñàìöà áàëîáàíà (Falco cherrug), íà êîòîðîì íà ñòåíêå óùåëüÿ â 20–30 ì äðóã îò äðóãà â ñòàðûõ ïîñòðîéêàõ êóðãàííèêà (Buteo rufinus) ðàñïîëàãàëèñü 2 æèëûõ ãíåçäà. Íà îáîèõ ãí¸çäàõ ñàìêè íàñèæèâàëè êëàäêè. Ñàìåö âî âðåìÿ íàáëþäåíèÿ íàõîäèëñÿ íà ïîñòîÿííîé ïðèñàäå, ðàñïîëîæåííîé íà âåðøèíå ñòåíû, íàä îäíèì èç ãí¸çä.

We found a breeding territory of a male of the Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug) in the northern cliff-faces of the Usturt Plateau on the 4 May 2006. The breeding territory was with 2 living nests, located on a cliff of a canyon. The distance between them was 20–30 m. Both nests were in old nests of the Long-Legged Buzzard (Buteo rufinus). Females were hatching clutches in both nests. The male was on a perch on the top of the nesting cliff.

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 8

Íîâûå ïóáëèêàöèè è ôèëüìû

New Publications and Videos НОВЫЕ ПУБЛИКАЦИИ И ФИЛЬМЫ Â àâãóñòå 2006 ã. èçäàòåëüñòâî óíèâåðñèòåòà Êîðíåëëà âûïóñòèëî â ñâåò êíèãó: Êåéñ Ë. Áèëäñòåéí. Ìèãðèðóþùèå ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè ìèðà: èõ ýêîëîãèÿ è îõðàíà. (Keith L. Bildstein. Migrating Raptors of the World: Their Ecology And Conservation. Cornell University Press. 344 p. ISBN: 080144179X). Àâòîð îïèñûâàåò èñòîðèþ, ýêîëîãèþ, ãåîãðàôèþ, èçó÷åíèå è îõðàíó ìåñòîîáòàíèé íà ïóòÿõ ïðîë¸òà îêîëî äâóõñîò âèäîâ ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ. Â êíèãå òàêæå ñóììèðóåòñÿ èçâåñòíàÿ íà äàííûé ìîìåíò èíôîðìàöèÿ ïî ìèãðàöèÿì ìíîãèõ âèäîâ õèùíûõ ïòèö, ïðèâîäÿòñÿ äåòàëüíûå îáçîðû ýêîëîãèè è îõðàíû ìíîãèõ íàèáîëåå èíòåðåñíûõ ìèãðèðóþùèõ âèäîâ, âêëþ÷àÿ òàêèõ êàê ñêîïà, áåëîãîëîâûé îðëàí, åâðîïåéñêèé îñîåä, ïîëåâîé ëóíü, êóðãàííèê è àìóðñêèé êîá÷èê. Êíèãà äîñòóïíà ïî öåíå 12,21 â èíòåðíåò-ìàãàçèíå Amazon8.

Keith L. Bildstein. Migrating Raptors of the World: Their Ecology And Conservation. Cornell University Press. 344 p. (ISBN: 080144179X) have published in English in the August 2006. Author provides an accessible account of the history, ecology, geography, science, and conservation aspects surrounding the migration of approximately two hundred species of raptors between their summer breeding sites and their wintering grounds. He summarizes current knowledge about how the birds’ bodies handle the demands of long-distance migration and how they know where to go. Migrating Raptors of the World also includes the ecological and conservation stories of several of the world’s most intriguing raptor migrants, including the Osprey, Bald Eagle, Western Honey Buzzard, Northern Harrier, Steppe Buzzard, and Amur Falcon. The Book is available in internet-shop Amazon8 ( 12.21).

