Mendoza Herald #3

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Mendoza Herald

vol. 3 Dec 2015

English newspaper of the Burgos highschool Cardenal López de Mendoza

“ E duc at io n i s t h e p e ri o d d u ri n g w h i ch you are bei ng i nst ruct ed by somebody yo u d o n ´t k n o w, about somet hing yo u d o n ´ t w an t t o kn o w” G i l b er t K. Ch esterto n . En g l i sh w r i t e r a n d j o u r n a l i st . 1 8 7 4 - 1 9 3 6

Guy Fawkes

refugees

A group of European countries are against the these of welcoming unfortunate people, in spite of their situation, but we have the moral and legal obligation to help those who are trying to avoid a certain death. pag.5

'Remember, remember the fifth of November...´

On that day, we celebrate the foiling of the Gunpowder Plot in 1605, to kill the Protestant British King, James I of England by placing thirty-six barrels of gunpowder in the cellars of the Houses of Parliament in London. pag.8

christmas carrols dancing in a circle

interview with Eudald Carbonell, co-director of Atapuerca,s deposits

A t a p u e r c a

Oh, jingle bells, jingle bells Jingle all the way Oh, what fun it is to ride In a one horse open sleigh..

The paleontologist being interviewed by Jaime Carretero 3º

t h e

t r e a s u r e Germany. These are not like the science fiction films such as Jurassic Park -he says-; we have found materials that contained DNA in their interior. Probably, this has been the greatest contribution to human evolution in the last 40 years.

h u n t

sapiens etc.

When they discovered Miguelón in the 90,s, they didn’t have any record of the skull in the collection that they had found so they had to follow skull and face features and they discovered that the skull they found was of an Homo Antecessor.

pag.7

Atapuerca’s Fundation, and lot more things, helping to enrich our city, in a cultural way.

We had the appointment at the MEH, the human evolution museum in Burgos, in a music hall where you can see indie groups in L.S. Why do you think the action as Jero Romero, L.A. or Museum of Human Evolution Sidonie. Eudald comes just in time, was one of the ten most visited wearing a hat and mountain sport museums during its shoes. Suddenly a cloud inauguration? of cameras start to work frenetically because we E.C. It was a huge ´This is not jurasic park, this is real science: we have are photography students achievement that a city like sequenced mitochondrial DNA in the pit of the bones and today, journalists too.

Burgos,with around 200 from more than 500.000 years ago.The most important The interview starts: thousand inhabitants, could have between 300 and 400 contribution to human evolution in the last 40 years` L.P. Whose bones have thousand tourists that have been discovered most visited the Museum. recently? in Atapuerca last year we dug up Carbonell compared it with 6 million Neolithic remains in the viewpoint L.S. What was the main purpose people inMadrid. He said they have E.C. There have been lots of new (there is an article in Nature about for creating the Museum of achieved what they were looking to discoveries lately. But discovering this). We found materials and tools Human Evolution? do; that Spanish people, start the mitochondrial DNA of the from more than 1,300,000 years caring and being interested in the hominids from the pit of bones; the ago, but you do not discover the pit E.C.We wanted all the discoveries human evolution and how we are.

DNA which is passed from females of bones every year. that were found in Atapuerca, to to females (from mothers to have a place where we could L.F. And,what do you think about daughters).

A.G. How is a species identified explain and teach them to children the architecture of the museum? and what are the criteria you or adults… - Carbonell explained to For the first time in history we have follow to identify it? us during the interview. – We Yes it´s Ok, well, nice… (he gets managed to sequence human DNA thought about the idea a long time caught out by this question) I liked from more than 500,000 years ago, E.C.They identify it using reference ago, and finally it happened! – He all the projects. From my point of with the help of some colleagues collections, in which they have told us that they didn’t only, create view, the architecture doesn´t from the Max Planck Institute in collections of Neanderthals, Homo the Museum, they also formed the matter, it's what is inside that is

...continues on page 8

NGO S

people in need are people indeed Edison conversation NGOs and charities work for those who haven´t got a chance in life.

Here are but a few of the ones operating in Burgos, each one doing its bit to make a better world. Will you join in?

It´s not charity, it´s justice!

painted by andrés, ignacio y juan, 3ºeso students

pag.3

Edison-Westinghouse

Such as famous words, comes from an ancient pagan tradition , sung by the Winter solstice, the shortest day of the year,usually taking place around the 22ndDecember.

What if you could meet one of the most outstanding inventors ever?

What if you had the chance to understand his way of working?

What if he answered all your questions about the electrifying "War of currents"?

No more what ifs!!!!Here it is!!! An in-depth exclusive interview with Thomas Alva Edison just for us, just for the Mendoza's Herald!!!You can not miss it!!!

pag.6

looking for jack Wynne W e s t o n - D a v i e s

discovered that the last victim of Jack the Ripper was his great aunt. He decided to investigate, and discovered that the real murderer of his great aunt was her ex-husband. wants to compare her DNA with his to know if she is his real great aunt. pag.2

Run, forest, run This 31st December some of us, we are going to run San silvestre Cidiana and if you are thinking of joining us you can take some advices we´ll give you about how you can get ready.

The truth is that it is affordable for anyone and it may be the beginning to set some major goals.

pag.2

bullfighting

art or animal abuse?

One of the most well-known Spanish traditions, bullfights, has also become one of the most controversial issues, being in the thick of things nowadays. The point is: should we accept the concept of animal abuse or the concept of tradition? pag.6

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Let's go by parts, as Jack the Ripper used to say Jack

the Ripper was a famous serial killer with an unknown identity. He was never caught.

Jack only killed female victims, prostitutes who worked at night.

tried to find out what his real name was.

He sent more letters to play with the police and he wrote them with his victim´s blood.

In total, he killed seven prostitutes between August and November

suspects were accused because there were no enough evidences.

Nowadays, the number of suspects is close to 100. The CSI is trying to look for an answer for all the questions but they said that it´s too difficult to look for evidences that occurred a long time ago.

