Besides Australia and the west coast of the U.S., extreme heat waves have also affected the rosé wine production areas in southern Italy and Provence region in southern France. In Adelaide Hills, one of the major wine production areas in Australia, heat waves resulted in massive fires and destroyed more than 1/3 of the vineyards. Furthermore, wildfires also destroyed many California old vines sought after by seasoned connoisseurs in an instant, and the remaining vineyards in the neighboring regions were also tainted by smoke. Even without wildfires, extreme high temperature would lead to temporary suppression of grape maturation in an effort for the vine to survive. Excessive sunlight could also damage or dehydrate grapes, which may adversely affect the flavor of wine. In Argentine, many wine production region that used to rely on melting snow from Andes Mountains for irrigation, water shortage caused by continuous rising temperature has also ▲
大火之後，殘存在空氣中的煙霧會對附近的葡萄果實與葡萄藤造成所謂的煙霧污染 （smoke taint)（圖片來源：AP Photos by Eric Risberg)
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Secretary-General of International Organization of Vine and Wine (OIV),
永續的葡萄栽種農法，減少化肥與殺蟲劑的使用，可以讓土地對抗自然災害的 耐受力較高，也能增加碳排吸附量。(圖片來源：discovercaliforniawines.tw)
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resulted in the decline of production in recent years.
加州北部索諾瑪的一場野火，燒毀許多葡萄園
Pau Roca, has stated that harsh weather has become a frequent occurrence. Unfortunately, there is no vaccination available for climate changes. Wine industry is facing problems much more severe than the pandemic now.
（圖片來源：Josh Edelson＠L'Agence France-Presse）
No One Can Escape from Global Warming, nor Claim to be an Innocent Victim
"It's such a pity that Grape growers need to face all those frost and heat!" T sighed. Wine farmers are indeed victims of global warming. However, the tremendous amount of water usage during wine-making process and all those packaging and transportation process create greenhouse gas emissions far exceeding our imaginations. According to research by UC Davis Professor of Chemical Engineering Roger Boulton, the carbon emission concentration level of winemaking is more than five times higher than that of airplanes or cars.
By doing so, not only the soil in the vineyard get fertilized, the weeds
Intuitively, people would believe that the problem lies in the
get controlled from growing, the discontinuation of tractors and other
methods of cultivation and winemaking. Research shows that about 60
cultivation machinery has also reduced the use of diesel oil and thus
liters of carbon dioxide is released to produce one liter of grape juice
lower the greenhouse gas emission. Moreover, the use of livestock
during fermentation process. Great amount of water usage and the
also increases the vitality of the soil in the vineyard, reaching the goal
production of wastewaters during the winemaking process also result in
of carbon-reduction by absorbing and retaining more carbon from the
a lot of pressure on the environment. In addition, when organic farming
atmosphere. In Spain, Familia Torres went even further by capturing
methods are adopted, the amount of carbon absorption by the soil is
carbon dioxide released during fermentation process and transforming
eight times higher than that of traditional farming methods. As a result,
the gas into different applications such as a product needed by the paint
more and more growers begin to keep cattle and sheep in the vineyards.
industry.
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