Êíèãà Ðèøàäà Íàîðîäæè «Õèùíûå ïòèöû Èíäèéñêîãî ñóáêîíòèíåíòà» (Rishad Naoroji. Birds of Prey of the Indian Subcontinent. Christopher Helm Publishers Ltd, 2006. 480 p. ISBN: 0713663243), îïóáëèêîâàííàÿ íà àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå, âûøëà â ñâåò 1 ìàÿ 2006 ã. Ôîðìàò êíèãè 240x170ìì. Ýòî íàèáîëåå ïîëíûé ñïðàâî÷íèê ïî õèùíûì ïòèöàì Èíäèéñêîãî ñóáêîíòèíåíòà. Êíèãà áîãàòî ïðîèëëþñòðèðîâàíà 24 öâåòíûìè ðèñóíêàìè è 600 ôîòîãðàôèÿìè, íà êîòîðûõ êàæäûé âèä èçîáðàæ¸í âî âñåõ ôàçàõ îïåðåíèÿ ñèäÿùèì è â ïîë¸òå. Äëÿ êàæäîãî âèäà ïðèâîäÿòñÿ îñîáåííîñòè èäåíòèôèêàöèè, ïîâåäåíèÿ, ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ, ñòàòóñ è ÷èñëåííîñòü. Èíäèéñêèé ñóáêîíòèíåíò èìååò áîãàòóþ ôàóíó ïòèö. Äíåâíûå õèùíûå ïòèöû ïðåäñòàâëåíû 70 âèäàìè ÿñòðåáèíûõ è ñîêîëèíûõ. Îðíèòîëîãè è ëþáèòåëè, ðàáîòàþùèå íà òåððèòîðèè Èíäèéñêîãî ñóáêîíòèíåíòà, íàéäóò ýòó êíèãó íåîöåíèìûì ïîìîùíèêîì â èçó÷åíèè è èäåíòèôèêàöèè õèùíûõ ïòèö. Êíèãà äîñòóïíà â èíòåðíåò-ìàãàçèíå Amazon9 ïî öåíå 38.

Rishad Naoroji. Birds of Prey of the Indian Subcontinent. Christopher Helm Publishers Ltd, 2006. 480 p. (ISBN: 0713663243) has published in English in the 1 May 2005. For mat Hardback 240x170 mm. A complete guide to the raptors of the Indian subcontinent. Lavishly illustrated with 24 colour plates and around 600 photos, each species is shown in all usual plumage forms, in flight and at rest. The species accounts cover all aspects of field identification, and also include sections on distribution, behaviour, status and population. The Indian subcontinent comprises the countries of India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Pakistan and the Maldives. This region encompasses a great diversity of habitat types and a full range of altitudinal variation, and has a correspondingly large avifauna. The diurnal birds of prey are well represented – 70 species of hawk, buzzard, kite, harrier, eagle, vulture, falcon and falconet are found in the region. Anyone birding in the Indian subcontinent will find this book an invaluable aid to identifying and understanding the region’s diverse raptor avifauna.

http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/080144179X/ref=sib_dp_pt/002– 6528774–1343259#reader-link 9 http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/0713663243

The Book is available in internet-shop Amazon9 ( 38).

Books КНИГИ

New Publications and Videos

(13) Êîíòàêò: Ìèõàèë Êàëÿêèí Îëüãà Âîëöèò Çîîëîãè÷åñêèé ìóçåé ÌÃÓ èì. Ì.Â. Ëîìîíîñîâà 125009 Ðîññèÿ Ìîñêâà óë. Á. Íèêèòñêàÿ, 6 Voltzit@zmmu.msu.ru http://zmmu.msu.ru (13) Contact: Mikhail Kalyakin Olga Voltsit Zoological Museum Moscow Lomonosov State University Bol. Nikitskaya str., 6 125009 Moscow Russia Voltzit@zmmu.msu.ru http://zmmu.msu.ru