A trendy idea is that Jack wasn´t

Prince Albert First, he hung his victims and then, he disemboweled them.

In fact, his name wasn´t Jack, but the police called him like that, because he sent a letter to the police boss.

In the

letter he signed with his nick name: Jack the Ripper and he wrote that it would be useless if the police

NGOs

1888.

The Whitechapel police had some suspects: The Queen´s grandson , Prince Albert (who had a collection of women´s organs), John Druitt, a doctor (who disappeared after the last killing of Jack the Ripper), Joseph, the crazy butcher (who was arrested after the complaint of his wife who said that he was always with big knives and because he threatened her once), George Chapman, a Polish barber (who had a mental illness that made him kill women, and so he killed his three wives) and Aaron Kosminski a Jewish Polish who hated women. No one of that

Martina Sáez 2ºE

L A ST

N EW S! !

Wynne Weston-Davies discovered that the last victim of Jack the Ripper was his great aunt. He decided to investigate, and

people in need are people indeed

3ºeso

protection, and illness prevention.

BURGOS ACOGE One of the most important things is an NGO that helps people that UNICEF has done is to offer help to the governments of Syria without money. Established in 1993 by a group of Burgos in orden to improve the residents worried about inmigrants. Their income is from public money, from the gouverment or the EU. They have 37 volunteers, 49 colaborators 13 workers.

They have already helped 9416 people; in 2014 they helped 1743 people. They put up people in ashelter, they help people in legal coursel and e d u c a t i o n .

UNICEF

any of the police suspects because he was really intelligent for escaping from the police.

education for disadvantaged people in Latin American, Africa and Asia. Because of this, they look that this education is capable of changing people´s life. It´s very important that all actions generate equality and are responsable and transparent with all people who support them.

Actually they have than 160 proyects in Africa. After the erthquakes in Nepal about 1 million children are unable to go to school, and Entreculturas are

was created by

the United Nations Assembly on the 11th of December in 1946, to provide emergency food and healthcare to children in countries that were devasted by the Second World War. UNICE´s mission is to defend children´s rights and transform them into international rules of conduct. The organization guarantees an education,

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conditions of child refugees.

UNICEF has offices in more than 190 countries in the world.

In Spain there is one in each autonomous community.

ENTRECULTURAS This NGO was founded in 1955 as a popular educational proposal equality and today its exists in 14 countries with 1.2 million students. This NGO is also member of the international Federation of faith and happiness in South Africa and they promote Access to

doing everything possible to resume classes as son as possible.

And about 30 million children have been forced to leave their country becoming displaced and refugees. In this situation, theycan´t go to school or even play, andthey need our help,

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discovered that the realmurderer of his great aunt was her ex-husband.

The data has the needed solidity for the British Government to autorice the first exhumation of one of the victims of Jack the Ripper. He wants to compare her DNA with his to know if she is his real great aunt.

He says that the real murderer was Francis Spurzheim Craig, the man who married his great aunt, for her to hide that she was a whore. When the crimes were commited in 1888, Craig was journalist specialized in legal issues.

Weston-Davies thinks that Craig´s knowledge made him murder the four girls to hide his principal purpose: murder his wife, who humiliated him at working again as a whore, few months after they got married. Although the crimes were commited three years later, they were divorced.

One day in 2011 he got one document about their divorce and went on discovering the story of his great aunt, and her marriage, that finished in a bad way. Dr. Weston Davies says that the investigation wasn´t fast. << They passed some years up to I found the connection with Jack the Ripper. I ordered the date of his death and I found the forensic´s report.

Then I was stunned. Craig commited

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k

HEROES OF OLYMPUS Two sagas, five books each, of young fiction written by Rick Riordan, an American author, famous due to Percy Jackson. The actions takes place all over the USA. Percy Jackson, son of a Greek God, Poseidon, and his adventures with his friends in order to protect the Earth from Gaea, who plans to destroy it.

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suicide cutting his neck with a sharp blade as the victims of Jack the Ripper >>.

Craig was a journalist, and a rival newspaper discovered that he copied their articles word by word.

Jack the Ripper sent his letters to “Central News” instead of a national newspaper, that would be more logical. Craig sent them there to make certain that the letters appear in all the newspapers. There were some Americanisms, too, and Craig lived in USA when he was young.

Craig was a strange man with strange habits, and he thinks that Craig had a schizophrenic disorder of the personality.

There are some clues that say he looked for Mary Kelly for a long time, and hired some detectives.

He didn´t find her and got really angry.

Craig murdered Mary on her house. After cutting her neck, he disfigured on an horrible way her face, that was unrecognizable.Craig took his time to remove her heart.

Weston says that it was a symbolic character. She broke his heart, and so he broke hers.

Now, Weston-Davies is waiting for the exhumation.

Claudia González 2ºF

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into many other languages when they became best sellers. Thanks to this success, films of the first two books have already been made.

OPINION: It has everything you need to enjoy a youngadult fiction book: mystery, loving characters, curiosities about the past.

It won´t take you a long time to read them, because once you start, you will read them in one sitting. And then, you will miss laughing with Gwen´s thoughts and comments. Do not miss TITTLES: The first saga is called them!

Percy Jackson and the Olympus and the second one is called Heroes of the DIARY OF A WIMPY KID Olympus A series of books whose main OPINION. If you like mythology, these character, Greg Heffley, writes about are your books. It is wonderful to read his life at High School. He describes these stories because the author both the positive combines teen topics with ancient and negative history and myths. There are also two sides, but films based on the first and second everything in book. humorous, even hilarious, style.

RUBY RED, SAPHIRE BLUE AND The reader can EMERALD GREEN learn some good lessons A trilogy about Gwendolyn Shepherd, while reading a teenager who discovers that she his adventures, can travel to the past when she finds embarrassing herself in the 19th century. It seems moments and accidents that Greg that this characteristic is inherited lives during his school days. There through the females of the family. are also other characters such as Along the three books, Gwen and Rodrick or Rowley, shown in the Gideon will be involved in a lot of following books of the saga. Some of dangerous situations. The books were these books have been best-sellers. written in German by Kerstin Gier, although they have been translated

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Do you dare?