10 11

Raptors Conservation 2007, 8

Æóêîâ B.C. Ïòèöû ëåñîñòåïè Ñðåäíåé Ñèáèðè. Íîâîñèáèðñê: Íàóêà, 2006. – 492 ñ. Òàáë. 26. Èë. 7. Áèáëèîãð.: 218 íàçâ.10 Â ìîíîãðàôèè îáîáùåíû ìàòåðèàëû èññëåäîâàíèé ëåòíåãî íàñåëåíèÿ ïòèö ëåñîñòåïè Ñðåäíåé Ñèáèðè. Â ïîâèäîâîì îáçîðå ïðåäñòàâëåíû äàííûå ïî îáèëèþ è ðàñïðåäåëåíèþ 197 âèäîâ. Ïðîàíàëèçèðîâàíû ïðîñòðàíñòâåííî-âðåìåííàÿ íåîäíîðîäíîñòü ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ïòèö, äèíàìèêà èõ ñóììàðíîãî îáèëèÿ, âèäîâîãî áîãàòñòâà è ðàçíîîáðàçèÿ, áèîìàññû, òðàíñôîðìèðóåìîé ýíåðãèè è ÿðóñíîãî ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ. Äëÿ ãíåçäîâîãî è ïîñëåãíåçäîâîãî ïåðèîäîâ ïðîâåäåíà êëàññèôèêàöèÿ âèäîâ ïî ñõîäñòâó ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ. Âûÿâëåíû ïðîñòðàíñòâåííî-òèïîëîãè÷åñêàÿ ñòðóêòóðà è îðãàíèçàöèÿ íàñåëåíèÿ ïòèö. Ðàññìîòðåíû ðåãèîíàëüíûå ðàçëè÷èÿ îðíèòîôàóí À÷èíñêîé, Êàíñêîé è Êðàñíîÿðñêîé ëåñîñòåïè. Äàíà êàäàñòðîâàÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ÷èñëåííîñòè ïòèö. Êíèãà ðàññ÷èòàíà íà îðíèòîëîãîâ, çîîãåîãðàôîâ, ýêîëîãîâ, ðàáîòíèêîâ ëåñíîãî è îõîòíè÷üåãî õîçÿéñòâ, ïðèðîäîîõðàííûõ îðãàíèçàöèé, ñòóäåíòîâ-áèîëîãîâ è âñåõ ëþáèòåëåé ïðèðîäû.

Zhukov V.S. Birds of Middle Siberia forest-steppe. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 2006. – 492 p. Tabl. 26. 111. 7. Bibliogr.: 218 name.10 The monograph contains the analysis of the fauna and the summer population of birds of the forest-steppe in Middle Siberia. In the species review the data on an abundance and distribution of 197 species are submitted. The heterogeneity of spatial and temporal distribution of birds, dynamics of their total abundance, species diversity, biomass, transformed energy and layer distributions is analyzed. For breeding and post-breeding period the classification of species on similarity of distribution is carried out. The spatialtypological structure and the organization of bird populations are revealed. Regional differences of Achinsk, Kansk and Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe avifauna are considered. The cadastral characteristic of bird numbers is given. The book is meant for ornithologists, zoogeographers, ecologists, forestry workers, gamekeepers and the nature conservation organizations. The work may be of interest for biology students and for all nature lovers.

Êàëÿêèí Ì.Â., Âîëöèò Î.Â. Àòëàñ. Ïòèöû Ìîñêâû è Ïîäìîñêîâüÿ. 2006. Ñîôèÿ-Ìîñêâà: Pensoft, 372 c. 11 Â Àòëàñå ñîáðàíû êàðòû, íà êîòîðûõ ïîêàçàíû âñå ìåñòà âñòðå÷ 273 ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ, ïðîë¸òíûõ è çèìóþùèõ âèäîâ ïòèö, îòìå÷åííûõ â Ìîñêâå è Ìîñêîâñêîé îáëàñòè çà ïåðèîä ñ 1999 ã. ïî 2004 ã., ïðèâîäÿòñÿ êðàòêèå î÷åðêè ñ îïèñàíèåì èõ ñòàòóñà â ñòîëèöå è îáëàñòè, äàííûå î ñðîêàõ ïðåáûâàíèÿ íà äàííîé òåððèòîðèè, à òàêæå ïî÷òè 900 ôîòîãðàôèé âñåõ 273 âèäîâ, â òîì ÷èñëå 67 ôîòîãðàôèé 23 âèäîâ äíåâíûõ õèùíûõ ïòèö è 39 ôîòîãðàôèé 12 âèäîâ ñîâ. Àòëàñ ñóììèðóåò ðåçóëüòàòû íàáëþäåíèé 401 ó÷àñòíèêà äåéñòâóþùåé ñ 1999 ã. ïðîãðàììû «Ïòèöû Ìîñêâû è Ïîäìîñêîâüÿ», äàííûå íåñêîëüêèõ èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèõ è ïðèðîäîîõðàííûõ ïðîåêòîâ, à òàêæå ñâåäåíèÿ, îïóáëèêîâàííûå â ïå÷àòè (ïîñëå 1999 ã.). Àòëàñ èëëþñòðèðóåò ñîâðåìåííîå ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå ïòèö â Ìîñêâå è îáëàñòè è ìîæåò áûòü èñïîëüçîâàí â îáðàçîâàòåëüíûõ, ïðèðîäîîõðàííûõ è íàó÷íûõ öåëÿõ. Êîíòàêò (13).

Kalyakin M.V. Voltsit O.V. Atlas. Birds of Moscow and neighborhoods. 2006. Sofia-Moskow: Pensoft, 372 p. 11 Atlas is bilingual. Russian and English variants of essays are completely similar. Atlas contains maps demonstrating all points of records of 273 breeding, migrating and wintering bird species noted in Moscow and the Moscow district since 1999 to 2004. There are short essays pointing out the species status in the capital and the district, data on times that species is noted on the territory as well as nearly 900 pictures of all 273 species including 67 images of birds of prey and 39 images of 12 owl species. Atlas summarizes the results of surveys of 401 participants of the Program «Birds of Moscow and neighborhoods» that has started since 1999, data of several research and nature protection projects and published information (after 1999). Atlas demonstrates the modern distribution of birds in Moscow and the district and may be used for educational nature conservation and scientific aims. The book will be interesting for Russian and foreign ornithologists, bird-watchers, ecologists, conservationists and students. Contact (13).

http://rbcu.ru/information/new_books/2007112.htmlA http://rbcu.ru/information/new_books/20060815.html

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 8

(14) Contact: Åëåíà Êðàñíîâà Ñîþç îõðàíû ïòèö Ðîññèè 111123 Ðîññèÿ Ìîñêâà Øîññå Ýíòóçèàñòîâ, 60/1 òåë./ôàêñ: +7 (495) 672 22 63 iba@rbcu.ru (14) Contact: Elena Krasnova Russian Bird Conservation Union 111123 Russia Moscow Enthusiasts highway, 60/1 tel./fax: +7 (495) 672 22 63 iba@rbcu.ru

Êëþ÷åâûå îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêèå òåððèòîðèè Ðîññèè. Òîì 2. Êëþ÷åâûå îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêèå òåððèòîðèè ìåæäóíàðîäíîãî çíà÷åíèÿ â Çàïàäíîé Ñèáèðè/ Ïîä îáù. ðåä. Ñ.À. Áóêðååâà. Ì.: Ñîþç îõðàíû ïòèö Ðîññèè, 2006. 334 ñ. Ïðåäëàãàåìàÿ êíèãà – âòîðîé âûïóñê ñåðèè êàòàëîãîâ íàèáîëåå öåííûõ ïðèðîäíûõ òåððèòîðèé, âàæíûõ äëÿ ñîõðàíåíèÿ ïòèö – êëþ÷åâûõ îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêèõ òåððèòîðèé Ðîññèè (ÊÎÒÐ). Â êàòàëîãå ïðåäñòàâëåíû ðåçóëüòàòû èíâåíòàðèçàöèè ÊÎÒÐ ìåæäóíàðîäíîãî çíà÷åíèÿ â Çàïàäíîé Ñèáèðè, ïðèâåäåíû îïèñàíèÿ 131 âûäåëåííîé çäåñü ÊÎÒÐ è îáçîðû ñîñòîÿíèÿ îõðàíû ïòèö â 12 ñóáúåêòàõ Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè. Â ïðèëîæåíèÿõ ñîäåðæàòñÿ ñïèñêè àâèôàóí âñåõ çàïàäíîñèáèðñêèõ àäìèíèñòðàòèâíûõ ðåãèîíîâ è ñïèñêè âèäîâ ïòèö, çàíåñ¸ííûõ â ðåãèîíàëüíûå Êðàñíûå êíèãè. Ñâåäåíèÿ ñîáðàíû â 1998–2005 ãã. ó÷àñòíèêàìè ïðîãðàììû «Êëþ÷åâûå îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêèå òåððèòîðèè Ðîññèè». Êîíòàêò (14).

Important Bird Areas of Russia. Volume 2. Important Bird Areas territory of international significance in Western Siberia / Editor S.A. Bukreev. M.: Russian Bird Conservation Union, 2006. 334 p. This book is the second issue of the catalogue of the most significant nature areas important for bird conservation – Important Bird Areas (IBA) of Russia. The issue contains the results of IBA inventory having international significance in Western Siberia, descriptions of 131 IBAs established there and reviews of bird conservation conditions in 12 subjects of the Russian Federation. Appendixes contain avifauna lists of all Western Siberian administrative regions and districts and lists of species including in the regional Red Data Books. Data were collected by participants of the program «Important Bird Areas of Russia» in 1998–2005. Contact (14).