Hey guys, do you dare?? This 31st December some of us, we are going to run San silvestre Cidiana and if you are thinking of joining us you can take some advices we´ll give you about how you can get ready. The truth is that it is affordable for anyone and it may be the beginning to set some major goals.

Before doing anything you must know that ….the four most important physical components that are directly related to health: endurance, strength, flexibility, and speed.

But there are more important components that you should know such as body composition, agility, balance, coordination, power and reaction time.

All of them are so important to get you in shape and ready to RUN, so you should know what your physical fitness level is, and most important and specifically, about stamina, and strenght. Some of the best known tests are the cooper test, course navette, 1 k test…and jump test, respectively.

Training should be matched to the needs of each person depending on age, gender, fitness level and the sport for which the person is training, and to prepare our planning we must take into account some of the key principles: SPECIFICITY (means we should focus on training the parts of our body we will mostly use in the sport we want to improve), OVERLOAD, (you must work for a longer period of time than they are used to) PROGRESSION (exercise should be done slowly first, and then we should gradually increase the amount of exercise and keep overloading), REVERSIBILITY (means that athletes lose the beneficial effects of training when they stop working out.)

In planning a programme, we use the FITT principles: Frequency (how often to train); Intensity (how hard to train); Time (for how long to train); Type (which methods of training to use).

There are several training methods, such as: Circuit training involves performing a series of intense aerobic

p.e

exercises in a special order called a circuit. Continuous training concerns doing a series of lowintensity exercises for a short period of time without resting.

Cross training is about combining your main sport training with other disciplines.

Fartlek training involves varying speed. There is also interval training and weight training.

WHY HAVING A GOOD RUNNING TECHNIQUE IS SO IMPORTANT?

A proper technique will help you be more efficient and minimize the chance of injury, by reducing the stress on your bones and muscles. You need to be flexible so that muscles can work better.

In addition, your running technique is totally dependent on your posture. Cadence measures the number of strides you take per minute. Body sensing is essential: stop if you feel bad or drink if you feel thirsty; don’t continue as if nothing is happening. Whilst running it is important to have a good mental focus and to stay relaxed. Remember that if you enjoy something, you’ll do it better. Running is good to improve your health, to prevent disease, to lose weight and to cure depression.

Before going running, you have to know what type of clothes to wear: sport clothes and a good pair of trainers.

Last but not least, we would like to remind you of the need to keep a balanced and complete diet with vegetables, fruit, whole grains, meat, blue fish and dairy * products. The best drink is water but sometimes our body requires minerals which can be recovered with isotonic drinks.

Take care your body and your mind…

BENEFITS OF RUNNING We´ll tell you the truth, running is a great way to get into shape, but did you know that it can benefit almost every part of your body, as well as lift your mood? Running is incredibly effective at making you healthier in a

Calculate your percentaje about your heart rate or your times. large number of ways, such as: helping prevent high blood pressure, strengthening your lungs, increasing joint strength and stability, increasing bone density. And Running can provide a noticeable boost to your confidence and self-esteem.

Too many people have been turned off from running simply by trying to start off too fast. Their bodies rebel, and they wind up miserable, wondering why anyone would possibly want to run in the first place.

You should ease into your 5K training plan gradually. In fact, the beginners' program we outline here is a running program to transform you from couch potato to runner, getting you to begin running a 5K on a regular basis in just two months.

It's easy to get impatient, and you may feel tempted to skip ahead in the program, but hold yourself back. Don't try to do more, even if you feel you can. Don't feel pressured to continue faster than you're able to. Repeat

GUESS WHO´S COMING TO DINNER Watching movies is one of the

most popular free time activities among young people. Yet, most of us do not know great, old films, the ones that our grandparents and parents enjoyed and that are claimed to be brilliant. That´s why, we would like to start with a series of these old movies in order to make our mates know some of them.

Guess Who´s coming to dinner is a 1967 American comedy, directed by

Stanley Kramer and Spencer Tracy, starred Katharine Hepburn, Sidney Poitier and Katharine Houghton and Spencer Tracy as the main characters. It is critical with the racial discrimination at the age.

PLOT After a period of vacation in Hawaii, Joanna “Joey” Drayton returns to her parents´ home in San Francisco bringing her fiancé, the high-qualified Dr. John Prentice, to introduce him to her parents, an art gallery owner (Katharine Hepburn) and a publisher editor of The Guardian newspaper (Spencer Tracy).

Joey was been raised with a liberal education and intends to

We will give you here a brief and enlightening overview of a fitness programme to help you keep healthy and in good shape. So, remember St Silvestre Race might be a good starting point. We look forward to meeting you all there.

Ready! Steady! Go! MónicaBurgos, BrunoPérez, LeireGil, LuciaFiol, AdriánSaiz. 4º D

classic films

get married to Dr. Prentice, a black widower who works for the World health Organization. Joey also invites John´s parents to have dinner with her family in order to meet them too, and the couple flies from Los Angeles to San Francisco without knowing that Joey is white. Christina, Joey´s mother, also invites the liberal Monsignor Tyan, who is friend of her family. Along the day and night, the families consider the possible problems that the future young couple might have if they carry on with their idea of getting married- The film is full of fun situations and surprising reactions.

SOME INTERESTING ABOUT THE FILM

weeks if needed and move ahead only when you feel you're ready.

hout immediate payment? Because it is a film about forbidden love, it is a film about loving someone no matter what society thinks, or what the rules are. This is something both Katherine and Spencer knew a great deal about, as they both were living their forbidden love. What makes this film outstanding is, that by the end of the film, you realize that Kate and Spencer are not even acting,

BITS

This film was made while Spencer Tracy was dying. He had to put his entire salary in order for the film company to allow him to make it. The question is why did Hepburn and Tracy agree to do this film, wit-

they are relaying their feelings about each other through the film.

Besides, it is important to see the social side of the film. Joey does not

mind marrying a black person. Nowadays, it might not be a problem at all, but the film was made 48 years ago, which means that her decision was utterly revolutionary.

OUR OPINION From our point of view, this film is an excellent example of how great are the 60s and 70´s´ones when that industry was starting to grow up.

Even if the movies seems to be very old and without any special effects, you can see the original ideas that the present movies are inspired by, not to mention the actors´ brilliant performance and the enjoyable situations.

Consequently, we strongly recommend you to see it. And if you are a cinema lover, you cannot miss it. It is a must.

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Christmas priceless gifts Christmas is coming and we all like to give and receive presents.

This usually means spending money, packed shops and time.

Yet, students from 4 ESO D think that a present must be something special for someone special. In our gifts, we also give our time, our ability and a lot of love to our parents, siblings, family and friends! %%MANUAL PRESENT FOR CHRISTMAS: for the family at home Material: 16 envelopes, cards, clothespins and some small chocolates or sweets (one for each day of holidays). A red or green rope Procedure: Just write a nice message in each card (think of different family members) and put it into an envelope , together with a sweet or a small chocolate. Write the name of a person and the day in each envelope and hang them in the rope (from the 24th December to the 6th January).

Place it in the living room. Each day, the envelope with that day must be opened by the person addressed, early in the morning to have a wonderful start. %%TABLE SPOON PINE: for a beloved aunt or a cousin Material: a long cardboard, lots of plastic spoons, spray (gold or silver) strong glue and small Christmas decorations.

Procedure: Fold the cardboard cone-shaped and stick the ends.

While drying, cut the ends of the spoons, leaving the oval part.

Paint them with the spray and let them dry. Stick the spoons to the cone-shaped cardboard from row to row, starting from the bottom.

You must wait for a few minutes before starting a new row because

the spoons must be well set on the cardboard. Place a roll of kitchen paper inside the cone to avoid movements. Now, decorate it! && A PENCIL ORGANIZER: for little cousins or siblings!

Materials: some rolls of toilet or kitchen paper, a cardboard (or a box of cornflakes), glue and a letter (the person´s first letter, for instance), and spray.

Procedure: cut the cardboard to make the base. Paint it and paint

the rolls too. Then, stick the rolls (different sizes) on the painted base. Stick the letter onto one of the rolls. Then, you can fill them with nice pencils. && PHOTOS: for friends Materials: wire wands (in hardware stores), a wooden base with a 20 cm stick glued perpendicularly on it (craft shops), adhesive tape, brown paper and funny photos.

Procedure: Attach the wires to the stick, covering all with the adhesive tape and then cover the base. Now, give the wire wands the form of branches. Then, hand the photos in the branches at random. You can hold them with small pegs. If you want to give the “tree” a Christmas touch, put some small stars or some glitter. & DECORATED BOXES: for everybody Materials: old cardboard or wooden boxes. Different thing to decorate them (depending on the person), coloured papers.

Procedure: First, cover the box with the coloured paper. Then, decorate it with different things such as stickers, old photos, buttons, and so on. Write the name of the person on the top, for instance Mario´s things (use a nice handwriting). You can add some cookies or sweets if you want. && TOUCHING LITTLE THINGS:

for everybody % A LETTER. Yes, a letter!

Maybe, your grandfather, your dad, your granny would be delighted to get a letter from you, telling her or him how much you love them, remembering great moments you have shared, things you would like to do together. Add a nice envelope and perhaps a picture of you both! No doubt they will be touched! && REINDEER NOSES JARS: perfect for grannies and

grandfathers!

Materials: whoppers and some red gumballs for Rudolph´s nose.

Brown pipe cleaners, tags, hot glue gun, jars, ribbon, googly eyes, red bright pompoms and some chocolates and sweets.

Procedure: Write a Merry Christmas message with the person´s name in the tags (you can write different messages, depending on the person). Cut the

Could you survive school in Britain?

Here are the top five

differences between Spanish and British schools: Whilst there are similarities between British and Spanish schools, for example, the subjects students study are the same such as maths, language, history, and science, and the school day is a similar length of time, normally with six or seven classes there are some major differences between the two schooling systems.

Perhaps the most obvious difference is that in Britain, almost every school wears a uniform.

This usually consists of a white shirt, a tie, a jumper or blazer, black or grey trousers or a skirt for girls, with black shoes. If students arrive at school wearing the incorrect uniform, it is normal for the head teacher to phone their parents and to send the student home to change into the correct uniform. There is even a P.E. uniform called a P.E. 'kit', normally a white polo-shirt, with a black or navy jumper in the winter, black or blue jogging bottoms, and black or blue trainers.

Also in P.E. in British schools, girls are made to tie their hair up into a pony-tail and jewellery is not permitted.

It is also very rare for girls and Mendoza Herald 4

boys to practise P.E. together in Britain. Normally the girls will do sports such as rounders, netball, hockey, or gymnastics whilst the boys play football, rugby, bas-

formal. To find out a teacher's first name in Britain is very exciting for students as usually they are kept secret in order for teachers to maintain privacy.

ketball, and cricket. However, normal classes such as history and maths are mixed gender unless the school is a private or grammar school, in which case in all classes boys and girls are taught separately.

Another striking difference is how Spanish students refer to their teachers by their first names; 'David' or 'Olga', for example. This would never happen in Britain! Every teacher is called by their last names such as Mr. Jones or Mrs. Smith or they are referred to as 'Miss' or 'Sir', all of which is much more

In Spain there is no lunch break at school and students return home to eat with their families, whilst in Britain at 12pm lunch is

served to students. School dinners have a reputation in the United Kingdom for being disgusting since it is difficult to feed so many people without it costing a lot of money and so the produce used is normally low quality. Instead many students opt to take a packed lunch they make at home to school. However, in the last ten years there has been a great focus on healthy eating in schools thanks to British chef Jaime Oliver, who conducted an investigation into school dinners and discovered that children were being fed very unhealthy food for lunch, that was high in sugar, salt, and fat. Since then, there has been a school dinner revolution and you can find salad bars and fruit bowls in most schools now.