Â îêòÿáðå 2006 ã. âûøëà â ñâåò êíèãà Äæîíà Ìîéðà «Âîçâðàùåíèå êîíäîðà: ãîíêà ñîõðàíåíèÿ íàøåé ñàìîé áîëüøîé ïòèöû îò âûìèðàíèÿ». (John Moir. Return of the Condor: The Race to Save Our Largest Bird from Extinction. The Lyons Press. 256 p. ISBN: 1592289495). Àâòîð â óâëåêàòåëüíîé ôîðìå ðàññêàçûâàåò î áîðüáå çà ñïàñåíèå âèäà îò âûìèðàíèÿ. Â òå÷åíèå 80-õ ãã. ÷èñëåííîñòü êîíäîðà â Àìåðèêå ñîêðàòèëàñü äî 22 îñîáåé. Ýòî ñòàëî íà÷àëîì óäèâèòåëüíîé èñòîðèè î ñïàñåíèè êîíäîðà â äèêîé ïðèðîäå. «Âîçâðàùåíèå êîíäîðà…» – çàìå÷àòåëüíûé, ïîëíûé âäîõíîâåíèÿ âçãëÿä íà ðàáîòó ó÷¸íûõ, ðåàëèçîâûâàâøèõ ïðîåêò ïî ñîõðàíåíèþ êîíäîðà. Êíèãà äîñòóïíà ïî öåíå 24,95 â èíòåðíåò-ìàãàçèíå Amazon12.

John Moir. Return of the Condor: The Race to Save Our Largest Bird from Extinction. The Lyons Press. 256 p. ISBN: 1592289495 have published in English in the October 2006. This fascinating volume takes a unique insider’s look at the remarkable story of the fight to save a species from the brink of extinction. During the 1980»s the condor population in America was down to only twenty-two individuals. It was at this make or break moment in the condor’s remarkable history that a team of scientists pursued an unconventional and controversial means to save it. «Return of the Condor» is a stunning and inspiring look at the passion and courage of these scientists, and the controversy surrounding their exceptional plans to save one of the world’s most beautiful and majestic creatures. The Book is available in internet-shop Amazon12 ( 24.95).

Â àïðåëå 2007 ã. ïëàíèðóåòñÿ â ñâåò âûõîä êíèãè Ñîôè Îñáîðí «Êîíäîðû â ñòðàíå Êàíüîíà: âîçâðàùåíèå êàëèôîðíèéñêîãî êîíäîðà â Ãðàíä Êàíüîí». (Sophie A.H. Osborn. Condors in Canyon Country: The Return of the California Condor to the Grand Canyon Region. 160 p. ISBN: 0938216872).

Íîâûå ïóáëèêàöèè è ôèëüìû

http://www.amazon.com

Sophie A. H. Osborn. Condors in Canyon Country: The Return of the California Condor to the Grand Canyon Region. 160 p. (ISBN: 0938216872) will be published in English in the April 2007.

Contents

Raptors Conservation 2007, 8

Ñîäåðæàíèå

Contents

Îò ðåäàêöèè .......................................................... 3

Editorial ................................................................... 3

Ñîáûòèÿ ................................................................. 4

Events ...................................................................... 4

Êîíòðàáàíäà ñîêîëîâ ............................................ 10

Contraband of Falcons ............................................ 10

Îõðàíà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ .............................. 12

Raptors Conservation ........................................... 12

Ñîêîëèíûé áèçíåñ íà ðóáåæå âåêîâ: ìèôû è ôàêòû. Íèêîëåíêî Ý.Ã., Êàðÿêèí È.Â. ............. 12

Falcon trade on the border of ages: myths and facts. Nikolenko E.G., Karyakin I.V. ............................... 12

Ðåçóëüòàòû ïðîåêòà ïî èçó÷åíèþ íåëåãàëüíîãî ñîêîëèíîãî áèçíåñà â Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîì ðåãèîíå â 2000–2006 ãã., Íèêîëåíêî Ý.Ã. ........................ 22

The results of the project on illegal falcon trade research in the Altai-Sayan region in 2000–2006. Nikolenko E.G. .................................................... 22

Ñòàòóñ áàëîáàíà íà âîñòî÷íîé îêðàèíå Äæóíãàðèè, Êèòàé. Âó Éè-Êóí, Ìà Ìèíã, Êñó Ôåíã, Òÿí Ëåé, Ìåé Þ ................................. 42