Something which seems to be becoming more and more com-

4ºeso

pipe cleaners and make the antlers (if you do not find them, just make a nice Noël hat). Stich a ribbon around the screw top. Tape off the jars and paint a small part brown, so you´d be able to see the noses. Stick the googly eyes and nose and there you have the face!.

Finally, introduce the sweets and you will just have finished!

A DIARY or A POSTER full of comments, pictures, drawings, situations you have lived together … Just leave your imagination fly! && BAKING. If you like baking, a chocolate cake or cookies (with Christmas decorations) will be the dream of your relatives. You can also put it into a decorated box.

Two presents in one! && SIX WISHES: you can write six things you are willing to do for the person who is getting your “present” during Christmas. Use nice cards and envelopes. Then, wrap them up with a nice ribbon.

Be sure, your grandparents or parents will be delighted to receive such a great and loving present. && A PLANT: quite a lot of people are fond of plants, so why not getting a cutting from one of the plants at home and plant it on a pot. Look after it until the day to be given comes. Wrap it with a nice paper and some Christmas decorations. It will not be only a plant, but your love is also growing with it!

by Frances Cadd assistant teacher

mon in Spain is the introduction of bilingual programs in schools where many classes are taught in the target modern foreign language. Only a handful of these schools exist in Britain and they tend to be schools specifically for learning languages but in Spain they can be found in many public schools. Bilingual programs are a very good idea since students develop a much broader range of vocabulary and structures much quicker when the majority of their classes are given in the target language and this is something that the UK should definitely consider introducing.

Some British and Spanish schooling structures certainly have their benefits! But under which system would you prefer to learn?

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It is the fifth year of Syria War and there are still people that don’t know how it started and why now the news always talks about Syrian refugees.

The war has its origins in political corruption, poverty, lack of respect to Human Rights and inequality.

But now, in Syria and Iraq, a radical Islamic group (DAESH) has taken advantage of the weakness of established power to take a greater control of these areas. They are spreading terror, killing anyone who does not surrender to their authority.

This is the main reason why the people from these countries are escaping from a war in which they find no way out.

The extreme violence on several fronts has left more than 250.000 deaths and around 12 millions of displaced people, more than the half of the total

#WeAllAreSyria

Turkey, Jordan and Lebanon.

These countries soon exceeded their possibilities to receive more refugees.

As a consequence, Europe is living a crisis because of the increasing number of Syrian refugees that each day flee from their country and seek asylum in richer European countries.

Sadly, it’s quite common watching in the news that a dinghy with 30 people or more sank near the coast of a Greek island. Now, refugees arrive in Europe sailing across the Mediterranean Sea in precarious conditions or they

risky in summer, and that is why this summer 2015 so many of them tried to get to Europe.

A group of European countries are for the welcoming of these unfortunate people but some others are against, in spite of their situation. On the one hand, Germany is the European country that has received more asylum applications, and also the country that, along with Austria, has defended the necessity to welcome the refugees.

On the other hand, there are countries like Hungary and Poland that are refusing the Syrian refugees that intend to pass through their borders.

Some people spread the idea that terrorists were coming to Europe among the refugees.

Racist groups also complain that these refugees, as well as other foreigners, come to invade us and to steal our jobs.

trying to reach Europe?

A decisive military intervention could be an option to end the civil war. This would cost huge amounts of money and the lives of thousands of soldiers. But, do we really have any clue on how to control or end a civil war like this one?

Finally, the easiest way of helping the refugees is to welcome and protect them, at least for a certain period of time.

Probably we should follow the German example at the beginning of this crisis and welcome the refugees, providing them enough to cover their basic needs. At the same time, Europe should assume the responsibility of working out measures to stop the war and helping their home countries to solve their political and economic problems.

refugees DAESH shows itself as a dangerous enemy; capable of using the fear as a weapon to achieve their objectives and willing to use Islam as an excuse that justifies unjustifiable atrocities. We must take into account that attacks like the ones that happened in Paris are taking place almost every day in Syria. As many people wrote these days on the social network Twitter, #WeAllAreParis.

But now #WeAllAreSyria too, we share their same fears and worries.

Now that we can see the menace closer to us, Europeans should reflect about something: what responsibility do we all have in the wars that plague the Middle East? Maybe, the solution to this answer is the key to know how to end with this kind of terrorism.

The reality is that, in general, Europe shows itself increasingly more unsupportive to welcome refugees, toughening the restrictions to grant asylum.

But we have the moral and legal obligation to help those who are trying to avoid a certain death.

It appears difficult to say what the solution to this issue is, but there are some ways of facing it:

population of the country.

From the beginning of the war, thousands of Syrian citizens fled across the borders to neighbouring countries such as

force their way through the frontiers. Many people are dying due to the small size of the boats and the large number of people on them. The trip is less

Since the beginning of the Syrian conflict the E.U. did nothing at all about it, and let Turkey, Jordan and Lebanon be the ones that receive refugees.

Will we leave them dying on forgotten beaches while they are

The recent Paris terror attacks have reminded Europe the harshness of the Syrian war, rekindling the controversy about how should we act.

Bilingual students. 4º ESO D

Sweet Syrian child o’ mine Aylan Kurdi, the three year-

old child who was found drowned on a beach in Turkey last September, lived in Kobane, a city in the North of Syria which this year was the scene of clashes between the self-

proclaimed Islamic State and Kurdish fighters.

The photograph of his corpse at the edge of the beach travelled the world in just a few hours.

Kurdi family was composed by the father, the mother and two children. They boarded a small

boat bound for the Greek island of Kos on Wednesday 2 September, along with 22 people from the Turkish peninsula of Bodrum. However, shortly after setting sail, the boat sank.

This is only one of the many cases of Syrian children who were trying to flee a hell and fall in a bigger one.

Reports from UNHCR over Syrian refugees in Jordan and Lebanon alert of the alarming number of Syrian refugee children who are growing up in fractured families, without education and becoming the main source of income for their families. The Syrian conflict will left deep scars on defenceless children.

But, are these families more fortunate than those that remain

in their country in the middle of a merciless war? Those ones live in a permanent hell in which they have to see how their homes are destroyed and how their relatives die because of a bomb thrown over their houses.

If we ask any Syrian child to make a drawing at school, they will probably draw a world in flames, helicopters launching bombs and themselves crying or surrounded by dead friends and relatives. This is the sad reality that they are facing.

Are not these Syrian children protected by any right? The United Nations signed on 1989 the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the most accepted set of children’s rights in the world.

Among these rights it is recognized the inherent right to life, as so as the duty of ensuring the survival and

development of the children.

This should mean not being killed in a war and growing in optimal conditions.

The right of the child to education is also recognized.

And this is essential to grant their social, economic and cultural development. They should also have the right to have a balanced diet ant not die of hunger, and the right to access health services.

All the Syrian children that are suffering the consequences of the war in any way are deprived of these rights, among others. It is so unfair the life that many children are faced with just because they were born in an undeveloped country or in a country at war. WE HAVE TO STOP THIS! Irene Sáez Rodríguez. 2º ESO E Mendoza Herald 5

herald3.qxp_Maquetación 1 02/12/15 21:22 Página 6

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art or animal abuse? the bullfighter is the one who wins.

Experts on the subject claim that there is a deep, ancient symbolism and rituals in the performance between the bull and the bullfighter. Art, in other words.

One of the most well-known Spanish traditions, bullfights, has also become one of the most controversial issues, being in the thick of things nowadays.

The point is: should we accept the concept of animal abuse or the concept Bullfights are also of tradition? Let see both sides and then known all over the you can decide. world, and loads of tourists come to see THE TRADITION la Fiesta. This is important because Bullfights have got a deep mark in our is an important part culture. It is not only because of the fact of our tourist that there have been bullfights for a long business, which time, but it is also a sort of symbol that is means money and at risk of being erased by some groups employment. And talking about this, we of people that are critics, even enemies, must not forget the large amount of of this part of our culture. people who earn their living in several occupations related to bullfights.

From our point of view, there is nothing strange with killing an animal. Every Consequently, we really believe that single civilization has made sacrifices as bullfights play an important role in our part of cultural events. What´s more, culture and they must be kept and there are thousands of animals killed defended. every day for different purposes, and not always honest reasons. Yet, bullfights THE ABUSE Bullfights are said to allow the animal to fight, and not always be an ancient Spanish tradition and many people think that this reason is strong enough to maintain such an awful activity. However, many people have been fighting against them and trying to put an end to them since there are unquestionable reasons.

Mendoza Herald 6

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Remember, Remember, the Fifth of November comes from last page

Animal cruelty is completely forbidden.

And bullfights are cruel and a torture for the animals, because we must also take into account that horses are also used. It

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is also said that it is a fair fight between the bull and the bullfighter, something that can be easily denied since the bull is completely defenseless. Not to mention the pain and stress the poor animals suffer. This has a clear name: violation of the animal rights Finally, we would like to mention something which is hardly ever mentioned: the risk of lives. If we are obligated to wear seatbelt, helmets, keep instructions when driving or walking on the streets, why bullfighters are allowed to risk their lives?. And if they are badly hurt, why spending so much money on people who seem not to care about their lives?

From our point of view, there are strong reasons to stop this “tradition” of blood and absurdity.If so, we will be more civilized, no doubt.

4ºeso

Going back to the british tradition, local city councils spend a lot of money on firework displays, some of which can last up to half an hour and it was estimated that this year Britain spent £350 million on fireworks to mark this occasion. We celebrate Bonfire Night with fireworks because they contain the explosive, gunpowder, the same substance Guy Fawkes tried to use to blow up the Houses of Parliament. There used to be an old tradition where children would knock door to door asking for a 'Penny for the Guy' so that they could buy fireworks, however, now the legal age in Britain for buying fireworks is eighteen.

In some cities there are processions through the city centre with people carrying torches and carrying their Guys.

Guys, named after Guy Fawkes, are dolls or puppets that are made out of old clothes stuffed with newspaper on Bonfire Night that are thrown

onto the bonfire. In one town in Kent called Edenbridge, the Guy is normally a massive effigy of a celebrity; this year they decided to burn FIFA President, Joseph Blatter. Still to this day, every year on 5 November the Queen's Guard go down into the cellars of the Houses of Parliament to scout for barrels of gunpowder. We celebrate Bonfire Night because if the plot had not been discovered, Britain would have

a completely different history and different culture today since Catholicism would be predominant, instead of Anglicism and the Church of England. Without a doubt, the tradition will continue for many years to come!

'Remember, remember the fifth of November Gunpowder treason and plot, We see no reason why gunpowder treason, Should ever be forgot.'

herald3.qxp_Maquetación 1 02/12/15 21:22 Página 7

1st eso students

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chrystmas carols A Carol is a brief popular song chorus. It is a musical composition (with it’s associated poetic form) which was born in the form of secular song, which won much popularity when people stared to associate it with Christmas. Gradually, the carols began to be sung in temples and churches.

The Word carol comes from the ancient greek ‘choros’, which means “dancing in a

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7. The Three Wise Men ride these animals.

W e a t h e r forecast in england and spain

Winter will be very cold and cloudy in all the peninsula. In the north west it will be rainy and stormy in the west of Galicia. In the north east it will be snowy but in Cataluña it will be rainy. In Castilla y León it will rain and in Burgos there will be a storm but in the afternoon it will be sunny. In Madrid it will be snow all day. In the east it will be cloudy and it wan´t rain. In the south it will rain but in Cádiz it wan´t . That´s all for now.Merry Christmas!