Status of the Saker Falcon on the eastern fringe of the Junggar Basin, China. Wu Yi-Qun, Ma Ming, Liu Xu Feng, Tian Lei, Mei Yu .............. 42

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ .......................... 48

Raptors Research .................................................. 48

Áàëîáàí â áîðàõ ñåâåðî-âîñòî÷íîãî Êàçàõñòàíà. À. Ëåâèí, Ñ. Øìûãàë¸â, A. Äèêñîí, Ò. Êóíêà ............................................ 48

The Saker Falcon in pine forests of north-eastern Kazakhstan. A. Levin, S. Shmigalev, A. Dixon, T. Kunka .............................................................. 48

Êðóïíûå ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè Ìóãîäæàð, Êàçàõñòàí. Êàðÿêèí È.Â., Ïàæåíêîâ À.Ñ., Êîâàëåíêî À.Â., Êîðæåâ Ä.À., Íîâèêîâà Ë.Ì. ............................. 53

Large raptors in the Mugdzhary Mountains, Kazakhstan. Karyakin I.V., Pazhenkov A.S., Kovalenko A.V., Korzhev D.A., Novikova L.M. .... 53

Õèùíûå ïòèöû è ñîâû ó÷àñòêà «Àäîí-×åëîí» ÃÏÁÇ «Äàóðñêèé», Ðîññèÿ. Áàðàøêîâà À.Í. ........ 66

Birds of prey and Owls of the Adon-Chelon boundary of the Daursky Biosphere State Nature Reserve, Russia. Barashkova A.N. ............ 66

Î âñòðå÷àõ íåêîòîðûõ õèùíûõ ïòèö è ñîâ â Íîâîñèáèðñêîì Àêàäåìãîðîäêå è åãî îêðåñòíîñòÿõ, Ðîññèÿ. Æèìóë¸â È.Ô., Êîñòåðèí Î.Ý., Êîëåñíèêîâà Ò.Ä., Àíàíüêî Í.Ã., Æèìóë¸â Ô.È., Æèìóë¸â Å.È. ............................. 69

Records of some raptors in Akademgorodok of Novosibirsk and its vicinities, Russia. Zhimulev I. F., Kosterin O.E., Kolesnikova T.D., Ananko N.G., Zhimulev F.I., Zhimulev E.I. ........... 69

Êðàòêèå ñîîáùåíèÿ ............................................ 75

Short Reports ........................................................ 75

Çàë¸ò ñòåïíîãî îðëà íà òåððèòîðèþ Óëüÿíîâñêîé îáëàñòè, Ðîññèÿ. Áîðîäèí Î. Â. ......................... 75

Registration of the Steppe Eagle in Ulyanovsk region, Russia. Borodin O.V. ................................ 75

Áåðêóò â Óñòü-Îðäûíñêîì Áóðÿòñêîì àâòîíîìíîì îêðóãå, Ðîññèÿ. Ìàëååâ Â.Ã. ........... 76

The Golden Eagle in the Ust-Ordynskiy Autonomous Disrict, Russia. Maleev V.G. ............ 76

Çèìíèå âñòðå÷è áîëüøîãî ïîäîðëèêà è îðëàíà-áåëîõâîñòà íà þãå Òàøêåíòñêîé îáëàñòè, Óçáåêèñòàí. Ìèòðîïîëüñêèé Ì.Ã., Êàøêàðîâ Ð.Ä. ..................................................... 78

Winter observations of the Great Spotted Eagle and White-Tailed Eagle on the south of the Tashkent district, Uzbekistan. Mitropolskiy M.G., Kashkarov R.D. ...................... 78

Ðåãèñòðàöèÿ ïîëèãàìèè ó áàëîáàíà, Êàçàõñòàí. Êàðÿêèí È.Â., Êîâàëåíêî À.Â., Íîâèêîâà Ë.Ì. .................................................... 79

Registration of polygamy for the Saker Falcon, Kazakhstan. Karyakin I.V., Kovalenko A.V., Novikova L.M. .................................................... 79

Íîâûå ïóáëèêàöèè è ôèëüìû ........................... 80

New Publications and Videos .............................. 80

Äèçàéí: Ä. Ñåíîòðóñîâ, À. Êëåù¸â Âåðñòêà: À. Êëåù¸â Êîððåêòóðà: Å. Êëåù¸âà

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