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In the north of the UK it will be cloudy and it will rain.

In the east it will rain but it will be sunny in the afternoon.

In the center of the UK it will snow and rain with storms.

In the west it will rain and it will be sunny.

In the south it will rain too.

Lots of rain.

So, don´t forget your brolly!!!

j o k e s

Doctor, doctor, my hair is falling out. Can you give me something to keep it?

Yes, of course. Here´s a shoe box.

The doctor phones his patient.

I´ve got good news and bad news Well then… tell me the good news first OK. The results of the analysis indicate that you have only 24 hours left to live.

Well, that´s the good news? Then, what´s the bad news?

That I´ve been trying to reach you since yesterday.

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What kind of room has no doors or windows?

A mushroom

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I have keys but no locks. I have space but no room. You can enter but can´t go outside. What am I? A keyboard

I can fly but I haven´t got wings. What am I? Time

There are competitions and where Christmas songs are played such as in Trafalgar Square in London.

Christmas carols are sung

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circle”, and from the Old French Word ‘carole’, meaning “a song to accompany dancing”.

Carols were first sung but these were not Christmas Carols.

They were pagan songs, sung at the Winter solstice celebrations.

(The Winter Solstice is the shortest day of the year, usually taking place around the 22ndDecember. The Word carol actually means a dance or a song of praise and joy. Carols used to be written and sung during all four seasons, but only the tradition of singing them at Christmas has really survived.

The first carols emerged in the fifteenth century from the modification of older folk song. The structure of a carol usually consists of the verses and chorus.

The earliest carol, was written in 1410. Sadly only a very small fragment of it still exists. The carol was about Mary and Jesus meeting different people in Bethlehem.

In the sixteenth century, the church decided to promote music in the vernacular at Mass.

Christmas carols in the UK: the origin of many English

MENDOZA HERALD staff

1 Something that you buy to give to someone on special occasions.

2 crown made of flowers typical from Xtmas.

3. A very small person that helps Father Christmas make and give presents to children 4. A vehicle that is used to slide on the snow.

Christmas songs (called “Christmas carols”) come from the medieval times. At that time, groups of singers, called “waits”, traveled from village to village singing old songs and carry the message of goodwill, for an invitation to dinner.

around the Christmas tree and, in most churches, there is a special service to sing carols by candlelight.

Some popular carols are: Adeste fideles, Oh happy day, Jingle bells.

We wish you a merry Christmas, Rudolph the red nosed reindeer, Away in a manger.

Chiristmas carols in Spain: many Spanish Christmas carols are medieval times.

They became originally song with a chorus and sung in

several voices and the inhabitants of the villas sang them.

Some of the most popular spanish christmas carols are “Noche de paz”, ”Dime niño de quien eres” & ”Navidad dulce Navidad”.

Iranzu, Lucia Arnaiz, Violeta Sáez, Sara Mahamud, Alberto García; Mario De La Arena, Fernando Martínez, Félix De Miguel, Ana Rivas, Clara Rubio, Jorge Ortiz, Jesús Sáez, Alberto Saiz & Javier García. 2ºESO.

direction,edition & layout Ismael Ali de Unzaga coordinators of sections Olga Renedo English Raquel Lage Technology Olga Lázaro English Conchita Sangrador Music David González Citizenship Marta Cid English Carmen Casado English Frances Cadd Assistant Ismael Ali Photography & Art Journalists bilingual students 1º,2º,3º,4ªeso.

Mendoza Herald 7

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atapuerca

E. C. I like to have a prospect for humankind, but it is not a linear evolution. That means you can’t predict how the evolution will be. If you ran 100 m., you know there are 5 more after, and so on. But in Science some unknown factors appear, called emergencies, and those factors make it impossible to know what will happen in the future.

However, that doesn’t mean that we cannot have a prospect of our species. I have myself directed a project in Cataluña in order to do this work.We cannot only prospect an oil well, we can also prospect the future situation of our own species.

The result of this study tells us that if we are doing things right we will survive, if we do something wrong our species will disappear.

Mendoza Herald 8

E.C. From my point of view all of these discoveries have been very important, but the one over whichI got the most excited was the ¨Homo antecessor¨ , it was discovered in the 90sand it is the one which I prefer because it was an unknown species which we published as a new species.

nally the Homo sapiens. But they would like to find new Neanderthals because then they would have all the species that have evolved in Europe. This answered the next I have been very lucky because I question which was if he thinks it is have discovered different types of possible to find new species. He species: Neanderthalensis, said that he is convinced that it’s

´with homo antecessor we won the lottery` ( and I never buy ) E.Carbonell Homosapiens, Heidelbergensis, possible but as he said “in science Antecessor, and Homo erectus. conviction doesn’t matter, what is Nowadays I’m working in Africa; my important is the consistency and renext goal is to look for dundancy”. some older species: Homo habilis, homo J.T. what media and ergaster and australosocial repercuspithecus. sions provoked the discoveries of faM.B.Burgos isa city mous remains such really interested in as “Miguelón” and human evolution; the pelvis ”Elvis”? when you travel, do you notice that other E.C. In fact there have cities (or even other been very important countries) are as indiscoveries such as terested as Burgos? the one you have

mentioned: E.C. As you have said, “Miguelón” and the Burgos is into human skull number 4 for evolution, but when young homo antecessor example. Nowadays we came here 40 MEH, Burgos there are 17 skulls years ago,it was not a completely rebuilt and hobby by any means.

38 species discovered. When it was We realized it was important to es- found, it was the most complete tablish a conversation with the Bur- skull in the international collection gos’s population and to educate of MiddlePleistocene hominids. In them about the science of evolu- my opinion it was a very important tion. event. We organized a press Nowadays there are journalists conference to which, came that are really qualified and well in- journalists from all over the world. formed about this topic; however, We were surprised that a huge many years ago you could find quantity of agencies and media huge barbarities in newspapers or came here to Atapuerca,only to magazines. listen to us and to see the skull. The We can also say that Burgos is repercussion was huge. You are more concerned than other cities young but I do not think that there about these topics,and this could be has been anything since like that because Atapuerca is the ar- presentation of those fossils, which chaeological site with the most was published in the most important scientific publications in the science magazine,called Nature. world(books, conferences, films, documentaries,etc) The most important point is conti- C.P. People think that the nuing working on it, because our species before the homo sapiens commitment as researchers is to were not as smart as the current improve the knowledge and minds human being, what is your of the population. opinion?

E.C.They also were intelligent, we L.G.What types of Homo have are not the only ones. There are a been found in Atapuerca? lot of intelligent and complex animals like mammals or even birds. The difference is that our E.C.The oldest type that has been intelligence is formed by our found in Atapuerca is Homo erectus culture, I mean, culture makes the from 1,300,000 years ago, then the- current human more intelligent than Homo antecessor from 900,000 the rest of the other species and years ago, the Homo heidelbergen- this explains why our appellative sis from 450,000 years ago and fi- and social intelligence is more

developed than the Neanderthals or our other ancestors.In conclusion, every species was intelligent, some more than others, but this is evolution.

A.R. You have travelled a lot but which areas have drawn your attention the most?

E.C. You're right, I have traveled a lot but I am torn. If you ask me in which continent I felt more human, where I felt more like who I am, it is the African continent. In fact, I will leave again in January and I am going to spend one month in Eritrea, where the ancient inhabitants of the planet lived.

arrested, imprisoned, tortured, and killed with his head placed upon a spike for all of London to see to warn people against plotting against the King. James I then ordered that the discovery of the plot be celebrated with a huge bonfire and every year since, bonfires are built on 5 November.

Some people make bonfires in their back gardens but usually they go to watch a

I.B. Could you tell us about the next remains expected to be found in this deposit?

I have always said, Atapuerca is a kind of nest with lots of surprises. In 2018 we´ll celebrate the 40th anniversary since we started working here. When we arrived

bonfire and firework display at their local park. Until 1959 it was written in law that everyone must celebrate Bonfire Night.

today Guy Fawkes: the scourge of power

young homo sapiens mechanical stairs,MEH, Burgos here the oldest remains were in the chasm of the bones which was300.000 years old, then we found hominids from 500.000 years ago, some from 900.000 years ago , and another from1.300.000 years ago, and finally we are likely to find the remains of human presence or natural activity in these caves that are supposed to be 1.800.000 years old.

As I have said before it would be a pleasure to find Neanderthals. If we are able to find them we will have a collection of all the species that have lived in Atapuerca.

Our main objective is create a reconstruction through the reverse engineering of human evolution of the whole planet, working from just here in Burgos.

But if a group has made a name with the face of British conspirator was the collective hacker Anonymous.To celebrate this date, the activists computer network used to perform actions which denounce and attack virtually any entity they believe undermines justice.The main purpose of Anonymous is to defend freedom of expression where it is attacked, no matter which country or part of that institution, as in the case of Wikileaks and its creator Julian Assange, the Tunisia operation,or others as to support the revolts of the socalled Arab Spring , 15 -M protests, etc.

This year the group unveiled the identity and contact information of thousand members of the Ku Klux Clan assumptions.

Anonymous declared war on Islamic State after Paris attacks: 'We will hunt you down'. Expect massive cyber attacks. War is declared. Get prepared.

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art teacher

B. P.¿Is it possible to predict how humans will evolve in the future considering the way they have evolved until now?

4º eso students acting like the Human evolution

On 5 November in Great Britain there is a national celebration called bonfire night in order to celebrate the foiling of the Gunpowder Plot in 1605. This plot was led

by Catholics and aimed to kill the Protestant British King, James I of England by placing thirty-six barrels of gunpowder in the cellars of the Houses of Parliament in London. The leader of this plot was Guy Fawkes but fortunately he was caught before the plot could be put into action.

He was

by Ismael Ali

L.M. How do you feel when you find an object that could change the course of history? v E.C. The experience is unique; I always talk about it, so people can know about it, it's like winning the l o t t e r y.

Now that Christmas comes I do not play the lottery, but for those who do; it is like when it's up to a friend or any family member and there is a sense ´Miguelón` of not plahomo heidelbergensis ying with MEH, Burgos his feet on the ground and euphoria. Scientists also have to, apart from thrill, control the discovery and be able to advance the requirements.

But it is true that when you're looking for a hominid like us, it's like looking for treasure. I would say it's a unique feeling; and I'm lucky to have been here for this because we have found a lot of fossils (over 7000), so I have had this experience many times. And I remember, when we found the 1.3 billion year old elephant jaw in Atapuerca in the trench and the railroad. We were very excited.

There were diggers who were not much older than you and I said: "Always remember this because I don’t think you will feel like this ever again”. This is what it feels like.

M.I. Which of the discoveries has excited you the most?

assistant teacher

important (he doesn't want to comment on all the controversy this topic has right now). A museum where there isn't anything, such as the Guggenheim, needs to create an impressive building because it doesn't have anything else (he told us about the idea he has about the human evolution beyond fossils and bones). The important thing is that there is a big space and the walls made of glass shows off the museum in a bright luminosity.

the Fifth of November

by Frances Cadd

4ºeso students: A.G: Andrea García-I.B: Ignacio Braceras-B.P: Bruno Pérez-J.T:Jorge Tejero-L.G: Leire Gil-L.F:Lucía Fiol-L.S: Lucía Sáez-L.M:Luis Medina-L.P: Luis Pérez-M.I: Marta Ibañez-M.B:Mónica Burgos-A.R: Aitana Rio-C.P:Cristina Palacios

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